A57952	----	A physical treatise grounded, not upon tradition, nor phancy, but experience, consisting of three parts. The first, a manuduction, discovering the true foundation of the art of medicine. Second, an explanation of the general natures of diseases. Third, a proof of the former positions by practice. By William Russell, chymist in ordinary to His Majesty. Russell, William, 1634-1696? 1684 Approx. 212 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 104 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-08 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A57952 Wing R2357 ESTC R218554 99830136 99830136 34586 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A57952) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 34586) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 2018:15) A physical treatise grounded, not upon tradition, nor phancy, but experience, consisting of three parts. The first, a manuduction, discovering the true foundation of the art of medicine. Second, an explanation of the general natures of diseases. Third, a proof of the former positions by practice. By William Russell, chymist in ordinary to His Majesty. Russell, William, 1634-1696? [14], 179, [13] p. printed for John Williams at the Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard, London : M DC LXXXIV. [1684] The words "first .. practice." are connected by a left bracket on the title page. Includes index at end of text. Caption title on pg. 1: A manuduction, discovering the true foundation of the art of medicine. Caption title on pg. 55: Of the general nature of diseases. Caption title on pg. 70: A proof of the former positions by practice. Reproduction of the original at the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Medicine -- Early works to 1800. Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Early works to 1800. 2004-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-05 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-06 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2004-06 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A Physical Treatise , Grounded , not upon Tradition , nor Phancy , but Experience , Consisting of Three Parts . The First , A MANVDVCTION , discovering the true Foundation of the Art of MEDICINE . The Second , An EXPLANATION of the general Natures of DISEASES . The Third , A PROOF of the former POSITIONS by PRACTICE . By WILLIAM RUSSELL , Chymist in Ordinary to His MAJESTY . LONDON , Printed for John Williams at the Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard , MDCLXXXIV . THE PREFACE TO THE READER . MY Blooming years , happening to be in that sullen Time , wherein nothing here but Storms and Tempests appeared were so blasted ; that little else was manifest in me , but what those sad Disturbances had impressed ; so that , at the One and twentieth year of my Age , I found Ambition to outweigh my Natural Inclination : which I had never discerned , had I not been overwhelm'd by the Providence of the Almighty , and by his great Judgments ( both on Mind and Body ) brought to submit to his Government . Whereupon , it was clear to me , that the Actions of Childhood had not so blemished my Understanding , as youthful Ambition had done : from hence , a Strife arose in me , which ended not , until ( through Mercy ) a right Apprehension was given to me again ; by which , after some series of time , I could and did willingly turn out this Unnatural and Haughty Guest . Hence proceeded my Private Life , which hath now continued for about Thirty three years ; and given being to my Principles , and Practice ; and by Consequence birth to this Treatise , which is a brief Account of my frequent Experience , That being an unquestionable Ground ; and every Thing , that hath not its Original from some such undeniable Principle , can never have a certain Effect . To fear GOD , and love our Neighbour , are Precepts , so universally adhered to ( as the Summary of Divine and Moral Acts ) that Jews and Christians , Turks and Pagans , have ever subscribed to them ; notwithstanding the various Forms , and Figures , wherein they have been represented . Therefore do I think , that there is no sensible Man , but must say , that Remedies of an Universal Tendency , in which all Apprehensions and Inclinations agree , are more efficacious , safe , certain and speedy , than any particular Remedy whatsoever , whereof there are Doubts and different Opinions ; in as much as Nature never varyes , in all her Endeavours , from the Capacity , Ordination and End of every Individual ; and that , which all concur in , must needs be true : so that , whatsoever Seed she manageth to Generation , that still produceth the uniform Figure and Virtue , according to its Primitive Appointment ; unless by some accidental Cause impeded . Nevertheless , altho I seem in this whole Treatise , to mind nothing but Universal Dispositions ; yet I have bid fair for Particulars also , as my Seven years living upon Vegetables hath sufficiently demonstrated , and in that time my Examinations of their particular Virtues ; not by Reading what others have Written thereupon ; but by experimenting their Operation on my own Body , and on others also . But , since I do not find them useful , except particularly to some Persons ; and tho specifical to Diseases of each kind , yet unable to supply the Defects of Nature so well as Things of an Universal Tendency ; being seldom singularly serviceable , till after other Medicines are given : I presume no ingenious Man will think I wholly decry their use , but rather exalt them in their proper place , intending ( in my Explanation of this Treatise ) to write more fully of them , whereby it may be known I have indeavour'd to understand the use of Particulars , as well as of Generals . But , let not any one think , the Doctrine here asserted to be Novel ; for 't is as ancient as Physic , or Physicians ; which Hermes Trismegistus his Smaragdine Table sufficiently declares , where he saith , As is that , which is above , so is that which is beneath ; and all is by the Mediation of One Thing . Which true Position of his hath been so far from being denyed by those Men , who have observed Nature in her secret Meanders , from that Time , unto this very Day , that None of common Reason will or dare contradict the same : for the Egyptian Learning plainly enough demonstrates Hermes to be their Prince ; and their Hieroglyphicks shew , that not Tradition , but Natural Sagacity should be the Guide of all Inquisitive Minds , whereby to understand their Powers and Actions . This was so certainly believed in that Age , that all the neighbouring Nations , even in the Times of the Greeks , sought knowledge no where , but in that Place ; and from thence the same hath been derived to Us , as appears by the Romans first admitting thereof , and bequeathing it to our Climate . For , from Esculapius his time , to Hippocrates ( the 14th in Descent from him ) it doth appear , Nature was always allowed to be the Physicianess of Diseases ; and from that time , unto this Day , none have denied it ; except such Men , as sought Innovation , and thought they could govern Nature better , than she could govern her self . But since that Age , there have risen a sort of People , that did not so ingenuously follow Nature and Reason , in the Investigation of Truth , as their Predecessors did ; but have ( for Interest sake , or else out of Ignorance espoused , and imposed upon the World false Doctrines suitable to their Ambitious or Covetous Designs ; whereby they have clouded the Understandings of Men , and introduced erroneous Positions , to the shame of Sciences , and prejudice of Mankind . Aristotle , having a Monarch to defend him , presumed to burn the Books of his Ancestors ; yet could not fully confute , nor wholly smother the Truth therein contained . By these , and other like Means , the very Tract of the Ancients is almost wholly lost ; and now Nothing , but Nature her self , can restore that to Man of which there are no plain Presidents , or evident Footsteps . For , when Christians had forsaken that Simplicity , which was the Crown of Religion , and became Asserters and Ascribers of Infallibility to themselves ; then arose the Roman Vicar , as their Dictator , the Limiter , Bounder , and Measurer of all Divine and Natural Things which they themselves ( being seized with Egyptian Darkness ) could not distinguish ; so that , if any new Matter was apprehended and declared , which was not affirmed by this Governor , death ensued ; as appeared by that German Bishop , who ( endeavouring to prove the Antipodes ) was condemned to dye ; because he had presumed to assert That , which was not approved by this Head of the Church ; and the Learning which many Academicks ( at this Day ) boast of , is not so much the Result of Natural Sense , as of that Politic Government . Nevertheless , these Men own and acknowledg Hippocrates to be their Patron ; but did they ( as they pretend ) truly consider , and imitate him , they would not force , but follow Nature . For , it appears ( by his Rules and Sayings ) that Nature was his Guide ; because he taught , that Matter , while crude , was not to be expelled out of the Body ; which is a perfect Indication , that he would have Us to expect a due time 'till Nature shewed what she would have performed , and when she expected such assistance ; and not to precipitate her into Actions , unto which she had no tendency ; and by taking her off from her own work , to take part with the Disease . The same Hippocrates long since declared , that the Man , who in all his Life brought forth nothing , which was of Service or Benefit to his Neighbour , deserved no remembrance among Men. Therefore , if I have herein aimed ( according to my narrow Talent ) to be serviceable to Mankind , I am thereby but a Disciple to that great Master : yet , if what is contained in this Treatise , be of any advantage to Others , the thanks thereof is not so much due to me , as to my Opposers , whose Provocations have excited me to this Vindication of my Proceedings ; like the Philosopher's contranatural Fire , which ( in destroying the outward Form ) excites the inward Spirits to unite , and concenter , for their own Preservation ; to the begetting or bringing forth of some new Substance of another Species . Charge not on me the Scribe's , or Printer's faults , Who see with Others Eyes ; but they whose Thoughts Vulgar Opinion governs , are worse blind : In me the Organ's dark , in them the Mind . The First Part. A Manuduction , DISCOVERING The True Foundation of the Art of Medicine . THE Practice of Physick being various , ( and in the Judgment of most very uncertain ) because the Galenists have one Theory , and Chymists another ; I cannot perceive any thing herein more serviceable to the Publick , than to distinguish their Foundations , and what use I have made of them . The Galenists have 4 Humors , 4 Complexions , and 4 Qualities , to raise their Structure on : And when either of these exceed their due Temperament , they judg a Disease present ; and to that apply their Remedies ; never so much as thinking of a Mover , or first Cause of these Disorders . The Chymists , according to Paracelsus and Helmont , establish their Theory on the first disturbance given to Nature in her own Inns , and Acts ; not so much respecting Effects as Causes , nor the Matter disturbing , as the Spirit disturbed : and to this they apply their Remedies . This later Foundation , with me ( under great trouble of Spirit ) at last overcame all doubtings , and I readily adhered to these sublime Conceptions ; having for their Basis such perspicuity as the Light of Nature did really demonstrate , and Hippocrates , their allowed Patron , doth attest , saying ; Nature is the Physician and Curer of Diseases . Yet , upon Examination of their Remedies against this Spiritual assault , or first being of Diseases , I perceived they depended not upon any particular known Medicines , but on universal Dispositions , drawn from Metals , Minerals , Salts , Animals , or Vegetables . Hence , I began to despair of arriving at any certainty to attain Remedies so gifted , as to be capable to reduce Nature to her Primitive Unity with and in the Faculties of the Body . For , I well knew , that all the known Remedies of these Times , were not the Medicines of our Famous Progenitors , nor capable to answer to those Ends ; being the Products and Off-springs either of unfound Hearts , or ignorant Heads , too much devoted to Gain and Applause ; who , having forsook the Substance , embraced the Shadow ; and gave Names to Remedies , as Paracelsick , which have as much difference from his in Disposition , as Light has from Darkness . All their Medicines were either endued with particular Faculties , and hostile Dispositions , ( as Purging , and Vomiting , the Sound as well as the Sick ) or else curtailed by Fire , and fiery Spirits , and so rendred Diaphoretical ; under all which Considerations , they became wholly unfit to answer that great End of Nature , Curation . I did not think those supream and general gifts were wanting in Nature ; but ( because I knew not the Artifice , by which they might be attain'd ) they were to me as things of no value or concern : having therefore suspended my thoughts , till I better understood them , I greatly bent my Mind to Animals , Salts , and Vegetables ; and from them endeavoured ( as far as in me lay ) to separate their Terrestreity , and by Mistion , their Specificality ; and having spiritualized them , I found they were not unfit to be administred in any Case , so far , as communication of Strength was needful : And so great a Blessing attended for some space of time , that they seemed to answer the utmost desires of Nature . Yet , my Mind being not idle I allways feared , that this Success might arise from the smallness of the Malignity , or the happy Genius that prompted me to these Endeavours : Nor was it long before my suspitions proved truths . For , when I found some Persons not cured , thô the Principal Parts were not perished ; and that continual strife stirred up by Nature , ended in her own Conquest ; I positively concluded , that those Medicines , that were fit to stir up Action ( if not also endued with a Vitality , to keep Nature in Union with and in her own Organs , to act unto the time of Death without loss of sensibility ) were far short of what a true Physician should endeavour to compass . Now was I again bewildred , my Grief renewed , my Ignorance seemed greater then at first , and my Labours I undervalued as things of no Moment , Books could not help , and Counsel ( at that time ) among Men was not to be hoped for . Therefore I accused my self as rash in attempting that , which seemed impossible to be attained ; and even despaired thereof . But , considering in my self , that these my endeavours had not their Original in me by Education , nor by any Consideration of Profit or Honour , that might accrew from the pursuit of the same ; but from a natural Propensity , strongly overweighing my other Inclinations , which ( at that time ) to my outward Man were pleasing enough , and not without great strife fully subdued ; I resigned my self to the good Pleasure of the Highest , and endeavoured Stilness more then Understanding . Indeed I plainly viewed all things , but would not discuss them so far , as to raise any Foundation therefrom , or to bring thoughtfulness in my Self . For , I perceived a Disquisition of ought , that stood not in Unity with all things , would be particular , uncertain , and dangerous ; yea , utterly unfit to answer the ends of Nature : because I found it wanting to the attainment of true Healing : and in this way of simplicity I was found of What I knew not how to search for : Nature , in stilness , brought forth that , which Reason ( without Light ) could never have acquired , even under its most acute Scrutiny ; For , it not being sensible , there was no ground for Reasoning . In this opening , I saw , that every Universal Remedy had its Root in the first , or second Life of Minerals and Metals ; the last Life of them being either over-compact , or venomous . This Aspect was grateful to me , and gave me strong hope , that Time and Stilness might produce more Evidence . Nor was I deceived : for the way of destroying the last Life of some Subjects ( endued with an Universal Tendency ) was in the Properties of Nature made manifest to me . Then did I see , as in a Glass , the wonderful Gifts implanted in Metals , Minerals , &c. by the Pleasure of the Most High , as a Relief to Mortals , in this latter Age of the World ; wherein Diseases are increased and heightned by various Venoms ( the Relicts of popular Distempers ) and complicated through the Vices of Life , and want of an unspotted vitality in our original constitution . Besides , it appears that the World it self waxeth old , the Powers thereof are much altered , all the external Virtues of its Superficies are declined ; but Metals and Minerals , that have not known the force of the external Air ( the great Propagator of Life and Corruption ) are less Partakers of the Universal Debility , than those Things which exist chiefly by that Air. Not that they have not their Air also , but it is otherwise qualified ; rather to forward their Compaction , and concentrate their Virtues , than to corrupt them . By which means they seem to be appointed ( since , as to our Air , they share an unspotted , unchangeable Life ) as true Succours , to withstand the Impressions of our external Air , and the many Changes and Complications of Diseases , that reign amongst us . But Vegetables , by reason of a seeming decay of Vigour in the Elements , or the declining State of the External Virtues of the Worlds Superficies , ( thô they have many Excellent and Peculiar Endowments , which wisely used may be sometimes serviceable in the Cure of the Sick ; when freed from their Terrestreity and Grossness , that in their Reception , they put not Nature to too much trouble of Digestion ) yet , if they be not so universalized by Vnition , that they no longer serve under their particular Gifts , they indeed cannot contribute any thing to Nature in her most deplorable Cases : Whereas , Mineral and Metalick Virtues , being more concentrate , have more universal Dispositions ; and so are more fit to serve Nature , to all intents , than the other . For , Minerals and Metals are not specificated to this or that Person , or to this or that Disease ; but to the Properties of Nature , in her first Operation in Bodies : by which indeed , as to the noble parts of principal Members , one Mineral or Metal may be more suitable , than another ; but , as to Diseases and Persons , there they solely act according to Nature's deficiency and so become true Succours : because , when they are prepared as requisite , they are not transchanged in the Body , the Light and Vigour , or Ray of them being the Medicine . So that the Substance of them passeth away unalter'd as to weight ; and therefore not being touched by our Ferments , bringeth less trouble to Nature , than one spoonful of Wine would do ; And this is , because there is no reaction of Nature upon them , as in other Medicines : but if they be administred in so weak a state , as before separation of the form they are cast out by the Draught , then they are altogether useless . Minerals and Metals have their Gifts from GOD , not from Man's Art : For Art doth not confer Virtue , but by separating the Shell discovers the Kernel : And their implanted Virtues are for our benefit ; posited there and not to be concealed , neglected or slighted , as things not to be used ; because Envy and Ignorance have condemned them : for , by that means , the End of their Creation would be frustrated ; which will seem to the Rational an evil conceit . Shall Wheat be contemned as unfit for nourishment , because it hath husks ? or Almonds for their hard Shells ? I write not of the external Properties of Minerals and Metals , but of their inward Parts , in which is concentred a more vital Air than in other things , by which they famously manifest their Universal Disposition . Air , we see , above all things visible , refresheth Man ; Now , the Air inclosed in them is of an unsearchable power , purity , and penetration , beyond what is in any single Concrete ; more friendly than ours , wherein we breath ; for though it be lyable to it's Laws for transchangement , yet its Virtues in order to Sanity are thereby not diminished . But , the external Parts of Minerals and Metals are indeed venomous , and may justly be censured as altogether unfit to be relyed on , for Succour in Diseases ; because they compel Nature to Expulsion , and are not subservient to her , in exciting natural Vigour , except against their own poysonous hostility . Therefore , what hath been , or shall be writ , concerning this , must not be understood of the Exterior Parts of Metals or Minerals , or of the Medicines made thereof , which are commonly known ; but of such Medicines , as truly perform what I have specified , by assisting Nature , and are so vastly different from those of Common Use , that their subsequent Operation can never be declared , before they are taken : to day they have one Action , to morrow another , and the third Day another , as the Diseases happen to be changed by their Virtues . As for Instance ; In all Acute Diseases , if much material , Vomits , Stools , or Vrine are largely provoked ; and then afterwards , Sweats ; but after the Feavers are extinguished , then Stools again , till the Relicts are removed . But in acute Diseases , where there is more depression of Spirit , and less Matter , there Sweats arise at first , and continue dayly till the Evil be overcome ; and then Stools for a Day or two , according to the Relict , and so they cease acting . And all this is effected by the same Medicines ; which , if continued from the Beginning to the End of Distempers , will clearly manifest these Properties . Now , can any One imagin , that this variety of Actions , in one and the same Medicine , in the same Body , and in the same Disease , is any thing else , than the Action of Nature ? seeing it is evident , that Vomiting and Purging Medicines never become Sweaters or Binders , except Nature , through Incapacity of expelling them ( falling under the Burthen of their Venome ) sends forth Sweats , as Signs of an evil Guest . Whatsoever therefore doth so directly fortify Nature , as to make her act every way suitable to her own Necessities , cannot be any other than Virtue ; and seeing it hath pleased GOD to implant such Virtues and Powers , in Minerals and Metals , no unbyass'd person will say 't is unfit they should be inquir'd into . Medicines thus endowed are more safe than others , as never performing ought that can be injurious , seeing Nature only manageth them , and they Purge not when they should provoke Sweat ; nor do they Vomit , when purging by Vrine or Perspiration is required ; they leave no Relicts in the Body , for they are clean , having all unnatural Impurities removed . The Child new born , the Woman new layd , the most aged and most weak safely take them , without any the least dammage ensuing therefrom . I write not this conjecturally , but from the Experience of more than Twenty Years . For , these Remedies , having an universal Tendency ( not working by Vomit , Stool , or Sweat upon the sound ) do only in the Sick Operate , as Nature findeth most convenient , and so are only her Servants : but other Medicines , that have not so universal a Disposition , thô in former Ages ( when Diseases were more simple , and had rarely any thing extraordinary in them ) they might be very profitable , yet now they cannot be used without Danger . For , where Nature her self is undetermined , a Remedy , that hath not a Gift to reach the Life , and strengthen her to compose those Confusions , that cause so great a Complication , and indetermination , may indeed by its particular act alter the Scene , but not the Tragedy ; and change the Seat of a Disease from one Bowel to another ; but if any do impartially observe the Event , they will soon perceive ; that the change of Place hath rendred the Disease ( before easily cured ) not curable , unless with great difficulty ; and not at all , but by General , Remedies . Yet , let no Man mistake me so far , as to think these Medicines ( I mention ) to be very easily obtained : No , the Common Preparations have no such Endowments ; Nor can the converting of a Vomitive and Purging Medicine , into a Diaphoretick , render its Gifts more splendid : nay , rather , what before in it self had an universal Disposition , is now become only a particular Bemedy , being no otherwise serviceable , than where Sweats are needful . And it is clear to every skilful Labourer in the way of natural Medicines , that every universal Being , tormented by Fire or fiery Spirits , is not bettered thô changed : For every direct Change is a diminishing of the Natural Gift ; And whosoever spends his time this way to alter General Medicines , will injure both himself and his Neighbour , and shall never arrive to any certainty in the true Matter of Medicine . The outward Life of Metals or Minerals is poyson , which unless overcome , with Conservation of the Species of them , they cannot exhibit their natural Gifts . For Mineral Virtues are like Lillies among Thorns : if a Man remove not these , he will be wounded with their Prickles , before he can attain the Sweetness of those . The outward life of Minerals must dye and be annihilated ; their middle Life is Medicine , Antidote against Poyson , an Exhilirator and Server of Nature , without any determinate Action ; a great Light , impressed with a Divine Seal , capable to extirpate the Characters of diseasy Images , or at least to subvert their Acts ; having a natural faculty to remove every occasional Matter , by Nature's own Power ; not compelling but exciting Her , as hath been sensibly experimented . This proved to me the Truth of Helmont's Theory , which thô believed , yet without this Testimonial Act , I might ( with the generality of Searchers ) have ruined my Self , by adhering to what was visible , and supposing what I enjoyed not , as impossible to be attained . For every true Natural Medicine worketh not by its own Power ( which is ever inimical to Nature ) to Vomit , Purge , Sweat , provoke Urine , &c. but by Nature's dispose ; being such as never operates on Bodies well and in health , althô taken in a six-fold quantity ; nor on the diseased and sick , but in the way Nature finds most conducent to health . Because Nature is the Physicianess , and all that is ministred to her , ought to be at her Dispose . And that she knoweth how to use Medicines of an universal Disposition , appeareth , in that she doth by them Purge , Vomit or Sweat , where occasion is ; and that as forcibly and sensibly , as the strongest direct Medicines can do ; yet with so different Success , that Sweats , thô endured for many daies , do not weaken so much as others ( thô only for some hours ) excited by a forcible Diaphoretick ; Nay , the Patients ▪ each day grow stronger and stronger , than the first Day of taking them . So likewise , in Vomiting and Purging , there is no debility of Nature , thô they work many Weeks together , in such a measure , that the gentlest of direct Purgers ( if used so long , and wrought after the same manner ) would bring to Death's dore , if not totally extinguish Life : but these separate the occasional Matter only , and weaken not . Besides these Properties mentioned , that prove their Subserviency , ( which is but the dark part of Vniversal Remedies ) there are other more vital Separations , which manifest their Endowments ; insomuch , that the very same Medicines that did provoke , do also stay Vomiting , repress unnatural Sweats , stop Fluxes , cure the Dysentery and Gripings of the Guts , as also all Fluxes of the Womb , white or red ; stay the Menses if inordinate , and bring them down when stopped ; hinder Abortion , further the Birth when ripe ; prevent the After-pains , yet cleanse more securely , than any Specifick whatsoever ; dissolve or ripen Imposthumes , transmit seemingly fixed Tumors from one part to another , so as sensible Tumors of the Womb , have by the use of them become Imposthumes of the Abdomen : an Action , if well noted , of no small Advantage to the Sick , and of great Comfort to an honest Ingenious Physician . I have also known Urine ( in a great Obstruction thereof , contrary to the Common course of Nature , yet naturally ) vented through the fleshy parts about the Kidneys ; and that in such a Quantity , as was not inconsiderable , had it been voided the usual way : thô this continued no longer , than the Obstruction was separating ; for then Nature assumed her usual Passages . And for a Crown to the Reality of Vniversal Medicines , I shall add ; They more powerfully excite Nature by insensible Transpiration , than by all the usual Passages ; which Operation ( If Physicians be not stark blind ) is of more service a Thousand fold , especially in our days , than Purging , Vomiting , Sweating , &c. were it not the grand unhappiness of Mankind , to measure the offices of their Living Spirits , by the Effects and Consequences of their intemperate Lives . For these Remedies of an universal Tendency , exciting Nature to Insensible Transpiration , perform that part of Medicine , which is least minded , thô of greatest Concernment ; and althô of late years it hath been conceded to , as true , because sensibly experimented ; yet the Medium , by which it is performed , is a mystery to the greater part of Physicians . But to proceed to more sensible , and less disputable Actions , ( what hath been already specified being most certain , because so often known by my Self ) Nothing , below an Universal Tendency , is capable of such different Operations , nor can it be so disposed , as Nature may be capable by the same , to extravert the introversate , and that without Damage to the Parts or Organs , since it is not given to Nature to create Gifts , but to use them . For every particular Remedy , thô most pure , cannot be extended beyond its Gift : As for Instance ; The purest Stomachical , that hath Gifts to fortifie , to cleanse and separate the Impurities of that Part , not being indowed with an Universal Disposition to strengthen Nature ( to war against those dark Images she hath conceived , and by that means impressed on another Digestion ) and also a Capacity of removing occasional Causes ; it shall indeed corroborate the part for the present , but at the same time shall separate the Impurity thereof to other Digestions , and so rather render the Party worse : because , the Root of the Disease being in the Archeus , and that Specifick is uncapable of communicating ought thereunto ( except what concerned that particular Bowel ) the Disease it self must necessarily be increased in the place to which it is transferr'd , and never be subdued , until the Darkness , overwhelming the Spirit , shall be driven away ; or the occasional Matter ( in which those Idea's are impressed ) nullify'd . Whence it is clear in the Light of Nature , That Remedies of an Universal Disposition are essential to true healing . Not that I judge Specificks altogether useless ; because I certainly know , that the great Art of Physicians consisteth in finding out and fitly applying the same : yet with this Proviso , Viz. That thay suit to Parts and the Operations thereof , and be universalized as to Persons , so , that the sad , the merry , the cold , and hot Constitutions may thence reap a like Benefit ; which is no such hard matter to accomplish : For , if a Specifick be fermented with an Vniversal , by this means it is made more general , and mindeth not Constitutions , but the offended Part , in the Operations thereof . Yet these Remedies must be used with great Judgment ; because all Specificks have a direct Action , ( whether they be Acidums or Alkalies , Aperitives , Diureticks , Diaphoreticks , Vomiting , Purging , Resolving , Separating , Contracting or Coagulating Medicines ) and if unduly or unseasonably applyed , are direct Evils . For , whosoever giveth a Diaphoretick in the begining of a Feaver , before any Digestion happens in the Febrile Matter , doth by the same indeed produce Sweats , but to the great disadvantage of the Sick : because that Action of the Medicine , contrary to the disposition of Nature , carrieth the more subtile parts of the occasional Cause into the Blood. And besides , the Sweating Remedy , because not gifted to strengthen Nature , and incline her to her own Acts , leaves the more gross and oft-times uncoctable diseasy Matter in the Stomach ; which proves fatal to the Patient ; or at least renders the Disease difficult to be healed . Therefore Specificks , thô never so pure or certain , and having an universal Ferment , but not having thereby universal Gifts , cannot be used generally without apparent danger : thô , in defects of Parts and Faculties , where Nature indicates her own Wants , they act more swiftly and certainly than Remedies more general . Yet it hath been obvious to me by manifold Observations , that direct working Medicines , given in the beginning of Diseases , have generally injured the Persons afflicted ; by removing the offensive Matter to places , where Nature ( without that force ) would never have done . Let any One but observe the Progress of Malignant Feavers , Small Pox , Plague , &c. and he must necessarily discern , that any Purging Remedy , thô but a Clyster , ( because Nature endeavours to make separation another way by the Skin ) doth notably hinder the then needful and necessary Expulsion ; and , by attracting inward , brings Death , or a very great danger thereof . Now , althô in these Acute Diseases , by reason of their swift Motion and sudden determination , Errors are more obvious ; yet are they as certainly committed in the Chronical and more slow Distempers , and attended with the same Consequences , thô longer before they be manifested . For , whensoever , by direct Remedies , the Diseasy-Matter is transmitted from one Digestion to another , must it not unavoidably be rendred worse ? and what was Originally an Evil in the Stomach or Spleen , if carried to the Gaul or Liver , ( and there hurting the Actions and Parts of the same ) shall it not be more difficult to cure , seing those Bowels are remote from the Stomach , and have a different Digestion , and are not so easily reached by Physick ? For , as Mustiness in a Barrel affects Wine , Beer , or Vinegar , with the same Odour ; so doth it in like manner affect any urinous Liquor . How much more shall diseasy Ferments , if by separation , without being overcome ( which no Purgative Remedy can do ) they be carried to the Duodenum , necessarily infect the adjacent Parts ? Also , if I understand any thing in Nature , the original of all Chronical Diseases , that are not seminal , proceeds rather from the Errors of Physicians , or the unruliness of Patients , than from the Weakness of Nature , or strength of increasing Diseases . For , it is almost daily seen , that one Disease is changed into another ; not as progressing naturally thereto , but through irregular Practice , by Purging , Bleeding , Sweating , and other direct Actions ; whereby acute Diseases become Chronical , and Chronical Acute ; by the one making the Life miserable , and by the other inferring sudden Death . Which may easily be demonstrated , and I intend something thereof , when I shall treat of the Progress of Diseases . Moreover , it is very manifest , that particular Medicines ( how prevalent soever to any particular Part , and the Disease thereof ) where a Complication of Diseases is present , act rather against than with Nature ; because they cannot be imployed by Her against the Complication , or the Original of the defective Part , for such Remedies , acting particularly , and not generally , by cleansing the Part render it more fit for Reception of the Complicating Evil. So that , by such irregular Practices , Diseases of the first Digestion consequently become Distempers of the second or third , &c. And this is , because Diseases of the first Digestion , not being there subdued , but carried thence to the second or third , put on another Nature ; and sometimes become complicated , thô simple before , through a natural disposedness to receive all depending Evils of the Place the diseased live in , or of the time or season of the Year , or of the Parts they possess . For , when Diseases once degenerate , they are excited ( Nature growing weaker ) by every adjacent Evil : whereas in their first assault , one Digestion alone being concerned , Nature can much more easily overcome them . If I thought what is here expressed were not sufficient to prove the Truth of this Matter , I could easily demonstrate the same , by the Practice , either of Patients not timely using Remedies , or of Physicians using things improper . For , I do not find Chronical Diseases ( in their beginnings ) to have took Root in Us , except from the above specified Errors . And althô some seminal Dispositions derived from Parents ( labouring under the same Affects ) may beget diseasy Inclinations ; yet they , not being able to act without Matter , may well be subdued , or at least kept from further Increase , if General Means be timely used ; unless some principal Vessel be naturally deficient . Every seminal Disposition is incorporeal , till Matter ( through debility of Nature ) be conjoyned with it ; for then it becomes active and a Disease : but if the Matter , which is the occasional Evil , be removed , the Action ceaseth . Now , this Matter at the first is easily expelled in a short time ; because , every such occasional Matter is first manifested in the Stomach . But when the seminal Disposition and that Matter have moved each with other any time , strange F●rments are begotten , and the Actions of divers Parts injured thereby . Then indeed Medicines , thô never so speedy in the beginning , cannot do much , but require length of time , by reason of the Complication , which happens through the many Digestions damnified . For , in the first Motion thereof , the first Digestion is but begun to be defiled therewith , and strives against it : then Universal Medicines can easily contest with the Matter , and in small time overcome ; because the Disease is yet undeterminate and floating ; no Disease of any denomination having Existence in the Body ( except where some Vessel or Part is hurt ) till the first Digestion submitteth to it , as an admitted Guest , and ceasing to strive against it , sends Superfluities ( as Nourishment ) thereunto . This is apparent in every true Gout ; Before the Paroxysm begins , Loathing at the Stomach , and a restless Disposition is perceived for a Day or two , and the Pain never approacheth , till the Burthen be thence removed ; thô indeed , the Torture which happens afterward , doth many times cause , as it were , a Loathing : Yet that is rather the Effect of Anguish , than of Matter . For , whereas at the first , these Universal Remedies work upon the Matter , by Vomits , Sweats , Stools , or Urine , and when the Pains exist in the Joynts , have no action at all ; yet when the Dolours are removed , then they operate the same way again . And this is a sufficient proof of the possibility of keeping even Hereditary Diseases , from growing , or increasing to any great height , by General Medicines , if seasonably applyed . These General Dispositions of Medicines here treated of , are singularly useful , to keep Physicians from Error ; because Medicines of an Universal Tendency do manifest the Distempers of particular Parts ; and ( as with the Finger ) point at the Seats of Diseases , beyond the Imagination of Any , that have not proved them : for they most sensibly act on the diseased Part. And , where such Medicines are first administred , there particular Remedies , that are specifick to Parts , have afterwards the greater efficacy : because Nature being assisted in General , doth readily dispose of the Particular , according to its Gift also . For , althô they cannot cure every Disease , yet their clearing the first Digestion , by strengthening and removing the Evil thereof , cause the particular Medicine to act , without any stop , upon the affected part . And by this method it is , that Distempers accounted uncurable , have often been cured . But the great Occasions of Errors committed in the Medicinal Faculty , are : 1. Ignorance of Nature , what she is able to do . 2. Want of Knowledg of the possibility of Remedies to be so universal in their nature , as to do , or leave undone , as it most conduceth to Nature's help . 3. The grand mistake of Practitioners , touching the Causes of Diseases ; judging all Distempers to have their Original from Humorous filths , and in the mean while never thinking of Venoms arising through Ferments ▪ much less of the Spirit that makes the Assault . For , althô they hourly see the Effects of Anger , Sorrow , Envy , Fear , &c. yet , when they apply Remedies , the first obvious Cause , that turns the whole frame of Man , is not consider'd by them ; and only what they produce is the Subject against which their Medicines are directed . As for Example : When Rage kindleth Choler , they seek to allay Choler , that is only the product of Rage . Choler maketh not Men angry , but Anger conceived maketh that sensible ; For Nothing liveth , but hath enough of that Juice ( so called ) to be in Rage sufficiently , yet unless the Spirit be defiled by a wrathful Image , there is no sense of it apparent . So also , when our thoughts are greatly exercised with a strong desire to attain what is unknown , the Constringing Fiat presently ferments the Chyle with so great a sharpness , through the Contraction of the Spirit in that Exercise , that it is manifest in the Gust , or sensible Tast , and is in Nature the Cause of what is called Melancholy ; but , if persevered in so long till Separation happen , without great helps , a certain distraction is produced , or some violence that is worse . Envy and Malice have not much different Effects , for the former cause , when they are conjoyned with a strong desire , except that Madness hence does more rarely happen ; yet in that Cold dark harsh fire they impregnate the Chyle , and induce great Leaness on the Body , harshness and darkness in the Skin and Hair , and are not curable any more than the other , by any Means applied to the Humour : For , althô that be altered by the force of Physick to day , and wholly separated ; yet if the Spirit strenuously persist in the same Design , the Disease ( in the twinkling of an Eye ) is generated again : because , what is once done , may be done a second time , and needs not any intervening Agent . Althô 't is true , that Matter once generated , augments the Evil , and increaseth the Darkness so largely , that the Spirit is thereby more materiated , more exasperated , and in greater Anguish . Fear stagnizes the Blood , brings Coldness , Sighing , intermittent Pulses , Convulsions , and ( if strongly persisted in ) sudden Death , or great Stupidity . Now , it is true , that in case the occasion of Fear be removed , it is no hard matter to conquer the Effects ; And so , it is consequently true in other Idea's : but if continued in , thô but in a mere dejection , or sinking of the Life , they are rendred more difficult to cure , than the more evil and active Passions . Sorrow is accompanied with debility of Faculties , a pining away of the Body , and a wasting of the Spirits ; and is a Causer of Pains in peculiar Vessels , through the alteration of Chyle , ( the Parent of manifold Evils ) yet if once overcome , the Effects are not long in expelling , thô they have altered almost all the Constitution . Now , in as much as 't is evident , that Disturbance of the Spirit is the Generator of defects in the Body ; can it be thought , that real Venomes ( whether Epidemical , Endemical , or Artificial ) shall less distast then the aforementioned Conceptions ; since they absolutely assault the Spirit , and endeavour the Extirpation of Vital Light ? the former arise as well from feigned as real Objects ; the later only from real , active , and ( after a sort ) living Essences : therefore in reason more perceptible , and causes of greater Wrath , Fear , Stupor , Sorrow , or irregular Action in our Nature ; unless we think every thing is agitated by Necessity , as Sparks fly upward , and that there is no living Understanding and Election in Us. But , if we bring these things to a sensible Test , it cannot be denyed , but that we feel the force of Anger , Fear , &c. in our Bodies ; which , if the Spirit in Us were not the Ruler , could never be so . Yet , to come nearer to our Selves : Do not trivial Errors , even of Meats and Drinks , Heats and Colds , primarily affect the Spirit ? Who is there , whom fulness of Meats and Drinks doth not affect with Dulness and Heaviness ? Do not Heats , when overmuch , cause Faintings and Languishments ; and doth not the Supplement of Cordials ( actual or potential ) supply that defect ? Likewise , is it not apparent , that Cold ( when offensive ) stagnizeth the Bloud , giveth Cause for dolour in the external Parts to Imposthumous Humors ; or stirs up Disorders internally , through the let of vital Separations ; and is usually the Begetter ( if the Spirit be not helped to perform its natural Separations ) of Vomitings , Fluxes , Feavers , Coughs , and what not , through the obstructing of the vital Spirit ? Yet however , this can be no more than the Occasional Cause ; the Efficient must be the Spirit erring in its own Acts , that must constitute this formal part of distemperature , and bring it to a Disease . And doth any thing sooner restore Nature to her wonted Action , than such things as fortifie her , and help forward Transpiration , which the Cold letted ? Also , it is very clear , that if any one , upon the first Sense of a Distemper , doth but use such Universal Means , as can keep Nature to act without disturbance ; he will certainly find , that all these Distempers ( so generally afflicting ) are driven away almost as soon as they came . For , by the first Assault , the Archeus is only confused , and hath not throughly impressed the obstructed Matter with a diseasy Character . And this my Patients do generally find true , insomuch that for many years , few of them know ought of a compleat Disease , unless they neglect their Remedies in the beginning . For every Medicine of an Universal Tendency is gifted from above , to withstand the Formation of Diseases ( if the Internal Spirit hath not given to them a Seminal Being ) inasmuch as it addeth Power and Activity to Nature , through the Light and Life that is in it , to Act regularly . Therefore , of how great Concern is the knowledg of Medicines strengthening , exhilarating , and pacifying Nature ; since she is the only Actor , as well as Curer of her self ? How chary then ought a Physician to be of what he gives to his Patients , that he may not compel Nature by the Crudeness , Contrariety , or Poysonous Property of Medicines ( which qualities all direct Purgers and Vomiters have ) to exhaust her strength , by opposing one Evil with another ? If Physicians have not Remedies more general , pure and friendly , than those that are usually given ( I mean such , as can excite Nature to Action , give her strength , be imployed by her to this or that Operation , without leaving Reliques Offensive , nay sometimes more troublesome , than the Disease it self ) the want of such can be no excuse to them : For GOD hath not left Mortals deprived of Remedies , of a more friendly and benign Nature and Condition , did not Pride , Covetousness and an overweaning Conceit , accompanied with Negligence , attend some Book-Doctors , keeping them from searching into the Mystery of true Practice . These Men conclude , if they administer according to a written Rule , set out by any they esteem able ( let the success be what it will ) 't is justifiable , because answearable to what was directed ; they themselves being Judges ; thô it be contrary to Nature in all Respects . But , were Nature more minded , and the Receipts of Doctors less , we should see an happier effect on diseased Persons . And were the errors they commit , writ on their Foreheads ; or the means , by which they have attained their Grandeur among the People , duly examined ; they would be ashamed of the one , and abhor the other . Nature is that we ought to observe , to strengthen her where she is weak , to enlighten her where dark , to pacify her when inraged ; that Fear may vanish , Rage may cease , and Amazement be expelled . Whosoever can accomplish this , shall find the most stubborn , and accounted uncurable Diseases , to fly before him . But , Diligence , a sound and unbyassed Understanding , accompanied with Patience , Love and Zeal , are Essential to open these Deeps , and to discover such Medicines , as are fit to extirpate those Exorbitances . Alas ! those that have trod this Path , have been very few ( or they have concealed themselves ) and what they have written rather stirs up desire , than satisfies . The Famous Medicines of Paracelsus and Helmont , notwithstanding their Voluminous Writings , and frequent Citations of them , contribute little to us , only , that they incite us to follow Nature : but the Remedies themselves , either dyed with them , or are very secret : No general Rule is extant , whereby such Medicines may be obtained . What shall we do ? Where shall we seek ? unless we can find the Path of Nature is general , we shall not be able by Art to answer her deficiency in particular . The Pious and Learned Silurist , in his Silex Scintillans , hath something fitted to this purpose , where he saith : When Nature on her Bosome saw Her Children dye , And all her Fruits withred to Straw , Her Breasts grown dry ; She made the Earth ( her Nurse and Tomb ) Sigh to the Sky : Till to those sighs , fetcht from her Womb , Rain did reply . So , in the midst of all her Fears And faint Requests , Her earnest Sighs procur'd those Tears , That fill'd her Breasts . What is most natural is most fit to be exemplary , and will seldom fail those that follow it . But , to rake the Volumes of the Dead ( when their Sense is buryed with them ) to find Understanding , is as irrational as for the Blind to endeavour to discern Colours . Besides , it is a great undervaluing of Mans own Capacity , Natures Bounty , and God's Blessing , to judg what hath been once done may not be done again . For , altho their Medicines be dead with them , or obscured ; yet Nature is still in being , and her Lord ( the Dispenser of every Virtue ) lives for evermore , loves his Creatures , created Medicines for them , and never faileth to impar● Gifts to the Sons of Men , according as they stand capacitated to receive them . But , if we think the old Metho● of the Ancients ( set the natural Part thereof aside , which is the least Particle thereof ) which is already known , and found to be uncertain , to be sufficient for Diseases which were not then in being , it is as much as to fit one Hat to every Head , and one Shoo to every Foot. Let it be inquired how Remedies came first to be known , seing we know Man is born into the World , with the least Capacity to help himself ; and then Knowledg must either arise by instinct , or by being acquired by Experience ; or be attained to by Education , or by Something beyond all . Assuredly , Education cannot rightfully assume to it self the principal Place ; for it is most certain , that that Knowledg which is real , must either be taught from Natural Instinct , or be acquired from Observation . And if from either of these , whensoever new Diseases happen , must not the Cures of the same naturally arise from one of them two ? because there is no Rule , nor can be any for what was not in being before . If no Rule , then certainly natural Instinct , or Experience acquired by Observation , must be the only available and truly prevalent Medium , by which the most certain and proper Remedies of such new Evils can be known . Education in these Cases cannot help ; For , 't is apparently manifest , that all Education ariseth from certain received Principles , of supposed Conveniency or Inconveniency : and as the Principles are , true or false , particular or general , so do they enlarge or diminish the Understanding . What takes being from Experience is true ( if they , who possess the same , have a true sentiment of the experiment , and well understood the Causes ) being sensible ; yet , as it hath being from Effects , it is not always presidential for the future : But , what ariseth naturally , and hath the inborn Principles in Man for its Guide , is the true Patron of all General and Particular Knowledg ; I call to witness the Testimony of all Ages , and ask : Who instructed the first Authors of Physick , when there were neither Books , nor Precedents ? Who taught Hippocrates so many Ages since , to distinguish something Divine in certain Diseases , and to have a Cure for a popular Plague , never known or heard of before ? Whence was it , that the same Man ( in that Age of the World , wherein Diseases and their Remedies were neither known nor distinguished in any measure ) did obtain a most clear Light , not only to distinguish , but also to cure Diseases with proper Medicines ? How was Basilius a Monk instructed , who in his days became a most knowing Physician ? Did not Paracelsus and Helmont , neglecting the Traditions of their Predecessors , obtain Medicines of greater Efficacy , than all that went before them ? Paracelsus , thô bred up in Schools , chosen Professor of Physick in Basil , raised not his Knowledg from what he had read , but from the Light of Nature operating in him ; as sufficiently appears by his dissenting from every known Rule ; and by his effectual Cures ; as also , by his own declaration , That he had not read any Book of Philosophy or Physick in Ten Years time together . And Helmont acknowledged , That he found out more certainty , when Discourse and Phansy , or Imagination was subdued , than by all his Readings or Conceptions : To the Truth of which , some now in being can bear their testimony . And is it not daily manifest , that the Indians , which have no Books , by Natural Instinct only find out the Virtues of Plants , so that they rarely want a Medicine for their Common Distempers ? Do we not our selves often see Sick Persons ( given over by Physicians ) to be cured by their own natural Impulse ? One Person is cured after one sort , Another after another , altogetehr contrary to a known Method ; which we ignorantly call Chance , but it is so only to Us : For , without doubt , this is Nature , that naturally excites Man to his Cure ; as the Dog , to Quitchgrass ; the Cat , to Nep ; the Swallow , to Celandine , &c. If Nature be ( as indeed she is ) the Exciter of these Animals , to their proper Remedies , without any Conception , Fore-thought , or Reasoning of their own ; how much more is she of Man , in whom is latent a Capacity of knowing things in their Roots , so , that some Men , void of much discourse or Reasoning , when the internal Man in them is touched or excited , utter wonderful things ; yet , are uncapable of Reasoning how , or why they utter them ? Even so , Arts appear more polite , where Nature bringeth them forth in Man , without the Consult of his Reason . For as the Strength of the Lion , and Fierceness of the Tiger , the Courage of an Horse in time of Battel , and the Fearfulness of the Hare , are not the Consults of their Strengths or Weaknesses , or the Effect of Education , but ingenited Properties ; so we see some apted to Musick , to Poetry , to Limning , to Arithmetick , the Mathematick Science , and Mechanick Arts , in so high a measure , that they evidently outstrip all others that have been educated therein . Who did ever exceed Appelles ? When did ever Art make a Poet come near Homer , for exactness of Phansy ? Nay , 't is generally taken for granted , that Poets are born , not made . Our own days produced a Child , capable of solving most solvable Questions in Arithmetick , without a Teacher , or known Rule . The Merchants , that Trade to the Gold-Coasts , have told me , that the Negroes , upon their Fingers , sooner account the value of Commodities , thô in broken Numbers , than our acutest Merchants can with their Pen. How many have we seen excellent Artists in Mechanick Works , that never learned them of Masters by Education skilled therein ? But to conclude all , of whom did Archimedes learn his admirable ( and as yet unparallell'd ) Inventions of Mechanick Engins , by which he so long withstood the Roman Army , both by Sea and Land ; using his single Artifice only , without the help of other Weapons ? insomuch , that Marcellus , General of that Army , speaking in Mockery to the Engineers of his own Camp ( as Plutarch writeth ) said : What ? shall we never cease to make War with this Briarean Engineer , and Geometrician here ? who , sitting still at his Ease , in sporting manner , hath with shame overthrown our Navy , and exceeded all the fabulous hundred Hands of the Giants , discharging at one instant so many Shot amongst us ? Whence , I say , had these Men their Instruction , while we , who have had their Books and Experiments ( or at least an indubitate Relation of them ) yet attain not to their Perfection , thô so many hundred Years be past , and so many Hands and Heads have been imployed since their time ? Surely Nothing hath been a greater Cause of this deficiency in Us , than our supposing Things declared to be a better Rule to be gone by , than the Principles they began upon , who declared them . And were it not for that , I cannot but , think , that we had been long ago so enlarged in our Understandings , as these Lines need not have been written at this time . But then , I would also be understood to suppose , that the Foundation , in and by which these famous Men attained to the Perfection of their Arts , be not neglected by Us : For they , not regarding ( perhaps not having , or not using ) the frail and uncertain help of Books , not trusting to the written Experiments of others , suffered themselves in great Simplicity ( as the Child above mentioned ) to be taught by Nature . This way they obtained a more certain knowledg , than wa● possible to be attained by any other way . Wherefore , to be unlearned in the Art of Physick , is not to want the benefit of Languages ; for a due Observation of , and living up to the Rules of Nature in that Case provided , are the chief Things necessary to that Science , which is more easily attain'd by a sound Judgment , than by reading the most Book-Learned Wits . For , since Nature is the Guide of the Universe , and of each thing therein , it is not to be doubted , but that as she brings forth Medicine , so she doth the Physician also to administer the same , whether it be considered generally or particularly , as to those Remedies , the Gifts of which ( in all Ages , Times and Seasons , to all Persons and all Diseases ) are alwayes the same : or to such Remedies as are more specifick , or particular , which are produced by her in one place only , at one time , and for some Persons ; as Medicines fit for fome certain personal , or local Diseases ; and in another Place and Time , for other Persons and Diseases . And it is clearly manifest , that the knowledg of the Virtues of Roots , Herbs or Plants , hath been nothing advanced since the Days of Theophra●tus ( a Man naturally experienced ●herein , and the Divulger thereof ) ●xcept what hath been discovered by Observation from Beasts , Birds , Old Women , Clowns , Indians , or some such way unexpectedly . Not , that Nature hath been all this time ignorant , or uncapable of succouring her own Off-spring , especially since Diseases have multiplyed ; but those that pretend themselves Physicians , have not been gifted by her , but have opposed and hindred her proper Endeavours ; they , being bent and resolved to be wiser than she , and to compel her by Remedies : a Practice their Fore-fathers never knew : thinking that Man , who was made in the Image of GOD , hath no Light or Guide in himself , sufficient to direct Him to his own help , or the help of his Neighbour . O great Blindness ! What Man ? the Summary of all created things , that hath an immortal Soul , shall not that in him , which descended from above , be capable to distinguish what is fit for his help ? Shall Birds and Beasts have the priviledge to know the fitness of Remedies , and Man be judged uncapable thereof ? Shall barbarous Indians , and rude Shepherds Husbandmen or Old Women do greater Cures , than the Learned Doctors of our Age ? O Shame ! For , to be ignorant of what illiterate Persons know , is a great reproach to the Learned ; if they , pretending great knowledg perform little , ( even in the Faculty , of which they call themselves Masters ) and the other , pretending little , are able to do much more than they . But , this is , because the One is excited by natural Instinct , and the Other only by credulous reading . Althô , at present , these things may sound harsh to the Ears of some , yet being true , and having Nature for their Foundation , they will , perhaps , out-live the Enemies of the same ; and ( in this latter Age ) be as generally received as heretofore ( in times of Apostacy ) they have been denyed . Our Ancestors in Art ( though vulgarly reverenc'd under the notion of Antiquity ) were really but the Infancy of the World ; 't is our Age which , by following long after theirs , is indeed the true Antiquity : Why then should we dote wholly upon their Childhood-inventions ; and not rather , having the advantage of Example ( which the Beginners must needs have wanted ) proceed and grow old in Understanding , as well as in Time ? a Pigmey set upon a Giant 's shoulders , may be able to see farther than Him. The Second Part. OF THE General Nature of Diseases . A Person is then properly said to be Sick , when some Part , at least , cannot perform its due Action ; and whatever produceth that Infirmity , is styled the Cause ; and that Disability of the Part to do its proper Office or Function , is call'd a Disease : of which some are Simple , some are Complicated . Simple Diseases are either Natural , Preternatural , or Contranatural : Pardon the Coinage of the last Word , because it seems as analogical , as the Terms , Supernatural , Vnnatural , Connatural , and the like . Of the first Sort are all Hereditary Diseases transferr'd from Parents to Children , and may be considered under the deficiency of Parts , transmitted Idea's , or corporeal Venoms ; sometimes singly , as when any weakness of Parts in Parents ( not labouring under any other Disease ) is conveyed to their Off-spring , who have those deficiencies during Life , in one measure or other ; yet are not at all thereby the more lyable to greater Diseases , but to the trouble of Nature's exercise , where that deficiency is ; except , Nature failing in her own endeavour , admit Retents of things to her further Disturbance ; which yet may easily be prevented , by the help of Remedies specifick to the Parts . But , if to the weakness of a Part , a material Evil be added , then indeed the Persons ( if not quickly cleared of that Disease ) through the weakness of their inward Parts , do either soon die , or live a miserable Life . Nevertheless , even in the conveyance of such Morbifick Idea's , if the Parts be sound , and no accidental thing happen to give vigour thereunto , they perceive nothing thereof for a long time , as is observable in the Derivative Gout , which a Child ( thô begotten by Parents strongly possessed therewith ) feeleth many times nothing ▪ thereof , till 40 , or 50 years of Age : For , it is absolutely necessary and essential to every Ideal Disease , ( except Mental Evils ) to have material filths for the Idea to work upon . For instance I have observed , that those , who have contracted the poyson of the Lues mummially , and have otherwise been of sound Parts , have had no tokens , nor appearance thereof in several Years themselves , ( and perhaps never may ) yet some of the Children proceeding from the same Bodies , have been naturally infected therewith . And likewise I have known other Parents Ideally defiled , to have had Issues that appeared sound and free ( because Seeds admit not of ought but Idea's ) for 7 , 10 , or 12 Years ; and afterwards that Ideal Disease , by occasional Matter , hath manifested it self apparently as an hereditary Communication . Besides , it is observed generally , that those who are contaminated with that Disease , by a seminal Contact , have never any Sense thereof for several Months ; and Others , on whom the Disease ( so acquired ) breaks out at any time , are conscious of some disorderly Acts , that have introduced Superfluities , for captivating the Spirits ; without which that Malady , when seminally induced , is not made manifest . But , if the Lues be materially contracted , then the soundest Body , and the clearest Spirit , escape not free from the sense thereof for many hours , or at the most not for above 3 days : because it materially affects the Parts , discovers its proper Signs , and manifesteth it self to be material ; and the Archeus , striving against it , produceth Sores and Fluxes in the Parts infected , thereby to center the Evil in the Part , to prevent its further progress in the Body : by which means , Gororrhea's newly gotten are quickly healed , all the internal Parts being sound ; nor do they ever arise to the Lues , except Means be wanting to keep them from further spreading . For , Material Diseases , ( thô very venomous , by reason of their corporeity ) are easier overcome , than the spiritual or Ideal ; because they aseend not to so great an height , as to captivate Nature , so as to make her nourish the Evil without resistance , except great Errors are committed : whereas the Ideal do at first darken the Spirits , and then make them subservient ( through insensibleness of the unmateriated Venom ) to prepare Matter for the existence and nourishment of that spiritual Evil , and then is the Disease formed . Now , for corporeal Evils that are derived from Parents , having their original from maternal Nourishments , they manifest their cruelty so soon as the Child is born , by one Sign or other evident to the Sense , as by Vomitings , Loosness , Restlessness , Thrush , or Convulsions ; sometimes by Acrimonies external or otherwise , by which their Lives are quickly cut off , if they be not helped with Remedies that can fortify the natural powers to resist those Evils . And that general Opinion ( grounded upon the defectiveness of common Remedies ) that Physick is not fit for Children , hath in all probability cast away many , that might have been preserved : for material Evils , how great soever they seem , are seldom mortal , if the internal Powers are strengthened by natural Medicines ; because the Spirit in them is not so vitiated , as to nourish the Evil : thô indeed a diseasy . Idea , imprinted upon the Archeus of a Child , striveth to bring the Disease into act , upon the advantage of every occasional disorder . Preternatural Diseases ( so called , because they have no Root naturally from Parents , or from diseasy Seeds ; but are accidentally begot by variety of Distempers , as the Spirit or Part is more or less vitiated ) are such as arise through the Errors of Digestion ; by Fulness , Emptiness , Colds , Heats , Sorrow , Anger , Fear , Hatred , &c. things transmuted , transmitted or retained ; or when one Disease is changed into another through misapplication of Physick , or the irregularity of the Patient . Under Fulness , is comprehended Gluttony , Drunkenness , or any Excess beyond the ability of Nature to digest : for the disagreements likewise of Foods ( which , thô taken in small Quantities , may notwithstanding offend ) are to be numbred among Excesses ; because , by reason of their Properties disagreeing with Constitutions , through want of use ; their difficulty to be digested in their being over solid , their tendency to corruption , their fermental Dispositions , or their hostile Venomes to particular Natures ( by their Antipathy thereunto ) may prove equally burthensome , as the over-charging of the Stomach with agreeable Meats and Drinks : Either of these are the Foundations of Surfets , which beget Languishings in the Body , Vomitings , Headaches , and Loosnesses , through disability of the Pylorus ; and if not conquer'd or healed in their primitive Root and Seat , then the Jaundies ( black or yellow ) Iliac or Cholic Passion , Diarrhoea ; Quotidian and Tertian Feavers , Dysentery , Lientery , Imposthumes , and Obstructions in the Spleen , Mesentery , and Reins , have their existences : whence Dropsies , Consumptions , Hysterical Passions , Cachexies , Falsies , Vertigoes , Apoplexies , and Epilepsies , have their original . For , when Evils are not subdued in the Stomach , but vitiously slide into other Bowels , to defile and beget strange Ferments in them ; then the Spleen and Stomach conspire to the maintenance thereof ; their own Government being characterically blemished with the foregoing disorders . Emptiness , if too much , makes a depression of the Spirits , languishing of the Vital Powers , and an indisposition of the Parts of assimilate Nourishment . The only Remedies of this , are Foods of a nourishing and more spiritual Operation . Colds and Heats , in too great a Degree , congeal or resolve the natural Spirits to an extream , and obstruct , or expend the same . Contranatural Diseases are all Epidemics , Endemics ; and every Poyson , yea , all such Maladies as derive not their original from the Parent 's Seed ; nor take beginning from preternatural Excesses in Meats and Drinks , Errors in Digestion , or the like ; but immediately from without assault the life . Of this kind are the Pestilence , and all annual ( commonly Autumnal ) Distempers , by us called New Diseases , which arise from the putridness of the external Air , by which our internal Air or Aether , being primarily defiled , suddenly contaminates the Spirit of Life , so as to beget Diseases correspondent to the Calamity the Spirit is oppressed with , under the predominating Powers of Stupor , Rage , or Fear . In Stupor , the Disease having enervated the Efficacy of the Spirits discrimination , finisheth the Tragedy without resistance : and when 't is finished , Nature her self gives testimony of her own Vanquishment , by that small refuscitation of her proper Powers , which plainly shews her Incapacity to strive against the prevailing Evil ; because , while sensible of the Assault , she willingly yields to Death , without Strife : as was sufficiently manifest to me in those , that ( in the Year 1665 , ) had the Plague ; in whom , Nature , so soon as she was sensible of her own Inability of overcoming , voluntarily submitted to the prevailing Evil. And , thô Sense was perfect , yet , when the Tokens appeared , each Person so concerned , thô seemingly well ( Weakness excepted ) as at any other usual time , seldom fayled of dying in 12 , or 24 hours ▪ Under this manifestation of the prevailing Disease , the Pulses are equal ▪ thô slow , the Vrine thin , and nothing visibly different from an healthful State : nevertheless in these , there are Twitchings of the Nerves , Tendencies to Convulsions , which ( except Remedies be applyed of so benigne a Nature , as to be capable and able to enliven the Spirit to act against the Disease , and resist its Venome ) always end in Death . In Rage , Nature being sensible of the Evil , acts violently against it , moves in and by the Fire of Nature , stirs up Vomitings , Headaches , Phrensies , and Vehement Burnings , Blanes , Buboes , Carbuncles , Pustles , &c. ferments the Bloud sometimes to evacuation by the Nostrils , Bowels and Vrine . But , if Remedies be used , that can resist the Venome and appease the Rage , Sweats following , all those inordinate Acts cease ; Blanes , Carbuncles , and Pustles ripen ; Buboes dissolve , and the Disease is by little and little overcome . Fear betrayes the Succours of Nature , and renders all endeavours useless ; because ( through that ) she readily receives the Venome , sinks under it , and rather endeavours to nourish , than strives against the Enemy . The Signs of which are Faintings , Languishings of the Spirits , Palpitations of the Heart , Tremblings of the Pulse , and rarely ever any other Testimony of the Disease , than the Tokens : and if such Persons have ( as sometimes happens ) Blanes , Pustles , Carbuncles , or Buboes , they neither ripen , nor dissolve . In this Case ( thô so desperate ) if high Cordials be at first administred and continued , with those Medicines , that resist malignity , then sometimes the Sick are happily cured , otherwise they certainly perish . The Distinctions of Diseases , Natural , Preternatural , and Contranatural , being premised ; it is now to be understood , That the Change of one of them into another , or the Mixtion of them each with other , beget a Complication ; as the two General Evils , the Lues and Scurvy ( in their progress , from their first beginnings in Us , to the Exit of our Lives ) do clearly demonstrate . Touching the Lues , a Distemper too well known , I forbear to speak ; but generally in the Scurvy , a Disease by me long observed , I find the power of Contraction ( or Congelation ) and Resolution . For Scurvys present themselves to our consideration , as arising either from too great Constringency , whereby the Effervency of the Bloud is stayed ; or from an over-great Tartness , or Resolution of the Chyle into an abounding Fermentation . In the one Case , the Bodies of People afflicted are always ( or for the most part ) chilly , sleepy , numned , stiff , and indisposed to Motion ; in ●he other , they labour under Faintings , ●alpitations of the Heart , involuntary ●weats ▪ and Heats , and as soon troubled with Cold again . For , in the Assault ●●om without , are inferred Numnesses , ●ontractions of the Nerves , extream ●oldnesses and Lamenesses . And when ●ature ( by the Assault perverted ) er●neously strives against them , hor●ble Pains ensue , and produce Rheu●atisms , and Scorbutick Gouts , ( the Effects of Tartness ) known by Dolors in the Nerves , as well as in the Joynts and , when the Assault is more inward , then arise Palsies , Convulsions , Vertigoes , and all other capital Diseases , that have their Original from Congelations in the Nerves . On the other hand , when Resolution is present ( for Congelations and Resolution● are too frequent in every part of the Body ; and , as Paracelsus well observed , are the Sources or Originals o● all Diseases ) there sometimes happen● a Resolution of the Members , by Fermentations in the Bloud , Erysipela's all open Sores , Cancers , and the like also inordinate Bleedings , preternatural Fluxes of Bloud , Bloudy Vomitings , vehement Burnings , Loosnesse of all kinds , and the like . For , th● Diarrhea , Lientery , Dysentery , Catarrhs , Hectick Feavers , Solution o● the Joynts , &c. are properly calle● Diseases of Resolution . I should now subjoyn a discour● touching the Forms and Operation of ●●enomes , foremention'd in this Theory , but because they rarely come in play , I had rather supersede that Treatise , until the Doctors vouchsafe to allow them an Existence ; Wherefore I shall here put a short end to the General Nature of Diseases , whose universal Work it is to put such an end to Ours . The Third Part. A Proof of the former Positions by Practice . NOw , I proceed to a direct Explanation of my Practice in Cure of Diseases , consonant to the Theory above given . But , because I have elsewhere spoken of Cures , by me performed in the same Method , from the Year , 1657 , to the Year 1665 ; I will discourse only of those Distempers , that since that Time ( thô of the Progress and Determination of the Plague alone then raging , I could write a large Volume ) have fallen under my Care , and been Cured without the help of any of the Compositions of the Shops , or commonly known Chymical Remedies ; both which kinds of Medicines , I do , in a manner , tacitly disclaim , as unfit to serve the extream Necessities of Nature ; yet , have I so far allowed of them , as they may in some sort or degree be of use in Cases less difficult : well knowing , that 't is only the Prudence of Physicians , in a due application of Remedies specifick to Parts or Juyces , which renders them serviceable to the End , for which they were made . Nevertheless , for brevity sake , and because in my Theory to this present Practice of Physick , I have at large discoursed about this matter , I shall say no more of them ; but go on , by the Practice it self , to prove the Use of General Medicines to be rational , and true , certain in Nature , and confirmed by Experience . In order to which , I begin with the Plague in the Year 1665 , and the Diseases of the following Years ; wherein popular Distempers ( the Relicts of the preceding Plague ) did sufficiently manifest themselves in their Vigour , and reigned long , to the Astonishment of those Doctors , who ( the Year before ) conscious to themselves of the Deficiency of their own Medicines , fit to resist that Malignity , forsook their Patients in a time , when their Skill ( had it been worth Esteem ) would have been of greatest Service . Having affirmed , Diseases to be either Simple , or Complicated , Resolved or Congealed , as I must ( with Paracelsus ) acknowledg all Diseases are , it is now time to speak of their Cures ; first particularly , and afterwards , generally . In order to which , for order sake , I intend to give a short hint of Cures , both particular and general ( in discoursing of which , I shall be exceeding brief ) afterward , by many Examples produced from my own Experience , of more than Eighteen Years since the last Plague , confirm the Truth of this my Theory , by my proper Practice in a larger manner . Therefore first , I thus say : In Congealed Distempers , Remedies furthering Transpiration , by resolving those acrid Powers , that hinder the same , are most conducent to the Cure of them . But , in Resolution of the Powers , where Faintings , and Palpitations are predominant ; there Constringents are most serviceable . Yet open Tinctures , by which Nature may ( as in a Glass ) see her own Deficiency , perform both the one and the other , more strongly or more remissly , according to the Excellency of them . Of the Plague . IN the beginning of the said Plague , I used all the known Anti-pestilential Medicines ( both of Ancient and Modern Physicians ) which I found would indeed provoke Sweats ; yet not naturally , but by help of Cloaths , where a great Burning generally was , before the Sweats appeared . By reason whereof , Nature , ( being wearied ) through such a forcible way of acting , could not be supported sufficiently to the extirpation of that Venome , so as to dissolve Buboes , without maturation ; nor ripen Blanes , or Carbuncles , but by a long Series of Time , and great Conflicts of the Sick , which too frequently ended in Death ; thô , the Plague ( at that time ) was not come to the height of its Malignity . Perceiving this , I had recourse to my own Medicines , which I had formerly found successful in most Feavers : For , by these Remedies , such as came to me upon the first Assault , if the Chyle was infected , and any Fulness remained in the Stomach , they usually Vomited at first , and presently after fell into Sweats , without preceding Burnings , or the help of Cloaths . And the Sweats , for the first 12 , or 24 Hours , were like drops of Water from a Bucket , for largeness ; yet was there not any Depression of Spirit , but more ease , and greater vitality or liveliness , and the Continuation of the same Sweats was pleasant and refreshing : by which Means , Buboes dissolved , and in the third Day ( at farthest ) the Malignity was separated : And , thô the same Remedies were continued , yet after that time no Sweats appeared , otherwise , than was usual in an healthful Person , the Time and Season being considered . But where Blanes and Carbuncles appeared , there Sweats were not so great , nor so continual ; but usually on the third Day , the Blanes and Carbuncles opened , and their Eschars were divided from the Living Flesh , and digestion so followed into Matter , that in a short time ( comparatively to that , where other Medicines were used ) perfect Health followed . The different manner of Assaults at that time . In the first Assaults of that Pestilence , some were taken with great shivering Pains in the Back and Head : others were afflicted with Lightness of the Head , without pain ; but had Tremblings and Palpitations of the Heart , and sometimes Swoonings . Some were assayled , as with a Stroak , Stab , or Prick ; Others with Blanes , Buboes , or Carbuncles , without any manifest Sickness at their first appearance . My Method of Cure. Under all these various manifestations ( except where great fear was ) I always used one and the same Method . When they were first taken ill , I ordered them to go to Bed presently , and lay no more Cloaths on , than they usually did in time of health ; then I gave them my Pouder , in a spoonful of Wine , Ale , or Beer : and I gave my Aqua Pestilentialis , if taken with shiverings , two or three Spoonfuls ; but if hot , then but one Spoonful , or one Spoonful and half , perswading them to lye still ; which if they did , Sweats presently followed , and for their supports therein , they were allowed Mace-Ale , Posset-Drink , Sack or White-Wine ; thin Caudle with a little Wine in it , and either of these somewhat often repeated , but in small Quantities . My Aqua Pestilentialis was taken as often , as need required ; sometimes once in an hour , sometimes more , and sometimes less , as Occasion was . My Pouder was repeated once in two , four , or six hours , according to the Capacity of Nature : where Diminution of Sweats and of Strength hapned , it was often taken ; but if the Patients continued sweating , and strong and brisk , only once in six hours . But , if there seemed a Tendency to a Loosness , which ( in that Disease ) was usually fatal , my Coralline Cordial was often used , a spoonful at a time every half hour , until the Signs of Laxity disappeared . Where great Thirst was concomitant with the Disease , I used my Simplex , mixed into the form of a small Cordial Drink , ordering one spoonful at a time to be taken into the Patient's Mouth , and swallowed down leisurely , as it were by Drops . And if great Restlesness hapned , through want of Sleep , I administred ten grains of Salt of Hartshorn purified , and dissolved in Cytron-Water , or White-Wine Posset-Drink , and repeated the Dose once in two hours , not neglecting the foresaid Pouder . This Remedy thus seasonably given , seemed to me far more successful in relieving Nature in that Exigency , than any common Dormative Medicine , of what kind soever . But , if presently after the Assault there appeared a Stupor , Drowziness , and a slow Pulse ; then did I make a strong Cordial of the Simplex , and gave of it a Spoonful at a time , once in an hour ( not neglecting either the said Pouder , or the said Aqua Pestilentialis ) till the Pulse was raised , and the Sweats flowed free ; and then I proceeded in all things , as before specified . In great Fear , thô I gave the Pouder at first , yet I always used large Quantities of the Coralline Cordial , to refresh the declining Spirits , and to procure free Sweats ; which if attained , then the Method before spoken of was continued to the end of the Cure. In the Anguish of Carbuncles and Blanes , I applyed outwardly ( besides the internal Medicines ) my Resolving Cerot , and changed the same once in 6 , or 12 hours , according as the Dolours were more intense , or more remiss . For I had , by sad Experience , seen the fruitlesness of all Magnetical Attractives , whether Mineral , Vegetable or Animal : nay , the prepared Toads , so famous in the Year , 1603 , ( testifyed of by Helmont , and before him highly extolled by Paracelsus ) proved here of no use , either to extract the Venome , or prevent the Malignity of that Disease . I here write nothing of Buboes , because ( where my Medicines were used ) they never ripened , but dissolved ; except , where Patients were disobedient , and unwilling to continue in their Sweats , and so gave Occasion to the maturation thereof : which ( thô but seldom ) hapning , I then applyed only my Resolving Cerot , as before ; and found the same , as well in ripening as in resolving , to exceed all Poultisses and Plaisters , I ever used before , or since . Remarks upon the Carelesness of Patients afflicted with the Plague , or their Attendants , &c. WHen some Persons , using my Medicines , had layn in Sweats , for 24 hours , more or less , and found themselves seemingly well , and free from all Disturbances , or Sense of the Pestilential Venome , they ( notwithstanding their Sweats continued large and free ) would needs rise out of Bed , and so checked those Sweats , inferring on themselves sudden Death . For , I always observed , that no One , having that Disease , who did rise out of Bed before the third Day ; or at least before Sweats ( excited by the use of my Medicines ) had wholly ceased , did ever recover ; except by that long and tedious way of Maturation of Buboes , which then admitted not of Dissolution ; because after that time , Sweats could never more be naturally excited . Also , no less fatal Errours were committed by Nurses , and such as attended the Sick , in laying on too many Clothes , during the time of their Sweats : for , so doing , Violence was offered to Nature , and the Spirits , oppressed thereby , languished under their own Burthen , and were no longer capable of help , by any Means whatsoever . Moreover , where People ( in time of the Pestilence ) to please their Appetites , eat large Meals , or over-cooling Foods , as Fresh-Fish , all sorts of Fruits , Melons , Cowcumbers , &c. thô in a remiss degree ; yet , if the same Persons were taken with that Disease , great Vomitings and Loosnesses followed , which did generally end in Death . Because such Persons could not ( by any Remedies ) be brought to Sweat , after the manner of those , that lived Temperately , and avoided like Excesses . Also , these Patients were wont , for the most part , to impute their extream Loosnesses and Vomitings , rather to their own inordinate Eating , than to the Power of the Plague , then Raging ; and so , sought not Remedies against the invading Venome , but used particular Medicines , according as the present and ( by them thought ) only Occasion required . Whereas , on the Contrary , Those that lived Temperately , and were watchful over themselves , so as to take Remedies presently after the first Sense of any Assault of that Venome , and followed the Order before prescribed , very rarely miscarried . For , whole Families , that have been large and infected , have all escaped , through their proper Care , and Prudence , in duly observing the Directions above given . Yet , which is to be lamented , I have observed , that when Spots appeared , of what kind soever they were , the Nurses and Tenders of the Sick , seeing them , were seized with so great amazement , that they forsook all their former Care , insomuch as they gave up their Patients for dead ; thô those Spots were not the direct Signs of Mortality . For all I have seen , having such Spots , ( except One ) did recover . But that Spot , which whosoever was seiz'd with dyed under it , had a round Circle , dark blew , and green , ( after the manner of Mixtions of Colours in the Rain-bow ) and in the Center thereof a Crimson Spot , that felt hard under the Finger , in comparison of the Softness of the other Flesh. This , in that Plague , was the infallible token of sudden Death : Therefore such Spots were rightly called Tokens . Of the Griping of the Guts . THis Disease , for some Years ( especially the first ) after the Plague , did sufficiently manifest it self to be a Relict of that Popular Distemper : For this Malady Exceeded all other acute Distempers ; the Patients , afflicted therewith usually dying at the third or fifth day . The reason of this , was because the Veins opening , the Bloud flowed out , like a Torrent , and passing through the Guts , no laudable Excrement could be seen in the Stools , but Bloud , and a Gelly-like Matter , that smelt like boyled Horns . The Pains were excessive , Stools almost continual , thô in small Quantities ; and until such time as by the power of Nature alone , or through the help of proper Medicines , the Bloud was restrained , the Gelly-like-Matter lessened , and Excrements laudable ( both in Odour and Existence ) began to appear , this Disease was never cured . My Method of Cure. Upon the first Assault , or great Gripings , and appearance of Bloud , or Gelly-like-Matter in the Excrements , I gave my Pouder ( above specifyed in the Plague ) once every two hours , my Coralline Cordial once every hour , and applyed to the Belly Tripe parboyled , which was laid on warm ; and when that waxed Cool or Smelt , other warm parboyled Tripe was applyed . By this Method , the first Day the Bloud was restrained , and the Pain somewhat mitigated : The second Day , the Gelly-like-Matter lessened , and some appearance of Excrement shewed it self : And on the third Day , laudable Excrements were seen , and the Gelly-like-Matter disappeared . Then , by continuing the same Medicines , in the former Method , large Sweats were produced , which ( being continued in but one Day or two ) perfect Health succeeded . Nor did I ever know any One , from that time unto this very Day , perish by ahe Malignity of this Disease ; if they took my Medicines ( and begun with them at first ) according to this Order . The Order of Diet , by me prescribed in this Disease . I ordered Gelly of Hartshorn to be given to the Sick , and thin Broth made of Tripe or Sheeps-feet , with Bread ( not Oatmeal ) boyled in it : Beer and Wine I forbid , till the Disease slackned . I permitted Milk and Water , with Mallowes in it , to be frequently drunk , in small Quantities at a time . But , where great Thirst was , I allowed Posset-Drink , made white , ( not green ) with a little Canary , or Malago Wine in it . Remarks upon the Errors of Physicians at that time , in administring common Binders , Opiates , or other Restringents . In the Cure of this Disease , I deservedly rejected all Common Binders , or Restringents , too much at that time used by other Physicians , how specifical soever they were , or might be supposed to be ; because I discerned , that Nature , being enraged by the presence of that Corroding Venome , wanted only suitable helps , to restrain her own Exorbitances . I likewise rejected Opiats , because they were uncertain ; and thô they eased Pains , they cured not . For , I had well observed , in this Disease , That whensoever a forcible Stop was made , either by Opiats or Restringents , ( if Nature were not , at the same time very strong ) then Light-headedness and sudden Death followed . For , such Remedies , having no Power to expel the present Venome , did only Stop the Passages , by which Nature her Self intended to separate that Evil ; so that , instead of being natural Helps , they proved no other , than unnatural Introducers of Death . Of the Scurvy . THis being the general Disease of our Country , seemeth both Nurse and Tomb to all other Distempers . The last Plague was buried in it . For , when that Pestilence waxed more mild , it plainly exhibited Scorbutick Symptomes . The Lues is , by it , so masked , that its Original cannot be discerned . Autumnal Distempers are hid therein ; and every preternatural Disease , of what kind soever , if not radically expelled by suitable Remedies , discovers it self under a Scorbutick Form. Yea , Paternal Diseases , thô very various , do never appear without some Signs of the Scurvy commixed with them . Hence it comes to pass , that when Particular Remedies are applyed to Particular Parts , or the Vices of them , ( no General Medicine being in the mean time used ) thô they may cure or remove the particular offences of these or those Parts , yet it is but as the Cutting off the Hydra's Head , in stead of which many more appear . Now , as it is apparent , that all these Diseases are covered by the Scurvy ; so it is no less manifest , that the same Distemper doth both nurse and nourish them . For the Lues becometh more mild , through the dark cold and stupifying Nature thereof ; so that it doth not so often occasion great pains in the Bones between the Joynts , as were usual ( when the Lues was simple , and not complicated with the Scurvy ) but wandereth in the Nerves , disaffecteth the Brain , produceth Gouts of a new strain , Rheumatisms , Convulsions , Palsies , Vertigo's , Lethargies , Atrophea's , Lamenesses , &c. In every of these Diseases , thô particular , which by the Ancients ( according to what we read of former Ages ) were well known , and often cured ; yet , at this time , if they be remedied , it is rather casual , than real : because the greatest part of those Patients , that in our time have been thus afflicted , were never cured by any Medicines of the Ancients , unless in a long Series of time , where Nature her Self was the Sole and Principal Actor : but , by General Remedies , they usually obtained a safe and speedy Cure. For , it is clear , that when the Lues is new shaped , by the modifying power of the Scurvy , that the Remedies , usually successful in expelling and annihilating the Rage of that Disease , proved notoriously inimical to Nature ; by reason of the cruel Qualities of Mercury , by the power of the Venome of the Lues , made corporeal . Which Corporeity , where the Lues is simple , is found to be of great Use and Service in abating the Rigour of that Disease ; but when Scorbutical it rather increases , than lessens the same : as I my Self can ( by sad Experience ) testify ; and Hartmannus did many Years ago , in his own Practica Chymiatrica , and in his Annotations upon Crollius his Basilica Chymica , sufficiently manifest the Inimiciousness of Mercury to Persons in any measure afflicted with the Scurvy ; yet he highly praiseth the Virtue of Antimony in Scorbutick Distempers ; which plainly shews he had a true Sense of the different Nature of such Diseases and their Remedies . The Gouts of our time very rarely appear Simple . For in all my Practice , for 30 Years past , I never could discern above three Persons , afflicted with that Disease ( which in them was Hereditary ) that did exactly answer to the Descriptions of the Ancients : all the Other have appeared rather Scorbutical , than otherwise , and been by me cured after the same General Method above specifyed . But in every true Gout , simple and not complicated ( as in this our Day all such Distempers generally are ) the tormenting Pain thereof is only in the Joynt-Water , or Synovy between the Joynts ; not elsewhere : whereas these Complicated or Scorbutick Gouts are attended with Pains in the Muscles , Nerves , between the Joynts , and in the Vertebra of the Back , in the Os Sacrum , and Head ; Places never mentioned by the Ancients ( in all their Descriptions of that Disease ) as lyable to Arthritick Dolours , or more or less to be affected therewith . Therefore , Having thus far given a brief , but true , Definition of the Nature of the Scurvy , shewing how it intermixeth it self with other Distempers , disguising , changing and nourishing them ; I now proceed to Examples of Cures of the same Disease , as it hath manifested it self to Us , in these our Days , under several Forms . Example 1. A Man of good repute , having for some Years laboured under great debility of Faculties , with dejection of Spirit , and Leanness of Body , insomuch , that the Physicians he then used , concluded an Atrophea or Consumption to be present ; therefore , as the best Remedy for One in his Condition , they ordered him to suck his Wife's Breasts : This Means he used , and other Remedies by them prescribed , notwithstanding which , a general Lameness followed , with a Palsey , and great Convulsions , which wrought so great Confusion in his Physicians , that ( not knowing what to do further ) they gave him over for dead or uncurable . After which , Application being made to Me , when I had well weighed his deplorable State , heard what had been done , and saw the lamentable Effects thereof , I discerned that the Source of all was the Scurvy , and that nothing could alleviate that Evil , but Medicines of another Strain . Therefore , I first of all gave him my Scorbutic Cordial ( the Brain being deeply affected ) with my Pouder , repeating that once in six hours , and the Cordial as oft as he pleased . At Night going to Bed , I gave my Arcanum Metallorum , and my Scorbutic Tincture , 30 Drops at a time , in all his Drink , Day or Night . This Method being continued for some few Dayes , his Convulsions ceased , the Weakness of his Limbs began to abate ; and , instead of great Chilness and Coldness , that formerly attended , Warmth and Itchings began to discover themselves , and ( at last ) gentle breathing Sweats : by which Means , his Palsy was taken off , his lost Speech restored , by little and little he recovered the Use of his Limbs , and was at length wholly freed from his Disease , and lived ( thô alwayes a weakly Man ) Thirteen or Fourteen Years after . Example 2. An Aged Gentlewoman , afflicted with Rheumatism-like Pains , ( after an Autumnal Feaver ) which Physicians labouring to remove , by applying cooling and altering Things , did indeed take off the external Dolours ; but ( by their Remedies ) retracted the Matter causing those Pains inwards to the Bowels and Mouth of the Stomach ; which great Evil deprived her totally of the use of her Limbs . Whilst in this sad and deplorable State , being utterly given over , as a dying Person , or at least uncurable , by her Physicians , I was sent unto . When I came , and had well considered her Condition , and found her Stomach to be so very weak , as not able to retain a Glass of Sack , without rejecting the same suddenly by Vomit ; I did not in this Case ( as in Others ) give her my Pouder at first , but my Scorbutic Cordial and Scorbutic Tincture , as I saw Cause , and the Exigency of her present State required . When , by these Means , I discerned her Spirits to be somewhat enlivened , and her Stomach fortified in some competent measure , I then gave my Pouder once a Day , and my Arcanum Metallorum at Night . Having continued this Method for six or seven Dayes , I found her Water began to Change , and some Signs of Separation therein , whereby I judged her Digestion to be in some measure recovered . This Course I continued Day by Day for a long time together ; in which , I discerned that those Pains , which were before ( by their Medicines ) brought into her Belly and Mouth of her Stomach , were again retired outward : after which many Pustles came forth , and her Limbs by little and little gathered Strength ; and , about three quarters of a Year after , she recovered her pristine State of Health , and is now alive at this Day , thô several Years since . Example 3. Another Woman , thô Young ▪ yet through Convulsions was so drawn together , as to go almost double ; and when no Remedy could be had for her from other Physicians , she came to me . After I understood from her how it had been with her , I proceeded to the Cure as follows . I gave her my Pouder every Morning , my Arcanum Metallorum , and Arcanum Veneris at Night ; sometimes one , sometimes the other , as occasion was , and the Exigency of the Disease required ; not omitting to give my Scorbutic Tincture to be taken in all her Drink , during the whole time of the Cure. Continuing this Method , she was recovered in a short time , and is yet living , thô several Years since . Example 4. A Young Gentlewoman , afflicted with a great Congelation in the Sternon , always inclining her Head downwards to the Stomach , as if it had been contracted and forced thitherwards , never having the benefit of Sneezing , but long suffering great Palpitations of the Heart ; little or no Sleep , and such as was , much confused , continually under Terrour , and at the same time with Child ; sustaining this Misery until the time of her Delivery , and after that finding no Abatement of the Evil , notwithstanding the Advice of several Physicians , and the frequent Use of their Remedies , did at last send to me . I , finding her in that sad Condition , and understanding all the Remedies she had used to be fruitless and unsuccessful , discerned her Disease to arise from Congelation , under the Scorbutic Power . Therefore , the Fourteenth Day after her Delivery being come , I first gave her my Pouder , which quickly brought her to more sedateness , than she had found in some Months before , and the small Sleep , she then had , proved more refreshing than formerly , as she her self acknowledged . This Encouraged me to proceed , and She ( according to the Result of her own Reason and Judgment ) rationally submitted to the following Course . My Pouder was given once in 4 , or 6 hours ; my Scorbutic Tincture in all the Drink she took ; my Arcanum Veneris , and Arcannm Metallorum every Night alternately ; my Hysteric Cordial , and Hysteric Drops , upon every Occasion , or Exigency of Nature ; not neglecting other Cordials ( by intervals ) for support . This Method , being dayly continued , till Strength came , and she was able to move , did at last ( with a few other Auxiliaries ) accomplish the Cure so apparently , that the external Cutis all peeled off , her whole Mass of Bloud renewed , and she seemed unto All ( that knew her ) to have assumed a new Complexion , and Nature . Note : That this Woman had not Sneezed in 6 , or eight Months ; but upon the first Motion thereunto , the Congelation seemed to be much more easy , and afterwards she sneezed usually twice a Day , and by that Means the Contraction daily lessened , until it was totally dissolved . Also , among the various Scenes , that hapned in this Disease , there never was any Purgation by Stools and Vomits ; but the Distemper gradually vanished , by Transpiration , small Sweats , and Vrine , without any other sensible Evacuation thereof . And now she hath attained her full Strength , and perfect use of her Limbs , with as great Activity of Spirit , as did ever attend her before , and hath since conceived with Child . It cannot rationally be expected I should here set down every Accident , that hapned , and the particular Auxiliaries I used , in this and the other Scorbutic Diseases before spoken of : because , so doing , I should extend this Treatise to too great a Bulk , and render it less serviceable ( by augmenting the Price ) than otherwise , as by me intended , it is like to prove . I could also here subjoyn many more Examples of Scorbutic Distempers by me Cured , after the former Method ; but for the same Reason I omit them , and proceed to Examples of Cures performed in other Diseases no less deplorable . Of Palseys . PAlsies are four-fold , and therefore have rightly obtain'd four distinct Denominations , as follows : Palseys of Contraction , Palsys of Resolution , Numn-Palsyes , and Shaking Palsyes ; which two last are partly resolved , and partly congealed , therefore cannot be ranged under either of the former . Of the Cure of these , by four Examples only , I intend to speak , with as much brevity , as the Subject Matter it self can admit . Example 1. Of a Contracted Palsy . A Mayden Child , about Ten years old , having her Arms and Legs drawn together , and her Neck drawn of one Side , ( this being certainly known to every Physician , to be a Paralytic Contraction ) I began at first , as I had done in other Cases , with my Pouder , giving it twice the first Day , and at Night my Arcanum Metallorum . This Method I continued Day by Day , using frequently my Mixtura Simplex , given five or six times every Day . Sometimes I gave her my Volatile Spirit ( not the fetid acid Phlegm ) of Tartar , in all her Drink . By which Method , in three Weeks time , there seemed to be some Amendment , the Nerves were more relaxed , the Head began to ake backward , and a Warmth more than usual in that Part ; and this descended down by the Back-bone . Soon after this appeared a Drivling in the Mouth . After the Pouder had been taken for a Month , it began to work every Day , and wrought a whole Month after by Vomit and Stool alternately : yet still , with Increase of Strength , and Restoration of Faculties . And , in about ten or twelve Weeks time , she was perfectly restored to her pristine State of Health , and is since married , hath had Children , and is alive at this time . Note . In this whole Cure , no other Medicines ( than what are above specified ) were used , except a Resolving Oyl , and that only for the first three or four Weeks , untill the Powder began to work ; then I ceased the use thereof . Example 2. Of a Resolved Palsy . IN Resolution of the Members of a Male Child , where all the Nerves were relaxed , so that Arms ; Legs , and Neck , hung like Parts , that never had Capacity of Motion ; I used only my Powder , and my Arcanum Metallorum for three or four Weeks together , and the Child by little and little gathered strength , and was at length perfectly recovered ; is since become a strong man , and alive at this day . Example 3. Of a Numn Palsy . A Man of Seventy years of Age , was numned all over one side , his Speech for the present quite taken away ; but coming to me , and taking my Medicines presently ( having long before been my Patient ) he was cured in three Weeks time , in manner thus : I gave him my Powder twice a day , and my Arcanum Metallorum every night , with my Scorbutick Tincture in all his Drink . This Method being followed , in the first three days he could move some of his Fingers ; and so , Strength and Heat coming gradually into every Part , about the tenth day he began to drivel , and the Powder to operate so , that he had loose Stools every Day ; and soon after recovered his Speech , and the perfect Use of his Limbs , and is yet alive , though about Ten years since . Example 4. Of a Shaking Palsy . A Lad , about 14 years of Age , labouring under an Autumnal Feaver , fell into a Palsy , having a continual Shaking , with strong Convulsions also attending . To him I gave ( as to Others I had don ) my Powder , my Arcanum Metallorum , my Mixtura Simplex , and the Arcanum of Antimony prescribed by Basilius . By which Medicines , used after my former Method , he was perfectly restored in a short time . Of Convulsions . COnvulsions take beginning , either from an unnatural Fermentation of the Juyces of the Body , whereby every Vessel or Organ is overmuch disturbed ; or by particular Compunction or Compression of the Nerves contracted ; or else from Nature's true Sense of what is fit to be separated from the Parts offended , and her Endeavour to separate the same ; as is apparent in the Beginnings of the Small Pox , where the nutritive Juyces are condensed , by reason of the Morbific Ferment , and so made unfit for the Nutrition of the Spirits , and the necessary Separation appertaining thereunto ; being wholly uncapable to be distributed to the Parts . Here Nature , regularly acting , makes Convulsions , which open the Nerves , and render that Diseasy Ferment fit to become the Matter of the Small Pox , or Feavers : for , so soon as the Convulsions cease , the Small Pox appears ; as is sufficiently evident by the Events : and it is apparently manifest , that such Convulsions are sooner Perioded , than the Ideal . And althô the Small Pox or Feavers be very Malignant ; yet it is rare to see any One fail under those Distempers where Convulsions have preceeded : thô a Convulsion happening after those Diseases , is most frequently Mortal . For , the first is the result of Nature's strife against the Disease ; but the other ( the Disease being annihilated , and Nature overcome ) ariseth from the Terror of Death , of which it is a general Prodrome . Also , the Superfluities , that Children bring with them into the World , are the occasional Causes of those many Convulsions , that attend them in their Infancy . For , they being Retents of the Maternal Nourishment , which ( coming then first under the Dominion of the Stomach of the Infant ) cannot not be received as a Guest , but are rejected , and opposed as an Enemy to Nutrition ; and if not subdued in the Act of the first Digestion , by Vomiting , or Stools , Red or White-Gum , &c. they become the Matter of long continuing Convulsions . Likewise , in Breeding Teeth , Convulsions often happen ; For , by the Compression or Punction of the Nervous Fibres in the Gums , made by the ingrowing Teeth , Nature is enforced to make Convulsions , that the Teeth may break through those Fibres , impeding their forth-coming . But most lamentable are the Ideal Convulsions , which have their Original from Terror , Frights , or Fears : For the Spirit , by the amazement they infer , produceth a dark Image , or Impression , by which it is overwhelmed , and so driven to irregular Actions , which occasion uncertain Events ; because being surprized with Stupor , and not knowing what to do , it doth nothing to right purpose , by reason of the variety of Imaginations which ( in these Cases ) are as various as the Conceptions of the mind can be . Of the Cure of Convulsions , that happen before the Small Pox , &c. In the Cure of these Convulsions , I generally use my Pouder once in six hours , by which the rigour of them is usually abated ; but , if in a short time the Convulsions be not lessened by the use thereof ; then I give my Arcanum Metallorum , or my Arcanum of Camphire ( administring either of them , as I see Cause ) and repeat the Dose once an Hour , till the Convulsions cease . Note : Here it is to be observed , that even in these Convulsions ( where my Medicines are used ) the Fits are more frequent , but shorter , until wholly annihilated , and the Small Pox appears . Of the Cure of Convulsions from Relicts of Maternal Nourishment . These Convulsions rarely happen , where my Pouder is given to Children , so soon as they are born , and often repeated ; and if they do afterwards arise , such Convulsions are soon and easily taken off , by the Use of other Medicines prenominated . But , where Convulsions happen in Children , that have not had the Benefit of such Remedies ; there I must confess the Work to be long , and irksome , requiring Soundness of Judgment in the Physician , because of the great Variation , that happens therein ; but more especially , by reason of the Dissatisfaction of Parents and Nurses , seeing the Fits more frequent , thô much shorter , when under my Cure : For , I once knew a Child , so afflicted that had an hundred Fits in one Day ; and this continued ten Days together , the number not lessening ; yet , with this Advantage , ( notwithstanding the Fits were so numerous ) that the Child became daily more lively , and each Fit shorter and shorter . After the Tenth Day , this Child had no more Fits ; but was constantly attended with Breathing Sweats unto perfect Recovery . Note : In Cure of this Child , I used the same Medicines as before ; but not without other peculiar Auxiliaries , too long to be here recited : nevertheless I purpose to speak of them , when I write ( as I intend hereafter ) of Particular Diseases , and the Remedies I used in Cure of the same . Of the Cure of Convulsions in Breeding Teeth . In the Cure of these Convulsions , I have by Experience discerned , that thô the former Medicines were effectually helpful in this Case ; yet , if Incision also were not used , the Cure was not so easily compleated . Of the Cure of Ideal Convulsions . In Ideal Convulsions , I have experimentally found my Pouder , and my Arcanum Veneris , to be of general Use and Service ; but could not ( so speedily as I desired ) compleat the Cure by them , without the help of particular Auxiliaries . For , in these Convulsions , the Variety of Idea's is so great , that it requires a Judicious Application of various Specificks . Of Lethargies , Coma's , and Apoplexies . These Diseases have all their Original from one dark and stupefactive Source , where the Gates of Sleep continually stand open : for such as are afflicted with them , are either troubled with over-much Drowsiness , or oppressed with Sleeps too profound . These Distempers differ only in the Degrees of their Power : In the two first , there are only subtile Vapours , ( by the Schools called smoaky ) which having their Assent from the Diseasy Power of Darkness in Us , do after an obtuse manner stifle the Natural Faculties ; but in the Latter , viz. Apoplexies , they more intensly act , and materially by Bloud , or otherwise suppress the Faculties of Life , and so absolutely overwhelm all the Powers of Nature , that the Body ( or the Spirit thereof ) becomes wholly Insensible . I have great Reason to speak of these Diseases in this manner , having been much exercised therein . If called in the beginnings of them , I have found them to be sooner removed , than several other Distempers of less danger : for if the Spirit can be timely excited , to strive against the Evil , they quickly vanish . What Medicines are helpful to One , are really helpful to All , the Dose only considered : but I never found , in any of these Cases any other than general Remedies to be profitable , or available in exciting Nature to free her self from the imimpending Danger ; therefore Generally , In Order to Curation , I here begin with my Cephalic Drops , which I give once , and a little while after they have been taken , my Arcanum Metallorum ; and 6 hours after that my Pouder , and so interchangeably using my Pouder and Arcanum , except that sometimes ( as I see cause ) instead of my Arcanum Metallorum , I give my Arcanum Veneris . I proceed always giving my Cephalic Drops once every hour , during the whole Cure , which is usually compleated in three Dayes time ; during which , Sweats rarely happen , until the Drowsiness be wholly over ; but now and then loose Stools . And in real Apoplexies , Nature stirs up Vomitings , Sneezings , Bleedings at Nose , or else expels by Urine great Quantities of insipid Water void of Odour . Note : Where Vomitings are , which usually precede an Apoplexy , if any Physician endeavour to restrain such Vomitings , or the Patients themselves be unwilling to bear them , then they inevitably fall under the Burthen of that Disease . A particular Example of the Method I used in the Cure of a Lady of Sixty nine years of Age. THis Lady alwayes dreading an Apoplexy , by reason her Relations had often dyed of the same ; desired I would give Order , in Case of a sudden Assault , what should be used Whereupon I left with her Woman some of my Arcanum Metallorum , giving charge , That if the Lady were suddenly taken with Vomiting , o● Lightheadedness , she should give that to her first , and not the Pouder , thô she was formerly used to take it ; and to send immediately away for me , because she then lived four Miles ou● of London . This Assault happening my Arcanum given , and I sent for , ● hastning thither , found her drowsie , thô the Cold and Stupidity were somewhat less , than before the taking what I had left for her . I then gave her the Arcanum Antimonii Basilii ; which is not used or known by any one else that I can tell : After the taking of which , Warmth increased , a little Sneezing hapned , Vrine came away abundantly ; insomuch , that in six hours time , there was above 3 Pints of Water received , void of all Urinous Odour , or Saline Tast. The Head grew hot , Bloud issued by Drops at the Nosethrils ; these Actions happened in the first six hours after the Assault . After this , the Spirit became more lively , and the Bloud more frequently issued out at Nose and Mouth , which continued more or less for three daies together : In the mean time her Sleeps were short , but refreshing . Then my Pouder was given every 4 hours , my Arcanum Metallorum once in 12 hours , and my Cephalic Cordial once an hour . And in four daies time , all Symptomes of the Disease vanished , Weakness only remained . Note : This Cure being taken in hand before the Brain was fully stupified , the Remedies had the greater Effect ; for I have ( to my Grief ) too often seen the same Medicines prove useless , thô the Dose was given in a threefold Quantity ; and where they were serviceable to prevent the Evil , they did not bring away so much Bloud , but caused Sneesings , and Vrine in like Quantity , and Frequency . Also I have observed , that Direct Vomitories , given in this Disease , ( as they too often are ) are as dangerous , as things repressing Vomits , before the Patient is throughly seized with the Disease ; but after the Stupor is at its height , a forcible Vomit , if it operate strongly enough , may do good , otherwise the Patient certainly dies . The same may be said of Sacrification , Phlebetomy , ( thô that carry a seeming Conveniency in Sanguineous Apoplexies ) Blistering , Clysters , and other forcible things , which cannot separate the Sanguineous Matter , except accidentally only ; therefore are uncertain helps ; whereas Medicines of an Vniversal Tendency , and truly gifted , act just as Nature requires , and so frequently act with greater force and certainty , than any of a Specific operation can do . But there is too often a great failing in Physicians , that they discern not Apoplexies before they seize , and so cannot contribute help for preventing them ; which is much to be bewailed . Of Imposthumes . IMposthumes are as various as the Juyces of the Body , yet all of them have but one Original , which is the Retents of Superfluities , not capable to be separated without Apertion of the Skin ; except such Remedies be used that can further the Resolution of what is Congealed or Stagnized ; which Resolution , so procured , yields more ease to Nature , and is performed with less Anxiety , than when turned into Quitter . For it is clear , if Nature can separate things , without Corrupting them , her Government is not then much blemished ; in the performance of which , General Medicines are only capable to assist her . Here Books must be laid aside , all Recipes dis-esteemed , conclusive Judgment , and all Indications neglected , but Nature wholly tended , and referred to ; We in the mean while ( by a due application of suitable Remedies ) adding Light to her to act by , and Power to overcome the present Stagnization . For in so doing , the Scene is altered , and Nature rendred capable with ease to remove That , which before could not be removed , without too great Molestation . For the Wisest of Men , upon the first Appearance of a Tumor , cannot by any known Rule judge of Nature's Capacity or Propensity to determinate the Evil ; or whether it be more profitable to resolve , or suppurate the same . As is apparent in some Tumors , where by attempting Resolution , the subtillest or thinnest Parts being separated , the Remainder is so indurated , as not to be resolved or suppurated ; and so it becomes the same , that Chyrurgeons call a Schirrus . But , in suppurating Tumors , great Pains , Anguish , and different Symptomes , in differing forms of Heats , Colds , &c. often happen ; through the Distress Nature falls under , by reason of the Largeness of the Tumor , and the difficulty to bring such Evils to perfect Suppuration : and at last , unless they open themselves and be judiciously handled , they are often changed from one thing into another . For , 't is evident , that the Opening of some Tumors by Incision , and keeping them open by cramming in of Tents ( a Practice too often used ) doth either change the nature of the Tumor , or at least prolong the Cure. Whereas , in either Case ( viz. in Resolution , or Suppuration ) if Nature be well minded , no such Symptomes or Accidents happen . Now , if such Errors be committed , as is daily obvious they are , in External Imposthumes , how much more in the Internal ( I mean not those , that are internally caused by Contusion , or other Acts of Violence ; because of them I have elsewhere spoken ) which are never seen , or known , but by their Effects ? thô , in truth , every Internal Imposthumation hath the same occasional Cause , as the External have : For they , being also caused by the Relicts of Nourishment not separated , fall under the Laws of a disturbed , or sensible Spirit ; which makes so great Variety in them , not sensibly to be discerned by the Physician , that he must of necessity , either refer himself to the help of such virtual Remedies , as are capable to take off the Disturbance , and fortifie the sensible Power of right Distinction in Nature ; or he can never arrive to so much Satisfaction in himself , as ( Scientifically ) to declare how , or which way , the Disease is , or may be cured . This is , by reason of the great Uncertainty of the Inclination of Nature in these Cases : for sometimes shee seeks to resolve , or maturate the Relict , in the Place , where it is , which is a true natural Way ; at another time invirons the same with a Cistis , in order to Suppuration ; and at another Season , and in another Place , sends forth Bloud out of the Veins , intending thereby to separate that Retent ( without Digestion ) by the common Passages ; which , if stopped or letted by the way , quickly tends to Pus : and then ( if in that form it be separated ) the Irruption is so violent , that it sometimes proves mortal ; as is too frequently apparent by those Cataracts of Bloud and Matter , that ( in such Cases ) issue out by the Nosethrils , by the Vreters , by Vomiting , by Stools , and by the Womb. Here Nature her self erroneously acts , like those Physicians , who inconsiderately attempt to purge out Retents before they are digested , contrary to the Mind of Hippocrat●s , and the known Rule of Paracelsus , who saith , Every Disease ( to which I add , every Diseasy-Inclination ) ought to be cured in its own place . For 't is evident , that some Imposthumes are not wholly Sanguineous ; and the Retents , being rarely such , ( because the Veins as they have their own Valves , so they have their peculiar Passages to evacuate Superfluities by ) the Bloud that attends them , is rather in order to Resolution , than Putrefaction , provided Nature be in her own Path ; but if diverted therefrom , either through the want of Light in her self to act by , or the Physician 's Error ( in mis-application of Remedies ) those sad Effects , above spoken of , do inevitably follow . For every Retent , which Nature can neither resolve nor digest , ( being forsaken ) naturally corrupts , by the Heat and Moisture of the Place , and so maketh a real Imposthume : but Experience proves , that those Actions of Corrupting , may be prevented by a timely application of suitable Remedies ; as is apparent by the following Example . Where Relicts of preceeding Feavers are , there Nature sends Bloud to be materiated , to maturate by putrefaction the offending Evil , in order to its Expulsion ; but if prevented by due Medicines , and Transpiration happens , then no Putrefaction follows . For where proper Means are used , Bloud ( extra Vasa ) is not corrupted , but kept from putrefying , or otherwise resolved without Pus ; I my self having often seen Bloud after long extravasation coughed up dry and hard , without the least Sign of Putrefaction . Likewise every Vessel ( of what kind soever ) being over-filled , and Nature not capable to separate the same by the Common Passages ; that Fullness ( by her forsaken ) becomes the Matter of Imposthumes . Or if any Matter be stagnized , that also is liable to the same Transchangement , and produceth Effects as bad , or worse than the former ; as is sufficiently witnessed by the Dry Belly-Ache in the West-Indies ; and by some of our Country-Men afflicted with the Scurvey , in whom the Knots in their Nerves give a palpable Testimony , not only of Siagnization , but also of preternatural Congelation ; not much unlike to our knotty Gouis , or Tophuses in the Lues , which happen upon the Bones ; where , for want of Internal Attraction of the Parts , or External Separation from them , the nutritive Juice of the Parts is indurated , and thereby becomes the Matter it afterwards shews it self to be . For , when a floating Evil , or Diseasy Spirit undetermin'd , assaults the Life ; then Nature sends forth Bloud out of the Veins , to encompass that Spiritual Evil , to materiate the same , and so makes Fiery Phlegmones , and Diseases of like kind , which are true , real , and natural Imposthumes , proper Issues of her own Intentions . Of Fiery Phlegmones in general , and their Cure. I forbear to write particular Examples of these Diseases , because they are so numerous , so frequently cured by my Method , and so certainly known to the Patients themselves ; But in general the Tumors are large , the Blood ( at first appearance ) uncorrupted ; yet it is not long before great Pains , the Forerunners of Putrefaction , discover themselves . And thô at the first manifestation of these Tumors , when only a weight and burthen upon the life is perceived , letting Blood doth somewhat diminish the Tumor , and prevent Pain ; yet , if it have a diseasy Character , that doth not hinder the foregoing determination of Nature towards separation ; but allaying part of her fury , doth I acknowledge render the Suppurative Power less burthensome . But if Quitter be begun to be made , then Nature by Phlebotomy is hindred of her own Determination ; and being thereby weakened , languisheth , and labours to little purpose , making those Distempers tedious in suppurating ; whereas , had not that supposed Expedient been used , Suppuration would much more speedily have followed . The Cure. In the beginning of these Diseases ( whether inward , or outward ) if there be a tendancy to Pain , or no Pain , if a burthen be , I give my Powder once every 4 hours ; if Sweats happen after taking it , and the Pain be not great , the Tumor is soon resolved . But if there be real Matter made in these Tumors , then thô the Tumor seemingly decrease , yet the Impostumation cannot be hindred ; but doth quickly and suddenly come to maturity ; and being throughly ripened , is as suddenly cured , yet if Pains increase after taking the Pouder , I give my Arcanum Veneris once in 24 hours , and my Pouder ( as before is said ) once every 4 hours ; continuing this Course unto the end of the Cure. Note also , in External Cases , I apply my Resolving Cerot once in 12 hours . Of an Imposthume in the Liver , and its Cure. Being called to a Child 7 years of Age , having Hardness , Weight and Pain in his right Side , and a short Cough , with an unsavoury Odour ; which I strictly observed , and thence presently distinguished ( especially after I had compressed the Side of his Belly under the Ribs ) what the Disease was , and that the Seat of it was in the Liver ; yet , not willing to be happy in my own Distinction , I desired an intimate Friend of mine ( One of the honoured Society of the Colledge of Physicians ) to accompany mee , to see the progress of this Distemper ; which he observing , fully concurr'd with me as to the Seat of the Disease . The Cure hereof was thus perform'd ; The first day I gave my Pouder once in 4 hours , my Arcanum Veneris at Night , and my Aperitive Spirit in Drink , as often as the Child drank ; and outwardly I applied my Resolving Oyl . After the first or second Day ( continuing the same Method ) I found the Tumor did not increase in Magnitude , but the Dolour was much augmented , till two Nights were past . The third Night , the Pain lessened , and within a Day or two after , the Child being taken with great Sickness , and Vomiting , a large quantity of suppurated Matter was cast forth ; and no sooner was a cessation of that Vomiting , but great Coughing happened , whereby more of the same putrid Matter was plentifully spit up . After which , the Child falling to sleep , and resting , no more Vomiting followed ; but the Coughing and Spitting continued ( by Intervals ) for 3 daies together . This time expired , the Coughing began to abate , and the Urine thenceforth was filled with purulent Matter , which continued to come forth in great quantity ( with the Urine ) for 7 daies together , not seeming to be diminished in all that Time. About the eighth day happened a loose Stool ( the Child having been costive all the time before ) in which appeared the same purulent Matter , as was before separated by Vomiting , Coughing , and Urine . From that time , the Urine began to clear , and so continued clearing each Day unto perfect Recovery . In this Cure no other Medicines were used , than those above specified . Note : Notwithstanding this Child had Stools each day after his first loose Stool , yet ( except that once ) no Pus appeared in the Excrements . Also , it is worthy of Note , That during the whole Cure , no Bloud came forth with the purulent Matter ; a sufficient Testimony of the perfect Suppuration thereof . Of an Imposthume of the Stomach , and its Cure. A Young Woman coming to me , having great Dolour in her Stomach , and that largely extended to hardness on the outside , yet compressive ; notwithstanding the many Remedies she had taken ( according to the Judgment of her Physicians ) pro dolore Ventriculi , the Anguish of her Stomach increased , her Spirits languished , she was subject to great Heats and Colds , Hysteric Passions , Fumings in her Head , uncertain Sleeps , &c. indubitate Signs of an Imposthume present . In this Condition I took her into my Care , and proceeded in her Cure , as followes . I gave her my Pouder once in six hours for the first day , and my Arcanum Metallorum at Night ; and daily continued the same Method , with my Scorbutic Tincture in all her Drink . In 7 or 8 daies time , the Imposthume opening , she voided by Vomit a large quantity of Pus ; and for 4 or 5 daies after ( taking the Pouder ) vomited every day , and brought up part of the Cistis . At 5 daies end the Pouder wrought downwards , and the purulent Matter came away by Stools , with the remaining part of the Cistis . Note : Here was no Separation by Urine , for that was clear ( as the Urine of a sound Body ) during the whole time of the Cure. Of an Imposthume separated by Vrine . A Woman complaining of great Pains in the Sides of her Belly and Loyns , without any sign of Tumefaction ( sensibly perceived by her Self ) thô full of Pain and Torture ; when all Means failed , used by other Physicians , ( they judging her to be afflicted with Cholic-Passions ; because of the Heats , Colds , Tying up , and great Anguish she endured ) applyed her self to me . This deplorable Case of hers , not being at all obvious to my Distinction , and finding no place for any peculiar Remedy , I gave my Pouder first , as in other Cases I had usually done ; and ( because the Pain was in the descending Parts ) my Aperitive Drops in all her Drink , and my Arcanum Metallorum . The Pouder I gave but once in a day , and the Arcanum every Night . This Method I continued for 10 daies ; in which time the Pains daily lessened , and all bad Symptomes vanished . Yet , being careful , that no Relict might be left , I appointed the same Medicines to be taken , in the same Order , for 4 daies longer ; in which space of time came away by Urine a little long Bag ( some Drops of Bloud preceeding the exit thereof ) in which was contained Matter perfectly suppurated . Notwithstanding this , she continued the Use of the Pouder , for some Weeks after , unto perfect Recovery . Note : Here , in this Cure , was no Separation made , but by Urine only . Of an Imposthume in the Head , and its Cure. A Man of middle Age , having weight , puncturing and a Swimming in his Head , being perswaded to take my Medicines , used them for a small time according to my Order ; but , finding his Pain to increase , refused to be longer governed by my Directions . After this , taking Advice of Others , he used Sternutories , whereby issued by the Nostrils a very small quantity of Bloud and Matter . These Remedies not producing that Ease he expected , his Physicians advised him to Purge ; in the doing of which , appeared both Matter and Bloud in his Excrements : and , thô the Purge was very gentle , yet this Loosness continued upon him for several daies , infering so great Weakness of Body , that he was not able to walk the length of a Room . Bloud and Matter issued at every Stool , and the Torment then was greater in his Belly , than in his Head. He languishing thus , and himself and his Friends discerning their own Inadvertency , to follow a specious ( but groundless ) Hope of the Advantage of Separation by Stools ; and finding his Weakness greater than before , referred themselves a second time to me . Then I gave my Pouder every 2 hours , my Coralline Cordial once an hour ; which Medicines , thô they did somewhat ease the Pain in the Belly , and lessen the Quitter which was exonerated with the Excrements ; Yet was it full 10 daies time , before a stop was put to this unnatural way of Separation . Note : As the Dolour of the Patient's Belly decreased , the Pain of his Head increased ; and then , to his own Sense , his Head was seemingly extended . Perceiving this , I every Night gave my Arcanum Veneris , and the Pouder every 4 hours : Then in 4 , or 5 Daies the Imposthume in the Head opened afresh , yielding through the Nostrils and Mouth an indifferently large quantity of Matter , but imperfectly concocted ; together with small pieces of Skin , and at last so much skin , as extended upon a Trencher , was as large in length , as the Trencher it self . Afterwards more small pieces of skin came away ; but in Conclusion , nothing except Bloud and Matter was vented , till the extirpation thereof . Of an Opened Imposthume in the Head , and its Cure. A Woman middle-aged , having for some Months laboured under the great trouble of an Imposthume opened , as was manifest by the fetid Matter , that flowed from her Nostrils and Mouth , having so great a Swimming in her Head , that she could not go half a Flight-shot , without resting ; and so great a Sense of Fulness in her Head , that ( putting her Finger into her Ear ) she could feel the floating Matter moveable ; after all endeavors had been used , by Errins , Purgations , Drying-Drinks , and whatsoever other Means her Physicians thought most fit to be practiz'd ; the Putrefaction being not changed , nor the Fluctuation stopped , she applyed her self to me . In this Case , I used nothing but my Pouder twice a day , for several daies together , and my Aperitive Drops in all her Drink during that time . By the continued Use of these Means , her Head seemed ( to her ) more lightsome ; that ill Savour of the descending Matter was almost totally extinct . Then , I gave my Arcanum Metallorum , after which a Gleety-Water flowed a great while , but void of savour . This Method I continued for almost 9 Months after ; in which Time all that Distemper seemed to be subdued , and Nothing remained , except an ill Habit , under a Scorbutic Form ; against which I administred what was formerly specify'd to be proper in Scorbutic Distempers . By which Remedies , her Head was reduced to its pristine state , Weakness only continuing in that Part. This Cure was performed many Years since . Note : It is impossible to write of all particular Cases of Imposthumes , ( thô very briefly , they being so numerous , and daily presented ) without enlarging the present Work to too great a Volume ; therefore I refer the Reader to the Reasons urged by me in the foregoing Prologue to these Examples : because the Medicines ( by me used ) are one and the same in every kind of Imposthume ; without other Variation , than what occasional Accidents may cause me to use . Of Feavers , Putrid , Malignant , Epidemical , or Accidental . All these Feavers are so well known , and so frequently happen , that they need no Description : for , whether the Patients be taken with Chilness , Head-ach , Vomiting , Pain in the Back , or other Symptomes ; they are all ( by me ) cured after one and the same Method , with small , or very little Variation . I alwaies give my Pouder , in the beginning of these Distempers , and order the same to be repeated every four hours . And then , if a tendency to Putrefaction be in the Chyle , the Pouder either makes Vomits , or stops them : Yet , in these Cases , Sweats do not suddenly follow the taking the Pouder , till all the putrefactive Disposition is removed ; however , on the fourth day a laudable Hypostasis will appear in the Vrine : after which time , constant Sweats follow unto the end of the Cure , which ( if my Simplex be daily used with the Pouder ) is usually compleated on the 7th Day . But , in Epidemics , that are continual , if the Patients take the Pouder so soon as they are seized with Shiverings , then Sweats quickly follow ( unless the Chyle be infected ) without Vomiting , or Loosness : and if the Pouder be repeated once in four hours , it rarely happens , that the Cure is not finished , on the third , fourth , or fifth Day at farthest , if the Sweats ( coming forth in the mean time ) have not been check'd . Note : That in Cure of these Feavers ( viz. Putrid and Epidemic ) I administer all things , as in the former Plague ; except my Aqua-Pestilentialis , and some other things only fitted for that present Necessity . Of Feavers continual , and intermitting , complicated , and of Feavers simply Intermitting . In these Continual Feavers , thô stronger Paroxysmes daily be , or every other day ; yet , in the Intermissions the Feaver is not wholly off . Nevertheless , in these Cases , I follow the same Method , as in the other Feavers , with this Variation only , viz. That I give my Simplex ( or Febrifugal Drops ) once in an hour or two ; both in the Paroxysme , and Intermission . This Order being observed , these Feavers are generally terminated , at the third or fourth Fit : at which time usually 3 , or 4 loose Stools happen , just upon the Separation of the Febrile Power . In Intermitting Feavers , where no constant Continuance is , between the Paroxysmes , I also give the same Medicines , thô not in the same Quantity , and have alwaies found them to answer the Ends of Nature ; unless , by Irregularity of Patients , their proper Effects have been impeded . Therefore , in these Cases , I could never see any just necessity for the use of the Peruvian Bark , call'd the Jesuits Pouder : for what Repute soever that Bark hath got in the World , the Merit thereof is as yet undiscerned by me . By my Medicines , both Spirit and Matter are separated , and not lockt up together , as by the Peruvian Bark they alwayes are . For , I have by Experience discerned more grievous and long adhering Calamities to follow the use thereof , ( especially in Quartanes , or Malignant Feavers ) than those Diseases themselves would ever have left . Yet , I deny not , but that sound People ( of haile Constitutions ) where no Malignity is , having Intermitting Feavers , may receive benefit , by the taking off the Fits by that way ; provided Nature her Self be strong enough to subdue the Relicts afterward ; otherwise not . Of Quartanes . These Feavers , according to my Opinion , are far better and much more safely Cured without ; than with the Jesuits-Pouder ; because I never found their long Continuance prejudicial to Nature ; except where Nature her self , or Physicians , have inferred Dammage , by not resolving Matter , and Spirit , at the same time ; therefore , I here speak no further of them . Likewise of Small Pox and Meazles , Diseases very well known , I forbear to write any thing ; except this observation , That their Malignity is somewhat abated , their Matter diminished , and the Patients continue in Sweats most of the time , by the use of my Medicines : And of Convulsions , preceeding the said Small Pox , I speak not here , because they are sufficiently treated of in the Chapter of Convulsions . Of Diseases of the Womb. Having hitherto said nothing of those grievous Infirmities , incident to Women only , that arise from the Inordinacies , Defects , and Distemperatures of the Matrix , ( which hath a peculiar Government in their Bodies ) and generally prove to be more frequent , lamentable , and dangerous , than most or all of the other Diseases above treated of ; I thought it highly necessary here to subjoyn a peculiar , plain , and succinct Discourse of them , shewing what Remedies I used , and the Method I alwaies observed in Cure of the same Of Imbecillity of the Womb. I call that an Imbecillity , when the Matrix is not capable of Conception ; or after Conception , hath not strength sufficient to retain the Embryon . Both these do naturally arise , either from some superfluity adhering to the Part , or through Indisposition of the Archeus thereof : The One of these is Spiritual , the Other Material . The Spiritual is evident by the Proneness of the Archeus ( or Spirit of Life ) to form a too great Contraction , or overmuch Laxation in the Part : the Material is sensibly obvious , by overmuch Moysture , or extream Dryness . That , which is material , consisting of those Excesses of Dryness and Moysture , is remedied by my Pouder taken twice a day , three Daies before the , Monthly Flux , and during that flowing , and for three daies after . This Method being observed for two or three Months , those Weaknesses are for the most part removed , and the Womb rendred apt to perform those natural Offices , it could not do before . But , in Contractions and Laxations of the Womb ( most true Effects of the Errour of the Spirit , or Archeus , of the Part ) there is no Observation of time required : only , when such Patients come to me , I order them to take my Pouder twice a Day , for three Daies together ( all the said three daies ▪ and during the whole time of their Cure , taking my Scorbutic Tincture , 20 Drops at a time , in all the Drink they drink ) and when the three first dayes are expired , I give one Dose of my Arcanum Veneris , every Night going into Bed , and my Pouder every morning following ; always keeping this Method , till the Evil be sensibly removed . Other Accidents , that may inter●een , during such Cures , cannot well be described here ; but must be referred to the Judgment of Physicians , to apply their helping-hand whensoever they do occur . Of Miscarriages . But , because ( in the former Paragraph ) I but tacitely hinted at Abortion , where I spake of the Imbecillity of the Womb , to retain the Conceived Embryon , I think it needful here to express my self further , touching such like Accidents attending Women with Child ; of which , some are false Conceptions , with the true ; others only Tendency to Abortion ▪ without any false Conception ; in both which , I intend to declare , what hath been my Judgment and Practice , candidly and freely , and how ▪ I have cured , or helped the same ▪ Where false Conceptions have been ( in Women with Child ) which were usually followed with great Floudings rendring the Parties doubtful , whether they had conceived or not ; gave my Pouder often , till the Flou●ding ) ceased . Then ( if the Embryon wa● not too much injured by that Flouding ) the false Conception was explled and the true preserved . And , because in this Case , there is often great Faintings , I ordered my Scorbutic● Tincture to be given , 20 Drops at a time ( in Drink ) once in 2 , or 3 hours ▪ where no false Conception was , and yet a Tendency to Abortion , perceivable by the falling of the Womb and Pains attending , I gave my Pouder once in four hours ; And if i● twelve hours the Pains ceased , th● continued use of my Pouder perfectly cured , without other helps : but if ( as sometimes hap'ned ) those Symptomes vanished not , I gave one Dose of my Arcanum Veneris , at night , and six hours after my Pouder , then I applyed my Histerick Plaster to the Navel , and by these means compleated the Cure. Yet , where Abortion unavoidable hap'ned ; I ( by Experience ) found the continued observation of my Method above prescribed ; with the Addition of my Hysterical Spirit , did certainly take off all Relicts of the said Abortions without prejudice to the Party . Of Child-bearing . If Child-bearing Women , before the Birth , have Floudings , and no Pain , and yet the Child be right ; the taking the Pouder stops Floudings , brings on Pains ( if the time of the Birth be fully come ) and causeth an happy Delivery . But , if the Child be not right , ( for which there is no help but the hand ) then if the due time of the Birth be not fully come , the same Medicine , stops Floudings , and represseth Pains till the natural time of Delivery approacheth . When that comes , and the Child is Born , I give the same Pouder ( according to the Child-bed Womans strength , or the Exigency of Nature ) either every two , four , or six hours to overcome the After-pains ; which it certainly in a short time takes off . Also if false Conceptions remained in the Womb after the Birth , or ( through Ignorance , or Carelesness of the Midwife ) any part of the After-burthen were left ; none of these did ever putrify ( but were naturally expelled ) where my Medicines were used : For I certainly know , that all such Relicts were safely expelled ( without putrefaction ) if my Pouder , Hysterick Cordial , and Hysterick Drops were taken according to my order . Yea , I have by long Experience known , that where my Pouder was continually used ( twice a Day ) by Women lying in , during the whole Month , they always found greater strength and liveliness , than could be discerned in others , not taking the same Medicine ; thô the green Water continued longer in such , than in those , unto whom none of my Pouder had been given . Therefore ( to prove the certainty of these Medicines ) I can most truly assert , that never any Woman using them in the manner above prescribed , died in Child-bed ( of the Diseases of Child-bearing ) from the beginning of my Practice unto this very Day under my Hands . Of Floudings in General . Floudings , so well known , and too often lamented , are frequently stopped , but never cured , by Particular Remedies : Therefore , in such Cases , I give my Pouder once in two or four hours , and continue the use thereof , in the same Method , till the Floudings cease , which usually is in a day or two after the first administration of the Medicine ; also all Acrimonies ( occasioned by those Floudings ) are taken off , and the Cure happily effected by the use of that Remedy only ; which performs not this by a forcible stopping or binding , ( as particular Medicines usually do , ) but by inciting Nature to free her self from that Inordinancy ; which being done every natural Evil , usually attending such Floudings , is certainly removed : For Nature , assisted thereby , permits not the Bloud to corrupt in the Womb ; through the Acrimony of which foul Vlcers are often formed , nay , sometimes Sphacela's are induced , and other Evils , to the ruin of the Patient . But , because what is hitherto written , will unto most men seem only an Historical Relation of Womb-Diseases in general ; no particular Cure being hereunto annexed ; I therefore now descend to a more plain Demonstration , particularly proving , by several Examples , the Power and extraordinary Service of my Remedies , when used as is fit , in those sad and deplorable Cases above mentioned . Example . 1. Of an Imposthume in the Womb of a Woman with Child . A Woman , about seven Months gon with Child , was afflicted with great Pain and Torture in her Womb ; which manifested the proper Signs of a contra-natural Cause existent , by Issue of Bloud ( not Flouding-like , but by Driblings ) at last of Quitter . Upon these apparent Signs of a suppurated Imposthume , I was sought for and hearing what had hap'ned , could not but give Judgment of an Imposthume present . Yet , having read Hipocrates ( of whose Sincerity and deep Skill , in curing Diseases of his time , no Prudent Man , unto this day , doubts ) and finding him to proclaim Imposthumes , and Vlcers of the Womb , not curable in Women with Child , I was very loath to be concern'd in this Case : but , Importunity and Necessity overweighing , I adventur'd to apply my self to the Cure. In order to which I first gave my Pouder , once in 8 hours , and my Arcanum Veneris , at Night going into Bed. This Method was continued every Day , without other Medicines ( except some small Cordials for Support ) unto the time of her Delivery . During which space of Time , after the taking these Medicines , Matter flowed each Day more than other , for a great part of that time ; in which time her Pains nevertheless vanished , and she grew more lively , than before ; but when the time of her Delivery drew near , the Matter , that came forth , was less and less each day . After Delivery , I viewing the Bag , in which the Child had been contained , did plainly discern the Compass of the Imposthume , and some part of the Matter unresolved , upon the Out-side of the Bag. But afterwards to this same Woman , so well delivered of a Sound and well proportioned Child , I gave my Medicines ( all the time of her lying in ) in the same Method , as is above prescribed ; and she recovered Strength , and after this had several other Children , and is now alive , tho this hap'ned fourteen years since . Example 2. Of a Dropsy in the Womb of a Woman with Child . A Woman with Child , before quickning , being swelled ( to outward appearance ) like one ready to be delivered , sent for me : I seeing the Woman , and hearing how it was with her , could not but be amazed , and doubt of the reality of her Conception . Nevertheless because . I well knew the certainty , and effecacious Power of my Medicines ( above specified ) in Cases no less deplorable , I rejected all thoughts of particular Remedies , and applyed my self to that general Method I had formerly used . Accordingly , I gave my Pouder , Night and Morning , for three days ; yet no separation hap'ned during that time ; but the Woman found her self somewhat more lively than before . The fourth Day , I gave my Arcanum Metallorum , and the following Morning my Pouder : That Day came forth a Dribbling of Water , and the next Day more . This Method I continued , and , in three Days time after , more than too Gallons of Water , was voided , and the Dropsy separated . Then I ordered the Pouder to be taken Night and Morning , until Quickning ; and all the time after of her being with Child , I prescribed to her the same Pouder , to be taken a Day or two at a time , whensoever any Appearance of a Return of the Dropsy was ; and , by this means , she went out her full time , had a sound Child , and several Children after , and hath continued Well and in Health for about these seven Years since . Example 3. Of an Vlcer in the Womb. In this sad Case , the Neck of the Womb was tumified , uneven , hard in one place , tender in another , and raw in a third ; as was clearly testified by divers Midwifes then present : The Sanies , that flowed from thence , was Red , Yellow , and greenish White . In Cure of this Woman , I gave my Pouder every Day once , and at Night my Arcanum of Metals , and ( perhaps ) the next Night my Arcanum Veneris , changing them as I saw occasion ; but my Pouder I always gave once a Day . During this Cure , many Changes and Accidents hap'ned , to which I applied particular Remedies , too long to be here incerted . After some Series of time , all these Accidents vanished , and the suppurated Matter by little and little abated , and at length perfect Health followed . This Woman after her Recovery Conceived , and hath had several Children since , and is alive at this day . This Cure was performed about seven Years ago . Example . 4. Of a Tumified Womb. A young Woman , labouring under a natural Deficiency propagated to her , striving to extrude it self by Hemeroids and Piles , being also at the same time afflicted with a Tumified Womb , hard and sore , so that she could not possibly bear the Congress of her Husband ; and having long sustained this Calamity , and finding the Remedies of other Physicians useless , applied her self to me . I streight , in order to her Cure , gave her my Pouder every Morning , and my Arcanum Veneris , every Night , appointing my Scerbutick Tincture to be taken in Drink , by twenty Drops at a time , as often as she drank . And this Method was continued for full four Months ; after which time she quickly Conceived with Child , and hath ever since remained well , though she were cured of this Malady divers Years ago . Example . 5. Of a Mola . Being called to a Woman , labouring under great Floudings , who conceited her self to be with Child ; when I had observed the great quantity of Bloud , that came from her , the Midwife ( then present ) gave me an account of the closure of the Womb ; and so , an Impossibility of distinguishing the Concern . I finding her Case such , caused the Pouder to be given twice in one hour ; in which time , the Flux of Bloud began to stop , and the Womb to open a little , yet no more than sufficed to admit the Midwifes finger to distinguish somewhat unusual . Whereupon I desired her to give me some more plain Testimony of what she felt ; and by her words I judged it to be no Child . And as I judged , so it proved : for , when the Midwife could somewhat better reach , what she had before touched , she brought forth a Gleuy Matter , white and clear : I , seeing this , ordered her to bring it away as fast as she could ; but , she ( having no more place open , than for one Finger to enter ) brought it away by piece-meal , I giving some Cordial for support to the afflicted Woman , in the mean time . This Matter I caused ( when as much was brought away , as possibly could be by the Midwifes Finger ) to be put into a Bason of Water , where it joyned all together , and seemed in quantity to be no less than a Quart would contain . Now because ( without force ) the Womb could be no further opened , the Remainder was left to the power of Medicine . Therefore I gave my Pouder every hour for twenty four hours ; at the end of which , this sadly distressed Woman began to be pretty sedate and quiet , and no Bloud appeared : for I think she had before evacuated all , or the greatest part of all she had . Then I gave my Pouder twice or thrice a Day , for several Dayes after , and sometimes my Arcanum Veneris . During this Cure the Cleansings were not Sanguineous , but Aqueous , and continued for Seventy two Days . In all which time no Bloud appeared , but a Cleansing Water , sometimes of one Colour , sometimes of another , as is Common to other Women After this , she each Day increased in Strength , and at length became perfectly well , and hath since had several Children . Now , forasmuch , as I have ( in all the Diseases above-named ) made frequent mention of my Pouder , shewing the particular use thereof in those Cases ; but have never yet Published the General use of the same , though it seems to me to be of greater concern to the Publick , than any other Medicine before specify'd ; I am therefore willing here to subjoyn a succinct and plain Description of the General use of this Pouder , and also of my Scorbutic Tincture ( the first being more Material , the latter more Spiritual ) for the necessary help of particular Persons or Families , where Physicians are not easily to be had : experimentally knowing the Pouder to manifest its Operation chiefly in the first Digestion , and the Effects thereof ; and the Tincture to be singularly useful , for Purification of the Bloud , opening the Obstruction of the Nerves , Spleen , Liver , and Gall , separating the superfluous moisture of the Glandules , and acrimonious Humors in the Reins . Of the Vse of the Pouder . In the beginning of every Disease , known or unknown , where the Stomach is concerned , there I give the Pouder first ; which , thô it may not cure ( as in Apoplexies ) yet it is more safe than any other commonly known Remedy , either of the Shops , or of any Modern Physicians of Publick Note at this Day : because it is not only subservient to Nature in preventing the formation of Diseases ; but is also ( if timely taken ) sufficient to enervate , or nullifie their existence when formed . For in the Primary Assault of any Disease ( that is , upon the first perceivance of Illness ) being once or twice taken , it either wholly prevents the growth and increase of that Disease , or renders it fit to be more easily cured with other Medicines . In Diseases arriv'd to some height , as of two or three Dayes , or longer continuance , especially if undeterminate , this Pouder sometimes solely and alone works ( being taken at first ●wice or thrice a Day , and afterwards Morning and Evening ) unto perfect Recovery ; but , in Intermitting Fea●ers I alwayes give it an hour before ●he Fit. In every Epidemic , Putrid , or Acute Feaver , it answers the regular Intention of Nature ; because it sometimes Vomiteth , Purgeth , and provokes Sweats ( without the help of Cloathes more than usual ) and otherwhile stayeth Vomiting and Loosness arising from Nature's Errour , or debility of Parts , or Organs ; rectifying her Errour , and strengthening the Parts . Also it stops those Morbific Sweats , that arise from Languishment ; or alters such Sweats , as are produced by forcible Diaphoreticks , unseasonably used , contrary to the intent of Nature . In Vertigoes , and all Dolours of the Head ; Stomach , Back , or Sides , it is a Medicine of general Use and Service . In the Iliac and Cholic Passions , in Numnesses , and all Pains in the Muscles , that happen from the Scurvey ; or in any other Congealed Distemper , or what may be comprehended under the Name of Congelation , this Pouder proves it self a powerful Remedy ; because , if taken in hot Posset-Drink , Sweats usually follow the taking thereof . Also , in every Scorbutic Distemper it is very available , and acts as variously as the Scorbutic Forme is various ; for in all Fluctuations , or Diseases of Resolution , it is no less serviceable , than in Congealed Distempers ; because being a Medicine truly Natural , Nature can use it either way , to her own benefit . In Pleurisies , Bruises , and all Imposthumes inward or outward , it will compleatly answer the Desire of a good Physician : for it powerfully resists Putrefaction ; and thô it cannot always prevent Imposthumation , or hinder Putrefaction when begun ; yet it ripens the Matter begun to be Putrified , and afterwards expels it when perfectly digested . In the Bloudy-Flux it is a certain and speedy Cure , even to admiration ; also in the Griping of the Guts , attended with vehement Vomitings , and a continued Loosness , it effects so much , beyond the Power of other Medicines , as is scarcely credible ; yet the same Pouder , in extream Costiveness , accomplisheth the Work , by loosening the Belly . In the Small-Pox , taken in the beginning of the Disease , it causeth Vomiting , Purging , or Sweats , and then binds the Body ( as is fit ) and brings out the Small-Pox ; fortifying the Life as far as it is gifted for that work . In the Jaundies , no Medicine , that ever I used , exceeds this : for it extirpates that Disease , Root and Branch . This Pouder , frequently taken , prevents the Formation of Worms in the Body ; where Matter of Worms is made , it expels that ; and if Worms be really formed , enableth Nature to cast them out alive or dead . In Surfeits , contracted from Excesses of Meats , Drinks , or over-great Labour it is singularly useful ; because it either causeth Vomitings , or Stools , or provokes Sweats powerfully , thereby to clear the first Digestion , or resolve the Congelation , caused by those Excesses . In Convulsions , it is highly serviceable , as ( in the Chapter of Convulsions I have largely shewed ; ) and if given to Children newly Born , and for some time used , it prevents such Fits , by carrying off those Crudities Children bring with them into the World. In all highly Malignant , and Pestilential Diseases , it proves it self a true Succour to Nature , if taken every four hours . For in such Cases it acts vigorously towards expelling all Venomes . In Feminine Diseases , all Intemperancies , Inordinancies , and Distemperatures of the Womb , 't is a certain and speedy Remedy . If Women with Child take the Pouder upon any Sense of Illness , or where a Tendency to Abortion is ; it prevents the Danger thereof by strengthening the Womb. In the Birth it brings on Pains , and hastens the Labour with Safety ; but if the natural time of Delivery be not near , it restreins Pains until that time comes . It stops Floudings , facilitates the Birth , and cleanseth as is fit , curing the After-Pains ; and in Women Lying in , answereth the Necessities of the Patient , either in Cleansing or Strengthening . Likewise , the Monthly Flux is by this Remedy brought into due Order ; if inordinate , it checks that inordinancy ; if too little or not at all , it brings down the same in due time and Order ; being taken at certain times of the Moon , with respect had to the Age of Women or Young Maids . Therefore , in the Latter ( with other small helps ) it sometimes cures the Green-Sickness , altering the Inordinacy of the Appetite , and brings them to a due State of Health , and right Colour of Complexion . In the Piles and Hemorrhoids it is a Medicine of singular use : for it opens the Piles , or dissolves them ; it opens also the Hemorrhoids , and cures them when open'd , preventing Vlcers in the Parts . Also in the Sore or Ulcerated Breasts of Women , this Pouder is of great Service . It strengthens a weak Stomach , enabling it to retain the Food , and digest it ; especially if taken so soon as the Parties have eaten . And in all Weaknesses of old Age , so far as the first Digestion is concerned , it is of use . The Dose to a Man or Woman , full grown , is ʒj . to a Child newly-born , 7 or 10 gr . and so proportionably to all Ages , between the Birth and full Growth . It is to be repeated once in 4 , 6 , 8 , or 12 hours , according to the manner of its Operation , and the Necessity of the Sick. The Vehicle may be either Breast Milk , Beer , Ale , Wine , or Mace-Ale , as the Patients best like , or the Necessity of the Disease shall require . Note : In the Use of this Pouder , let the following General Rule be alwayes observed . Whether it worketh by Vomiting , Purging , Sweating , or Vrine , so long as any such Operation lasteth , it ought to be continued ; so likewise , in restreining diseasy Sweats , contra-natural Vomiting , or Purging , continue the use of the same , until it be clearly seen , that Nature hath no further need thereof in that Exigency . Of the Vse and Dose of the Tincture . In Apoplexies , Palsys , Vertigoes , and Epilepsies , Rheumatisms , Gouts , Stone , Stranguries ( too frequent Issues of the Scurvey ) and other Distempers , that have their Propagation from things congealing , or too much acrimonious , inferring Pains or Numnesses , &c. I have by Experience found this Tincture to be of general Vse and Service , if taken in the following Order . Considering most of the Diseases above-named , are either Hereditary , or of long Continuance , or Both , it is expedient in all the aforesaid Cases , that this Tincture be taken daily four times a Day ( in Beer , Ale , or Wine . ) twenty Drops at a time , when the Stomach is most empty ; but more especially ; let it be taken in the Morning fasting , and at Night going into Bed , without mixing the same with any Specific , or direct-working Medicine : though ( it must be understood ) that this Tincture must never be taken , but in some Liquor , or other . In Scorbutick Affects , appearing in other forms than above described , use the Tincture in the same manner , until the Diseases be abated , never using any other Medicine with it , except my Pouder , or other Medicines above specified in the Chapter of the Scurvy ; only the Dose must sometimes be increased ; as it must also in all Tendencies to Stagnization , whereof chilness , and coldness are fore-runners . In all Impurities of the Bloud , of what kind soever , whether Pox , Surfets , Scabs , Tetters , Scales , Ring-worms , Spots , Freckles , Morphews , Sores in the Mouth , or other Parts , if constantly taken ( in manner aforesaid ) for a Month together , viz. Four times a Day , or as often as the afflicted Party drinks , and the external Parts washed , with his ( or her ) Vrine every Morning and Evening , it will prove it self a very effectual Remedy . In the Green-Sickness , and Feminine Obstructions , this Tincture is of singular use , if taken three , or four times a Day in Drink : For , it restores their lost Complexion , and opens all Obstructions of Spleen and Liver . Also it cleanseth the Spleen and Reins , easeth the Dolours of the same ; and is of admirable Service , in Hypochondriac Melancholy . But in these Distempers it must be taken in all Drinks , or Liquid Meats the Patients use , viz. 15 Drops at a time , and constantly every Day , until their Afflictions are altered In the Distempers of Old , or declining Age , as Asthma's , Coughs , &c. that arise from the debility of the Transpirative Faculties ; by reason of which , they labour under shortness of Breath , and troublesom Phlegm , it is beneficial . For , althô this Tincture cannot wholly take off these Distempers from aged Persons , yet it doth much alleviate them ; provided it be frequently taken , and that in a large Quantity , viz. 40 Drops at Night going into Bed , and also every Morning fasting . In Suppression , Difficulty , or Sharpness of Vrine , it is an Effectual Remedy , if 20 Drops be taken Morning and Evening in Mace-Ale , or in a Decoction of Mallowes if they design Ease ; or Parsley-Roots , if they intend Expulsion . In Convulsions , Lethargies , great Pains , Weights , or Numnesses of the Head , it is profitable , if taken 4 times a Day , 20 Drops at a time . Against Pains in the Stomach , and the Weaknesses thereof , it is very efficacious , if 30 , or 40 Drops be taken at a time , twice or four times a Day in Drink when the Pains begin to invade , and the use thereof continued , till the Dolour ceases . Only in this Case , let the Parties grieved be sure to take Care , never to eat or drink , until they are assured , that what they eat and drank before be well digested . In Imbecillity of the Generative Faculty , or in Weakness , Coldness , and Vnaptness to conceive , this Tincture is very profitable , if twenty Drops at a time be taken in Sack , three times a Day , viz. In the Morning Fasting , one hour before Dinner , and at four a Clock after Noon ; and the fourth time at Night going into Bed , in Mace-Ale , especially if the Pouder be us'd with it . This Method must be continued for a Month together . For Recovery of Strength in Consumptions , where the Lungs are not Ulcerated , this Medicine ought to be given , by 10 Drops at a time , as often as the languishing Party takes any thing Liquid ( whether Broth , Milk , Iellies , or Emulsions of any kind ) as also in all his or her Drink . The same Tincture is no less effectual in the Jaundies , if 30 , or 40 Drops be taken at a time , in what Drink the afflicted Party best liketh , in the same manner as before ; and the Use thereof continued , till the Vrine be clear , as it was before the Disease invaded . Against After-Pains in Childbed , and to open Obstructions , this Medicine effectually yields Relief ; if 10 Drops be given to Women in that Condition , in their usual Caudle , every time they drink it . A Child of a year Old may take 2 Drops , in two Spoonfuls of Breast-Milk , and so proportionably . Note : In taking , or administring this Tincture it is very convenient to be careful , not to suffer your Selves , Friends , or Patients , to be over-perswaded , by any Arguments whatsoever , to take Purging or Solutive Medicines , althô your own , Friends , or Patients Bodies seem to be somewhat Costive : for so doing you will much retard the benefit , which would naturally accrew from this Tincture , by its Transpirative Vertue . And let this also be a Caution to All , in every kind of Distemper , where this Medicine is used , not to take or intermix any other things , ( except as is above in this Treatise described ) with the same . Now , because I very well know the Generality of People to be so far from believing these contrary Operations , that they will exclaim against them , as Impossibilities in Nature , I thought it requisite here to subjoyn ( as is well known to Practitioners in Chirurgy ) that the Herb St. Johns-wort , doth as certainly dissolve congealed Bloud in Bruises , as by Congelation an incised Wound , Stab , or Prick : which being Actions so different , may somewhat plead for the Verity of what I have written . But , if this single Example be not sufficient , let any One make Experiment of the Power of the Ash-Tree , cut down ( when Sol is in Gemini , with the Girdle of Orion , and just ascending ) and divided into small flat Sticks ; for any one of them applied to a Cut , Stab , or Prick , and held there for some small time , quickly and evidently heal the Wound without Suppuration . Also in Bruises , thô large and great , if a broad piece of that Wood be rubbed gently upon them , he shall find a sudden Resolution , in the space of a Quarter of an hour ( if this be done at first ) and no Blackness appearing : and if it be apply'd speedily , In Burns , and Scalds , no Blisters will arise : In Stingings of Wasps and Bees , and Pricks of Thorns , this Wood is a speedy Remedy , if presently applied : In Bleeding at the Nostrils , thô very great and large , if a piece of the Wood be held to the Nostrils , and rubbed just above the Gristle of the Nose ; you shall quickly see the Blood stopped . Likewise , in Bitings of Dogs , thô their Teeth have entred deep , if suddenly applied , all the Anguish , and Danger of those Bitings are as suddenly removed . If a single Plant can perform such various and contrary Actions , what then shall Minerals and Metals effect , wherein all the Seven great Properties of Nature are concentred . I could enlarge this Section with many other signal Examples and Proofs , but I shall conclude all with this Corollary : that , since Nature is the true Preserver and Curer in all Distempers ; and is more active and subtile for her own Preservation and Recovery , than any adventitious Agent can be . That Preparation must needs be fitter , and more useful ( in those her Methods ) which attends and assisteth her Inclinations and Actions ; than That , which disturbs her Intentions , and imposeth Operations upon her , contrary to her own Designs : to which Errors and Mistakes all particular Medicines , and the Applyers of them , are very obnoxious . Wherefore , if I have had the Blessing to find out Medicaments ( universal as to Parts and Persons ) which will be perfectly complyant , and subservient to Nature ●s Tendencies , as my long and successful Experience of them perswades me I have done ; and whereof Others may be likewise convinced , if they will make studious Tryal of my Receipts ; I would not have any prejudicate Person wonder at this my Assertion , that one and the same individual Medicine can congeal and resolve , open and shut , work upwards and downwards , or ( in a word ) produce quite contrary Effects , thô Some Doctors have averred to my Face , this thing to be impossible : For , if Nature in contrary Exigencies , cannot but act contrary ways to her own Relief ; then consequently the Physic that doth not forcibly drive Nature out of her Course , but officiously follow her in her own Motions , must like an Handmaid necessarily trace the Footsteps of her Mistress . And what Man , that does but understand , or possess a Nature , is ignorant , that the Means and Passages which she takes in Difficulties for her Succour and Safety , are strangely different , contrary and mysterious ; and yet most ingenious to a Miracle ? Here are no Angry flames , only some bright Beams of plain Truth flowing from Nature's light . FINIS ▪ THE TABLE . A. ANcestors in Art , the Infancy of the World , 53 Ancient Artists how they attained the Perfection of their Arts , 50 Apelles and Homer commended , 48 Archimedes his unparallel'd Inventions of Mechanic Works , Ibid. Arts appear more polite , where Nature brings them forth , 47 Author , why he at first followed Chymistry , 2 His good Success therein , 4 How non-plus'd in following the same , 5 His Satisfaction afterwards , 7 His Patients how they preserve themselves , 38 First Authors of Physic who instructed , 45 B. BAsilius a Monk , a most knowing Physician , 45 Book-Doctors reprehended , 39 , 40 , 52 , 53 , 72 The Reason why they are ignorant , 53 Buboes , why the Author writes nothing of them , 80 C. CAuse of Deficiency in Us , 49 Change direct a diminishing of the natural Gift , 16 A Child capable of solving most solvable Questions in Arithmetic , 48 Child-bearing , 149 Choler maketh not Men angry , 33 No sense of it unless the Spirit be defiled with a wrathful Image , ibid. Cold stagnizeth the Blood , 37 The Begetter of various Diseases , ibid. Convulsions , 107 The Cure of those that happen before the Small Pox , 110 The Cure of those that happen from Maternal Nourishment , 111 The Cure of them in breeding Teeth , 112 The Cure of Ideal Convulsions , 113 Compositions of the Shops , and commonly known Chymical Remedies , rejected by the Author , why , and how far he allows them , 71 Corporeal Evils , hereditary , take beginning from Maternal Nourishment , 59 Chymists differ from Galenists , 2 D. DIsease defined , 55 Diseases Simple , Natural , Preter-natural , and Contra-natural ; how complicated , 66 Hereditary , what , 56 Ideal , must have material filths , 57 By occasional matter manifest themselves , 58 Darken the Spirits , 59 Preternatural , what , and how caused , 60 Contranatural , and Autumnal how caused , 63 Diseases of the Womb , 145 Chronical , their Original , 26 How they take Root in Us , and are changed one into another , 28 Of the first Digestion changed into Distempers of the second , or third , how , 27 Degenerated , how made worse , 28 Have no Existance in the Body , till the Stomach submitteth to them , 30 Hereditary , kept from increasing , ibid. Disposition , seminal incorporeal , 29 Distempers , accounted uncurable , how cured , 31 , 40 Suddenly cured , why , 37 Disturbance of the Spirit the Generator of Defects in the Body , 35 Dropsy in the Womb. 55 Its Cure , 56 E. EDucation , its Insufficiency , 43 , 44 Emptiness , its Effects , and the Remedies thereof , 62 , 63 Envy , and Malice , their Effects not much different , 33 , 34 Experience commended , what takes being from it , is true , how , 44 F. FEar , Its Effects , &c. 34. 65 , 66 Feavers , Putrid , Malignant , Epidemical , or Accidental , 140 Continual , Intermitting , and simply Intermitting , 142 Ferments , diseasy , strange , how begotten , 26. 29 Floudings in General , 151 Fullness , defined , 61 G. GAlen's Method , why neglected by the Author , 1 , 2 Gonorrhea's , hurt not in the Lues , except Means be wanting , 59 Gout , true , its Symptomes , 30 Derivative , may lye concealed until 40 , or 50 years of Age , 57 Griping in the Guts , how cured , 84 , 85 Order of Diet in that Disease , 87 Remarks upon the Errours of Physicians in Cure of that Disease , ib. H. HElmont , commended by the Author , found out certainty by Stilness , 45 , 46 His Theory how proved true to the Author , 17 I. IMbecility of the Womb , 145 Imposthumes , 120 In the Head , cured , 135 In the Head opened , cured , 137 In the Liver , cured , 129 In the Stomach , cured , 132 In the Womb , cured , 153 , 154 Indians , without Books , by Natural Instinct find out the Vertues of Plants , 46 Inquiry , how Remedies came first to be known , 43 Instinct , natural commended , 44 K. KNowledge , of Medicines , of how great concern , 38 Real , taught from Natural Instinct , or acquired by Observation , 43 General , and Particular , its true Patron , 44 Of the Virtues of Roots , Herbs , or Plants , not advanced since the Dayes of Theophrastus , 51 L. LAnguages , not absolutely necessary in the Art of Physic. 50 Lethargies , Coma's , and Apoplexies , 113 Their Cure. 115 A particular Example of an aged Lady cured of the Apoplexy . 116 Lues , and Scurvey , the two general Evils , 66 Lues , materially contracted swiftly infects , why , 58 M. MAgnetic Attractives fruitless , when , 79 Medicines , Natural , work not by their own Power , but by Nature's dispose . 17 The Means to obtain such , 40 Particular , act rather against , than with Nature in complicated Diseases ; why , 27 General , how they act in the humane Body ; their Safety and Properties , 12 , 13 , 14. 18 , 19 Of Paracelsus , and Helmont , why of little Service to Us , 41 Marcellus , his Speech to the Engineers of his Camp , 49 Man hath capacity of knowing Things in their Roots , 47 Men , void of much Discourse , &c. utter wonderful Things , ibid. Method of the Ancients uncertain , 43 Metals and Minerals , their outward Life Poyson , 11. 16 Their Virtues more concentrate , than those of Vegetables , 9 Not specificate to Person or Disease , ibid. Their Gifts from GOD , the Light or Ray of them true Medicine ; not changed in the Body ; but bring less Trouble , than a spoonful of Wine ; their Virtues condemned , why , 10 Their Air , and its Properties , 11 Their Operation against acute Diseases , 12 , 13 Their middle Life Medicine , Antidote against Poyson , &c. 16 , 17 Miscarriages , 147 Mola , and its Cure , 159 , 160 N. NAture , Guide of the Vniverse , 51 Physicianess , and Curer of Diseases , 2. 18. The only Actor , and Curer of her Self , 38 To be observed by Physicians , 40 Naturally excites Man to his Cure , 46 Brings forth both Medicine and the Physician , 51 How restored to her wonted Actions , 37 Her Incapacity to strive , when , 64 Negroes , in Accounting excell , 48 O. OCcasions of Errors committed in the Medicinal Faculty . 32 Opinion , that Physick is not fit for Children , refuted . 60 P. PAlsies , fourfold , their Cure by four Examples . 102 , 103 , 104 Patients afflicted with the Plague , and Remarks upon their Carelessness , 81 In whom the Tokens appeared , their State described , 64 Paracelsus his Endowments , 45 , 46 Pestilence , how caused , 63 Plague , the last described , different manner of Assaults therein , and the Author's Method of Cure thereof , 76 , 77 , &c. Antipestilentials of Ancient , and Modern Physicians ineffectual , 73 34 Persons , Sick , cured by their own natural Impulse , 46 Phlegmones , firey , in general , and their Cure , 127 , 128 Physicians , ought to be chary what they administer , 38 Practice of Physic various , 1 , 2 Things necessary to that Science , 50 Practicioners , their grand Mistake , proved by Example , 32 , 33 Q. QUartanes , 144 Rage , its Effects , 65 Remedies , general , how serviceable . Their difficulty to be obtained , 14 , 15 Their dark part , what ; their Properties , Essential to true Healing , 18 , 19. 22 Their general Dispositions keep Physicians from Errour , 31 Remedies , Particular , when useful , 21. 31 S. SCurveys , whence they arise , and their Effects , 67 Of them in general , 89 Their Cure by Ensamples , 93 Seeds , admit not of ought but Ideas , 57 Spirit of Life , or Archeus , the Ruler , why 36 How primarily affected , ibid. Erring , becomes the Efficient Cause of Diseases , 37 Specificks , not altogether useless , 22 How made more general , 23 Sorrow , its Effects , 35 Stupor , its Effects , 63 Surfeits , their Foundation and Effects , 61 , 62 T. TInctures , open , their singular use , 73 Transpiration insensible , how excited , and the benefit thereof , 20 The Medium thereof unknown , 21 V. VEgetables , not so serviceable , as Minerals , why , 8 , 9 Venomes , 68 Vertues , of St. John's-wort , and the Ash-Tree , 176 Of Natural Subjects , not conferred , but only discovered by Art , 10 Ulcer , in the Womb , and its Cure , 157 Urine , vented through the Fleshy Parts about the Kidneys , 20 Use and Dose of the Author's Pouder , 162. 169 Use and Dose of the Author's Scorbutic-Tincture , 170 W. VVOmb , tumifyed , and its Cure , 158 World , waxeth old , 8 FINIS . 
A62269	----	Paidōn nosēmata· = or Childrens diseases both outward and inward. From the time of their birth to fourteen years of age. With their natures, causes, signs, presages and cures. In three books: 1. Of external 2. Universal 3. Inward diseases. Also, the resolutions of many profitable questions concerning children, and of nurses, and of nursing children. By J. S. physician. J. S. 1664 Approx. 195 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 100 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A62269 Wing S79 ESTC R219790 99831237 99831237 35700 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A62269) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 35700) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 2040:32) Paidōn nosēmata· = or Childrens diseases both outward and inward. From the time of their birth to fourteen years of age. With their natures, causes, signs, presages and cures. In three books: 1. Of external 2. Universal 3. Inward diseases. Also, the resolutions of many profitable questions concerning children, and of nurses, and of nursing children. By J. S. physician. J. S. Vaughan, William, fl. 1664, engraver. [14], 176 p., [1] leaf of plates printed by W.G. and are to be sold by J. Playford and Zach. Watkins at their shop in the Temple near the Church, London : 1664. The first two words of title are in Greek characters. The words "1. .. diseases." are connected by a complex system of brackets on title page. Engraved frontispiece is signed: Giu. Vaughan fecit. With four preliminary contents leaves. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Children -- Diseases -- England -- Early works to 1800. Disease -- Causes and theories of causation -- Early works to 1800. 2004-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-06 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-07 Rachel Losh Sampled and proofread 2004-07 Rachel Losh Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion ΠΑΙΔΩΝ ΝΟΣΗΑΤΑ OR CHILDRENS DISEASES , BOTH Outward and Inward . From the time of their Birth to Fourteen Years of Age. WITH Their Natures , Causes , Signs , Presages and Cures . IN THREE BOOKS : 1. Of External Diseases .   2.   universal   3.   Inward   A'LSO , The Resolutions of many Profitable Questions concerning Children , and of Nurses , and of Nursing Children . By J. S. Physician . London , Printed by W. G. and to be Sold by J. Playsord and Zach. Watkins at their Shop in the Temple near the Church . 1664. To the illustrious person ROBERT BOYLE Esq Brother to the most Honourable the Earl of Corke . FAME reports your Generosity and Humanity to equal your Learning ; the latter is so great that it makes you a Transcendent , especially in the mysterious Secrets of Nature and practical Philosophy , and so , most fit for the Protection of the meanest of this Work , as you are by the former , most ready to pardon my unworthyness ; therefore I have put forth this Manual under the Patronage of your Illustrious Name , & hope for Pardon , if not Acceptance , because it is a part of practical Philosophy ( Medicine being only the Application of the precepts of Philosophy ) in which , as you are the greatest Luminary , so the noblest Encourager of others in it . If you vouchsafe this favour , I doubt not but it will be accepted of as well by the Learned as the Vulgar , it being an Extract or Issue not meanly Descended , & habited in English by Your Devoted Servant in all humility I. S. Courteous Reader , THE true use of Physick is as difficult , as the abuse is dangerous , for the goodness of remedies consists in the conveniency & and fitness of them ( good and convenient being the same ) to the Patient , causes and circumstances of Diseases , the mistake whereof by the Vulgar , is often mortal , especially to Children , who are very obnoxious to alteration by the tenderness and softness of their bodies : To prevent which , I present this Manual to you , pointing and holding forth what ought to be done , and what not , for the procuring & preserving the health of Children , in which are slipt in some few words , either not altogether fit for the matter , or the unlearned Reader ( by my being under pressure of business when this Work was in the Presse ) where by Pugil is to be understood , as much as the Thumb and four Fingers can take up ; by Liniament , a Medicine thinner then an Oyntment ; and by boyling according to Art , boyling from a pint and an half to a pint , and putting Flowers and Seeds in towards the end of the Decoction ; the other Obscurities will be no Impediment to him , which makes me hope for acceptance from him , as I do from the learned by the quality of the matter , proved by most eminent Authority in Physick , as appears by a List of the Authors hereunto annexed . Oundle in Northampton . June 9. 1662. Vale. A Catalogue of the AUTHORS used in this Work. A. AEtius , Avicen , Aristotle , Averrhoes . C. Cardanus , Crato , Celsus . D. Dioscorides , Dordonaeus . F. Fallepus , Fabritius de Aquapendente , Fabricius Hildanus , Fernelius , Fonseca , Fontanus , Fucksius . G. Galen . H. Hartmanus , Hippocrates , Horstius , Hurnius . L. Amatus Lusitanus , Zacutus Lusitanus . M. Mercurialis , Mesnes . P. Paraeus , Platerus , Plato , Prymrose . R. Rhazes , Rolfincius , Riverius . S. Sennertus , Salaemander . T. Theophrastus , Trallianus . The CONTENTS of the CHAPTERS . The first Book of EXTERNAL DISEASES . THE Preface . Chapter 1. Pag. 1. Of the Greatnesse , Dropsy , and water of the Head. Chap. 2. p. 5. Of the Kings Evil. Chap. 3. p. 15. Of Pustules and little Risings in the head . Chap. 4. p. 23. Of Chapt Lips in Children . Chap. 5. p. 26. Of the Inflamation of the Navil . Chap. 6. p. 29. Of a Rupture and Broken Belly . Chap. 7. p. 30. Of the falling of the Fundament . Chap. 8. p. 32. Of the Galling of Children . Chap. 9. p. 34. Of Chilblanes and Kybes . Chap. 10. p. 36. Of the Scab . Chap. 11. p. 39. Of the Itch. Chap. 12. p. 51. The second Book of Universal Diseases . Of Feavers in Children in general . Chap. 1. p. 43. Of a Synoche Feaver . Chap. 2. p. 49. Of the Small Pox and Meazles . Chap. 3. p. 52. Of the Consumption . Chap. 4. p. 70. The third Book of Particular Diseases of Inward Parts of the Body . Of the Epilepsy or Falling Sicknesse . Chap. 1. p. 86. Of Convulsion . Chap. 2. p. 27. Of the Palsy . Chap. 3. p. 101. Of Childrens dreaming and tronbled sleep . Chap. 4. p. 104. Of moderate watching of Children . Chap. 5. p. 108. Of the Inflamation of the Head. Chap. 6. p. 110. Of the running at the Nose , Cough , and difficult Breathing . Chap. 7. p. 114. Of the pain and humidity of the ears . Chap. 8. p. 117. Of the Inflamation of the Glandules called the Almonds of the Ears . Chap. 9. p. 120. Of the Sorenesse of the Mouth . Chap. 10. p. 123. Of the Ranula of the Tongue . Chap. 11. p. 127. Of Dentition and breeding of Teeth . Chap. 12. p. 129. Of the Hiccough . Chap. 13. p. 135. Of Vomiting , and a vain desire of Vomiting Chap. 14. p. 138. Of the involuntary pissing of Children . Chap. 15. p. 140. Of the Strangury and Suppression of Urine . Chap. 16. p. 143. Of the Stone in the Bladder . Chap. 17. p. 146. Of Costivenesse and being bound in the Belly . Chap. 18. p. 150. Of the Flux and Loosnesse . Chap. 19. p. 155. Of Tenesme . Chap. 20. p. 161. Of the pain in the Guts . Chap. 21. p. 163. Of the Worms . Chap. 22. p. 167. Contents of several Questions . WHat is Age , the Definition and Division of it ? Page 2 , 3. Why before 14. years of Age ought one not to be esteemed a perfect man ? Why before 7. years of Age Children have not the use of reason ? p. 87. When and how the Lessening of blood is to be done in Children ? p. 46 , 50 , 51 , 65 , 66. Why Children are disposed to many Diseases ? p. 3 , 4. Why they never sleep moderately ? p. 105. and why their want of sleep is very hurtful ? p. 108. Why they hold not their water so well as men ? p. 140. Why Chilblanes and Kybes happen chiefly to Children , and to the hands and feet , and not to other parts ? p. 36 , 37. Why a Consumption is said a Disease , and an Effect of a Disease , or a Symptome ? p. 70 , 71. What is the Subject of it , and in what order the parts consume ? pag. 71 , 72. Why a Feaver is called a Childs Disease p. 44. Diseases in Children why so called ? p. 5. Why Phrensy & Madnesse are not reckoned amongst Childrens Diseases ? p. 87. Nor the Apoplexy , though it hath the same matter as the Epilepsy hath ? p. 101 , 102. Nor the moisture of the Nose and Ears , and yet the humidity of the Ears is called a Childs Disease , p. 117 , 118. Whether the Inflamation of the Almonds of the Ears may be in Infants ? p. 120 , 121. Why Diseases of the head are difficult to cure ? p. 8. As also of the Fundament , p. 33. Why a Child is most apt to a Synoche Feaver , and whether he may have a Quartan Feaver , it being contrary to its nature ? p. 44. Why Feavers are not dangerous , and why sometimes they turn into Hectick Feavers ? p. 46. Why the Kings Evil exactly cured , returns again ? p. 18 , 19. Why waterish humors are more often collected in the head of Children then other parts , and in the Womb then out of it ? p. 7. What is the use of Lips , and why are more often chopt in Children then in others and most frequently from cold ? p. 27. How good Milk from bad may be known ? p. 76. and how the bad Milk of a Nurse may be made good ? p. 78 , 79. How a good Nurse may be known from a bad one ? p. 78. Whither the Small Pox had a beginning or not , and where : and whither beasts have it or not , and how it differs from the Measles which hath the same matter , cause and cure ? p. 53. Why the cause is not the impurity of the Mothers blood , as by most supposed p. 54 , 55. Nor is the cause the fault of the Air ? p. 56. Why scarce any one but hath it , and that it is mortall to some and not to others , happening most to Children ? p. 57. Why some have more breakings out and marks then others and the face most troubled , and next to it the Feet and Hands ? p. 58. Why the Small Pox troubles the eyes more then the Measles ? p. 58. Why the Small Pox is infectious and more easily to kindred then others ? p. 58 , 59. Why some have twice , rarely thrice , almost all once ? p. 59. Why Scars and Blemishes are left chiefly in the Face , Lips , and foreskin ? p. 59. Why the Stone of the Bladder is seldome in Female Children , and not so often in men as Children , yet the Stone made in the Reins , is oftner in men then Children ? pag. 147. How Teeth and Bones differ , p. 130. The use of Teeth p. 131. and the order and time of their Growth . p. 132 , 133. Worms , why very Familiar to Children and in what parts they are , made and found ? pag. 167. 168. The difference of Worms . p. 168. Imprimatur , Octob. 28 1663. Roger L'Estrange . The First Book Of External Diseases in CHILDREN . CHAP. I. The PREFACE . IT will not be unprofitable to prepare a way for the ensuing Discourse of Childrens Diseases , by premising these Particulars . 1. What is Age , and the Definition of it ? 2. The Division of Age ? 3. The Subject of the Discourse ? 4. Why Children are apt to Sickness ? 5. Why Childrens Diseases are so call'd ? 6. The Order and Method of the Discourse of Childrens Diseases . It is answered , 1. Every Age is obnoxious to all kinds of Diseases , but one Age is more disposed to some Diseases , then another is ; for every Age hath a peculiar temper , and so a similitude with some Diseases , whereby it is more easily affected and changed by them then by other Diseases ; nevertheless , Age it self doth not produce Diseases , but only disposes and makes one apt to receive certain sorts of Diseases ; for Age is a thing that is natural , and a Determination of a time ; and it is defined by some to be a Space and Duration of Life , in which the Constitution of the Body is manifestly changed , by the Action of the natural heat upon the radical Moisture . The Life of Man consists in Heat and Moisture , the Heat consumes by degrees the Moisture , whereby necessarily follows several Changes of the Temperament , which are called Ages . 2. The Division of Age is various by the Ancients ; some divide it into 7. parts , other into 6. or 5. parts : But the Modern ( considering that in all things there is a Beginning , Increase , State , and Declination ) have divided Age into 4. parts ( alluding to the 4. Elements , 4. Humours of Mans body , and 4. seasons of the year . ) 1. Adolescency , or growing Age , in which are contained Infancy , Childhood , and Puberty , and it extends to 25. or 30. years . 2. Youthfulness or flourishing Age , extending to 36 , or 40. years . 3. Consistent Age , extending to 45. or 50. years . 4. Old Age , which contains decrepit Age , and extends to the end of Life . 3. The Subject treated on will be the first Age and Adolescency , as it extends only to 14. years , for then and not before , ought a man to be said perfect , ( though some say at 7. years ) because as Plants are said then to be perfect , when they first begin to bear fruit , so Man ought to be called perfect in that time , when he begins to be prolifick and procreable . 4. Children are disposed to very many Diseases for divers reasons , because of the 1. Impurity of the nourishment in the Womb by an erroneous Diet or Sickness of the Mother . 2. Great labour and pains in the Birth and Getting out of the womb , being a narrow passage , whereby is weakness , and very often are bruises . 3. Cutting of the Navel String , that the Infant may get forth , whereby pains and Inflamations often follow . 4. Diversity of Nourishment , Children in the Womb are nourish'd with the purest blood of the Mother , and they only perfect the third Concoction , but after Birth they use Milk and other food , and need the help of the Stomach and Liver for the first and second Concoction . 5. Change of place , being not used to the Air , for Infants live in the womb in the greatest Lukewarmness and Tranquility , but as soon they feel the cold Air outwardly and breath it in ; they are hurt , which appears by their crying . 6. The unsoftness and uneasiness of the things they lye upon , for Infants lye very soft in the Womb. 7. Hot and moist temper , which is very obnoxious to Corruption . 8. The fault and badness of the Milk. 5. Diseases of Children are so called , not only such which trouble and affect only Children , as Diseases arising from breeding of Teeth , but also such Diseases , which most frequently happen to Children , & are cur'd in a different manner in them then they are in other Ages . 6. The Order and Method in the Discourse of Childrens Diseases will be , 1. Of External Diseases , and such as belong to the outward parts of the body . 2. Universal Diseases , which affect all parts of the body . Thirdly and lastly , Particular and inward Diseases of particular and inward parts of the Body , proceeding from the Diseases of the upper parts to the lower parts . CHAP. II. Of the Greatnesse , Dropsie , or Water of the Head. THere is somtimes an immense largeness of the head , vitiating the natural Actions of it ; yet the Head is not to be called diseased , as if it needed the help of a Physician , because it is natural and incurable , that is not here intended ; but that which is called the Dropsie of the head , and though sometimes it is in a peculiar part of the Head , yet for the most part it is in the whole capacity of the head , and it is more frequently in Children and Infants newly born , then others of elder years , in regard of the softness of their head and bones . It is defined to be a Tumor of the Head , contrary to nature , hapning for the most part to Children ; or a Tumor of the Head , caused by the Collection of Waterish humours in some part of the Members constituting the head . The immediate cause is either , 1. A Wind , which is seldome , in regard of the rarity and purosity of the head ( which appears by the hairiness of it ) and the Thumes and Tenuity of the Wind ( made of a very thin humour ( and so easily dissolved and dissipated . 2. Thin and Waterish humour , which is sometimes thick and coloured , by the mixture of the Ichor of other humours with it . This humour is collected more often in the Womb then out of it , and in the head then other parts ; because 1. Of the great moisture of the Brain . 2. The plenty of Vapours which ascend to the head , and by its coldness turne into Water . 3. It being the seat of Waterish humors , for the Head is placed over the Belly , as the Head of a Still over the body of it . 4. The Density of the Skull which retains the Vapours . The Signes by which this Disease is known , relate to the Cause or Place ; If Wind be the Cause , the head lightly struck will sound like a Drum , and the Tumor prest by a Finger yeilds to it , and leaves a Dent , which presently fills up again ; If an humour be the cause , and not within the Skull , the Tumor is soft , clear ; if prest , it slowly returns to its former fulnesse , the Colour of the Skin is unchang'd , and there is crying and want of sleep ; If the humour be within the Skull , the Infant hath an heaviness of the head , cryes and cannot sleep ; and in those of elder years , the eyes are prominent , and stand out , weeping , and can hardly be shut , and sometimes the fancy is hurt . The Presage ; If the Tumor is within the Skull , some think it incureable , others think it cureable by Cauteries , and by Diaphoreticks . If it is on the outside of the Skull , it is dangerous , because of the Dignity of the Head , and the tenderness of it in an Infant ; for every Disease of the head is dangerous , especially in an Infant , whose tenderness cannot endure a Disease or Remedy , and if the humor should move inwardly , there is great danger of a Lethargy or Apoplexy . The Cure is , by discussing and extenuating the wind , and evacuating the humour insensibly , or sensibly by purging or manual Operation , for the doing whereof a convenient Diet is necessary , which ought to be directed to the Nurse if the Child suck , otherwise to the Child . Wherefore let the Air be hot and dry where the Nurse and Child is kept ; & if it be not so naturally , & by the season of the year , prepare it so by good fires and fumes of sweet and hot woods ; If the Child suck , let the Nurse watch much , and if it is wean'd , let it sleep lesse then if it was sound , because watching doth much dry the body , as sleep softens it ; Moderate Exercise and a soluble belly is very convenient , which if need , let it be help'd by a Suppository made of Hony ; The Nurse and Child both are to abstain from Wine , and in the place of it a Drink is to be made of Water with Coriander seed prepared , and Anniseed ; let the Meat be such as discusses and breaks wind , and dissipates humours ; wherefore let the Bread have a little Coriander seed in it , and the Flesh be rather of Wild Fowl , and roasted rather then boyled ; a Moderate use of spice is profitable ; and Coriander canded with Sugar . All Herbs and Waterish Fruits are to be avoided . If the Nurse be sound , avoid purging her , lest you hurt the Milk ; if she be unsound , purge her as the quality and nature of the humour require . External Remedies only belong to an Infant ( for Purges and other Remedies are to be used to the Nurse ) and very carefully , least they hurt , wherefore this Fomentation will be convenient . Take of Pennyroyal , Maryroom , Savory , of each an handful ; Cumminseed and Aniseed of each an Ounce , boyl them together in a pint and an half of Water , to a Pint , in which wet a Spunge and apply it to the head , afterwards anoint the head with the Oyl of Cammomile salted ; if this prevails not , the Oyl of Anniseed may be added , and to the two Oyles without the Salt you may add a little of the Powder of Anniseed and Fennel-seed . It will be convenient for the Nurse to use the following Electuary , which will make the Milk discusse wind . Take the Conserve of Bettony , and of Rosemary of each an Ounce , the Powder of Coriander and Anniseed of each an Ounce , mixe them , and take Morning and Evening half an Ounce . In a Child of some years , that can endure Medicaments , Purge the Child first gently with two Ounces of the Hony of roses solutive , mixe it with a little Broath . Afterwards prepare the humour thus , Take of Mugwort , Savory , Staccados , Celandine , of each half an handful , boyl them in a pint and half of water to a Pint. Take two or three Ounces of the said Decoction , of the simple Hony of Roses , of the Syrrup of Staccados , of each half an Ounce , mingle them ; and give it the Child 3. or 4. days together , then purge the humours so prepared . Take of the Pills called Pillula Aurea one Dram and a half , of Castor two Grains , of the Root of Ireos finely powdred half a Dram , mingle them with the Hony of the Syrrup of Roses solutive , and make thereof for one Doss ( or quantity to be taken at once ) five little Pills . If the Child refuse Pills ; Take an Ounce of the root of Ireos , of Raisins of the Sun half an Ounce , the Seeds of Fennel and Coriander , of each half a Dram , boyl them according to Art. Take of the Decoction an Ounce and a half , of the Trochische of Agarick two Drams , infuse them all Night , then strain them strongly and add an Ounce and an half of the Hony of Roses solutive . After sufficient Purging , the use of the Electuary directed before for the Nurse , and the External Remedies will be convenient , to which may be added this following Lixivium . Take of Figtree-wood two pound , of Salt or common water twenty pints , make of it a Lye according to Art , when it is strained add to it Coriander-seeds , and Anniseeds of each a Pugill , of Bran one Pugill , the Leaves of Penny-royal , Maryroom , and Mugworth , one handful and an half , boyl them away to a fourth part , then strain and use them . In the same manner you may prepare a Lye of Brimstone beaten and applied to the head with a drye woollen Cloth , it dries the head very much ; stronger driers are dangerous . There may be made Plaisters of the aforesaid Herbs , being boyled and bruised to the form of a Plaister , and laid upon the head ; a Plaister made of Snails , bruised and applied to the head , untill they fall of themselves , is an approved of remedy . The following Ointment doth very much discusse the water or wind in the head : Take of the Oyl of Ireos and Cammomile of each two Ounces , of the Powder of Sulphur and Ireos of each two Ounces , of Wax a little , and make an Oyntment of them . Remedies also are convenient which are put in at the Nose or Ears , As the Oyl of Cammomile with a little Ireos or Brimstone , or the Oyle of the Gumme called Sagapenum with a little Castor . Some commend the Brain of a Wolf dried and sprinkled with Musk , put into the Nose . In the use of these Remedies you are to take notice , that if the water moves from the internal to the external parts , it is incurable : Likewise , if the Water is plentiful which is collected out of the Skull , the use of inward or outward remedies are in vain : because as strong internal remedies in this tender Subject are not convenient , so moderate and weak remedies do not prevail ; the like is also in external Medicaments , wherefore there is only hope in a sensible evacuation by Chyrurgery and Incision , which is to be used if the water be not discuss'd within three weeks ; by the preceeding means Incision is dangerous , in regard of the tenderness of the Age , and greatness of the distemper , and ought to be the last remedy , and not to be used upon Children newly born , but in others of elder years . In the making Incision , if the Tumor hath a great point , the head of the point is to be opened , with two or three Cuttings , and in the lowest part for the easier evacuating the humour , which Evacuation ought not to be at once , but by degrees , lest the Spirits are dissipated , and care is to be taken that the coldness of the Air doth not hurt the Brain . After Incision is made , and the water evacuated by little and little , Proper Medicaments to wounds are to be used , as Linnen wet in Oyl or Wine ; which Medicaments are to be straightly bound if the Child is very strong , but if very tender and weak , the place that is cut is to be only covered with some soft Wool ( or the like ) dipt in Medicaments proper for wounds . If after Incision the Flesh will not grow , by the fault of the bone , ( as if often happens ) scrape the bone gently that the fault may be removed , and the flesh grow . If the Water is between the skin and the Temp'ral Muscles , or between the Muscles and the Skin it is mortal to make Incision , but you must expect the setling of the Water in the sides of the Muscles not belonging to them . Some there are that use Caustick Medicaments , and burn many Ulcers in the Childs head , and if it is not effectual , then they come to Incision , but it is very dangerous ; for exulcerations in the Childs head which is full of water , are never or hardly cureable . CHAP. III. Of the Kings Evill . THe Kings Evill is a hard or Schirrous Tumour contrary to nature , growing for the most about the Neck , and chiefly of Children . The immediate cause is sometimes Flesh , but very seldome : Sometimes the Glandules turn into this Tumour , but most frequently Phlegm , or Melancholy hardned . Some think the Cause is an Alamentary Juyce hardned ; because they are not changed into a disgested matter , nor do putrefie , and continue a long time . The Antecedent causes are youngness of Age , cold and moist temper , softners of Flesh and Muscles , and shortness of the Neck , thereby the humours fall easily from the head in the neck , and cleave tenaciously . The external causes are the coldness and moisture of the Climate , Idlenesse , drinking crude and thick waters , the use of Cheese , Fruits , and grosse food ; but chiefly voracity , and imoderate eating , wherefore Children and Infants are principally troubled with this Disease . If the matter is not viscous and glutinous , although it condenses , yet it is not coated or contained in a Membrane ; but if part of the matter is glutinous when it is congealed by the cold of the Part or Glandule , a skin is made round about , and consequently a Bladder or Membrane , in which afterwards the matter by degrees thickens , the thinner part being in time consumed . The difference of this Disease , is taken from 1. Magnitude , some being as great as a Melon , others moderate , and little as a Pea. 2. Nature , Some gentle without pain or inflamation , and with a moderate hardness . Some moderate , between a Schirrus and an Aposteme , or Malignant , with pain and inflamation , and very great hardnesse . 3. Constitution , some being elevated , and move hither and thither ; others , as if they were impacted and unmoveable . 4. Place , Some are about the hinder part of the head , others about the auteriour part , some in the Skin , others profound , and about the noble great vessells . 5. Plenty , Some are accumulated into an heap , others not . The signs are , Tumour sometimes round , sometimes somewhat long , sometimes of the same colour with the Skin , sometimes more red , hard , and without pain , and move not to and fro being handled . The Kings Evill is known from hardned Glandules , because 1. The matter of Glandules is more subtile and thin , then the matter of this Disease , which is more thick , viscid , and contumacious ; hence it is , that as often as the thin and subtile matter is incraffated , the Kings Evill is made of the Glandules . 2. Hardned Glandules are more separated from the next Flesh , that it it is easie to discern them from the flesh , by Feeling , the contrary is in the Kings Evil. 3. The Kings Evill hath for the most part a Membrane or Coat , the Glandules not . Some distinguish them thus ; Take the Leaves of Ivy and Citron , and bruise them together , lay them upon the Tumour , and if in three dayes the Tumour lye hid , it is a sign of the Glandules ; but if they are exasperated by the Medicament , then it is a sign that it is the Kings Evill . The Presage is , This Disease is troublesome and wearisome to the Patient and Physician ; for whatsoever way you deal with them , they are exasperated , and if they seem to be cur'd return again . It is very difficult to cure , but with lesse difficulty and danger in Infants and Children , then in youth , because they often degenerate into Cancers and dangerous Ulcers . The Kings Evill that is little , superficial and gentle , are not very dangerous , & are more easily cur'd : but such as are great , deep , and malignant , are pernicious , and for the most part incureable . The Kings Evill though it is most exactly cur'd , yet it returns again , which is not from the motion of the Moon , as some have thought , because they have return'd after a Month , a year , or two years : but the cause is , 1. The Viscosity thickens , and contumaciousnesse of the matter , which is not perfectly eradicated and extirpated in the Cure , but some part is left , which vitiates and corrupts the temper and nourishment of the part . 2. The Coat or Membrane which is tenaciously infix'd , that it can scarce be extirpated , and so is fill'd with new matter ; if it be extirpated , yet there remains some roots or ligaments , out of which the Membrane or Coat growes again , and so the Tumor or Kings Evill remains . The Cure is , taking away the antecedent cause , and correcting the Debility of the Parts , which make Phlegme ; all which is done by , 1. A Convenient Diet , let the Air be hot and dry , the sleep little , exercise moderate , avoid much rubing or kembing of the head , and bearing weight on the Head ; avoid all perturbations of the mind ( except moderate anger ) and Wine that is strong and thick ; if you use Wine , do it moderately and mixe it with water . Let your meat be attenuating and drying , as Bread well bak'd , and with Anniseeds or Coriander-seeds . Let your flesh be of Wild-fowl , and rather roasted then boyled ; avoid Spices , as filling the head with vapours , and all thick , grosse , viscid , and cold meats , as Beef , Cheese , Milk , Eggs fried or hard and the like . Hence it is that the Children of poor persons are more troubled with this Disease then the Children of rich men , because they eat grosse and ill Diet , which makes and ●oments the humour . 2. Purging , Take of the Leaves of Senna half an Ounce , of Polypode two Drams , Ginger 15. grains , half an Ounce of Raisins stoned , Sebestens Pruins of each three in number , of the Flowers of Borrage , Violets , Red Roses , and Rosemary , of each half a dram , boil them in a pint of fountain water until half be consumed . Take of the Decoction two Ounces , of the hony of Roses two or three Ounces . Let the humours be prepaired thus ; Take of the Leaves of Brownwort , Plantain , Dry Bettony , and Mint , of each half an handful , boyle it according to Art ; of the Syrrup of Roses and Oxymel of each half an Ounce , mingle them . After the humours are prepared , purge thus ; Take 30 or 40. grains of the Pills of Agarick , or infuse two Drams of the Trochische of Agarick , in three Ounces of the Water of Bettony all night , strain it , and add 2. or 3. Ounces of the Hony of Roses solutive . Observe , that most gentle Remedies often used , is better then violent , and hath often cur'd . 3. By the restraining of the moving of the humour into the Part , by rubbing Cupping-glasses and Blisters ; and there is no remedy so effectual and fit for derivation , diversion and evacuation of the humour ( and in all Swellings and Tumours in Children about the Neck ) as is the exulceration of the Skin of the Head , which is best done with Mustard-seed , and a Nettle , but with prudence and moderation ; but have a care you use not Cautharides , which cause great pain and pissing of blood . 4. By discussing the humour in the part , if it be moderately thick , and viscid , which is done by inward Medicaments , as by the use of the Trochische of Vipers ; and Treacle , but principally by outward Medicaments , first by softning it , and then by dissolving it . Emollient or softning Medicaments , are , the Plaister of Diachilon with the Gums ; or this Ointment : Take four Ounces of Diachilon , one Ounce of Hyssop , four Ounces of the Root of Ireos finely powdred ; mingle them , and with the Oil of Almon●s make an Ointment , which use several days until the matter is softned , then use Discutients , as drye Figs , or a Plaister made of Hony , or the root of a wild Cucumber bo , led in old Oyl to the form of a Plaister , is very effectual ; so is this following , which is stronger : Take of Stavesacre , Nitre , of each two Ounces , Rocket four Ounces , with as much Turpentine as is convenient make a Plaister . The Ashes of Colworts mixt with Hony , is also very good . Observe that strong Discutients may not be used , lest Feavers are caused , and the tender Flesh of the Child hurt . If the matter be very viscid and contumacious , it is not cur'd but by cutting or burning it , which is very dangerous , and turns them into Cancers that are mortall , as is experienc'd in the using such remedies for the Kings Evill , in the Neck , Breasts , or Grayn . CHAP. IV. Of Pustules and little Risings in the Head. PUstules , or Risings , or Swellings for the most part they are in the Head , but sometimes in the whole body . In the beginning they are small and little , afterwards they are sore , and make hard white Scabs and Crusts , by the driness of the humour ; In sucking Children they are call'd Crusta , in those of elder years they are called Achores ; they are ulcerous Tubercles , or Ulcers with small risings , perforating the skin with small holes , through which passeth a sanious or filthy matter . The cause is , as some think , a nitrous and salt Phlegme mixt with Choler ; Others a putrid , corrupted and Ichorous blood : but I consent to them who think the humour is mix'd , partly thick and partly thin , waterish , salt , and nitrous , and according to the various mixture of the humours with the salt waterish humours , the various colours of the Sores arise , being thereby , black , red , white , or yellow , and those humours are either generated in the womb of the Mother , out of the Menstruous blood ; or after the Child is born , by the fault of Milk or Diet , nature purifying and purging her self , sends them forth into the outward parts of the body . The signs are manifest to Sight , the Child cries , cannot sleep , and are watchful ; the Child Itches , and after Itching they are sore , a bloody humour passes forth , and oftentimes the Child is lowsy . If they proceed from blood , there is a redness , pain , and more easie Itch : but if from a more sharp humour , there is a great Itch. The Presage , Pustules sometimes degenerate into great Ulcers , and sometimes corrode the Skull by the Malignity and badness of the humour , that the Membranes may be seen . They many times preserve Children from great and many Diseases , as Feavers , Falling-sicknesses , and others , by natures purging her self by the skin . They heal frequently of their own accord by Time and Age. The Cure is in , 1. A Convenient Diet , by avoiding salt , sharp , hot and sweet things , fish and fruit . If the Pustules are moist , a drye Diet is convenient , as the eating of Wild-fowl roasted , bread twice bak'd , &c. which ought to be us'd only by the Nurse if the Child suck . 2. Evacuation of the humours by Blood-letting , Leeches , or Cupping-glasses , and purging the Nurse ; if the Child suck not , prepare the humours with Cichory , Eudave , Fumitory , and Agrimony , of each an handful , boyle them in a pint and an half of Water until half a pint be consumed ; Take thereof three Ounces , and add the Syrrup called Syrrup Byzantius , and the Syrrup of Fumitory , of each half an Ounce , or temper the humour that is faulty with the Syrrups of Borrage and Fumitory . The humours being prepared , Take of Rhabarb one Dram , infuse it all night in three Ounces of Endive-water , in the Morning strain it well , and add an Ounce and an half of the Syrrup of Roses solutive . The Body being purged , the part excoriated is to be cur'd by outward Remedies . A Bath of common Water in which the Leaves of Scabius , Agrimony and Plantane are boyled , is very good . The Ointments of Litheridge , Cerusse , or Diapompholiges cures it . CHAP. V. Of Chapt Lips in Children . THe Lips are made not only for Beauty , but also for use , for the defence of the Mouth and Teeth , and also for Speech and Sucking , so that they being chopt , they cause pain , and hinder Sucking . This Disease is a certain Division of the Lips with Pustules and breakings out , and sometimes without them . The immediate cause is a salt , sharp , and cholerick humour , or sharp , biting , and exulcerating vapours , proceeding chiefly from the whole body , as in Feavers ; many times from the Head , Stomach , Lungs , or other principal part of the Body . These humours and vapours produce the Cleavings and Ulcers of the Lips , chiefly in Children , because of the frequent motions of the skin , which draws them to the mouth , and in regard of the tenderness of them , which makes them apt to receive . The External Causes are , the use of hot things , hardness of Dugs , kisses of many people , but chiefly an intemperate Air in heat and cold , but most frequently the coldness and driness of the Air ; for though Lips may be so dried by the Air , that they may exulcerate , yet not so frequent as from the coldness and driness of it , because heat cleaves and divides that which is moist , by consuming the moisture ; Cold , by compressing and repelling , and it is easier to repell and press moisture out of a thing , then to consume it , especially in soft parts , to which humours continually flowe , as it is in the Lips. The Signs are manifest , as little Ulcers and pains in the Lips ; there is also pain , Itching and crying of Children . If a Vapour is the Cause , then the Child hath an Inflamation or a great Feaver . If humours , then there is Catarrhs and Distillations , and the Ulcers are moist , and an humour passeth out of them . The Presage is , this Disease is not mortall , unless malignant Ulcers are made by Unskilfulnesse . Ulcers made in a Feaver or afterwards , are a sign of Health , for they shew the humours generating a Feaver , are dissipated and dissolved . The Cure is , if the Choppings of the Lips proceed from an internal cause , a gentle purge is convenient , and Diet that corrects the humours . If from the Sharpnesse of the Milk , let the Nurse use cooling Diet , and things correcting the Milk. If from the hardness of the Nibble , soften it . Medicaments for the Childs Lips , are Oyl of Roses with the white of an Egge , Oyl of Eggs , Oyl of Wax , which is most excellent ; Ointment of Roses , of Cerusse , Camphorer , Pomatum . Take an equal quantity of Turpentine , Hony , and Goose-grease , mix them , to which you may add half an Ounce of Cerusse , or Litheridge , more or lesse , as you would have it drye . If there be extraordinary pain , you may mixe a grain or two of Opium , with a little of the Nurses milk . You need not fear here the use of Opium because it is only used outwardly . CHAP. VI. Of the Inflamation of the Navill . THe Inflamation of the Navil is an hard and hot Tumor with pain and Pulsation . It is caused in Children presently after the cutting of the Navil-string , which paining the Navil , the blood is drawn thither , and there heats , and so makes this Inflamation . The Signs are hardnesse , swelling , rednesse , heat , pulsation , and a Feaver . The Cure is , 1. Let the Nurse use a Diet that is cold and moist . 2. Then use such things as may asswage the pain , and repell the humours , as the Oyl of Roses , the white Oyntment , or the Oyntment of Poppies , these are to be used untill the beginning of the Inflamation is past ; then use the Oyl of Cammomile , and the Oyl of Roses , and the more distance there is from the beginning , the more use Discutients , but have a care of strong Discutients , as the Oyl of Anniseeds or Cammomile , Lumbricated . 3. Suppuration and ripening it , which is to be avoided , if you can help it ; Bread or Mallowes boyled in Milk ripen gently , such as ripen more vehemently are painful , and torment the Child . CHAP. VII . Of a Rupture , and Broken Belly . A Rupture is a falling down of the Guts from their place . The Cause is the breaking , or relaxing the Inner rine of the Belly that joyns to the Caul , the latter cause is most frequent in Children in regard of their Moisture . The External Causes are vehement motion , extraordinary Crying , holding of the Breath , abundance of Wind , and a strong Endevour of disburthening the Belly . The Signs of the Causes are thus ; If the Peritonation be broken , the Tumor was caused and increased suddenly , and the Gut descends to the bottome , but if it be relax'd , the Tumor grew by degrees , neither doth the Gut descend to the bottome . The Cure is by , 1. Putting the Gut up into the belly ; if it hath wind in it , which is known by the noyse , and sending wind out of it , then use Discutients , anoint it with the Isle of Cammomile or Anniseeds ; if it hath its ordure hardned in it , soften it by Poultesses , Clysters , and Bathings ; if it hath Phlegme in it , evacuate it by degrees with Clysters , and Suppositories , and use things that are hot and dry , and attenuating . 2. The keeping it in its place after it is put into it , that it fall down no more , which is done by a Trusse , and inward and outward Medicaments . The Internal are , the Powder of Mouse-eare used at Meals taken in Water , Rupterwort taken from the New of the Moon to the full , Decoctions of great Comfrey , St. Johnswort , and Saniclé . The internal Medicaments profit little , but the External are more certain , and the only hope is in them . The Seed of Ameos , with the white of an Egge is highly praised . The Emplasters , called Emplastrum ad Herviam , and Emplastrum Caesaris , will serve in the place of all other Medicaments . 3. In cutting it , if it be not cur'd by the Medicaments above , which is easie and without danger . CHAP. VIII . Of the Falling of the Fundament . THe falling of the Fundament is a going forth of the right and streight Gut ( called the Pudding Gut ) with the Sphyncter Muscle . The Cause is , 1. A weakness of the Muscle by coldness of the humours , or outwardly , as when Children sit on Stoves , or by a loosness of the Belly . 2. A great Endevour and striving in disburthening the Belly . 3. A great irritation and frequent desire of emptying the belly , which comes from a Dysentery or Tenesme . The Signs are manifest to sight . The Presage , This Disease is hard to cure , because all Diseases of the Fundament are very difficult to cure ; because , 1. The part is very sensible , and cannot endure sharp Medicaments . 2. The passing of the Filth , which if it be hard it exasperates the part . 3. Medicaments are not easily applied to this part , nor are kept long enough , by the passing of the Filth . 4. The Place is hot and moist , which requires remedies that are cooling and drying , which irritate and exasperate , and therefore scarcely endur'd . That which is without an Inflamation , not inveterate , but new , is more easily cur'd . The Cure is , 1. By putting it into its place , which is done by a gentle hand ; if it be swell'd , bath it with a Decoction of Mallowes before you put it up , which will likewise cleanse the Filth and slimy humour from it , which is requisite also to be done . 2. Retaining it in its place , after it is put into it , which is done by astringent remedies , which ought not to be very strong ( because they exasperate , cause pain , and want of sleep ) to which use serves Terra Lemnia , Sanguis Draconis , Frankinsence , and Cerusse , which are to be sprinkled upon the part ; apply to the Fundament a Spunge , dipp'd in an Astringent Decoction of Sanicle , Herb-robert , Acornes , or Leaves of Oake , or the greater Comfrey . CHAP. IX . Of the Galling of Children . THe Galling of Children are certain Ulcers in the Skin , or Excoriations which happen to Children between the Thighes ; sometimes they are in the Feet , Lips , and between the Thighes in those of elder years . The Cause is , 1. External , sharp Urine ( especially in fat Children ) sharp and cholerick Filth of the Belly , and Foulness of Cloaths , walking , rough Cloathing , and violent motion drawing the sharp humours to the Skin , or exasperating the humours in the Skin . 2. Internal and immediate , a sharp and corroding humour , which is either generated in the part exulcerated , or it flowes from the body into those parts . 3. Antecedent , the fault of the Milk , if the Child suck . In elder ones , an ill Diet , especially meats that are hot , sweet , salt , or corroding . The Signs are obvious , because the part is red and pain'd , especially if it be touch'd and rubb'd . Presage , If they are neglected they turn into ill Ulcers , and are dangerous , otherwise they are easie to cure . The Cure is , if the Child suck , let the Nurse use a good Diet and abstain from Motion , Watching , Anger , Wine , and all meats that are sharp , salt , and corroding . If she be of an unhealthy blood , let her purge ; The Child is also to be often wash'd and clens'd from his filth and excrements , and his Cloathes are to be clean and not hard . If the Child doth not suck , the like Diet is to be used , as is advised for the Nurse , and the same remedies for preparing and purging of the humours , and outwardly to be applied are convenient , which are advised in the Fourth Chapter ; to which I refer you . To them may be added Dear-Suet , or the Suet of a Goat . Take a Turnip , make a Hole in it , then fill it with the Oyl of Roses , and Roast it , of which make a Liniament . CHAP. X. Of Chilblanes and Kybes . CHilblanes usually follow Tumours and Swellings , and the matter of it is dry , sharp and corroding , and makes an Ulcer , which for the most part is dry , and no matter or humour issues of it . It happens to Children chiefly because they lesse feel the cold , and defend themselves against it , and so are most frequently hurt with the cold . It happens to he hands and Feet , and not other parts of the body ; because , 1. The hands and feet are farthest from the fountain of heat , the heart . 2. They are without Flesh , and have no defence from outward injuries , and do abound with Nerves and Bones , whereby we have great pain , and are more cold in these parts then in other parts , insomuch that these parts many times corrupt and putrefie with cold ; by what is said . Chilblanes may be defined A dry Ulcer in the hands and feet , chiefly in Infants . The Cause is cold , or shoes that hurt being too straight , rough , or hard . The Signs are , An Inflamation more or lesse , sometimes Pustules , afterwards exulcerations , a little pain , but the Itching greater , a purulent Ichor comes from it , that seems to be like ripened or thin matter . The Presage , It is not dangerous if it be not neglected ; if it be , a Mortification of the Feet may happen , and so Death . The Cure is in , 1. Preservation from it , wherefore avoid straight and hard shoes , defend your feet from the cold Air , and rub your feet with salt and hony mingled , which is good in the begining when the swelling only appears , so is the washing your feet with salt water , or with a Decoction of Betes . And when there is only a Swelling these are good , as Turnips boyled and applied in the manner of a Plaister , Bran boyled in Wine . Take of the Gumme Ammoniacum one Dram , of Resin two Drams , dissolve them over the fire , add thereto six Drams of Common Oyl , of Wax half a Dram , let the Wax be dissolved , then add Flower of Fengreek , Frankinsence and Mastick , of each two Drams , mingle them . 2. In curing the Ulcer , Aloes alone , or mix'd with sweet wine , cures it being laid to it ; if the Ulcer be sordid , clense it with the Ointment called the Ointment of the Apostles ; when it is clensed that no filth is left , then skin it with the Plaster called Diapalma . CHAP. XI . Of the Scab . THE Scab is a Swelling , with a distemper and exulceration of the Skin . The Cause is , a corrupted blood mixt with salt Phlegme , and burnt Choler , either generated in the womb of the Mother by the menstruous blood , or after the Child is born , by the corruption of milk , or fault of Diet , by which the Liver chiefly is intemperately hot , or the blood is corrupted by contagion , which being expell'd to the Skin , there sticks , exulcerates it , and makes it sore . The Signs are manifest , and are in the Definition . The Cure is in , 1. A convenient Diet , the meat ought to be boyled not roasted , of an easie Disgestion , not salt , hot , or having ill qualities ; unclenliness , and unseasonable exercise are to be avoided . 2. Tempering and purging the humors as in the fourth Chapter . 3. By provocation of Sweat , with a Decoction of Scabius , Harts-horn , Fumitory , and Cardus benedictus . 4. External Remedies , which gently clense and drye ; Quicksilver is much commended , but it is only convenient , if the Scab be contumacious , and in the oldest Children , Unguentum Enulatum is profitable , but be careful it be without Mercury . Take of the Oyl of Roses four Ounces , live Brimstone one Ounce , the Juice of Limons two Ounces , the Resine of Pine-tree one Ounce , mixe them , and make an Oyntment of them . Take of Turpentine four Ounces , wash'd in-Rose-water , the Juice of four Oranges , the Yelks of four Eggs , and an Ounce of the Oyl of Roses , mingle them all , and make an Ointment of them , which is excellently good if the Scab be old and dry . Elecampane powdered , and with Hogs grease made into an Oyntment , is highly praised ; so is Brimstone finely powdered and annointed with Milk. Also Garlick beaten very smal and mix'd with Hogs grease is very good . CHAP. XII . Of the Itch. THe Itch is a pain exciting a desire of Scratching , without the unevennesse or exulceration of the Skin . The Itch is sometimes in the whole body , but most frequently in the Soles of the Feet , by reason of the hardnesse and thicknesse of the Skin , hindering the humours to evaporate . The Cause is Choller , or salt or thin Phlegme , thereby insinuating it self into the smallest pars , but it is viscid and clammy , that it may adhere and cleave tenaciously to the parts . It is caused in the Womb of the Mother by the Menstruous blood , or by the corruption or fault of the Milk , or by meats and drinks that are hot , salt , or other things that heat the Liver . The Signs are manifest . The Cures are , 1. By attemperating the humours with the Whey of the Milk of Goats , and the Syrrup of Fumitory . 2. In evacuating the humors , Take a Dram of Rhabarb , infuse it all night in a little Water , strain it , and add three Ounces of Whey , and two Ounces of the Syrrup of Roses solutive . 3. Mitigation of the pain , and discussing of it by Baths of Water in which are Mallowes , Cammomile , or Pellitory . So much of External Diseases . The Second Book Of Universal Diseases in CHILDREN . CHAP. I. Of Feavers in Children in Generall . HItherto have been considered External Diseases , Internal are either Universal which affect the whole body , or perticular , which affect some parts . A Feaver is an Universal Disease , so is the Small Pox , and a Consumption , which three Diseases will be considered in this Book . Although Feavers and their Causes are common to all Ages , yet in regard Infancy is most obnoxious to them , and hath peculiar considerations in the Cure of them ; Limiting the strength , quality and quantity of the remedy , it will not be altogether improper to call Feavers Childrens Feavers ; Children are subject to Diseases that are accidental , and Symptomatical , proceeding from other Diseases , as in breeding of the Teeth , Inflamation of the Gums , & c. and also to Feavers essentiall , and of their own accord , and to all sorts of them ; but especially a Synoche Feaver , in regard their bodies are hot and moist , their temperament sanguine , and their bodies dense , by which , transpiration of the heat is hindered , which increases and produces a Feaver . Children may have a Quartan Feaver though their natural temper be contrary to it ; because , 1. Humours partake aswell of the matter as of the Agent and Temperament of the body , wherefore as Humours and Excrements of the body do not shew the Temperament ( for old men are cold and dry of temper , yet they abound with Phlegme ( so do they not only depend on it , but on Diet likewise , which in Children is very often grosse and unorderly eaten , and so Crudities and very thick humours are made . 2. If the Mother was elderly and of a Melancholy temper , the menstruous blood , with which the Child was nourish'd , may much alter the temper of the Child . 3. A Quartan Feaver is not always made from Melancholy , but may be made from any humour that is thick . The Internal Causes are the humours of the body . The External Causes are chiefly , 1. The Air , If the Winter be cold and dry , and the Spring hot and moist , bodies cannot be cooled in the Summer , but burn and cause Feavers ; besides , in the Summer , Childrens bodies are more thin and spare . 2. Unseasonable and immoderate exercise , being full or empty . 3. Immoderate and ill Diet , whence are Crudities , Obstructions , and Putrefying , and so Feavers . Presage , All Feavers in Children for the most part are not dangerous , because the natural Faculty is strong and active in them , and can resist powerfully the Causes of Feavers . Children sometimes by Feavers have an Hectick Feaver , not by the difficulty of the Curing it , or the greatnesse of the Feaver , but by the morosity of the Child that will not be govern'd . The Cure is , If the Child suck , the Nurse is to be cur'd , with such things that alter and purge , as the kind of Feaver seems to require . It is much doubted how blood is to be lessened in Children that have Feavers . Some think that after the Fifth Month , Cupping-glasses may be applied , and blood drawn out by them . Others think not before a year , which opinion is most safe , because this Age is wont greatly to be overcome by pain and trouble , and Cupping glasses are painful , but after a year Cupping glasses may be applied , but only to sanguine and strong Children . And then not to the part above , but on the Thighs , because the Spirits and strength are not so wasted from those parts , as from above . And only to the taking away an Ounce of blood and no more . Besides these remedies , others may be added . Inwardly may be taken the Juice of Granates ( which is highly praised ) with Oxymel and Citron . It may be made thus , Take of the Juice of Granates one Ounce , of Simple Oxymell half an Ounce , you may give the Child a Dram at a time unto half an Ounce , but it is better to mixe the lesse quantity of Oxymel , because the Childs Nerves are very infirm , and Oxymel and all sower things hurt the Nerves , wherefore the Syrrup of Maidenhair , Syrrup of Red Poppies are good . If the Child is bound in his belly , you may not use purging Medicaments because the Childs body is hot naturally , and is more heated by the Feaver , so it is dangerous to add the heat of a purging Medicament , wherefore it is better to use a more gentle Clyster or Suppository . Take of Whey half a pint , of Hony half an Ounce , of Salt half a Dram , mingle them ; make a Suppository of Flesh and Hogs grease , or the common Suppository , for strong Suppositories are dangerous . Outward remedies may be used , 1. Things very gentle may be applied to the head or Feet to provoke sweat , as the Root of a Reed ; if the Childs body which is Dense be opened by Sweat , the heat and putrid vapours will go forth . 2. Cloths dipped in Cichory , Endive , Plantane , or Rosewater applied to the Breast , Side , or Back for cooling . The Liver and Stomach ought to be helped in Concoction in all Feavers , much more here , which is done by cooling and binding remedies applied to them . Take of the Oil of Mastick half an Ounce , powder of Red Corall , Sanders , and Red Roses , of each two Scruples , of Wax a little , make an Oyntment of it , but if the Child be between seven and fourteen years , he must be handled in another manner , which shall be set forth in the following Chapter . CHAP. II. Of a Synoche Feaver . EVery Synoche putrid Feaver in Children is from obstruction made by gross humours in hot , moist , and sanguine bodies , and the putrid matter is in all or the greater veins . The Cure of it in a Child between 7. and 14. years , will be in removing the obstructions , and tempering the Febrish heat , which will be done by , 1. A convenient Diet , let the Air be cold , motions of the body and mind avoided ; if the belly move not , use a Clyster or Suppository ; let the Drink be water , or Barly water ; the Diet sparing , only Barly broth , or Broth of Meat : But because this will be accounted too strict and hard , to indulge , you may add to the Broth bread , and sometimes the Yelk of an Egge , but be careful you do not nourish too much , because the strength and the Disease are nourish'd together . The time of eating , let it be as it was when the Child was well . 2. Blood-letting ; Some think that Blood-letting ought not to be before the Child is 14. years old , because that which the opening of a Vein ought to do , nature doth it of its own accord , which consumes daily much of the Childs substance by insensible transpiration , therefore it needs not evacuation , lest the strength be dejected . Others are for Blood-letting , because if a Child can endure a disease from fulnesse , why not the remedy ? which is , Blood-letting ; otherwise as often as a Disease begins with the imbecility of strength , especially which happens out of a natural dissipation and resolution , so often will that Disease be certain , and necessarily mortal : Besides , they which are against Blood-letting allow purges , which are contrary to nature , and is worse then Blood-letting : moreover , they bring notable examples for it , as Avenzoar's letting of his son blood at three Months old . In this Feaver , because evacuating blood is an excellent remedy , you may in the place of Blood-letting use Leeches which with ease open a vein , and do not wast the Spirits , they will be most safely safe applied to the Thighs , and also to the Arms : Or you may use Cupping-glasses , which are not to be used in the upper parts , because they draw humours from the whole body to the heart , wherefore it is safer to apply them to the Loyns or Hips , and then they must be oblonge and a narrow mouth , because to draw from profound parts ; If you apply them to the Thighes , they are to have a broad mouth , which draws from the parts which are next and remote according to Latitude . If the Belly be not loose use a Clyster or Suppository , before you use Cupping-glasses or Leeches , afterwards endevour to remove obstructions by internal and external remedies , that attenuate and deterge without any notable heat . Take Barly half a Pugil , the Leaves of Hyssop half an handful , boyl it according to Art ; Take of that Decoction two Ounces and an half , of Simple Oxymel five Drams , mingle it , and drink it ; when you have thus prepared the humours ; Purge gently , Take of Sebestens , two Drams of Raisins , the Leaves of Hyssop , the Flowers of Borrage of each one Pugill , make a Decoction according to Art , take thereof three Ounces ; of the Hony of Roses solutive , and of Manna , of each an Ounce and a half , mingle them ; the Purgative Medicaments may be lessened or increased as the body requires . Outwardly things that open obstructions are convenient ; Such as are gentle , as meal of Barly rubb'd upon the Skin , Barly-water , and a little Oyl of Almonds , cool and moisten the Breast , and prevent the increase of the heat of the Breast . A Bath of fresh Water is very convenient . This way may be observed also in a Tertian or Quartan Feaver , respect being had to the humour that is faulty . CHAP. III. Of the Small Pox and Meazles . THE Small Pox is a Disease formerly unknown to the Ancients , having neither writ any Book of it , nor described it ; and it is not improbable it had a Beginning in our Northern Countries , as it had in the West-Indies ; in which parts ( it is said by Historians ) that in that time in which we were infected by them with the French Pox they took from us the Small Pox and Meazles . It is a Disease belonging only to Mankind and not to Beasts , not is the Murrain or Leprosie in Hogs the same Disease with it , as is supposed by some . The Small Pox and Meazles have the same matter , cause , and Cure , but the Meazles are made of the thinner matter , and they differ from the Small Pox , in that , 1. The Meazles have little swellings , or that the rising of them can hardly be seen . 2. The matter of them is more dry and subtile . 3. They trouble and affect the eyes lesse then the Pox. 4. The Small Pox for the most part terminates into an Abscessus and Collection of ripened matter , which lasts many days and blemishes the body , but the Meazles scarce passeth the seventh day , either then they vanish or are almost wasted , and leave no deformity . The Cause as I conceive is not the Impurity of the maternal blood , as by most is supposed , because , 1. The Small Pox proceeds for the most part from the fault of the Air and Stars . 2. The fault of the menstruous blood was ever since the Sin of Eve , and therefore this Disease should have been always , but before the time of the Arabick Physicians , no Author was found that writ of the generation of this Disease , or clearly explain it , which if they had done , they would not have concealed it from us ( it being a great and dangerous Disease ) in regard they communicated in their Books small Diseases . 3. There is scarce any man but some time or other hath a greivous Disease which makes an Ebullition or boyling of blood , and putrefaction , until the body is clensed and purified divers ways , and so the fault from the menstruous blood would be expelled : but it is otherwise , for it follows immediately other Diseases , and the sanguine man who is most healthy is most troubled . It is granted that the seed of a Disease may lye in part of the body for many years , but the whole blood infected cannot stay long , and resist so many injuries , and if as some think the menstruous blood infected should ferment and turn into other ill Diseases , as pestilential Feavers , then the rest of the time they would be free from this Evill . 4. Sanguineous Beasts that have menstruous purgation , would have this Disease , as Bitches , Asses , and Mares , having the matter of the Disease ( as menstruous Purgation ) and the Agent , ( Heat . ) 5. Natures care and wisdome for Preservation , in seperating the Excrements from Nourishment in the Womb , the excrements are past into the Tunicles in which the Child is wrapt , and immediately after it is born , it purges by stool plentifully , and more then is fit for its bigness , which is sometimes bloody , black and white , and afterwards it hath Sores in the head , which purgeth the ill humours contracted in the Womb ; and though natures care may fail in some , it cannot fail in all . Nor is the cause of this Disease the fault of the Air , as some conceive it to be , because 1. This Disease arises from the Pravity of matter . 2. The quallity of the Air that produces the great effects that follow the Small Pox , would be very strong and powerful , and so young men would not be free from it . The true cause is a paternal propriety in the blood and Ichors of it , boyling by heat , which Ichors may be excited in the body divers ways . That the Ichors is the matter , is seen by the 1. Breaking of it out into the Skin . 2. All Synoche Feavers arise out of the boyling of the Ichors of blood , which Feaver is always in the Small Pox. 3. They are the Ichors ( or thin and serosous part of the blood ) because they are not sharp , if they were , there would be a concussion of the body and shaking when they are expelled . That the Disease is made by the Ichors or thin and serosous and waterish humidity , is manifest , because the humor that goes forth is not a Pus and thick matter ; but an Ichor & thin waterish humour , and that it is by Ebullition , appears in the heat , colour , and Accidents that happen . By this we may resolve our selves , 1. That in our dayes scarce any man but hath this Disease , because it is hereditary , which came first by the fault of the Stars , which affected all , or almost all , and now is propagated . As Indians now generate children with long heads , which in former Ages they endevoured to make by Art , and now is become a natural disposition . 2. This Disease is mortal to some and not to others , by the abundance and badness of humours , and ill constitution of body , that the blood and Ichors boyling , causes an unquenchable Fire and remedilesse putrefaction ; besides the badnesse of the Air , and errors in the ordering of the person . 3. They happen most to Children , because they are full of blood and thin waterish humidity , and abound with heat , being nearest to the principle of Generation , besides they are given much Motion . 4. They that have most thin and waterish humours , have most breakin gs out , and the thicker and more tenacious the humours are , the worse the marks and deformities are . 5. The face is most troubled , because of the Ebullition of the blood , the vapours ascend to the head , and so impetuously , that neither the Spirits of the head or face , or the Air to which the face is exposed , can resist ; besides , the face is moist and rare , and apt thereby to receive them . 6. The Feet and hands next to the face are chiefly troubled , notwithstanding the Skin is hard , because of the Sympathy between these parts and the Liver , which is seen in a hot Liver by the burning of the hands and feet . 7. The Small Pox troubles the eyes more then the Meazles , because the matter is thicker , and can be lesse resisted and repelled . 8. The Small Pox is contagious and infectious by the boyling of the blood , which sends vapours at a great distance , which enter into other persons and infect them , as it is in those that have sore eyes , and by the Hereditary Propriety , so that consanguineous persons are more easily affected in regard of the Similitude of their temper , and for that reason whole Families in a Plague are destroy'd . 8. Some have this Disease twice , very rarely thrice , almost all once , because this Hereditary Disposition only disposes , and continues as long as the Seminary parts in which it is implanted doth remain , which most commonly is consum'd the first time the Blood is inflam'd , and set on fire , especially the second time when the Blood Ferments . 9. Scars and blemishes are left chiefly in the Face , Lips , and Foreskin , because the Skin of them is without Flesh , or hath but very little , and therefore difficult to heal . The mediate causes of the Small Pox are , 1. Internall , hot and moist temper , soft and fat habit of body , and tendernesse of Age. Boys are more dispos'd to it then Girles , by the disparity of heat in them , boys being hotter . 2. External , hot and moist Air , Southern constitution , Spring time and an hot and moist region , or Contagion , or other things that move , or corrupt the thin and waterish part of the Blood. By what hath been said , the Small Pox may be defin'd to be a disease having Pustules in an outward part of the Skin , with a continual Feaver , by the peculiar Effervessency and Ebullition of the Ichorous Blood excited by the expulsive faculty . The Signes that this Disease is Imminent and coming , which either immediately accompany the Disease , or proceed it , are Pain in the Neck and Breast , with a heavinesse of the Eyes , Itching of the Nose , Shortnesse of Breath , Suddain trembling and starting , Often Sneesing , Urine sometimes muddy , sometimes sound weepings of the Eyes and tears falling of their own accord from them , a continuall Feaver . The Signes of the Disease present are manifest , being little swellings and spots ; in the Meazles they are Red and not high ; in the Small Pox , they first appear as the head of an Needle or Pin , immediately after they are greater , and red , and daily increase untill they are ripen'd , grow white , are made an Ulcers and Soars , and are dryed up . Presage , If the Small Pox and Meazles are White and a few , appear without any other accident ; or if many appear and the Feaver is diminish'd and other accidents , and the breathing easie , there is no danger . If the Small Pox are black or green , or if few or many appear , and the other accidents are worse , and exasperated and the breathing difficult , then it is pernitious and Mortall . They who dye of the Small Pox , dye either with a Sounding , an Inflamation ( with which they are strangled ) or a looseness of the Belly , which destroys the strength of the Child . The Cure is in , 1. Preserving the inward and outward parts , the outward are call'd so because they are seen , and they are the Eyes , Ears , Nose , and Mouth . The internall are Liver , Lungs , and chiefly the Guts ; the eyes are frequently troubled with heat , and a tenacious Ichor that Exulcerates them , whereby the Children cannot sleep , which is helpt by cooling and moderately binding Medicaments , as the water of Roses or Plantain mix'd with Sumach : Take of the water of Roses and Plantain of each five Ounces , Sumach half an Ounce , infuse them all night , and with a little white of an Egge mix them , wet a little Cotten in it , and wet the eye often with it ; if there be pain and Itching , take the water of roses and milk , and add a little Myrrh to them ; the scratching of the Eyes are to be avoided : If the Ears be pain'd , itch , and run , let them be kept open , if the pain be great , dip a Spunge in hot water with the Oyle of roses , and lay it to the Ear , the scratching whereof is very hurtfull . The Nose is defended from Ulcers if Roses or Plantain be boil'd in water , and the steam taken in at the Nosthrills . The Mouth is helpt by this Gargarisme ; Take of the water of Barly one Pint and an half , the leaves of Plantain and Flowers of Roses , of each one Dram , to which you may adde the Juice of Barbaries or Orange , and wash the mouth with it . 2. In helping of nature , in expelling the humour , which is perform'd by , 1. Dyet that is convenient . The Air is to be temperate , or rather somewhat hot , that the Pores may be opened , and the coming forth of the Small Pox promoted , therefore let the child be kept in a close room , that the cold Air by no means may come in ( by the opposition of the Air , many Children have dyed with a Benigne and gentle Small Pox , the matter of the Disease being repercuss'd to the interior Parts ; let a red cloth be laid next the Skin , which is conceiv'd by divers to be helpfull by a similitude it hath with the boyling Blood. Be carefull your cloathing be not too much , lest the Child be Smothered and Swound ; and so provide that the outward Parts are rather hot then cold , but that neither the heat of the Air , or weight of Cloathing , encrease the Feaverish heat of the Child ; and if the tongue waxes black with heat , the breathing is short , and Swounding is fear'd , let some cold water be near the Childs mouth , that he may suck the cold Air in , Sleep is helpfull , but the troubles of the mind ( especially Fear ) is to be avoided , only a little Anger may be admitted , which help the expelling the humour . If the Belly be bound , a very easie Clyster or Suppository may be used , which doth not hinder the motion of nature , because they only work in the Guts , and the motion of nature is to the Skin and in the Veins : besides Clysters do not deject us that they may be fear'd , contrary to what some think . Avoid fulnesse and emptinesse , let the body be kept in quiet and rubb'd a little , for it expells the humour : let the drink be Barly Water , with the Juice of Limmons or Barberies , or a Decoction of the roots of Sorrell , or a Decoction of Ivory or Hartshorn , especially in the beginning , and whilest the Feaver is vehement . If the Feaver is not very vehement , a Decoction of Barly and Figs will be most convenient , and commonly with successe hath been used by most eminent Physicians , for that effectually expells the humours to the Skin . If Wine be permitted it must be but a little , and in it steep Lettice , Endive , or Sorrell . Avoid gross meats , Spice , Salt , and Sweet meats , for sweet things destroy , and so doth bitter things , being dry , and contrary to the Childs nature , which is moist , wherefore the meat must be easie to concoct , cooling , as Barly Broth , or Broth in which cooling Hearbs are boyled ; and when the danger is over , you may feed them with Broth and Yelks of Egs put into it , with some Juice of Limon or Vineger . A dried Fig is good meat , for it expells the humour to the skin . 2. Emptying of the blood before the Eruption and breaking forth of the Small Pox or Meazles : If the Feaver is great , and there be a fulnesse of blood , then it may be admitted , unlesse the Age is very tender , or something else hinders it . It may not be used upon Children , that are weake , and forbeare the emptying of blood in Children before they are 10. Months old , though the Arabians appoint at five months . The lessenning of blood ought to be upon the first visit of the Physician , because of the beginning of the Ebullition of the blood , which is commonly then , the Fervour whereof ought to be abated , and nature eased ; so that one ought not to stay until the fourth day , but it may be done when one will , before that time and not after . The lessening of blood is done several ways , as by letting blood ( which ought to be very seldome ) Cupping-glasses or Leeches , the latter is most easie , and one or two may suffice in the place of Cupping-glasses , or opening a Vein . 3. Medicaments , All Physicians agree vehement remedies are not to be used , but some think gentle means may be used in the beginning of this Disease ; but I conceive that Medicaments may not be used in the beginning , because the operation of it will trouble nature in her work , which is critical ( the Physician being called when the blood is boyling ) and it is a rule , there is nothing to be done unlesse nature act imperfectly , which cannot be known in the beginning , but a Clyster may be then and at any time used , for that works only on the Guts , as is said a little before . Take a pint of Barly-water , 4 Ounces of the Syrrup of Violets , three Ounces of Butter , and an Ounce of red and course Sugar , mingle them for a Clyster , the quantity is to be altered , as the capacity of the Child is . A dried Fig is a convenient Suppository , and one made of hony . Where the humour moves forth , and the whole matter comes forth , there no evacuation must be used , for there the Child and all things are quiet : But if the Child is troubled , the trouble may be taken away with a Lenitive . Take of Tamarinds half an Ounce , Sebestens 15. of Barly two drams ; of the Flowers of Borrage , Violets , and Roses , of each a Dram , boyl them in a pint of water to half a pint . Take 4. Ounces of this Decoction , and an Ounce of Manna or more , as the Child is . Some think a gentle purge before the eruption , breaking out , and appearance of the Pox and Meazles , if the Child abound with ill humours , and the Feaver rage , may be used , for it lessens the ill humours , that thereby nature doth expel more cheerfully ; but if the Small Pox begins to break forth , then a Purge is pernicious and mortall . The rest of the Cure is in helping nature in expulsion ; wherefore if Nature doth not expell readily , and strongly , but slowly , use such a remedy as cools , binds , and opens . Take of Lents one Ounce , of Figs 10. Maidenhair two Drams , Smalledge roots half an Ounce , Sorrell half a handful , boil them in a pint and an half of water to a pint , use it morning and Evening , from four Ounces to six , as the Child is ; If nature expels strongly , omit the opening things , in regard of the Feaver which is great , and the openings are not then to be used ; but when nature expels slowly , which is known by the fewnesse and slownesse of their coming forth , This expels . Take of Lents two drams , of Figs fifteen , of Barly one dram , of Lettice and Sorrell of each an handful , boyl them in a pint and an half of water to a pint , use 6 , 7 , or 8. Ounces of it Morning and Evening , as the Child is : Note , that Lents boyled alone loosens the Belly , from whence are mortal Fluxes , nor it is not to be used alone for a remedy , because of its thickness and binding qualities . Take of French Barly one Pugil , slic'd Liquorish half a dram , red Cicers one dram , of the greater Cold seeds of each half a dram , Cordial Flowers of each one Pugill , three Figs , boyl them well in water to 6 Ounces , after it is strained dissolve in it half an Ounce of the Syrrup of Granat which is to be taken at twice , it is very good ; it mitigates and tempers the Feaver . These that follow are also good to expell , as Confection of Hyacynth , Alkermes , Contraherva , Harts-horn , or Scabius boyled ; so is Antimonium Diaphoreticum , Bezar-stone , and the Bezardical Minerall ; some use to bath with Luke-warm water to promote expulsion by relaxing the Skin . Observe that Medicaments that are Cordials and expelling , are to be used from the appearing and first coming forth of the Small Pox , to the Eleventh day , which some call the increase and state of Eruption of the Ebullition . If the Scabs dry not of themselves , and have matter in them , and are ripe , they are not to be opened , unlesse they be malignant , for if they be ripe and white , their heat and fervour , and eating of the flesh is gone , and they will dry and fall of themselves , and so there is no danger of its putrefying and leaving holes and marks . If the Scabs drye not of themselves fast enough , use Aloes , Litharidge , Cerusse , and Sanders , and wash them in salt water , in which Plantain , Roses , or some other drying thing is , that may take away the acrimony of the Salt. If they do not ripen fast enough , boil Figs and Mallowes together , and dip a Cloth in it , and touch them often with it being warm , it mitigates pain and ripens them . In the end of the Disease the Scabs sometimes turn into Ulcers , which are cur'd with the Ointment of Litharidge and Cerusse , and an ill colour is left , which is taken away thus . Take of Lupine Barly and Beans of each two Drams , bruise them and boil them in a convenient quantity of water until it is thick , and with it wash morning and evening the Childs hands and face , until the Scales fall off . The Scars and holes left by the Pox is hardly cureable , the fat of a man , and the Oil of Egs is very much commended . Chap. IV. Of the Consumption . A Consumption is called Leanness , Gracility , and Tenuity . If it be considered as an habit and a certain durable and permanent state of the body , and as hurting the Actions of the body , it is a Disease ; if as it depends on a vitiated Nutrition , and as a simple Disposition , then it is rather to be called a Symptome and an effect of a Disease . A Consumption is an Extabescency and Exiccation of the whole body , arising from a want of nourishing of the body . The Subject is the whole body , the harder part whereof may be dried and diminish'd , the Veins and Nerves may be so extenuated , that they may seem to be much lesse , that a great vein may seem to be a little vein , &c. but these parts cannot be so lessened as that the whole body should decrease , wherefore the whole body is said to be extenuated in respect of the more soft parts , as the fat and flesh ; the fat is first consumed because it is caused by cold , and whatsoever is concreted by cold ( unlesse it be vehement ) is easily dissolved by heat . Moreover , fat hath scarce any other use but to preserve the natural heat . After the fat , the flesh is consumed , which is as a bond of the Constitution of mans Body , but not necessary to Life ; but the seminary parts , as Veins , Nerves , Arteries , &c. are the foundation of Life , and cannot be consumed with the preservation of Life as the flesh can be which is not necessary for Life ; and it is of three sorts 1. Musculous , which consists of Veins , Membranes , and Arteries ; 2. Glandulous , as that of the Breast anp Testicles . 3. Pure Flesh , as that which is between the Teeth , and in the top of the Yard . These three sorts of Flesh consume in this order . First the the Musculous Flesh. Secondly , the Glandulous , and last of all the pure flesh . The immediate cause of this Disease , is the frustration of nourishing , either by the fault , 1. of the Aliment , being deficient and too little or vitious , that it is not assimilated , or attracted by the parts of the Body ; 2. or fault of the Nutritive faculty , when the naturall heat and radicall moisture is Defective . The nourishment and food is too little , when the appetite in the Stomach and other parts is wanting ( as in an Universal weaknesse , or ) when it is not distributed , the Meseraick Veins by their drynesse are often so shut and close , that the Chile cannot passe from the Stomach into the rest of the Body , and so the parts are extenuated . So likewise as often as the meat is prepar'd and sent another way , there is Leannesse as in Vomiting and Fluxes , so it is by worms consuming the nourishment that ought to be turned into flesh . The Blood is faulty & cause of Leanness when it is too Melancholical , for where the Spleen flourishes the rest of the body growes Lean , and where the rest of the body consumes , the Spleen growes : So likewise when the Blood is too Cholerick , for then it is offensive to nature , for no blood can be turn'd into the substance of the body that hath Choler mixt with it , or if it be waterish , whereby bodies also consume , as in Dropsies ; so likewise if the blood be Salt , leannesse is caused , for Salt things are Earthy , Dry and contrary to nourishment , and dry the body and is not assimilated , and therefore consume and extenuate directly and naturally ; by accident Salt may conduce to nourishment by exciting an Appetite , and distributing the Food , but naturally it is contrary to nourishment , insomuch that some have Writ that Fishes are not nourish'd with Water or Juyces that are Salt , but with sweet things , or other things that are found in the Sea. Nourishment is also hindered by the fault or distemper of the Part that should assimilate the nourishment , when it is too dry ; so it happens to old walls to which Lime cannot be agglutinated by reason of the great drynesse of it : Moreover , Leanness is also made by causes that dissolve the fat and flesh , as great Feavers do ; but in Children it is caused for the most part by the defect of nourishment , being either too little or vitious and unusefull , proceeding from the fault of the milk ; ( wherefore it is , that Children by one Nurse fattens , and consume by another ) or Worms destroying their nourishment ; and sometimes by a distemper of some principall part , as the Stomach , Liver , or Heart , and it is observ'd that an old and contumations and native consumption , cannot be , without the Liver be affected and the temperament dry , but that which is new may be from any one of the causes aforesaid . The external causes of a Consumption are a hot or dry Air , hence it is that most Aethiopians are lean and most men consume in Summer , Watching and Care consumes a Body and as it were eats it ; Meditation , Grief , Study , Immoderate Venery , natural Bathes that drye , Scarcity of Food and feeding once a day consume men and Children , of which quality are sharp things . It is also conceived that Children by reason of the softnesse and tendernesse of their body grow lean and consume by Fascination , proceeding from their touching unhealthy bodies , or the unwholsome vapours out of the Eyes or Mouthes of Women not well ; which truely is not Fascination , for Witchcraft is rather the work of the Devil , then by any proper power of the Sages . The Signs of a Consumption are manifest , for the Flesh and Fat are visibly consum'd , the face like one that is dead , and the figure of the whole hody deprav'd . If it is from a cause that melts and dissolves the Fat and Flesh , there was or is a violent Feaver . If from want of food , it is known in elder Children by their not taking what is necessary ; in Sucking Children , by the Flagginess and Emptiness of the Nurses Breast , the ill dyet of Nurses , the Child pisses little and doth not wet his Cloaths , cryes and Sucks eagerly . If the want of food is the cause , because nourishment goes into other parts , it is known by the loosness of the Belly , plenty of Urine and worms . If the defect is , because the meat is not exactly prepar'd in the Stomach , there is belching of Wind , Vomiting , and want of Appetite , or some hot distemper . If from the fault of food , if in Infants , the Nurses milk is not good ( for milk is made of food ) by the colour and ill constitution of the Nurse it is easily known , if the Milk is bad , it will not be very white , have an ill taste , not sweet , of an ill smell , and more thick and fluid then it ought to be . The thickness and thinnesse of the Milk is known , if some Milk is Milk'd upon the Nail of the Thombe , and if it presently runs off , it is too thin , if it stayes and moves not off , it is too thick ; Or if you curdle it , the whey and curds ought to be equall , else it is to thin or to thick , besides if the Milk be thin andsharp , the Child is troubled with Pain , loosenesse , and very ill breakings out . If the milk is thick , the Child is costive and there are little Inflamations , Swellings and Vomitings , they pisse little , move and breath with difficulty , and are full of Phlegm . In those that are elder , the badnesse of food is known by the colour of the Skin and out-side of the body , wherefore if the countenance be ill colour'd , scabby or pimpell'd ; or if any other part is weak , as the head Stomach or Liver ; or if their be any infirmities , distempers or passions of mind , it is certain the Leanness is from the fault of the food . Also it happens by the weaknesse from some Disease . If these things had not been , the Child would have had a florid and fresh colour , good appetite , and would eat and not complain . If Leannesse be from Fascination , no art or natural means is effectual , and there is no internal or external cause of Leannesse in regard of the Nurse or Child . Presage , 1. All Suddain Leannesse proceeding from a Feaver is mortal , because of the Vehemency of the cause , weakness of the strength , tenuity of the humour , and laxity of the whole Body . 2. Consumptions that are seldome and not from Feavers , especially those that are great and ill , are sometimes cureable . 3. Lean bodies that are moist and have a moist Skin may be made fat , because all soft bodies are apt and fit to be extended into any dimension . 4. Bodies that are dry and have their Skin hard and rough , can scarce be fatned . 5. Bodies that have the Skin dry and cleaving to the bones , that neither by the hand nor Art can be stretch'd out , there is no hope of fatning them ; but if the Skin be wrinkled and rugged so that it may be drawn forth , and as it were seperated from the bones , there is some hope of making them fat . The Cure is , 1. in Children that suck , if the Milk be too little or bad , change the Nurse and choose one who hath good Milk , the notes whereof you have before , let her be of a good constitution , of a white and red colour , of a good converversation and behaviour , not under 20. nor above 40. years old , having had Children twice , and being not above 2 or 3 moneths from her last delivery , broad chested , having breasts neither big nor small , but moderate . If the Nurse may not be chang'd , let her be in a temperate Air , let her Sleep well , it augments Milk , let her avoid Passions , especially Anger , Grief , and Love , ( for they corrupt the Milk ) and congresse with a man spoils the Milk , or provokes the menstruous Flux that the Milk is lessened . A Nurse that lives with her husband is allowed coition and congresse with him , lest She be disturbed by desire of it , and by experience we see that Mothers that live with their Husbands , and use congresse , Nurse the Child without any hurt . The Nurse ought to use moderate exercive , rubbing of her bosome and breasts before she eats is convenient , let her not drink , or very little , and that which is sweet which lest offends the head , lest by increasing Milk the Child hath the Falling Sicknesse ; The meat ought to be of a good and plentifull nourishment , avoiding sharp , salt and bitter things , the best bread , the Flesh of Birds , Veal , Mutton , and the like , Fish is to be avoided , Broath especially , with the Milk of Almonds increase Milk. If the Milk be faulty by the coldnesse , moisture and thinnesse of it , the Dyet must be hot for the correcting of it . If the Nurses body abound with cold and moist humours , prepare and purge them , but with gentle Purgatives , as the Syrrup of Roses or Rhabarbe , whose weak vertues are extinguish'd before they are communicated to the blood ; if you purge strongly , let not the Child suck the Nurse two or three days after . If the Milk is too thick the Diet is to be attenuating , Vinegar , Raddishes and the like are good , a gentle Vomit is more convenient then a Purge . If the Milk be sharp and hot , the Nurse is to be kept in a cold Air , Rest , Baths of fresh water are convenient , Wine is hurtful ; let the meat be Barly broth , with cooling Herbs , especially Lettice , which cools and thickens the blood , and increases Milk , avoiding salt , and things acrimonious , and Spices . If the fault be not in the Milk , but in some part of the Infant , the Nurse is to be dieted and purged , and the Infant is to take no inward Medicament , but external , because these Ages bears not vehement Medicaments , wherefore external remedies are only to be used ; and therefore if the Childs Stomach be cold and moist , hot or dry Plaisters , Bathings , and Oyntments are to be used , for the correcting of them . Take the Leaves of Marjoram , Mint , of each one handful , the Aromatick Reed , and the Flowers of red roses , of each half a handful , the water of Calamint one Pint , of Sweet Wine two Ounces , boyle them well , and with a Cloth dipp'd in it , bath the Stomach if it be cold ; Afterwards annoint it with this : Take the Oyl of Mastick half an Ounce , the Powder of Cinamon and Cloves of each half a Dram , mixe a little wax with them , and make an Oyntment . If the Stomach be dry , bath it with Milk , and annoint it with this . Take fresh Butter , the fat of an Hen , of each half an Ounce , Saffron four grains , the Oyl of Wormwood three Ounces , mingle them and make a Liniament . If the Leannesse is from heat , Take Cichory , Endive , Water-lilly , and Wormwood waters , of each four Ounces , Vinegar two Ounces , make a fomentation for the Liver , afterwards annoint the side with this : Take of the Oyntment of Sanders , ●i●hory , and Liverwort waters of each two Ounces , of the Vinegar of Roses , one Ounce , make a Liniament . If Leanness is from Loosness , the Nurse is to use binding meats , as Quinces , Services , Rice , Medlers , or Broth of an old Hen , and Calves feet , Corral or Jaspers Stone hung about the childs neck is convenient . So is this , Take of Mirrh and Quince of each half an Ounce , powder of Red Coral two Ounces , of Oakwater two Ounces , the powder of Mastick and Tormentill , of each half a Dram , mingle them , and make a Liniament , the senting of the Clothes with Fumes of things that are binding , are also convenient . If Leannesse arise from the drynesse of the whole body , use Bathing with fresh water , in which are boyled Mallowes , Lettice , Water-Lillies , or Endive ; and a Liniament may he made of the Oyl of Roses , Violets , Butter without Salt , and Hogs grease ; Clysters are also good in these cases made of Milk , or Bread boyled in broth , or made of Eggs , because they may nourish Children , being they are next to Generation , that is , the state which they had in the womb , in which they were nourish'd by the Navil , without the Concoction and preparation of the Stomach . Observe , that Plaisters to draw nourishments to the parts , are not convenient for Children , because their bodies are as Wax , and that sort of remedy by the heat of it , doth enervate and wast the flesh of Infants . If the Child is bewitcht , a Saphir or Carbuncle hung about the Childs Neck is conceived good ; so is Hartsthorn hung in the house , and many more which I omit as superstitious or false . If the Child doth not suck , but is nourish'd with solid Meats , then the Cure is by removing , 1. The External Cause , or the Internal Disease ( if it be the cause of it ) caused by proper remedies to it . Afterwards , by procuring a good Nourishment distributed and assimulated , which is done by a convenient Diet. Let the Air be temperate and moist , heat hurts , and be careful the Child is not Clothed too hot ; Let the sleep be long , the mind quiet , the Exercise moderate , and that which is slow , fatness and swift exercise consumes , the Belly moderately loose , Baths used seasonably , Wine that is thin ( thick Wine obstructs , and is not vehicle for the meat ) Odoriferous , somewhat sweet , not sharp , but very moderately used . The Meat nourishing somewhat fatty , Juicy , neither salt nor acide ( unless it be to provoke a Stomach ) as the Flesh of Fowl , Veal , &c. Eggs , the Brains of a Calf , or Hog-bread boyled in Broth , Rice boyled in Milk. Parsnip steep'd in Milk , Raisins , and Almonds . Besides these , there are meats that fatten either by a quality , 1. Manifest , by helping concoction , as Spices , by being gratefu to the Stomach , and increasing the native heat of it , as Cinamon , Cloves , and Nutmegs . Take the Pulpe of a boyled Capon and Patridge , of each half an Ounce , of the Pine Kernell , Pistack Nut steep'd in Mallagoe Wine half an Ounce , of Sweet Almonds an Ounce , Cinamon , Clove , and Nutmegs , of each an Ounce , and an half ; Fine Sugar , as much as suffices ; make Lozenges , they are pleasant and fatten much , or by apposing and fastning the meat , as all Diureticks and Diaphereticks do which opens the wayes and carries the nourishment to the parts : So doth Drinking likewise between Meals , or by apposing and fastning the meat to the parts by their tenacious and viscid humidity , which humidity in hot and drye bodies is to be cold , and in cold bodies , hot : 2. By a Propriety and an occult quality , as Sarcocolla ; now the Indian Nut is in great use , the Marrow whereof being finely bruised , an Ounce , or two , or half an Ounce , is mix'd with broth . Take of sweet Wafers and Sarcocolla of each one pound , make a past with Butter , and drye them ; then powder it , and use five Ounces in cold water . Observe cold water is praised by many , and cold meats , but this is by a manifest quality , and good where Leanesse is by the great heat of the Liver . The Third Book Of Inward DISEASES of several parts . CHAP. I. Of the Epilepsy or Falling-Sicknesse . IN the two precedent Books , you have the External and Universal Diseases , in this Book you have Inward Diseases , belonging to particular parts of the body , but in regard Children especially before 7. years of Age have not the use of reason , reason being as it were drowned and drunk with moisture and humours , which made one say , the Souls of Children differ nothing from the Souls of Beasts , for whilst we are Infants we all live the Lives of Beast , using only the faculties of the Vegetative and Animal Souls , therefore the faults of the Actions of the rational faculty ( as Phrenzy and Madness ) are not considered by Physicians amongst Childrens Diseases , which likewise I omit in this Book . The Epilepsy hath several Names , I shall only mention three of them here . It is called , 1. A Childs Disease , because Children are most frequently troubled with it , by the cold distemper and large moisture of the Brain . 2. An holy and divine Disease , so divers of the Ancients testifie in their Writings . 3. Lunatick ( 26. Matth. the Lunatick there was the same with this ) because as one excellently says , they who are conceived in the change of the Moon , when the Moon is in conjunction with the Sun , without Light , they have the Falling Sicknesse . The Falling Sicknesse is a preternatural involuntary and intermitting contraction and retraction of all the Muscles and Nerves . The mediate cause of an Epilepsy by consent , is a Vapour raised from the lower parts , to the head ( which some think is but seldome ) whether it be from fear , corrupted Milk in the Stomach , Worms , breeding of Teeth , the Small Pox , Meazles , or Feavers . The immediate Cause of the Falling Sickness , when the Brain is primarily affected , is a thin humour or vapour , because it is made and gone quickly , therefore the matter of it must be such as may go away and return quickly , which cannot be in a thick humour , which must be dissolved by concoction , which is done in time and not suddenly ; which vapour or thin humour , by a peculiar vertue , doth prick the Membrane of the Brain , and part where the Nerves begins , causing a Constriction of the passages , and exciting the sensible parts to an Expulsion of what is hurtful , thence is the shutting out and Retraction of the sensique Spirits , and by a defect of them , follows a diminution , or cessation , or abolition of the Actions of the mind , and thereby all the parts of the body have a convulsive motion . A cold and moist temper of the Body , hereditary Disposition , and the Nativity being in the Eclipse of the Moon , are Dispositions to this Disease . The external Causes are , 1. Things which administer matter , as grosse and vaporous meat , as old Pigeons , Sparrows , Eales , &c. 2. Things that excite it , as Moon-shine , the smell of stinking things , also great fear , and tickling . Signs of the coming of it in children are because the Child is born of Parents that have the Falling Sicknesse ; in those that are elder , Pains of neck , back , heart , fears , and inordinate motions in the sleep , often spitting . Signs of the Paroxysme , and when it is upon the Child , are as 17. Matth. a noise crying out , falls in the fire , foames out of his mouth , and is without sense , so was the Child cur'd by Christ in the Chapter aforesaid , but that Child was Epileptick and possest with a Devil , as one learnedly sayes , or as another sayes , the Child was Epileptick , but the Disease made in him by the Evil of the Divel . The froth in the mouth , is made , because the Spirits , and Fume which come from the Lungs is mixt with the Spittle and Phlegme that comes from the head , which moved and exagitated to and fro turns into froth , as the Sea-water agitated and broken with many winds . The Noise is a kind of Voice made from the motive faculty , hurt and depraved . Prog. This Disease in Children is the most acute Disease , and therefore mortal , because of the straightnesse and narrownesse of the Veins , that cannot receive the grosse Phlegme , and so it remains in the Brain , or because of the moistnesse of the Brain , and the weaknesse of the motive faculty , the humor cannot be dissolved or driven forth far enough out of the Ventricles of the Brain . 2. Those that are once cur'd , are never again Epileptick , because the expulsive faculty continually expells , gathering of humours the same way it did when the Disease was removed , whereby it cannot be gathered into the Ventricles to offend . 3. The Epilepsy which is by Error of Diet , is incurable of it self without help . 4. The Falling Sicknesse which is from the Birth of the Child and his Parents , is cur'd of its own accord without any rethe great humidity which is the cause of this Disease is lessened by Age , and the faculties are stronger . If it happen after the change of Age , that is after 25. years , it is most difficult and impossible to cure , because then the faculties are strong , and congenited moisture lessned , & cannot overcome the cause of the Disease , which is very powerful and as it produceth it can preserve the Disease ; and because the humours which makes the Episepsy , are Melancholy and dry , and so difficult of themselves to be taken away , and daily increase by Age. The Cure is , 1. A convenient Diet , which belongs to the Nurse , for a sucking Child , and the same is to be used by a Child that doth not suck ; You are to choose and prepare the Air to be hot and dry , they that live in cold Countries , their Children are often Epileptick , use moderate sleep , for this Disease is as it were asleep ; avoid unseasonable exercises , fears , and frighting ( which hath often brought the Disease ) Bathes , and fulnesse are hurtful , so is much fasting , it fills the head . So Wine hurts the Nerves , and is to be avoided , the Drink is to be such that heats , but not hurting the head , the meat hot and attenuating , which hath cur'd many : but that which breeds gross humours , is windy , and with a certain propriety offends the head , is to be avoided . 2. If the Child suck , and the Disease be by consent from the Stomach ( which is most frequent ) being oppress'd with too much Milk , let the Child suck seldome ; Or from the ill quality and sharpnesse of the Milk , correct the Milk and apply this Plaister to the Stomach , Take of the Powder of Aloes and Myrrhe , of each half a Scruple , the Powder of Mastick one Scruple , and mingle them with a little Wax and Rosine , and apply it to the mouth of the Childs Stomach . If it be by the fault onely in the head , which is most frequently , the use of Hony is profitable . Take of Paeony half a Scruple , of the Leaves of Stocados and Betony half a Pugill , Cyperus one Scruple , powder them finely , put of this Powder in a little Spoon , and put it into the Childs mouth and presently give him the Breast , that he may Swallow the Powder . A Seton in the neck is very profitable , so is the following Powder sprinkled upon the head : Take Maidenhair , Cypresse , Iridis of each two Drams , Cloves one Scruple , powder them finely and mix them . The whole body may be anointed with Camomile and the oyle of Iridis : Take the Leaves of Coltsfoot one handfull , of Oak , Misseltoe , half an Ounce , boyle it according to Art , and dip a Cloth in it , and wrap the child in the Cloth , it is much commended , Paeony and Smaradge is much commended to be hung about the Childs neck that it may reach to the Stomach . If the Child be somewhat great , and the Epilepsy be by consent , and from other parts sending a thin humour or vapour to the brain , Purge him as he is able to suffer and alter the distemper of the part . If it be outwardly in the Arm , Thigh , Hip , or other part , rubbing is good and a discutient Plaister applyed to the part , then if it will not do , Blister the part . If the Disease be by the fault only of the head , use first this Clyster , Take of the lesser Centaury half an handfull , of Mallowes one handfull , of Bran tyed in a Cloth half a Pugill , boyle them according to Art , Take of that Decoction 8 Ounces , of Hony an Ounce and half , of Chamomile 2 Ounces and an half , of Salt , half a Dram ; mingle them and make a Clyster , then prepare the humours , Take of the Leaves of Stocados , Betony , of each half a handfull , the seed of Paeony one Dram , boyle them according to Art , Take of that Decoction 3 Ounces more or lesse , as the Childs age will bear , of the Syrrup of Stocados and Oxymel , Simple , of each half an Ounce , mingle . When the humors are prepared , then Purge ; but although this Disease require vehement remedies , yet they are not to be used , by reason of the Age. Two Scruples of Pillulae Aureae are sufficient ; or take of the Trochische of Agarick two Drams , infuse it all night in two Ounces of Betony-water , strain it hard , then add two Ounces of the Hony of Roses solutive , the Electuary di Psillie one Dram , mingle and make a Potion : this Disease many times appears not in two or three moneths and is very stubborn , therefore for the perfect curing it , Take of Guyacum two Ounces , of the Water of Betony two pints , infuse it 24. hours , and boyle them to the consumption of a third part , and in the end add two Drams of the seed of Paeony finely powdered , of Oak Misselto one Dram and half , of Coriander-seed one Dram , afterwards Strain it and make a Syrrup of it , then take the same Guiacum and put four pints of common water to it , and boyle the fourth part away , and in the end add two Ounces of Anniseed , and use it as ordinary drink , and give of the Syrrup three or four Ounces every morning , continuing so 40. 50. or more days ; Blistering is good , so are Fontanells and Issues . There is no Disease that hath more remedies commended by Authors then this hath , I shall content my self with the following remedies , Take of the seed of Paeony and take Misseltoe of each two Drams , Cardamums one dram , Cantharades prepared two Scruples , Powder them and make an Electuary of them , of which half a Dram may be taken three hours before meat : Take Coriander prepar'd , Mustard-seed , Nutmeg of each half a Dram , the Seed of Paeony 7 Drams , Dictamnes 2 Drams , make a Powder of them , and give the Child of it in the morning at your pleasure , in Wine that is hot . A long use of Mithridate , with a Decoction of Paeony cures any Epilepsy as some think , so doth a little fine Mosche given twice or thrice a day : Take of the Oyle of Amber , the Spirit of Vitriol of each two or three Graynes , with the water of Betony , and it presently frees the Child from the Fit. CHAP. II. Of Convulsion . CHildren often fall into a Convulsion by the weakness of the Nerves , plentiful use of thick Milk , Crudities , and by breeding of Teeth . The matter of it is the same as is in the Falling Sicknesse , and it is very like to it , so that an Eminent Physician said a Convulsion was an Epilepsie of a part , and an Epilepsy a Convulsion of the whole body , both being a Contraction of the Muscles : but they differ one from another , because in an Epilepsy the Internal and External senses are hurt ; but in a Convulsion the Brain is not so affected , and the sense is not lost : in the Epilepsy the matter in the Muscles is quickly discuss'd , in the Convulsion not , which is only also a contraction of the part , but the Epilepsy is a Convulsion of the whole body . A Convulsion is a preternatural Contraction of one or many parts of the body : If it be a Contraction of the Anteriour parts of the Neck towards , it is called Emprostonos , or a Contraction of the parts before us ; If the hinder parts Opistotonos ; if both the hinder and anterior parts are contracted , it is called Tetanos . The Cause of a Convulsion , by consent , is when the knawing or pricking of the Mouth , or Stomach , or any other part , hurts the beginning of the Nerves . The Cause of an essential Convulsion is either repletion or exiccation , for as strings fil'd with too much humour , or are too much dryed , they are contracted and break , so it is with the Nerves , if they imbibe too much humor , they grow broader and shorter , and so contract ; and if to drye they shrink up . Repletion is from a Phlegmatick humour ; the exiccation and dryness , is from a great peculiar Feaver , which doth not universally dry the whole body , but wast the Nerves more then the flesh , and that violently ; So that though a Hectick Feaver doth very much drye the body , yet it produces no Convulsion , in regard the dryness is made leisurely and easily in all parts , so that the Nerves are not dryed with any great vehemence . Some saye that this dryness proceeds from any immoderate evacuation , or things that vehemently heat and dry . The External Causes are a moist Air , wherefore Children have the Convulsion most often in the full of the Moon , the Air being the most moist , hurting the Nerves of the Child , Watching , Fear , which making the Spirits retire , the Nerves are contracted ; Bathes , Costiveness , and binding of the Belly , Drinking of strong Wine , Milk plentifully taken , or thick , crying , the ill Diet of the Nurse , and from other parts . Signs are manifest , if it be made by consent , it is in a moment ; if by essence , it is always ; if from repletion , it is made suddenly , and in a small time ; if by dryness and inanition , it is caused by degrees , and in a longer time . Prog. The Convulsion that begins from the back is mortal . 2. Children ●hat have the Convulsion perish for the most part before the seventh day from their Nativity . 3. Convulsions in Children are more easily cur'd then in men , because their humidity is Airy , and is easily overcome . 4. Convulsions from a perfect and consummated drynesse is incureable , but that which is not from a perfect dryness is cureable , which as the dryness is more or lesse , is easier , or with more difficulty . The Cure of a Convulsion from repletion and moisture , is the same as in an Epilepsy . The Members and parts contracted are to be restored gently by hands to its straightnesse , then annoint and rub the part with a convenient Oyl , as of Lillies or Cammomile ; The Syrrup of Betony and Staecados , with the Spirit of Black Cherries , may be used ; Carduus Water is very good . If the Convulsion is from drynesse , the Cure is by moistning of the body by Diet , and Medicaments , a Bath that is hot and moist is convenient ; and annointing the part with the Oyle of sweet Almonds , sweet Butter , and such things that soften and moisten . CHAP. III. Of a Palsy . IN the two preceeding Chapters were considered the depravation of Motion ; in this place the Abolition and diminution of motion will be discoursed of ; not abolition of the whole body , for Children are never troubled with a universal Palsy and privation of sense and motion in the whole body , which is called an Appoplexy , appears by experience and observation ; and Apoplexies are made for the most part from 40. years to 60. Although Children have often the Falling Sicknesse , which hath the same matter and part affected , as the Apoplexy , and differs from an Apoplexy , because it is a Privation of motion , and an Epilepsy the Depravation : Nevertheless a Child is not troubled with the Apoplexy , not because it proceeds from a Melancholy humour , as some think , which a Child hath not , which is untrue ; for a Child may have a Quartan Ague , which is caused by Melancholy , as you may see in the Chapter of Feavers ; but because the matter in the Epilepsy is not so thick , as that which makes the Apoplexy , being only Phlegme , besides the Phlegme of Children is Airy and flatulent ; Moreover the expulsive faculty of the Brain is strong in Children , so that it more effectually expells the humour , that it stop not the Ventricles of the Brain , which happens not in those Ages in which the humour is thick and lesse flatulent , and the expulsive faculty more weak . A Numness and Palsy , is a distemper of the same kind , and differ only in degree , for a Numness is but as it were an imperfect Palsy , and a Palsy is as it were a certain great Numness . The cause is a pituitous humour which by coldness & moistness thickens & obstructs the Nerves , that they cannot receive the animal Spirits , or Influence of thea nimal faculty ; & as this obstruction and condensation of the nerves and ways of the faculties is more or lesse , so it makes numnesse or weak motion or want of motion . In a Palsy there is no motion because the wayes of the faculties are totally stopt , in a numnesse they are not stopt completely , therefore the faculty operates , and there is a weak motion . The external causes are compressions by falls , blowes , binding tumours or other causes which can compresse and condensate the nerves that a free ingresse of the faculty is hindered . Signs , if a part is affected with the Palsy it cannot move , and is called the Dead Palsy ; if with numnesse , the party can move but weakly and with difficulty . If the Disease be in the Spinalis medulla the Arms and all the inferiour parts are hurt ; if the right part of it is affected , all the parts on the right side , if the left , the left parts . If in the Osse sacro the parts above it are well and the parts inferiour to it are hurt . Prog. every Palsy especially that which is inveterate is difficult to cure in Children but numnesse is more easie to cure . If a Feaver or trembling comes upon a Palsy or numnesse it is very helpfull , for the Feaver dissolves the matter of the Disease and the trembling drives the same matter from the nerves . The Cure is the same as in the Epilepsy and Convulsion , and greater remedies are to be used to the Palsy then Numnesse : Take of Earth , worms a large quantity , burn them in a clean pot , afterwards let them be powdered , take of that powder half a pound , of Ginger and and Galangle of each half an Ounce , make a Liniament of them with clarified hony with which annoynt the Child three nights , binding his Arm upon his Belly and covering well the Child , and beware that the Child is not expos'd to the cold unto the third day ; & so in three days the Child will be cured either of the Palsy or Convulsion as divers affirm . CHAP. IV. Of Childrens dreaming and troubled Sleep . THe consideration of the chief Diseases belonging to motion , being past , it follows in the next place to consider the Distempers of the common sense , which in Children are Dreams and immoderate Watching . Children never sleep moderately , for they are opprest with sleep in the womb and after they are born they sleep for the most part , because the infant is mindfull of the perpetual sleep he had in the Womb and because his body is very moist , not only by the abounding with humours , but by the sollid parts being moist and soft , the want whereof in old men and their having sollid and dry parts of their heads ( though they abound with humours ) makes them most watchfull . 2. But this sleep is natural , but when sleep which should be for the restoring of the spirits and natural heat consumed by watching , is unquiet , troubled and terrifying , this is a distemper hapenning to Children here intended . Disturb'd sleep is an effect in the kind of depraved actions of the Common sense . This distemper in an infant is like to the Incubus or Night-mare in these that are elder , and as that foreruns an Apoplexy , so terrifying dreams are Signes of an Epilepsy and other ill Diseases . The internal cause is a corrupted meat in the Stomach , they are made in Children by the debility of the Stomach , ( from which arises sad Phantasies , for as men are sad and troubled as often as the Stomach is grieved ) and the notable sense of the mouth of it ; the manner of it is this , Melancholly arises out of the corrupted meat of the Stomach whose Phantasmes are carryed to the Imagination which they necessarily deterre and consequently make terrifying Dreams , which are the operations of the Imaginations about Phantasmes offered from the senses . The externall cause is milk or meat corrupted , and by its acrimony knawing the mouth of the Stomach . Signs are the groaning of Children , shaking , crying out of Children in their sleep , an unnaturall colour and heat and a stinking breath , by which many are deceived and think they have the worms . The Cure is , if the Milk be bad from the constitution of the Nurse change her , if from dyet , correct it , if it be good , it is vitiated and corrupted in the Stomach by the plenty of it , therefore let the Child suck lesse . If the Child suck not , let him not eat too much nor bad meat , and remove what is corrupted in the Stomach , to this end the giving of hony to Children is commended because it clenses the Stomach and Guts . A Suppository is convenient , so is a Clyster ; Take of whey six or eight Ounces , of Hony an Ounce and half , Salt a scruple ; mingle them and make a Clister . If the Child be somewhat big Hiera Pietra may be used which wonderfully clears the Stomach , which being done , the Stomach is to be comforted with half a Scruple of the powder called Diamosce , or as much of London Treacle , may be used by the Child ; or take of the Species of Diamoschi one Scruple , of Diacalamint one Scruple and half , Sugar and Rose-water as much as suffices to make them into small Lozenges , one whereof powdered may be given every morning in Milk and suck presently after it . If the Child is wean'd , give it powdered in Broth or Milk. Outwardly Ointments comforts the Stomach , annoint it with the oyle of Wormwood , Mint , Nutmegs , or Mastick , and Bathings made of Wormwood , Roses , and Wine and Plaisters also comfort it . It is convenient to hang red Corall about the Childs neck which comforts the Stomach by a secret quality if it touch it outwardly . CHAP. V. Of immoderate watching of Children . THe want of sleep in Children is very hurtful , being contrary to their nature , who by the greatest and most large sleep , are not made sick ; and being used to sleep much , it causes sharp humours , alters the temper of the brain it makes Feavers and Crudities , and weakens Children . The cause is not drynesse , as in men but the corruption of the Milk and meat in the Stomach , from which sharp vapours ascend to the brain and offending the Membrane hinder sleep . If the vapours are thick and ascend not to the brain , then only sad Phantasme which onely moves the Imagination and causes troubled Dreams are made , but not watchings . The Signs are manifest , they continually cry , mourn , and sleep not . Prog. The want of sleep is an evill and hurtfull , and in Children , because it is contrary to their nature . The Cure is in taking care the milk and meat be good in quantity & quality , as in the preceeding Chapter , let the Nurse use meats that are very good and apt to cause sleep , as Lettice , sweet Almonds and the like , avoiding strong Wine ; let the Child be kept clean and wash'd , and change the Childs Linnen , which often causes sleep and whilest he cryes appease him by motion , singing , or giving the Child Suck , foment and annoint the Stomach with the Oyles in the preceeding Chapter let the feet be washed with a decoction of Mallowes , annoint the feet with the Marrow of the bones of a Hart , annoint the Temples with the Oyle of Violets , or Juice of Poppies . Some use the Confection of Requies Nichelai , and Sirrup of Poppies , when there is great necessity , but they are not to be used often , for they stupifie and dull the brain of the Child . CHAP. VI. Of the Inflammation of the Head. IN regard the Diseases of the Sight and Hearing in Children have nothing peculiar to them from the same Diseases in men , they are here omitted , and the Diseases belonging to the natural faculty of the Head considered . This Disease is called by a Word derived from another Greek word , which the Latins interpret a Hole , because the Head is perceived as it were excavated and made hollow , in the former part of the Head ; it is called by some the heat and burning of the head . It is an Inflamation of the parts about the Brain and the Membranes . The Cause is a humour , whilest it putrifies , it doth resemble the nature of Choler , not that it is true pure Choler , because it cannot be imagin'd how heat , before the Disease or in it , can make the most hot humour ( as Choler is ) in the head that is moist and almost water nor pure Phlegme , because it is cold and moist , and the humidities of Children are hot , therefore old men waxe gray , because they abound with Phlegme ; Children not , because they abound not with Phlegme that is cold and moist . The External causes are a very hot Air , blows , falls , Milk that is very hot , by the Nursés using hot drinks ; Milk hath the power of making one drunk , and one observes well , tender Kids of Goats are made mad with Milk , and there is no doubt but the tender Brain of Children are much offended by the Milk of Nurses . The Signs are , the Hole and cavity of the Anterior part of the head , because the heat of the Inflammation dries the Brain , which being drye , the Skull is deprest , and sunk with its own weight and makes a hollownesse of the eyes ; by the same cause is a heat of the whole body and dryness , continual Feaver , palenesse of Countenance , weaknesse , losse of Appetite , want of sleep , and a loosness of the Belly . Prog. This Disease is very dangerous in Children , because they are more easily extenuated by their heat , it is wont to kill in three days , afterwards there is hopes , the Disease declines , and the strength increases . The Cure is in 1. Dyet , let the Nurse drink only water , and use such Meats which greatly cool , as Ptisan , and Barly Broth , with the Emulsions of the Seeds of Poppy-Broths , with Lettice and Endive ; the Nurse and Child are to be kept in a cold Air , in great quiet of mind and body . Purges are unprofitable or hurtful , but if the Child be costive , his belly may be loosned with a common Suppository , or this Clyster : Take of Barly water Three Ounces , of Whey Five Ounces , red Sugar half an Ounce , mingle them . Outwardly use two Ounces of the Oyl of Roses , with the Yelk of an Egge , it mitigates pain , concocts and dissolves the humour ; the Juice of Lettice , Pomkins , and Melons , the flesh whereof may be pounded , and the Juyce prest out , and the Leaves of Lettice steep'd in it , and laid upon the head , or a Cloth dipp'd in the Juice . These Medicaments are often to be changed , lest by staying too long on the head , they heat , and dry , and hurt as much as help ; and in the Winter they are to be laid on lukewarm ; in the Summer cold : Nor is it safe to exceed these cold remedies , and use the coldest , lest the temper of the Brain is destroyed . When the Inflamation is appeased , then leave the use of the cooling remedies , and use discussive ones ; and first such as are gentle , the yelk of an Egge , of Oyl of Cammomile two Ounces , mingle them ; afterwards a stronger discutient , Take the Flowers of Cammomile , the Leaves of Penny-royal and Dill , Bran tyed in a Cloth half a Pugill , boyl them according to Art , then take half a pint of the said Decoction , the Oyl of Cammomile and Anniseed , of each an Ounce , shake them well together , and apply them warm to the Head. CHAP. VII . Of the running at the Nose , Cough , and difficult Breathing . THe running at the Nose , Cough , and difficult Breathing in Children , are the effects and issue of a Distillation , which as some observe , is the mother of all Evill , and is a desluxion of a petuitous humour , into the parts subjected ; if the matter flowes to the Nose , it is called the Pose and running at the Nose ; if it descends to the breast , and is expelled by the Spirit that goes out , it 's called a Cough , but if the same matter falls upon the Lungs , and stops the ways of the Spirit , and oppresses the body of the Lungs , it produces a difficulty in breathing ; this matter seldome makes hoarsness in Children , because sucking Children by their daily use of Milk , cleanses the Phlegme that it doth not stick about the Jawes ; in those that are elder , hoarsnesse is seldome , because they are hot about the Jawes ; which dryes up the Phlegme . These Distempers are Symptomes and effects of a very moist Brain , sometimes cold , because Infants draw Air more cold then they were used to , which cools the Brain ; and it is sometimes hot by its natural temper , which is very hot , by Air that is hot , Fire , Smoake , too hot cloathing of the head , and the gluttony and intemperance of the Nurse . The Signs are manifest of the Cough , Poze , and difficulty of Breathing ; if they come from a hot cause , the Child sneezes often , the colour of the countenance of the Child is florid and red , the Jawes are red , and whilest the Child sucks , the Breasts are heated , that the Nurse perceives the heat . If from a cold cause , there is seldome sneezing , no change of the Colour of the Countenance , no heat perceived in the mouth . Prog. These Distempers are not dangerous if they be not neglected , otherwise they produce Broken Bellies , and other Diseases , and often Death . The Cure is 1. in Diet , let the Air be temperate without Excesse , avoid Wine , and Meats that are windy and grosse , and such as flye to the head , as Spice , and meats prepared with them ; If the matter is cold , a little Spice and hot meats may be allowed , but sparingly , for all which fly to the head are apt to attenuate and loosen both the cold and hot matter , which causes these Distempers and many others . 2. Evacuating and diverting the humour , by loosning the Belly of the Child by a Clyster or Suppository , or by a Vomit , which is very good to evacuate the Phlegme ; which you may do by dipping your finger in Hony , and pressing down the Tongue of the Child ; also to evacuate the matter , Take of the Hony of Violets one Ounce , of the Powder of Ocymi one dram , mingle it , and put it in the Mouth of the Infant , and then give him the Breast ; in a cold cause Mirrh and Hony are commended . In a hot cause , Take one dram of the Seed of White Poppy , of Tragacanthy half a Dram , of the Seed of a Goard three Drams , bruise them all , and with a Decoction of Sobestens , make a Liquor ; or you may powder them , and take half a Scruple , & mingle them with a little hony of Violets and give it the Infant to lick . If the Breath be difficult with the Cough , use the Syrrup of Hyssop , in the place of the Hony of Violets . It is also convenient to keep the Breast of the Child easie , and not straight , that it may dilate , wherefore annoint the Breast and Back with the Oyl of sweet Almonds , which is also good if it be swallowed , and taken inwardly . CHAP. VIII . Of the pain and humidity of the Ears . THe pain of the Ears , is reckoned by all Physicians amongst the Diseases of Children . It is a grievous sense which vehemently affects the parts about the passage of hearing , which is very sharp , in regard the inward parts of the Ear are very nerveous . Note , the outward part of the ear is fleshy and cartilaginous . The humidities of the ears are reckoned amongst Childrens Diseases by some , but not the humidities of the Nose or Palate , because the Expurgation by the Nose and Palate is natural to men and Children , but the expurgation by the Ears is not natural . The Cause of it is the great humidity of the Brain , which cannot be all evacuated by the Mouth and Palate , so that excrementitious humours which abound are evacuated by all Passages ; wherefore many will not drye up this humidity , unlesse it ulcerate , or threaten obstruction , or deafnesse . The Cause of the pain in the ear , are the humours , especially Choller , Ichorous matter , Wind , or Worms . Prog. The Pain of the Ear is very dangerous . The Cure is , 1. The mitigation of the Pain , with luke warm milk , or Water , and the Oyl of Roses mix'd , and a Cloth dipp'd in it , and laid upon the Ear , a Decoction of the heads of Poppy , and as the Causes of the Pain are , so ought remedies to be for the taking them away ; If the pain is from hot humours , the part is red and hot , and cur'd by cold things ; if from cold , by luke-warm things ; if from Wind , the Diet ought to be such as discusses Wind , for which purpose Coriander is good for the Nurse to use , and that the Child sleep upon the ear which pains him , thereby natural heat is augmented , and dissipates the Wind , the Oyl of Cammomile or Anniseeds poured into the Childs ear is very good ; if the pain be from an Ichorous matter , wipe and clense continually the Ear with Hony , or Hony and water ; if from Worms , put into the Ear bitter things that kill the Worms , as the Oyl of bitter Almonds . See the Chapter of Worms . If there be humidity of the Ears , and the Child old enough to be purged , let him take three dayes this drink , Take of the Leaves of Mirtles , Bettony , Staecados , Violets , of each half a handful , let a Decoction be made according unto Art , then take thereof two Ounces and an half , of the Syrrup of Wormwood and Staecados , of each two drams , mingle them ; afterwards purge the head thus , Take of the Pills of Agarick half a dram , of Castor one grain , two Cloves , mingle them , and with the Hony of Roses solutive , make five little Pills . The head being purged for the drying up of the humidity , if it be cold , infuse into the Ears the Oyle of Irnie or Rue . If hot , the Oyl of Roses with the Oyl of Cammomile . Observe in the use of remedies , that they be always lukewarm when you use them , neither hot nor cold ; not in a great quantity , but by drops , and that the Child lye on the Ear that pains ; and observe the moisture flowing out of the Ears is not to be stopp'd . CHAP. IX . Of the inflamation of the Glandules in the mouth , call'd the Almonds of the Ears . THe Inflamation of these Glandules is reckoned by some amongst Childrens Diseases , but onely in Children after breeding of Teeth . Others say this Disease may be in Infants , but in them it would then be very mortall by the plentifull flowing of humours , which often strangles . If the Gums , are inflamed in Infants , and the Glandules ulcerated before breeding of Teeth , why may they not be inflamed , what should hinder that an infant may not have this disease sometime , and not be choak'd ? as I conceive ; The inflamation of these Glandules , is an Intumescency of them made by a flux of humours . The internal cause are all the humours especially Phlegm . The external causes are a hot or extreme cold Air , violent exercises hanging down the head vociferations , strong drink and meat that heat the blood . The Signes are , if the mouth be opened , heat , pain , rednesse , and Swelling near the root of the Tongue , difficulty in breathing and swallowing . Prog. This Disease usually causes the Quinzey and inflamation of the Lungs , and divers other dangerous Diseases . 2. If a loosenesse of the belly happen upon this Disease , the Flux cures it . The Cure is 1. in a good Dyet , avoiding any excesse of the air , smoak , the Sun , all exercises of the body , vehement motions of the mind , especially anger , bathing ; if the belly be bound , move it with a gentle Clyster or suppository , not by a remedy at the mouth , for it is dangerous ; abstain from wine and use Barly water with the Juyce of Granates and Mulberries and Quinces , let the meat be such as may be supt , as Barly Broth , bread boyled in broth with the Juice of the Seeds of Limmon , the Yelks of Eggs in broth , with the Juice of Granates . 2. In revulsion of the humour , by daily rubbing Ligatures , especially Cupping-glasses applyed to the Loins and lower parts , not the upper parts , lest it draw the humor to the part affected . 3. Repelling the humour by cooling and astringing remedies , as the Sirrup of Mulberry , Granate , Mirtle , with Barly water , Rose water , Plantain or Oak-bud water , and wash the mouth with it , to which purpose may be red Roses powdered finely and other astringent powders . 3. Dissipating & evacuating the humour with remedies that by a moderate heat attenuate and turns the matter into a wind , Take the leaves of Dill , Flowers of Camomile , of each half a handfull , of Bran half a Pugill , the leaves of Marjarome , six Drams of Common water a pint and an half , boil it according to Art , strain it and add three ounces of clarified Hony , gargarize with it being Lukewarm . If the matter cannot be discust but it begins to ripen help it with annointing the neck with the Oyle of Almonds , or by applying a plaister of Diachilon : The ripening of it is helpt inwardly by the roots of Mallowes or Figs boyled , and Gargarizing and washing the mouth with it . CHAP. X. Of the Sorenesse of the mouth . THe Ulcers of the mouth in Children are Ulcers of the Superficies of the mouth , ( that is the whole internal part of the mouth ) with a fiery heat . They are easily caused in Infants , by reason of the tendernesse and softnesse of the Palat of Children , they being unaccustomed to meat being newly born , and by their greedinesse and sucking more then they can digest , wherefore it is a great fault in Nurses , that whensoever the Child cryes to quiet them with giving the Breast , for it is a rule amongst Physicians , that milk should not be given not above three or four times in a day . The cause is whatsoever is corroding or accrimonious or sharp , whether the humours of the body , meat or medicaments . In Children they are chiefly caused by the sharpnesse and corruption of the Milk , whereby ill vapours are sent from the Stomach into the mouth . The external causes are whatsoever may heat the head of the Child , as the air being hot , the use of hot meats , immoderate exercises , and drinking of strong Wine . The Signes are Swallowing with pain and difficulty , if they are malignant they for the most part follow ill and pestilentiall Feavers , besides they are fetid , black or livid , causing pain , and are profound . If benigne and not malignant , they are without a Swelling or profoundity . If from blood , they are hot and red . If from Phlegm , they are lesse hot , lesse painfull , and are white . If they are made by Melancholy , they are blackish and dark coloured . Prog. All Ulcers of the mouth are hard to cure , because the Medicament cannot conveniently adhere , but those that are black , stinking profound & very painfull are very dangerous and is a most miserable & horrid death , of them which dye and are consumed by this Disease . The Cure , if the Ulcers are benigne they are cured by altering the temper and cicatrizing with cooling and astringing remedies : If the milk be bad change the Nurse or correct the Milk by dyet and purging the Nurseas hath bin shewn ; the Ulcers are healed with Hony of Mulberries , or Sirrup of Pomegranates , Mirtles or Red Roses dryed , with which the Nurse dipping her finger is to touch the Ulcers , and if they be contumacious , mingle a little powdered Alum , with the Sirrup of Mulberries , for the Powder of Alum hinders the spreading of the Ulcer , and without any notable pain . If the Child is somewhat great , the dyet ought to be cooling , and meats that may be suck'd , is to be used , as Broths and Eggs with Broth or Verjyce . If the Ulcers are great commonly causing inflamations and drawing of the humours , Cupping-glasses applyed to the Loins are convenient , and to evacuate by them what the age and constitution of the body will permit then purge Gently ; the Medicaments to be applyed to the Ulcers are the same as in Infants , or make a decoction of Millefoyle , or Plantain , with Red Roses , Sanders , and take of it four Ounces and mix with it an Ounce of the Sirrup of Mulberries , wash the mouth with it . In Malignant Ulcers in Infants , Take of the Scordiuum finely powdered one Dram , of the rinde and Pill of Pomegranes , finely powdered two Scruples , burnt Alum one Scruple , Hony as much as will suffice . If the Child is somewhat great , the use of the Juyce of Granates ( especially sowre ) is good . If this is not effectuall , use Aqua Magistralis Aluminis Unguentum Egyptiacum , or the Flower of bra●s corrected with a little Sirrup of Mulberries These are not to be used but in great necessity , because the Palate hath two broad ways one to the Lunges and another to the Stomach , and therefore it is dangerous any venemous medicine should come thither , wherefore it is better to use remedies in such a form as cannot go further then the Palat ; as when the Ulcers of the mouth are touch'd with the Oyle of Sulphur or Sublimate water , which is an excellent remedy against all inveterate Ulcers : Take of sublimated Mercury twelve Grains , the water of Roses and Plantain of each eight Ounces , boyle them to the consumption of a half part ; the use of it is that the Ulcer of the mouth be touched with one drop , which if it cause a considerable pain then mitigate the pain with Milk that hath Steel quench'd in it . CHAP. XI . Of the Ranula of the Tongue . THis Disease is an Inflamatory humour of the parts under the tongue and especially of the Veins in Children , for the Veins under the tongue being with a petuitous blood , sometimes Melancholy , which is sweat out , or goes out of the mouth of the Veins , into the Passages of the flesh , and there being collected , the humour is elevated into a Tumour or Swelling , which is called Ranula . It sometimes resembles a soft Aedema , which being opened , a white matter , like to the white of an Egg , flowes from it . The Cause is a petuitous blood , or as some say , a petuitous humidity . The Signs are manifest to Sight , there appears a Tumour , with great pain and heat , and a hinderance of Speech , the colour of the humour is as it were mixt , of the colour of the Tongue and Veins . Prog. This Tumour if it be neglected is dangerous , it sometimes makes a Feaver , and suffocates Children . The Cure is by a cooling and astringing Diet , in using Vinegar , Verjuice , Limons , and the like with meat . Clysters are convenient ; Purges by the Mouth are hurtful . If the Child is somewhat large , Cupping-glasses applyed to the Thighes are convenient , so are Friction and Ligatures ; after , Astringents are good ; Salt of Armoniacum rubbed upon the part is commended by all , Maryroom rubb'd upon the part , stronger then it , are Flower of Brasse , Allume burnt , Spunge and Tragacanthum burnt . If these cure it not , the Tumour must be cut off at the Roots , for sometimes the humour is in a Coat , which if it be not taken away , the humour returns ; after the Cutting of the humour , stay the blood with salt , powder of Mirtles , Totmentil , or Bistorte , then Cure it with Myrrh , and drying things that cures wounds . CHAP. XII . Of Dentition and breeding of Teeth . THE generation and perfection of Teeth , is the work and intent of Nature , but in regard the matter out of which they are made , suffers not that this Work can be done without trouble and pain ; It causes that a Disease followes the generating of Teeth , which Disease is not intended by Nature . Dentition is an Eruption or breaking forth of Teeth , first conceived in their proper holes . It is said by some , to be a violent work of Nature , and the gums are as it were prick'd with needles whereby great pain is caused , and a supernatural heat in those parts is excited , which drawes the humours thither which are made putrid , salt and sharp in those parts , and being precipitated to the Stomach and guts strongly excites the expulsive faculty , and consequently causes loosnesse , and sometimes Dysenteries . Bones and Teeth are the same according to kind and matter , but differ in Species and name . The difference of Bones and Teeth in their nature and particular beings , appears , 1. Teeth are made after the Birth of a Child , all other Bones before grow to a certain time and have no sense , and never are renewed , but Teeth grow during the whole life , have an acute sense and grow again . It 's observed , that amongst the Bones the Teeth only cannot be consumed by fire : Neverthelesse they are corrupted , and consumed by a putrid Phlegme ; besides Teeth have no marrow and fat as other Bones have , and therefore they are the most hard body : They are corrupted with hot things , as by washing them with warm water , but preserved by moderate cold , as by washing them with cold water , nor are they hurt by an actual extraordinary cold ( for in Frost they are not troubled ) but by a cold that is potential , because Teeth have but a little heat , and cannot resist a great cold . Teeth were made for the breaking of hard meat , for speaking , and distinguishing of Tasts , and therefore they have soft Nerves in them ; and although Histories relate several have been born with Teeth , yet for the most part they break forth in Children about the 7th . month , sometimes sooner , as in them which use more hot milk . They are very slow in some , sometimes to the Third or fourth year , either by weakness or the fault of the matter of the Teeth , ( being not sufficiently glutinous and earthy ) or by a privation of matter by Worms , or a loosnesse , in the seventh year Teeth fall out , and others grow in their places , growing of Teeth continues until fourteen years , & afterwards very few grow , unlesse they be those called Posteriores Gemini , which sometimes grow at 80 years . The sooner Teeth come forth , the less pain ; but they are the weaker ; Teeth come forth in the Spring and Summer more easily , but with worse Symptomes and effects , in the Winter with more difficulty , but with lesse danger , for they are lesse troubled with a Feaver Loosness , or Vomit , because their inward heat is more strong . But a modern Author says , that in every time of the year , some are more troubled , some lesse , according to the natural constitution of Children , which the times of the year cannot hinder . The Teeth are of an equal number in men and women , being 32. The Cutting Teeth which are four above and below , grow first , which are made of a thin matter , and as they are made first so weaker , and are broke , fall out sooner then the rest ; the next are the Teeth called Dogs Teeth , whose use is to break the meat , as to cut is before breaking , so the Teeth that cut are first , afterwards the Teeth that break the meat , afterwards the great and grinding Teeth grow , whose matter is more hard and earthy , and therefore they break out the more slowly , and last of all the Gemini , which never are renewed and grow again . Hence it appears why the breeding of Teeth causes so many evils , if they should grow in the Womb they would not be troublesome , but growing after the Birth of the Child , and in that time when the Gums are most soft , which being bruised and crushed by a hard body as the Bone is , causes great pain . The Signs are the Childs crying , loosnesse , pinching the Paps whilest they suck , the Inflammation , and heat of their mouths , and when their Gums are rubbed , they are eased . Prog. The breeding of Teeth is alwayes dangerous by reason of the great and grievous Symptomes and effects it produces , as Convulsions , Feavers , and other evils . If the Child is loose he is lesse troubled with Convulsions , and fat Children more than lean ; yet there may be Convulsions by the sharpnesse of pain . If the Child hath an acute Feaver there is seldome Convulsions by fulnesse , it being remedied by the Feaver . Teeth come forth more slowly most commonly , with a little Cough , because there is a defluxion in the mouth , which argues the weaknesse of the brain . The Cure is , in a cold dyet of the Nurse , and the pap kept cool , which much refreshes the Child ; the Child is not to eat any hard meat , and the Gums are to be cooled and relax'd ; the Juice of Mallowes and Lettice cools . Take the Juice of Mallowes , half an Ounce , of Butter , washt in Mallow-water half one Ounce , half the yelke of an egge , mingle and anoint the Gums with it ; this that followes is stronger . Take of the Juice of Night-shade half an Ounce , of the Oyle of Roses , six Drams , of Butter washt in Lettice-water three Drams , mingle them and anoint the Gums with it , it being cold , rubbing the Gums with your finger , for it often mitigates pain . The Gums are relax'd by things that are fat , as all fat of a Hen , & c. Oyl of Almonds , and the Brains of a Hare boyled , in the place whereof may be the brains of a Hen ; Hony boyled is much commended . It is conceived by some that the breeding of Teeth is the more easie by hanging about the neck , Corral , a Jaspis-stone , or the Root of wilde Colothwiths , which others think superstitious . CHAP. XIII . Of the Hiccough . CHildren are more chiefly affected with Diseases in the lower Venter , in three parts , the Stomach , Bladder , and Guts , which follow in their order . The Hiccough is a motion like to a Convulsion , in which the Stomach endevour to expell what is hurtful infixt in the mouth of it . The cause is in Children the plenty or quality of the Milk or nourishment being too cold , sharp , or corroding vehemently irritating the expulsive faculty sometimes but rarely it comes from emptiness . The external causes are a cold Air , hot and sharp meats as Pepper . The Signes are manifest , for as the Proverb is Love and the Hiccough cannot be hid ; if it is from fullnesse the Child is greedy and Vomits , if from cold , it is known by rhe Nurses using cold meats and externall injuries that preceeded it , if the Childs Stomach is fomented with hot Cloathes it ceases presently , if from evacuation , fasting , flux or vomit preceeded it , if from acrimony the meats are corrupted or the milk is sharp and biting , and the Child often mourns and grieves , and there are pains of the Belly , besides the Ordure shewes it . Prog. The Hiccough in Children for the most part is safe , if it be made from emptiness it is mortal for Children which are naturally full and very moist , if they are vehemently dryed by a great cause they are hardly restored . If a Hiccough be with the Falling-sicknesse , or another kind of Convulsion it is Mortall . The Cure is , if the Hiccough be from 1 cold , use hot things inwardly and and outwardly , Take the Syrrup of Mint or Betony outwardly , the Oyl of Anniseed , Chamomile , and Wormwood , besides Plaisters and Ointments that are hot , and set forth in several Chapters . 2. Plenty or quality of Milk , correct it as is shewed in several Chapters ; and if it be from the Acrimony of the Milk , let the Child use a little quantity of this , Take of Saccharum Rosatum half an Ounce , of Bole Armenick half a Scruple , mingle them . If from Evacuation the same remedies are good , as are for Leannesse from Evacuation , see the Chapter of Leannesse ; Bathing with sweet Water , and Broth is good in elder Children , the Yelks of Eggs , and all Meats that easily nourish . It is related by some , that the Herb called Alyssus , held in the hand , look'd upon , or smell'd to , cures the Hiccough by Propriety of Substance . Others say , that Sneezing , and holding the Breath , cures all Hiccoughs : but these Helps are too difficult for Children and Infants , Sneezing and Vomiting because they evacuate the matter , is commended . CHAP. XIV . Of Vomiting , and a vain desire of Vomiting . BEsides the Hiccough , the vain desire of Vomiting , and Vomiting happens to Children , for the matter that troubles the Stomach , is either infixed deeply in the mouth of the Stomach , and so makes a Hiccough , or infixed , but not profoundly , and either in the Mouth or Tunicles of the Stomach , whence it is a vain desire of Vomiting , or else the matter is contained in the Space of the Stomach , and so makes a Vomiting . The Causes of Vomiting , or a vain desire of Vomiting in Children , are , The humidity and laxity of the Stomach , the plenty of cold humours falling from the head , the plenty of Milk or Meat , the Acrimony and coldnesse of the same Milk. The External causes are , a bad Air , stinck , or an ill tast , the use of Oyly and fat things . The Signs of Vomiting are manifest ; it is known , if it be from 1. Coldness , by the cold Diet of the Nurse preceding it , and the help from hot things : Besides the Milk is kept some time ; if the Stomach be cold , it presently rejects the Milk. 2. Acrimony , then Children languish , and are afflicted before and after Vomiting . 3. Plenty , then Vomiting eases , evacuating the cause of Laxity . Prog. Vomiting , which is from taking more then the Stomach is able to bear , and Vomiting only that which offended , and retaining and correcting the rest , the Child is not sick , but more cheerful , the Stomach being strong , and the fault only in the quantity of the Milk. 2. Vomiting immediately only what is taken , if it continue , causes a Consumption and Death . The Cure is , The Milk is to be corrected by lessening the quantity of it in suckling the Child , and altering by purging and correcting the temper of the Nurse , as is directed in several Chapters . If the fault be in the Childs Stomach , by the weaknesse of it , Cloves or Coriander chewed by the Nurse , and instill it into the Mouth of the Child , sometimes alone , sometimes with the Syrrup of Mirtles , Quince or Granates is commended . Outwardly apply the Plaister called Emplastrum de Crusta Panis ; or take the Oyl of Mirtles two drams of the Juice of unripe Grapes , or one dram and an half , red Wine one dram , boyl them to the Consumption of the Wine , then add Mastick , Mirrh , Acaciae and Frankinsense of each half a dram , Wax and refine as much as will susfice to a soft Plaister , let the Child wear this constantly above the Stomach . CHAP. XV. Of the unvoluntary pissing of Children . INvoluntary pissing , or not holding of the Water , in Children is more familiar to them then those that are elder , because Children are rather governed by their appetite then will , and cannot hold their water longer , but this Incontinency of Urine is not here intended , it being not a Disease ; but the involuntary pissing here meant , is an Affection preternatural , by which Children are forced and involuntarily make water at all times . The cause is in Children , an Imbecillity , and cold , and moist temper of the Muscle of the Bladder called Sphincter , proceeding from pituitous and thick humours ; Sometimes the resolution of the Sphincter , the motive faculty being not sent to it , by reason of the obstruction of the Nerves , especially about the Spinal Marrow from the like humour . The External Causes are the coldness of Air , and Meat , drinking of cold water , blowes about the Back , and falls . The Signs are , elder Childrens wetting of their Clothes , their inward garments being always wet with pisse ; but in Children newly born , it is hard to know whither in an often sucking , an often pissing is involuntary , and that Age gives no testimony of voluntary pissing . Prog. Involuntary pissing is more hard to Cure if it come from an obstruction , then cold and moisture . If it comes from an External Cause it is mortal , especially from a fall or Luxation . The Cure is in , 1. By a Diet which is hot and dry , as you have in several Chapters ; you are to abstain from meats that move Urine . 2. The Belly loosned by a Clyster or Suppository ; use this Syrrup , Take of the Leaves of Calamint , Plantane , and Mint , of each half a handful , the Seeds of Rue , two drams , boyl them according to Art. Take of the Syrrup of Purslane , Red Roses , and Wormwood , of each half a dram , mingle them together . After the humours are prepared , purge with two Scruples of Pill Hiera cum Agarico : or , Take of Mirabuline , Chebuline one dram , of the Seed of Rue half a dram , of the Flowers of Violets and Roses of each half a Pugil , boyl them according to Art. Take thereof three Ounces , Trochische of Agarick two Scruples and an half , infuse it all night , then presse it , and add the Syrrup of Roses Solutive , two Ounces ; the body being purged , outward remedies are to be used , as Baths which heat , drye , and are binding ; it is good to annoint the Loyns and Parts nearest to the Bladder with the Oyl of Wormwood , or the Oyl of Worms ; foment those parts with this , Take of Calamint , Mint , Rue , Marjerome , red Roses , of each an handful ; Galengal , and Cyprus , of each two drams , boyl them in red Wine according to Art. If these will not prevail , then Blisters will be useful . Divers remedies are propounded by Authors , that are supposed by a Propriety to cure this Distemper , as the Brain and Testicles of a Hare burnt and given to drink in White-wine , the Bladder of a Sheep or Sow used in the like manner ; and divers others . CHAP. XVI . of the Strangury and Suppression of Urine . THe difficulty of Urine is either when that no Urine is made , which is called Ischury , or when the Urine is made by Drops , which is called a Strangury , both which distempers differ only in degree . The Causes are a coldnesse , sometimes alone , sometimes with moisture , weakning the expulsive faculty , that it cannot expell the Urine , or if it doth , not in such a manner as it ought , so that the expulsive faculty is essentially hurt , or the cause is either from a Stone , or the humours viscid and thick . The External Causes are , an Air that is cold , grosse , thick and cold meats and drinks , especially the Milk of the Nurse , for as the manner of Diet is , such is the Milk ; as the Milk is , such are the Children that suck it . The Signs are manifest , for the Child makes no water , or by drops , and with groaning . If it be from a cold distemper , then if the parts be rubb'd , heated or compress'd , the Urine comes forth ; if from Obstruction , if you compresse them , no Urine is made , it is known also by the course of Life preceeding to it , and by the Childs being said before to have Urine that was thick and muddy . Prog. The Strangury and Ischury in Children are difficult distempers , for all distempers in Children of the natural faculties are dangerous . The Cure is , 1. In a good Diet , avoiding fulness , grosse and thick meats and drinks . 2. Expelling the Excrements in the Stomach and first passages , by loosning the Belly with two or three Ounces of the Hony of Roses ; then prepare the humours thus , Take of the Simple Hony of Roses , Simple Oxymel , of the Syrrup of Bettony , of each three drams ; mingle them and give it alone , or else with Broth ; afterwards purge , Take of Cassia five d●ams , of Species Hiera , one dram and an half , mingle them : or Take the Hony of Roses Solutive two Ounces , of Electuary Lenitive three drams , two Ounces and an half of a Cordial Decoction of Violet Roses , mingle them and make a Drink . 3. Provoking of Urine , the Decoction of Grownsell , Saxifrage , Centmade , or Red Cicers , is much commended ; or , Take the Roots of Asparagus half an Ounce , the Leaves of Saxifrage , and Maidenhaire , of each one handful , red Cicers one Pugil , make a Decoction according unto Art , give three Ounces of it with a little Sugar , the Stomach being empty . Outwardly are useful the rubbing and compressing the hands , being annointed with the Oyl of Scorpions . If it help not , boyle the Pellitory of the Wall in the Oyl of Rue , and make a Plaister and lay it to the parts about the neck of the Bladder ; or , Take a Cruce Glass in which Oyl hath been kept a long time , put it in hot water , then put the Yard of the Child into the Mouth of the Cruce Glass , and it is very effectual . CHAP. XVII . Of the Stone of the Bladder . CHildren are very obnoxious to the Stone of the Bladder , and are often troubled with it by their much eating , causing much crude humours , which stay not in the Reyns , but is expelled into the Bladder . Female Children are seldome troubled with it , because they have the Channel of the Bladder broad straight , not contorted and crooked . The Stone of the Bladder , which is immediately made in the Bladder , is more often made in Children then in old men , because Children are great Eaters , & thereby abound with much crude humours , which is the matter of the Stone , and falls into the Bladder ; besides , Childrens native heat is strong , which easily hardens the matter into a Stone ; old men although they abound with crude and earthy humours , because their heat is weak in the Bladder , the Stone is not made , to which may be added the strength of the expulsive faculty , the narrowness of the passage , and the tenuity of the humour in Children . The Stone which is first made in the Reins , is in old men more often then in Children , as is proved by experience , because old mens expulsive faculty is infirm , and the Ureters wide , so that the thickest and grosse matter , is detained in the Reins , and consequently turn then into a Stone . The material causes are humours thick petuitous , and tenacious ; the efficient cause is the greatnesse of the heat . The immediate internal causes are chiefly the narrownesse and straightnesse of the passage or Channel , then the hereditary disposition and propriety from parts , and the Milk of the Nurse being bad , either from Diet or temper ; for when the Child doth suck impure Milk , if the Child hath large Veins , from the Stomach to the Bladder , the impure matter is carried to the Bladder , where it settles with the Urine as muddy water shak'd together in some Vessell , and then resting makes a Sediment in the middle , which Sediment of the Urine afterwards is conglobated and made round , by Phlegme , like a little hill , and is hardned as Iron in a Furnace . The External Causes are the same as in the Strangury . The Signes are , 1. Groaning , and pain in making water . 2. The making water by drops . 3. The Blood is often mix'd with the Urine . 4. The water is somewhat white , crude , sometimes with a slimy , sometimes with a Sandy Sediment . 5. Inflamation of the Bladder . 6. Itching of the Preputium and foreskin , and frequently scratching of the Privities . Prog. The Stone of the Bladder is very dangerous , and difficult , by reason of the pain , and in curing Suppression of the Urine , which often happens . The Stone if it cannot be cur'd by cutting it is mortal for the most part , because the Stone growes in Children so great , that as the years increase , Nature cannot sustain it . The Cure is , If the Stone be Small , and newly begun , by such things that break and diminish the Stone by a quality that is either , 1. Manifest , as by Goats Blood , Restharrow , Ceterach , Saxifrage , the Root of Parsley , and Fennell , Lapis Spongia , Lapis Judaicus , the Stone that is found in the Call of an Oxe powdered and drank in White wine , or a Decoction of Restharrow ; Take 2. or 3. drams of Turpentine , wash'd and melted , and mingle it with two Ounces of the Water of Restharrow , it is much commended . 2. Or an Occult quality and propriety , as the Throat of a Hen burnt and powdered , and given in Wine . So Eryngoes boyled , breaks the Stone by propriety . Before the use of these remedies the Child is to be put into a Bath Water for some dayes , in which Mallows are boyled , that the matter may be somewhat softned , and more easily and safe done in Children in Men. CHAP. XVIII . Of Costivenesse and being bound in the Belly . COstivenesse is a preternatural disposition in Children , by which they discharge not the filfth and Ordure of the Body , either in a due hour and time , or in a due measure ; The Filth ought every day to be expelled , and if much be eaten , or that is not nourishing , the greater the quality of the Excrements ought to be expelled . The Causes are , the offending the Guts either not by sending the expulsive faculty to them , by a resolution of some Nerve or Muscle , by a distemper or obstruction , or because Choller is not sent to the Guts , by which the Guts are stimulated and excited to an Expulsion . Or the Expulsive faculty of the Guts is hurt by some Tumor or Skin , or some distemper . The Guts are offended also by some Errors within , by viscid and thick humors wrapp'd and mix'd with the Filth , and so gather the Filth together , that they fasten them to the Guts , that they cannot go forth , or with great difficulty , or Externally by the coldness of the Air , for it is certain that Costivenesse is more in the Winter than Summer ; much sleep , idleness , great Meditations , ( they drye the Belly ) drink that is thick and binding , and sparingly used ; the same Errors also in meats , as also preposterous eating , taking first astringent things , afterwards liquid , and they that are accustomed to dine , and omit it , are bound in their Bellies . The Signs are the Child 's not discharging his Belly every day , and complaining and if the Child is somewhat great , it is troubled in the head , and when the Child empties it self it is with pain & groaning . If it proceed from a cold distemper , the body consumes , is pale , windy and belching ; if from gross and viscid humours , they will appear in the Filth ; if from the want of Choller sent to the Guts ; the Colour of the body will be muddy , and the Filth of the Guts white or somewhat Ash-coloured . Prog. The Astriction of the Belly in most are dangerous , especially in Children which great eaters , for which Diseases are generated in them in time , and in the Time of breeding of Teeth , cause Inflamation , Feavers , and Convulsions , the body being full . The Cure is , 1. In moving the Belly in sucking Children , that the Nurse use meat that loosen the Belly , as Mallows , Dry Figs , Raisins , and the Broth of Coleworts , and all such meats which can loosen the Belly ; for as the Milk is made out of Blood , and it out of meat , so it is not to be doubted that the Milk is affected with such meats as the Nurse eats : The remedies that are to be used to the sucking Child , ought raiher to be External then Internal ; The External are Suppositories made out of hard Hony or the roots of Mallowes ; Garlick roasted in Ashes , and put into the fundament of the Child provokes Stool ; So doth Coriander Candied with Sugar , put into the Fundament , for it tickles the expulsive faculty and causes no pain . Besides these remedies to make the body soluble , there are others to be applied to the Navil ; as half the White of an Egg boyled hard , and fill'd with Butter , and a little Coloquintida , or two Grains of Scammony , the Gall of Beef laid to the Navil doth the same ; so doth the Juice of Cyclaminis with an equal portion of the Oyle of Sweet Almonds , and Hens grease . If the Child is somewhat great , the use of Turpentine is much commended , it clenses the Liver and Spleen ; Likewise Bread that hath some Bran in it , and Raisins continually used . The broth of Coleworts and Mallowes may be likewise used or the Suppositories directed above . 2. In removing not only Astriction , but also the Causes of it , therefore if it be in an Infant , that the Nurse uses convenient Diet , and such as doth not bind , avoiding idlenesse , the use of Wine that is sharp and binding , meats that are grosse and binding , as Barberies , Medlers , Cervices , and the like , and whatsoever is binding . If the Astriction of the Belly be in a Child that is somewhat great , he is to use meats that loosen the belly , and to abstain from those that are binding , his sleep , watching and exercises are to be moderate , and to avoid North winds . If Astriction be from a cold distemper of the Guts , if in Infants , the Milk ought to be corrected with meats that heat , or the Nurse changed , and remedies applied to the Stomach or Navil of the Child . Take half a Pint of the best Wine , of the Leaves of Calamint , Abrotanum , Mint , Marjerome , of each half a handful , boyl them , and with a Sponge foment the whole Belly : or use this Oyntment , Take the Oyle of Spikenard , or Mint , of each three drams ; the powder of Cloves half a Scruple , a little Wax , mingle them & make an Ointment . If Astriction is from cold and viscid humours , use such things that are attenuating , as Oxymel , and the Syrrup of Harehound , these are very useful if the Child lick them , or the Nurse take them . If from the want of the coming of Choller to the Guts , then obstructions are to be removed , in a Child that is somewhat great , a Decoction of Rubra Tinctorum , Red Cicers , the Roots of Fennell , or Asparagus , and the use of Maidenhaire is convenient ; stronger remedies in Children are not to be used . CHAP. XIX . Of the Flux and Loosnesse of the Belly . THe Flux , is too great a Laxity of the Belly , by which Children do expel more filth , & more often then ought to be by reason of the Meat and Drink . The cause is a cold Distemper of the Guts , by which the Concoction is vitiared , and so the corrupted Meats cause the Flux , and also a moist distemper , whereby the retentive faculty , which consists in dryness , is weakned , and being not able to retain the filth , causes that the expulsive faculty excited by them , expells more and more often then it ought ; to which may be added the humidity that comes from the head to the Stomach , and from thence to the Guts ; also corrupt meats , which when they have Acrimony , and are past to the Guts , irritate their expulsive faculty ; likewise sharp and biting thin humours , do the same ; such as are in the Breeding of Teeth . The External Causes are the South Wind , immoderate exercises of body , the use of liquid meats , and such as are apt to loosen the Belly . The Signs are manifest , Children very often evacuate the Filth of their Belly , and it is more fluid and liquid then it ought ; If it be caused by the Corruption of meats , the Ordure and Filth stink , and appear unconcocted , and the Child breaks Wind often ; if from breeding of Teeth , the Signs you have in the Chapter of Breeding of Teeth ; If from Bilious and Ichorous humours , the Filth and Dung is bilious , and yellow , and if they have hurt the Guts , the Dung will be bloody , and covered with a bloody slime ; If from a distemper , there will be the Signs of a moist or cold distemper , and no Signs of any other causes ; If from a Distillation , the Child will have a Catarrhe , not falling to the Lungs , and the Filth will be frothy ; It it be from external Causes , it is known by a careful and diligent observation of the manners and life of Children . Prog. A Dysentory in Children is very dangerous . The loosness of the Belly one or more dayes is healthful , if there be no Feaver , and if it is stopt within 7 dayes . An unseasonable stopping of the Flux in Children is mortal . If the Flux continues and perseveres , and is very long , it causes a Consumption and Death . The Cure is , 1. In an Infant , if the Milk be bad , by changing the Nurse , in long Fluxes nothing hath been found better , if it cannot be corrected ; If the Cause is hot , the Nurse is to use a cooling Diet , abstaining from Wine , and using water in which Steel hath been quench'd , or Wine somewhat binding , but a very little of it ; also meats somewhat astringing and cooling , as Barly Broth , with the Juice of Quinces , Rice , and the like ; Annoint the Childs Navil and Stomach with this , Take the Oyl of Mirtles , Quinces , of each three drams ; the Powder of Mastick , Red Corall , and Acaciae , of each half a Scruple , a little Wax , make a Liniament . If the Cause be cold , the Nurse is to use a Diet that is hot , as Wine somewhat binding , Spice , the best Flesh , Mint , Marjerome , boyled in Broths . Take the Oyle of Wormwood , and Mastick , of each three drams ; the Powder of Sothernwood , Comfrey , and Bole Armonick , of each half a Scruple , a little Wax , mingle them , and make a Liniament ; the Bag of a Hare is very good , but the Child is not to suck when it is used ; but let the Child take Pannado , with the Milk of Almonds , for as the Bag thickens Milk outwardly , so if it should be used unseasonably it would be dangerous if it should do the same , and not above half a Scruple at a time is to be used . The Cure of a Child somewhat great , is ; If the Flux comes from , 1. Corrupted Meat , stop them not nor retain them , but only comfort and strengthen the Stomach ; Take of the Oyls of Spicknard , and Mastick , of each five drams ; of the powder of Red Corral one dram and an half ; of Wax a little , mingle them . 2. If from petuitous humours falling from the head , provoke Urine with a Decoction of the common Seeds of the Roots of Parsley , Fennel , Asparagus , Birtcher Broom , for they divert the Phlegme from the Guts . 3. If from bilious humours , temper them , and take care they do not exulcerate the Guts , wherefore let the Child abstain from Wine , meats that are hot , salt , acrimonious , and sweet , and use Barly Btoth with the Syrrup of Barberies , Quinces , or Granate . Take of the Decoction of all the Myrabulous six Ounces , the Juice of Millet strained four Ounces , mingle them , and make a Clyster , which is very good ; So is this , Take of Mullen , the greater Comfrey , of each half a handful , boyl them according to Art ; Take thereof two Ounces and an half , of the Syrrup Deribes one Ounce , mingle them ; Whey in which Steel is quench'd is good , and may be given to six or eight Ounces at once ; If the Guts are sore , this Confection is very useful , Take of the Conserve of Barberies one Ounce ; of Thus one dram ; of Mastick half a dram ; of the powder of the great Comfrey two Scruples , mingle them ; the quantity to be used is two or three drams every morning . The Broth of an old Hen in which Mullen is boyled , is good for all old and petuitous Fluxes ; So is the heart of a Beef burnt and powdered , taken in Milk , in which Steel is quench'd , or in the Decoction of Mullen , half a Scruple of it , or a Scruple is to be used at once . Clysters are good , Take the Water of Barly in which Steel is quench'd eight Ounces , Red Sugar one Ounce , make a Clyster , this is good in the beginning , because it moderately dries , absterges , and mundifies the Ulcers ; afterwards the Ulcers are to be dryed and healed , to which purpose use this , Take of Whey in which Steel is quench'd , nine Ounces , of Thus , Bole-Armonick , and of Comfrey the great , of each three drams , Sanguis Draconis five drams , mingle them and make a Clyster . CHAP. XX. Of the Tenesme . AFter a Loosness , and in the Loosness , and from them , a distemper usually arises , called a Tenesme , which is a certain vain desire of evacuating the Filth of the Belly with pain and trouble . The Cause is , A hot or cold distemper of the Spyncter of the great Gut , most commonly from a humour thick , viscid and sharp , adhereing to it , where it stimulates the expulsive faculty , which endevouring to expel the viscous and sharp matter , but cannot in regard of the tenacity of the humour ; the Tunicle of the Gut is as it were strain'd into pieces , and in the same divulsion the appetite and pain is made . The antecedent causes most frequently , are Preceeding Fluxes , for the humors continually touching the great Gut , distempers it ; if the humours are hot , the distemper is hot ; if cold , the distemper is cold ; whereby sometimes there is not only made a distemper but an Inflamation . The Signs are manifest , because the Child desires and endevours often to expell the filth of the Belly , and with such endevours , that sometimes the Fundament falls and comes down ; the Filth that is evacuated is very little , slimy , and bloody ; if it be from a hot cause , a heat is perceived by the Children in the Fundament , there is a rednesse ; and cold remedies help ; if from cold , there is a lesser pain , a little or no heat , no rednesse , and hot things help . Prog. This Disease if it be diligently handled in the beginning , ends well ; but it sometimes happens by continual pains , watchings , and crying of Children , that it brings them into mortal Feavers and Consumptions . The Cure is of sucking Children by ordering the Nurse ; if a Child somewhat great by abstaining from meats that are acid , sharp , salt , and sweet , and to use such as provoke Urine . If the cause be hot , to asswage the pain , then lessen the desire of going to Stool . Make a Decoction of Mullein , or Dyptams , and sit in it . Take Mirabulous Chebules , and the Leaves of Mullein , and boyle them in Red wine , and dip a Sponge in it , and apply it to the fundament . Turpentine put upon the Coales , that it fume and smoke the fundament , is very good ; if these will not help , Take of Opium four grains , of Saffron one Scruple , of Thus one Scruple , and make a Suppository of it , with the White of an Egg roasted , put it into the Fundament , it takes away pain , dryes up the humours , that causes the distemper , especially the hot humors . CHAP. XXI . Of the pain of the Guts . THe Guts being very full of Turnings and windings , and rowlings , and very long , retain the humors a great time in them , which makes the internal Tunicles of the Guts bare and naked from the slime ( which covers the Guts , and makes their sense dull , for their receiving of hard and sharp excrements ) and corrodes the substance of them , and distends them , whereby there is a vehement torment and pain . The cause is either wind that cools the Guts , and oistends the Tunicles of them , or humors that are cold or hot , which distemper them , or causes a Solution of continuity , & somtimes Worms is the cause . The external causes are the coldnesse of Air , Feet , and meat , also sweet meats , and Summer fruits . If it be from Wind , the pain is sometimes vehement , sometimes gentle , goes and comes , breaks forth upwards and downwards ; If from humors , the pain is more durable and constant ; if from Phlegme , that Filth that is evacuated is but little and slimy ; If from Choller , the Excrements of the Belly are yellow ; If from the corruption or sharpnesse of Milk , there are notes of the badnesse of the Milk , and the Filth and Excrements evacuated resemble corrupted Milk. Prog. Pains that are persevering are dangerous , especially the vehement pains in the Guts of Children , proceeding from Worms , which many times kills them . The Cure is , If the pain is from corrupted Milk , change the Nurse , if the be so vehement that it will not allow time to correct the milk ; if from wind , the Nurse is to abstain from all windy meats , and use Coriander and Fennelseed ; So ought , the Child that is elder to use Auodynes , such things which heat in the first degree and evacuate the matter of pain , and attenuate and dissipate it , annointing the Childs Belly with the Oyle of Anniseed . If it is not effectual , put a Clyster-pipe in the Fundament , so the Wind is drawn forth sometimes ; if not , make three Ounces of the Oyle of Anniseed lumbricated , is sufficient for a Clyster ; If the Child be great , use Cummin or Anniseed in Sweet Oyle , and the Oyle afterwards being strained , take of it 6. or 8. Ounces for one Clyster . Observe the Wind ought to be expelled out of the Guts , by gentle remedies , if more hot are used the pains usually are increas'd , if the Cause of the Wind be in the Guts ; If the cause is a petuitous humour in a Child that is somewhat great , the gentle remedies above mittigate pain ; afterwards take the Leaves of Dill , Marjerome , Cumminseed , of each half a handful , boyle them according to Art. Take Take of the Decoction three Ounces , of Oxymel Simple , and of the Syrrup of Byzantine of each three Drams , the humors being prepared , purge with one dram of Hiera in Wine , if the Child will take it , and there being no Feaver ; otherwise , Take of Electuary Lenitive 5 drams , of Hiera Picra one dram , mingle them and make a Bolus . If the pain is from hot and sharp humors , use outwardly the means as is said before ; Take of Barly water six Ounces , Oyle of Anniseed two Ounces , the Yolk of an Egge , and make a Clyster . Afterwards , to evacuate the humors , Take of the Decoctions of Tamarinds two Ounces and an half , of Rhubarb two drams , of Spike 10 Grains , infuse them all night , then strain them well , and add half an Ounce of Electuary Lenititve , and make a Drink ; If all these remedies are ineffectual , use half a Scruple of Laudani Opiati , in one of the Clysters , as is above directed . CHAP. XXII . Of Worms . VVORMS are very familiar to Children , by reason of crudity and corrupt Phlegme , from their eating of fruits and milk after other meats , for it is observed that sucking Children which eat Flesh are most troubled with Worms because their tender Stomach cannot concoct solid meat , and therefore it corrupts and breeds Worms , besides Milk is presently concocted and passes into the Guts , if flesh unconcocted be mingled with Milk , and passes with it into the Guts , it putrifies there . Worms are Annimals generated in the body , variously hurting the Operations of the Body . Worms are found almost in all parts of the body , as appears by the diffection of Bodies , and the Excretion of Worms , but it is doubted , whether the Worms were bred in those parts , or crept there , especially Worms found in the Stomach . Some think Worms may be bred in the Stomach , because the matter of Worms is no lesse communicated from food or defluxion , or otherwise from other parts , and that the efficient cause being also not wanting in the Stomach , but more frequent they breed in the Guts . The Cause is , a petuitous crude and viscous humour , which ariseth from immoderate eating , meat easily putrefying and causing a thick Juice , as Cheese , Milk , Summer fruits , things that are sweet , sugared , honied , and the like , having something that hath an analogy to seed , instructed with a formative virtue , which disposes the matter to receive this form of a Worm , and not another , and informs the matter so disposed ; as we see peculiar Worms to proceed out of Wormwood , the Salt of the Sea , Milk , Hony , and other things . The difference of Worms according to their Figure is threefold , some are round and long , others broad and long , and some small , compared with the other two sorts . Worms differ in their colours , being white , red , livid , ash-colour , or yellow , the variety of which colours proceeds either from the crudity or coction of the matter , out of which they are made , or from the variety of the nourishment or diversity of corrupted matter , out of which they are generated . The Signs of the three sorts of Worms in common are many , a Stinking breath , unquiet sleep , with starting , trembling , grating of the Teeth , Itching , and often rubbing of the Nose , paleness of the Face , red by Intervals , the Eyes hollow and darkish , the white whereof being turned pale or yellow , spitting much Phlegme , the swelling of the belly , with murmuring and noise in it , the Griping of the Belly which is worse , when one is fasting , sometimes looses , Vomiting and Epilepsy . The Signs of the particular Worms ; if they be long , then the biting of the Belly is more vehement , a little drye Cough , Hiccough , a vain desire of Vomiting , abominating meat , sounding , troublesome dreams , with trembling , rising up , and crying out . If the Worms are broad , they are known by Excrements , not unlike the Seeds of Goardes , an unsatiable desire of eating , sudden dejection of things newly taken , leanness and consuming , a great pain sometimes in the right side sometimes in the left . If short Worms , the pain is continual , a most troublesome Itch about the Fundament , with a continual desire of evacuating . Prog. Broad Worms are the worst , because for the most part they continue longest . The short Worms are the least hurtful because they are little , and thin , and are bred in the thick Guts , most remote from the noblest parts , and easie to be expelled with the Excrements , and for Medicaments to be applied to them . 4. Worms that are great , fat , thick , and fill'd with blood , are worse then thin , short , and extenuated , because these showe the scarcity of matter , those the abundance of matter . 5. White Worms are scarce dangerous , but Worms that are yellow , livid , or red , are much worse . 6. Worms that are expelled dead , where there is no Feaver , or a Feaver that is benigne , dye by the scarcity of the matter , but in malignaut Feavers they dye , rather by the venome , and so worse then living Worms . The Cure is , 1. In a convenient Diet , the Air is to be temperate and inclining to drynesse , sleep , and watching moderate , avoiding sleep immediately after meat , immoderate Exercise , avoiding idleness , and rest , the Belly soluble , if it be bound loosen it with a Clyster or Suppository ; the Drink , if there be no Feaver , ought to be Wine and Water somewhat binding , bitter or sharp , not sweet ; Vinegar and Water is good , so is sharp Wine : but if there be a Feaver , in the place of Wine let there be a Decoction of Pruines that are sharp or facid , Cherries or Granates , The meat ought to be easie to digest , attenuating , and penetrating , wherefore convenient meats , are such as are sharp , acid , & bitter , & oyly , and sweet things , viscid , thick , and fat things , are hurtful ; the flesh of Birds is much commended ; Beef and Veale are greatly discommended , with what is not convenient , mix'd Vinegar , Verjuice , the Juice of Granates , or some other sharp Juice ; avoid all Fish and things made of Milk , only such fruits are to be used which are acid , as Granates , Oranges , Limons , Services , Medlars , sharp Pruines , avoiding all crudities and indigestable meats , either from the quality or quantity of them . 2. In the use of Sena , Tamarinds , or Mirabulous ; but above all , Aloes , for the consuming of the matter of Worms which is in the Stomach or Guts . Take of Aloes Succotrinae two drams , Mirrhae , Scordum , White Dictamus of each a Scruple , with the Syrrup of Wormwood , make Pills , the quantity at once is half a dram or forty grains . 3. In the killing or dulling of them , that they cannot resist the remedies , which is done by things that are bitter , sharp , salt , acid , oyly ; in the use of which observe , 1. That bitter or salt things , or such as kill Worms are to be mixed with sweet things which delight them , and drawes them to that which kills them , otherwise they avoid it . 2. Remedies used by the Fundament ought either to be sweet things alone , or else to prevail in sweetnesse above other things which are mix'd with them , for the Worms drawn by sweetnesse , move the lower parts of the Guts ; but remedies taken in at the mouth , ought to be more sharp , and bitter , then sweet , otherwise the Worms would move into che Stomach , and cannot be conveniently kill'd . 3. The remedies ought not to be vehement , because they would offend the Stomach , and the Worms agitated by them would be more grievous , and offensive . 4. The Stomach ought to be empty when the remedies are used , else they would be obtruded and extinguished , in regard they are weak . 5. There is no remedy which commonly kills all Worms , and there is no remedy so present as Coralline and Sea Mosse . 6. If the Child hath a Feaver , then remedies which are cold ought to be used , if not , then hot remedies may be used . Every kind of Worm hath its proper remedies , and the Long Worm being in the next place to the Stomach , requires not such strong remedies as the oother Worms do ; wherefore Wormwood , Southernwood , Coriander seed , or the Decoction of Calament are sufficient , which may be used in powder , or a De●oction . The Syrrup of Mint , Wormwood , or Purslane , is very good , so is a Decoction of Sebesten . Outwardly apply above the Navil ( for Long Worms are in the first Guts , a little above the Navil ) this Oyntment , Take the Juice of Wormwood and Southernwood of each one dram and an half , the Powder of Scordum , Aloes , of each two Scruples , of common Oyle one Ounce , of Wax a little , make an Ointment ; or , take of Mirrh and Aloes , of each a dram , Powder of Scordum , and the Seeds of Wormwood and Citron , of each half a Scruple , with Wax and Rosine , as much as is sufficient , make a Plaister ; Treacle dissolved , with the Juice of Limon or Vinegar , is good , applied above the Navil , or taken inwardly , so are the Seeds of Nettles , Fennel , Cummin , and Mint ; and in regard that Worms that are killed are not expelled , therefore use such remedies as kill and expel them , as Rhabarb , Hiera , Aloes , Agarick ; take 2 drams , or half an Ounce of the Syrrup of Sychory , with Rhubarb , with an Ounce of the Water of Grasse which given every day is much commended ; If there happen a loosness that is not moderate , and dejects the strength , restrain it gently with Plantane or Purslane boyled in broth . The Broad Worms are cured like the Long Worms , but require stronger remedies , because this Worm is greater , Ferne , Cardamon , Costos , and Treacle are commended . The Ascarides or Little Worm require stronger remedies then the Long and Broad Worms do , because they are most remote from the Mouth and Stomach , wrapt in viscid humours , and are made of viscid and thick humours ; These Worms have also peculiar remedies . Take the Leaves of Wormwood one handiul , Lupines one Pugil and an half , boyle them , then take of that Decoction 12. Ounces , Hony of Roses 3 Ounces , of Salt one dram and an half , mingle and make a Clyster . Take of Nitre , of Salis Gemma of each one Scruple ; of the Gall of a Bull one dram , of Hony as much as suffices , make a Suppository , or foment below the Navil , or about the Fundament with the Decoction for the Clyster ; Also is good , flesh salted and the fat cut from it , and made in the form of a Suppository , and put into the Fundament ; So is old Cheese . Many things are propounded by Authors to be taken in at the mouth , as Scammony and Co'oquintida , which are too strong for Children ; the Juice of Ireos will be better and convenient , for it moves the Belly , and consequently expells the Worms , and by a peculiar faculty kills them , Pillula Ruffi , Hiera cum Agarico , are also good . FINIS 
A53910	----	A collection of chronical diseases viz. the colick, the bilious colick, hysterick diseases, the gout, and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies / by J. Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. 1692 Approx. 255 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 82 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A53910 Wing P1018 ESTC R13463 12254923 ocm 12254923 57356 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A53910) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 57356) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 157:5) A collection of chronical diseases viz. the colick, the bilious colick, hysterick diseases, the gout, and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies / by J. Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. Rivière, Lazare, 1589-1655. Sydenham, Thomas, 1624-1689. [8], 152 p. Printed by J.R., and are to be sold by Henry Bonwicke ..., London : 1692. "The first chapter is taken from Riverius, the other from the worthy Dr. Sydenham's works" Cf. Advertisement. Advertisement: p. 152. Reproduction of original in British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Diseases -- Early works to 1800. 2006-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-04 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-04 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A COLLECTION OF Chronical Diseases , VIZ. The Colick : The Bilious Colick : Hysterick Diseases : The Gout : And the Bloody Urine from the Stone in the Kidnies . By J. Pechey , M. A. Of the College of Physicians in London . LONDON : Printed by J. R. and are to be Sold by Henry Bonwicke , at the Red Lion in St. Paul's Church Yard , 1692. ADVERTISEMENT . MY Collections of Acute Diseases , being well approved of , I was encouraged to publish these of Chronical Diseases ; the first Chapter is taken from Riverius , the other from the worthy Dr. Sydenham's Works ; and 't is probable I may go through the whole History of Chronical Diseases , if God grant Life and opportunity . THE TABLE . CHap. I. Of the Colick . The Colick takes its name from the part affected , viz. the Colon , Pag. 1. The Causes of it , p. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. External Causes of it , p. 5. The Signs of the Causes , p. 6 , 7 , 8. The difference betwixt Nephritick Pains , and the Colick , p. 8 , 9. An obstinate Colick from Acrid Matter often degenerates into other Diseases , p. 10. The Cure , ibid. The Cure of the Colick when it degenerates into a Palsie , p. 15. Chap. II. Of the Bilious Colick of the Years 1670 , 71 , 72. A Description of the Disease , p. 17 , 18. The Cure , p. 19. The Pain is apt to return , p. 23. Riding good in this Disease , p. 24. A thin Diet must be observ'd , p. 25. The Hysterick Colick , p. 26. The Cure of it , p. 28. The Cure of the Jaundice , coming upon this Disease , p. 30 , 31. Chap. III. Of Hysterick Diseases . This Disease is the most frequent of all Chronical Diseases . p. 32. The great variety of this Disease , p. 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39. The procatartick , or external Causes of this Disease , p. 40. The origine and antecedent cause of the Ataxy , p. 41. Mother Fits , p. 43. Clavus Histericus , p. 44. Hypochondriack Colick , p. 45. Spitting common in Hysterical Women , p. 46. Of the Cold in Hysterical Diseases , ibid ▪ Fits of Weeping , p. 47. The disturbance and varying intemperies of the Body and Mind , is occasion'd by the inordination of the Spirits , p. 48. This Disease is not occasioned by Seed and Menstruous Blood , p. 49. The chief indications in this Disease , p. 51. Bleeding in the Arm is order'd , p. 52. Chalybeat Remedies are order'd , ibid. Steel is best given in Substance , p. 53. Purging is not to be us'd in a Chalybeat Course , p. 54. A Prescription for Swelling of the Belly , p. 56. The Rickets , p. 56. Filings of Steel , p. 57. Hysterick Medicines are to be us'd in a Steel course , ibid. Medicines to answer all the Indications , p. 58 , 59 , 60. Chalybeats sometimes cause great Disorders in Women , p. 60. What is to be done when the Disease is but small , ibid. Some Women abhor Hysterical Medicines , by a certain Ideosyncracy , ibid. Of Drinking Tunbridge-Waters in this case , p. 61. What is to be observ'd in Drinking them , p. 62. Of hot Sulphureous Waters to be us'd in this case , p. 63. Venice Treacle is a great Remedy in this Disease , ibid. Spanish Wine Medicated with Gentian is good , p. 63 , 64. A Milk Diet is to be us'd , p. 65. Riding on Horse-back best , p. 66. Riding on Horse-back not proper for delicate Women , p. 67. Riding is good for People in Consumptions , p. 68. In the Fits we must use Hysterical Medicines , p. 69. Laudanum must not be us'd to quiet the pains occasion'd by Vomiting , 'till Evacuations have been us'd , p. 70. The likeness betwixt this Disease and Nephritick Pains , p. 73. The errors which hurt Child-bed Women , p. 76. Medicines to cause the Locha to flow , p. 78. The immoderate Flux of the Courses , p. 81 , 82 , 83. A Cooling and thickening Diet must be order'd , p. 83. Falling of the Womb , p. 84. Chap. IV. Of the Gout . The Gout chiefly seizes Old Men , and People of a gross Habit of Body , p. 86. Sometimes it seizes thin People , and those that are in the Flower of their Age , p. 87. The regular Gout , p. 88. Rich Men and Wise Men are more troubled with the Gout than Poor Men and Fools , p. 97. Women are seldom troubled with the Gout , ibid. Boys and Youth have not the genuine Gout , ibid ▪ The Disease rises from the weaken'd Concoctions , p. 98. Of the Cure , p. 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111. Digestive Remedies must be us'd constantly , p. 117. A Mediocrity is to be observ'd in Meat and Drink , p. 119. A Milk Diet , p. 120. Liquors , p. 122. Dietetick Drink , p. 125. Those that have been us'd to Wine must not leave it off suddenly , p. 126. The Sick must go to Bed early , p. 127. Tranquillity of Mind must by all means be obtain'd , p. 128. Exercise of the Body most profitable , p. 129. Riding on Horse-back is the best Exercise , p. 131. Exercise must be us'd in a good Air , p. 132. Venery , ibid. Of keeping in Bed the First Days , p. 137. We must apply our selves to those Symptoms whereby the Life of the Patient is indanger'd , p. 138. The translation of the Morbisick Matter upon the Lungs , p. 140. The Stone in the Kidnies , ibid. External Remedies for the Gout , p. 141. The Pultis for the Gout , p. 142. The Moxa , ibid. Chap. V. Of the Bloody Vrine from the Stone in the Kidnies . Manna good in this case , p. 146. A Paregorick was given every Night at Bed-time after Purging , p. 147. The Regimen and manner of Diet , p. 148. If the Stone is large , Manna must not be taken in Purging Mineral Waters , p. 150. Chalybeat Waters must not be us'd when the Stone is too large to pass through the Vreters , p. 152. A TREATISE OF Chronical Diseases . CHAP. I. Of the Colick . THE Colick takes its Name from the part affected , which is the Colon , a long and winding Gut , appointed to receive the Excrements of almost the whole Body ; and if those Excrements are retained too long , they are wont to occasion Pains of this kind , the Excrementitious Matter occasioning a Dissolution of the continuity either by distending , or pricking , or corroding ; and this Matter is either Wind or Humour . Wind proceeding from Crudities , or from a cold intemperies of the Stomach or Guts , if it be stop'd by reason the Excrements are grown hard , or because something else obstructs the Intestines ( a great quantity of it remaining in the great Guts , especially in the Colon ) occasions violent Pain . Gross cold and phlegmatick Humours driven into the Tunicles of the Intestines , may occasion such Pain , either by gnawing , if they are Acrimonious or Briney , or by chilling the part which is consequently bound up thereby , and much disordered , ( as Galen says , when he was grievously afflicted with the Colick , he evacuated a Glassy sort of Phlegm actually cold , ) or by emitting Wind , which is easily elevated by a small Heat from the gross viscid and clammy Humour . Lastly , Cholerick and Acrid Humours , and also Melancholy and Acid by pricking and twiching the Intestines , cause such Pains . But it may be ask'd how it comes to pass , that in the action of these causes , the Colick should have its exacerbations and remissions , the same Matter remaining in the Intestines , which as 't is present , should continually gnaw and distend . To which I answer , that sometimes that Matter remains quiet , and so at that time occasions little or no pain ; but that at other times 't is moved and excited by various Fermentations , which happen in the Humours , as is usual in an Epilepsie , Hysterick Fits , and the accession of Fevers . But we must take notice that the Wind or Humours don't only reside in the Cavity of the Intestines , for then they would be easily excluded , by evacuating deterging and carminative Medicines ; but for the most part insinuate themselves into the Coats of the Intestines , and for that reason they are difficultly removed ; and so the Disease lasts longer , and can't be easily eradicated by the foresaid Remedies . The gross and phlegmatick and melancholy Humours flow by little and little through the Veins of the Intestines , into their substance , and so don 't presently cause Pain , 'till there is a quantity sufficient to irritate Nature for their expulsion ; and then being mov'd and exagitated , cause Pain . Or Wind , occasion'd by them , and included in the Coats of the Intestines , distends and twitches them , and not easily getting out , occasions a lasting Pain . Also Choler after the same manner pour'd through the Veins of the Intestines upon their Coats , and imbib'd by them , causes violent Pains , which are wont to be long and obstinate , because 't is difficultly removed from their Substance . There is another Species of a Bilious Colick which degenerates into a Palsie , scarce known to the Ancients , which proceeds from a bilious Humour , not pour'd as the former upon the Colon , but of a sudden upon the Membranes of the Abdomen , which is transferr'd thither , either from the Gaul-Bladder , or from the Mesentery in the Crisis of long Fevers , or by reason of violent Anger , or some other external cause , when because of Obstructions , it can't be carried to the common passages , but by a preposterous motion is put off suddenly upon the foresaid Membranes of the Abdomen . And hence great pain arises like the Colick , which yields neither to Clysters nor to any other Remedy , but continues for many Months , by which the Body Wasts , and the Sick is vex'd with a sort of intermittent Fever , and often with a slow continual Fever ; at length the pain remitting , a Palsie succeeds , that Humour leasurely creeping through the Membranes of the Abdomen , to the Spine of the Back . But this Palsie chiefly possesses the upper parts ; yet there is most commonly a Pain in the Thighs and Legs , and in some few the use of them is wholly taken away ; the Choler by reason of its Levity moving chiefly upwards ; and sometimes it breaks in upon the Brain , and causes Epileptick Fits , from whence Death generally follows . There are other causes of the Colick , but less frequent , viz. Stones growing in the Guts , Worms wound up in a bottom , and Obstructing the Intestines , a compression of the Guts , by a tumour of the Neighbouring Parts , and the narrowness of them by reason of an Inflamation , and other tumours of the Guts , or a twisting of them , occasion'd by Wind , which is next to an Iliac Passion ; and sometimes the Matter which causes a Colick is venomous and malignant , and so 't is a Pestilential Colick . As Paulus Aegineta relates , that a Pestilential Colick arising in Italy , was very troublesom to many of the Roman Provinces . Lastly , all hard Bodies by obstructing the Guts , or distending them , may occasion a Colick , as Stones generated in the Guts , a great quantity of Cherry Stones , hard Cheese , and the like . As Platerus relates of a certain Governour a long while troubl'd with the Colick and Convulsions , who after the use of Clysters , evacuated a great quantity of hard Cheese by Stool , which had remain'd a long time in his Guts ; for before he was Sick , he eat of it immoderately . The external causes , are a cold constitution of the Air pressing and hardening the Belly , or a hot Constitution which does likewise harden the Excrements , for all their Moisture is dry'd up by heat : The use of Meat and Drink unfit for the Mans Constitution , of crude and harsh Fruits , and of gross Meats of hard Digestion , too much Rest , immoderate Sleep , unseasonable Exercise , immoderate Venery , and other external Causes which may injure the Concoction of the Stomach . The Diagnosticks in this Disease are plain , for first the Pain is violent ; for if it be small , it ought not to be called the Colick ; and then the pain is wandering , sometimes it grievously afficts this part , sometimes that , so that sometimes it possesseth the Region of the Spleen , sometimes of the Stomach or Liver , or of the Reins , sometimes 't is above , sometimes below the Navel , and oftentimes 't is most violent in the left side , because in that part there is a narrowness first observ'd by Bauhinus . For when the Excrements in the upper and capacious part of the Colon being hardened into great Clods , agreeable to the capacity of it , are violently driven by the Wind towards that narrow part , they can't pass through without great pain ; by reason of which Symptom the Colick is often taken for Splenetick or Nephritick Pains ; neither are they easily distinguish'd when the Signs of each are compared one with another . But sometimes the pain is more fixed and setled in one place , and like the boring of an Auger . The Patient often Vomits , the Stomach being affected by consent of Parts , and Phlegm is sometimes cast up , and sometimes Choler , green as a Leek , and like Verdegrease : The pain is increas'd after Eating , because the Stomach being full , presses the Guts . The Belly is most commonly so bound , that the Sick can evacuate nothing that way , not so much as Wind ; but if any thing be evacuated naturally or by art , 't is chiefly windy , and like Cow-Dung , and Swims upon the Water , being for the most part Phlegmatick ; for Phlegm voided by Stool , is wont to swim upon Water and serous Excrements : But sometimes the Belly is so much bound when the pain is violent , that strong Purging Medicines will not work at all . The Signs of the Causes are distinguish'd after this manner . If the pain proceed from Phlegm , 't is not so violent , unless it be accompained with Wind , which can't break out of the Places 't is contain'd in , for then the pain is violent , and sometimes remains in one part , and seems to bore as with an Auger , and sometimes 't is in many Parts , when the Wind wanders about . The Sick is eased by hot things , but is injur'd by cold things . A course of Diet went before , apt to increase Phlegm . The Urine is crude and sometimes whitish , but not always which is wont to impose upon young and unskilful Physicians , for sometimes in a Phlegmatic and Windy Colick , the Urine is yellow and red dish , by reason of the Pain which inslames the Humours contain'd in the Veins and Arteries . Which Avicen has wisely observ'd , He says , no one should deceive himself , by judging the Disease is hot , from drouth , inflamation , and redness of the Water , for ' that 's common to all . If the Colick is occasion'd by Wind , there is a stretching Pain , and certain inflation of the Belly : The Sick perceive a great deal of Wind , and a rumbling of the Belly , they are much eased by breaking Wind. A course of Diet fit to breed Wind went before , as unseasonable Drinking of cold Water , the frequent use of Pulse , Turneps , Chesnuts , Herbs and Fruits , and the like . And if the Wind be contain'd in the cavity of the Intestines , the Pain is wandering , and not fix'd to one Place , and is renew'd by Intervals ; but if it be kept in within the coats of the Guts , the Pain is fix'd , because the Wind can't change its place , and is continual and obstinate , because it can't find vent . If the Colick proceeds from an Acrid and Cholerick Humour , 't is most sharp ; there 's a twiching and pricking Heat , Drouth , and for the most part a Fever , and the Urine is very Cholerick , and the Disease is increas'd by hot Medicines and Diet , and is mitigated by cold , and likewise by the excretion of Cholerick Matter , and a course of Diet fit to breed Choler went before . The pains of the other parts contain'd in the lower Belly , are easily distinguish'd from the Colick by their proper signs , except the Nephritick pain , whose signs are so like those of the Colick , that oftentimes the most skilful Physician can't distinguish them , as Galen confesses of himself , being afflicted with the Colick Pain , he thought 't was Nephritick , by reason of a Stone driven into one of the Ureters , 'till the Humour being evacuated by Stool , and so the pain ceasing , he found 't was the Colick . But by the following Signs , these two Diseases may be plainly distinguish'd , if they are accurately examin'd . First , The Nephritick pain is fix'd in the Kidny , and stretches it self from that to the Testis , according to the length of the Ureter ; but the Colick is wandering , and painfuly girds the lower Belly . Secondly , The Colick increases after Eating , by reason of the pressure upon the Gut by a full Stomach ; but the Nephritick pain is not at all increas'd after Eating , but rather lessen'd , because some of the nutricious Juice is carried to the Reins , which somewhat asswages the Pain . Thirdly , In the Colick , Vomiting is more severe , and the Belly is more bound , because the Colon lies near the bottom of the Stomach , and the Intestines being full or violently provok'd , contract themselves , that they may expel the Enemy ; but either of the Symptoms is common to either of the Diseases : So that the intension or remission of them , has a difficult diagnostick ; for the Nephritick pain being intense , may occasion greater Vomiting , and bind the Belly more than a remiss Colick . Fourthly , In the Colick , the Patient is more eas'd by Vomiting and going to Stool , than in Nephritick Pains . Fifthly , In the Nephritick pain , the Urine is first clear and thin , afterwards something settles to the bottom , and at length Sand or Gravel is evacuated : But in the Colick the Urine is thicker , from the beginning . As to the Prognosticks , the Colick most commonly , if it be gentle and remiss , and not very lasting , and not fix'd in one part , and intermits , and does not wholly stop the Belly , is curable and without danger . But if the pain be violent and fix'd to one part , and does not intermit , and if nothing be evacuated by Stool , and if the Patient can't Sleep ; and lastly , if Vomiting , Hickocks , Delirium , Coldness of the Extream Parts , and cold Sweats follow , the Disease is Deadly . An obstinate Colick from Acrid Matter , especially occasion'd by Choleric Matter , often degenerates into other most dreadful Diseases , as to the Gout or Epilepsie , but oftner to the Palsie . A contagious Pestilential and Epidemick Colick is most commonly deadly . The Cure of this Disease must be varied according to the variety of the Causes . And First , There is the same way of Cure for a windy and Phlegmatick Colick : You must begin with an emollient Clyster , and afterwards you must give a carminative and discutient Clyster , which must be repeated twice , thrice , or four times in a Day , till the Pain be gone . But if after the use of one or two Clysters , the Sick does not go to Stool , as sometimes it happens , the Belly must be irritated by a sharp Suppository ; but 't is convenient to add to one of the Clysters ℥ iiij of the Aq. Benedicta , or ʒij , or ʒiij of Coloquintida may be boil'd in an emollient and carminative Clyster . If Clysters don't give ease , you must not obstinately persist in the use of them ; but 't is better to use some gentle Medicine . It has been observ'd , that when a Sick Person has taken without any success Thirty Clysters , another Physician having given only ℥ iss of Manna , with ℥ ij of Oyl of Almonds in Fat Hen Broth , has cur'd the Patient : But in that pain which proceeds from thick Flegm , stronger Medicines must be given . Afterwards Fomentations , Ointments , Baths , Plasters , and other Remedies , are useful ; to which must be added some Specificks very proper in this Disease . Wash the Guts of a Wolf in White-wine , and afterwards dry them in a Furnace , in an Earthen Vessel , till they may be powder'd , let the Sick take ʒi of this Powder in White-wine , it presently eases pain . Boil Simple Water , and when 't is Boiling Hot , add a Fourth part of common Oyl , and some Grains of Pepper grosly beaten ; let the Sick take Three or Four Spoonfuls as hot as he can bear it , the pain will be gone as 't were in a moment . Take of the best Aloes ʒi , of Laudanum Opiatum , gr . iv , of Diagridium , gr . vi , Mingle them , make Six Pills , guild them . Let the Sick take them at a convenient time , they give ease in an Hours time , and afterwards purge off the noxious Humours . Instead of the Pills , a Potion may be taken , made of ℥ ss of Diaph●enicon , and ℈ ij of Philonium Romanum , in the Water or Decoction of Chamomil . Hypocrates proposes a Purge made of Wild Purslain and Meconium . Six ℥ of Fresh Oyl of sweet or bitter Almonds taken , asswage the Pain , and carry the marter sticking to the Guts downwards , and mixt with the following things , it does a great deal of good . Take of the Oyl of Almonds , or of some other Oyl for Poor People ℥ iiij , of Generous Wine ℥ i , of Syrup of Poppies ℥ i , mingle them , make a Potion . Oyl of Sweet Almonds also taken with Manna in fat Broth , asswages the pain , and evacuates the Peccant Matter . The Seed of Ammi powder'd , and ʒi of it given in Wine , soon takes off the pain , and being given a Second time , it most commonly cures the Disease ; a Cataplasm of ℥ iij of Turpentine being apply'd with Stupes at the same time , to which must be added of the Sinapisatum Piperis , and of Dragons Blood , each ʒi . Paracelsus's Galbanetum is proper to discuss the Humour , if the whole Belly be anointed with it : This Description of it is propos'd by Crato . Take of Gum Eleme , of Ivy , of Galbanum , of Oyl of Lawrel , each equal parts , distil them in a Retort in Sand ; keep what comes over apart , first the Water , then the clear Oyl , afterwards the thick Oyl like Hony , which must be used first . Take of Calamus Aromaticus ℥ i , of Galangal ʒiij , of the Yellow of the outward Peel of Oranges ℥ iiij , of choice Cinamon , of Anise and Fennel Seeds each ʒiij , of Cummin Seed ʒvi , of fresh Juniper Berries ℥ ss , of Lawrel Berries ʒiij , let them be finely Powder'd and infus'd in vi th of Malago Sack , let them stand in a warm place for vi days , afterwards distill them in B. M. the Dose is ℥ i evacuations going before . Gum Caragna and Tacamahaca may be conveniently apply'd to the Belly , and before they are put on , a Cupping-Glass may be apply'd t●●he Navel . And tho the foresaid Plaisters are not apply'd , yet the Cupping-Glass ought to be apply'd to the Navel , which Galen says , does like a Charm , remove the pain occasion'd by Wind. If the Disease is lasting , it may be successfully treated with the Decoction of Guaiacum continued for many days , purging now and then , and injecting Clysters frequently ; but if the Colick proceed from glassy Phlegm , boil the Guaiacum with Wine , as Amatus Lucitanus us'd it with good success . The pain being quieted , an Apozem evacuating Phlegm is to be prescrib'd , by which the Reliques of the Disease may be carried off , or instead of that , a decoction of an old Cock , compounded of such things as purge and attenuate . A bilious Colick is cur'd by emollient Clysters , and with such things as attemperate the Acrimony of the humours . Let the Belly be fomented with an emollient and anodyne Decoction , or which is better , let a Semicupium be prepar'd of the same Decoction . A Cataplasm will also be convenient , prepar'd with Barly-meal , and Flax-seed boil'd in Oyl of Camomel , and apply'd to the bottom of the Belly . Also a cooling Epithem compounded after this manner , to be apply'd to the region of the Liver , will be proper : Take of the Juice of Endive , of Cichory , each thss . of the Juice of Lettice and Rose-Vinegar each ℥ ij , mingle them , make an Epithem . Give Juleps of the water of erratic Poppy , of Lettice and Sorrel , with the Syrups of Violets , of Apples , and of Lemons . If the pain is very violent we must use Narcoticks . The pain being somewhat mitigated , an infusion of Rubarb in Cichory-water is to be given , with Syrup of Roses , and to be repeated often , till the stock of matter is evacuated . If gentle purging be not sufficient to eradicate the Disease , we must use Mercurius dulcis , which being given sometimes with Purging Medicines , that have Diagridium in them , perfects the Cure. They that dislike Diagridium may give Mercurius dulcis alone , made into Pills with Conserve of Roses , drinking upon them an infusion of Rubarb and Senna , with Manna and Syrup of Roses added to it . Afterwards 't will be convenient to use Tunbridge , or such like Water . When the pain is violent , we must fly to Baths and Laudanum , with which Catharticks may be sometimes given , but in a large Dose , because the quality is much blunted by Laudanun . Paracelsus's Galbanetum , tho 't is hot , is proper to discuss the humour , if the whole Belly is anointed with it ; the description of it is above . Bleeding is sometimes proper in this sort of Colick , when there is danger , lest the violence of the heat should occasion a Fever ; but if there be a Fever already , 't is presently to be us'd . When there 's a great drouth , Cold water must be given , according to Galen's instruction ; and Amalus Lusitanus says , he wonderfully Cur'd of a sudden , such a pain by the use of it ; and Septalius declares in two Observations , that he us'd it inwardly and outwardly with great success . For the Cure of a Colick that degenerates into a Palsie , put the Patient into a warm Bath , made of a Decoction of emollient things , the Belly being loosen'd with various Clysters , and the first passages open'd by Catharticks . The Patient must be bath'd twice , thrice , or four or five times in a day , that the Acrimony of the Humours may be attemperated , and that the Pores of the Membranes may be open'd . The next day let the Humour be purg'd with some proper Cathartick , and then the Bath must be repeated ; and so you must do every other day , if the Patient be able to bear it , till the humours being purg'd off , and the pain quieted , he is recover'd . In the mean while , you must continue the use of Clysters ; but those made of Milk are best to asswage the pain ; to which you may add Cassia , Oyl of Violets , and Oyl of Lillies . Let the Belly be frequently anointed with Oyl of Chamomel , of Dill , sweet Almonds , Lillies , and with Butter . Lastly , Use Whey and Tunbridge-waters , or the like : And if the Disease continue a long while , those things may be used which are proper to Cure Hypocondrical Melancholy . And Bleeding is to be us'd at the beginning of the Disease , and before Purging , and to be often repeated , if the Bloud seem to be bad , or if something of a Rheumatism seem to be join'd with it . Lastly , All those Remedies which are propos'd for the Cure of the Bilious Colick , may be used in this case ; and if these things do no good , some Physicians prescribe the following Potion , which though it be loathsom , and won't go down with the delicate , yet they say it presently mitigates the pain . Take of Horse-Dung ℥ i , crumble it into small pieces , and infuse it in lb i of Erratic Poppy water , to which add viij or x Drops of Spirit of Wine ; stram it gently , and divide it into Three Doses , to be taken at the times in which the Pain is most violent . But if the Disease degenerate into a Palsie , you must use to the Spine of the Back , and the Paralitick Parts , some resolvent Balsom , and such a one as strengthens the Nerves if there be a Fever . But if there be no Fever , you may apply Wool dipt in Oyl or Ointment to the Paralitick parts , taking great care that the Patient does not catch cold , for by that means the Humour will be more fix'd upon the part , and the perspiration of it will be hinder'd . Paracelsus's Galbanetum is very useful in this case , if it be apply'd to the foresaid parts , and also to the Navel . CHAP. II. Of the Bilious Colick of the Years 1670 , 71 , 72. IN all these Years the Blood was much inclin'd to put off upon the Bowels Hot and Cholerick Humours , upon which account this Colick was more frequent than is usual : The same Febrile Symptoms preceeded this Disease as us'd to go before the Dysentery that reign'd in those times ; and sometimes this Disease follow'd the Dysentery , when it had a long while afflicted the Patient , and was just about to leave him . But when it did not follow a long Dysentery , it generally took its rise from a Fever , which after some Hours was wont to end in this Disease . It chiefly siez'd young People of a Hot and Cholerick Constitution , especially in the Summer . The pain of the Bowels was extreamly violent , and more intollerable than any other that afflicts poor Mortals . It sometimes binds as it were the Guts , and sometimes being contracted to a point , it bores like an Auger . The pain now and then remits , and presently the Fit approaches again , which as soon as the Patient perceives , he looks sadly , and bemoans himself as if 't were actually upon him . At the beginning of this Disease , the pain is not so certainly determin'd to one point , as in the progress of it ; neither is the Vomiting so frequent , neither does the Belly so obstinately resist Catharticks ; but the more the pain is increas'd , the more pertinaciously is it fix'd in a point , the Vomiting is more frequent , and the Belly more bound , till at length by the dreadful force of these Symptoms , a total inversion of the Peristaltick motion of the Guts , ( if the Patient be not soon relieved , ) and by consequence an Iliac Passion is procur'd ; in which Disease all Purging Medicines become presently Emetick , and Clysters that are injected , are vomited up with the Excrements . The Matter that is cast up after this Manner , if it be sincere and without mixture , is sometimes green , and sometimes yellow , and sometimes of an unusual colour . Now seeing every Phaenômenon of this Disease shews plainly that it proceeds from some Acrid Humour , or Vapour put off by the Blood upon the Intestines ; this in my Opinion is the chief curative Indication , namely , that the said Humour should be evacuated , as well that which is antecedently in the Veins , as that which is contain'd in the Guts ; and the next to this is , that the force of the Humours tending thither ▪ should be restrained by the use of Anodines ▪ and that the violent pain should be mitigated by them . Therefore I order that Blood should be freely taken from the Arm , if no Blood has been taken away before ; and after Two or Three Hours , I give an Anodine . The next day I prescribe some gentle Purge , and to be repeated the next day save one , and sometimes thrice , according as the Relicks of the Humour are more or less . But we must take notice , that if this Disease proceed from Eating too much Fruit , or from any Meat of hard Digestion , upon which account ill and corrupted Juices are first transmitted to the Blood , and afterwards to the Bowels , I say in this case the Stomach must be wash'd with large Draughts of Posset-Drink , which must be Vomited up again ; which being done , an Anodine is to be given , and the next day a Vein must be open'd ; and as to other things , you must proceed according to the Directions above-mention'd . But when the violence of the Pain , and the Vomiting ( by reason of which the Guts are as it were inverted ) do resist the operation of the Catharticks , they must be made stronger ; for 't is in vain to give a gentle Cathartick , unless the Patient is easily Purg'd , which must be carefully enquir'd into ; for such a Medicine being not strong enough to make its way through the Intestines , the Patient is more injur'd thereby ; for by its ineffectual agitation , the Vomiting and the Pain is increased . A Lenitive Cathartick Potion , of the infusion of Tamarinds , of the Leaves of Senna and Rubarb , in which may be dissolved Manna , and Syrup of Roses , is to be preferr'd before other Catharticks , for it least exagitates and moves the Humours . But if the Sick can't retain a Liquid Medicine , by reason of an aversion , or because of the Vomiting , you must necessarily use Pills , among which the Pill Cochia pleases me best , for they pass best through the Body in this and in most other cases . But when the weakness of the Stomach , or the Vomiting is so great , that the Pills can't be retain'd , then I first order an Anodine , and a few Hours after a Purge ; but there must be so much space betwixt them , that the Cathartick be not quell'd by the Narcotick , and so render'd ineffectual ; but that it may continue so long in the Stomach , as is necessary for its imparting its Purgative ▪ quality to it , that it may operate when the virtue of the Narcotick is spent ; though the Purge if it could be conveniently done , is best given a long while after the Anodine ; for Twelve Hours after taking it , the Patient is difficultly Purg'd . But because in this as well as in most other Diseases , in which Narcoticks are indicated , a Purge always increases the Pain ( at least when it has done working , for while 't is in operation , the Patient is not so ill , ) therefore I usually give an Anodine as soon as the Purge has done working , which I order to be taken Morning and Evening Daily , viz. In the middle spaces betwixt the Purges , that I may the more certainly appease the Pain till the Patient has been sufficiently Purg'd . The Purging of the Humours being over , I endeavour to bridle the fury of the Disease , ( which now only remains to be done , ) by giving an Anodine constantly Morning and Evening , which must be sometimes repeated oftner ; nor cou'd I ever take off violent pains , without a larger Dose than is usual , and that repeated too ; for that which is sufficient to vanquish another Disease , will be altogether insufficient in this case , the violence of the Disease subduing the force of the Medicine : And 't is indeed safe to repeat Narcoticks , while such a pain as this continues violent , but not when 't is gone off . Wherefore I repeat the Anodine according to the degree of the pain , till it ceases , or till it be very much lessen'd ; yet there must be such a space of time between them , that I may find what may be hop'd for from the former Dose , before I give another : But for the most part , unless the pain be very violent , a Paregorick given Morning and Evening may be sufficient . Liquid Laudanum is the Anodine I chiefly use , of which I give Sixteen Drops in some Cordial Water , or the Dose may be increas'd according to the violence of the Pain . This plain Method by which first the Peccant Matter is evacuated by Bleeding and Purging , and then ease procur'd by the help of Narcoticks , succeeded better in my practice , than any other I ever knew ; whereas Carminative Clysters , injected in order to Exterminate the Acrid Humours , do only stir the Coals , and render the Disease more lasting , by the tumult they raise in the Humours . But here I must admonish you , that though I have said Bleeding and Purging must necessarily precede this quieting Method , yet sometimes upon occasion both being omitted , you must begin with Anodines . For instance , when by reason of some preceding Sickness , large Evacuations have been us'd not long before the coming of the Colick , ( for many times they who have recover'd of another Disease , have fell suddenly into this , by reason of a weakness of the Bowels , especially if there be a great degree of Heat , occasion'd by drinking of Wine , or some other Spirituous Liquor immoderately , ) I say in this case , 't is not only unnecessary , but I think 't is injurious to give Catharticks again , for by them new Tumults will be rais'd . Moreover the Guts are most commonly sufficiently cleans'd by Clysters , frequently us'd before the Physician is advis'd with ; so that partly for this cause , and partly by reason of the long continuance of the Disease , Narcoticks seem in a manner to be only useful . In August , 1671 , the Noble Baron Annesly being afflicted with the Bilious Colick , with intolerable Pain , and frequent Vomiting for some Days , sent for me to the Castle of Belvoir ; he had try'd all sorts of Clysters and other Remedies , by the prescription of Learn'd and Experienc'd Physicians living thereabout . I advis'd without any more adoe , the repeated use of Narcoticks , according to the Method just deliver'd , by which he recover'd in a few Days , and came to Town well with me . But because this pain of its own nature is wont to return more than any other , all occasions of its Relapse must be prevented , by giving an Anodine twice a Day for some Days : But if as often as the Narcotick is intermitted , the pain now and then returns , as it sometimes happens , I don't know any thing that will so certainly perfect the Cure , as Riding on Horse-back , or in a Coach , with which the Patient must take long Journies ▪ and in the mean while an Anodine must be given constantly Morning and Evening ; for by this kind of Exercises , the Matter causing the Disease , is remov'd to the habit of the Body , and the Blood being broke into small parts by perpetual agitation , is as it were depurated again , and at length the Intestines are much strengthen'd and refresh'd by this way of stirring up the natural Heat . Nor am I asham'd to confess , that by the help of this Exercise , I have more than once perfectly cur'd this Disease , when I was not able to cure it any other way ; but this must not be us'd before the Patient has been well Purg'd , and then he must continue the use of it for many Days . One of my poor Neighbours who is now Living , was afflicted in these Years with a most violent Bilious Colick , who a long time endeavour'd , but in vain , to conquer the Disease by Catharticks , Clysters , and Leaden Bullets swallow'd down ; I order'd him to use Narcoticks frequently , which he did with good success , for as often as he us'd them , he found himself very easie ; but seeing the Disease was only palliated with these things and not extirpated ( for it return'd assoon as the vertue of the Narcotick was spent , ) I took pity upon the Man , being grievously afflicted with this Disease , and also with Poverty , and lent him one of my Horses , that he might go a Journy as above directed , and having travelled a few Days , the Bowels grew so strong , as to be able to shake off the Relicks of the Disease , and so he perfectly recover'd , without the help of Anodines . And to speak the truth , I have known this kind of Exercise has been always us'd with admirable success in most other Chronical Diseases , if the Patient continued it resolutely . For if we consider with our selves , that the lower Belly in which are plac'd the Organs of Secretion , are much shaken by this Exercise , perhaps some Thousands of times in a Day , we shall easily believe that they are able by the help of the foresaid Exercise , to shake off any Excrementitious Juice that is impacted there ; and ( which is of greater Moment yet , ) that they are so corroborated by that powerful excitation of the native Heat , that they may duly perform that office of purifying the Blood which Nature has appointed them . If the Patient be Young , and of a Hot Constitution , I order a cooling and thickening Diet , suppose Pulp of Barly , Panada , and the like , and every third day if the Stomach is craving , a Chick , or a Whiting boyl'd . I allow no other Drink than Small-beer , or Milk-water : And this is all I order , unless Riding necessary to recover the Health , requires more nourishing Food , and more generous Liquor , by which the Spirits exhausted by Exercise may be repair'd . But when the Disease being unskilfully treated has a long while afflicted the Patient , so that the Bowels become weak and infirm , and he is in a manner quite wasted , I say in this case we find by experience , that the free use of Epidemick Water , or of Aq. Mirabilis , or of any other the Patient likes best , relieves him at this time beyond expectation ; for by this means the small Relicks of the Native Heat and the Spirits will be excited , and the preternatural ferment sticking to the Bowels , and now and then occasioning new Fits , will be extinguish'd by Spirituous Liquors . Moreover as in the cure of the Disease , so when 't is over , the thin Diet we have mention'd must be observ'd for some time ; for this Disease being more apt to return than any other , and seating it self upon the principle parts for Concoction ( I mean the Bowels already weaken'd by it ) the least error of this kind will presently occasion much pain . Wherefore in this and all other Diseases of the Bowels , Meats of hard Digestion are carefully to be avoided , and things of easie Digestion must be taken only in such a quantity as will suffice to sustain Life . A certain kind of Hysterical Disease afflicts some Women , very like the Bilious Colick , both as to the sharpness and situation of the Pain , and also upon the account of the Humours ejected by Vomit , of a Yellow and Green Colour : I will treat of it by the by , lest any one should take it for the bilious Colick just now mention'd . Those Women that are of a laxe and crude habit of Body , are chiefly afflicted with this Disease , and they that have lately labour'd under some other Hysterick indisposition , ( or which is very often ) those that have scarce evaded a difficult and hard Labour , in bringing forth a large Child , whereby the Mothers Nature and Strength has been almost spent . A pain as violent almost as that of the Colick or Iliack Passion , seizes the region of the Stomach ; and sometimes it comes a little lower , and then violent Vomitings follow , and the Matter which is cast up , is sometimes Yellow , and sometimes Green ; and moreover ( which I have often observ'd , ) there 's a greater dejection of Spirit and desperation than in any other Disease whatever . After a Day or Two the pain goes off , and returns again a few Weeks after as violent as 't was before . Sometimes 't is accompanied with the Jaundice , which is very visible , and which goes off of its own accord in a few Days . When all the Symptoms are gone off , and when the Patient seems very well , the smallest disorder of the Mind , whether it be occasion'd by Anger or Sorrow ( to both which in this case Women are very prone , ) almost recalls the pain , which may be said of Walking or any other Exercise us'd too soon ; for by these means Vapours are elevated in a laxe and weak habit of Body . When according to the vulgar Opinion , I say , Vapours , whether they be so or no , or whether they are convulsions of particular parts , the Phaenomena may be solved either way . These Vapours or Convulsions when they invade this or that region of the Body , produce Symptoms agreeable to the part they invade ; and though they are one and the same Disease every where , yet they cunningly resemble most of the Diseases Mankind is expos'd to , which is manifest from this Symptom , which when it seizes upon the parts near the Colon , imitates exactly the Bilious Colick , which is also as apparent in many other parts of the Body afflicted with this Disease . For instance , Sometimes it seizes one of the Kidneys with a violent pain , from whence arises violent Vomiting , and being oftentimes convey'd by the passage of the Ureter , it resembles the Stone ; and being exasperated by Clysters and other Lithontriptick Medicines design'd to force away the Stone , it afflicts the Patient in the same manner a long while , and sometimes ( contrary to its nature , for left to it self , 't is no way dangerous ) kills the Patient . I have seen moreover Symptoms occasion'd by it , exactly resembling the Stone in the Bladder . Not long agoe I was call'd up in the Night to visit a Countess , my Neighbour , seiz'd suddenly with a violent pain in the region of the Bladder , and with a suppression of Urine ; and having known that she was subject to various Hysterick Indispositions , I suppos'd the Disease was not that they imagin'd , and therefore I would not suffer a Clyster that her Maid had prepared to be injected , lest the Disease should be increas'd thereby ; and instead of this and Emollients , namely Syrup of Marsh Mallows and the like , which the Apothecary had brought , I order'd a Narcotick , which soon took off that Symptom . And indeed there is not one part of the Body wholly secur'd from the assaults of this Disease , whether they are internal or external , as the Jaws , Hips and Legs ; in all which it excites violent pain , and when it goes off , leaves a tenderness behind , which will not bear touching , just as if the Flesh was bruis'd with violent Strokes . But now seeing I have deliver'd some things by the by , appertaining to the History of the Hysterick Colick , lest it should be mistaken for the Bilious Colick , I will transiently ▪ touch upon some things relating to the cure of the Symptom of pain which accompanies it . For the perfect Cure which takes off the Disease , by removing the cause , comes under another Speculation , and belongs to another place . Bleeding and Purging repeated , which are plainly indicated at the beginning of a Bilious Colick , are not to be used here , unless in the case to be mention'd by and by ; for experience teaches , that the pain is exasperated , and that all the Symptoms increase by reason of the tumult which those things occasion ; and I have more than once observ'd , that the repetition of the gentlest Clysters have brought on a long series of Symptoms . And reason as well as experience dictates , that this Disease is rather produced by an inordinate motion of the Spirits , than by vicious Humours , if we consider what things most commonly occasion it ; and they are such as these , large and unnecessary profusions of Blood , violent motions of the Mind and Body , and such like : All which forbid those Remedies by which a greater disturbance of the Spirits may be occasion'd ; and instead of them Anodines are to be us'd , though the green and ill colour of the Matter vomited up may seem to indicate the contrary ; for the speculation of colours is too nice to authorize those Evacuations , which we find ipso facto injurious . And I don 't at all doubt that this Disease ( which though it occasion violent pain , is no way Mortal , ) has prov'd deadly by reason of Errors committed upon the belief of such Speculations . Moreover if any one should give the strongest Vomit to Day , to eject that which he supposes to be the occasion of the Disease , yet the next Day the Patient would vomit up Matter quite as green or of some other ill colour , as was the former . But we must take notice , that there is sometimes so great a quantity of Blood and Humours which so resists the operation of the Narcotick , that though it be often repeated , it can't quell the tumult , till the Patient is Blooded and Purg'd , which I have observ'd in Women of a very Sanguine Constitution , and in Virago's . If the case is so , Bleeding or Purging , or perchance both , must make way for the Anodine ; for either of these being us'd , a moderate Dose of the Narcotick will perform the business , which otherwise would signifie nothing , though the largest Dose was given : But this seldom happens , and then these Remedies must not be repeated ; and when they are us'd when there is need of them , you must proceed in giving Anodines in that Method which I have propos'd in the Bilious Colick , and they must be taken often or seldom , according to the degrees of pain . Which Method indeed respects only the Symptom of violent pain ; for I don 't now undertake to treat of that Method which takes off the cause . But for as much as this Disease in Hypocondriacal as well as Hysterical People , ( for the reason is the same in both , as is said in another place , ) often ends in the Jaundice , and as this comes on , so that goes off ; we must take notice , that in curing this kind of Jaundice , all Catharticks are either wholly to be omitted , or if they are given , you must use only ▪ Rubarb or some other gentle Purge ▪ for there 's danger lest by Purging , new Tumults should arise , and so all the Symptoms return . And therefore in this case , nothing must be done presently , seeing the Jaundice taking its rise on this account , generally lessens of its own accord , and wholly vanishes in a short time ; but if it continues a long while , and seems to go off difficulty , Remedies must be taken for it : I use the following . Take of the Roots of Madder , of Curcuma , each ℥ i , of all the greater Celandine , and of the tops of the lesser Centauris , each M i ; boil them in equal parts of Rhenish Wine , and of Fountain Water , to lb ij , in the straining Dissolve ℥ ij of the Syrup de quinq . Radicibus , mingle them , make an Apozem ; let the Patient take lb ss Morning and Evening , till he 's well . But if the Jaundice comes of it self , the Colick not going before , 't is necessary besides the alteratives just mentioned , to give Cholagoges , that is , such things as purge Choler by Stool , namely once or twice before the Patient enters upon the Apozem prescrib'd , and afterwards once a Week as long as he takes it . As take of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses ʒij , of Rubarb finely Powder'd ʒss , of Cream of Tartar ℈ i , make a Bolus with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Rubarb , with Cichory ; give it early in the Morning , and let the Patient drink upon it a small Draught of Rhenish Wine . But if notwithstanding the constant taking of these things a long while , the Disease continues obstinate , the Patient must drink Tunbridge Water or such like , from the Fountain every Morning 'till he recovers . CHAP. III. Of the Hysterick Disease . THIS Disease if I calculate right , is the most frequent of all Chronical Diseases , and as Fevers with those Diseases that appertain to them , if they are compar'd with Chronical taken all together make two Thirds , so Hysterical Diseases ( at least those that go under that Name , ) are half the remaining Third ; that is , Chronical Diseases are half Hysterick , for very few Women ( which Sex contains the half of grown People ) are wholly free from all kinds of Hysterick Diseases , if you except those who being accustomed to labour , live hardly . Yea , many of those Men that live sedentary Lives , and are wont to Study hard , are afflicted with the same Disease . And though heretofore Hysterical Symptoms were always reckon'd to proceed from a vitious Womb , yet if we compare Hypocondriacal Symptoms which we are supposed to proceed from obstructions of the Spleen or Bowels , or from some other I know not what Obstructions , with Womens Hysterick Symptoms , an Egg is scarce more like an Egg , than these Symptoms are one another in all respects . But it must be confess'd that Women , are much more subject to this kind of Disease than Men , not for that the Womb is more faulty than any other region of the Body , but for causes to be shewn by and by . Nor is this Disease only frequent , but so wonderfully various , that it resembles almost all the Diseases poor Mortals are subject to , for whatever part it seats it self in , it presently produces such Symptoms as appertain to it ; and unless the Physician is very sagacious and very skilful , he will be mistaken , and suppose that those Symptoms proceed from some essential Disease of this or that part , and not from an Hysterical Distemper . Sometimes for instance , it possesses the Head , and occasions an Apoplexy , which also ends in an Hemiplegy , and is exactly like that Apoplexy by which Corpulent and Antient People are destroy'd , and which happens by reason the passages of the Animal Spirits are stopt , the Cortex of the Brain being stuffed by a great deal of Phlegm , from which cause the Apoplexy that happens to Hysterical Women , does no way seem to arise , for it seizes such very often presently after delivery , a great quantity of Blood being at the same time evacuated , or it 's occasion'd by hard Labour , or some violent commotion of the Mind . Sometimes it produces violent Convulsions , very like an Epilepsie , the Belly and Bowels swelling towards the Throat , the Patient strugling so violently , that though at other times her strength is but ordinary , she now can scarce be held by all the strength of the by Standers , uttering some odd and inarticulate sounds , and striking her Breast . Women who are accustom'd to this Disease , commonly call'd Mother Fits , are generally extraordinary Sanguine , and have an habit of Body almost like that of a Virago . Sometimes it possesses the outward part of the Head betwixt the Pericranium and Skull , causing violent pain continually fix'd in one part , which may be cover'd with the top of your Thumb ; and violent Vomiting accompanies this pain . I call this Species , Clavus Hystericus , chiefly afflicting those that have a Chlorosis . Sometimes falling upon the Vital parts , it occasions so great a palpitation of the Heart , that the Women who are afflicted with it may verily believe that the by Standers may hear the sound of the heart thumping upon the Ribs ; this kind chiefly afflicts those that are of a thin habit of Body , and of a weak Constitution , and who look almost tabid ; and also Young Maids that have the Green Sickness . Sometimes it seizes the Lungs , and the Patient coughs almost without intermission , but expectorates nothing ; and though this sort of Cough don't shake the Breast so violently as that which is Convulsive , yet the Explosions are much more frequent : But this kind of Hysterick Cough is very rare , and chiefly invades Women that abound with Phlegm . Sometimes rushing violently upon the Colon , and the region under the Scrobiculum Cordis , it occasions violent Pain , much like the Iliac Passion , and the Woman Vomits exceedingly , ejecting a certain green Matter , somewhat like that they call Porraceous Bile , and sometimes of an unusual colour . And often after the Sick has been almost destroy'd by the said Pain , ( which would tire a Stoical Apathy , ) and reachings to Vomit for many Days , at length the Fit is carried off by the Jaundice , tincturing the Superficies of the Body like Saffron . Moreover the Sick is oppressed by an anguish of Mind , and wholly despairs of Recovery , with dejection of Mind , and as it were a certain Desparation which as certainly accompanies ( as I have observ'd ) this kind of Hysterick Diseases , as the Pain and Vomiting above mention'd . This kind chiefly invades those that are of a Laxe and Crude habit of Body , and those that have suffer'd much in bringing forth great Children . When this Disease falls upon one of the Kidneys , it plainly represents by the pain it causes there , a Nephritick Paroxism , and not only by that sort of Pain , and by the place it rages in , but also by violent Vomitings , which accompany it , and also for that sometimes the pain extends it self through the passage of the Ureter ; so that 't is very difficult to know whether these Symptoms proceed from the Stone , or from some Hysterick Disease , unless perchance some unlucky accident disturbing the Womans Mind a little before she was taken ill , or the Vomiting of green Matter , shews that the Symptoms rather proceed from an Hysterick Disease , than from the Stone . Neither is the Bladder free from this false Symptom , for it does not only cause Pain there , but it also stops the Urine , just as if there were a Stone , whereas there is none . But this last kind seizing the Bladder , happens very seldom ; but that which resembles the Stone in the Kidnies is not so rare : Both us'd to invade those Women who are much weaken'd by Hysterick Fits coming frequently ▪ and whose health of Body is much impair'd . Sometimes falling upon the Stomach , it causes continual Vomiting , and sometimes a Diarrhaea , when 't is setled upon the Guts ; but no pain accompanies either of those Symptoms , tho oftentimes in both , that green Humour appears : Both these kinds are familiar with those that are much weaken'd by Hysterick Fits coming frequently . And as this Disease afflicts almost all the inwards parts , so sometimes it also seizes the outward parts , and the Musculous Flesh , occasioning pain , and sometimes a tumour in the Jaws , Shoulders , Hands , Thighs and Legs , in which kind that tumour which swells the Legs is more conspicuous than the rest ; but whereas in Hydropical Tumours these Two things may be always taken notice of , namely , that the Swelling is most in the Evening , and that the Finger press'd upon it , leaves a Pit. In this tumour the Swelling is most in the Morning , neither does it yield to the Finger , or leave any Mark behind it ; and for the most part it only swells one of the Legs . As to other things , if you mind the largeness of it , or its superficies , 't is so very like Hydropical Swellings , that the Patient can scarce be brought to believe 't is any other Disease . Neither can the Teeth free themselves from the assaults of this Disease , though they are not hollow , and though there 's no apparent defluxion that may occasion the pain , yet is it no whit gentler , nor shorter , nor easier cured . But those pains and tumours which afflict the outward parts , chiefly seize those Women that are in a manner quite destroy'd by a long series of Hysterick Paroxisms , and by the force of them . But among all the torments of this Disease , there 's none so common as a pain in the Back , which most certainly all feel , how little soever they are afflicted with this Disease . Moreover this is common to the foresaid Pains , that the place on which they were , will not bear touching after they are gone , but is tender , and akes , just as if 't were soundly beaten ; but this tenderness goes off by degrees . And this is worth observing , that often a notable cold of the External parts , makes way for these Symptoms , which for the most part does not go off till the Fit ends ; which Cold I have observ'd is almost like that by which a Carkas grows stiff , yet the Pulse are good . And moreover , almost all Hysterick Women which I have hitherto taken care of , complain of a dejection and sinking of the Spirits ; and when they wou'd shew the place where this contraction or sinking of the Spirits is , they point to the region of the Lungs . Lastly , Every one knows that Hysterick Women sometimes Laugh excessively , and sometimes Cry as much , without any real cause for either . But among all the Symptoms that accompany this Disease , this is the most proper , and almost inseparable , namely a Urine as clear as Rock Water ; and this Hysterick Women evacuate plentifully , which I find by diligent inquiry , is in almost all the Pathognomonic sign of this Disease which we call Hysterick in Women , and Hypocondriack in Men ; and I have sometimes observ'd in Men , that presently after making Water of a Citron colour , ( yea almost the next moment ) being suddenly seized with some violent commotion of the Mind , they presently make Water as clear as Crystal , and in a great quantity , with a continued violent Stream , and continue ill 'till the Urine comes to its wonted Colour , and then the Fit goes off . And it happens to all Hysterical and Hypocondriacal People , that sometimes they belch up ill Fumes as often as they eat , though they eat only moderately , and according as they have an Appetite ; and sometimes the Wind that comes from the Stomach is sour , just like Vinegar when it comes into the Mouth , the Concoction being much impair'd , and the Juices quite differing from their natural state . Neither are they unhappy upon this account only , viz. that their Bodies are so ill affected , and as it were tottering like ruinated Houses just about to fall ; for their Minds are more diseased than their Bodies , for an incurable Desparation is mix'd with the very nature of the Disease ; they are in a great rage when any one speaks never so little of the hopes he has conceived of their Recovery , easily believing that they suffer all the miseries that can befal a Man , foreboding the most dreadful things to themselves , entertaining in their restless and anxious Breasts upon a slight occasion , or perhaps for none at all , Fear , Anger , Jealousie , Suspicions , and worse Passions of the Mind if any can be worse , abhoring all Joy , Hope and Mirth , and if any one of these do chance to occur , 't is rara Avis , and soon flies away , and does no less exagitate the Mind , than the sorrowful Passions ; so that they never observe a mean , constant only to inconstancy : Sometimes they love beyond measure , and presently hate the same without any cause ; sometimes they design to do this or that , then presently alter their Intentions , and begin the quite contrary , and yet they don't perform that neither ; so wavering are they , that their Minds can't be at all at rest ; and that which the Roman Orator said of the Superstitious , exactly agrees with these Melancholy ▪ People ▪ Sleep ( says he ) seems to be a refuge for the Laborious and careful , but from thence cares and fears arise . Whilst only Funerals and Apparitions of their Deceas'd Friends are represented in Dreams , and they are so tormented in Body and Mind , that one would think their Lives were a Purgatory , in which they were to purifie themselves , and to expiate Crimes committed in some other state . Nor does this happen only to Mad People , but also to those who if you except these impetuosities of Mind , are very Prudent and Judicious ▪ and who much excel for deep Thought and wisdom in Speech , others whose Minds were never excited by these Provokements to thinking , so that Aristotle was much in the right , when he said Melancholy People are most ingenious . But this dreadful condition of the Mind which we have above describ'd , seizes on those only that have much and a long while conflicted with this Disease , and have been at length wholly vanquish'd by it , especially if Adversity , Care or Trouble of Mind , or hard Study or the like , joyn'd with an ill habit of Body , have added Oyl to the Flame . A day would scarce be sufficient to reckon up all the Symptoms belonging to Hysterick Diseases , so various are they , and so contrary one to the other , that Proteus had not more shapes , nor the Chamelion greater variety of colours : And I think Democritus reckon'd pretty right ( though he mistook the cause of the Disease , ) when he said in an Epistle to Hippocrates , that the Womb was the cause of Six Hundred Miseries , and of innumerable Calamities . Nor are they only very various , but also so irregular , that they can't be contain'd under any uniform type , which is usual in other Diseases , for they are as it were a disorderly heap of Phaenomena , so that 't is very difficult to write the History of this Disease . The procatartick or external causes of this Disease , are either violent motions of the Body , or which is much oftner , vehement commotions of the Mind from some sudden assault , either of Anger or Grief or the like Passions ; therefore as often as Women advise with me about this or that disorder of Body , the reason of which can't be deduc'd from the common Axioms , for finding out Diseases , I always diligently inquire of them whether they are not chiefly afflicted with that indisposition which they complain of when they have been disturb'd in their Minds and afflicted with Grief , which if they confess , I am sufficiently satisfied that the Disease must come under this Tribe we are now speaking of , especially if Urine as clear as Chrystal evacuated copiously at some certain times , makes the diagnostick more manifest . But to these disorders of the mind which are usually the occasions of this Disease , is to be added emptiness of the Stomach by reason of long fasting , immoderate bleeding , and a Vomit or a Purge that work'd too much . Now having drawn the Picture of this Disease according to its most vulgar Phaenomena , in the next place its internal efficient causes are to be consider'd , as well as we can gather them from all the circumstances join'd together , which we have describ'd : And in my opinion those Diseases which we call hysterical in Women , and hypochondriacal in Men ▪ proceed from a confusion of the Spirits , upon which account , too many of them in a croud contrary to proportion , are hurry'd violently upon this or that part , occasioning Convulsions and pain , when they rush upon parts endued with exquisite Sense , perverting the Functions of the Organs , both of that , into which they thrust themselves , and also of that from whence they departed ; both being much injur'd by this unequal distribution , which is quite contrary to the oeconomy of Nature . The origine and antecedent cause of this Ataxy , is a weak constitution of the said Spirits , whether it 's natural or adventitious ; for which reason , they are easily dissipated upon any occasion , and their System soon broke . For as the outward man is fram'd with parts obvious to Sense , so without doubt the inward man consists of a due Series , and as it were a Fabric of the Spirits , to be view'd only by the eye of Reason ; and as this is nearly join'd , and as it were , united with the constitution of the Body , so much the more easily or more difficultly is its frame disordered , by how much the constitutive Principles that are allotted us by nature , are more or less firm : Wherefore this Disease seizes many more Women than Men , because kind Nature has given them a more delicate and fine habit of Body ▪ having design'd them only for an easie life , and to perform the tender Offices of Love : But she gave Men robust Bodies that they might be able to delve and manure the Earth , to kill Wild Beasts for Food , and the like . But that the said confusion of the Spirits is the cause of this Disease , the Phaenomena now describ'd , will sufficiently prove ; the chief of which I will only mention . And I begin with Mother-Fits , here the Spirits are crouded in the lower Belly , and rushing together violently towards the Jaws , occasion Convulsions in every Region through which they pass , blowing up the Belly like a great Ball ; which yet is nothing but the rowling together , or conglobation of the parts seiz'd with the Convulsion , which can't be suppress'd without great violence . The external parts in the mean while , and the Flesh being in a manner destitute of Spirits , by reason they are carried another way , are often so very cold , not only in this kind , but in all other kinds of hysteric Diseases ( as was noted above ) that dead Bodies are not colder . But the Pulse are as good as those of People that are well ; nor is the Womans life in danger by this Cold , unless 't is occasion'd by some very large evacuation going before . The same may be said of that violent hysteric Disease , which to outward appearance is like the bilious Colick or the iliack Passion , in which the Woman is seized with a violent pain in the Region , about the Scrobiculum cordis , together with violent Vomiting , by which a matter is cast up , in colour like Herbs , which Symptom I suppose , proceeds only from a vehement impulse of the Spirits crouded together in the said parts , which occasions the Convulsion and pain , and the total subversion of all the Faculties . Nor is it to be presently concluded that this Disease resides in the Humours , because those things that are evacuated upward or downward , are sometimes of a green colour , or that the violent pain is occasion'd by the acrimony of some Humour tearing the part it adheres to , which for that cause , we account the occasion of the Disease , and therefore suppose it ought to be eradicated by Vomits and Purges ; for 't is manifest that the Sickness which seizes People that go to Sea , ( arising from the agitation of the animal Spirits in the boisterous Sea ) occasions the vomiting up of matter as green as an Herb , from the Stomacks of those that are in perfect health ▪ when they first go to Sea , and are a good way from Land ; in whom , half an hour before , there was none of that Choler which is call'd porraceous . And don't Infants in convulsive Fits in which the animal Spirits are chiefly concern'd , evacuate upward or downward , matter of the same colour , to which must be added that which almost daily experience teaches , viz. that tho' such Women and Children shou'd be quite exhausted by repeated Purges , yet the said colour wou'd still appear in that which they evacuate by Vomit or Stool ; yea , the green matter increases by the frequent use of cathartick and emetick Medicines , because by both , the confusion of the Spirits is heightned , which I know not how either destroys or Perverts the ferment of those parts , or throws into the Stomach or Guts , by the force of the Convulsions , some juice of a strange nature , which is dispos'd to give the Humours such a Tincture . And tho' Chymists are not so happy as to prepare better Medicines in their fruitful Glass , than are made in a Mortar or a Pipkin , yet they know how to please the vain Humour of the Curious , by shewing two Liquors equally limpid and clear , which being mixt together , presently change into some deep colour , as if there was conjuring in the case . And truly the speculation of colours is so uncertain and vain , that we can learn nothing certainly from them , concerning the nature of the Bodies they appear in ; nor does it more necessarily follow , that those things which are of a green colour shou'd be acrid , than that all acrid things shou'd be green . The thing therefore being throughly consider'd , it will plainly appear , that the violent pain which almost destroys those that are afflicted with the hysterick Colick , and the evacuation of green matter , are wholly occasion'd by the Spirits rushing impetuously upon the parts about the Scrobiculum cordis , and contracting the same by Convulsions . That Symptom which I term'd above clavus hystericus , is to be attributed to this enormity of the Spirits , in which the Spirits in all the compass of the Body , are as it were concentrated in a cercain point of the Pericranium , occasioning a pain , boring as it were through ; just as if a Nail was driven in to the Head , together with violent vomiting and casting up of green matter , which Contraction indeed , of all the Spirits of the Body as i were to a Point , is somewhat like that Collection of the Raies of the Sun , which is made by a burning Glass : And as the force of these united , burns , so they for the same reason occasion pain , by tearing the membranes with their forces joind . And then from that inordinate agitation of the Spirits disturbing the Blood , arises that Symptom , which as we have mention'd above , is frequent in hysterical and hypochondriacal People , viz. clear , limpid and copious Urine : For when the oeconomy of the Blood is interrupted , the Sick can't long enough contain the Serum that is imported , but lets it go before it 's impregnated with saline particles , by which the citron colour is to be imparted to it ; whereof we have a daily experiment in those that drink much , especially of thin and attenuating Liquors , for then their Urine is very clear , in which case the blood being overpower'd by that quantity of Serum , and being wholly unable to retain it , puts it off quite clear , not yet dy'd by the juices of the Body , by reason of its too short stay . Three years ago a Nobleman sent for me , he seem'd to labour under an hypochondriack Colick , that was almost come to an iliack Passion , with pain and violent vomiting , with which he was much and a long while afflicted and almost worn out : I observ'd through the whole course of the Disease , that when he was worst his Urine was always clear , but when he was a little better it was somewhat of a citron colour . Visiting him one day , I view'd his Urine made at three times , kept apart in three Chamber-pots , of a citron colour ; he was then merry and chearful , and thinking of eating some meat of easie Digestion , and he said he had a craving Appetite ; but one coming in at that very moment , who vext him so much , that suddenly growing ill , he call'd for a Chamber-pot , which he almost fill'd with Urine as clear as Chrystal . And perhaps that spitting which is common in hysterical Women , proceeds from the Spirits so disturbing the blood ; they spit thin for many Weeks , just as if they were salivated by unction ; for during this disturb'd condition of the blood , in which 't is unable to perform evacuations according to Natures method , the Serum by chance taking this contrary course , is not evacuated according to the rules of Nature by the Reins , but is put off by the extremities of the Arteries upon the Glands , and so comes forth by the salivary passages in the form of Spittle . The same may be said of those violent nocturnal Sweats which afflict hysterical Women , which proceed from no other cause than the ill disposition of the Serum of the blood , by which 't is inclin'd to be put off upon the habit of the Body . As to the cold by which the external parts are so often chill'd in hysterical Diseases , 't is very manifest that that happens because the Spirits forsaking their Stations , too officiously intrude themselves into this or that part ; nor is it to be doubted that weeping and laughing Fits , which often seize hysterical Women withou any occasion , are procured by the animal Spirits forcing themselves violently upon the Organs , that perform these animal Functions . And by the by , Men are also subject ( tho' rarely ) to Fits of weeping . I was sent for sometime ago to an ingenious Gentleman , who but a few days before , recover'd of a Fever ; he made use of another Physician , who blooded him and purg'd him thrice , and forbid him to eat Flesh : When I came and saw him with his cloaths on , and heard him discourse judiciously , I ask'd to what purpose I was sent for ? One of his friends answer'd , if I wou'd have a little patience I should see ; sitting down therefore , and discoursing with him , I presently observ'd that his lower Lip was thrust out , and mov'd frequently ( as froward Children us'd to do to prepare for crying ) and then wept so violently , that I scarce ever saw the like ; with such deep sighs as were almost convulsive : Which suddain Torrent in a little time quite asswag'd . I supposed that this disorder proceeded from a confusion of the Spirits , which was occasion'd partly by the long continuance of the Disease , and partly by evacuations which the method of cure necessarily requir'd ; and partly also from emptiness and abstinence from Flesh ; which the Physician order'd for some days after he was well , to secure him from a Relaps . But I affirm'd he was clear from all danger of a Fever , and that the foresaid Symptom was wholly occasion'd by emptiness , and therefore I advis'd , that a roasted Chick shou'd be provided for his Dinner , and that he shou'd drink Wine moderately ▪ which being done , and he returning again to the eating of Flesh moderately , was never afterwards troubl'd with this convulsive weeping . And now at length to come to a conclusion , ( for I omit other Phaenomena which belong to this Disease ) that disturbance and varying Intemperies both of Body and Mind , which prevails over hysterical and hypochondriacal People , is occasion'd by this inordination of the Spirits ; for in both , that firmness of Spirits being wanting , which is always found in the robust , and in those who are continually invigorated by the assistance of brisk Spirits , they can't bear the impressions of cross accidents , but are soon mov'd by anger or pain , and are as apt to be angry , as those to whom either Nature has given a soft and weak Government of Mind , or when it has been render'd so by a long series or continuance of Diseases . For the strength and constancy of mind as long as 't is confin'd in the Body , much depends on the firmness of the Spirits that are subservient to it ; which indeed , are made of the finest matter , and are plac'd in the confines of immaterial entities ; and as the frame of the mind , if it 's lawful to call it so , is much more curious and delicate , than the structure of the Body , for it consists in the harmony of the most excellent and almost divine Faculties ; so if its constitution is any way spoil'd , by so much the greater is the ruin , by how much 't was more excellent and more exquisitely compos'd when 't was whole . And this indeed is the condition of these miserable and dejected People we have describ'd , for which Disease , some obstinate Decree of the most insolent Stoick wou'd give no greater ease , than he that wou'd prevent the Tooth-ach , by firmly resolving that he wou'd not by any means suffer his Teeth to ake . And now I suppose that 't is manifest that this whole Disease is occasion'd by the animal Spirits being not rightly dispos'd , and not by Seed and menstruous Blood corrupted , ( as some Authors assert ) and sending up malignant Vapours to the parts affected ; nor from I know not what depravation of the Juices or Congestion of acrid Humours as others think , but from those causes we have assign'd . For that the Fomes of the Disease don't lurk in matter , will plainly appear by this one Instance , viz. a Woman that us'd to enjoy perfect Health being delicate , and of a thin habit of Body , if she chance to be weaken'd and exhausted by some Error , or by a strong Vomit or Purge , will certainly be afflicted with some one of those Symptoms that accompany this Disease ; which wou'd rather be remov'd than occasion'd by such vomiting or purging , if the Fomes of the Diseases was contain'd in a Humour . The same may be said of a great loss of Blood , whether it 's taken away by opening a Vein , or flows immoderately in Labour , or of Emptiness , or too long Abstinence from Flesh ; all which would rather prevent Hysteric Diseases than occasion them , if the Fomes of them was involv'd in some matter : Whereas on the contrary , nothing does so constantly occasion this Disease as these Evacuations . But tho' 't is apparent enough that the original Fomes of this Disease , is not lodg'd in the Humours , yet it must be confess'd that the confusion of the Spirits produces putrid Humours in the Body , by reason the Function as well of these parts which are distended by the violent impulse of the Spirits , as of those which are depriv'd of them , are wholly perverted . And most of these being as it were separatory Organs designed for the reception of the impurities of the Blood , if their Functions are any way hurt , it can't be but a great many feculencies will be heap'd up , which had been eliminated , and so the Mass of Blood purified , if the Organs had perform'd their Office ; which they had certainly done , if a due oeconomy of the Spirits had invigorated them all . To this cause I attribute great Cachexies , loss of Appetite , a Clorosis , and the White Fever in young Women , ( which I don 't at all doubt , is a Species of hysteric Diseases ) and the source of all the miseries that overwhelm poor Women , that have Languish'd a long while under this Disease ; all which proceed from putrifying Juices heapt up in the Blood , and flowing from thence upon the various Organs . Of this kind is a Dropsie of the Womb in Women , which have been long afflicted with this Disease , occasion'd by deprav'd Juices cast from the Blood upon the Organs , by which , their Faculties being perverted , they first become Barren , the oeconomy of the parts being wholly destroy'd , and then Serum and Sanies are generated , which don 't only stuff the Eggs of the Testes , but also insinuating themselves into the Interstices of the Coats , cause them to grow very big , which is perceiv'd by the dissection of those that dye of this Disease : And the hysterical disposition , is the prime cause of these and other Humours , though they are not of the same kind with it . As in a quartan Ague , with which any one that 's perfectly well may be seized , if he continues two or three days in Moorish and Fenny Places ; first some Spirituous Venom of the Disease being imprinted upon the Blood , which continuing a long while , and at length the oeconomy of nature being hurt , it infects all the Juices of the Body , and quite changes their Dispositions ; so that the Sick ( especially if he begins to grow old , ) is render'd obnoxious to Cachexies and other Distempers which come upon long Agues ; yet these Agues are not to be cured by those Remedies that are proper to Purge off such Humours , but by such things as cure Agues by a Specifick quality . From all that has been treated of , it 's very manifest to me , that that 's the chief indication in this Disease , which directs the corroboration of the Blood that is the Fountain and Origine of the Spirits ; which being done , the invigorated Spirits can preserve that tenor that 's agreeable to the oeconomy of the whole Body , and the particular parts . And therefore when the Ataxy of the Spirits ( which we have allow'd above may be ) has vitiated the Humours by long continuance , 't will be proper first to lessen those Humours so corrupted , by Bleeding and Purging , if the Patient has sufficient strength , before we endeavour to corroborate the Blood , and which indeed we can scarce do , whilst a feculent heap of Humours lies in the way . But forasmuch as Pains , Vomiting and Looseness are sometimes so very severe that they will not bear a truce so long until we have satisfied the first intention of fortifying the Blood , therefore sometimes we must begin the cure , by quieting the effects , ( the cause being let alone a little while , ) with some Anodine Medicine , and then we must endeavour to rectifie the Spirits , whose infirm Constitution is the cause of this Disease , by which we may again endeavour to cure such kind of Symptoms ; and because experience teaches , that there are many stinking things that will repel the inordination of the Spirits , and contain them in their Places , ( which are therefore call'd Hystericks , ) we must make use of them when we would answer such intentions . According to what has been said , I order the Patient to be Blooded in the Arm , and that after she be Purg'd Three or Four Mornings following , the Patient thinks her self worse of those Days she is Blooded and Purg'd , for these Evacuations promote the Ataxy , which I take care to forewarn her of , that she may not despond , the Disease of it self being apt to incline her to do so ; but however those vicious Humours we suppose are heap'd up by the long continuance of the Disease , are in some sort to be evacuated before we can conveniently answer the prime intention . After these Evacuations , I prescribe some Chalybeat Remedy to be taken Thirty Days to comfort the Blood , and so by consequence the Spirits that proceed from it ; and nothing will more certainly answer your intention in this case , for it raises a volatile Ferment in the vapid and languid Blood , by which the weak Spirits are rous'd that before were press'd down by their own weight : And this is very manifest , for as often as Steel is given in a Chlorosis , the Pulse are presently greater and quicker , and the outward parts grow warm , and the pale and dead Countenance is chang'd , and becomes fresh and lively . But here we must take notice , that Bleeding and Purging must not always be us'd before Chalybeats ; for when the Patient is weak , and almost worn out by the long continuance of the Disease , they may and ought to be omitted ; and you must begin with Steel , which must be well minded . But in my opinion 't is most conveniently given in substance , and as I have never observ'd nor heard , that so taken , it ever injur'd any Body , so I have been fully satisfied by frequent experience , that the bare substance performs the Cure sooner and better than any of the common Preparations of it , for busie Chymists make this as well as other excellent Medicines , worse rather than better by their perverse and over officious Diligence . I have also heard , ( and if it be true , it much strengthens our Assertion , ) that the crude Mine as 't is digged out of the Earth , is more effectual in curing Diseases , than Iron that has pass'd the Fire , and been purified by Fusion , so the Author affirms , but I have not yet try'd whether it is so or not . This I certainly known , that no excellent and powerful Remedy has been any where made , which has not received its chief Virtues from Nature ; upon which account grateful Antiquity call'd excellent Medicines , God's Handicraft , not Mans. And that some excellent thing does produce wonderful effects by its native goodness and efficacy , may be prov'd by Opium , or the Peruvian Bark . Nor is a Physicians skill so much perceiv'd by preparing Medicines , as by choosing such as are fit , which Nature has prepar'd with her own Fire , and freely bestow'd upon us ; so that all that we have to do , is to reduce Medicines into that form , whereby either their substance , or their vertue and efficacy may be better imparted to our Bodies , for the performance whereof we are sufficiently instructed . Next to the substance of the Steel , I choose the Syrup of it , prepar'd with the Filings of Steel or Iron infus'd in the cold , in Rhenish Wine , 'till the Wine is sufficiently impregnated , and afterwards strain'd , and boyl'd up to the consistence of a Syrup , with a sufficient quantity of Sugar . Nor do I use any Cathartick Medicine at set times during the whole Chalybeat course ; for I am of the opinion , that the vertue of Steel is destroy'd by a Purge , both in Hysterical and Hypocondriacal Diseases ; and when my chief dedesign is to reduce the Spirits to order , and to renew and confirm their System , if I should use the gentlest Purge but once , I should undo all that I had done in a Week before , and by pulling down what I have built , and by building what I have pull'd down , I should trifle with my self and Patient too ; and I believe Mineral Waters which participate of an Iron Mine , are render'd less effectual by this means ; though I know that some have been cur'd when Purges have not been given only now and then ; but daily with the Steel ; which does not so much prove to me the Prudence of the Physician , as the extraordinary virtue of the Steel ; for if they had been omitted , the cure would have been performed in a less time . Nor indeed do I see what advantage , or rather not what disadvantage Purges often repeated may produce in many other Diseases besides that just mention'd ▪ for though it can't be denied that they clear the Intestines of Impurities , and likewise that they somewhat discharge ill Humours that are lodg'd in the Mass of Blood , yet on the contrary , 't is no less certain , that when they are frequently repeated in weak Bodies , especially in the tender age , they do much hurt , because upon this account a great many Humours are drawn to the Intestines , and being put off upon these parts , occasion praeternatural Ferments , whereby tumours arise in the Belly , increasing daily so much the more , by how much the oftener the Sick is Purg'd ; and at length it happens that those parts by reason of weakness ( being as it were overwhelm'd with a burden of Humours , ) and by a defect of natural Heat soon become tabid and putrifie . And sometimes also the oeconomy of the Bowels being quite destroy'd by reason of the Causes mentioned , preternatural Kernels , a-kin to the Kings-Evil , and the like , grow to the Mesentery , and make way for Death . For these Reasons I judge 't is safest in Children after general Evacuations , and those but very few , to direct the Curative Indication , so as to comfort the Blood and Bowels , which may be done with Spanish Wine alone , or with Corroborating Herbs in it , if Morning and Evening some Spoonfuls of it , ( according to the Age of the Sick ) be given long enough . And because things outwardly apply'd can easily penetrate the tender Bodies of Infants , and so can throughly affect the Blood with their Virtue whatever it is , 't will be convenient in Swellings of their Bellies , whether occasion'd by the King's-Evil , or by the true Rickets , to use Liniments that are proper to corroborate the Blood and Bowels , and likewise to cure any Morbifick indisposition of them . Take of the Leaves of Common-Wormwood , of the Lesser Centaury , of white Whorehound , of Germander , of Ground-pine , of Meadow Saxifrage St. John's-wort , Golden Rod , Wild Thime , Mint , Sage , Rue , Carduus Benedict . Penny-royal , Sothernwood , Chamomel , Tansie , Lilly of the Vallies , ( of all fresh gather'd and cut ) each Mi , of Lard lb iiij , of Sheep-Suet , and Claret-Wine , each lb ij ; let them be steep'd in an Earthen Pot upon Hot Embers twelve Hours , and then let them boil till all the Moisture is consumed ; afterwards strain them , and so make an Ointment , with which let the Belly be anointed Morning and Evening for Thirty or Forty Days following , and also both the Arm-pits . But as to the Rickets , this must be noted , that in those tumours that afflicted the Bellies of Infants heretofore after long Agues , not much unlike the true Rickets , Purges repeated seem'd to be indicated ; for before the use of the Peruvian Bark , Agues continued a long while , and put off a Sediment , which was the cause of tumours of this kind , which could be carried off only by Purges repeated . But in the true Rickets , Catharticks are not to be us'd above once or twice at the most , before the Patient enters upon the use of Alteratives ; and all the time the parts are anointed , let him take inwardly of the Wine above mention'd ; or if it may be , let him use for his ordinary Drink Beer , with the foresaid Herbs , or at least many of them put up with it in the Vessel . Lastly , this I have hinted ought to be carefully minded , for I am fully satisfied , that many Infants and Children have been destroy'd by Purges often repeated , which perhaps were given to asswage the Belly : But this by the by . If any one object that the Filings of Steel may hurt those that take them by sticking in their Bowels , unless they are Purg'd now and then , I answer first , that I never found any such thing in any one , and then 't is much more probable that being involv'd in the Slime , and with the Excrementitious Humours of the parts , they should all at length pass away with them , than when they are exagitated by Purging Medicines , which occasion unusual compressions , twisting and contraction of the Guts , whereby the Particles of Steel thrust upon the Coats of the Bowels may penetrate deeper into them . When the Patient is in a Steel course , Remedies commonly call'd Hystericks are to be us'd as 't were by the by , ( to comfort the Blood and Animal Spirits , ) in that manner and form which is most agreeable to the Patient ; but if she can take them in a solid form , they will more powerfully retain the Spirits in their office and place , than things that are Liquid , that is , either Decoctions or Infusions , for the very substance affects the Stomach longer with its savour , and works more forceably upon the Body . Upon the whole , being about to answer all the Indications which I have touch'd upon above , I us'd to prescribe these few and common things , which though they are not at all pompous , yet they most commonly do what I desire . Let. ℥ viij of Blood be taken from the Right Arm. Take of Galbanum dissolv'd in tincture of Castor , and strain'd ʒiij , Tacamahac ʒ ij , make an Emplaister to be apply'd to the Navel . The next Morning let her enter upon the use of the following Pills . Take of Pill Cocb . Maj. ℈ ij , of Castor powder'd , gr . ij , of Peruvian Balsam gutt . iv , make Four Pills , let her take them at Five in the Morning , and Sleep after them ; repeat them twice or thrice every Morning , or every other Morning , according to their operation , and the strength of the Patient . Take of Black-Cherry-Water , of Rue Water , and compound Briony Water , each ℥ iij , of Castor tied up in a Rag , and hang'd in the Glass ʒss , of fine Sugar , a sufficient quantity , make a Julap , of which let her take Four or Five Spoonfuls when she is faint , dropping into the first Dose if the Fit is violent gutt . xx of Spirit of Harts-horn . After the Purging Pills just describ'd are taken , let her use the following . Take of the Filings of Steel , gr . viij , with a sufficient quantity of extract of Wormwood , make Two Pills , let her take them early in the Morning , and at Five in the Afternoon for Thirty Days , drinking upon them a draught of Wormwood Wine . Or for daily use , Take of the Filings of Steel , and of extract of Wormwood , each ℥ iiij , mingle them , and keep them for use , let her take gr . xv , or ℈ i , made into Three Pills . Or if she likes a Bolus better , Take of Conserve of Roman Wormwood , and of the Conserve of the Yellow Rind of Oranges each ℥ i , of Candied Angelica , and Nutmegs Candied , and Venice Treacle , each ℥ ss , of Candied Ginger ʒij , make an Electuary with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges . Take of this Electuary ʒiss , of the Filings of Steel well rubb'd , gr . viij , make a Bolus , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges , to be taken in the Morning , and at Five in the Evening , Drinking upon it a Draught of Wormwood Wine . Take of choice Mirrh , and Galbanum each ʒiss , of Castor , gr ▪ xv , with a sufficient quantity of Balsam of Peru ; make Twelve Pills of every Dram , let her take Three every Night , and Drink upon them Three or Four Spoonfuls of Compound Briony Water , through the whole course of this process . But if the Pills last prescrib'd move the Belly , which sometimes happens in Bodies that are very easily Purg'd , by reason of the Gum that 's in them , the following are to be substituted . Ta kt of Castor ʒi , of Volatile Salt of Amber ʒss with a sufficient quantity of extract of Rue , make xxiv small Pills , let her take Three every Night . But here we must take notice , that Chaly beats in whatsoever form or Dose they are taken , occasion sometimes in Women great Disorders both of Body and Mind , and that not only on the first Days ( which is usual almost in every Body , ) but also all the time they are taken . In this case the use of Steel must not be interrupted at those times , but Laudanum must be given every Night for some time in some Hysterick Water , that they may better bear it . But when the Symptoms are mild , and it seems that the business may be done without taking Steel , ( namely when the Disease is small , ) I think it sufficient to Bleed , and to Purge Three or Four times , and then to give the altering Hysterick Pills above mention'd Morning and Evening for Ten Days , which Method seldom fails when the Disease is not violent ; yea , the Pills alone , Bleeding and Purging being omitted , oftentimes do a great deal of good . Yet we must take great notice , that some Women by a certain ideosyncrasy do so abhor Hysterical Medicines , ( which give ease in most of the Symptoms of this Disease , ) that they don't only not receive Benefit , but are much injured thereby ; therefore they must not be given to such , for Hipocrates says , 't is in vain to do any thing contrary to Natures inclination . Which ideosyncrasy indeed is so great and so frequent , that if we have not regard to it , the Lives of the Sick may be hazarded , and not only by Hysterical Medicines , but by many other , whereof I will at present mention but one thing , viz. That some Women that have the Small-pox can't bear the use of Diacodium , for thereby Giddiness , Vomiting , and such Symptoms belonging to Hysterical Diseases are occasioned , and yet Liquid Laudanum agrees with them very well . Which I observ'd whilst I was writing this , in a Young Woman a Person of Quality , to whom I had given the said Syrup on the Sixth and Seventh Night ; the Symptoms above mention'd invaded both Nights ; nor did the Inflamation of the Pustules duly proceed , but when afterwards she us'd Laudanum , she was quite freed from the said Symptoms ▪ the Swelling of the Face and Pustules daily increasing , the anxiety and restlessness of Body and Mind ( which us'd to be as it were a Fit of the Small-pox , ) was wholly removed as often as this Paregorick was given , the Patient being strengthen'd and reviv'd by it : But this by the by . And so Hysterical Diseases are most commonly cur'd , and most Obstructions of Women , but especially a Clorosis , or Virgins pale Colour , and also all Suppressions of the Courses . But if the Blood is so very feeble , and the confusion of the Spirits so great , that Steel order'd to be us'd according to the Method prescrib'd is not sufficient to cure the Disease , the Patient must Drink some Mineral Waters , impregnated with the Iron Mine , such as are Tunbridge , and some others lately found out , for the Chalybeat virtue of these is better mingled with the Blood , by reason of the great quantity that 's taken of them , and also because they are more agreeable to Nature , and they cure Diseases more effectually than Iron , how much soever exalted by art , as imprudent Chymists talk . But this is more especially to be observ'd in Drinking of them , that if any Sickness happens that is to be referr'd to Hysterical Symptoms , in this case the Patient must forbear drinking them a day or two , 'till that Symptom that hinder'd their passage is quite gone . For though these Waters are less apt to stir the Humours , and so to cause a Confusion of the Spirits , than the gentlest Catharticks of the Shops , yet they do somewhat exagitate them as they are diuretick , though they often also purge by Stool too . But if the Waters themselves hinder their own Passage by disturbing the Humours and Spirits , let those consider how impertinently they act , who order Purging Medicines to be given once or twice a Week , whilst the Patient is Drinking these Waters ; or which is yet more foolish , to be mix'd with the Waters , by which means these and other Mineral Waters pass more difficulty . And here I must acquaint you , that though some think the Iron is in these Waters in principiis solutis , ( which is plainly the same as if we should suppose Liquid Iron , ) yet I don 't at all doubt but that they are Simple Waters , impregnated with the Mine through which they pass , which will be manifest to any one , if he pour some Gallons of Water upon a sufficient quantity of Rusty Nails , for then he will perceive that this Water , when the Powder of Gauls , or the Leaves of Tea , or the like are put into it , will plainly appear of the same colour with the Waters of a Mineral Fountain , when such things are put into them . Nor truly have these artificial or inartificial Waters ( which you please to call them , ) when they are taken , different effects , if they are us'd in Summer-time , and in a good Air. But however it is , if the Disease by reason of its obstinacy does not yield to Steel Waters , the Patient must go to some hot Sulphureous Waters , such as is our Bath , and when he has us'd them inwardly Three Mornings following , the next Day let him go into the Bath , and the Day following let him Drink them again , and so let him do by turns for Two whole Months . For in these and in others of what kind soever they are , this must be carefully noted , that the Patient must persist in the use of them , not only till he receives some benefit , but till he is quite well , that the Symptoms may not return again in a short time . Venice Treacle alone , if it is used often , and a long while , is a great Remedy in this Disease , and not only in this , but in very many other Diseases that proceed from want of Heat and Concoction or Digestion ; 't is perhaps the most powerful that has been hitherto known , how contemptible soever it may seem to most People , because 't is common , and has been known a long while . Spanish Wine Medicated with Gentian , Angelica , Wormwood , Centaury , the Yellow Rind of Oranges , and other Corroboratives infus'd in it , does a great deal of good , some Spoonfuls of it being taken Thrice a Day , if the Woman be not of a thin and Cholerick habit of Body . And truly a large Draught of Spanish Wine by it self taken at Bed-time for some Nights , by my advice has been very beneficial to some Hysterical Women , for by it the habit of the whole Body was render'd stronger , and they who before were Cachectical , became fresh colour'd and brisk . Moreover sometimes we find that the Peruvian Bark wonderfully comforts and invigorates the Blood and Spirits , whereof a Scruple taken Morning and Evening for some Weeks , has as I have observ'd restored ( both to Hypocondriacal Men , and Hysterical Women that have been very Sick a long while , and when the oeconomy of their Bodies has been much weaken'd , ) a firm and Healthy Constitution . But it succeeds best in that kind of Hysterick Diseases , in which Women are affected with Convulsions , wherein they struggle violently and beyond the strength of Women , and at the same time beat their Breasts . Yet it must be confess'd that this Medicine does not so certainly , and so often cure this Disease as Agues . But though ( to mention this by the by , ) the Peruvian Bark does wonders in the cure of Agues , and though we use it freely our selves , and give it to our Wives and Children , as often as there 's occasion , yet there are some now as much displeas'd with it , because it cures so certainly and suddenly as they were heretofore , because it was but lately known among us ; to which fate the best Men , and most excellent Remedies have been almost always expos'd . But by this we may try as by a Touch-stone our Dispositions , and from thence judge whether we are good or ill Men , namely , according to the degree of our joy or grief , as often as the welfare of Mankind is promoted by some common benefit , or the Blessing of God. But if any of the Remedies above mention'd don 't well agree , which often happens in Cholerick and thin Constitutions , then a Milk Diet may be us'd ; for some Women ( which one would wonder at at first ) that have conflicted a long while with Hysterick Diseases , and even such as have frustrated all the endeavours of Physicians , yet have recover'd by Dieting themselves for some time only with Milk , and especially those that labour with that Disease I call an Hysterick Colick , which can't be appeas'd by any thing but Narcoticks , to which repeated by intervals , these Women are much accustom'd , the Pain returning as soon as the Vertue of the Anodine fades ; but this is chiefly to be admir'd in this Method of cure , that Milk which yields only a cold and crude nourishment , should notwithstanding by use strengthen and invigorate the Spirits ; and yet this will not seem disagreeable to reason , if you consider that Milk affording only a simple nourishment , does not busie nature much in concocting it , otherwise than Meats and Liquors more compounded use to do , and that an equal temper of the Blood and Spirits necessarily follows that perfect Concoction . For this must be also consider'd , that a bare debility of the Spirits consider'd by it self , is not the cause of those Confusions they are under , but the weakness of them compair'd with the state of the Blood. For it may be an Infant has Spirits strong and firm enough with respect to it's Blood , but yet not proportionable to the Blood of a grown Person . Now when by the continual use of a Milk Diet , ( tho' 't is crude and weak ) the Blood is render'd more soft and tender , if the Spirits that are made by it , are only equal to it , all 's well . Yet all can't undergo those Inconveniencies which most commonly accompany it the first days , namely , because it curdles in the Stomach , and is insufficient to maintain the usual strength of the Body ; but if they cou'd , they might receive benefit by it . But nothing of all I have hitherto known , does so much comfort and strengthen the Blood and Spirits , as riding much a Horse Back every day for a long while ; for seeing by this kind of Exercise the lower Belly is most forceably mov'd , in which the Vessels for excretion ( as many as are appointed by Nature to drain the Impurities of the Blood ) are plac'd : What disorder of the Functions or other natural Impotence of the Organs , can be imagin'd so great as not to be helpt by the frequent jolting of the Horse , and that too in the open Air ? Whose innate heat is so extinguish'd that it can't be stir'd up by this motion and ferment afresh ? Or what preter-natural Substance or deprav'd Juice can there be in any Creek of these parts , which can't by this Exercise of the Body , be either reduced to such a condition as is agreeable to Nature , or scatter'd every way and ejected ? Moreover , the Blood being perpetually exagitated by this motion , and throughly mix'd , is as it were renew'd , and grows vigorous again . And indeed , this method , tho 't is inconvenient for Women that are accustom'd to a slothful and delicate way of living , for they may be injured by motion , especially at the beginning ; yet is it very proper for Men , and soonest recovers their Health . One of our Reverend Bishops , famous for Prudence and Learning , having studyed too hard a long while , fell at length into an hypochondriacal Disease , which afflicting him a long time , vitiated all the ferments of the Body , and wholly subverted the Concoctions . He had pass'd through long courses of Steel more than once , and had try'd almost all mineral Waters , with purging often repeated , and Antiscorbuticks of all kinds , and very many testaceous Powders , which are reckon'd proper to sweeten the Blood : And so being in a manner worn out , partly by the Disease , and partly by Physick us'd continually for so many years , he was at length seiz'd with a colliquative Loosness , which is wont to be the forerunner of Death , in Consumptions and other Cronical Diseases ▪ when the Digestions are wholly destroy'd . At length he consulted me . I presently consider'd that there was no more room for Medicine , he having taken so many already , without any relief ; for which reason I perswaded him to ride a Horse-Back , and that first he shou'd take such a small Journy as was agreeable to his weak condition : Had he not been a very judicious man , and one that weighed things well , he wou'd not have been perswaded so much as to try such a kind of Exercise . I intreated him to persist in it daily , till in his own opinion he was well , going daily further and further , till at length he went so many Miles , as prudent and moderate Travellers , that go a large Journy upon business , use to do , without any regard to Meat or Drink , or the Weather ; but that he shou'd take every thing like a Traveller as it happens . To be short , he continued this method , increasing his Journies by degrees , till at length he rode Twenty or Thirty Miles daily ; and when he found himself much better in a few days , being incourag'd by such wonderful Success , he continued this course a pretty many Months , in which time , as he told me , he rode many Thousand Miles , till at length , he did not only recover , but also gain'd a strong and brisk habit of Body . Nor is this kind of Exercise more beneficial to hypochondriacal People , than 't is to those that are in a Consumption ; whereof some of my Relations have been cur'd by riding long Journies by my advice ; for I knew I cou'd not cure them better by Medicines of what value soever , or by any other method . Nor is this Remedy proper only in small Indispositions , accompanied with a frequent Cough and Leanness , but in Consumptions that are almost deplorable ; when the Diarrhaea above mention'd , accompanies the Night Sweats , which is wont to be the forerunner of Death , in those that dye of a Consumption . In a word , how deadly soever a Consumption is , and is said to be , two Thirds dying of it , which are spoil'd by Chronical Diseases : Yet I sincerely affirm , That Mercury in the French Pox , and the Peruvian Bark in Agues , are not more effectual than the Exercise above mention'd , in curing a Consumption , if the Sick takes care that his Sheets are well air'd , and that his Journies are long enough . But this must be noted , that those that have pass'd the Flower of their Age , must use this Exercise much longer than those that have not yet arriv'd to it . And this I have learn'd by much Experience , which scarce ever fails me . And tho' riding on Horse-Back is chiefly beneficial to consumptive People , yet riding Journies in a Coach , does sometimes a great deal of good . But to return to the business in hand , this is the general way of cure in this Disease , which is apply'd to the original cause , viz. the weak crasis of the Blood , and so is to be us'd only when the Fit is off ; therefore as often as the Fit invades , join'd with any one of the foresaid Symptoms , if the Disease be such , or so great a one , that 't will not bear a truce , 'till it may be cured by Medicines that corroborate the Blood and Spirits , we must presently make use of hysterick Remedies , which by their strong and offensive Smell , recall the exorbitant and deserting Spirits to their proper Stations , whether they are taken inwardly , or smelt to , or outwardly apply'd ; such are Assafaetida , Galbanum , Castor , Spirit of Sal Armonicack : And lastly , whatever has a very ungrateful and offensive Smell . And in truth , whatever stinks is proper for this intention , whether 't is naturally ill sented , or made so by Art ; and unless I am deceiv'd , Spirits of Harts-horn ▪ of human Blood , of Urine , and of Bones , and the like ; take their chief Vertues from the force of the Fire , in their preparation contracting an ill sented empyreuma , which is intimately join'd with their Essence , which is likewise in the Fumes arising from Feathers , and such kind of parts of Animals , when they are burnt . For this is common to the Substances of all Animals , viz. to emit a stinking Fume while they are burning ; and if 't is forc'd by Fire , and receiv'd in Glasses , when 't is condens'd , it becomes those Liquors call'd Volatile Spirits , which assume Faculties that were not primitively in their Subjects ; and are indeed , only Creatures of Fire , and their Vertues are really all the same , from whatsoever Substance ( so it is animal ) they are extracted . In the next place we must take notice , That if some intolerable pain accompanies the Paroxysm , in whatever part it is , or violent Vomiting , or a Diarrhaea ; then besides the hystericks above mention'd , Laudanum must be us'd , which only is able to restrain these Symptoms . But in quieting these pains which vomiting occasions , we must take great care that they are not mitigated either by Laudanum or any other Paregorick , before due Evacuations have been made , unless they almost exceed all human Patience . First , because sometimes there is so great a quantity of Blood and Humours heapt up , ( especially in sanguine Women and Men of a proper habit ) that 't is able to withstand the Operation of the most effectual Narcotic , tho' it be often repeated : And therefore in such , Blood must necessarily be evacuated from the Veins of the Arm , and a Purge must be given before we come to use Laudanum . For when these things are duly perform'd , that which before given in a large Dose wou'd do no good , will now perform the business in a moderate Dose . And then because I have found by frequent Experience , that when the Sick has been accustom'd by little and little to Laudanum , and has not been duly evacuated before , she was forc'd by reason of the return of the pain , presently after the Vertue of the Medicine vanish'd , to take a Paregorick again ; and so daily for some years , the Dose being sometimes by degrees increas'd , so that at last they can by no means abstain from Laudanum , tho' thereby all the Digestions are vitiated , and the natural Functions weakned . Tho' I don't think that the use of Laudanum does immediately hurt the Brain or Nerves , or the animal Faculties . Therefore I judge , and I speak what I have found , that Evacuation ought to go before Anodynes , viz. in Virago's , and in Women that abound with Blood , a Vein must be open'd , and the Body purg'd ; especially if they have been lately seized with the Fit. But if the weak Women and those of a quite contrary Constitution , labour with such a Fit and Pain , and have been not long ago afflicted with it , 't will be sufficient to cleanse their Stomachs with a Gallon of Posset-drink , more or less , taken in and ejected by Vomit ; and then to give a large Dose of Venice Treacle , or of the Orvietan Electuary , and a few Spoonfuls of some Spirituous Liquor , that is pleasing to the Taste ; with a few Drops of Liquid Laudanum ▪ to be taken presently after it . But if the Sick has vomited a great while before the Physician was call'd , and there is danger , lest by a further Provocation by Emeticks , the Spirits shou'd be put in a rage , and the Sick too much weaken'd ; In this case you must give Laudanum without delay , and such a Dose as is not only equal to the violence and duration of the Symptom , but such a one as is sufficient to vanquish it . But here two things are to be chiefly noted . First , that when you have once begun to use Laudanum after due and necessary Evacuations , it must be taken in that Dose , and often repeated , till the Symptom is quite conquer'd ; only such a space must be betwixt each Dose , that we may know what the former has done , before we give another . And then when we treat the Disease with Laudanum , we must do nothing else , and nothing must be evacuated ; for the gentlest Glyster of Milk and Sugar , is sufficient to spoyl whatever has been repair'd by the Paregoric , and to occasion the return of the vomiting and pain . But tho' the pains above mention'd , as we have said , are apt to overcome the Vertue of the Anodyne , yet violent Vomiting indicates the largest Dose of it , and that it shou'd be very often repeated ; for by the inverted peristaltick motion of the Stomach , ( by which that which is contain'd in it , ought to be carried downwards ) the Paregorick is ejected through the oesophagus , before it can do any good , unless after every time the Sick vomits , the Narcotick be given afresh , and chiefly in a solid form ; or if it be given in a Liquor , the Vehicle must be so small , as that it may but just wet the Stomach , so that by reason of the small quantity of the matter , it can't be cast up ; for instance , some drops in one Spoonful of strong Cinamon Water , or the like ; and the Sick must be admonish'd to keep her self quiet , presently after taking the Laudanum ; and that she keep her Head as much as is possible immoveable , for the smallest motion of the Head , provokes vomiting more than any thing else , and then the Medicine just taken , is ejected . Yet when the vomiting ceases , and is as 't were tam'd , 't is expedient to give an Anodyne Morning and Evening for a few days , to prevent a Relaps ; which also ought to be observ'd after a Diarrhaea , or an hysterick pain taken off by a Narcotick . And so at length by this method , we may readily cure the symptomatick pain and vomiting , whereby , because they are very often , like other Diseases , Physicians are easier impos'd upon , than by any other Symptoms whatever , that require their help ; concerning which , I will add a few things , for instance : In that kind of hysterick Disease now describ'd , which resembles a nephritick pain , is not the great Parity and Similitude of both Diseases , apparent to any one , both because the pain in both is in the same part , and also for that the Woman vomits in both Diseases ? And yet they proceed from causes differing from one another ; and the methods for the cure of them so unlike , that that which does good in this , is injurious in the other , and so on the contrary . For whether a Stone or Gravel , fretting upon the Substance of the Reins , occasions Pain , and by consent of Parts , vomiting , nothing is so beneficial , as very large and frequent revulsion of the antecedent cause by Phlebotomy , and Dilatation and Laxation of the Passages , by which the Stone is to be excluded , by emollient Clysters very often repeated , and inward Remedies of the same kind , to which are to be added Linthontriptick and Diuretic Medicines . Now if the said Symptoms do no way arise from the Stone , but from the animal Spirits rushing impetuously in a great quantity upon the Reins , ( in which case , Paregoricks are only indicated ; nor is the gentlest Clyster injected after the first Evacuations , without danger ) in what great danger the unhappy Woman is put into , whose Life is so triffl'd with , I need not say . The same may be affirm'd of that hysteric Disease , which resembles the Bilious Colick , or the Iliack Passion , when 't is taken for granted , that that Disease , ( tho' of a quite different , yea contrary nature ) is the Bilious Colick , and proceeds from a sharp Humour cast upon the Bowels , through the Mouths of the mesenterick Arteries ; ( into which Error the intollerable Pain and the green colour of the Matter expell'd by Vomit and Stool , easily seduces the unwary and unthinking Physician ) what method is so proper , as that whereby we endeavour to attemperate the Acrimony of the Humours , by the help of cooling and incrassating Medicines ? And what is fitter than Catharticks frequently given , besides Clysters daily injected to exterminate the Humous from the Guts , especially Mercurius dulcis mixt with diagrydiate Medicines , to eradicate perfectly the morbific Matter ? But 't is plain to every one , how ill the Patient wou'd be treated , and in what great Danger he wou'd be , whilst we shou'd insist upon this method , if the Disease which is supps'd to be a bilious Colick , shou'd really prove an hysterick or hypocondriacal Symptom , when Experience openly proclaims , that after the first general Evacuations ( which are appointed to remove the Rubbish of the putrifying Humours , which the Ataxy has occasion'd , whereby the Vertue of the Anodyne may be obstructed ) nothing remains to be done , besides the quieting the tumultuous Spirits , till the Symptom goes off , and afterwards 't will be seasonable to give Chalybeats , or any other Remedy , if there be any that by kindling and invigorating the Blood , may eradicate the Disease . 'T is not my business to reckon up those great Calamities which I have known befal Women , when this hysterick Colick has been suppos'd to proceed from Choler , notwithstanding I affirm , that Evacuations often repeated , which are indeed indicated in the Bilious Colick , have been so far from lessening the Pain and Vomiting , that they have irritated them more , by promoting the Disturbance of the Spirits , which is the true cause of these Symptoms . And at length the Disease being prolong'd for some Months , ends in Convulsions , there being a suddain Translation to the Brain , whereby the Sick is soon destroy'd ; and especially when after other Evacuations repeated a long time , by reason of the green colour of those things that are vomited up , a Vomit is given . In a word , if I have learnt any thing by Observation , I judge we must chiefly take care , that those Symptoms familiar to hysterick Women , be not suppos'd by a Mistake in the Diagnostick , to proceed from other Diseases , which they often resemble . And here I must acquaint you , that besides the Errors before mention'd , whereby Women obnoxious to hysterick Diseases , are put in danger of their Lives ; very many moreover , suffer by these Diseases , by an Error no less fatal , at a time wherein , tho' this Disease is not of its own nature deadly , yet by reason of the Disasters that come upon it ▪ and follow'd it , 't is Destructive to many : For instance , a Woman of a tender and infirm habit of Body , brings forth a Child , and all succeeds well , and according to Nature . The Midwife , whether Rude and Unskilful , or Vain-glorious , to shew how well she has perform'd her business , advises that her Woman shou'd rise a few days after she has been brought to Bed , and that she shou'd keep up a while ; the Woman does so , and is presently seiz'd upon the first motion of her Body , with an hysterick Indisposition , and according as the Disease increases , the Lochia are first lessen'd , then they quite stop , whose Suppression , a long Series of untimely Symptoms follow ; which soon destroys the Sick , unless great Diligence and Skilfulness interceed . And sometimes they are seiz'd with a Phrensie on this account , which growing daily worse and worse , occasions Convulsions first , and then Death . But if they escape Death , they are maddish , and sometimes continue so as long as they live . Sometimes after the Suppression of the Lochia , they fall into a Fever , which either turns to that which is then epidemical , or depends only on that beginning . Moreover , the same hysterick Symptoms which were first occasion'd by the Suppression of the Lochia , rage more now , as if afterwards they proceeded from it . I thought long ago , that of those Women that dye in Child-bed , scarce one in ten , to speak within bounds , dies , because she has not strength necessary for Delivery , or from the pains that accompany difficult Labour , but chiefly by reason they rise too soon , Hysterical Fits being occasioned by that motion , whereby when the Lochia are stopt , a numerous train of dreadful Symptoms follows ▪ Wherefore they that are advised by me , keep in Bed at least till the Tenth Day , if they are of a ▪ weakly Constitution , especially if they have been long since troubled with Vapours . For besides that , the Rest which they have in Bed , frees them from those Dangers we have so often mentioned ; the warmth of the Bed not interrupted , likewise refreshes the Spirits weakned and exhausted by the pains in Labour , and by the Evacuations usual in this case , and recruits Nature , and digests and removes all those Crudities which are heapt up during the time of Child-bearing . But if by reason of this error committed , any one of the said Symptoms supervenes , the curative Indications are to be directed so , that the Spirits disquieted by this motion should be appeas'd , and that the Lochia should flow again , for as much as the suppression of them is the next and immediate cause of these Symptoms . But we must not obstinately insist upon this method , but having given a while those Remedies that are wont to be used with success in this case , if they don't answer according to our desires , we must leave them off ; for as strong things must not be us'd , so neither ought we to persevere in the use of gentler , by reason Women in Child-bed so affected , are much weaken'd , and their strength almost worn out . For instance , when it first appears that the Lochia are stopt , 't is convenient to put the Woman presently to Bed , and then to apply an Hysterick Plaister to the Navel , and to order this Electuary following to be taken forthwith . Take of the Conserve of Roman Wormwood , and of Rue each ℥ i , of the Trochisc . of Mirrh ʒij , of Castor , English Saffron , of Volatile Salt of Sal Armoniac , and of Assa Faetida , each ʒss , make an Electuary with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the five opening Roots ; let her take the quantity of a large Nutmeg every third Hour , drinking upon it Four or Five Spoonfuls of the following Julap . Take of Rue Water , compound Briony Water , each ℥ iij , of Sugar Candy , s . q. mingle them , make a Julap . And if these things are given as soon as the suppression begins , the Disease is most commonly conquer'd , but if having continued the use of the said Remedies , till the whole quantity is taken , in this case we must try Laudanum once . Here Laudanum though of its own nature 't is astringent , yet by quieting the disturbance of the Spirits whereby the usual Evacuation of the Lochia is interrupted , does sometimes much good , and when Emmenagogs do no good , it may recall the Flux of the Lochia ; but Narcoticks are most conveniently given with Hystericks and Emmenagogs . For instance , Fourteen Drops of Liquid Laudanum in Compound Briony Water , or one Grain and a half of Solid Laudanum made into Two Pills , with half ae Scruple of Assa Faetida ▪ But we must be sure to take notice , that if we don't hit the Mark at once , if the Lochia don't follow , we must by no means repeat the Opium , as is usual in other cases , and ought to be : For if here the Paregorick is repeated , 't will so powerfully stop the Lochia , that afterwards they can by no means be provok'd ; for truly if this dont succeed ( some time being pass'd that we may know what it has perform'd , ) we must return to the use of Emmenagogs , mixt with Hystericks , and then inject a Clyster of Milk and Sugar ; and what was said above of Opium ▪ holds good likewise here of Clysters , for unless the first injected bring the Lochia , nothing is to be expected from more , one being sufficient , by turning the Humour gently , to cause the Lochia to flow , but more may divert them another way . These things being perform'd ( which are to be touch'd upon lightly , ) 't is most safe and the duty of a prudent Physician , to wait and see what time will do , for every Day the business of the Cure is more and more removed from Danger , and if the Sick live beyond the Twentieth Day , she 's in a manner out of danger . For when the Woman has been recruited a little , and gain'd some Strength , in a long Disease whatever 't is , she will be able to bear that Remedy which is fittest for the cure of that Disease , which was occasion'd by a suppression of the Lochia ; whereas Medicines cram'd in obstinately , the first doing no good , may increase the Disease , and also the disturbance of the Spirits from whence the Disease arises , which must be carefully noted . Lately a Vertuous Matron of good Parentage sent for me , she upon the foremention'd occasion , presently after she was brought to Bed , was seiz'd with Hysterick Fits , and the Lochia stop'd . I endeavour'd by the Medicines aforesaid to provoke them , but in vain , the violence of the Hysterick Disease being too powerful for the Medicines ; and at length when I perceiv'd she would be well if I did nothing , I committed all to time , by much the best and most successful Physician ; and according to my Opinion things went well with her to the Fourteenth Day : Visiting her daily , I found she was no day worse than she was the Day before . After this the Women that had attended upon her , whom I had hitherto kept from doing mischief by their over-officiousness , enforc'd the Husband to have a Vein opened instantly in his Wives Foot , which being done , the Hysterick Fits so far prevailed , that within a few Hours she was seiz'd with Convulsions , and soon after by Death , that ends all our Miseries . And if it be lawful to speak what I think , I have been a long time of the Opinion , that I have well perform'd the Duty of an Honest Man and good Physician , ( not only in the said Diseases of Women in Child-bed , but also in all other Acute Diseases , when I can't certainly promise that a Cure will follow this or that method I please to use ) , as often as I do nothing , when visiting the Patient , I find he is not worse this day , than he was the Day before , and when I can conjecture he will not be worse to Morrow than he is to day ; whereas if I proceed in curing the Sick with a method , the efficacy whereof I don 't yet know , he will be in danger both upon the account of the Experiment I am about to make upon him , and also by the Disease , nor will he as easily evade two Dangers as one . For though at present there is no manifest sign of his beginning to be well , yet 't is most certain that according to the nature of Acute Diseases , no one can always labour with them . And besides every Day will more and more secure the Patient , or yield an occasion to the Physician , whereby he may more opportunely and certainly vanquish the Disease , than he could before . Which as it may be truly affirm'd of most Disease , so especially of the Diseases of Child-bed Women , wherein the least error may prove fatal , and in which we are so little able to govern that natural Evacuation , the suppression whereof occasions the Diseases we have been treating of . But forasmuch as Hysterical Diseases dont always owe their Original to the prime cause , namely the native debility of the Spirits , but sometimes to an adventitious weakness ; therefore I design before I make an end , to discourse of this sort of cause , which most commonly is the occasion of Vapours as they are call'd ; and 't is an immoderate Flux of the Courses either in Child-Bed , or at other times as to the first kind , that comes and is very troublesom the first Days after hard Labour , accompanied with a numerous train of Hysterical Symptoms ; and as it only comes , and is troublesom on these first Days , so it soon goes away , for a Diet that is somewhat thickening , easily drives it away , for which also the following Drink may be used . Take of Plantain Water and Red Wine , each thi , boil them together , till a third part is Consumed ; then sweeten it with a s . q. of White Sugar , whereof when 't is cold , give half a Pint twice or thrice a day ; in the mean while some very gentle Hysterick Julap may be taken now and then , and the following Nodulus may be held to the Nose . Take of Galbanum , and Assa faetida , each ʒij , Castor ʒiss , of Volatile Salt of Amber ʒss , mingle them and make a Nodulus . Or , take ʒij of Spirit of Sal Armoniac , to which let her smell often . But as to the Flux , when Women are not in Child-bed , though that is wont to happen at any time , yet most commonly it comes a little before the time the Courses are about to leave them , namely about the Age of Forty Five if they flow early , but about Fifty , if they come somewhat later ; from these as is said a little before they quite go away , ( like a Candle burnt to the Socket , which gives the greatest Light just as 't is about to go out , ) they flow impetuously , and cast the poor Women into almost continual Hysterick Fits , by reason of the great quantity of Blood which is continually evacuated . Now though in this case , Hystericks both inward and outward must be us'd by the by ( avoiding those that are strong , lest they should promote the Flux ) yet the chief intention must be to stop the Courses , which may be soon done after this manner . Let ℥ viij of Blood be drawn from the Arm , the next Morning give the common Purgative Potion , which must be repeated every Third Day for Twice , and every Night at Bed time through the whole Course , let her take a Paregorick made with one Ounce of Diacodium . Take of Conserve of Dry'd Roses ℥ ij , of Trochisc , of Terra Lemnia ʒiss , of Pomegranate Peel , and Red Coral , each ℈ ij , of Lapis Haematitis and Dragons Blood , and Bole Armenic , each ℈ i , make an Electuary with a sufficient quantity of Simple Syrup of Coral , whereof let her take the quantity of a large Nutmeg in the Morning , and at Five in the Afternoon , Drinking upon it Six Spoonfuls of the following Julap . Take of the Water of Oak Buds and Plantain , each ℥ iij , of Cinamon Water hor deated , and of Syrup of dry'd Roses , each ℥ i , of Spirit of Vitriol a sufficient quantity to make a pleasant Acid . Take of the Leaves of Plantain , and Nettles , each a sufficient quantity , beat them together in a Marble Mortar , and press out the Juice ; then clarifie it ; let her take Six Spoonfuls cold three or Four times a day . After the first Purge , apply the following Plaister to the region of the Loins . Take of Diapalma , and of the Plaister ad herniam , each equal parts , mingle them , and spread upon Leather . A cooling and thickening Diet must be order'd , only 't will be proper to indulge the Sick a small draught of Claret Wine , once or twice a day , whch though 't is somewhat inconvenient , because its apt to raise the Ebullition , yet it may be allow'd to repair the Strength . And as indeed this Method is very beneficial to Women thus affected , so is it also as useful for those that are in danger of Abortion , only the Purges and Juices must be omitted . There is another cause , though 't is not so frequent of Hysterical Diseases , viz. a falling of the Womb by reason of a hard labour , it s accompanied with a large train of this kind of Diseases , yet is it soon and easily cur'd this way . Take of Oak Bark ℥ ii , boyl it in lb iiij of Fountain Water to lb ij , add at latter end ℥ i of Pomegranate Peel bruis'd , Red Roses , Granate Flowers , each Mij ; and then add lb ss of Red Wine , strain it , bath the parts affected with Flannel Cloaths dipt in it , in the Morning Two Hours before the Woman rises ▪ and at Night when she 's in Bed ; continue the use of it till the Symptom is quite gone . But enough of these things . And now worthy Sir , I have mention'd the chief of what has been hitherto observ'd in the History and Cure of this Disease , and have nothing else to do but to beg your Pardon , if I have err'd in describing these things not so accurately as I ought to have done , and also to desire you to accept favourably of this small Treatise , which was designedly written to return you thanks for your approbation of my other Works : And indeed I have so seldom receiv'd any thing of this nature , that either ▪ I have deserv'd no such thing , or else those candid and ingenious Men which Nature has fram'd with such excellency of Mind , as to know how to be grateful , are very few , scarce so many as the Gates of Thebes , or Entries of Wealthy Nile . Yet notwithstanding I endeavour all I can , and will do so , to learn and promote the method of curing Diseases , and to instruct those that are less conversant in practice than my self , let other People have what Opinion of me they please . For having nicely weigh'd whether 't is better to be beneficial to Men , or to be praised by them , I find the first preponderates , and much conduces to the tranquillity of Mind . But as for fame and popular applause , they are lighter than a Feather or a Bubble , and more vain than the shadow of a Dream . But if any one thinks that Riches got by such a Reputation have something more of weight in them , let them injoy what they have scrap'd together with all my Heart , but let them remember that some Mechanicks of the most fordid Trades , get and leave more to their Children , yet do they not exceed the Beasts in this , who take as much care as they can of themselves and theirs ▪ and if we except things honest , proceeding from the judgment of the Mind and Vertue ( whereof the Nature of Beasts is not capable , ) the ▪ Beasts are plainly as good as these and all others who don 't endeavour to do all the good they can in their Generation . CHAP. IV. Of the Gout . WIthout doubt Men will think , that either the nature of the Disease we now treat of is almost incomprehensible , or that I who have been vex'd with it Thirty Four Years , am a very dull Fellow , seeing my Observations about the Disease , and the cure of it ▪ do little answer their Expectation . But however it be , I will faithfully deliver those things I have hitherto learnt , the difficulties and intricacy , respecting either the account of the Disease , or the Method of Cure , leaving them to be clear'd and made plain by time the guide of truth . The Gout chiefly seizes those Old Men , who after they have lived the best part of their Lives tenderly and delicately , indulging themselves freely with splendid Banquets , Wine , and other Spirituous Liquors ; and at length having by reason of the Sloath that always accompanies Old Age , wholly omitted those Exercises of Body which Young Men are accustom'd to . Moreover they who are obnoxious to this Disease , have large Skulls , and are most commonly of a Gross habit of Body , Moist and Laxe , and of a Lusty and Luxuriant Constitution , the best and richest Foundation for Life . Not that the Gout only seizes those that are Corpulent , for sometimes also though seldomer , it invades thin People ; nor does it wait always till they are old , for sometimes it seizes those that are in the flower of their Age , when they have receiv'd the unhappy Seeds of the Disease from their Parents , as it were ex traduce ; or if this be not the cause , they have too early us'd Venery , or have quite forsook violent Exercises that they us'd formerly ; moreover they have great Stomachs , and have drank Spirituous Liquors immoderately , and afterwards they have suddenly betook themselves to thin and cooling Liquors . When it first seizes any one when he is very old , it never afterwards has such exact Periods , nor rages so violently , as when it falls upon a younger Man , both because he dies most commonly before the Disease accompanied with its natural Symptoms can come to its heighth , and also because the native heat and vigour of the Body being lessen'd , it can't be so constantly and violently shot off upon the Joints . But if it seizes any one earlier , though it does not yet fix upon one part , nor handle him so roughly , but comes with uncertain periods upon occasion given , paining him lightly for a few Days , coming and going without any Method , yet by degrees it formally besieges the Man , and proceeds regularly , both as to the time 't will come at , and as to the continuance of the Fit , and moreover assaults him more violently than at first . I will first Discourse of this Disease as it proceeds regularly , and afterwards of its anomalous and uncertain Phaenomena , when being put out of its course , either by a praeposterous use of ▪ improper Medicines , or by the weakness of the Subject , it can't attain to its proper and genuine Symptoms . Therefore when the Gout is regular , it seizes the Patient most commonly after this manner , about the latter end of January , or the beginning of February , it comes suddenly , and for the most part without giving any notice , except that the Patient has been troubled with indigestion and crudities of the Stomach some Weeks before ; moreover the Body is oppress'd and puff'd up with Wind , which daily increases till the Fit thunders upon him ; but a few Days before it comes , the Thighs are benumm'd , and there is as it were a discent of Wind through the Flesh of them , with Convulsive Motions , and the day before the Fit the Appetite is sharp , but not natural . He goes to Bed and to Sleep well , but about Two a Clock in the Morning is wak'd by the pain , seizing either his great Toe , the Heel , the Calf of the Leg , or the Ancle ; this Pain is like that of dislocated Bones , with the sense as it were of Water almost cold , pour'd upon the Membranes of the Parts affected , presently shivering or shaking follow , with a Feverish Disposition ; the Pain is first gentle , but increases by degrees , ( and in like manner the shivering and shaking go off , ) and that hourly till towards Night it comes to its heighth , accomodating it self neatly according to the variety of the Bones of the Tarsus and Metatarsus , whose Ligaments it seizes , sometimes resembling a violent stretching or tearing of those Ligaments , sometimes the gnawing of a Dog , and sometimes a pressure ; moreover the part affected has such a quick and exquisite pain , that 't is not able to bear the weight of Cloaths upon it , nor hard Walking in the Chamber ; and the Night is not pass'd over in pain upon this account only , but also by reason of the restless turning of the part hither and thither ▪ and the continual change of its place . Nor is the tossing of the whole Body , which always accompanies the Fit , but especially at its coming , less than the continual agitation and pain of the tormented Member . There are a Thousand fruitless endeavours us'd to ease the pain by a continual change of the place whereon the Body and the affected Members lye , yet there is no ease to be had , 'till Two or Three a Clock in the Morning ( viz. a Night and a Day being spent from the first approach of the Fit , ) at which time the Sick has suddenly ease , by reason there 's a little Digestion of the peccant Matter , and some discussion of it , though he undeservedly attributes it to that position of the affected part he us'd last . And now being in a breathing Sweat , he falls asleep ; when he wakes , he finds the pain much abated , and the part affected swell'd afresh ; for before there was only ( which is usual in the Fits of those that have the Gout , ) visible , a Swelling of the Veins intermix'd with the affected Member . The next day , and perhaps Two or Three days after , if the matter apt to genetrate , the Gout is copious , the part affected will be in pain , which will be violent too towards Evening , but 't will be eased about the time of the Cock's Crowing ; within a few Days the other Foot will be in pain , as the former was , and if the former has left off aking , the weakness which render'd it infirm will presently vanish , strength and perfect Health being so presently restor'd , as if it had never been out of order , if the pain is violent in the Foot lately seiz'd . And yet it acts the same Tragedy in the other Foot as it did in the former , both as to the violence of the Pain , and the duration of it ▪ and sometimes on the first Days of the Disease , when the Peccant Matter is so exuberant , that one Foot is unable to contain it , it afflicts both at the same time with the like violence ; but most commonly it seizes them successively as we said : After it has vex'd the Feet , the Fits that follow are irregular , both as to the time of Invasion and Duration , yet the pain always returns in the Evening , and is less in the Morning , and of a Series of these small Fits , consists that which is call'd a Fit of the Gout , longer or shorter , according to the Age of the Sick ; for 't is not to be supposed , that when any one is afflicted with this Disease two or three Months , that that 's one Fit , but rather a Series and Chain of small Fits , whereof every latter is gentler and shorter than the former , till at length the peccant Matter being wholly consum'd , the Patient recovers his former Health , which in those that are brisk , and in others whom the Gout has rarely visited , comes to pass often in Fourteen Days , and in those it has often afflicted in Two Months ; but in those who are more debilitated , either by the long continuance of the Disease , or by age ; it does not go off till Summer coming pretty well on , drives it away . The first Fourteen Days the Urine is high Colour'd , which after Separatión puts off a red Sediment , and as it were full of small Sand ; nor does the Patient render by Urine more than the third part of what he Drinks , and the Belly is most commonly bound the said first Days , want of Appetite , shaking of the whole Body about Evening , heaviness and a troublesom uneasiness of the parts that are not affected , accompanies the whole Fit , a violent itching of the Foot affected , follows the departing Fit , especially betwixt the Toes , and the Feet scale as if the Sick had been Poison'd . The Disease being discuss'd , a good habit of Body and Appetite return , according to the degree of Pain with which the Fit last past rag'd ; and so proportionably the following Fit will be hasten'd or deferr'd , for if the last Fit was very severe , the following Fit will not come , till the same time of the Year return again . And in this manner , the regular Gout shews it self with its genuine and proper Phaenomena , but when 't is disturb'd by improper methods of Cure , or by the obstinate continuance of the Disease , the very substance of the Body being as it were , perverted to the Nourishment of the Disease ; and Nature unable to eliminate the same by its wonted method , then the Phaenomena are much different from those describ'd . For whereas the Pain was hitherto only troublesome to the Feet , ( which are the genuine seat of the peccant matter , and if it possesses any other Parts , 't is most certain , that either the method of the Disease has been alter'd , or that the vigor of the Body , is by little and little diminish'd ) now it possesses the Hands , Wrists , the Arms , the Knees , and other regions , tormenting these , as much as it us'd to do the Feet : For sometimes distorting one or more of the Fingers , it makes them like a bunch of Parsnips , taking away the motion by degrees , and at length it generates Stony Concretions about the ligaments of the Joints , which destroying the Cuticle , and the very Skin of the Joints , renders visible , naked Stones , like Chalk or Crabs eyes ▪ which may be pick'd out with a Needle . Sometimes the matter occasioning the Disease thrust upon the Arms , causes a whitish Swelling , almost as big as an Egg ; which is by degrees inflam'd with Redness , sometimes falling upon the Thigh , it feels as if there were a great Weight hanging upon it ; yet without any considerable Pain , but passing to the Knee , it handles that more severely , so hindering all motions , that 't is as 't were , nail'd to the Bed : So that it can't move a Hairs-bredth from the place wherein it is . And when by reason of the restlessness of the Body , or to ease Nature , the Patient must be mov'd by the help of others , there 's need of great care , lest by chance , the least contrariety of motion ▪ shou'd occasion Pain , which for this reason only , is tollerable , viz. because it presently vanishes : And indeed , this carrying of the Body , that must be perform'd so carefully and tenderly , is not a small part of the Troubles , wherewith the Gout is burden'd ; for the pain is not violent through all the Fit , if the part affected , be kept quiet . Whereas the Gout before , did not use to invade before the latter end of Winter , and was wont to go off , after two or three Months , now it continues upon the Sick a whole year , excepting only two or three of the hot Summer Months : And what is moreover to be observ'd , as the great and general Fit is longer than heretofore it was , so those particular Fits , whereof the general is compounded , rage longer ; for whereas before those particular Fits did not torment the Patient above a day or two , now wherever it fixes , especially if it possesses the Feet or Knees , it does not cease , till the Tenth or Fourteenth day , moreover the First or Second day after its coming , the Patient feels some Sickness , besides the Pain , together with a total prostration of the Appetite . Lastly , before the Disease was grown to such a heigth , the Sick did not only enjoy longer Intervals of the Fits , but also during that Intermission , he was well in his Limbs , and in the other parts of Body , all the natural Faculties performing their Offices duly ; but now his Limbs are contracted and cumbred , so that tho' he can stand , and perhaps go a little , yet he creeps along so very lamely and troublesomely , that when he walks , he seems to stand still ; and if he endeavours to walk beyond his strength , that he may the better recover his Feet , the more he confirms them by walking , and renders them less apt to receive the pain , so much the more the Fomes of the Disease not perfectly dissipated by all this interval , hovers more dangerously about the Bowels , when it can't be so freely discharg'd upon the Feet , which at this time of the Disease , are scarce ever free from pain , but are always uneasie more or less . The Sick is also afflicted with many other Symptoms , as with a Pain of the Haemorrhoidal Veins , with unsavoury Belchings , resembling the taste of the Meat last eat , putrifying in the Stomach , when something of hard Digestion is eaten , or only so much as is requisite for People in Health , the Appetite Languishes , and also the whole Body , by reason of a penury of Spirits . Lastly ▪ He lives only to be wretched and miserable , and not at all to taste of the Happiness of Life . The Urine that us'd to be formerly high colour'd , especially in the Fits , and render'd in a small quantity , now is like that , both for colour and quantity which is evacuated in a Diabetes : The Back and other Parts , itch troublesomely about Bed-time . And this Incovenience also happens in this Disease , when 't is confirm'd , viz. that upon yawning , especially in the morning , the ligaments of the Bones of the Metatarsus , are violently pull'd , and seem to be hardly press'd with a strong Hand ; and sometimes when yawning does not go before , the Sick just dropping asleep , suddenly feels a Blow as it were of a Club , breaking in pieces the Metatarsus ; so that he wakes crying out : The Tendons of the Muscles that sustain the Legs , are sometimes taken with such a sharp and violent Convulsion , that the pain which it occasions , if it should last but a little while , would overcome all Humane Patience . After many and dreadful Torments , and long execution , the following Fits as to Pain are more gentle , as a pledge of the discharge which approaching Death is about to give , ( Nature being partly oppress'd by the burden of the Peccant Matter , and partly by Old Age , is no more able to expel it constantly and forceably to the extremities of the Body , ) but instead of the accustom'd Pain , a certain Sickness with a pain of the Belly , Spontaneous weariness , and sometime a propension to a Diarrhaea supervene . These Symptoms ease the pain of the Limbs when they are violent , and likewise vanish when the Pain is in the Joints ; and sometimes the Pain ▪ and sometimes the Sickness afflicting alternatively , prolong the Fits much . For 't is to be noted , that when any one has had the Gout many Years , the Pain is by degrees lessen'd every Fit ▪ and at length he dies more of the Sickness than the Pain : For the Pain which is in these Fits ▪ though 't is longer , yet is it not the Tenth of that which he us'd to suffer when his Strength was more intire . But this Severity of the Disease is compensated most commonly by the longer space betwixt the Fits , and by the good Health he in the mean while enjoys . For in this Disease , pain is Nature's most bitter Medicine ; and the more violent it is , the sooner will the Fit pass over , and the longer will be the intermission and more perfect , and so on the contrary . Nor does the Pain , the lameness , and the obstructed motion of the affected parts , the Sickness and other Symptoms describ'd , compleat the Tragedy of this Disease : For it breeds the Stone of the Kidnies in very many , either because the Sick lies long upon his Back , or because the Organs of Secretion have ceas'd to perform their due Functions , or for that the Stone is made of a part of the same kind of Matter , but which is the cause I shall not determine ; whatever is the origine of this Disease , the Sick has sometimes many sad Contemplations , to know whether the Stone or the Gout is most severe ; and sometimes the Stone hindering the passage of the Water into the Bladder through the Urinary Passages kills him , not waiting any longer upon the Slow Gouty Execution . Nor is it enough that the Sick is tormented in such a Miserable manner , as that he can't help himself , but wants the help of others , but this is also added to the heap of his Sorrows ▪ viz. that during the Fit , his Mind is as it were affected with the Contagion , and so far suffers with the Body , that 't is difficult to say which of them is most afflicted , for every Fit may as properly be call'd a Fit of Anger , as of the Gout , for the Mind and Reason are so extreamly enervated by the infirm Body , that they are disorder'd by the least motion of the Affections , so that he 's as troublesom to others , as to himself : Moreover he is as obnoxious to the rest of the Passions , viz. to fear , care , and others of the same kind , by which he 's also vex'd , till the Disease going off , the Mind also has recover'd its former tranquillity . At length the Sick ( that I may dispatch the Catastrophe of this dreadful Disease , ) his Bowels being so hurt by hatching and embracing the Peccant Matter , that the Organs of Secretion can no longer perform their Office , upon which account the Blood stuff'd with Faeculencies stagnates , and the peccant Matter is not as heretofore cast upon the extream parts of the Body ; at length I say the thrice Miserable Wretch is so happy as to Dye . But ( which may be a comfort to me and others that are afflicted with this Disease , though we are but moderately furnish'd with Mony and the Graces of the Mind , ) so liv'd and so died great Kings and Potentates , Generals of Armies , and Admirals of Fleets , Philosophers , and many such as these . In a word , this Disease of the Joints ( which can scarce be said of any other , ) kills more Rich than Poor , more Wise Men than Fools , Nature shewing as it were with the Finger how just the Parent and Disposer of all things is , and how little he sides with Parties ; for those that want something , are wont to be abundantly replenish'd with an other kind of good , and he allayes profuse munificence , by mixing an equal share of Miseries with it ; so that 't is every where inviolably decreed , that no Man shall be perfectly happy , or compleatly miserable , but that all shall partake of both Lots , which mixture of good and ill , so proper to our frailty and mortality , is perhaps very fit for us . Women are very seldom troubl'd with the Gout , and if they are , not till they are Old or of a Masculine habit of Body : Thin Women who in their Youth or Middle Age are troubled with Symptoms resembling the Gout , receive them from Hysterical Diseases , or a Rheumatism which they were afflicted with heretofore , the Fomes whereof was not well carried off . Nor have I hitherto observ'd that Boys or Youths are vext with the true and genuine Gout , yet some that I have known , have perceived some small touches of it , before they have arriv'd to that Age , viz. when their Fathers had this Disease when they begat them . And here ends the History of the Disease . Having very much contemplated the various phaenomena of this Disease , I suppose it arises from the Concoction weaken'd , both in the parts , and in all the Juices of the Body ; for in those who are subject to this Disease , they being either worn out by Age , or having by Intemperance hastened Old Age , the Animal Spirits are decay'd throughout the whole Body , being consum'd by the immoderate exercise of the brisk Functions in the heat of Youth , for instance , by too early , or too much use of Venery , by Mad and Extravagant Labours , whereby they unweariedly serve their pleasures ; to which is to be added a sudden intermission or cessation from the Exercises of the Body , to which they have been heretofore accustomed , either by reason of Years or Laziness , ( by the use whereof the Blood was wont to be render'd more vigorous , and the tone of the parts more firm , ) upon which account the Body becomes now wither'd , and the concoctions are no more rightly perform'd ; but on the contrary the dross of the Juices of the Body which were discharg'd before by the help of such Exercises , are from henceforth laid up in the Vessels , as a Stock for the Disease . And sometimes hard Study or Meditation concerning some serious and lasting Matter , has increas'd the Disease , whereby the Fine and Volatile Spirits are too much diverted from their business of Concoction , which they ought to perform . Moreover they that are subject to this Disease , are not only most commonly greedy of Meats in general , but chiefly of those that are hardest to digest , whereof when they eat as much as they were wont to do when they exercised themselves , they are unable to digest them . Nor does the said voracity or full feeding , so frequently ( though it does often ) occasion the Gout , as the immoderate and mad drinking of Wine , whereby the ferments appointed for various Concoctions are wholly destroy'd , and the Concoctions themselves , and the natural Spirits are vanquish'd and dispers'd by the great quantity of adventitious Vapours . But when at one and the same time , the vigour of the Spirits that are the Instruments of Concoction are lessen'd , and moreover a great haep of Humours oppresses the Blood , 't is impossible that all the Concoctions should be duly perform'd , when all the Viscera are so overwhelm'd , upon which account the Spirits long ago weaken'd , are now suffocated . For if this were occasion'd only by a weakness of the Spirits , Women and Children , and those which long Sickness has wasted , would likewise be invaded by it ; whereas for the most part it seizes the Strongest , and those that have the most robust Principles of Nature : Yet it does not seize them , 'till Humours are heapt up , by reason of the defect and declination of the Natural Spirits , by which join'd together the vitiated Concoctions are perverted . Moreover as every one of the causes we have mention'd , promote indigestion , so most of them occasion a Looseness of the habit and muscules of the Body , by which means a passage is open'd for the receiving crude and indigested Humours , as often as they are protruded to the outward parts , and when lying long in the Blood , they increase in bulk and contract an ill Disposition , and at length acquire a putrifying heat , and can no longer be govern'd by Nature , they break forth into a Species , and fall upon the Joints , and by heat and sharpness occasion most exquisite pains in the Ligaments and Membranes covering the Bones , which being either weaken'd and loosen'd by Age , or by Luxury , or Intemperance , make room for them , when they make an attempt ; but this falling of the Humours that generate the Gout , which constitutes the Fit , happens sooner or later , as occasion is offer'd for putting these Humours into motion . As to the cure , ( I will first mention those things that are to be omitted , ) though if we respect the Humours and the Indigestion whereby they are occasion'd , it may seem at first , that the curative indications are chiefly to be directed for the Evacution of the Humours already made , and for corroborating the Concoctions ; so that the heaping up of other Humours may be prevented ▪ forasmuch as these are the more general Indications , whereby we should do the business in most other humoral Diseases ; but in the Gout there 's a kind of prerogative in Nature , for exterminating the Peccant Matter after its own way , by putting it off upon the Joints , and by discussing it by insensible transpiration . About Three ways are propos'd , whereby we may eject the containing cause of the Gout , viz ▪ Bleeding , Purging and Sweating , and yet neither of these Methods will ever perform the business . First , Though Bleeding may seem both to Evacuate those Humours that are just ready for a descent , and also those that have already besieged the Joints , yet it plainly opposes that indication , which the antecedent cause , that is , indigestion , arising from a depravation and defect of the Spirits , ( which Bleeding lessens and oppresses more ) requires , and therefore Bleeding is not to be us'd , either to prevent the Fit which is fear'd , or to mitigate that which is now present , namely , in ▪ those that are old ; for though that Blood that is drawn out , is most commonly like that of Pleuriticks , and of those that have a Rheumatism , yet Bleeding does as much hurt to the Sick in this Disease , as it does good in the Two just mention'd ▪ for if Blood is extracted in the intermission , though a good while after the Fit , there 's danger lest by the agitation of the Blood and Humours , a new Fit should be occasion'd more lasting than the former , and accompanied with more violent Symptoms , the strength and vigour of the Blood being blunted thereby , by the help of which the nourishment of the Disease should have been diligently and constantly expell'd . And this inconvenience happens as often as Bleeding is us'd at the beginning of the Fit , and if it be us'd presently after the Fit , there 's great danger , lest Nature , the Blood having not yet recover'd its former strength , weaken'd by the Disease , should be so much dejected by this unseasonably us'd , that a Dropsie should be occasion'd thereby . But if the Sick is yet Young , and has been over-heated by hard Drinking , Blood may be drawn at the beginning of the Fit ; but if in the following Fits it is continually us'd , the Gout is soon confirm'd even in Youth , and will more propagate its Tyranny in a few Years , than otherwise in a great many . And then as to Purging , whether upward or downward , this must be noted , that whereas by the inviolable Law of Nature annex'd to the very essence of this Disease , the Fomes of it ought to be expell'd always to the Joints ; Emetick or Cathartick Remedies will do nothing else , but recal into the Blood the Peccant Matter , which was put off by Nature upon the Extremities of the Body ; upon which account that which ought to be cast upon the Joints , rushes perhaps upon some of the Viscera , and so the Patient's Life is in danger , when before 't was not in danger at all . Which is often observ'd to be fatal to those who have been accustom'd to Purging Medicines , that they might prevent the Gout , ( or which is worse , ) to lessen the Fit : For when Nature is put by her usual method , whereby as being best and more secure , she drives the Morbifick Matter upon the Joints , the Humours are turn'd inward upon the Intestines , and instead of Pain in the Joints , where there is none at all , or certainly but very little , the poor Wretches are almost destroy'd by Stomach Sickness , Gripes and Faintings , with a great troop of irregular Symptoms . Therefore I am fully perswaded , having learnt by continual and repeated experience , that all Purging whether by gentle or strong Medicines , such as are usually design'd to purge the Joints , do much hurt , whether it 's us'd in the Fit to lessen the Peccant Matter , or at the end to dissipate the Relicks of the Disease , or in a perfect intermission or good health , to hinder the approaching Fit. For I have found at my own peril , as well as of others , that Catharticks administred at any of these times , have been so far from doing good , that they have hasten'd the Mischief they should have prevented . First therefore Purging when the Fit rages , disturbing Nature when she is busied in separating the Morbifick Matter , and in putting it off upon the Joints , sometimes occasions a great confusion of the Spirits , so that the Fit is not only increas'd thereby , but the Patient's Life also is not a little hazarded ; and then Catharticks us'd at the end of the Fit , instead of removing the Relicks of the Disease , bring on another Fit afresh , as bad as the former , and thus the Sick being vainly deceiv'd , contrives Misery for himself , which he had not felt , if the Humours had not been inrag'd again : Which inconvenience I have found often , having preposterously crav'd for Medical help , to expel as I thought the relicks of the Disease . Lastly , As to Purging to be repeated at certain intervals , and in perfect Health , to prevent the Fit , though which must be confess'd , there is not so much danger of a new Fit , as in the case just mention'd , when the Patient was not wholly freed , yet at this time it produces a Fit ; and if by chance the Patient is not presently seiz'd , yet it does not at all free him from the Disease , though he take this or that Purge constantly at due distances , for I have known some obnoxious to this Disease , who have not Purg'd only at Spring and Autumn , but also Monthly and Weekly , that they might recover their Health , and yet none of these have escaped the Gout , for most commonly it handl'd them more cruelly afterwards , and with worse Symptoms than if they had taken no Physick at all . For though the said Purging might take away some part of the containing cause , yet no way conducing to the corroboration of Concoction ( so far from that is it , that it debilitates the same , and wounds Nature afresh , ) it opposes only one cause , and so is wholly unable to cure the Disease . But this must be noted moreover , that from the same defect of the Spirits , whereby the Concoctions are vitiated , in those who are wont to have the Gout , the frame of the same Animal Spirits is render'd less firm and vigorous , so that 't is presently disturb'd by any cause , whereby the Mind or Body is somewhat violently mov'd , and so very fleeting and shatter'd is it , as it happens to those that are subject to Hysterick and Hypochondriacal Diseases . From which inclination of the Spirits to be disturb'd , it comes to pass that the Gout most commonly follows the least evacuation . The tone of the Body being dissolv'd , which the firmness of the Spirits whilst they continue vigorous , keeps compact and brisk , the Peccant Matter moves without resistance ; and by this injury to the Body a Fit is presently occasion'd . But how pernicious soever this Method is , yet some Empericks are much esteem'd for it , by cunningly concealing the Purging Medicine they use ; for it must be observ'd , that during the Purging , the Patient has little or no Pain at all ; and if Purging could be continu'd many Days , and no new Fit supervene , the Sick would presently recover of that he has now upon him ; but truly he will be dreadfully punish'd afterwards by the confusion into which the said agitation of the Humours has precipitated Nature . Lastly , The Evacuation of the Peccant Matter by Sweat , though it does less hurt than the foresaid Evacuations , yet it plainly appears to be injurious , for though it don't draw back the Fomes of the Disease into the Bowels , but on the contrary , drives it to the habit of the Body ; yet for these Reasons it does hurt . First indeed because when the Fit is off , it forces the Humours as yet crude and not prepar'd for Separation , upon the Limbs , by which means it brings the Fit before its time , and contrary to Nature's consent ; and then because the forcing of Sweat in the Fit , does cast the Morbifick Matter too violently upon the affected Member , and occasions at the same time an intollerable pain ; and if the quantity of the Peccant Matter is greater than can be contained in the affected part , it forces it presently upon other Members , and upon which account there is a great Ebullition and Fury of the Blood and other Humours ; and if the Body abounds very much with serous Matter , fit to generate the Gout , there 's danger lest an Apoplexy should be occasion'd . Wherefore in this Disease as well as in all other , wherein Sweat is provok'd by Art , to cast forth the Morbifick Matter , and does not come naturally , 't is very dangerous to force them out too violently , and beyond that degree of Concoction whereunto the Humours to be evacuated have come of their own accord . And that excellent Aphorism of Hippocrates , that things concocted , not crude , are to be medicated , is of as much use in provoking Sweat , as in Purging the Belly , which is very apparent in that Sweat that uses to come at the latter end of Agues , which if it is moderate and agreeable to the concocted quantity of Febrile Matter of the preceding Fit , much relieves the Sick ; but if it 's forc'd beyond Nature's bounds , by keeping the Sick continually a-bed , a continual Fever is occasion'd , and instead of extinguishing the former Fire , a new one is kindled . In like manner in the Gout , that gentle Breathing Sweat which most commonly comes in the Morning of its own accord after each of the small Fits , whereof as I have said the great Fit consists , mitigates both the pain and restlessness , wherewith the Sick has conflicted all the Night . But on the contrary , when at any time this gentle breathing Sweat that naturally soon goes off , is provoked longer and more violently than the proportion of Peccant Matter requires , the Disease is encreas'd thereby . Therefore in this Disease and in all other I have ever seen , except the Plague only , 't is not so much the Physicians , as Nature's business to force Sweat , because we can't know by any means what part of Matter is already prepar'd for such a Separation , and by consequence what Measures we are to take in provoking it . Now seeing it plainly appears from what has been said , that 't is not only in vain to endeavour the cure of the Gout by Evacuating Medicines , but that they are also injurious to Gouty People , it remains , that we inquire to what other end the curative Indications are to be directed . I indeed having accurately weigh'd , and diligently examin'd the foresaid Phaenomena , gather from thence that we must have respect to two causes chiefly in the cure of this Disease ; the first is the Antecedent cause , or the indigestion of the Humours arising from a defect of heat and natural Spirits ; the other is the containing cause , or the heat and boiling of the Humours , when they are putrified and grown sharp by remaining too long in the Body , which their delay is occasion'd by the indigestion above mention'd : These Causes are so absolutely contrary one to the other , that those Remedies that do good for this , are injurious for the other ; upon which account this Disease is so very difficultly Cur'd . For when we endeavour to remove Indigestion by hot Medicines , there 's danger lest on the other hand we increase the heat of the Humours ; and when on the contrary we would mitigate the hot and acrid Humours , either by cooling Remedies or Diet , we occasion Indigestion , the natural Heat being weaken'd . But here by the containing cause , I don't only mean that which actually besieging the Joints , forms the Fit , but that moreover which lurking in the Blood , is yet unfit for Separation ; for all the Morbifick Matter is very seldom so clearly ejected , how long and severe soever the Fit has been , as that there are no relicks of it in the Body , after the Paroxism is gone off , and therefore regard must be had to this cause , as well when the Fit is off , as when it rages . But forasmuch as the ejection of the containing Matter is wholly Nature's Business , it must be done by her Method alone , for nothing can be in the mean time attempted to asswage the hot and acrid Humours , without injury to the Digestions , only the Sick must forbear hot Medicines and Diet whereby the Humours are inflam'd ; so that certainly the greatest and chiefest intention of Curing , consists in helping Concoction , by removing Indigestions , of which I will now treat , yet so as that in the series of my Discourse , I may touch upon those Remedies occasionally , which conduce to the asswaging of the Heat , and sharpness of the Humours . Therefore whatever helps Nature in duly performing her offices , either by strengthening the Stomach , that it may concoct the nourishment well , or the Blood , that it may duly assimilate the Chyle brought into it , or by strengthening the Solid Parts that they may the better convert the Juices design'd for their nourishment and increase , into their proper substance . Lastly , Whatever preserves the Organs of Excretion , and the emunctories of the Body , in that state whereby the Faeculencies of each part may in due time and order be carried off , these and all things of this kind conduce to the fulfilling this intention , and are properly call'd Digestives , whether they are Medicines , or a Rule for Diet or Exercise , or any other of those things which are call'd the Six Non-naturals . These kind of Medicines in general , are those which moderately heat , and are either bitter , or gently bite the Tongue , for they are very agreeble to the Stomach , they purifie the Blood , and comfort the other Parts . For instance , they are such as these Roots of Angelica , Elecampane , the Leaves of Wormwood , the lesser Centaury , Germander , Groundpine , &c. also those that are vulgarly call'd Anti-scorbuticks may be added , as the Roots of Horse-Radish , the Leaves of Garden Scurvy-Grass , Water-Cresses , and the like . But yet these acrid and pungent Herbs , how pleasing soever they are to the Stomach , and how much soever they help Concoction , are to be us'd more sparingly than others that corroborate the Stomach by their gentle heat and bitterness , and render the Mass of Blood more brisk and lively , for they stir up the Fomes of the Disease that has been long form'd , and increase the Heat . Some Species of them neatly mix'd , are better in my Opinion to concoct the Humours , than any one Simple of their Tribe . For though when we have need of the Specifick Vertue of any Medicine , that Rule holds good , the simpler 't is , the better 't is ; but when we design to cure the Sick by satisfying this or that Indication , every Ingredient contributes somewhat for the cure of the Disease ; and in this case the greater the number of Simples is , the more powerfully does the Medicine work ; therefore various forms of Medicines tending to this end , may be neatly fram'd of the foresaid , and of the rest of the Materia Medica of this sort . I prefer an Electuary before the rest made like Venice-Treacle , as the most excellent , for that a mutual Fermentation of the Simples , increases the vertue of them all , as if it produc'd some third thing , which in the things so join'd , has greater vertue than any one of them in the same quantity . But I willingly leave the choice of such Ingredients , and the forms wherein they are to be given , to the prudent Physician ; for I never thought it my business to write Receipts as they call them , but rather to note the Indications , according to which the Methods of Cure are to be directed ; and this being not well minded , is the cause why Empericks boast that they are the chief of the Medical art . But for the benefit of Beginners , I will set down the remedy I am wont to use , which is compounded after this manner . Take of the Roots of Angelica , of the sweet Smelling Flag , of Masterwort , Elecampane , of the Leaves of Common Wormwood , of the lesser Centaury , of white Whore-hound , of Germander , of Ground-pine , of Scordium , of common Calaminth , of Feverfew , of Field Saxifrage , St. John's-wort , Golden-Rod , Thime , Mint , Sage , Rue , Carduus B. Penny-Royal , Sothernwood , of the Flower of Chamomel , Tansie , Lilly of the Vallies , English Saffron , of the Seeds of Treacle Mustard , Garden Scurvy-Grass , Carraway , Juniper-Berries , each a sufficient quantity ; let the Herbs and Flowers and Roots be gather'd when they have most vertue in them ; let them be dry'd , and kept in Paper Bags till they may be finely powder'd ; to six Ounces of each well mixt , add a sufficient quantity of purified Hony and Canary Wine , to make an Electuary ; take ʒij Morning and Evening . Or for want of this , use the following . Take of the Conserve of Garden Scurvy-grass ℥ iss , of Roman Wormwood , and of the Yellow Rind of Oranges , each ℥ i , of Candied Angelica , of Nutmegs Candied , each ℥ ss , of Venice Treacle , ʒiij , of Compound Powder of Wake Robin ʒij , make an Electuary , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges ; let him take ʒij twice a day , drinking upon it Five or Six Spoonfuls of the following Water . Take of the Roots of Horse-Radish slic'd ℥ iij , of Garden Scurvy-grass , M. xij , of Water Cresses and Brook-lime , of Sage and Mint , each M. iiij , the Peel of Six Oranges , two Nutmegs bruis'd , of Brunswick Mum lb xij , distil them in a common Still , and draw only Six Pints of Water for use . Among the Medicines commonly known , Venice Treacle is the best to corroborate the Concoctions ; but because it contains a great many Species that heat too much , and besides , a great deal of Opium , the Electuary above-mention'd may be more commodiously prepar'd of the chief heating Vegetables ; but we must take care to choose such Simples as are pleasant to the Taste , for the Sick must take it a long while , viz. almost as long as he lives , and therefore 't is very requisite that they should be palatable ; among the Simples ; the Peruvian Bark is the best , for it strengthens the Blood , and renders it vigorous , if some Grains of it are taken Morning and Evening . And truly as in this Disease we now treat of , so in most other Chronical Diseases , these and such like Remedies that strengthen the Blood , and render it Brisk ( if their heat don't consist of Vinous Spirits , for reasons to be shewn hereafter , ) do most good , forasmuch as every Disease of this kind , if I conjecture right , ought to be referr'd to one and the same cause , viz. the indigestion of the Humours . But it can no way be made more apparent and better prov'd , than by setting in view the difference that is betwixt Acute and Chronical Diseases ; wherefore I hope the Reader will not take it amiss , if I do a little digress from the business in hand . As therefore those for the most part are accounted Acute Diseases , which either soon kill , or are brought to Concoction , so those are Chronical Diseases which either are not Concocted at all , or require a long time for their Concoction ; and indeed the very nature of the thing , as well as the words by which 't is express'd , plainly signifie as much ; but the cause of this difference which is perceiv'd betwixt these two kinds of Diseases , is more obscure , and not easily to be clear'd . I suppose 't will be worth our labour , to spend a little time in the search after it , for the clear and distinct knowledge of these things , contributes much towards the finding out true and agreeable Indications for the cure of these Diseases . Whether the innermost Bowels of the Earth , if it 's proper to say so , undergo various changes , upon which account the Air is infected by Vapours exhaling from thence , which seems very probable to me , or whether the whole Atmosphaere is infected by an alteration occasion'd by a certain Conjunction of Heavenly Bodies : 'T is most certain , that for this space of time , the Air is stuff'd with Particles which are injurious to the oeconomy of the Human Body ; and that at another time 't is impregnated with such Particles , as are Enemies to the Bodies of some species of Beasts . When at these times we breath into the naked Blood , the noxious Venom that 's an Enemy to Nature , and fall into those Epidemical Diseases which that is apt to produce , Nature produces a Fever , its usual engine to free the Blood from any disagreeable Matter that lodges within ; and such Diseases are commonly reckon'd Epidemical , and are therefore acute and short , because they have so quick and violent a motion . But besides these Diseases occasion'd by an External cause , there are others as acute , proceeding from this or that peculiar Inflammation of the Blood , which don't depend on any general cause from the Air , but on a particular irregularity or intemperies of particular Bodies , which kind of Fevers I call Intercurrent and Sporadick , which happen almost in all Years . But Chronical Diseases have quite another genius , for though an unhealthy Air of this or that kind may conduce much to the generating these Diseases , yet they don 't so immediately take their rise from the Air , but most commonly to the indigestion of the Humours , the common Parent of them all . For when any one has the Principles of his Nature weaken'd and worn out , either by Old Age , or by great and continual errors in the Six non-naturals , especially in Meat and Drink ; or if the Secretory Organs have been so debilitated , that they are wholly unable to purifie the Blood , and to carry off its Superfluities : In these cases a greater stock of Humours being heap'd up than a Man's strength is able to digest , the said Humours by long continuance undergo various Fermentations and Putrefactions , and at length break out in specie , and occasion various kinds of Diseases , according to the variety of Depravation ; and as these deprav'd Juices have a various disposition , so they variously fall upon this or that part which is fittest to receive them , and at length by degrees they shew their long train of Symptoms , which are wont to arise partly from the nature of such Juices , and partly from the Confusion brought upon those parts , which two join'd together , constitute the irregularity of Nature , which is mark'd with the name of some Disease . Now 't will plainly appear , that such an impotency of Nature for the concocting the Humours , is the chief cause of Chronical Diseases , if we consider that Old Men whose Concoctions are weaken'd , and the Spirits the Instruments of them wasted by the repeated functions of a long Life , are more subject to these Diseases than Younger People , whose flame of Life being more kindled , scatters those Feculencies heap'd up , and whose Secretory Organs are constantly assisted by the natural heat , that they may not be deficient in purifying the Mass of Blood , unless they are oppressed , and as it were suffocated by too great a quantity of Humours . Moreover that such an indigestion of the Humours , is the cause of most Chronical Diseases , is manifest from hence , viz. because Winter is much more apt to breed such Diseases than Summer ; though some of them don't actually break out till the latter end of Winter , yet the stock of Humours on which they depend , increasing all the Winter , is inlarg'd by that cold and raw Season , weakening Nature , so that she is not so able to preserve the oeconomy of the Body . Upon which account it happens , that they who are very well in Summer , seldom escape those Diseases in Winter whereunto they are most inclin'd . For instance , the Gout or Asthma , and a Cough , and the like . And from hence we may learn the reason why travelling into more Southerly Regions does so effectually vanquish those Diseases , the cure whereof is vainly attempted in colder Climates . The truth of what I have said already concerning the general cause of Chronical Diseases , will moreover manifest it self by that great and incredible relief which those that are afflicted with most Chronical Diseases , especially with a Phthisis , receive by Riding on Horse-back , which kind of Exercise invigorates and strengthens all the Digestions , the natural Heat being reviv'd by the continual shaking of the Body , and the Organs destin'd for Secretion , assisted in duly performing their Office of purifying the Blood , so that a Renovation of the ruin'd Digestions must necessarily follow , and by consequence , the best Constitution of Body . Wherefore 't is manifest enough by the reasons already alledg'd , that not only in the Gout , but also in other Chronical Diseases , where no manifest Symptom contraindicates ; such kind of hot Herbs are sometimes very beneficial , for they procure the heat of Summer , in the middle of Winter ; tho' if we accustom our selves to the use of them in Summer-time , they will the better prevent those Diseases , which the contrary Season is wont to occasion : And truly if they are deferr'd till Winter approaches , at which time a great deal of Matter is heapt up , 't is to be fear'd , we may fly too late to this Refuge . But tho' ( as I have discours'd largely above ) the Gout by a peculiar Disposition , is made worse by Catharticks ; yet in most other Chronical Diseases , Bleeding repeated as often as there is occasion , and Purging is to be order'd , before these digestive and corroborating Medicines are to be us'd ; but when the Patient has once enter'd upon the use of these , he must persevere , without Purging betwixt whiles ; for this must be constantly maintain'd , that as often as the Cure of any Disease is assay'd by corroborating Remedies , all Evacuations are wholly injurious . Lastly , I don't affirm that these digestive Medicines now mention'd , are better than all others ; but this I say , that he that can find out the best Remedy to answer this Intention , will do much more in curing Chronical Diseases , than he wou'd imagine he was able to do . But this must be first taken notice of , and chiefly observ'd above all the things I am about to mention concerning the Cure of the Gout , namely , That all digestive Remedies whatsoever , whether Courses of Physick , or Diet , or Exercise , are not to be taken up by the by , but must be us'd constantly and daily with the greatest Diligence ; for whereas in this Disease , as also in most other Chronical Diseases , the cause of it has pass'd into an Habit , and is become as it were a new Nature : No Man in his right Senses , can think that some small and short alteration , superinduc'd upon the Blood and Humours , by any sort of Remedy or Diet , can perfect the Cure ; for the whole Habit of the Body must be chang'd , and the whole Man must be as it were new fram'd ; for 't is not so here , as in some accute Disease , where he that even now was strong , and perfectly well , is suddenly seiz'd with a Fever , and precipitated from the best state of Health , into the most dangerous Disease . No , the case of the Gout is quite different , where he that for many years together , by immoderately indulging himself in Surfeiting and Drunkenness , and neglecting his wonted Exercises , is worn out by Sloth and Negligence , or by hard Study , or continual and intense Thinking , or by some other Errors of Life ; as if he had designedly perverted the various Ferments of the Body , and oppress'd the animal Spirits , ( which are the chief Instruments of Digestion ) by which means the preternatural Humours that were heapt up , break out at length , when they are arriv'd to the highest degree , and confound all , the Flesh being soften'd , and the Joynts weaken'd , so that they readily receive the Humours falling upon them . And so at length another Nature is as it were , superinduc'd by degrees , the pristine and natural oeconomy of the Body being wholly subverted , and destroy'd : And those Fits about which unwary and unthinking Men are so busied , are indeed nothing else but the Series and order of Symptoms , depending on that method which Nature is wont to use in driving out the Matter that occasions the Disease ; wherefore he labours in vain , that endeavours to drive away this Disease , by this or that Medicine or Regimen now and then us'd . For this Habit being chiefly founded , and consisting both in the weakness of all the Digestions , and in the want of the natural Strength of the particular Parts , we must provide against both these Ills , and the strength of Concoction , as well as the Soundness of the Parts , must be reduc ▪ d and restor'd by degrees to the former state and accustom'd oeconomy of the Body , tho' to do this fully and perfectly , may not seem possible , not only because any Habit is difficultly chang'd into the quite contrary , but also because Old Age which most commonly accompanies this Disease ▪ violently opposes ; yet the Cure is to be endeavour'd as much as the Strength and Years will permit : And the nearer or farther from this Mark the Patient is , he will more or less avoid the Tyranny of the Gout . And 't is moreover to be noted , That digestive Remedies , either medicinal or dietetic , are chiefly to be us'd in the Intervals of the Fits , and as long as may be before the next Fit ; for by reason of Old Age , much time is requir'd , and a constant use of Remedies , before the corroboration of all the Concoctions and the Restauration of the enfeebl'd Ferments of the Body , and such a Soundness as is requisite for the Blood and Viscera can be obtain'd . But tho these Remedies and other things of the same kind , may do good , yet this intention of corroborating , can't be answer'd by these things alone , but respect must be also had to those things which don 't properly belong to Physick . And he will be most certainly deceiv'd that thinks he can perform the Cure of this , or some other Chronical Disease , by Medicines alone . First therefore , a Mediocrity is to be observ'd in Meat and Drink , so that neither more Nourishment be taken in , than the Stomach can concoct , lest the Disease shou'd be heigthen'd by it ; nor on the contrary must the Parts , by too much Abstinence , be defrauded of that Proportion , whereby their Strength and Vigor ought to be sustain'd , for by so doing , they will be more weaken'd , for either is alike injurious , as I have often found in my self and others ▪ : Moreover , as to the quality of the Meat , tho' things of easie Digestion consider'd by themselves , are to be prefer'd before things of hard Digestion ; yet regard must be had to the Patients Palate : For we must take notice , That that which the Stomach earnestly craves for , tho' of difficult Digestion , is sooner conquer'd by Nature , than that which is accounted to be of easier Digestion , if it be offensive to the Stomach ; but those things that are reckon'd of hard Digestion , are therefore to be eaten more sparingly ; and I suppose the Patient ought to feed upon one sort of Meat at a Meal ▪ for various sorts of Flesh eaten at once , disturb the Stomach , more than one sort eaten in the same quantity . As to other things beside Flesh , let him eat at Pleasure , if they are not Sharp , nor Salted , nor Spic'd ; which tho' they don't hurt Concoction , yet are they injurious , for that they exagitate the Fomes of the Disease . As to the times of eating , a Dinner is only necessary ; for the Bed being most proper to digest the Humours , that time ought not to be wasted about concocting the Meat ; therefore they that are subject to the Gout , shou'd not eat Suppers , yet they may allow themselves a large Draught of small Beer , for such are also most commonly inclinable to breed the Stone in the Kidnies , the Concretion whereof , is much hinder'd by such a kind of Liquor , drank at this time ▪ the Reins being cool'd and cleans'd thereby . The drinking of Milk , or a Milk Diet , either crude or boyl'd , without any thing else , except perhaps a piece of Bread with it once a day , has been much us'd these Twenty years , and it has done more good to many , than any other sort of Remedy for this Disease , as long as they kept to it : But as soon as they return'd to common Diet , tho' of easie Digestion , the Gout return'd more violently than before , and held them longer ; for the Principles of Nature being weaken'd by this method , the Sick was render'd less capable to repell the Disease , upon which account 't was more dangerous and lasted longer . Therefore he that intends to betake himself to this method , ought first to consider seriously whether he can persist in the use of it all his Life long , which perhaps is not in his Power , how resolv'd so ever he may be . For I knew a Noble Man , who after he had been dieted with Milk only , a whole year with Pleasure , ( all which time , he went to Stool daily once or oftner ) was forc'd to leave it off , by reason he was suddenly bound in Body , and the Temper of his Body alter'd , and because his Stomach at length nauseated Milk , tho' the inclination of his Mind still continued . But some hypochondriacal People of a gross habit of Body , or who otherwise have accustom'd themselves much and a long while to spirituous Liquor , can by no means bear a Milk Diet. Moreover , that very short and fading Benefit that they receive by this Diet , to whom Milk is agreeable , proceeds hence , viz. not only for that this Diet is most simple , ( for I don't doubt but that Barly-Broath , if the Stomach will bear it , may do as well ) but also because it renders the Blood more mild and sweet by quelling the Acrid Particles in it ; and moreover , which I suppose is most considerable , Milk being a sort of aliment very unfit for grown People , suppresses that Turgescency of the Humours , which occasions the Gout ; and for that reason those few with whom a Milk Diet agrees , are so long free from the Gout as they feed upon it , and no longer ; for by being wholly contrary to the original cause of the Gout , viz. the weakness of the Ferments and Concoctions , 't is much more injurious than beneficial . And because this has not been sufficiently regarded , some unwary People have fell into great and fatal Errors ; for by endeavouring to oppose the containing cause , viz. the heat and sharpness of the Humours , they have destroy'd the concoctions and all the natural Functions . As to Liquors , those in my opinion are best , that are neither as strong as Wine , nor as weak as water , of which sort is our London Small-Beer , with or without Hops ; for extreames on either hand are hurtful . First as to Wine , tho' the Proverb says , Drink Wine and have the Gout , and drink no Wine and have the Gout : Yet 't is without Controvesie , and confirm'd by various Experiments of gouty People , that Wine de facto is injurious . For tho' it may be suppos'd to do good by helping the Concoctions , the Disorders whereof , I have long accounted the antecedent cause of the Gout ; yet with respect to the containing cause , it mst be reckon'd wholly injurious , for that it fires and exagitates the Humours , the Fomes of the Disease , already prepar'd to give Battel : Yet I don't grant that Wine us'd for ordinary drink , does promote Concoction , but rather spoyls it , unless in those that have been accustom'd to Wine a long while ; for tho' as it passes by it imparts some Heat , yet it certainly injures the Ferments of the Body , and destroys the natural Spirits ; and for this reason I suppose , great Drinkers dye of the Gout , Dropsie , Palsie and other cold Diseases . Moreover , a continual and immoderate swilling of Wine , renders the Body soft like Womens Bodies , whereas temperate Liquors strengthen and confirm the Tone of all the Parts ; for which reason , they that have always us'd small Liquors , seldom know what the Gout means . 'T is moreover to be noted , That those Men are most inclinable to this Disease , who tho' their natural Concoction is lessen'd , are nourish'd more than enough by reason of a certain Luxury of the Blood , and they grow bulky by some indigested Matter , instead of good Substance and well compacted . And drinking of Wine does more increase this Luxury of the Blood ; and moreover , heaps up a new Stock of Matter , and actually occasions the Disease , by firing as it were the Fomes of it , which has been laid up a long while . And besides , the Blood of gouty People , being very like that which is taken from those that have a Pleurisie , or some other inflamatory Disease ; 't would be a mad thing to inrage it more with spirituous Liquors . Nor on the contrary , are Liquors too much cooling to be us'd ; for these by quite spoyling the Concoctions , and by extinguishing the natural Heat , occasion the greater Mischief ; not Pain as Wine does , but Death it self : As Experience teaches in those who freely indulging themselves in drinking Wine , till they are Old , and betaking themselves suddenly to drink Water or small Liquors , have soon destroy'd themselves . Therefore those that are subject to the Gout , must take care that they use those Liquors , that can neither cause Drunkenness when they are taken in a large quantity , nor yet injure the Stomach by chilling it ; of this kind as I said , is our Small-Beer , and a proper Liquor may be made in other Countries , by mixing a little Water with a great deal of Wine . I count Water by it self , crude and injurious , and I have found it so to my hurt . But Water may be safely drunk by young People , wherewith at this day , the greatest part of Mankind quenches Thirst , being more happy with their Poverty , than we with Plenty and Luxury . To confirm which , I produce that great Train of Diseases , whereby our Bodies on this accout are tortur'd , viz. the Gout , Stone , Apoplexy , Palsie and the like ; and that Violence upon the Mind , whereby 't is driven contrary to its native Rectitude , while the adventitious Spirits of such Liquors , complicated with the animal Spirits , serving for the forming Thoughts , disturb the Mind , by volatilising it too much , suggesting vain and frivolous Fancies , instead of things that are solid and of some moment ; and so makes us Jesters and merry Fellows , instead of Wise Men , between which , the difference is almost the same , as betwixt a Substance and a Shadow : But enough of this . But now , tho' it may be sufficient for him that has the Gout but a little , and at some times only , to use Small-beer and diluted Wine , the degree of his Disease not requiring a more sever usage ; yet when the whole Substance of the Body is as it were , degenerated into the Gout , he will be less able to conquer the Disease , who does not wholly abstain from any sort of fermented Liquors , tho' Small and Mild ; for all these contain a pungent Spirit , and some degree of Sharpness , and what is worse , as they have a Ferment in them , ( even as Yeast put into Liquors , imparts a fermentative Vertue to the whole Mass ) so they incline the Humours to a perpetual Fermentation . Therefore a Dietetick Drink must be prescrib'd of the Ingredients commonly known and appointed for this use , for ordinary Drink , if it be not too strong , for if so , the Humours will be almost as much inrag'd as by Wine : And on the contrary , it must not be so small , as to injure the natural Functions , by over-cooling them . This sort of Drink if it be made of such Ingredients as are least displeasing to the Sick , tho' the constant taking them , may cause some loathing for a Week or too , will afterwards be as pleasing and as acceptable , as any other Liquors to which he has been most accustom'd . And by this kind of Liquor , the Appetite will be increas'd , and become more natural than it us'd to be with fermented Liquors . And moreover , there will be this advantage , that he that uses this dietetick Liquor for his ordinary Drink , may the freer indulge himself in other Diet , than when he drank Beer or Wine , for the Errors in Diet ( all which 't is almost impossible for a Man to avoid ) will by this means , be somewhat corrected and amended . But which is the chiefest of all , the Sick may prevent the Stone by this means , which is usually the constant companion of the Gout ; for all sharp and attenuating Liquors , occasion a Fit of the Stone , as well as generate it . The following Liquor being of a pleasant Taste and Colour , pleases me best . Take of Sarsaparilla ℥ vi , of Sassaphras , China , and the Shavings of Harts-horn , each ℥ ij , of Liquorish ℥ i ; boyl them in Two Gallons of Fountain Water for half an hour , afterwards let them stand cover'd upon hot Ashes 12 hours , afterterwards boyl it to the consumption of a Third part ; as soon as 't is taken from the Fire , infuse half an Ounce of Anniseeds , after 2 hours strain it , and let it stand till it 's clear ; keep the clear Liquor in Glass Bottles well stopt for use . This Liquor is most conveniently us'd at first , when the Patient recovers of the Fit , and he must persevere in the use of it all the rest of his Life as well when he has the Fits , as at other times . At the same time the foresaid Electuary must be us'd daily , as well in the Fits , as when they are off ; the Heat of this will somewhat allay the Waterishness of the dietetick Drink , affording a due degree of heat to the Blood and Bowels , without that agitation which us'd to be occasion'd by the heat of fermented Liquors . If any one shou'd object that that Life is scarce vital , wherein a total Abstinence from Wine and other fermented Liquors is observ'd : I answer , it must be consider'd whether it be not much more miserable and less tolerable , to be rack'd and dreadfully tortur'd by the Gout , grown strong by continuance , ( for when the Disease is gentle , this is not requisite ) than to be confin'd to this Liquor ; the use of which being continued , he may indulge himself in almost all sorts of Food : Not to repeat now that this Drink ( as all other things ) grows pleasant by custom . Certainly he that has felt this Disease , if he be a Man , will not long dispute which is best . Yet notwithstanding , if the Sick by reason of a long and too great use of intoxicating Liquors , or by reason of Old Age or Weakness , can't concoct his Meat without Wine or some other fermented Liquor , he can't leave it off suddenly without great danger , the doing whereof has been fatal to many . Therefore in my opinion , he shou'd not use the dietetick Apozem above describ'd ; but if he be resolv'd to use it , let him be accustom'd to it leisurely , ( drinking a Draught of Wine at Meals for some time ) more like a Remedy than a Diet , till the Decoction becomes more familiar : But Spanish Wine is to be preferr'd in this case before French or Rhe●●sh Wine , the two last being apt to inrage the Humours , and to increase the Fomes of the Disease , tho' they are very grateful to the Stomach . Moreover , they are almost as crude , and scarce more concocted than our Syder , and besides they are not so cordial and hot , as the case requires . And so much may suffice for the Meat and Drink of gouty People . There 's another thing which tho' it may seem small , yet is it of great moment , as well for digesting the Fomes of the Disease , when the Fit is violent , as for hindering the generation of the Matter , when the Fit is off ; namely , that the Sick , especially in Winter , go to Bed early ; for besides , Bleeding and Purging , nothing does so much destroy the strength of Nature , as watching a Nights , which every sickly person can affirm by Experience , if he considers how much brisker and more chearful he rises ▪ when he goes to Bed early , and how languid and faint he is when has sat up late ; and tho' it may seem as well , if he lyes a Bed so many hours , whether he goes to Bed sooner or later : For instance , whether he goes to Bed at Nine , and rises at Five , or goes to Bed at Eleven , and rises at Seven ; yet 't is not so , and I suppose chiefly for this reason , viz. in the Day-time the Spirits are dissipated , either by the Exercise of the Body or Mind , which in People that are sickly , are so infirm and weak , that they have need of Rest earlier in the Evening ; for the approach of Night occasioning as it were , a kind of Relaxation of the Economy of the Body , which was kept up in the Day-time , by the influence of the Sun ; 't is necessary that the heat of the Bed shou'd supply the want of the Sun , especially in Winter . But in the Morning , the Spirits being refresh'd and invigorated by the rest of the foregoing Night , and the warmth of the Bed , ( besides , for that the supervening day adds Firmness and Strength to the Tone of the Body ) rising early at this time , tho' an hour or two is taken from the Morning Sleep , Nature is not so much injur'd as by Evening Watchings protracted an hour or two . Wherefore I wou'd perswade those that are subject to the Gout , to go to Bed early ; especially in the Winter , and to rise early , tho' Sleep somewhat shorter , may intice them to lye longer ; for sleeping in a Morning , prevents so much Sleep the next Night , and so at length , a force being brought upon Nature , and its wise Institutions despis'd , Night is turn'd into Day , and Day into Night . Moreover , Tranquility of Mind , must by all means be obtain'd ; for all Perturbations , when they break the Bounds , mightly dissolve the frame of the Spirits , that are the Instruments of Digestions ; and so by consequence , much promote the Gout . Therefore the Sick shou'd prudently consider his own mortal Condition , and not foolishly imagine that he is freed from those Troubles , that necessarily follow it ; for whether he suffers this Affliction of Mind , either by his own Fault , or Fault of others , he can never prescribe Laws to the World , who has not been always obedient to any one , how Potent and Wise soever he has been ; nor does ever all things fall out so exactly , according to any ones Mind , as he fondly imagines , but suddenly as he is busied in Mind about the ordering of things , he becomes the Specimen of humane Frailty , having unreasonably depriv'd himself of the Enjoyment , of the fading Fruits of Life . The same Inconvenience , follows too great an Application of Mind to Study and serious things ▪ for Melancholy always accompanying this Disease more than any other , those that are subject to it , are wont to tire and overwhelm the Animal Spirits , by thinking much and long , without the artificial help of Books ; and they do so mightly overthink , that the oeconomy of the Body , can't any longer preserve it self whole : For which reason in my opinion , this Disease seizes ( except my self if you please ) very few Fools . But the Exercise of the Body is more profitable , than all other things that are us'd to hinder the Indigestion of the Humours , ( which I reckon the chief cause of the Gout ) and to corroborate the Blood , and to restore strength to the Parts : But it must be noted , which I have mention'd above , that as in this Disease , more than in any other Chronical Disease , the Habit of the whole Body ought to be chang'd , ; the Exercise of the Body , unless 't is daily , will do no good ; for this kind of Exercise intermitted by turns , as it does scarce conduce any thing ▪ to the change of the Habit of the Body grown Languid and Esseminate , by Sloth and Indulgence , so perhaps it may prove injurious , by occasioning the Fit when the Patient has disus'd it a long while . But this exercise ought not to be violent , but such as is agreeable to Old Men , which are most usually the subjects of the Gout . For too violent a motion of the Body does too much dissipate the Spirits , and by consequence hurts the Concotions , whereas constant and moderate Exercise strengthens them . Though this may seem hard to a Man , who besides Old Age and Sloth , and the unfitness of the Body for motion , which is as it were natural in this Disease , is moreover punish'd with Pain ; and yet if this be omitted , nothing which has been already found out will do any good . And as the Intervals of the Fits without constant Exercise of the Body can't be long , so such a one will be more prone to breed the Stone , which is more dangerous and more tormenting than the Gout . Moreover ( which is of great moment ) the Stony Matter is much increas'd by long rest in the Joints of the Body , especially of the Fingers , so that at length they are wholly deprived of all motion . For how confidently soever some People affirm , that the Matter ▪ of these Stones is nothing else but the Tartar of the Blood put off upon the Joints , yet 't will easily appear to any one that does a little weigh the thing more seriously , that when a great deal of unconcocted Matter causing the Gout , flows upon some of the Joints , and renders the neighbouring parts tumid a long while , at last it happens that partly by reason the assimulative vertue of these is choak'd , and partly by reason of a suffocating obstruction which this dull Humour breeds in them , the said Matter is generated , which is turn'd into this kind of Substance by the heat and pain of the Joints , and is daily increas'd , changing the Flesh and Skin into its own nature , which now lies naked , and may be pick'd out with a Needle , and is like Chalk , or Crabs Eyes , or some such thing . But now this ill may be prevented by daily exercise , by which the Humours causing the Gout , which are apt to seize on one part , are duly scatter'd through the whole Body . So that it come to pass as I have observ'd in my self , that long and daily exercise does not only hinder the generation of this Stony Matter , but also dissolves the Stones when they are hard and old , if they have not prevail'd so far , as to change the outward Skin into their own Substance . As to the kind of Exercise , riding on Horseback , when Old Age or the Stone does not hinder , is much to be preferr'd before the rest : And truly I have many times thought with my self ▪ that if any one knew a Medicine which he cou'd also conceal , as effectual in this and most other Chronical Diseases , as constant and daily riding on Horse-back , he might easily get a vast Estate . If this can't be us'd , riding in a Coach does almost as well ; and on this account at least 't is well with Gouty People , for their Riches which enticed them to Luxury ▪ whereby the Disease was bred , can provide them a Coach , which kind of Exercise they may use , when they can't the other . But 't is to be observ'd , that 't is best to use Exercise in a good Air , viz. in the Country , and not in a City , where the Air is fill'd with Vapours exhaling from the Shops of various Artificers , and thicken'd by the closeness of the Buildings , as 't is here in London , which is generally suppos'd to be the most spacious City in the whole World. But how great the difference is betwixt Exercising in the Country , and Exercise in Town , any one that has the Gout will soon find . As to Venery , he that is Old and Gouty ( being now destitute of a stock of Spirits , whereby the Concoctions ought to be promoted , and by consequence his Joints and the neighbouring parts to them are but too much weaken'd and loosen'd without this adventitious destruction , ) is equally as improvident in my opinion , if he indulge himself in these allurements , as he that having undertaken a long Journey , should consume all his Provisions before he sets out ; for besides the Mischief he brings upon himself by not restraining the impotent desires of feeble Age , he deprives himself of the great priviledge of injoying that Jubile which is reserv'd as the great and special favour of Nature for Old Men only , whereby in the last Scene of their Lives , they are at length emancipated from the impetuosities of Lust , which like a ravenous Beast worried them all the time of their Youth Night and Day : For the full satisfaction of these Appetites , can no way compensate for that long train of Miseries that either accompany or follow it . And so much for the Regimen . But though Rules of this kind respecting Diet and the other Regimen , if they are carefully observ'd by those that are subject to the Gout , may preserve them from violent Fits of it , and may restore that strength to the Blood and Solid parts ▪ whereby they may be freed from the many Miseries , on which account this Disease exceeds Humane Patience , and at length becomes Mortal ; yet after some intervals , especially at the latter end of Winter , they will be sometimes seiz'd with the Gout ▪ for though in the Summer-time , when the tone and vigour of the Blood is excited and preserv'd in its state by the heat of the Sun , and there is likewise a due Elimination of the Humours through the Pores , 't is reasonable to suppose , that the Concoctions should proceed much better than in the Winter ; yet when Winter approaches , the strength of the Blood being lessen'd , and the perspiration through the Pores hinder'd , there must needs be a great heap of indigested Matter , which by its long continuance causes a Fit , as soon as occasion is offer'd , either by the Humours put into Motion by the Patients so near approach to the Sun , or by drinking of Wine , or by violent Exercise , or any other evident cause . 'T is manifest from what has been said , that he that endeavours to cure this Disease , ought to make it his business to change the habit of his whole Body , and to restore its old Constitution , as much as Age and other Circumstances will permit , which must be endeavour'd in the Spaces betwixt the Fits ; not when the Fits are on , for when the Fomes is not only generated , but now is cast upon the Joint , 't is too late to strive to change it , or to cast it out any other way , for 't is to be ejected by no other method than Nature shews , wherein alone we must acquiesce ; which is observ'd in the Fits of Agues , and for which-reason we do nothing till the heat is over : Nor is he more absurd , that is anxiously busied about taking off the heat , drouth and restlefness , and other Symptoms of these Fevers , than he that thinks he has cur'd the Gout , when he has only labour'd to restrain the Symptoms ; for by this means he has only made the cure of it more difficult ; for the more he eases the Pain , the more he obstructs the Concoction of the Humours , and the more he takes off the Lameness , the more he hinders the expulsion of the Morbifick Matter . Moreover the more the fury and the sharpness of the Fit is suppress'd , 't will not only last longer , but the space betwixt the Fits will also be shorter , and less free from every degree of the Symptoms which accompany this Disease ; which no one will deny that has well consider'd what I have treated of above concerning the History of this Disease . But now though no great Matter must be attempted during the Fit , only the removing those Symptoms , which a false method of cure sometimes occasions , yet seeing all allow that this Disease proceeds from an abundance and an exuberancy of Humours , it may perhaps be convenient for the Patient to abstain from Flesh for some Days when he 's first seiz'd , and instead of it , to use Simple Barly Broth , or some such kind of Food , which sort of thin Diet conduces much towards the lessening the Morbifick Matter , and will give Nature an opportunity to digest it sooner . But forasmuch as there 's a vast difference betwixt the Body of one Person and another , some not bearing abstinence from Flesh , but by reason of it are seiz'd with a confusion of the Animal Spirits , with Fainting , and other Symptoms which are wont to befal Women that are subject to Hysterical Fits , these People are injur'd if they forbear Flesh any longer than their Stomachs loath it , which seldom lasts beyond the first or second day of the particular Fits , all which join'd together as I mention'd above , make a whole Fit ; but whether any one eat Flesh sooner or later , great care must be taken , that they eat no more during the Fit than is necessary to sustain Nature . Nor is less care to be taken about the quality of the Diet ; for as in the intervals of the Fits , so more especially when the Fit is present , the Sick ought to take the greatest care , that he don't at all err in the quality or quantity of his Meat or Drink . And moreover , more than ordinary care must be taken in observing every other Regimen , as well as this in the intervals ; and though the pain as well as the unfitness for motion , may seem to contraindicate Exercise which I have commended above all others things , yet this labour must be undertaken . For though at the beginning of the Fit it may seem impossible that the Sick should bear to be carried into a Coach , and to be sure he 's much less able to bear the motion of it , and yet if he try it , he will soon perceive that he 's less pain'd by such a motion , than when he keeps at Home in his Chair . And moreover he has this advantage , if he ride some Hours in his Coach , in the Morning , and after Dinner , that whereas when he sat at Home all day , he lay awak'd the greatest part of the Night , now he can sleep away the pain a great part of the Night ; for very moderate Exercise does so weary a Gouty Man , that he falls asleep : And besides the same Exercise does somewhat prevent the Stone , which an easie Life most commonly occasions . But what is most considerable , the total impotence of the Limbs for motion , is help'd by constant Exercise , which happens to many after the First or Second Fit , the Tendons of the Hams and Heels being contracted ; for when by reason of the tormenting Pain they have allow'd themselves to lye still a long time ( being unwilling to extend their Legs when the Pain has seiz'd their Knees , ) at length they are depriv'd of the motion of their Legs and Feet all the rest of their Lives , as well when the Fits are off , as when they are on , for they are not freed from them . Furthermore in Old Men , whose Concoctions are much vitiated , and who by reason the Disease has afflicted them many Years , have as it were the very substance of their Bodies turn'd to the Gout , 't is not to be hop'd that the Disease without Exercise , can ever be brought to Digestion ; for when the Disease is too strong for Nature , they often dye by Fainting and Sickness , which the abundance of the furniture for the Disease that can't be concocted produces , and they are destroy'd by this matter , that can't be concocted as by Poyson . But notwithstanding what has been said of the Utility of Exercise in the Fits of the Gout , yet if the Sick by reason of the violence of the Fit , is as it were overwhelm'd presently by the first assault of it , ( which happens to those for the most part in whom the Gout has now come to its height , nor is yet grown gentle by a course of many Years , ) in this case if the Sick is confin'd to his Chamber , 't will also be convenient that he keep his Bed for some of the first Days , 'till the violence of the Pain is abated , for the Bed does somewhat supply the want of Exercise , for the continual use of it does more powerfully digest the Morbifick Matter in a few Days , than keeping up in many , especially at the beginning of the Disease , if the Sick can abstain from Flesh without Fainting or other ill Symptoms , and can be contented only with Barly Broth , Small Beer , and the like . But we must take notice that if the Gout is inveterate , and inclines the Sick to Fainting , Gripes , a Looseness , and such kind of Symptoms , he will scarce avoid being destroy'd by one of the Fits , if he don't use Exercise in a free and open Air : For a great many Gouty People have perish'd by these Symptoms , to whom they have been obnoxious by being confin'd to their Chambers , and especially to their Beds ; whereas had they bore the fategue of riding in a Coach the greatest part of the Day , they had not died so soon . For though he that is troubled with Pain only in one of his Limbs , may confine himself to his Chamber , yet another that instead of violent Pain is afflicted ▪ with Sickness , and the other foresaid Symptoms , should he do the same , wou'd endanger his Life ; and indeed 't is well for the Sick when the pain is so violent , that he can't bear motion , for then there 's no great need of it , the very pain which is the bitterest Remedy in nature , securing his Life . But as to the Symptoms of the Gout , we must apply our selves to those whereby the Life of the Patient is indanger'd ; the debility and faintness of the Stomach , with Gripes of the Belly as from Wine , is the most frequent of these which befalls those who either have been subject to the Gout many Years , or those who though they have not been long afflicted with it , have notwithstanding invited this mischief too early , by suddenly changing Spirituous Liquors for those that are thin and much cooling , or by applying repelling Plasters , and other cooling Medicines to the Parts affected , to asswage the Pain ; upon which account the material cause of the Disease which ought to have been put off upon the Joints , is cast upon the Bowels . I have tried many things for the Fits of the last Years to lessen this Symptom ; but nothing did so much good as a small Draught of Canary Wine taken now and then , when the Sickness and Faintness afflicts the Sick : Nor is Red French Wine , nor Venice Treacle , nor any other Cordial thing which I have yet known , so effectual . But we must imagine that neither this Wine , nor any other Cordial if Exercise be not us'd , can wholly preserve the Patient . But if any great Symptom scarce bearing a Truce comes suddenly by reason of the striking in of the Gouty Matter , and threatens Death , we must neither trust to the Wine , nor to the Exercise above commended ; but in this case , if it does not fall upon the Head , but upon the Natural or Vital Parts , we must presently fly to Laudanum , namely , give Twenty Drops of Liquid Laudanum , mix'd with a small Draught of Epidemick Water , and let the Patient compose himself to rest in his Bed. But if the Matter occasioning the Gout produces a Diarrhaea , because 't is not yet cast upon the Limbs , if it be not the Crisis of a particular Fit , and if notwithstanding Laudanum above commended , and Exercise of all sorts , ( for this must be first used for the Cure of the Diarrhaea , ) the Looseness continues , accompanied with Sickness and Gripes , there 's only one Remedy that I know of , viz. to provoke Sweat , by a Method and Medicines design'd for this use , which if it be done Two or Three Days , Morning and Evening , for Two or Three Hours at a time , it most commonly stops the Looseness , and forces the Fomes of the Disease upon the Limbs . I cur'd my self by this Method some Years ago , after I had imprudently cast my self into this Disease by Drinking Water for my ordinary Drink , when I had us'd Cardiack and Astringent Medicines of various sorts in vain . There is another Symptom not so frequent , though I have seen it divers times , viz. a translation of the ●eccant Matter upon the Lobes of the Lungs , when a Winter Cough by reason of Cold taken in the time of the Fit , has by degrees drawn the Matter upon the Lungs , the Limbs in the mean while being wholly or almost freed from the Pain and Swelling , by reason of the translation of the Morbifick Matter upon another region ; in this one case the curative indication is not to be directed to the Gout , but this Symptom is to be treated as a true Peripneumonia , viz. by Bleeding repeated , and Cooling and Thickening Remedies and Diet ; for the Blood drawn in this Symptom especially , is exactly like the Blood of Pleuriticks . Moreover the Sick must be Purged betwixt the Bleedings , whereby the Filth that 's fallen upon the Lungs may be carried off . But Sweating how powerful soever 't is in forcing the Fomes of the Disease upon the Limbs , does hurt in this case , by hardening the Matter that 's thrust upon the Lungs ; upon which account small abscesses are generated , and at length the Sick certainly dies . Moreover 't is to be noted , that almost all Gouty People , when they have conflicted a long while with this Disease , are subject to the Stone of the Kidnies ; and that they are wont to be troubled with Nephretick Pains , either in the state , but most commonly at the declination of a general Fit , which don 't only torture him much , but also weakens him much , whereas he was but too much weaken'd and worn out before . In this case , setting aside all other Medicines , let him presently take a Gallon of Posset-Drink , wherein ℥ ij of the Roots of Marsh Mallows has been boyl'd , and let the following Clyster be injected . Take of the Roots of Marsh-Mallows , and Lillies , each ℥ i , of the Leaves of Mallows , Pellitory of the Wall , Bears Breach , and of the Flowers of Chamomel , each M i , of Flax and Fennugreek Seeds , each ℥ ss , boil them in a S. Q. of Water to lb iss , dissolve in the straining of Brown Sugar and Syrup of Marsh-Mallows , each ℥ ij , mingle them , and make a Clyster . As soon as he has render'd all the Posset-Drink by Vomiting , and has rejected the Clyster , let him take a large Dose of Liquid Laudanum , viz. to xxv Drops , or xv Grains of Mathew's Pill . If any one inquires for External Remedies to ease the Pain of the Gout , I have hitherto known none , ( though I have tried many in my self and others , ) excepting things meerly cooling and repelling , the use whereof I have shew'd above is dangerous . And I considently affirm , that the greatest part of those who have perished in the Gout , have not so properly been kill'd by the Disease , as by an improper use of Medicines . But if any one will try the vertue of External Remedies , which are certainly accounted Anodines , don't let him impose upon himself , by applying them at the declination of a particular Fit , at which time the Pain is about to cease of it self ; but rather let him use them at the beginning of a Fit , and then he will soon perceive how fruitless they are , and how vain his hopes . For indeed these Epithems may do hurt sometimes , but they can never do any good . For which reason I have us'd no External Remedies many Years . The Pultis made with White Bread and Saffron boil'd in Milk , adding Oyl of Roses in small quantity , did heretofore do me more good than other things , and yet this signified nothing at the beginning of the Fit. Therefore if the pain be very violent , 't will be better for the Sick to keep himself a Bed , 'till the Pain is a little abated , than to use external Anodines . But 't will not be amiss to take a little Laudanum in the Evening , if the Pain is intollerable , otherwise 't will be better to omit it . But seeing I am now speaking of External Remedies , I must say something of the Indian Moss , call'd Moxa , greatly esteem'd of late for the cure of the Gout , if it be burnt a little upon the part affected . Though this kind of Remedy is said to be receiv'd from the Oriental Indians , being wholly unknown by the Europeans ▪ yet 't will appear to be known among us many Ages , to him that shall consult the Writings of Hippocrates , published above Two Thousand Years ago . He says in his Excellent Treatise of Diseases , That if the Pain continues obstiuate in any one part , and can't be expell'd by Medicines , in what ever part it is , you must burn it with crude Flax. And afterwards speaking of the Gout , he says , the same things are good , which are proper in the Diseases of the Joints ; and indeed this Disease is long and grievous , but not deadly . But if the Pain remains in the Fingers , burn the Veins in the Fingers , above the Joints , with crude Flax. Now I suppose no one will think that there 's any Specifick difference betwixt the Flame rais'd by Flax , or by this Indian Moss , no more than he can suppose that a Fire kindled with pieces of Oak , can do any thing more than the Wood of the Ash-Tree . This Burning of the part affected may be useful for mitigating the Pain , the most Spirituous part of the Morbifick Matter cast off upon the Joints , being drawn out by it ; but the benefit obtain'd by this means , forasmuch as it does not any way cure Indigestion , the antecedent cause of the Gout must needs be very short and fading , and to be used only when the Gout is beginning . For when the Gout , as it sometimes happens , is turn'd inward , either by its long Continuance , or by an unseasonable and undue use of Medicines , and so afflicts the Patient rather with Sickness , Gripes , and a great many other Symptoms of this kind than with Pain , I suppose no one will think that Fire is to be used . CHAP. V. Of the Bloody Urine from the Stone in the Kidnies . THough it may seem imprudent to publish an Observation , whereof I have had only experience in my self , yet I suppose no unprejudic'd Person will be angry with me , who have been so much and so long troubled with a Bloody Urine , occasion'd by the Stone in the Kidnies , for commiserating those that are afflicted with the same Disease , and for discovering those Remedies that have eas'd me ; though they are vulgar perhaps , and lightly accounted of . In the Year 1660 , the Gout seiz'd me more violently , and continued longer than ever ; and when on this account I lay'd continually for Two Months in the Summer-time , either in or upon a soft Bed ; towards the latter end of the Fit I began to feel a dull and heavy pain , especially in my left Kidney , and sometimes , though rarely , in my right . And when I recover'd from the Gout , yet notwithstanding the Pain of the Kidnies remain'd , which made me fear the Stone , though the Pain was not at all Acute , but tollerable enough ; for I had not yet had a Nephretick Fit , which is accompanied with violent Pain , stretching it self through the Passage of the Ureters , and with violent Vomiting . But though these signs of the Stone in the Kidnies did not appear , yet I had good reason to believe , that I had a large Stone in the Pelvis of the Kidnies , which because 't was too large to pass into the Passage of the Ureters , did not occasion the foresaid Symptoms . And many Years after I found I was not mistaken ; for when in the Winter , 1676 , presently after the breaking of a violent Frost , I had walk'd much and a long time , I immediately render'd Urine mix'd with Blood , and so I did as often as I walk'd much , or rode in a Coach in Pav'd Streets , though the Horses went gently ; but this did not happen to me , how far so ever I travell'd in the great Roads that are not pav'd The Urine that I voided then , though it look'd terrible as I render'd it , almost like pure Blood , yet soon after 't was limpid and like it self at the top , the Blood clodding by it self at the bottom . For the cure of this Disease , I bled largely in the Arm , and after general Purges , I us'd cooling and incrassating Medicines of various kinds , and a Diet agreeable to these things , and carefully avoided Acid and Acrid and Attenuating Liquors . But these and many other things which it would be tedious to mention , doing no good , and fearing to provoke the Stone forward , which I suspected was too big to be expell'd by Chalybeat Waters , at length I left off all hopes of doing any good by them , and chiefly because I had observ'd , that some Old Men of my acquaintance had hasten'd their end , while they were attempting in vain to cure this Disease by such Remedies . Wherefore I resolv'd to try no more , only by avoiding as much as I cou'd the motion of the Body , to prevent this Disease . But at length considering how wonderfully some praise the Lithontriptick Vertue of the Seed of the Ash-Tree , I imagin'd that if the Seed of it had so much Vertue , 't was very probable that the Manna of the Ash , shou'd have more ; that as the Excellent Botanist Mr. Ray , and many other Writers say , not being airy Hony or coelestial Dew , but rather a Liquor sweating out of the Leaves , the Trunk and Branches of Ash-Trees in Calabria ; the Truth whereof , was confirm'd to Mr. Ray , ( when he travel'd Italy , ) by a Learned Physician , who oft-ten gather'd Manna from the Branches and Leaves , when they were exactly cover'd with Linen Cloaths ▪ See Ray's Catalogue of English Plants . Therefore being about to make the Experiment , I drank ℥ ijss of Manna dissolv'd in lb ij of Whey , swallowing now and then a little of the Juice of Lemons , while I was purging , to quicken this Cathartick , which us'd to work slowly , and to render it more pleasing to the Stomach . It can scarce be said how much Ease I receiv'd about the Region of the Reins , by the use of this Remedy ; for tho' before they did not alwas ake , yet they were affected with a heavy and troublesome Pain . And because it succeeded so well with me , I took the same Cathartick on a set Day once a Week , for some Months ; and after every Purge , I plainly found my self better and could bear the shaking of a Coach when it went fast , and was indeed wholly freed from this Symptom till the last Spring , at the approach whereof , having been miserably afflicted with the Gout all the foregoing Winter , and by reason of my unfitness for motion , having liv'd without Exercise more than I us'd to do , the Bloody Urine return'd again ; and now I doubted whether I shou'd betake my self again to purging , because of late years , the whole substance of my Body being as it were , turn'd into the Fomes of the Gout , the gentlest Purge did most certainly occasion a Fit of the Gout ; at length I consider'd , that if I gave a Paregorick every Night after purging , to quiet the Tumult the Purge had rais'd , I might safely resume my old method of taking Manna once a Week . Therefore in the Morning I took ℥ ijss of Manna in lb ij of Whey , and in the Evening xvi of liquid Laudanum in Small-Beer , repeating the Manna and Laudanum in the said manner , twice a Week for Three Weeks ; afterwards I us'd the Manna only once a Week , the Filth of the Humours being so copiously discharg'd by the Cathartick , that the Gout was not greatly to be fear'd , and my reason telling me , that if the Manna was endow'd with any Faculty that is dissolving , or any other way Lithontriptic , to be sure the Vertue and Efficacy of the Remedy I trusted in , wou'd be somewhat lessen'd by such an astringent Medicine as Laudanum is ; and therefore I thought it better to omit the Hypnotic , seeing I purg'd only once a Week . I continued this method some Months , always purging of the same day of the Week ; nor wou'd I break this Custom , upon any account whatever . Tho' the pain of the Back remitted after the first Dose of this Remedy as formerly , yet soon after purging repeated , made the Gout appear , threatning War sometimes in the Limbs , and sometimes in the Bowels ; but Laudanum strongly repress'd these Motions of the Disease : And this method succeeding well hitherto , I thought I ought to continue it , both to prevent the return of the Bloody Urine , and to lessen somewhat the Matter that generates the Stone , which answer'd according to my desire , this Hemorrhage wholly vanishing from the time I first publish'd this Treatise , and therefore I quite left off the Manna . Therefore as to purging , ( if there is a Bloody Urine , and if Manna be only us'd according to the method above deliver'd ) I must retract my opinion which I publish'd concerning the Gout , viz. that 't is no way fit that People subject to the Gout , shou'd be purg'd either at the beginning , or at the declination , or in the Intervals of the Fit. For then it did not come into my Mind , that the Fit occasion'd by the Purge , cou'd be restrain'd , by giving an Hypnotic at Night . Yet with respect only to the Gout , all Evacuations do much hurt , and therefore are not to be admitted , unless the foresaid Symptom requires the use of them . I will add these things concerning the Regimen and manner of Diet , which seems to me , proper for those that are troubl'd with either of these Diseases ; for I wou'd by no means pass by any thing that may be of use to those that are afflicted with the same Diseases I am . In the Morning when I rise , I drink a Dish or Two of Tea , and then ride in my Coach till Noon ; when I return home , I moderately refresh my self with any sort of Meat of easie Digestion that I like ; ( for Moderation is necessary above all things ) presently after Dinner every day , I drink somewhat more than a quarter of a Pint of Canary Wine , to promote the Concoction of the Meat in my Stomach , and to drive the Gout from my Bowels : When I have dined , I betake my self to my Coach again , and when I have leisure , I ride into the Country Two or Three Miles for good Air. A Draught of Small-Beer , is to me instead of a Supper , and I take another Draught when I am in Bed and about to compose my self to Sleep , that by this Julap I may cool and dilute the hot and acrid Juices lodg'd in the Kidnies , whereof the Stone is generated . And I prefer at this time , and at Dinner-time , Small-Beer that has Hops in it , before that which has none . For tho' that which is not hopt , is smoother and softer , and so fitter to carry off the Stone from the Kidnies , yet that which is hopt , by reason of the stiptic quality which the Hops impart to it , is not so apt to generate sandy and stony Matter , as that which is not hopt ; the Substance whereof , is more viscous and slimy . I take care to go to Bed early , especially in Winter , than which nothing is better to render the Concoctions perfect , and likewise to preserve that Form and Order which of right , belongs to Nature . Whereas on the contrary , Night-works lessen all the Concoctions of Old Men that labour with any Chronical Disease , and dangerously wound their Vital Principle . And to prevent a Bloody Urine by reason of the Stone , I take great care that as often as I am to ride a long way upon the Stones , ( for if I travel never so far in a Coach in the common Roads , I receive no damage ) to drink a large Draught of Small-Beer before I go into the Coach , and also before my Return , if I have been abroad a pretty while , whereby I secure my self very well from the Bloody Urine . But as to the Gout , I will add this one thing , of late Years by reason of some Errors about the Six Non-naturals , the Gouty Matter sometimes strikes in , the Signs whereof are violent Sickness with Vomiting , and some pain of the Belly , the Limbs in the mean while are suddenly free from Pain , and more fit for motion than is usual . In this case I drink a Gallon of Posset-Drink , or Small Beer , and as soon as 't is all rejected by Vomiting , I drink a small Draught of Canary Wine , with Eighteen Drops of Liquid Laudanum in it to compose me to rest ; and by this means I have divers times rescued my self from imminent Death . Though perhaps it may seem ridiculous , ( especially for one who 's being well or dead , is scarce of any consequence , ) to make such frequent mention of one's self , yet these things are said , to the intent others may be benefited thereby , whose Lives or Health are of greater value or moment . Lastly , 't is to be noted into what great danger some that are afflicted with the Gout and Stone cast themselves , by taking unadvisedly Manna dissolv'd in Purging Mineral Waters ; for though when 't is taken this way , it works quicker , and is not so nauseous , yet these little Conveniencies can't equal an Injury occasion'd by the Waters on another account . For if the Stone in the Kidnies is so large , that it can't pass through the passage of the Ureters into the Bladder , these Waters most commonly occasion a Fit , which indures to the great hazard of the Patient's Life , till the Stone returns into the Pelvis . Nor can the Sick safely venture upon Chalybeat Waters , unless he can can certainly know first that the Stone is not so large , but that it may either find or make a way through the Ureters , which so far as I understand , can be known only certainly this way ; viz. If before he has been seiz'd with a Nephritick Fit , ( with violent pain in either of the Reins , stretching it self through the passages of the Ureters with violent Vomiting , ) he has found that there is not so properly a large Stone in the Pelvis , as a heap of small Stones , whereof one will now and then fall into the Ureter , and so cause a Fit , which does not go off 'till the Stone is thrust down into the Bladder . When the case is so , there 's no more effectual Remedy , either to prevent the increase of small Stones , or to drive them from the Reins , than the Drinking freely of Chalybeat Waters a long while every Summer . But because it often happens , that one is seiz'd with a Nephritick Fit , when these Mineral Waters are not to be got , or when the Season of the Year is not favourable for drinking of them . In this case you must proceed in that short Method for the Stone in the Kidnies , mention'd at the latter end of the foregoing Chapter . But if the Sick is of a Sanguine Constitution , and not Antient , ℥ x of Blood must be first taken from the Arm of the same side with the affected Kidney . But Old Men worn out by some Chronical Disease , and Old Women subject to Vapours , ( especially if at the beginning they void a black and Sandy Urine , ) must not bleed ; but as to other things , they must proceed wholly according to the Method now deliver'd . But to return to the Stone when 't is large , the business in Hand , if the Nephritick Person was never seiz'd with a Fit of the Stone , that being too large to fall out of the Pelvis , Iron Waters can't be us'd for Reasons above-mention'd , without present danger . Nor does the use of Mineral Waters prove better in Gouty People , if they are old , as they are most commonly , and of a Weak and Phlegmatick habit of Body , for in these the strengh of Nature is so much lessen'd , that 't is greatly to be fear'd that such a quantity of Water may wholly overwhelm it . But whether this is the cause of the Injury that falls upon Men of such a habit of Body or Constitution or not , I am sure many whose Bodies have been much broken by this Disease , have been kill'd by these Waters . FINIS . Publish'd by the same Author , and Sold by Henry Bonwicke at the Red Lion in St. Paul's Church-Yard , COllections of Acute Diseases , in Five Parts : 1. Of the Small Pox and Measles . 2. Of the Plague and Pestilential Fevers . 3. Of Continual Fevers . 4. Of Agues , a Pleurify , Peripneumonia , Quinsey , and the Cholera Morbus . 5. And last , Of the Bloody-Flux , Miscarriage , of Acute Diseases of Women with Child , a Rheumatism , Bleeding at Nose , Apoplexy , Lethargy , and of several other Diseases . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A53910-e3190 The Cure. The Hysterick Colick . 
A62438	----	Ortho-methodoz itro-chymikē: or the direct method of curing chymically Wherein is conteined [sic] the original matter, and principal agent of all natural bodies. Also the efficient and material cause of diseases in general. Their therapeutick way and means. I. Diætetical, by rectifying eating, drinking, &c. II. Pharmaceutick. 1. By encreasing and supporting the vital spirits. 2. By pacifying and indulging them. 3. By defacing or blotting out the idea of diseases by proper specificks. Lastly, by removing the extimulating or occasional cause of maladies. To which is added, The art of midwifery chymically asserted. The character of an ortho-cymist, and pseudochymist. A description of the sanative virtues of our stomach-essence. Also, giawo-mempsiz: or a just complaint of the method of the Galenists. By George Thomson, M.D. Thomson, George, 17th cent. 1675 Approx. 278 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 108 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-08 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A62438 Wing T1029 ESTC R222195 99833411 99833411 37887 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A62438) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 37887) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 2199:04) Ortho-methodoz itro-chymikē: or the direct method of curing chymically Wherein is conteined [sic] the original matter, and principal agent of all natural bodies. Also the efficient and material cause of diseases in general. Their therapeutick way and means. I. Diætetical, by rectifying eating, drinking, &c. II. Pharmaceutick. 1. By encreasing and supporting the vital spirits. 2. By pacifying and indulging them. 3. By defacing or blotting out the idea of diseases by proper specificks. Lastly, by removing the extimulating or occasional cause of maladies. To which is added, The art of midwifery chymically asserted. The character of an ortho-cymist, and pseudochymist. A description of the sanative virtues of our stomach-essence. Also, giawo-mempsiz: or a just complaint of the method of the Galenists. By George Thomson, M.D. Thomson, George, 17th cent. [14], 220 [i.e.200] p. printed for B. Billingsley at the Printing-press in Cornhill, & S. Crouch at the upper end of Popes-Head-Alley, London : 1675. With errata at foo of A8v. P. 200 misnumbered p. 220. Copy tightly bound. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Early works to 1800. Medicine -- Early works to 1800. 2004-02 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-05 Rachel Losh Sampled and proofread 2004-05 Rachel Losh Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion ορθο-μιθοδοσ ιατ●-χεμικη OR THE DIRECT METHOD OF Curing Chymically . Wherein is conteined the Original Matter , and Principal Agent of all Natural Bodies . ALSO The Efficient and Material Cause of Diseases in General . Their Therapeutick Way and Means . I. Diaetetical , by Rectifying Eating , Drinking , &c. II. Pharmaceutick . 1. By Encreasing and supporting the Vital Spirits . ● . By Pacifying and Indulging them . 3. By Defacing or Blotting out the Idea of Diseases by Proper Specificks . Lastly , By removing the Extimulating or Occasional Cause of Maladies . To which is added , The ART of MIDWIFERY Chymically Asserted . The CHARACTER of an ORTHO-CHYMIST , And PSEVDO CHYMIST . A Description of the Sanative Virtues of our STOMACH-ESSENCE . Also , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : or a Just Complaint of the METHOD of the GALENISTS . By GEORGE THOMSON , M. D. Plurimi Morbi cedunt per Simplicia : ●st ubi Morbus in Gradum surrexit altiora exiguntur Remedia . V. Helm . London , Printed for B. Billingsley at the Printing-press in Cornhill , & S. Crouch at the upper end of Popes-Head-Alley . 1675. The Epistle Dedicatory To the Most Illustrious PRINCE RUPERT , DVKE of Cumberland , EARL of Holderness , KNIGHT of the most Noble Order of the Garter , and one of His MAIESTIE 'S most Honourable Privy Councel , &c. May it please your Highness , IT was once my Happyness in the late Wars to be under the MARTIAL CONDUCT of your Renowned BROTHER , PRINCE MAVRICE , Beloved by all Loyal Generous Spirits for his Valour and Prudence . Now I bless the Heavens that promise me the Benevolent Aspect of your Candid Mercurial Genius upon these Chymical Labours , which I humbly present to the View of your Piercing Eye , most able to make an In pection into the Verity of Things arising from Pyrotechnie and Manufacture . My Thoughts did heretofore seem to be settled never to Dedicate , for the future , a Writing of mine to any whomsoever : yea , I had continued in that mind , to expose Truth abroad solitary to shift for it self ( conceiving it best able to maintain her own Propriety ) but that hearing it frequently discoursed in most Company I met with ; how ardently your Highness was devoted to serve the Nation for Publick Good : What a Philomathes and Philalethes , Sincere Lover and Defender you were of Essential Truths and Ingenious Arts in General , especially Mechanical Pyrotechnical Operations , an Assertor of Experimental Optical and Sensible Effects , Fruits and Products of things , and that for this Reason you had an extraordinary Kindness for our most Excellent Philosopher Van Helmont , your Country-man ; I fortwith , affected with these Rare Endowments , altered my former Intentions , resolving now to make my Address to such a Mecaenas ( for the discussion of these our Chymical Problemes by Fact ) whose Head is known to be endowed with Subtil Inventions , Indefatigable Inquiry after Rarities and Arcana's , whose Heart is full of Integrity , Heroick Designs , Magnanimity , and Hands most active in contriving Exquisite Works , and Daedalean Mechanicks . Wherefore , Truly Noble SIR , be pleased to accept of this Oblation , which hath its chief Original from Pyrotechnie ; And according as you find it bear the Test Entertain or Reject it . The Sum of this Physical Tract is a Practical Discovery of the Notable Errours of the Galenists , Avouching that their Principles in Physiologie are False ; that they are Ignorant of the Quiddity , Essence , or the True Radical Essential Cause of all Diseases : That they are grosly to seek in the Direct Method or shortest Way of Curing them : That the Indications or Measures they take from Heat and Cold , applicating upon that ground ( according to the Rule of Contraries ) their Indicata or Remedies are both Fraudulent , and Pestilent to Mortals . That their Unacquaintance with the Synth●sis or Constitution of the Vital Spirit , the Cause of its Rage and Perturbation from somthing very offensive to it ( wherepon the Image of a Disease is delineated ) is the Reason why they thus neglect to support Nature as they ought , to allay its Tempests , to deface Morbisick Idea's by Specificks . Lastly , being altogether Occupied about the Cutting off the Accidents Qualities , Epigenomena , Symptoms and Products of Evils , by Bleeding and Purging , they are insufficient to Cure Directly , Immediately and Radically any great Malignant Feaver , Pleurisie , &c. The Boon I beg of your Highness is , not to suffer the Truth to be abused through the Collusions , Sophistical Evasions , Equivocations , Supplantations , Scurrilous Language and Affronts of our Antagonists : but that there may be a plain Judicious Determination of these Controversies according to the clear Evidence of Fact , and the Reality of Experiments : For which the Genuine Professors of this Philosophical Chymical Art will be bound to Celebrate your Praises to all Posterity . Your Highness Faithful Servant , George Thomson . THE EPISTLE TO THE READER . Dear Countrey-man , IF thou beest a hearty Lover of truth , and a Solid Genuine English-man , no Phantastical Affecter of the Levity of this Age , enter upon the Reading of this Treatise without Prejudice or Partiality : Having perused it , give the World freely thy Iudgment concerning it . Object what thou canst ( like a Candid Philalethes , no Caviller , or Wrangler ) but still let thy most rectified Reason , and firm Experience be as inseparable as Hippocrates his Twins , always giving place to the Latter . If thou censure me harshly , not giving me leave to clear my self by the assured Evidence of Action , I shall absolutely deny thee to be one , called a Virtuosi pretend it never so much ) or a Friend to the Lord Bacon . Here is no Hot , Fruitless Disputation about things Indifferent in Religion . No subtil Pleading by Covin , or Collusion , as often happens in the Law. Nothing Historical , or Traditional to be subscribed to for Antiquity , or Authority sake . Here is no deceitful Conclusions , or Captious Argumentations fitting for the Schools : Nor Acribology an exact discussion of Matters , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 little Serviceable or Vseful in the General , becoming some Virtuosi at this day . No Logomachie , an Idle Velitation , or Contention about Words , the Exercise of Pedanticks : But in this Enchiridium is cortained that which will Teach you directly to enjoy Health of Body , and , Consequently , more Integrity and Clarity of Mind : For , Animi Actiones Spirituum Synthesin , Eupathiam vel Dyspathiam Eutoniam vel Atoniam sequuntur . By this means you will Learn to be Cautious , how you impair Nature , either for the present , or future , by the false Method of Bleeding , Caco-stomachick Purging , &c. If you be capable to receive this Doctrine , not onely your self , but your Posterity will fare the better . By Virtue of this Goddess Sanity , thou mayst Atchieve Noble Exploits , either keeping off , or bearing more Couragiously all the Adverse strokes of Fortune ; enjoying hereby a far more Happy Life in the Lowest Condition , than they in the most Prosperous State , Tormented with the Stone , Gout , &c. In this Paper I Counsel thee to keep up thy Spirits ( the Principal Efficient Cause of Health and Sickness ) by multiplying them with what is most nigh their Texture , by Pacifying their Rage and Fury with pleasing Objects , indulging their frowardness , gratifying their Ardent Appetite , Illuminating their obscurity . Next , I put thee upon the search of proper Specificks , having a Dowry bestowed upon them able to fully , marr , or quite expunge the Idea , or Image of a Disease . Lastly , I give Directions how to Banish , Exterminate , Exclude through the Proper door with Euphorie , and Benefit succeeding that Irritating , Aculeating , Peccant Matter , which causes those manifold Tumults and Disorders in the Archeus of the Microcosin . All which is to be performed without wronging the Ferments , or Altering the Instruments of any shop of Digestion , especially the first . In avouching these substantial Verities , thou mayst , perhaps conceive , I have too severely reprehended the Galenists , to the Eclipsing the Illustrious Fame of such Learned Clerks , whom both Great and Small in all Ages have Admired . To which I reply , I am fully satisfied within my own Breast , that I have in no wise wronged them ( although they have me often-times ) in laying to their Charge what they are not guilty of , being ready upon all fair Opportunities , to demonstrate what I have here declared . Besides , so weighty and Precious is the Praedicate , or Subject we handle , that it would be an Offence more hainous in me above others , Indangering my Immortal Part , if Conscious what Slaughter of Mankind is daily made by their Pseudo-Method of Curing , I should be silent , Indulge , Connive at , Extenuate , or Palliate such Capital Crimes : This considered , with their delight in the darkness of Galenical Falsities ; also their Active , Obstinate Ignorance : Now , when the splendid Beams of Chymical Truth appear , they deserve to be handled with far greater Rigour than I have expressed . I wish my Antagonists would behave themselves as Candidly , and Ingenuously to me as I to them , they would soon find me alter from an Acid to an Alkali Nature ; from a Tart , to a sweet Disposition . If they would please to put me to the Tryal , they will find me really what I profess , a Lover of my King and Countrey , upon the Foundation of Verity and Virtue ; a Hater of Vice , Debauchery , Lewdness , all Irreligion in any whatsoever ; a Resolute Promoter , to my Power , of all good Arts and Sciences , especially that of Healing Man's Infirmities ; a Defender of Learning , and an Admirer of great Abilities and Integrity . Farewel , expecting , as soon as I can get it well Printed , a Tract in Latine , viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 De Splenectomia . Lithocolo & Loimotomiae Synopsi . Novemb. 4. 1674. From my House at Soper-Lane , alias Queen-street , in Well-Court , nigh Cheapside . Geo. Thomson . An Explanation of Some Terms of Art. CHymist , is one who imitates Nature in the Separating the Pure Juice from the Dross and ●ilth for the use of Medicine Mechanicks , and the ●dvancement of Mettals , Spagyrist is the same . Therapeutick , i. e. a Healing Faculty . Iatrical , pertaining to Physick , Healing . Chymicophant , one who seems to be a Chymist , but is not really . Philomathes , a Lover of Learning . Philalethes , a Lover of Truth . Caco-stomachick , hurtful to the Stomach . Pyrotechnist , in general any Workman by the Fire , in particular , by way of Excellency a Chymist . Pharmaceutick , Physick which Cureth by Medicines . Ortho-method , a direct upright short way . Ortho-chymist , the True Artist . Pseudo-chymist , the ●alse . Physiologie the Reason of the Nature of Things , and a Searching into their Cause . Idea , the Figure , Seal or Pattern of things conceived in the Imagination . The Idea of a Disease is the Essence of it . Archeus of Paracel . and Enormon of Hippo. is the Seminal Vital Spirit , the Principal Impetuous Agent , or Spiritual Contriver and Supporter of every Thing , the Arch Preeminent Author of Health and Sickness . Gas , is a wild invisible Spirit , not to be imprisoned or pent up , without damage of what conteins it , arising from the Fermentation of the Concourse of some Bodies , as it were eructating or rasping this untamable Matter . Thermologists and Psychrologists , are they who principally treat of Heat and Cold , neglecting Essential Properties . Ferment ( according to Van Helm . ) is a Formal Ens , neither Substance , nor Accident , but Neutral as Light , Fire , &c. stored or laid up from the beginning of the World in certain determinate places , for the preparing and exciting the Seeds o● Things . It carries some Allusion or Similitude wit● the Leaven or Ferment , Bakers or Bruers use , whic● is of a Contagious Diffusive Odour , Rarefying● Dissolving Nature , rousing up the Spirit to fall t● action , to Digest and make Separation . Alkali , is properly a Salt from the Herb Kali● Potash . any Lixjviate Salt extracted by Calcination● or whatsoever Volatile Salt , having Concordanc● or affinity with the former . Alcohol Vini , is its Spirit totally depriv'd of Phlegm Xeuexton , an Amulet against the Pest. Relollaeu● is a bare Quality without a Seminal Being . Liqu● Alcahest is the Universal Dissolvent preserving th● Seed of Things inviolated . Nosopoietick , that causeth a Disease . Anadrom● a running back . Phaenomena , Appearances . Epig●nomena , supervenients , whatsoever succeed . ERRATA PAge 10. line 15. read Helmontian p. 12. l. 5. r. Provocati●● p. 16. l. 5. r. Signature . p. 17. l. 8. r. Stomach chiefly . p. 18. l. dele the. p. 26. l. 11. r. quot . p. 3. l. 3. r. be careful . p. 32. l. 6. r. Dig●●stions . p. 33. l. 7. r. Those . l. 8. are . p. 35. l. 18. r. to the. p. 39. l 25. r. de●●ceent . p. 38. l. 6. r. draining . p. 38. l. 22. r. light p. 42. l. 30. r. Assista●● p. 49. l. 2. r. and rest . p. 47. l. 6 r. Acids . p. 60. l. 24. r. Concrete . p. 65 〈◊〉 9. r. Channel . l. 13. r. Contraction . p. 67. l. 24. r. Theorems . p. 68. l. ●● r. Pyrotechnical . p. 69. l. 17. r. Pyrotechnicôs . l. 29. r. Balsamical . ●● 72. l. ●● r. Acid Meliorated . p. 72. l. 8. r. Philalethes . l. 20. r. Physio●●ger . p. 73. l 2. r. iterated . l. 14. r. dulcifie . p. 80. l. 11. r. Salsi . l. 21. r. ●●tyrous . p. 88. l. 30. r. miss . p. 9. l. 29. r. imbued . p. 103. l. 12. r. Tritu●●●tion . p. 110. l. 15. r. of ♁ by the. p. 111. l. 4. r. Extermination . p. 21 〈◊〉 l. 9. r. Rutilating . l. 21. r. and being . l. 23. r. Empyical . p. 116. l. 27 〈◊〉 Idealium . p. 118. l. 1. r. defaecated Sulphurs . p. 125. l. 16. r. found 〈◊〉 p. 139. l. 27. r. Empyical . p. 152. l. ult . r. Corrector . p. 157. l. 26. r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ps 166. l. 4. r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . p. 173. l. 6. r. Intestinal . p. 174. l. 15 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . p. 181. l. 8. r. Learned Chymical . THE DIRECT METHOD OF CURING Chymically . CHAP. I. A Brief Examination of the Original Matter of Natural Bodies , with their Dissolution . I Shall first declare what Nature is , according to our Philosopher ; viz. A Power implanted in the Creature , to act in such a manner and measure according to the will of the Creator , for ends best known to himself . The Course and Order of producing Effects suitable to the first Seminal Cause , is constant , unless hindered by cross Accidents intervening , or by some extraordinary stop put thereto by Him , who is the chief Mover of all Essences . I look upon the Materia Prima of Aristotle as impossible , a meer Chimaera . Galen and his Sectaries are much mistaken in delivering the Four Elements : Earth , Water , Aire , Fire , the Material Cause of all things : which being ( as they say ) variously mixt and tempered by power of an Active Form , bring forth Bodies of different Shapes , and Kind , one from another . The late Chymical Philosophers reject the former Opinion , and being frequently conversant in Opening all sorts of Bodies by the Fire ( which they will by no means allow to be an Element ) and meeting frequently with Salt , Sulphur , Mercury , have confidently taught , that these are the Beginning Matter of all things tangible . Others add two more ; i. e. Water and Earth : all which ( as is Asserted ) they can at their pleasure demonstrate , or lay open to View when they make Separations . This Discovery by Fire indeed seems far more plausible , and favourable for the Foundations and Principles of all Bodies , than the former Conceit ; yet , upon severe Search , it will not hold true . For as I have published in Haemati . directed by Helmonts Doctrine , these which they call Principles , are made by the Fire , not actually existent before in the Compound Body : Neither can Salt , Sulphur , Mercury be extracted by any Art whatsoever out of all things tractable . Moreover , their unsteadfastness shews them to be no Principles , for they are easily changed one into another , contrary to the Nature of what ought to be the Beginning of things . Wherefore Dr. Willis his Doctrine taken from Bened . Valent. or Paracelsus , and trimly polished for Sale , is to be rejected , as being not only false in the first Instructions concerning Nature , but also dangerous and destructive if made use of , according to what he hath delivered for the Cure of Diseases . Learned Helmonts discovery of Acidum , i. e. Sharp , of a binding rough Condition , and an Alkalie of a lixiviate smooth Nature , either volatile or fixed , having a property to scour or loosen , is by Tachenius , and some excellent Philosophers owned to be the best of Sensibles ; whereby we can most experimentally , and effectually , derive the nighest Origination of all things endewed with a Corporeal Being : into which Acidum , and Alkali , Art is able to bring back the same . Besides these two Luminaries in Physick , afford the clearest Directions for the Cure of the worst Maladies ; the only chief End , for which the upright Physitian is to put out himself : notwithstanding these ( how specious soever Principles reputed ) are not really so ; for they as well as the former may be reduced into Water , which by the Authority of Acute Van Helmont , and my own Proof in some measure , I set down as the Principle , and Ultimate Matter , the Beginning , and End of all Elementarie Bodies . For according to the diversity of Ferments , the Activity of the Seminal Spirit , and the peculiar Image delineated by it , this Liquid Matter is moulded into those infinite number of various kinds of Creatures . This is that Abyss , or Deep on which the Spirit of God moved at first , now successively the Spirit of the World , which out of this never failing Treasure of Water , frames those innumerable Kinds of things obvious to our Senses : Now of all Tangible Essences , Nothing is more similar or freer from Alloy & Mixture than Water , nothing more capable of impress , nor susceptible of a Seminal Spirit , and so easie to be brought to this or that Form. Hence 't is manifest , there is not any thing chiefly more requisite for the production of all Corporeal Beings , than this Material Subject , namely Water : and an Efficient cause , viz. a Spirituous Seed working ( by means of Ferments , or a certain Volatile , Spreading , Swelling , Chafing Scent ) according as it frames that Idea , or Picture of the thing it intends to bring by degrees to Perfection : till which time , the same Agent ( if not impeded by some Accidents ) which began makes a constant progress , till the whole be finished , bringing it to the highest State ; from whence , by little and little it declines , at length returning to that , from which it took its first Being . What I have here delivered , The sensible Seed of Animals , Plants and Minerals Confirm : for they all consist of a Jelly-like Substance , easily to be brought into Water . The Corporeal Seed of all Animals are as it were a Mucilage , or the White of an Egg : the Seed of all Vegetables may by digestion be turned into the like Consistence . As to Minerals , The best Inquirers into them affirm , that a certain green , glutinous , slimy Water flowing in peculiar places of the Earth , gives them their first Birth . So that an able Chymical Philosopher hath no reason to doubt what Helmont hath set down ; to wit , that all Bodies have their Beginning from Water ; that he could by means of his Liquor Alkahest , cause them to return again to the same . This is that Proteus which being altered by an odorous Ferment peculiarly inherent in the Seminal Matter , or the place where it resides , invites such a portion of the universal Spirit ( according as it is capable ) to mould it by degrees into such a Species , or individual Being , proportionable to the Plat-form laid at first . ( All outward Conveniencies concurring . ) Withal , as Concretes or Bodies are generated from VVater , so are they likewise chiefly nourished thereby : For the Experiment of our Philosopher confirms it thus . He took an Earthen Vessel , filling it with 200 weight of Earth dried in an Oven , in which , moistened with Rain-water , he set the Stem of a VVillow of five pound weight . This being for the space of five Years irrigated , was nourished only with Rain or distilled water as there was need , ( the vessel being covered over with a Plate of Tin full of holes lest any dust from without should fall into it ) after five years growth the Plant put into the Scales , weighed 169 pound , besides the quantity of Leaves four years every Autumn left out . Then at last he weighed the foresaid Earth dried , and it wanted of the former weight not above two ounces : upon this account 164 pound of VVood , Bark , and Root sprang from VVater alone . This Experiment of Van Helm . did that excellent Searcher into Nature , the Lord Bacon confirm , by the encrease of a Shrub kept a considerable time in VVater . The same VVater feedeth 40 distinct Plants growing on one bed . Also divers Animals do plainly arise from a waterish Matter : they are likewise preserved Principally therewith . In the Stomach of the Salmon is seldome any solid matter found : neither can the Sturgeon take into the Stomach any gross matter for nourishment , the passage belonging thereto being so small , that scarse any thing but VVater can enter . Some Men and VVomen have been reported to live with VVater alone for many dayes . That Pretious and Viler Stones are generated by VVater , and encreased by the same , is manifest , according to the Tryal of Van Helmont . Touching those Existents which the Chymists call Principles , they are not really such ; for they have their rise from VVater , and may be specified , yea although they seem to be Singular , yet may they be severed into diversity of parts . E. G. Sulphur , which to the eye appears to be all of one Frame , may be brought into a sharp corroding Liquor : the same also may be brought into liquid Balsome , or into an Earthy Pouder . Out of Sallad Oyl a Corrosive Liquor may be made ; besides , it may without any difficulty be altered into VVater . Salts may be turned into an Oyly Substance , then after become Insipid : Mercury doth ( as Van Helmont , and Experience testifie ) consist of a double Sulphur Inward , and Outward ; This being capable to be separated from it by Art ▪ CHAP. II. Of the Efficient Cause , or Primary Agent of all Sublunary Bodies . THe Best Philosophy teaches us , that al● Constitutes have their Material Beginning from VVater . How this Liquor comes to be diversified into innumerable kind of Substances , is further to be enquired . The first alteration of this fluid Body is made by a Sulphureous Ferment , giving a Hogo to it , whereby a Seminal Spirit is excited to dispose and mould the Matter into a Form agreeable to that Image or Type i● hath laid . That which doth chiefly occasion and further the Fermentation of VVater is , some secret Acide , or Sharpness proceeding from the Aire , or elswhere . This insinuating closely , unites with the Alkali in the VVater whence ariseth an Agitation or VVorking commonly observed , when these two meet together : consequently the Watery Particles are exceedingly rarified , acquiring a certain peculiar scent , which they carry along with them , infecting the whole Mass , wherein they reside : hereupon the Archeus or Vital Spirit breaks forth into Act , containing in it the true Seminal Idea , or Picture of the thing capable to receive its Form , and Perfection . CHAP. III. Concerning the Aitiologie , Efficient , Immediate and Material Cause of all Diseases . WHat the Antients generally , and some at this day call the Conjunct , or immediate Cause of Diseases , I shall ( with most knowing Helmont ) assign to be the Occasional , Provoking , or Incensing . Forasmuch as , whosoever desires to enquire into the Nature of things aright , ought to be informed , concerning the very Being of the same , as it relates to that which made it so . Now no Disease can have any Subsistence , Mansion or Lodging place , but in a Body endued with a Vital Spirit ( albeit in the Dead the Four Humours of the Galenists , and the three Principles of the Chymists be not wanting . ) For this Reason the Archeus or Spirit must of Necessity be the nighest Fundamental Beginning of all Maladies whatsoever . For as our Health depends upon this Living Spirit , when it is in all respects duly constituted , without any considerable defect in it ; so Sickness ariseth when the same Preserver of Strength , is depraved or estranged from that Clearness , Proportion , and Regularity , which ought to be in it . Those Degenerate , or Bastard Juices engendered through manifold Errors in the Helmontion six Digestions , especially the First , are only means to put the Living Spirit into Perturbation , Vexation , and Inordinate Motions , whereby it frames Images of Evils , according to the Condition of the Troublesome , Abusive Intruding Guest : So that in short , the Seed of this , or that Disease , with an absolute Pattern how it is to be acted , is planted in this first Founder of the whole Fabrick : the Grief being as inseparable from the Vital Spirit , as Life it self ; yea it is even concentrated or seated in the very middle point thereof , and never to be separated therefrom , till the Kernel , wherein this Diseased Image is drawn , be extinct , and quite abolished . This Doctrine may seem strange to those , who are unacquainted with the Writings of our Profound Philosopher ; however so great is the Truth thereof , that 't is impossible any one should either Prevent or Cure Diseases to a purpose , unless he be well Disciplined in this Solid Knowledge . Hence it is that Opinionative Doctors do so often blunder and mistake in Healing any Rooted Infirmities ; because they either insist upon their four Aristotelian Elements and Humours , Analogous to them , as Choler , Phlegm , Melancholy , Blood , with the Distemper coming from thence , or take their false Measure of Curing from the Principles ( I mentioned before ) borrowed of the Chymists , which some will have to be the next Cause of Diseases ; whereas they being present , only vex , gaul , bring into divers Passions , the Archeus : whereupon that which before did perform all things requisite in the Body , decently and in order , is now become tumultuous , acting in an inconvenient preposterous manner . By this means the Ferment or Dissolvent in the Stomach produces many Raw Juices , Fretting Liquors , which congeal the Blood , or melt it into filthy Matter , then follows a detention of Excrements , or a profuse indiscreet throwing out good and bad ; also a Specifick Poison is created proportionable to those without : hence a Crowd of sad Symptoms appear . Wherefore I repeat , the great cause why the Galenists have been so unsuccessful in their Curing is , because they did not truly distinguish between Prevocative , Occasional , and the Essential inseparable Cause between the Concomitants , Accidents , Products , and Consequents of Humane Calamities . For while they conclude a Feaver to be principally Heat , they have thereby taken a false Indication or Instructions , to free the Body from that Affliction ; neglecting to blot out the Image of the Sickness , to appease the enraged Vitals , and to remove the Vexatious , Thorny , Degenerate , Dead Juices , without empairing Nature , wronging the Stomach , or offering any Violence to any shop ordained for Digestion . They may plainly perceive ( if Sordid Gain did not blind them ) 't is labour in vain to Purg Bucketfuls of Choler , and Melancholy , ( which they suppose to be the Conjunct united Cause of the Evil ) to let out great quantity of Blood from the Limbs for the Cure of the Scurvie , &c. sith generally the Patient is more weakened , and his Evil oftentimes more confirmed hereby . Assuredly did they set Nature upon her Legs , when she is either sitting , or prostrate under any Calamity , she would soon conquer her Enemy , which kept her in Subjection . Would they but follow Hippocrates , who taught them that Naturae sunt Morborum Medicatrices , they would speedily renounce Bleeding , and Feeble , Hurtful Purgatives , to be looked upon as Contrivers , and Factors of filthy Matter , which the Expulsive Power stirred up , casts out with the Poison : So that in reality , the Common Way of Purging is only like Pumping , without stopping the Leak . For as Hippo. delivers , 't is not how much , but what is cleansed away doth good ; the Occasional , Exciting , Peccant , Fermenting Matter being often very small as to its bulk . Humane Sickness hath a Spiritual beginning , Progress , State , and Declination , arising from a Seed , as all other things ; therefore they have a Real Entity , consisting of an Efficient and Material Cause , both seated ●n the Spirit of Life , Active and Passive in Contriving its own Ruine , when at any time it is disturbed through any outward Accident . When any thing very injurious to Nature approaches from without , or is engendered within our Bodies , the Archeus , or Vital Aire takes notice of it , and being incensed , it frames in it self some Ill-favoured Dark Images , agreeable to the Cause Offensive . According to this Model or Proportion it Acts , never ceasing to follow the Copy or Draught of the Malady made by its own Activity , in a certain determinate quantity of it self , even to its own great damage and destruction , unless the Character of the Disease be blotted out , or the Archeus pacified ; and diverted by some pleasing Object , or the External Vexing Occasion removed . Those Defunct Excrements , or Superfluities separated from Life , never to be rconciled to it , are most tedious and noisome to the Vital Spirits : wherefore becoming impatient , they Rage , Fret , Chafe at the presence of so unwelcome Guests . Hereupon they stir upon the Ferments , or Instrumental Transfigurators , to become disordered , sometimes to cause a Confusion , Tumult , Boiling , and Huffing in the Juices , whereby a Feaver is kindled ; sometimes to produce Congelation of the Blood , otherwhile to turn it into sharp gauling Liquor , causing many long Calamities . Now the Filth or Dregs lodging in our Bodies , are not Diseases themselves , but stir up the Archeus to create those Evils , we are liable to . These are either Antecedent Causes of our Maladies ; or they are Products , and Consequents , stirring up Secondary Calamities , accompanied with various Symptoms , Accidents , Dispositions , and Alterations . Moreover , the Miseries of our Bodies , do now and then begin from an Invisible , Immaterial Occasion , imprinting in our Phansies , a lively Character of a Disease , which converting the Good Juices into Bad , both Foment the present Evil , also excite the Vitals to procreate more Mischiefs through the Contagion of a Seed implanted in the Life . That the Phansie can out of a Non Ens , or Nothing , frame Hoc Aliquid , or something of this or that Species , is evident in Women with Child , who upon earnest longing after Fruit , &c. or some sudden Terrour , make the Idea , or Figure of what they greatly Covet , or are terrified at in their Spirits , which conveied to the Womb , is absolutely conformed in that part of the Child , which answers to the place , the Woman at that instant touched , when she was so passionately affected . Withal , this Plant or Living Creature pictured in the Skin , shall express all those remarkable Alterations , Defections , Vigour , and Maturation that the Real Type , or Example of what is shaped is subject to , at certain times of the year . Thus 't is plain , that the Spirits being exalted , excited , or put into a vehement Motion , through any notable Passion can fashion that , ( bringing it to visible Light on the Superficies of the Skin ) which before lay hid within . Wherefore I doubt not there is as perspicuous a Signaturi of every Disease in the Spirits , as the Platform of the Plant to be produced in a Bean divided . The Principle Difference being , that the one is more Spiritual , the other Corporeal . The Seminal Figure then of all Diseases made in the Spirit of Life is , the only Efficient , Active Cause of their Being . Likewise some Degenerate Portion of the Spirit , wherein the Calamitie is as it were stamped ( separated from that which remains in its Integrity ) becomes the Material Subject thereof . That 't is the Blast of Life which conceives and brings forth all manner of Evils is most evident , seeing no Dead Body is capable of Sickness ; this being the true only Reason to be given , that the Principal Contrive● thereof , viz. the Archeus or Vital Spirit is wanting . For the Forbidden Fruit which Adam took into his Stomach , having a Power inserted into it of stirring up Lust , or Concupiscence ( The Omnipotent for that Reason giving Advertisement to Man not to meddle with ) was appropriated ; and applicated by means of the Animal Spirits to the Immortal Soul ; whereby it presently sets up Images of filthy Diseases , forthwith entertaining the Sensual Soul common to all Beasts ; being then , so continuing to this day the Fundamental Cause of all Calamities . I assert ; the Irregular Imagination of the Living Spirit of Man in the Stomach , chiefly the Brain , and every Part besides , doth first set on work every Infirmity seizing upon us ; which at first seems very inconsiderable , but in process , through the uncessant Motion of the First Mover , it arrives to a great Height of Malignity , as appears by various sad Symtoms , Accidents , and Products to be distinguished precisely from the Substantial Being of Diseases . For Example , A Stone in the Kidneys , Bladder , or elsewhere , likewise any congealed Matter , or Cancrous hollowness are not Diseases , but the Products , Effects , or Fruits thereof . The Petrifying Imaginary Seed , closely seated in the Archeus , is that which first laid the Foundation of the Stone , carrying the same on , as it began , to full growth : so that although the Stone be removed out of the Kidneys , as long as there remains that stonifying Seed , or invisible Beginning , the Person before rid of this hard Concretion , may ere long ( if the Idea , the Principle of the Congealing be not absolutly brought to naught , or blotted out ) be vexed , tortured or crucified with the like deformed Matter again . That the Archeus should be put into such a disturbance or Passion through any disorders in Diet , &c. as to frame within its own Bowels such a dreadful , unhandsome Substance , is to be lamented , but that the Seminal Character of the Stone should be contrived , fomented , born with us , taking deep root , as we grow up , is far more deplorable . For Diseased Seminal Ideas derived from the Matrice are hardly to be razed out : they are so incorporated with our Constitutes , challenging as great priviledge to act their part upon the Stage of this Little World in an uniform Manner , and Dress ; though depraved , as Nature in its Integrity , directed by wholsome Images , performs all things orderly , according to just proportion and approved Rules of Sanity . At that very time , when the chief Author moulds the Seed , containing the shadowed Likeness of what is to be made capable of a perfect Form , doth the same Workmaster draw the Pourtraiture of those manifold Mischiefs , which happen to Body and Mind many years after . So fixed are those Hereditary Miseries , that although the whole Mass of every Numerical Part of the Body be changed again and again , yet the Radical Tincture or dye of the Congenite Disease shall remain , ready to put forth it self , flourish , spread into various Branches , and Fruits , when the full time is come that it meets with an Outward Cause to stir it up . This is demonstrable in the Gout , the Stone , Consumption , Madness , Small Pox , &c. whose Images for some years lie as it were asleep , till they be roused up through some Provocative Occasions . The Idea's of Evils , which the Archeus contrives when we are come out of the Womb abroad in the open Aire are flitting , may easily be blurred , wiped off by a stronger Figure : these often interfeering each other , at length clash together , and both become annihilated . Infinite are the Number of Idea's or Representations made by a Working Phansie , some of which are no sooner framed , but strait vanish , becoming Non Entia : for they are momentany , and easily thrust out by the next Successour . But when any Object shall often savourly and seriously affect us ; then the Representation of the same doth take deep Roots in the Spirit , altering the Texture of the Blood , Latex or Lympha ; so that according to the Species of the Immoderate Passion , and the Picture thereof drawn either in the Innate Archeus , or that continually repaired , different Accidents , Symptomes , Signs and Effects arise . That all Diseases have a Type , Copy , or Example set , ( according to which the Archeus that first moulded it , acts ) may be confirmed by the Uniformity , Regular Motion , Inseparable Appearances or Signs belonging to them , from which they receive a Name proper to their Nature : Those tell us of what kind the Sickness is , insomuch a Judicious Physitian is able as well to make distinction , between one Maladie and another , as between a Pippin and a Pearmain ; an Almond and a Chesnut ; likewise to sort them into several Kinds , Classes , Forms , Degrees ; a thing never to be done , if there were not a certain Director , Informer , o● first Mover , that laid a Platsom of whatsoever Grief , depending upon an Efficient and Material Cause , as all other Sublunaries . Again that the Archeus doth first make a draught of the Evil in self , working afterward accordingly to its own Hurt or Destruction , may be proved by that Intermission , Silence , we find in Feavers , Falling-sickness , Gout , Stone , Convulsions Tissick , &c. which as it were sleep for some time , then awake , repeating their former Tragical Act exactly . Certainly if there were not an Agent lead by a strict Rule , it were impossible such a constant Mode and Method could be observed in the Beginning , Progress , Height , Declension , and Determination of Maladies . Briefly therefore the true Efficient with the Material Cause of all Diseases is , not any Distemper of the Elementary Qualites , not any of the supposed four Humours derived from the four Elements , not Salt , Sulphur , Mercury , &c. not any thing meerly Excrementitious , Vexatious , Ambient : but the Vital Spirit stirred up to Indignation , Fear , &c. by some loathsome tedious Object present : whereupon it makes the very shape , planting the Seed of the Maladie in some Portion of that Aetherial Blast , separated from that in Integrity : upon which Matter , as a Patient , the Seminal Ideal Agent works shooting forth those Manifold Fruits or Appearances in Sickness . CHAP IV. Of the Therapeutick , or Healing Method . 1. Of Diet in General , respecting the Prevention , and Sanation of Mans Infirmities . THe Immediate Undoubted Cause of all Diseases made Manifest , their Cure will become more Easie , to the Purpose , Speedy , with less Danger , and Loathsomness . There are two Capital principal Indications , Ends or Marks , which ought to direct us in the ordering our Diet as well as Pharmacy . 1. The Support of the Strength or Vital Spirits . 2. The Declining , or Eschewing whatsoever is an Enemy to Nature , that Incenses , and puts it into inordinate Passions . Laudable Diet then both Supports the Vitals , encreasing them , also Clarifies , Pacifies , and Diverts them from making Hurtful Images ; yea in some proportion Duls , Defaces , and Eclipses those already framed . Now by Diet are comprehended all those Necessary Succours , Requisites , or Concomitants , without which , the Life of Man cannot Subsist . Namely , 1. Ingestion or taking into our Bodies , whatsoever is Alimental , or Nourishable . 2. The Egestion , or Discharge of Superfluities arising from our Food , and the Retention of what is agreeable to our Nature . 3. The Rectification of the Aire . 4. The right ordering of Rest and Motion by Turns , in due Measure and Time. 5. A just Allowance of Sleep and Watching . Lastly , The Moderation , or Regulation of the Passions , aed Perturbations of the Mind . In the first place , the direct way to uphold , increase the Spirits , to keep them Clear , Bright , and free from unreasonable , Sickly , Turbulent , Melancholy Idea's , or Impressions , is to have an especial Care of the Fountain , from whence these subtil Particles spring , i. e. the Stomach . This Noble Part is with Care and Tenderness to be respected above any other : for this purpose nothing is to be taken , offending it , either in Quality or Quantity . Neither is the Substance and Quality of any Nourishable , to be insisted upon so much , as the just Quantity we are to observe : for if the Stomach earnestly desire what is generally Reputed to be hard of Digestion , or to afford bad Aliment ; notwithstanding if there be an eager Appetite to the same , this Noble Part is to be indulged , or favoured in such a Case ; only allowing a lesser Quantity . Doubtless this most sensible Membrane , of Exquisite Gust doth for the most part best prompt u● to what is for the Good of the whole : so that giving a Repulse or Check to a vehement Appetite , hunting after any thing eatable , or drinkable , we oftentimes cause a cloudiness , dulness , sullenness , and darkness in the Vital Spirits , bringing them into such a disorder , that they Coin many foul , black Images , whereas , if the Archeus of this eminent Ventricle were gratified and humoured , in what it extreamly desires , there would be a serenity and lustre in the Spirits , and then al● Actions executed with more strength . The severity of some Physitians in forbidding their Patients to eat that to which their Appetite is exceedingly addicted , hath caused no small discommodity . Neither do they less offend who strictly impose upon them such a Diet , as they , according to some general Rules , apprehend most fitting , derived from bare Qualities of Heat and Cold , &c. not considering that in all Diseases , especially those of long duration , enquiry ought to be made to what Diet the Sick is most naturally inclined to , and accustomed , what his Gust doth best relish , then according to that account to grant him some small Portion of what he eagerly covets , although usually reckoned amongst Food of hard Digestion , of ill juice , of bad quality , or very Hot , &c. For none can give better Arguments of a Diet , more proper for the satisfying the Appetite , than a Man himself , especially if he be of years , carefully taking notice what doth most agree with the Genius of his Stomach . I have known Posset-drink , out of an intent to cool , prescribed by some Doctors , Humorists , ( without farther Examination of an Antipathy thereto ) even to the endangering the Life , in Malignant , ill-conditioned Feavers . Such Darkness hath forthwith seized upon their Spirits , and such Loathsome foul Shapes have been delineated thereby : that they have approached the shadow of Death , undoubtedly perishing , had not prevalent Art blotted out speedily those deformed Figures . So hazardous it is to withhold what Nature doth most Sympathize with , or to offer what it bears an inbred Hatred to . This certainly is to be known by a Man 's own Experience , whether he have an absolute dislike to Honey , an Egg , Sider , any Spice , &c. For this Reason ( methinks ) 't is great vanity in those , who will undertake to be Magisterial , and over-rule Persons in Diet , more able to judge of this Matter than Physitians : who presume , no less ridiculously , than ignorantly , to enjoyn Iohn , Thomas , William , the same Food , Order , Season , and Measure , of taking it alike , without having respect to any Individual or Peculiar Stamp made upon the Spirits in the Womb , whence Qot Homines , Tot Diaetae observendae : As many Men as there are in the World , so many inseparable Properties are to be indulged as to the election of Eating and Drinking this or that . If our Galenical Physitians ( who stand so much upon their bare Qualities of Heat and Cold in the Cure of Griefs , according to the Rule of Contraries , directing them as they say , but upon false grounds , to extinguish one by another ) did rather aim at the Cancelling and blotting out these perverse , deformed , crooked Impresses or Characters born with us , and in process growing up to such a height , insomuch that they become unconquerable , Mortals would certainly enjoy both a sounder Body and Mind , be free from Melancholy , enjoying far more clearness of Spirit . I am Confident that the Stomach , whose Digestive properly is utterly estranged by a Feaver , or long Imbecillity , being whetted by a strong affection may alter a Red-herring , Oysters , a Lobster , &c. better than Veal , Chicken , Broth , Gellies , or any such contrived Cookeries . Therefore to urge the Sick to Eat Sodden , when he lusts after Roasted ; or Liquid , when he requires Solid , is to cross Nature , supposed either can be made fit for nourishment . In all those states wherein I find the Infirm Person 's Stomach uncapable to make a formal chang of the Food , for want of a kindly Ferment or Dissolvent ( as for Example , in all Feavers , and very ill habits of Bodies ) there I generally injoyn the best Liquors , abounding with good Spirits , easily to be altered into the Vitals , leaving no considerate foulness or dross behind ( the watrish part entering into the Vessels carrying off some Superfluities it meets with , by Urine and Sweat ) so that my Practice hath taught me many years what Hippo. hath delivered , Facilius est refici potu quum cibo . The Vital steam is with more speed refreshed , and longer maintained by Spirituous Liquors , than by Flesh , or its Juices , which for want of , a Living Dissolvent , requisite for this chief Cook-room , become Degenerate , Dead , and stinking ; whereupon a Feaver is added to a Feaver , the Archeus being encreased in its Fury , makes Idea's of Weakness , Despair , and Confusion , according to the Truth of the Old Man , Siquis in febre cibum de derit , valenti Robur Aegrotanti Morbus . Yet the custome and Authority of Malepracticants is so powerful , that the Sick thinks he must be weakned , if he eat not Broth of Flesh , Caudels , Water-gruel , &c. which those Diet-mongers have justified ( contrary to the Aphoris . ) will turn into Nourishment whereas the Stomach hereby becomes more weakened , Excrements engendered abundantly , the rage of the Archeus advanced hence arise Misty , Gloomy Representations , eclipsing the Sun of Life , raising as it were a filthy fog in the Archeus , so that it cannot see how to rectifie its Erroneous Idea's , suffering them to become more fixed . No less Mischievous is the Galenical Doctrine of Cooling Liquors in Feavers , viz. their Maukish , Spiritless , Dull , Flat Posset-drink , Small-beer , Barly-water , loathsome Decoctions of cooling crude Herbs , Pippin Liquors , and the like , which starve the Vital Spirit , bringing a numness upon it , that it cannot do any thing effectually for the expulsion of its Enemy : They likewise wedge in the ill Juices , so that either Nature is totally oppressed , yielding to its Fate , or led Captive by a long Disease , the Common Event of their Mortiferous Method . Whosoever then falls into a Feaver , or any other Calamity , I advise him ( upon Fundamental Trials made many years ) to avoid the aforesaid poor Starvling Liquors , to apply himself to the drinking of that , which will enable the Archeus strongly to resist its Enemy , to frame benign , clear , lightsome Imaginations tending to Health , to subdue the detestable filthy Matter , holding no communion with Life , by Sweat , Urine , Spitting , Vomiting , or Stool : Yet still let Moderation be the Guide in all things , for the most Commendable things may be abused , witness those to whom I allowed to drink now and then a Glass of Sack in a high Feaver , who unadvisedly fortewith poured down a whole Quart-bottle to their Prejudice . As I never forbid any in a Feaver good Strong Liquors , to quench Thirst , to strengthen the Stomach and Spirits : So I admonish all to make use of Temperance : Neither do I prohibit Broaths , Collises , Eggs in any Maladie , &c. upon any other account , but that they become corrupt in a Stomach , whose Ferment cannot turn them into a nourishable Juice . He that will take a course to obtain Iuventutem in Senectute , to be young and chearful when Old , must have respect to Senectutem in Iuventute , careful to be Temperate , Sober , and Discreet , as some Old Men are . Could we but know our selves aright so far , as to command our greedy Appetite , not to devour more than the Ferment of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is able to conquer , we should frustrate the Common Saying ; Plures Gula quam Gladius : Multitude of Evils of Body and Mind might be prevented and remedyed . For sith Natura paucis contenta est ; 't is far better in Eating and Drinking to subsist on this side the Golden Rule of Mediocrity than to transgress beyond : that being more easily corected . A peculiar Robust Constitution ; the course of Life we follow ; the Exercise we use ; the Region or place we inhabit ; the Air we suck into our Lungs ; the Agility or Dulness ; the Alacrity or Indisposition , we find the morning following the foregoing days Diet , Dictate what Quantity of Food , of what Quality , and at what time we ought to Eat : thus accordingly we are to Regulate and Reform what is amiss . One of an Athletick Body labouring hard , living in a Mountainous , Clear , Temperate Aire , or much conversant at Sea , Lively , Airy and Spiriteful after Sleep , may justly challenge a greater share of Aliment than a Weakly , Lumpish , Drousie Habit , addicted to a Sedentary Studious Life , in a Populous City , or any Fenny Foggy Countrey , remote from the Sea : For I find ▪ generally that , Aqua praecipue Marina promovet Digestionem . The Agitation of the Body by Neptune's Ebullition , the Recentation of the Aire , those Copious Volatile Particles of Acid and Alkali in the Ambient , do powerfully corroborate the Ferments of Digestion , carry off insensibly any Recrements without any Coagulation or Dreggy Settling left behind : so that many can eat without Discommodity Quintuple the portion at Sea , above that at Land. Large Morning Draughts are for the most part very injurious , likewise frequent Drinking between Meals ; for the kindly Dissolution of the Food is retarded hereby , the Fibers of the Stomach by degrees made Flaccid , and the Tone Debilitated . One Meal a day discreetly modefied , and with one or two short snaps beside , may 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very well suffice most men , using but gentle Motion , and living in places where the Aire is saturated with abundant Exhalations . Let him beware to eat unless his Appetite invites him , then not till he be glutted ; Commedat non quidem ad repletionem cavitatis Stomachi ▪ nec ad voluptatis sive gustus dictamen . 'T is the misery of many to have better Appetites , than Nigestions , which is the frequent cause that many raw Juices are contracted , the Body becoming more clogged , ponderous and indisposed to stir ; for if no more Food be taken in than can be throughly altered ( Excrementitious Superfluitie● being sent packing insensibly ) one will continue the same weight , or little different many mornings togehter : if otherwise any Caput Mort or Dreggy substance remain behind indigested , the Spirits become Dull , Cloudy , and Obscure , and the whole Mass Lumpish and Heavy . Mastication an exact chewing of what we eat , doth exceedingly avail to a happy Digestion : for he that hastily gobleth in his Food , had need to have a Cormorants or an Ostritch's Dissolvent in his Stomach . Variety of Dishes is a Lure to make us Eat more than ordinary , and a means to pester the Stomach with more than it can Digest , to make a confusion in the separation : so that which is raw being blended with what is duly changed , both are thrown off without Distinction . The plainest simple , Home-bred Food is generally to be preferred for holsomness , before the fine , pampering , curiously-dressed , far-fetched Dainties . Beef , Mutton rightly prepared before Partridges , Pheasants , &c. Brown Bread Leavened before White . That Tyrannical , Severe . Overbusie Precepts the Galenists enjoyn their Patients , is to be rejected , for misere vivit qui medice vivit . To be rigidly kept from what is Lawful and Useful ( for want of fitting Remedies ) is little better than a Turkish Slavery . Celsus his Rule , Not to be much solicitous or curious in Diet ( supposed some measure be observed ) is to be embraced by every man who enjoys a competent Health : Yea sith they who are oppressed with any great Sickness ( Nature becoming prostrate , subject to the Dominion of the Enemy ) can never be cured by the strictest Government in their Food : Therefore even those ( when the Maladie shall meet with Remedies able to over power it , ought to take liberty to gratifie their Appetite , and sometimes to indulge their Genius more liberally than ordinary , with what it is greatly affected : For how often hath it been known the thing the Physitian hath sternly forbidden upon pain of Death , that the same being either secretly stoln by the Patient , or privately offered by the Nurse , or some Friends , hath proved the unexpected Means to make Nature Mistress of the Disease , the Vital Spirits hereby highly exalted at the presence of that which doth so match their Inclination and vehement Longing , in so much that they have taken Courage , and scattered those black clouds of mischievous Idea's , entertaining instead thereof , clear , bright Images tending to health . It is no small prudence in a Physitian , to examine to what Diet the sick person hath accustomed bimself , for saith Hippo. Quarum rerum inveteravit Consuetudo , quamvis deteriores sint illae , minus tamen insuetis male afficiunt . Aphor. 5. lib. 2. In this case we ought sometimes not so punctually to stand upon what is Holsome , as what is Customary : nor is this any Argument to allow of Poison , Chaulk , Tobacco , Tiles or Coles which some to Admiration have frequently devoured in great quantity , without a mortal Event . But the question is what Indifferent Food may be commended , dispensed , and afforded to the Infirm in relation to custome , and a strong desire , with a capacity of digesting it : for these Considerations laid aside , it were by no means to be granted . In Conclusion I advise that Curiosity , Severity , Nicety in Diet be laid aside ; that the Physitian , as well as the Patient , insist upon what the Importunity of the Appetite dict●tes , the Custome of any Food doth urge , ●nd the largness of Digestion may permit : ●or what is earnestly desired , doth conduce to ● better Alteration ; what is well Altered , doth encrease the Vitals , otherwise it doth ●ut strengthen the Disease & weaken Nature . It is as possible that flesh thrown into the ●ennel should not corrupt lying there long , ●s that food taken into a stomach deprived in greatest part of its Dissolvent or Ferment , ●hould not Cadaverate or Putrifie ; whereupon the former Calamity is augmented by ano●her . Not how much we eat , but what is accu●ately prepared in this Vital Kitchen , is chief●y to be considered . Veins , Arteries , Nerves , Ligaments , Gristles , Bones are all beholding ●he Blood and Spirits for their happy subsist●nce , and those to the Stomach . Wherefore 〈◊〉 any aim at a comfortable life , ut sit mens sa●a in corpore sano , let him avoid excess in ●o●d and liquid Diet , but especially the first . ●et him endeavour so far to understand him●elf , or be governed by those who are know●ng her in ▪ that no more ought to be put in●o this Membranous Body , than what it 's able ●o convert into a laudable substance for the ●ood of the whole . Neither let any one ●hink to be rightly instructed by the Galenists , sith they prescribe a Diet according to false Suppositions of Heat and Cold , Recollae● nowhere active of themselves in the producing any vital Ens : But let the upright Philosophical Chymist be heard , who gives Counsel according as the Spirits and their Instruments shall dictate . Hereby no considerable Eerror can be committed in the Superstructure as long as the Foundation is so strong . CHAP. V. THe next thing Diaetetical to be considered , tending to the bene esse , or Wellfare of mans life , is Evacuation of what is Superfluous or Excrementitious , and the Retention of a Salubrious and Friendly Matter , for the Sustentation of a commodious prosperous Health . That all Foulness ( in no wise to be taken into the custody of the Vitals ) may be discharged , Secretion or Separation is to be made of Good from Bad , of Pure from Impure , by the Active Separator the Archeus : for when any thing rejectaneous is thrown off promiscuously with any laudable Sudstance fitting to be conserved , many inconveniencies follow , as is frequently observed by the more acute Physitians in Haemorrhagies , or Fluxes , both natural , and Artificial ; for what can be more absurd than ●o cast away the Wheat with Chaff , the Spirit of Wine with the stinking dreggy Sulphur . Now Superfluities the more they are rarefied , and volatilized by kindly Ferments , the ●ooner they are difflated or sent packing by Respiration , and Transpiration through the habit of the Body , without the least remainder of a gross Dregg , in which if it fail , there forthwith follows a declination from Integri●y , a brisk sound constitution of body , becoming , according to Statica Medicina , a little more dull and ponderous ; if then a considerable quantity of this filthy setling be accumu●ated , the occasional cause of a disease is hatching , which if not timely prevented , breaks forth actually , disturbing the Oeconomy of ●his admirable Frame . Wherefore due caution is to be taken that we ingest not any thing not capable to be digested , that Excrements be strictly egested , or voided by Stool ( for ventris torpor omnium confusio ) Urine , Expectoration , sometimes easie Vomiting or Universal Cutaneous Breathing : For the promo●ion of which , where Nature is difficient , Art ought to supply . A Soluble Belly , and easie transpirable Skin doth much conduce to a Healthful Life . For want whereof , Pil. Polychrest and Tinctur . Polychrest , not omitting sometimes Glysters , and Bathing , do much conduce . In Women the Monthly Terms ought to have their just course : If they come short , Elix . propri . Sulphur . Mar. Philosophically prepared do much avail . Also the Inward Haemorrhoides or Piles opened are to be indulged : for the draning of these , a gentle frication to and fro with a Tuft of Grass , when the Fundament is open , is of singular use where there is any propensity in Nature to evacuate foeculent , fretting blood , from the Mesentary or Spleen ; I look upon this as a most noble Emunctory to disburden each . Neither ought a supurfluity of Seed to be kept too long in peculiar Bodies , especially if there be danger it may contract an ill odour to the Annoyance of the Kidneys , Spleen , Head : for seeing the Testicles have no small influence upon the parts tending to their happiness , if they be in their right Tone , certainly then if out of order they dart hurtful beams to the notable damage of that Organ where they lights . Have a care of transgressing herein too much , for that confounds all . One thing I must by the way urge , that Physitians have a special care , how they make a Retention of any Degenerate , Malignant Impurities by Astringents , or Opiates , without removing the Cause , from whence they flow . The only way to perform this aright , is to pacifie the Arci●●s , to amend the exorbitancy of the Ferments , to strengthen Nature to carry off at the same time that in a larger quantity with succeeding ease , which before came away by little portions , in a dribling manner , without any redress to the debilitating the Vitals . Then no doubt the Fibers of the Stomach , and other parts , will be corroborated , ( the Morbisick occasion of their weakness being sequestred . ) To cleanse away every morning with a Linnen course cloath any cl●mmy soulness from the three notable Emunctories , as the Groin , Armpits , Neck , doth somewhat help to preserve from Sickness . The scraping the tongue fasting , ridding it from a viscous impurity , doth not only profit for the keeping from a Squinsie , but also other Inconveniencies . Salt of Pot-ash calcined , mixed with five or six times the quantity of Almond Cake poudred fine , doth scour the Mouth , if a little thereof be taken with three or four spoonfuls of water gargarized and rubbed with the Finger . Note sharp Liquors are offensive to the Teeth , but Alkalies friendly to them . CHAP. VI. THe third Diaetetical necessary Supportter of a happy life , and Restorer of it when impaired , is good Aire , which if congruous to the Lungs is as welcome to it , as some Food to a rightly disposed Stomach . What Famous Cures holsome Air , with Mineral Waters , have effected , is well known to those , whom the Galenists have left as desparate : for whereas they at first upon a false Supposition that the Air did chiefly conduce to the cooling of the Heart , and explosion of Fuliginous Particles generated from excessive Heat , did take their Indication of cooling more or less according as any Febrile Disease did invade the Patient ( but all in vain having exhausted both the Strength and Purse of the Sick Person ) thus missing a sanative End , they at length study to find out some pure Aire , to which they commit the Patient , although often too late to be Cured ) yet is he sometimes beyond expectation revived ( even to their astonishment ) who are ignorant of the true cause thereof . For those Coagulations , dreggy grosness in the Blood ( rather augmented than diminished by faeculent Medicaments Enemies to the Stomach ) are by the subtil Ambient dissolved , rarefied , volatilized and sent packing without any filthy settling left behind . Hereby the Stomach recovers its Digestion , and the Blood runs freely in its proper Channels , so powerful is the Air with the Ferments to refine the Juices , attenuating all tenacious Matter residing in them , or lurking about the Spleen or Stomach , whose Appetite and Digestion are much advanced or depressed , according as the Ambient is Thin or Thick , Defaecated or Dreggy . This great Separator of Moisture doth in some places so rarefie and consume the solid Nutriment of Mans Body , that although he eat plentifully , Quadruple to what he doth at other times in some Regions , yet shall he continue in perfect health , obtaining the same weight of Body , he had some weeks before : ( few visible Excrements in comparison of those insensibly dissipated to be discovered . ) This is the happy effect of subtil , fresh , well clarified , often changed , cold , piercing Aire , grateful to the Lungs : on the other side , where this Ambient is gross , restagnant , stuffed full of foul corpuscles , to which one is confined , misty or foggy , many discommodities of Health ensue , as dull Appetite , In digestion , crudities , contamination of the of the Blood , flatness , heaviness of the Spirits , depravation of the Ferments , whence troops of Diseases invade us . Where the Atmosphere is well qualified , and constituted , men enjoy length of days , as well as at present a sound Body , where 't is otherwise disposed , the thread of Life is shortned . In general , the Aire destitute of Noisome Exhalations from the Earth and endued with Benevolent Influences from the Heavens is profitable for the Lungs . In particular , that Air chiefly concerns the preservation from Sickness , and the Restauration of Sanity , which doth best agree with the Individual , whose approbation comes from Experience . For there is a Natural appetite in the Lungs of some , to embrace this or that Air above another , as it is inhaerent in the Stomach to be affected with certain peculiar kinds of meat . Where the Aire is culpable , Art ought to amend it , which is done by imitating Nature , ventilating it when restagnant , heating and subtillizing it by good Fires when 't is cold or gross , consuming or putting to flight stinking Particles by the diffusion of acceptable good Odours . If the Air abound with excessively Acid , or foul Nitrosulphurious Atoms it is to be rectified with the breath of the most refined Askali's and the Fumes of well corrected Sulphurs . By this means many Diseases may be prevented , and in some sort cured . CHAP. VII . THe fourth Assistanting to a Comfortable Life , is Exercise and Rest , which ought to succeed each other by turns , Quod caret alterna requie durabile non est . Now Motion is previous to Rest , for the first Symptoms of Life arise from a Loeo Motive Faculty . We shall not here examine Aristotles Definition of Nature , i. e. The Principle of Motion and Rest ; but rather insist upon the Modification or Regulation of Motion , as it tends to the Health of Man. Of so great use is Motion or Exercise , that the Wise Creator ordained Respiration , and Pulsation to continue constantly for our Vital pre●ervation through the whole course of our Life ; so that we Live no longer , when the Heart and Lungs do quite give over the faculty of Moving . Every one then ought to take singular care that Circulation of the Blood may be in no wise intercepted , nor free Breathing be intermitted : for that purpose the Exercise of the Muscles of the Limbs , gentle and sweet Recreation of the Mind do avail . Moderate Equal Diaphoretick , Alterative and duly Excitative Labor joyned with pleasant , variable , admirable , rare and desirable Objects doth Expand and Dilate the Lungs and Arteries , whereby the Breast becomes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Arteries Emicant . Nothing promotes these Actions better than cheerfulness or temparate Joy , constant love of what is truly amiable , never to be repented of , A probable hope of some good not long to be deferred , at length a sweet enjoyment of that which is durable , and capable to usher in better things : For I am of a very brave Man's Opinion ; The Comfort of our whole Life depends upon expectation of better things . Also Magnanimity or Courage founded upon Virtuous Enterprizes , aspiring to Noble Designs , for a Publick as well as Private Interest , do sweetly enlarge the Spirits , quickning the Ferments , causing an expulsion of Superfluities : Yea just Indignation , kept within its due Limits , facilitates Respiration , Transpiration and Pulsation . On the contrary , Fear , Sorrow , Melancholy , Hatred , Jealousie , Envy contract the Diaphragme , and the Muscles of the Breast , hindering legitimate breathing , occasioning an Immature Importunate Systole , or a Supine Connivence in the Arteries . It is not amiss sometimes to be transported beyond the common bounds of Moderation ; to be agitated with some Extraordinary passion of the mind , and to sustain tedious Labor , that the sweeter composition of Mind , and most delightful rest of Body may follow ; sith one constant strict tenor pertaining to Diet is hardly to be obtained , without greater damage , whensoever we offend , not to be avoided by any Man , who hath a Publick Employment , or a secular Interest to look after : so that it is better to be accustomed to any Exercise or labour of Body and mind voluntarily , least we be surpriz'd unawares unwillingly to our notable hurt . I advise those parts should undergo most gentle Exercise , which are weakest ; to walk oftner upon the lower Limbs when they are somewhat feeble ; to move rather the Arms and Hands when incident to a debility , lest the stronger by motion defraud the weaker , and so Alogotrophia or disproportion in the nourishment of parts follow . I approve Frication of all parts , especially three noted Emunctories ; the Groin , Arm-pits , and Neck with a course Cloath , without curious superstition of rigtht oblique or transverse Directions . Combing the Head every Morning is an exercise profitable for the Brain and upper Limbs encreasing their vigour and opening the Pores for the emission of Excrements engendred in the sixt Digestion , which is not a little depraved by a superfluous covering , so that the Brain through too much Heat becomes Effeminate , Soft and Imprudent . Let every man make choice of that Exercise or Recreation he is most inclined , most agreeable to his Constitution , whereby he is most relieved . CHAP. VIII . THe fifth inseparable Companion of our Life neerly related to Exercise and Motion is Sleeping and Waking . These make almost a Divident of the Life of this Microcosm : And happy it is for Man , that the first was Instituted , sith great are the Cares of miserable Mortals , that he hath reason to bless his Creator that he can fall into a sweet Lethean Sleep , which , like a short Death , deprives him of Sorrow and Anguish of Spirit . Pax Animi quem cura fugit . Albeit great is the comfort of a moderate Sleep , as to the refreshment of Body and Mind , whereby they are enabled to execute their Faculties and Offices more vigorously awake ; yet no small are the Discommodities brought upon us by excess therein , as an Indisposition to follow Ingenious Arts or Sciences , a Stupidity to comprehend the Truth of things , Forgetfulness , Supinity , or Indifferences what becomes of our future State , leaving Affairs in a confused condition , Indigested and Desperate . It heaps up Crudities , flats the Archeus , hinders the Expulsion of Superfluities , makes the Body Woman-like , Delicate , Tender , Wanton , unfit for any Noble Enterprize , accumulates Excrements , yielding abundant Matter for all sorts of Diseases , &c. Excess also in Waking is accompanied with multitude of ill Consequents , Impovrishment and Distraction of the Spirits , Absurd Idea's , Indigestion , an Augmentation of A-aids Hypochondriack Fits , Melancholy and Madness . CAAP. IX . THe last Inseparable Concomitant of Life to be Insisted upon , whereby our condition is made better or worse , according as we govern them well or ill , is our Passions ; which , if they move regularly , produce a sweet Tranquility in the Mind , and a Salubrity in the Body : but if extravagant , flying out beyond their bounds , they confound the whole Oeconomy of this Admirable Frame . The Stoicks seem to endeavour to deprive themselves of a Sensitive Life , when they would have a man to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . This is all one as not to take notice of any thing adverse to Nature : for it is impossible for a Man Apprehensible and Imaginable , not to be moved by the Object , he apprehends or Imagines ; as it is pleasing or distastful , so he desires it , or abhors it , the Affections hereby set on work , great reluctancy , effervescence perturbation arise in the Spirits which sometimes strangly alter the Texture and Crasis of the Blood. The Idea's or Images of Sorow , Fear , Anger , Joy , Jealousie , Hatred , Emulation are sometimes so fixed in the Animals , that they become indeleble : hence vain Imaginations of the whole Man , Dotage , Melancholy and Furie are Emicant : neither do the absurd Conceptions , and vain Imaginatiors of the whole Man only cause disturbance in the Stomack or Brain , Storms or Tempests in the Universal Archeus , but likewise the Spirit of every part frameth particular Images of Indignation , Fear , &c. Any Spinous , acculeating , or pricking Matter in any particular part , presently puts the Vital Spirit there into a passion , the Archeus of the Eye is forthwith put into an indignation , when an Extimulating Fretting Liquor is either injected into it , or engendred in it , through a fault in its peculiar Degestion : whereupon the Lympha , Latex , or the Wheyish Humour is lured or summoned for the Ablution of this Blot , or Defect , which when it cannot perform , the Ocular Water , as well as the Nourishment thereof , is depraved , through the ringing Attrition of the Sensitive Spirit , which ought by all means to be pacified . The like Perturbation is observed to be raised in the Archeus of the Ear , Nose , Windpipe , &c. when any troublesome cause ariseth there . 'T is certainly true , Omne Vivens Mortui impatiens esse solet . Whatsoever is alienated from Life , engendred either within , assumed or injected from without , brings , sometimes sooner or sometimes latter , the Custos of the Whole or Part into an Inquietude . For this reason Cantharides applyed , raise Blisters in the Skin of a Living Body : from the same cause do virulent Animals , Vegetables or Minerals , taken inwardly , Purge violently ; for as much as the Sensitive Spirit falls into an indignation at the presence of that it abhors , so makes a confusion of the holsome Juices by Colliquating , and Putrefying them . Hereupon so little benefit arises from things meerly loosening the Body : the Principal Agent being exasperated by what is contrary to its Texture and Nature . After this rate did I begin my Practice , being taught no better , than to give many Stools or Vomits , without indulging or pleasing this great President , which , as I have often proved , is the Supreme cause of Sanity and Infirmity . But afterward instructed by a far more able Tutor , than the Schools , I began to correct my former Traditional Error , following the sure Thread of repeated Experiments ; so that at length I never gave any Solutive not fitting to Corroborate the Stomach , not friendly to the Ferments and Vitals . Before I took this course , all frequent Laxatives were fruitless , because they did anger and enrage the Archeus , stirring up Storms and Tempest in the Microcosm , instead of a sweet Tranquility . By this means the Idea's of the Phantasie ingeneral were rectified and clarified , after that the Spirits in particular places were composed aright . He that desires to be free from absurd Melancholy thoughts , furious passions and perturbations , let him take Eustomachical Benign , Benevolent Remedies , sufficient always to cleanse away Impurities , without causing Hatred , Frowardness or high Displeasure in Nature , whose genuine course is to be observed without putting her to any violent stress , or compulsion . CHAP. X. The Pharmaceutick , or upright Method of Curing Diseases by Medicines in general . HOw the Galenists have been mistaken concerning the Four Elements , their Mixture for the Composition of Bodies , their Contrarieties , Qualities , Complexions , deduced from thence , how falsly they have delivered them to be Principles of Natural Existences , and the Causes of Sickness and Health , hath been perspicuously detected by our Philosophical Pyrotechnist : upon this foresaid rotten Foundation have they raised their Stately and Pompous Fabrick of Curing , Obstinately endeavouring still to keep it up . The Rule of Contraries derived from Imaginary Supposition of the Hostility and Reluctancy of the the Four Elements ( whence they say all Concretes have their Original by which they chiefly act , for the end to debellate Mans Infirmities , hath been the bane of many Myriads . Where they find any notable heat in a Feaver , they presently take Indication to cool the Body , in a degree proportionable to its Antagonist , in hopes thereby to reduce the Body to an Eucrasie . but still with unlucky success : For neglecting the Radical Cause , and aiming at the Abolitions of Accidents , Products or Symptoms , how can it be otherwise , but that they must needs miss the Mark , unless they hit it by casualty ? A Faithful Knowing Physitian is unconcern'd and indifferent whether the Patient be Hot , Cold , or Temperate ( as to the touch ) in a Feaver ; whether Thirsty or no. For asmuch as he understands the same Agent that sends forth a hot Blas , doth also send sometimes a Cold from the same Matter . He also frequently observes a Cold dead Splinter or Thorn doth Vex , Gaul , Fret the Archeus of the Finger in such a manner , that the Pulse becomes above measure Magnified , the Colour Rubified , the Blood incensed , the Heat Exalted : All which arise from the Material cause of the Thorn impacted : Likewise the Eye waters , smarts , abhors the Light , looks red or inflamed , from a mote or a small fragment of Glass , &c. Cold things ; by reason of the Passion of the Ingenite Spirit , much provoked at the presence of the Guest so unwelcomed to life . Moreover , a spark of fire , Essentially Hot , lighting upon the hand or elswhere causes a sudden shivering Coldness all over the Body . What is more frequent than to sustain a grievous Rigour or Coldness , even to chattering of the Teeth , from the abundance of a supposed humor called Choller , analogous to Fire ( as they will have it ) Hot and Dry. On the other side , how Hot and Dry have I known some Phlegmatick Bodies in Feavers , even beyond Cholerick ? In this Case , how , without contradiction to their Theorems , can they without lethiferous Mistakes , give cooling things , for the encrease of Phlegm , and Hot for the advancement of Choller : were not this to augment the cause of the Disease ? Is not this rather the very strait course to relieve the misaffected , to exempt the Thorn or Splinter out of the Finger ? the Mote & Fragment of Class out of the Eye by proper Instruments ? also to attenuate , rarifie Phlegm , to mitigate , Edulcorate , Retund and alter Choller , by what is adaequated operative , for the ablution , abstersion , and carrying away both . Sospite Stomachi ac Naturae robore , through all the most requisite Sluces of the Body . This done ( like a true Philosophical Artist ) a sweet Tranquility appears in the Vitals , all evil Symptoms of Heat , Cold , &c. forthwith or in a very short time vanish . Neither in this case is it of Moment , whether the Remedies bringing this to pass be Hot or Cold , sith as substracting the Fuel from the Fire it will quickly be extinguished ; so removing the occasional Matter of Heat , this is soon annihilated . Did the Schools rightly comprehend , how Fire may be procured by the Rapid Collision of two cold incombustible solid Bodies , as Stone and Steel , or by the long attrition of an accensible Matter , no whit hot to the touch , or by the Fermentation , Agitation , Conglomeration or Compression of Acids and Alkali's : also by Concentration of Light into a Cone , or Minute Compass , they would be better acquainted with the Cause of the Aestuation , Effervescence , and Accension of the Vital Spirits in Feavers ; hereby suitable Remedies might be provided . When at any time the Genuine , Domestick Spirits of the Microcosm , and a Wild Exotick Gas meeting together do strike or grate one upon another in a confused whirled manner : there strait breaks forth a preternatural heat , to be corrected by Pacifying the Vitals enraged , and enabling them to profligate or subjugate this hardly tameable , both subtil Wild Spirit , and the matter from whence it emerges ; which is never to be accomplished by Cooling Prescriptions , but by that which pleases the Archeus , indulging it exceedingly . If degenerate Salts , Acid or Alkali couched in a rotten Matter , create Thirst , or excessive Heat by framing a Tumult in the Animals , whatsoever doth correct the same is to be embraced indifferently whether hot or cold . 'T is enough if I can attain my Grand Intention , the ablation of the Nocuous Thermopoietick Matter , the Substance on which all Qualities , Accidents depend . If I can compass this Fundamentally , why do the Galenists wilfully blind , cavil and rail at my Elaborate Preparations , as violently Hot , Burning , Drying , Inflaming , when they cannot but be informed that I , spurning at their Silly , Insignificant Qualities of Heat and Cold ( as to Essential Cures ) I Extirpate all Feavers by amotion , and abandoning the Original Exciter thereof : But in this state I renounce all Dreggy , Drossy , Indigested , Extimulating , Fretting Saline , Unclean , Malignant , Virulent Medicaments which frequently given by them , certainly do often positively disturb the Stomach , procuring unkindly Heat . 'T is not that seeming to be Hot ( because it penetrates , rarefies , and affects the parts by its glowing , Spirituous Particles , as if something fiery were applied ) is rashly so to be censured in Effect : But what is Impure , Corrosive , or Venemous , is to be Condemned , as Burdensome caco-stomachical , Clogging , Fretting , Vexatious , Spinous , absolutely Hostile to our Principles , Putrefactive , and so Consequently , Thermopoietick . It Argues great Incogitancy in any , to Judge of the Inward Energie of an Elaborate Pharmacon by the Taste , or outward apposition before the Ingredients be rightly understood ; and the exquisite Manufacture discovered : Some things either taste not at all , or pleasantly , yet procreate Dyscrasies , deadly Intoxicating Consequents ; there is also that whose Sapour , harsh , nauseating of an Excelling Gust , notwithstanding Vivifick , Alexitery , Salutary , Eucrate in Operation . 'T is the Calamity of our Art , that the World knows not how to distinguish between the Adulterate and Legitimate Tractation of Chymical Works . Hereby Opportunity is given to the Enemies thereof , lying in Ambush , to Sally out opportunely , and Charge it fiercely , with those Crimes that their own and Vulgar Pseudochymical Medicaments are guilty of . Because the Officinal mixtures are inexpertly entred upon , ill-contrived , slubbered over , indiscreetly fabricated , for that respect are too Hot , Violent , hurtful to the Stomach , leaving sad Impressions behind of an Inflaming , Colliquating , Tabefying Condition ; ought upon this Score , our Philosophical Polyacea's acquired by Sweat , long Experience , and true Sophy of Pyrotechnie , be Sentenced as Vile , and Pernicious ? Certainly , the best Sack is not ere the less to be Reckoned a Noble Cordial , because some Vintners sell Sophisticated , depraved Liquor . What is more Common at this day , than to counterfeit the best in its kind , through Idleness , Self-love , Avarice , and wilful Inexperience ? If the Galenists would take pains themselves , not fearing the choaking fumes of Charcoal , nor the Arsenical Spirits of Minerals , taking the Fruits of their Labour into their own Bodies , before they tendered them to their Patients : Would they spare no Cost to the purchasing the best Materials ; or be willing to learn of those who are able to Instruct them , then would they soon be convinced of their Folly , that what I offer the Diseased , is neither too Hot , Dangerous or Injurious to Nature , though taken in a Quintuple Dose . Assuredly were not the Galenists most disingenuous beyond Expression , they would never discover their active Ignorance thus perpetually , to contradict , oppose , and malign the Method which they cannot but be Canscious , is the Down-right , Clear , Safe , Concise way of Healing by Suppressing , Taming , and Profligating what is really the Occasional Matter of the Disease , according to Hippocrates , Acide , Austere , Bitter , Pontick , not Cold or Hot. Those being altered and discarded by means of powerful , effectual , Arcana , an Eutaxie , Eucrasie , and Symetrie in the Microcosm follows . The Good Old Man also tells us of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Diseases , which I find common to all great Feavers containing a venemous Nature more or less , acting in an Extraordinary Irregular manner , different from meer degenerate Matter , as Acid , Bitter , &c. This sometimes if not maturely prevented , stabs the Heart a● it were with a Cryptick Dagger , no manifes● Reason derived from the Elements to be alledged . So Spiritual , graduated Poison is hatched in our Bodies , that it pessundates , or knocks down Animals in the twinckling of an eye . Dares any Humourist undertake by means of Heat or Cold to overcome Arsenical , R●algar , Aconital , Opiate , Sardonian , Taxea● , Cicutarie , Viperine , Scorpionian , Tarantula like Poisons forged by the continually moving Archeus , and specified according to its Fancy ? What a Childish Conceit is it to wave the oblation of what hath an Antidotal Virtue implanted in it sufficient to mortifie the foresaid Properties , least they be too heating ? What grand Do●age , yea Madness even to Homicide , not to permit a Cure for the scruple of an Idle , Vain Qualitie . ? Doth any but a Dolt fear to give Aqua-Vitae , or any Spirituous Liquors to a Lipothymical Person whose Vitals Wanze and Wain , imagining it may heat too much . Were our Lukewarm Physitians but as well experienced as Sea Chirurgeons , yea even as some of the more knowing Mariners , they would extirpate Feavers here , as Calentures at Sea , by ●ubtil Spirits , corrected with better Judgment than their Punch . For I know no solid ●eason why our Seamen should so frequent●y miscarry in their long Voyages heretofore ●●so that hardly a competent number were ●eft to bring home the Ship ) unless this , that ●hey take and give in Causons or Burning Feavors , apply likewise to Inflammations , Spiritous Liquors , a thousand times to be preferr'd before their Flat , Dull , Vapid , Mor●iferous , Cold Juleps , and other Insipids . If these Spirits too Hot ( as they will have them ) do good beyond their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spiritless Prescriptions , what will they perform in the hand of an Adeptus , who knows how to correct and free from Impurity , Acrimony , Tenacity , too much Famelick Praedatory faculty ( the Real Cause oftentimes of the indignation , consequently the excessive Heat of the Archeus ) the best of their Spirituous Preparations . This demonstrated ex facto without frivolous Controversies or Cavils , one would think should take these Humorists or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from their Jejune , Cold , Torpid , Barren Opinions , that this or that is too hot , because it seems so to their Plebeian Rustick Taft : whereas in very deed it is only endued with a highly defecated Spirit , rectified beyond their vulgar Art , not able to free from a Cacostomachick dross , or Fretting , Coagulating , Spinous , Salt and Malignant , Venemous Sulphur , the occasional Causes of all Praeternatural Heat in the Body . Let these Philosophical reasons suffice for the confutation of their Accidental Way of Curing , by Heat and Cold , and that Calumniating Objection that the best Chymical Remedies are too Hot. Now shall I proceed in short , to detect how Maliciously as well as ignorantly , they impeach our Salutary Manufactures of Danger of Evil Consequence , of sad Impressions left behind , causing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Antedating the Life , and bringing it to an Immature Period . I confess what they make the World believe in relation to our Instruments of Healing , may be fitly applyed to the Medicaments of their Dispensatory : for they are either clogged with Nauseating , Dirty , Foeculencies , abound with Impure , Acrimonious , Corrosive Salts and Sulphurs , or endued with some Deletery 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ill-conditioned , Intoxicating Concretes , very adverse to Nature . The Chymical Preparations which they formerly inveighed against as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lethiferous , or dangerous , the Galenists have of late entertained into their Ill-compiled , Worse-managed Exemplar . This Rhapsodie of Chymical Pharmacy tran●cribed out of the more Trivial Authors , is 〈◊〉 Rude , Indigested , so slightly handled , more fitting the Laick , than any Sophical Clark , so uncertain , yea perilous in their ●ffects . Some whereof are Virulent , leaving many times Stigma's of their Malignity be●ind , so that no Adeptus but will conclude : The greatest part of them ought to be ex●unged , with a supply made of better things , ●nd what remains to be more discreetly ordered in their Manufacture . How do the Galenists impose upon us , first ●o Cry down most Satyrically , even to the Persecution of certain Honest Ingenuous Friends to this Art , those Meaner sort of Pa●acelsian Remedies , now to make use of them ●o the detriment of many a Patient , as well ●s to the keeping up the Credit of their Tot●ering Dogmatical Structure , which must of ●ecessity have fallen ere this to the ground , ●ad they not closely foisted in upon a pinch ●ome Spagyrical active Preparations stolen ●rom us , at that time , when their most Dull Mixtures would take no place : then boast●ng they tell the Credulous that their own gross Compositions had the greatest share in ●he Cure , whereas in reality , they did no o●her than hinder it . Upon this account how subtilly do some pretend to be Chymists , stealing Theorem● and Chymical Notions out of Van Helm . di●●guising , putting them into an Elegant dress concealing the Authors Name . Thus 〈◊〉 these Plagiaries own that filched from him , whom in publick discourse they eithe● condemn or slight : were they any whit candid , they would blush to do so . This Crime may justly be imputed to the Author De Fermentat . De Febri . and others , who make a great noise about Lac Sulphur . Spir. C. C. Spir. Vitri . Ens Vene . &c. enough ( they think ) to make them cryed up for rare Chymists ; whereas were these Men , with their Prescriptions , brought to the Test of Practice , they would easily be discovered to be but smatterers in this Philosophical Science : then would their egregious Defects be obvious to any knowing Person . Hereby the Safety , Innocence and Vital Preservation of Manufactures would appear , as much transcending theirs in excellent Endowments , as a Torch in its Bright Beams surpassing a small Tallow Candle . Moreover , we are able not only to justifie our Operations beyond theirs ; as free from hazard or dangerous Consequences : but we dare maintain what we give to the Sick , conduces to their future Welfare , and lengthning out their Life , according as Divine ●●ovidence is pleased to allow of the means 〈◊〉 that end . Having thus by solid Reasons offered to be ●●nfirmed by the true Touchstone of Expe●●ence , acquitted our Chymical Pharmacy from 〈◊〉 Slanders of our Enemies , viz. that our ●ateria Medica is so ill handled , that it is ●o Hot , Burning , Dangerous , &c. I shall ●ow describe the direct Method of Curing ●ifficult Diseases by help of a sincere Chymi●●l Legitimate Learned Art. The chief Indication or Scope , which the Well-instructed Physitian ought continually 〈◊〉 have an eye upon is , to keep in vigour , ●lso to pacifie , indulge , gratifie the Archeus 〈◊〉 Vital Spirit , the Achitectonical contriver ●f our first Being , the constant Conservator ●f our Well-being , the Author of our Health ●nd Sickness , Weal and Woe . This 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Hippocr . by its Impulse ●ets all the Wheels going . If a Dysphonie happen in the Sphere of this Vital Aire there a●iseth forthwith a jarring in the Inferiour Orbs of the Microcosm . The Second Principal Indication is the Ab●●tion of the Inward Efficient Cause , and the Outward Occasional Irritating Matter which ●isturbs the Archeus putting it into Enor●ous Passions and Perturbations . These are the two Leggs , by which Therapeutick or Healing Faculty is moved . 〈◊〉 that is wanting in one of these is certainl● Maimed . Whatsoever encreaseth the Eutonie o● Strength of the Vital Spirit , ought to have Similitude of Nature , and Symbolize wi●● the same Spirit , seeing Like doth readily ●●nite with Like , embracing each other in●●●mately . That we may find out a Compe● with the Archeus , the Essential knowle●● thereof is to be enquired after . The Vital Spirit is a most thin Aehere ▪ Breathing , arising from the Blood , perpet●●ally circulated in the Veins and Arteries ill●minated , framed by Virtue of a Vital Fe●ment in the left Ventricle of the Heart , of a Saline , Balsamical Constitution , by means o● whose Bright Beams all Spirits generated a new , diffused through the whole body receive their Light and Vivacity . The Original of this Ruddy Juice where the Spirits first begin to flash and glister is from the Stomach , where every thing ingested is dissolved ( by power of a Ferment , partly ingenite , partly derived from the Spleen or Arteries ) into a Whitish Acide Chyle ; This passing through the Pylorus or Neather Orifice of the Ventricle into the Guts called Duodenum , Iejunum , Ileon is there converted ( by a Lixiviate like , property of the Gaul , mixed with the Acid into a saline Texture denominated Chyme . The more refined part of this Juice is conveighed through invisible Pores of the Guts into the Venae Lactae or Milky Vessels , both trained by them , and likewise impelled by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts . These Venae Lacteae carry the Milky Juice into the Liver Pancreas cava , through whose Channels it runs Rubified into the right Ventricle of the heart , thence it is driven out into Arteria Pulmon , divaricated into the Lungs , by means of the Centraction of the Heart , then taken up by the Vena Pulmonica , it falls into the left Ventricle , where it is Flavefied by the Vital Ferment of the Heart : by the force of whose Systole , this Spirituous Liqor springs into all parts designed for Nutrition , Procreation , Sense and Motion . Sith then 't is plain that the first Foundation of the Blood is laid in the Stomach according to whose 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , upon whose good and bad action future digestions depends : so that if the Chyle be once depraved in the first shop the Chyme and Milky Juice cannot be made in every respect approved in the second or third Laboratories : Consequently very laudable Blood and Spirits can never be Fabricated . For as the Chyle is , such is the Chyme , Lacteous Liquor , Latex , or Lympha , Cruor , Sanguis and Spirits . Sith then there is such a Concatenation , Connexion , continued File of the Albified Mass in the Stomach , to the rubified Balsome in the Heart , and so to the extreme parts : every , knowing upright Physitian ought to be sollicitous about the discreet Oeconomy or Order of this Noble part ▪ that defaecated Blood and Spirits may be created . Wherefore that thing ought not to be taken into the Body , which is any way offensive to the Archeal Ferment of the Stomach , or the weakening of its Tone . Whatsoever is Dull , Flat , Dreggy , Fretting , Rank , Corrosive , or Virulent must be avoided . Things Active well purified 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a just proportion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exquisitely mixed , endued with an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fragrant smell , Sympathizing with the Constitution of this Membrane , Benevolent , and Antidotal are to be assumed , that Clean , Bright Spirits may be multiplyed springing from this Vital Balsame . Well-rectified Spirits of Strong Liquors I have always found to perform much tending to that end before proposed . For no sooner are they received into the Stomach , but part of them are rapt into the Vessels , being suddenly carried into the Heart and Brain , whereby the whole Body is invigorated , the Vital Spirits in a Moment encreased and illuminated : hereupon the Peccant Matter disturbed is profligated by Sneezing , Expectoration , Sweating , or Transpiration : by some Effloresence or Eruption in the Skin , as Pimples , Spots , Botches , &c. by Stool or Urine . The Truth of this , as I said before , is confirmed by those who making long and dangerous Voyages , recover of grievous Maladies , as Calentures , Scurvie , &c. by force of a quickning Drink called Punch , made of Rack or Brandy : whereas formerly they were turned off as fast as rotten Sheep , through that Nonsensical Method of Healing , which the Doting Galenists taught the Credulous World , by Cooling , and Moistning Juleps . In such sort hath the Authority of these Dogmatists Domineered over Mankind for many Ages past ; yea doth yet endeavour to uphold the same amongst us , that Millions have perished by this Absurd Doctrine of Heating in Cold Diseases , as likewise Cooling in Hot. However many Intelligent Subtil Wits do discover the Falacy of their Corrupt Theorems , or Axioms in Physick , casting away their Slibbersauces , do rather chuse to trust to Holsome , Well-made Strong Liquors in Feavers , than their Ill-contrived Insalutiferous Weak , Drossie Mixtures or Compositions . I heard a Learned Gentleman of Note declare , that he was Cured of a Malignant Feaver by means of Brandy Wine well construed taken in a large quantity , when the Methodical Doctor of the Colledge , threatning his Ruine thereby , caused him to desist , but for one day , and take his more Temperate Prescriptions , which had like to have cost him his Life , if he had not fallen to his former Spirituous Liquor again . For my part I am of this Judgment , that 't is better ( for the most part ) to Cure Feavers after the Maritine Mode , than to walk in the Customary Road of Exhibiting Medicines according to the supposed Qualities described in the London Dispensatory . I le maintain Hippocr . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , constant , moderate sumption of Strong Liquors ( omitting Broath , Gellies , Water-Gruel , Spiritless Pos●et-crink , &c. ) shall be more prevalent to rid away Feavers in general , than that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Hodg Podg of Supernumerary Ingredients jumbled together without Discretion , or serious consideration of the congruity of each one with another , without seperating the precious from the vile by a Pyrotectnical Analysis of every Concrete , whereby the violent Ferine powers of some things are mitigated , cicurated , and made Friendly to our Constitution : also the singular Medical Dowrie of other Concretes are explicated , exalted , graduated , the clog of their Terrestrial Impurities discharged , hindering their Activity . Who that is experimentally Intelligent , would not in a sudden Lipothymie or Defection of the Spirits , rather confide in the Analeptical or Refocillating Efficacie of good Wine , or well Distilled Brandy , than in Diascordium , Venice Treacle , London Treacle , or any of their Confections Elect. or divers of their Potions ? I cannot otherwise believe but that the Benign Creator , pitying the sad Condition of Man , made worse by the Doctrine of Galen ( who never saw Aqua Vitae ; therefore delivered to Posterity , this Gross , Fulsome , Fruitless Means of Curing ) hath in this later Decrepit , Infirm Age of the World , detected by the mouth of Mariners and Rusticks , the use of those excellently well Distilled Spirits , which these Thermologists , and Psychrologists ( a company of Delirous Disputants about Hot and Cold Diseaseases , requiring , as they say , Instruments of a contrary quality thereto to be applyed , neglecting the Essential Nature , and Radical Cure of Diseases ) have Suppressed , to the Infinite Detriment of Mortals , for many Centuries of years . Now can the Indigent Sick-man without fear of over-heating his Blood , threatned by these Thermologists , confidently swallow a due Portion of vegetable Spirit potent to augment sometimes to admiration the paucity of the Animals , enabling them to exclude some part of the Spurious Juice offending the Body like a Thorn in the side Now both Country-Men , as well as Sea Men , take these Spiritouus Liquors , withou● scruple that they may quench their thirst asswage Burning Feavers , keep off a fixe● Delirium , and procure rest , to the confusi●on of the rotten Precepts of these Ignorantly Learned Galenists . Away then with these idle fopperies of taking directions of curing from Heat and Cold : hereby fancying ap●plications contrary to those Accidents wil● prevail ; seeing it is perspicuous , all those endeavours come to nought , unless the vital Spirit be animated to exterminate the occasional extimulating cause of Heat and Cold. It being then demonstrable , that Spirits are best multiplied vigorously by Spirits , with which they symbolize ; we ought to be solicitous concerning their preparation with a proportion to be allowed to the Archeus . I find it frequent among the vulgar Chymists to boast , how they can make vinous Spirits , that in a considerable quantity will all burn away to the accension of Gunpowder in the bottome . Having attained thus far in this process , they think , there remains nothing more in our Philosophy ▪ For all this , if any study earnestly to 〈◊〉 as an able Physitian , those Spirits made according to the common tract , seeming to be re●ned contain in them an occult Impurity● some clandestine discommodity with some di●gustful tang , sensible by the tast of our Vitals . Although it be hard for the Plebeian to distinguish one from the other , yet an expert Distiller knows the difference , and happy effect , of that which is really mundified , above what seems to be so . That Spirit of vegetables may be handled knowingly , it behoveth the Naturalist to anatomize it pyrotechnicoôs , that he may understand of what parts it consists , and how useful it is . According to our Philosophy , an Aqua-vitae may be extracted out of all Herbaccous Plants , i. e. Grass , Blade , Leaf , Weed , &c. which contains an Alkali ; a Sulphur and some particles of an occult sub-acid Salt , easily to be converted into Vineagar , when it floats with a Tartareous Matter . The vinous Alkali and Sulphur together exalted , become a Balsamical Spirit of great force to preserve things from corruption . Taken into our Bodies it is immediately changed partly into a vital Spirit , suddainly conveighed by the Vessels to the Head and Heart , part becomes Acid in the Stomach , for the recreation , or emendation of the Innate Ferment ; as likewise for a previous Disposition , in order to a future alteration in the Intestines into a volatile Alkali , by the eliquating , or scouring facultie of the Gaul● afterward transmitted to the Kidneys , it is turned into a Urinous Salt , by a peculiar Ferment there implanted . Lastly some portion runs into an Insipid Liquor , called Latex or Lympha . Thus is Salt and Sulphur of Plants , which make up one Spirit pliable , subactil , or mutable ( above other ingested things ) into this or that form , according as the Ferments of every shop of digestion please . Moreover the Spirit of Plants , if dextrously exercised , is capable to be assimilated into all parts Continent and Conteining , leaving little or no excrement behind : cherishing , yea . , in some measure , reducing aright exorbitant Ferments . The Digestive Fermenting Accid , in the Stomach , as well as the Alkali in other parts , ( the Instruments of formal Transmutation ) are exceedingly meliroated , and the Spirits forthwith augmented by the access of this seemingly Homogeneous Liquor . That this compleatly purified Liquor so acceptable to the Vitals may be obtained , the prudent Artist is to make itirated Ablutions with what is of a saponary condition that the viscous clammy gummous matter may be purged away . Secondly , he is frequently to Distill it with a convenient heat : Addition being made of those things , which in the bottome of the Glass detain ungrateful 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , inebriating , noxious Sulphur , letting out what is pleasing to Nature , Innocent , strengthening the Head , Membranes , and Sinews . There is also to be injected that which may retund , or dulifie any Secret , unkindly Acid , lurking in the Spirit , can lenifie , or introvert , any fretting quality latitant in the Alkali , tame the Gas Sylvestre , entangle or fetter it , that it may not too nimbly aspire : to laevigate , as it were Polish , any roughness in it . Whosoever hath acquired this Spirit , can tread under his Feet , all those slanders , back-bitings , malicious reports of the Galenists , that the Spirits of vegetables are too Hot , Inflaming , Consuming the Radical moisture , causing Delirium , shortning the life ; all which I am sure is verified , concerning some of their rude preparations of Aquavitae . Poor Ignorant Souls ( though Learned Men ) that should be unacquainted with the right Manufacture of a Liquor so vulgarly known to be useful , sold in trivial shops , &c. How is it likely these vain Thermologists , i. e. Busibodies about Heat and Cold , shoull Judge of the Effects or Operations o● Chymical Enterprizes , sith they ar● unwitting of the due tractation of Spirit o● Wine . I appeal to any intelligent Philale●thes whether they are like to fabricate , o● hammer out the remedies of a Superiou● Class , who are thus egregiously to seek i● those of an Inferiour . 'T is no wonder they are so timorous , in the offering to the Sick any thing of thin parts , Pungitive , Penetrating , or Exciting the natural faculties , for fear they should be overheated : for as much as they give the foul with the fair , the Realger with the Mineral , the poysonous Sting with the Hony ; whereas a faithful well grounded Physiologer Sequesters , the Evil , reserving the Good ; which he can securely tender the Infirm ( without curious observation of measure , or weight ) from one to ten or more . The greatest misery I know accrewing to Man worse than the Plague , Sword , Fire , &c. is from these Galenists running upon false suppositions , to wit that their Galeno Chymical Pharmacy is sufficiently instructed with all endowments becoming compleat Medicines . This they rather wilfully than unwitting●y suggest to the World , most abominably ●mposing upon the credulous , even For●unes Favorites ( by whom they are too zealously imprudently protected to the dammage of Mortals ) that they are the most expert Chymists , vilifying all others , be they never so Legitimate Sons of Art. These are the Spurious Chymists , who I will maintain are overwhelmed in Clouds of Darkness arising from their Covetousness , Ambition , Malic● , Laziness , Self-love , &c. that they cannot see the right way of making a compleat vegetable Spirit . Having purchased according to the best Rules of our Pyrotechnical Philosophy , a compleat Aquavitae : the next care , is to dispense it aright , to minister such a measure thereof proportionable to the Individual Crasis , Custome , and Course of Life , of the sick Body , the defection of Vitals , magnitude , and duration of the Disease , the good or bad , condition thereof : Here by the way , I am bound to reprehend the Busie-bodies about Heat and Cold severely , who miserably titubate and express extream weakness in the just quantity of their own Remedies : For a president of the Galenists did not heretofore dare to prescribe above five Grains of Antimonium Diapho , in a Feaver : another of the same Society was doubtful whether he might with safety give four or five Grains of Bezoar . Orient . or above ten Grains of Coccus Baphic . Cochin . above two drops , of Spirit of Harts-horn , for fea● of overheating , &c. What is the reason of all this supercilious Nicety , but meer Igno●rance of the true principles of Nature mistakes in the causes of our Calamities , in discreet manufacture of Materia Medica ▪ fitting to subdue them . Did they tak● pains with their own Fingers , they would quickly learn the amplitude of the Por●tion of a well adorned remedy , that one small quantity of proper analepticks , or re●stauratives will do good , yet the same multiplied to five six , or seven , to twelve parts ▪ or rates , will really do no harm , but make a far greater improvement of natural vigour . For if they would be taught : These Malevolents would not so unworthily , rashly censure my Stomach Essence , my Elixir Balsamick Tinctur . Polyacea &c. to be preternaturally Hot , &c. Thus it evidently appears that none but an Adeptus , one that as his undoubted Right can say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. I have found it out , can define and adaptate a just scantling , weight and Measure of meet Remedies to the languishing Spirits , enabling them to destroy the Strong-holds of a Disease . Wherefore a Patient having an Aversati●n to Vinous Liquors , ought to be more ●ndulged , to be suffered to imbibe the less , ●nd that mixed and disguised with somthing ●ore grateful . He that hath accustomed ●imself to smaller drinks , ought not to be ur●ed to assume so much , as one used to fre●uent compotation of Wine , &c. Above all , ●et the Physitian give liberally these Vegeta●le , Active Particles to the sick , whose spi●its are weak , and the Maladie strong , very malignant , &c. Five or ten times the portion of a reviving Medicine is but sufficient in some cases , when in another state , a single exhibition ●oth help Nature to throw its Enemy spee●ily out of doors . Long fixed evils are to be ●ollowed close with large quantities , often ●epeated ; likewise the Plague , Pestilential Feavers , whatsoever grief hath in it , much of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Hippo. i. e. a poisonous condition . In all respects 't is better to propose more copiously , than niggardly , when ●he Instruments we work withal are safe , admitting an extension not easily culpable . Or●inary strong spirits are not to be taken without notable caution plentifully , and that well corrected by some Adjuncts , as sugar , ●nd with grateful Acids , for they contain much intoxicating stinking Sulpur , mixt with a fretting Salt injurious to the Stomach Nerves and Membranes , producing preternatural Heat : so that in conclusion , 't is no the pure , well corrected Spirits of Plants that causes those great discommodities , as excessive Heat , Inflaming , &c. which these Thermologists lay to their charge ; but their heedless Preparation by A philosophical Ideots in our Art , as likewise the rash pouri●g into the Ventricle , much more than is fitting . From Vegetables there may be Extracted ; besides an Aqua-Vitae , certain Essential Salts holding close concordance with the Vitals , some of which harbour Specifik Gifts for the Cure of certain kinds of Griefs . In general , these Salts absterg glutinous Excrements , attenuating Viscosites , sweeten preternatural Acidity , animate the Archeus , help Digestion , and strengthen all parts ; causing Urine , Sweat , Expectoration . Now these ought to be accurately framed for Medical use , otherwise they will come short of what we expect . I find it the most Compendious Effectual way to Separate the Sulphurious or Oily part from the Concrete , than to change it into a pure volatile Alkali : This is done by Ablution , Digestion , repeated Distillation . Thus much concerning the Iatrical Virtue of Spirits and Salts fetched from Vegetables , ●s they have Affinity with our Vital Principles : now I shall proceed to shew what pro●inquity there is between the Vital Spirits ●nd Alkali's obtained from Animals . I find , according to Pyrotechnical Trials , ●hat all parts of Man , even his Excrements , ●bound with Urinous Alkali's , especially the Bones , Blood and Urine . Each of which afford in Stilling an Alkali or Urinous Salt much alike , yet different in their Effects : for according to Van Helm . Spirit of Blood avails against the Epilepsie . The Spirit of Urine is of no force thereto . Likewise I find Spirit or Salt of Bones to Operate that which the other two fail in : yet may they all be so prepared , that neither Taste , Smell , Colour ●hall distinguish them . I have for many years much toiled with my Head and Hands , to find out what might directly match the Principal Agent in our Body , the only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Contriver of both Health and Sickness . After often and serious Contemplation , with strict Examination of divers Concrets by optical Analysis , I find nothing more like to do my business , than those subtil saline particles , drawn out of the Horny , Bony or Dental Concretions of certain Animals , or got out of the Dung of some Creatures , abounding with Volatile Salts : But above all I found at length Volatile Salts or Spirits , allured out of divers Po●tions of Mans Body , were most to be prefe●red ; for the Augmentation , Vigour of th● Archeus , to this I was induced by the u●doubted Authority of the Maxime in Phio●sophy , Simile simili gaudet , also Iisdo● nutrimur quibus constamus . Besides , my p●●pose was confirmed by the Essential Consi●tution of the Vital Spirit ; viz. Saline a●cording to our Philosopher : Est ipse Spirit● Vitae de Natura Salis volatilis & Salst . v. ● 136. Sextup . Digest . The Vital Spirit is of 〈◊〉 nature of a Volatile Alkali . Moreover , 〈◊〉 Blas Humanum , p. 113. Per motum nempe 〈◊〉 Sanguinis non quidem Acidi sed Salsi exte nutio , neque ideo in pinguedinem sive Butyru● vertitur , sed in Spiritum Vitalem de salis ad●oque de Balsami natura . Certainly by Motio● the Blood is rarefied into a Saline not Aci● Spirit : neither is it changed into a Fatty Bu●tynous Substance , but into a Vital Spirit o● the nature of a Sal , for that reason it is Balsamical . Also Pa. 443. AuraVitae . Estque ide● Spiritus Vitalis Salsus , viciniorque Spiritui lo●tij quam Sali-petrae . The Vital Spirit is a Salt of nigher affinity to the Spirit of Urine than Salt-peter . Membro semel stupefacto , si sensus redierit , id sane cum sensibilibus stimulis & punctionibus fit quae & verae salsedinis sunt indicia . If at any time a member benummed , recovers its perfect sense , there is felt prickings , and thorny shootings , which are infallible signs of a salt matter . From the consideration of the saline Texture of the Vital spirit , I laboured about the Alkali's of this Microcosm : divers parts whereof I Dissected , fetching out by Pyrotechnie their Volatiles , which I studied to nobilitate by frequent scouring , iterated distillations , even to ten or eleven courses , adding every turn a fitting Mundifier , keeping them in digestion three weeks or a Month : I then proceeded to correct any harsh , Acid quality lurking in them by that which blunts , lenefies , or mollifies the same by feeding their hungry appetite with a pleasing Nutriment , that they may not so eagerly prey upon the Body , to entangle and clip their Wings , that they may not ascend too high , or fly away too nimbly to exalt them , and advance them to a more lofty virtue , by the intermixture of some small portion of Salt of Tart. volatile , united with a pure vegetable Spirit . Having thus prepared the highest clarified Liquor , I have found it to carry an admirable conformity with the Vitals , to symbolize with our Constitutes , so that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 taking it up greedily , forthwith strengthned , musters greater Forces for the expulsion of the Enemy that hath Invaded its Teritories . This is really a Polyacea : if further graduated it may come nigh a Panacea . No sooner do the most defaecated Atoms in this active , fluid Body , arrive in the Stomach , but some portion is strait absorpt , or lickt up by the Archeus for its own Corroboration ▪ Part is made use by the natural Archiater fo● the banishment of those burdensome , aculeating , strange Apostate Juices , absolute enemie● to Life , through all the cleansing passages convenient Quo natura vergit , whether she pleases by the Kidneys , Intestines , through Mouth , Ears , Nose , through the Pores of the Skin , o● by a vigorous extermination of some malignant cadaverous Excrements lodging in the Center , to the utmost bounds of the Body . Add to this the Archeus enabled makes use of this symbolizing Alkali , as an Instrument to edulcorate what is Acid , to make slick any roughness , to mitigate any biting , or fretting Liquor , to suppress , reduce to regularity or explode exorbitant wild Spirits , to correct the defects , or obliquities of the Ferments , that they may not continually engender the like vitiosity , to deobstruct the Vessels stuffed with any congealed Blood or viscous , calculous concrete , or Phlegm , by attenuating , dissolving , scouring away the same : lastly to polish and confirm the Tone of every part . Thus can Nature Act rare feats , when it is animated by a Second , when it meets with that which is of the same Pedigree with it self : i. e. those saline particles first framed in the Stomach , and Intestines afterward more refined are destinated for diversity of uses in this mass of flesh . Now 't is not the common Alkali's used by the Galeno-Chymists , that are sufficient to satisfie an able Chymist for the attaining the foresaid end . Although I acknowledge the best remedies they possess are volatile Spirits , drawn out of Harts-horn , Armoni . Ivory , &c. Yet I must tell them withall , if they would desire to be instructed in the Art as it is Scientifick indeed : I can demonstrate that their Spirit of Harts-horn and Sal. Armoni . are neither rightly Corrected nor Clarified as they ought : for that reason not so well embraced by the Vitals . It is not without cause then that some pronounce it to be overheating , &c. Therefore to be given Scrupulously , seldom above a Scruple at a time : whereas if it be prepared by the hand of a Legitimate Chymist , it hath no ill property , but is fitting to be administred without the least danger in a large quantity , to the debilitating strong , Acute , and Long Diseases . For the confirmation of what I deliver , if Doctor Willis , who trusts much to this volatile , or any other , would please to be so Ingenuous to make the experiment thereof , I shall order Spir. C. C. so Technically , that without measuring or weighing it , I will undertake to cure Languid Person with more speed , security , and pleasin● gust , wholly trusting to this Alkali ( al●though I have for many Years laid it aside Remedies of more excellent Form coming to my Possession ) than they with their ow● unpolished , imperfect , Distilled Spirit o● the same kind . The Alkali out of Mans Bones , I mus● commend as an admirable Medicine , usefu● both for Inward and Outward griefs of th● Body , if construed by a Philosophica● hand . Yet I have rarely met with any so compleatly regulated according to those Rules before described , but brought to the Test , it hath not been altogether so safe insisting upon an Ample Quantity , nor so efectual respecting the Quality , or singular Analeptick property , with which such volatiles ought to be endued . Spirit of Sal. Armoniack , if elegantly prepared , that it move in the middle Sphere , not soaring wantonly too high ; if its hungry Appetite be in some measure allayed , if freed from any impurity , if married intimately to a Vegitable Spirit , with which it hath similitude , abounding with an abstersive Salt , may challenge no small priviledge in strengthning and encreasing the Vitals . That Volatile Alkali's do match the Texture of the Animal Spirits above any besides is certain . However Acid Spirits , if handsomly framed , want not their eminent use in refreshing the Archeus ; wherefore their keen corosive particles , are to be made blunt supple , their foul Sulphur cleansed , their fair extraverted , what is gross in them to be rarefied , whatsoever is extraneous savoring of an unkindly , Mineral condition , ought to be rejected , their ill odour to be amended , all dross to be separated from them ; and lastly , to be copulated by frequent Distillation with a defecated Alkali . Such an Acid avails much in healing , for it is grateful to the Stomach raising a kindly Appetite : it reforms a preternatural Ferment , cherishing what is genuine ; By it , rotten , stinking , spurious saline matter in the Stomach , producing extream thirst is tamed , altered , and cleansed away . The Vitals having Allured to themselves the Alkali Atomes the Acid Corpuscles are stamped into another Form in the second digestion , where they become by the transmuting faculty of the Gaul injected on them , another Juice , loosing their Acidity , withall assuming an abstersive Salt , which easily passing through the Kidneys puts on an Urinous Nature , producing plenty of Urine In other shops they purifie the Blood and L●●tex , penetrating deep , carry off superfluitie through the whole skin . I admire the Galenists who proclaim them●selves Chymists should dare to give suc● Ill-prepared Acids in their Juleps or othe● Mixtures , such as are so far estranged from the constitution of the parts continent an● contained , that they carry no concordanc● with them . Of this sort are Oil of Vitriol Sulphur , or what they nominate 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spirits of the same : for those are fretting gnawing , biting mortifying : Thes● meerly acetous , rough , harsh , stiptick , un●pleasant , flat , dull , unprofitable Liquors ▪ plainly detecting , that they were never made by a knowing Philochymist , as intended fo● that use which our Dogmatical Scribes put them to : For hereby they think to take of● Heat and Thirst in Feavers upon the account of their supposed cooling quality , attributed to them by these Thermologists : not considering , that those effects of a few drops ; eatting a Woollen or Linnen Cloath quite through in a very short time , cannot possibly arise from a cold Temperature , or any other primary quality ; but from the abundance or conglobation of acute saline ponderous Particles as it were connexed in a Cone , which thus concenterated tear , and rend in pieces any subject capable : wherefore as long as these Salts continue in this position or Texture , I cannot allow them fitting to be exhibited by an able Healer : for being Salts colliquated or melted , then forced over by a strong fire , they retain much of their pristine Original , easily prone to be reduced into Salt of a nauseous unpleasant taste . He that desires to procure a Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur of a grateful smell and taste , welcome to the Ferment of the Stomach , capable without difficulty to be altered into an Alkali , apt to discharge ●mpurities through all convenient sluces , must extravert the Sulphur , so then by a strong fire dilate their fiery beams , that they may become Luminous , not burning ; must farther take off their sharp edge , by intervening particles readily closing in with them , whereby their heavy corpuscles are allevated , their opacous consistence made nitid : hereby our Spirits comprehend them with joy . Moreover , the Spirit of Salt so much disscoursed of , also applauded by some as made so Artificially , I find very deficient , scarse deserving the name of Spirit : for that vulgar Liquor abounds with Phlegm , little Saline Matter , and that far from a genuine Spirit , sith it may by evaporation be brought to a corpulent Sal. What is really a Spirit is so volatile that it flyeth away ( unless very closly stopped ) incontinently : Distilled i● leaveth no gross residue , it is delectable to the taste , of the Stomach alike as to the Palate : hence it is very Medicinable . This requires labour with discreet Analysis of the Body of the Salt by a Golden Sulphur and an Alkali . I shall here opportunely reprehend our Galeno-chymists , who affuse Oil of Sulphur to those three Species the matter of Elix . Propri . supposing hereby both to open their Body , correct any ill property , and advance their virtue , whereas they make by this means the excellent dowry contained in them more concluse , hardly to be communicated to their very homely Menstruum , they encrease the biting acride fretting quality of the Aloe or Myrrhe whereupon follows a Dyscrasie in the parts , geld or mutilate the Species , instead of raising them to be more masculine and compleat . If we contemplate this rude Manufacture of Elix . Propr . 't is no wonder those botching Chymists mist of their drift in curing by such imperfect Instruments . 'T is no wonder they complain they are too Hot , unsafe , causing Cephalalgie , &c. Thus taking measure by their own deformed Practice , the Reason is plain why such Contumelies and disrespect is daily offered to this Salutary way by these Chymicophants , continually buzzing Falsities in the years of the Rich as well as the Poorer sort , unstable , credulous , admiring the Authority of a company of Outsides , who have nothing to plead for their Errors but Antiquity . They have Impudently , Fictitiously suggested that the best Chymical Remedies , although fabricated by a most accurate Vulcan , are dangerous , excessively Hot , leaving a Sting behing , not to be prescribed but by the most precise Rules of their Method , exactly weighing or measuring them . Thus these Praevaricators impose upon the Simple , perswading them that they possess well-prepared Medicines above others : when in truth I can prove them to be but meer Philosophasters in our Sophy : that they are miserably involved in Darkness , not only to the handy work of the best Innocent means , but also in what belongs to the Oblation of them to the Patient , in a just quantity & time . These Chymicophants certainly ( did they rather chuse to be , than seem ) would uncessantly make a severe Scrutiny by Protechny into the Essence and quiddity of Concretes , that having extracted their pure parts , they migh● advance them by adjuncts agreeable to Na●ture , avoiding all hurtful Acids , circumci●sing or empairing their Goodness . Where●fore the Mass of Aloe , Myrrhe , Saffron being recluded by a proper Alkalizate Liquor , wil● by digestion freely communicate its more re●fined particles , to a Spirit symbolizing with ours , of great efficacy in curing Dangerous Maladies if given proportionably to their degree of Malignity . Note some Acids , wherein certain concretes pulverized very fine are infused , seem to dissolve them radically , to draw out high Tinctures in so much the Loborator is much affected therewith supposing he hath obtained his wished desire : when at length upon a stricter test , it is really only a disguise in the Liquor arising from the piercing Salt of the Dissolvent , obsorbing the tenuious Corpuscles of the Dissolutum , which closely combined , produce this colour . These Salts keeping in a FIux , the particles of the Matter infused hide them that they are not discerned : till the activity of the Salts be somewhat exhausted or grown languid through Expiration , or a matter injected , suddenly embracing the Dissolvent , makes forthwith a separation of it and the Dissolutum , whereby a palpable Pouder is precipitated to the bottome , and the colour of the Liquor reduced to what it was before . This I made trial of in Zwelfer his Spirit , of Venus pouered upon Crabs eyes , seeming to be brought into a Mucilage , their primum Ens , till upon the coalition of an Alkali they returned to their former shape of a Powder . The same deception may be discovered in Spirit of Bread affused to red Coral , as likewise in several other Acid Dissolvents . This may suffice to shew that vulgar Acids do neither candidly deal with us , in dissolving Concretes radically , neither do they prefer them to higher dignities of efficacy in Healing . Van Helmont's advice is therefore strictly to be observed to endeavour to make the fixed Alkali of Tartar volatile , for the separation , and improvement of the better part of Bodies . Doubtless that great Segregatour of all Concretes into Salt , Sulphur , Mercury , that the pretious may be separated from the vile , and yet it self kept in its integrity without any diminution of its virtue , hath its original from an Alkali combined with pure Mercury : It behoveth then every Physitian to make a daily inspection into these Salts , both friendly to the Nature of Man , and so prevalent in the unlocking Materia Medica , that so we may carry away what is sanative , and leave the destructive . CHAP. XI . AS the Vital Spirits are to be multiplyed by their like , that they may be lusty to conquer their Enemy : so are they likewise to be pacified , lulled asleep , diverted , treated gently , to be gratified with harmless Anodives , Sedatives , delightful Speculatives , the most lucid Objects , and most beautiful Idea's . This Renowned Design is to be accomplished by Vegetable Animal and Mineral Sulphurs . Nothing in this kind acts better than Mineral Sulphurs brought to an height of Entelechie ; for no sooner are they taken into the Stomach , but the Vitals are refocillated by their bright Rays , a sweet composure follows , their fury and rage taken off , black deformed Images of Mortality defaced , bright lovely Idea's of Health taking place . Vegetable Sulphurs afford us excellent virtue in Healing , if freed from an Empyreumatick Tang , elaborated from an unkind Acid lurking in them , either to be altered to a sweetness by what is apposite , or abstracted from them by curious Art. Add to this , if they abound with store of volatile Alkali's , and of good odour : otherwise they put the Ferment of the Stomack to difficult labour , ●n removing their unctuosity , that they may become fitting for sanguification . Those volatile Salts which harbour a stinking Oleous Odour can never be grateful to the Vitals . Odores Oleosi abstracti a suis Concretis , inquinando potius afficiunt quam materialiter in Arterias subeant . Helm . de F●br . p. 90. Wherefore I admire how some of our Learned Chymicophants can pretend to be so knowing in our Sophy , yet know not how to rectifie , or to give a better Odour to Spirits of Harts-horn , Soot , &c. that they may be more acceptable to the Animals . As long as any relique of faetid Oil lies couched in the saline Particles , it must needs contaminate the more elegant Crasis : Although some alledge the Medicine is robbed of part of its Medical endowment if this unpleasant hogo be sequestred : yet dispensing with the frequent employment of about some Graveolents , as likewise , what may be requisite in Historical Affects without Controversies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bene Olents are most agreeable to the Synthesis or Constitution of the Vitals : witness the Essential Oils of Cinamon , Clove , Mace , Nutmegs , &c. which being odorous plentifully imbued with Saline Particles , immediately Refocillate , Illuminate and Compose Nature . All caution therefore ought to be used , that the Fire may not give Vegetables or Animals an ill odorous Impress , scarce somtimes to be expunged : also to exercise 〈◊〉 manner of industry that the foul Sulph●● may not rise with the clean Spirits or Sal● or if it so happen , it may by digestion and ma●nifold distillation with proper Adjuncts 〈◊〉 divorced , at least much diminished . There are several Sulphurs , Balsams o● Oyls extracted out of Vegetables , of good con●cernment in Healing , as Aromatick and ma●ny fragrant Plants : Oyl of Aniseed , Fennel● Marjoram , Rosemary , Thyme , Lavender , Sassafras , Lemons , &c. are to be commended as they are if nitide and throughly polite ( by reason of the auspicious benevolent aspect on the Archeus ) yet if they shall be converted into benign Spirits or Salts , they far transcend the former , working strange Cures . Oyl of Terebinth spiritualized by a right Spagyrical hand will get a Physitian credit by its splendid effluviums , but Oyl of Amber made serene will do better things : also Balsam Peruvian , and Balsam Capiviae , Arbor . Vit. rarefied , or set at liberty from their grosser matter , then changed into a sublime , Aethereal substance , will send forth some bright beams for the enlightning this microcosm . Oyl of Guaicum and Box Distilled without ●aetid , unsavory , fiery smell , or tast , afterward exalted to a highly volatile Spirit are delightful to the Archeus , and far to be approved before any Diet-drink bochet , &c. offered by the Galenists for the cure of the Lues Venerea , or other stubborn Diseases . Note , that we ought to be very studious in the hebetating , or withdrawing the Acid latitant in most Oils , whereby their virtues may become more explicated , as likewise more capable to embrace Mineral Sulphurs , and fixed Alkali's , for their more easie transmutation into a spirituous Liquor . what a happy Comodity arises from the enjoyment of Oil Olive separated from its Acid is known to most . The Sulphur of Wine changed into a saline nature serves for multitude of excellent uses , both as preparative and sanative . Oyl of Tartar Distilled dexterously that it may not be so graveolent , next altered into a volatile Saline Liquor , affords prosperous effects in grievous Calamities . The essential Oil of Myrrh , Aloe , Saffran intimately united with a pure volatile Alkali deserves worthy applause in curing a Quartane , and other tedious Griefs ▪ for it rarely Composes the disorders of the Archeus . Observe that Oils or Sulphurs so graduated , that they harbour good store of a kindly well Clarified Salt colliquated i● them , are more profitable for all intention of curing outward Affects then being so●litary . Hereby great Dolors are allaied pains mitigated , Aciditie in the part edu●●corated , Asperities levigated , Contracti●ons exporrected , Tumours discussed , o● maturated , Inflammations qualified , Node and Schirrous concretions dissolved , Corruption and Malignity in Ulcers mortified ▪ but above all : the Archeus exceedingly delighted with the application . Certain sulphureous Juices coagulated , as Aloe Opium Scam . Ixia , &c. artificially handled , and duly corrected , that their Poisons may be destroyed , solace the Archeus , enabling it to profligate the deseased matter , according as an orgasmus thereof directs . Gums and Resins used as Topicks afford great comfort to the part aflicted : yea some hung about the Neck emit a splendid virtue for the recreation of the Vitals . CHAP. XII . NExt to Vegetables , let us contemplate the efficacy of Animal Sulphurs , as they please indulge , and compose the Spirits ; These are acquired from the parts of Living Creatures inward or outward contained within the verge of Vitality , or excommunicated therefrom . A great part of our Aliment is taken from the Sulphurious Juices of Animals , best maintaining Man in vigour , affording a very Robust Nutriment for Augmentation and Procreation . I find generally the most able Bodies , Magnanimous Souls , and the stoutest Souldiers to be Sarcophagi : and the nigher of Consanguinity the Sulphurious Food is to the Crasis and Constitution of our Bodies , the more effectually it Corroborates . For this reason Swines Flesh doth copiously nourish , encreasing the strength of those in Health , and quickly restoring those who are emaciated , if the Ferment of the Stomach be by proper means rectified . The Broath of Pork , as I am informed , hath done notable things for the reparation of the decayed Strength of some , who have suffered an Atrophy for many Months . Doubtless were it by the Authority of Diaeteticks brought into more frequent practice , many would be better cured of Consumptions by help hereof , than by those Gummous , Clogging Gellies , and Lacteous Excrementitious Prescriptions of the Galenists . Anthropophagi or Cannibals earnestly covet Mans flesh , esteeming it most delicate Food , pittying us as Ioh. Le●rius the Burgandian declares , that we in thi● part of the world are unacquainted with suc● dainty meat , for as much as they find thi● Humanum Sulphur so nigh kin to their ow● to be earnestly coveted by the Appetite , de●lectable to Nature : therefore easily convert●ed into their own substance . Hereby Sanity and longaevity are advanced . Creatures of a Musculous Robust Constitution , though ( more than others ) remote from our Nature , yet through custome , and seminal participation become familiar , and most grateful : so that the Sulphur of the Flesh and Blood of Horses , yield strong Aliment to the Tartars whereby they are made more Fierce , Hardy and Valiant . In general , the Sulphur of the Inward parts of Living Creatures are prized more for nourishment than Physick : yet some are not wanting to do us great service , as those taken from the Gaul , whose singular gifts in healing are often recorded . The Sulphur of the Liver and Gaul of an Adder or Eel expedite a slow Birth . The Gaul of some Fishes clarifie the Eye-sight , remove a Fistula , Pin , or Web off the Eye : It killeth Worms , it openeth , cleanseth , attenuates gross matter . The Sulphur of the Blood of a Cat profits in the Rickets ; of a Goat , in a Pleurisie ; of a Mouse in the suffocative Cough . The exactly purified Sulphur of the bones of certain Animals , are conducible for divers Diseases : did not their foetour annoy us , we should by often taking them find them far more profitable . The Dung of Creatures , although proscriled from having a share of Vitality , yet do their Sulphur afford us great relief in sickness : Horse dung against a Pleurisie whose acute dolour is asswaged thereby : Peacocks Excrement against an Epilepsie : Goose dung against the Jaundices , &c. The Sulphur of the Outward parts of Animals , as the horns , hair , skin , hoofs , nails , teeth , testicles , also various superfluous excrescences of Living Bodies is to be had in estimation for Physical use . All these if they be so ordered that no igneous stinking taste offend , nor any clammy viscous impurity remain in them , if withal their seminal virtues be preserved , are of notable force to allay in some measure the tempest of the Archeus . CHAP. XIII . ABove all , the Sulphur of Metals and Minerals challenge the greatest regard from us for their singular endowment i● Healing . Mettaline Sulphurs are Solar , Lunar Mercurial , Saturnal , Iovial , Venereal , an● Martial . What the Sulphur of Gold can act in diffi●cult cases is well known to all Legitimat● Philosophers . But hic labor hoc opus est : how t● fetch it out aright ; not every Aurum potabile which some so boast of , ought to be repute● the Anima of this glorious Mettal . For tho i● may , after the example of Van Hel. be brought into the minutest Atoms by grinding it fine with Cinnaber , and Salt , afterwards by often distilling it with Sal Armoni . Stib . & Mercu● Subli . be turned into a red Oyl . Notwithstanding the tearing of this solid , ponderous most fixed body into the smallest particles possible , yet may it be easily reduced again to Gold , the same in every respect as before . 'T is no wonder then that we are so frequently disappointed of the happy effect , which this Solar Sulphur might afford us , seeing so few are able to attain a Key fitting to unlock the Cabinet , wherein this pretious Jewel is contained . By reason of ignorance herein , those at first great applauders of Van Helmont , for his profound knowledg in Metallurgie , have Apostatiz'd from his sincere Doctrine of Curing the most Contumacious Maladies , by those compact Sulphureous Bodies , vaunting that they were furnished with Vegetable and Animal Preparations every way able to conquer the most Monstrous Diseases in Nature with as much certainty activity , as the best instituted Metaline , or Mineral Sulphurs . This the Author of Vita Sana & Longa ( I heard ) asserted to the great disparagement of this Science , and to the discovery of his evident weakness in Pyrotechnie . We dare Practically affirm for the defence of our Philosophy , that the exalted Sulphurs , derived from these most solid Concretes , do generally far transcend in Iatrical excellency , either Vegetable or Animal , whensoever any fixed Disease comes to be eradicated , able to elude the best parts extracted out of Plants or living Creatures : yea I aver ( challenging any one of a contrary mind to the test thereof ) that the Provision we make for the Cure of our Griefs , by means of this Materia Subterranea , is every jot as safe , but of far more generous Issue than any desumed from the superficies of the Earth . Well then , if this be true , let us in especial manner put out our selves in the indagation of that pretious Pharmacy which Nature hath with great care shut up in these close solid Bodies . Qui vult nucleum nucem frangat . This Solar Sulphur no vulgar Aqua Regi● will reach , neither will the milder and corrosive touch . They may make momentany Separation and rarefaction of the massie , close hard , firm Constitution of Gold taking into their bosome , and there obsconding from the eye , those small Pulviscles : yet for as much as no real dissolution is made , the dissolvent upon the contact of what is more desired , leaves the lacerated particles of Gold to it self , easily capable without the loss or diminution of its Substance , to be reduced to the same ponderous solid constant matter it had before . Now the reason why it is so difficult to separate a pure Tincture from Gold , arises from the Ignorance of destroying it ; quod , qui novit Aurum destruere , noverit itidem construere , saith Van Helmont . All these alterations it undergoes by usual Corrosives , moist , or dry , are but disguises put upon this Solar Concrete . 'T is not a harsh , boisterous , precipitate course , can make it yield a Tincture , but a calm , mild , mollifying , indulging , familiar means , carrying a parity with it's Nature , will so work upon this Solar Genius , that it is prone to expire it's Soul or Sulphur . The Menstruum to be made choice of , must be of a Sulphureous Nature , upon which Gold hath a Friendly aspect . This Liquor can insinuate into the close Compage of this Metal sweetly Elicitating a splendid Tincture . I have always found well Mundified ☿ and Gold to Embrace each other intimately , which hath prompted me to Marry them , and keep them in a warm Bed together till a most Noble Issue hath come from them , of Excellent use to Compose the disorders in this Microcosm , and to heal its grievous Sores . The way of reserating the Body of Gold by long Triturtion , that the Acid Air may insinuate into it , and dissolve , is a rare Invention . In the same manner I have dealt with Luna , though Inferior to the former ( yet because more tractable ) hath recompenced my Labours with Medicines Polycrest , whereby the Tempest of the Archeus is allayed . Of Mercury , that fluent Metal , made nitide , I acquire by frequent sublimations , a Sulphureous Powder altogether fixed , serving upon all Occasions to rally the Spirits , when brought into a Confusion , by the Assaults of Morbifick Enemies , whereby Advantage is given to Nature to dis-possess them of their strong holds . Of all the Manufactures belonging to Mercury , I could never yet see the like , being so admirably grateful to the Vitals , and s● safe in its Happy Operation . Three or fou● Grains of this Ruddy Pouder strengthens the Stomach , pacifies inward uproars , Causes sweet Rest , attenuates gross Matter , opens Obstructions , sweetens Acidity , mundifies the Blood , by profligating the Hostile Matter every way according to the impulse , Inclination of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Commodity of the passages . This it Executes without leaving the least evil impress behind . There are several laudable Preparations of Mercury , as Spirit of Mercury ; Vigo's Powder in some measure to be made fixed . Although our Philosopher detests the praecipitations , Vitrifications , of Mercury : Yet for want of that which is truly fixed , the use of some of them handled dextrously , may be admitted . But I by no means allow of Ordinary Praecipitates and Sublimates of the shops , sith they are generally made meerly for Lucre , not for Cure. I admire our Galenists ( otherwise very scrupulous and over-cautious in prescribing any thing , but what is very safe , as they pretend , endeavouring upon that account to bring an Odium upon all Remedies in general Chymically framed , unless Instituted according to their Method , dare give Scamony , Colocynth , Elaterium , &c. very Poysons : Yea , offer to Children , for the Worms , in a large Portion , Mercur ▪ dulcis , than which they know nothing better against the Lues Venerea , exhibited by them seldom with Happy event of totally Conquering the Malady , but often , with manifest Misery to the Patient . Would these Chymicophants contemplate how carelessly , rudely , this sweet Sublimate is forged , what mischievous mistakes have happened thereby ; how at the best it is none of the most Generous Remedies , known to true Pyrotechnists ; how easily it is remeable into running Mercury , they would lay aside this , and other of their In-sufficient , dangerous Chymical Medicaments , leaving them to Quacks , and Mountebanks , and entertaining the safe , prevalent , spagyrick Instruments worthy of a True Philosopher . For my part , I have for many Years ago ablegated those Plebeian Workman-ships of Mercury , being conscious to my self how they did delude me , and my Patients , although I had then , yea , now possess some of the better sort , as Mercury Praecipitatus per se , cum Auro , cum Argento . The Splendour , Purity , Homogeneity , Fugacity of Mercury , Unity , or Amity , Gravity , Duration , Indestructibility , Multifarious Variety ; yet a facile Retrogadation to the very same Numerical thing indu●ces us to believe , that there are Transcendent Iatrical Excellencies in it . I am fully perswaded that great Dissolvent , the Liquor Alkahest , is Fabricated by means of Mercury bereaved of its outward Sulphur , whereby it becomes Immortal , no● afterward to be laid hold of Radically , by any Sulphur . Reperitur namque Mercurius postquam est Spoliatus isto Sulphure nullo igne mutabilis , saith Van Hel. The most Simple , pure , nitid , indivisible , Primo Enti Metallico similis , embryonated Mercury , is that which is drawn out of Metals , according to our great Philosopher . E Metallo eductus ita simplex & indivisibilis ut sit impossibile ex eo seperare salem & Sulphur . Of ☿ are made those singular Arcanaes of so general Use , as ☿ Diaphor . vel Aurum Horizont ☿ Corallat ; which I ingeniously confess , I imitate , but not exactly match : every Atom of those Mercurial Polyacea's , send forth Lively Illustrious Beams wonderfully affecting the Archeus , being infinitely delighted with the intuition of them , so that it layeth aside all morosity , Melancholy , Exhorbitant Passions , and the Entertainment of deformed Ideas : Then re-collecting strength , it putteth to flight whatsoever doth annoy the Life . The Spirit , Oyl , or Sulphur of Saturn made Philosophically , applyed outwardly , or taken inwardly , gives much content to the Vitals . Iupiter , or Tin , contains a double Sulphur , the Cause why it is lighter than any other Metal : The one is Oyly , the other Harbours in it's bosom an odd kind of Salt , enclining it to be Coagulated . The Aporhaea , or Effluvium of which entring any Metal ( except Lead ) makes it frangible and friable . The Sulphur of ♃ tinges a Diamond , saith our Philosopher . If so , doubtless the Beams coming from such a Sulphur must needs exhilarate the Vital Spirits in an extraordinary manner . Out of Venus is got a Glorious Sulphur , Called Ens Veneris : I mean not the Plebeian Sublimation of Salt 🜹 , and the Caput Mort of Vitriol , but the Philosophical adeption of a Golden Sulphur out of Venus by means of a benign dissolvent , and a Menstruum Sympathizing with it's Solar Narure . But of Venus , floating in it's proper Corrosive , I extract by means of an Alkali , a sweet Sulphur , most acceptable to the Archeus . Mars affords an Illustrious clarified Sulphur which doth not only please the Animals by illuminating them , purifying the Blood , sweetning Acidities , but it also prepares many good Remedies : for those , not to be used of themselves with safety & efficacy , it nobilitates ; so that they may be assumed in larg● quantity with happy success . This Sulphur takes off the corrosive properties of Concretes , mortifies their poisonous condition , extraverts their benevolent Sulphur , that they become 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Catharticks , without offering violence to the Vitals . Amongst Minerals , none is to be had in greater estimation than Antimony , for yielding a bright Sulphur : either meerly Diaphor . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 altering , illuminating the Microcosm 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a pacifier of the fury of the Archeus . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a destroyer of morbifick Idea's , according as you handle it that it may be made very sweet , nitid , splendid , free from cacoethie , any malignant property ; or only gently purging 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what 's digested , separated , Orgastick , and Hormetick , quo maxime natura viam affectat , which way Nature pleaseth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 through commodious Conveyances : otherwise it desists , acting in another pleasing manner , opening the passages obstructed , digesting , attenuating , crude , gross matter , carrying off Peccant Atoms , profligating evil Spirits insensibly , without the least offence to the Ferments or Vitals . The Cordial Diaphor . Sulphur of ♁ which doth difflate , scatter , alter bad Juices , casting a lustre upon the Spirits is extracted out of it by Calcination , Distillation , Sublimation , By Calcination is made ♁ Diaphoret . which although an ordinary Medicine , I wish it were Fabricated technically , for it is either inperfectly fixed , crude , harbouring some portion of a foul Sulphur , or some exotick matter : otherwise it is not throughly exempted from the Peter , perhaps containing many impurities in it self , so left behind in the Antimony : If these or the like Errors were corrected , it would appear one of the best Chymical Manufactures , the Galenists possess in their shops ; and would perform great things for the Cure of Malignant Diseases , Acute and Chronic , supposed they would be perswaded to give it in a large quantity , which they might do to a quintuple portion if made aright . The best in this kind , is that made by praecipitating the matter calcined , although more difficult to be acquired , yet much to be preferred before the other . Out of the Oar of ♁ is expedited by Calcination , and praecipitation , a Sulphureo●● Pouder , of an Orange , or red Colour . Th●● digested a considerable time in a Spirituo●● Liquor , then combined with the Sulphur 〈◊〉 ♀ become a bright Body , wherein the A●cheus takes pleasure to reflect it self . It clea●●seth the blood powerfully . Antimonie turned by Calcination into 〈◊〉 Glass , of a Purple colour , according to B●●silius Valentinus's Directions , affords a fit Su●●phurious matter for distilled Vineger to wor● upon , that a Splendid deep coloured Tinct●ure may be communicated to a genuine Me●●struum for exhilarating and quieting the Sp●●rits . The dry Calcination of by ♁ the beam● of the Sun makes it disposed to yield an Anodyne Sulphur for the setling the disorde● of the Archeus . A Regulus made out of ♁ , especially signed with a Star , by means of a dry Calcination is previous to the extraction of a very clean Sulphur , which brought to a Diaphoretick Pouder , or an Elegant Tincture delights the Vitals exceedingly . A Regulus of ♁ and ♂ exceed the former ▪ But the Electrum , i. e. ♁ conflated with ♂ ♃ and other Mettals is to be chiefly valued , as matter most fitting for the Elicitation of a cleer Sulphur , much vivifying the Animals . By the power of a moist Calcination with Praecipitation , is made Bezoard Mineral , ●olar , Lunar , Iovial , Sulphureous Reme●ies , which accurately handled , compose ●he Archeus , animating it to the Extermi●f stubborn Maladies . In a Humid way the Sulphur of ♁ is ex●racted by penetrative Corpuscles of divers Corrosive Liquors , whereby it is made capable to impart its most defaecated portion to ● Menstruum grateful to Nature . The Flowers of ♁ prepared by a plain ●imple Sublimation , are a Subject on which ● good Artist working , is able to draw out ●n approved Tincture , for the sufflaminating ●he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when it is precipately hurried by immoderate Passions . It also expunges ●oxious Imaginations . Cinnabar of ♁ concreted in the neck of the Retort in distillation of the Butyrum , contains a Sulphur , whose finer Particles Enucleated by an amicable humid Substance , doth eminently clarifie the vital exhalation of the Blood. These Flowers having imbibed a sublime Alkali elixerated , afterward united with the undefiled Sulphur of ♂ , cleanse the Body by Spitting , Urine , Sweat , causing the Spirits at the same time to Triumph . Out of ♁ is separated by Sublimation a Sulphur , not unlike to the Common , only hath somewhat a greenish cast . This exqu●●sitly refined , maturated , then radically dis●solued , gives an odorous , pleasant , glorious high-coloured Tincture to an Alkali imbue● with Salt of Tartar volatile . This Remedy seldome deceives my Expectation in curing truculent Diseases . It sweetly condenses the Spirits , entertained by them with great delight , finding thereby repast , after many toilsome hours : It helps Nature to dissipate peccant Matter , to thrust it out vigorously every way , it resists Poison , abates Inflammations , breaks Abscesses , healeth them , alters bad Juices to the better . It leaveth no place unrigged or unransak'd , sweeping every corners , making the whole Body polite and trim . By the Art of Distillation , a Sulphureous Oyl of ♁ is forced over of excellent use in Topical Applications , to asswage the dolours of the Archeus , to mortifie the Corruptor in an Ulcer , to dissolve coagulated Matter , to discuss Tumours in the beginning . The same liquid Sulphur graduated may be taken inwardly with good success . From ♁ united with ☿ ♎ distilled is brought to light a Gummous Liquor , called Butyr . Antim . a commodious Matter in the hands of a Philosophical Pyrotechnist for Processes , leading to noble Remedies , favourable to Nature , bearing discord with the Morbifick Excrements . There are multifarious Manufactures of Antim . besides what are set down , upon which the Archeus doth smile , whereby it is quickned to take heart , to subjugate Potent , Malignant Griefs . But what I have mentioned here may suffice to justifie a Physitians Diploma , if he be Industriously capable , likewise gratifie the Patient , if he be obedient . Cinabaris Nativa , called of Paracelsus Metallus Primus sive Masculus comprehends , a most Radiant Solar Sulphur . This brought into a red Oyl , afterwards into a Mercurial Juice , named Vinum vitae , or dissolved in some Aromatick Oyl , Circulated with an Alkali in Spirit of Wine , doth not onely cleanse away , banishing what is hurtful in the Body , but also renovates the Strength , ●mpaired in the whole , reducing the Tone and Vigour of every part to a just proportion and Equal Action . Hence it is deservedly conducible for the protelation of Life . The Sulphureous Particles of Lapis Haematites extraverted by Sublimation , send forth a most fragrant smell like Saffron . These Flowers immerged in a Benevolent Menstruuum , digested , often Distilled , give a Tincture no whit different to a dissolution of Gold. Great is the Power hereof to please the Vitals , to Illuminate the dark Corners of the Microcosm . Out of Bismuth . Zink , Talk , Ludus Paracel . and divers other Marchasites are extorted good Sulphurs , which Elaborately Refined , United with Symbolizing Liquors , afford Remedies fitting to allay the perturbations of the Archeus . There are also certain Precious Stones ; as the Emeral'd Saphire , Granat , &c. whose rutilating Sulphurs , although they are fast locked up , yet may be recluded by means of penetrating Dissolvents , whereby ( their shining Dowries being diffused in a Friendly Diaphanous Bath ) the Rigour of the Archeus may be made supple , compliant , and enlightned , when at any time it is obnubilated . For if Precious Stones be reputed to have a Happy Influence upon the Vitals , by those bright Beams darted outwardly : Certainly they will perform it much better , when that Light imprisoned shall be set at Liberty from the grosser part , being United , as it were , in a Cone , shall be received into a fluid serene Matter , so taken inwardly . Those Luminous Concretions Nature seems to have taken extraordinary pains about , to free from Heterogene●ty or Alloy , namely , Unions , or Pearls , indigitate to us by their Clarified Signature , that such ▪ shining Sulphureous Remedies may be fabricated by Analysis of them , which the Archeus may esteem as Vitae Deliciae , Feasting upon ●hem with admirable delight . Now , this Dainty Morsel for the Archeus to Banquet on , is not to be acquired by a trivial affusion of Vinegar , ( which doth onely imposie upon our Eyes , representing them as truly dissolved , whereas indeed they are no otherwise than Masked , no better than pulverized : Moreover doth likewise fleece them , castrating these splendid Concretions of their real eminent Lustre they had before ; but by means of such a dissolvent , able to make them retire to their Ens primum . This is verily a great Cordial sweetly imbibed by Nature , worthy to be called Elementum sive lac Margaritarum , because it is a great Restorer of what is impaired , a disperser of those black Meteors darkning the Spirits . Thus I have , I hope , pro modulo , confirmed one Leg of this spacious Body of Therapeutick Physick , viz. the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Indication dedueed from the Necessary support , Augmentation , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Placation , Moderation , Applause , Photism of the Vital Spirits . CHAP. XIV . THE other Leg to be insisted upon , or principal immediate Indication to be Considered , is the ablation of the Inwar● Efficient Cause of a Disease , and the Ou●●ward Occasional , Irritative , Morbifick Matte● ▪ That the Archeus is the Prime Author 〈◊〉 all Sickness , is an undoubted Truth . Nether can any Malady Seat it self any where ▪ but in the Life , as it 's proper Subject ; fo● the Body once extinct , all Diseases vanish . Now , this Ens morbosum , as all othe● things , arises from a Seminal Principle , th● Quiddity , or Activity of which necessaril● depends upon an Idea impressed upon th● Spirit . As soon as this Idea is formed by the Ar●cheus , invested therewith , it forthwith falls to Action , uncessantly Labouring to pollute part of the Vitals ; hereupon an unkindly Forreign Ferment emerges , which the Archeal Idea makes use of , to alienate the Life more and more from it's Integrity . Thus from an Invisible Beginning a Real Morbous Ens , is Created , defined by our Philosopher , Vitalis Potestatis Actus Idealis , Efficiens , induens sibi Vestem ex Ideali materia ; atque a●quirens formam Vitalem & substantialem , juxta differentiam Tarditatis & Celeritatis seminum Ide alum . That this depraved Efficient Act of the Vitals may be hindred , frustrated , and deprived of Ideal Matter to clad it self ; so be disappointed from arriving to , or continuing in a Vital Formality ; the Ideal Seed is to be defaced , blurred , and extinct by all means possible . To bring this Intention home to a purpose Immediately , and speedily , requires the best of Van Helmont's Arcana : Yet I doubt not but some of those Medical Instruments , I have before proposed , will by Degrees in some reasonable space , at least Cancel , if not totally deface those black Preternatural Ideas , that the Archeus ( disturbed with irregular Passions ) hath delineated in the very Essence of Life . Certainly when a supreamly clarified Salt and Sulp. shall be taken into the Body , then Conducted into the very Bed-Chamber of Life , shewing the Archeus , as in a Looking-Glass , the ugly shape of the Disease Pourtrayed ; it cannot but after some Re-collection Repent of Former Errors , exceedingly contented at the presence of so beautiful an Object offered to the view , whose salutiferous Idea causes a Composure in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whereupon it falls to razing out the deformed Image of Mortality , instead thereof limns though rudely at first , the Picture of future Sanctity . Pulv. noster Bezoard . vel Pestifugus . Tinct . Bals. Solar . Polya . Sulp. ♂ & ♀ , most defaecated , destroy in some sort , Diseased Ideas , producing luminous instead of Caliginous Images . I question not but there are Remedies to be purchased , as Active in framing Health●ful Characters on the Spirits , as there ar● things noxious framing ( with admirabl● Agility ) deadly Impresses . Did we not too much acquiesce upo● Traditional Notions , prone to be rathe● Credulous through Idleness , than to make a narrow Indagation into the formal Essen●tial Virtues given to Concretes , we should without Question , be better Instructed concerning the specifick Properties of Animals , Vegetables , and Minerals : we should more directly understand what is to be adapted adequately immediately , for the abolition of contumacious , long Maladies : whose difficulty of Curing consists in fixed Ideas , the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of which would quickly make a Cure. 'T is , I say , for want of the knowledge of the seminal Endowments of Creatures , able to wash away the foul Tinctures , or black Ideas of Evils , and in lieu to ting the Body with a Vital Balsom , Creating good Images in the Spirits , that our Calamities are so Grievous , and long . How Vainly then , Foolishly , Obstinately , yea , deceitfully , do the Galenists obtrude upon their m●serable Patients : Faint Cordials , Insignificant Juleps , Destructive Bleeding , Pernicious Solutives , together with outward Butcheries , as Vesicatories , &c. for the Conquering those Radicated Maladies , whose Essence principally depends upon a Spiritual Morbifick Idea , which once expunged , salutiferous Images come in place , Nature flourisheth , it 's Enemy shortly withers . I grant the Dogmatists own the use of Specificks , affirming that they substantially , and formally resist the Evils of Life : For all that , 't is well known to the Faithful Philosopher , how little they trust to them , being conscious to themselves how ieiune , and barren they are therein , never profoundly to a purpose examining this Ideal Doctrine , or putting it to the Test of Solid , Learned , repeated Experiments , as they ought , but rather trusting to what Good-wives have Taught them ( who Happily deprived of their false Methods , slighting their Hodg podg , Bolmong Non-sensical jumbling together of multitude of Ingredients , looking Ninety nine ways at once , but in no wise at the right Mark ) led by their own Genius put to some difficulties , moved to pity their Neighbours Languors , simply looked upon by them with a sincere Eye of Healing , without that chief Sordid , Mercenary End , our Galenical Hucksturs or Ingrossers drive at ) have been by Divine Providence conducted to the knowledge of those Specificks , that have beyond expectation made a Metamorphosis of the Infirmity into Sanity . To the Rude contingent Essays of the Plain , Candid , Immethodical People , are our Fine-finger'd , Disingenuous Methodical Galenists beholding , hardly affording a Mantissa of their own Experimental Discoveries , to the weight of Direct Immediate Scheme of Curing . This is the Reason we have so few Patterns of Antidotes in this kind , sufficient to annihilate those Venemous Characters , made by multitude of dayly Occurrent Occasional Causes : such is the Laziness of these Antichymists , that they will neither labour themselves , nor encourage Industrious men . Their Main study is to disguise themselves , that they may rather seem , than be truly Philosophical ; wherefore like the worst of Thieves , stealing Pretious Truths out of Van Helm . or his Legitimate Disciples , they conceal them by dressing them in a strang Habit , thus bring them upon the Stage of the world to be Admired , as the Off-spring of their own Head and Hand : whereas indeed they are but meerly Surreptitious , for which they ought severely to be animadv●rted , especially for Cavilling , and Carping at this Noble Philosopher , to whom they owe what Orthodox Knowledge they have . Of this Crime I know some , cryed up by the Ignorant for great Spagyrists : who ( as I can expressly shew ) hath pillaged our Philosopher of Substantial Physical Verities , changed their Name , cut out their Mark , put on a larg fine Coat of Rhetorick , to make them look more gaudy , so exposed them to Sale at the Phantastical Fairs of this Foolishly Affecting , willingly to be deceived World. Now let us find out ( if possible ) some Rare Gifts Instilled into the Creatures by the Conditor of all things . These are fitly to be divided into three Monarchies or Republicks , each one bound to act according to that Power they are subject to , viz. Animal , Vegetable , Mineral , to which is added Marine . CHAP. XV. AMong the Tribe of Animals with their Parts , the Spirit of the blood of Man blots out the Idea of the Falling-sickness , which the Spirit of Urine ( in every respect besides equal with the former ) cannot effect . The Pouder of the Skul of a Man strangled , is reputed a Specifick in the Epilepsie . The Spirit of the Brain is valued after the same rate . To drink his own Urine preserveth from the Image of the Pest. The repeated Potation of Urine , cures the Tertian , and makes the Seminal Character to fade away . The Uterine Blood of a Child-bed Woman drank , hath an excellent faculty to stop immoderate Fluxes of the Womb , arising from a furious Idea . The Blood flowing from the Nose , stops excessive Haemorrhagies , Menstruum Virginis extinguisheth Erysipelas . Blood Extravsated or quitture hath a Sympathetical Sense , diffusing Beams at a great Distance towards the Vital Blood , causing Idea's Sanative or Corruptive in Wounds or Ulcers , according as Moderate or Violent Impresses are made upon the Matter removed from the Body . The Gaul of Man correcteth Deafness . The Mumy of Mans Body duly prepared , acts strangly upon the Innate Spirits , Ferments and Idea's , for , saith our Philosopher : Nec etenim tutum est satis Mumiarum ad invicem connexum & concordantiam exprimere : inde nempe tota dimanavit Necromantia veterum . A man may presume to dive too far into this abstruse Philosophy to his own prejudice , imitating the Necromancy of the Antients . Without Controversie , the true Mumy operates notably upon the Morbifick Seal , enabling the Spirits to abolish it , to make salutiferous Images in place of the former . But it is not to be purchased sincere at this day , nor a succedaneum thereto : for that liquor as it is described , was of a thick Mellaginous consistence , of good Odour , of singular Efficacy , proceeding from the Balsome of Myrrhe , Aloe , Cinamon , with which they seasoned Mans Body . Ours at this day is of a different form to the right : Being only a Cadaverous Liquamen , or a piece of Flesh Condited , and dryed , very little significant for the cure of any great Disease . The Fat of Man wants not its worth as a Topick , in removing weak , troublesome , tormenting Marks made on certain parts of the Body . The Fat of Man enters into the Weapon Salve for the advancement thereof . To what Nefarious , Impious uses , Witches put the parts of Mans Body , for the execution of their horrid Enterprizes , is known to those who have enquired into Natural Magical Causes of things . The same parts of Man differently handled , may destroy their wicked villanous , Bewitching Idea's , by introducing Good Moral Divine Religious Representations . 'T is vulgarly known how Fasting-spittle doth take off some Griefs , not so much by power of a volatile Salt in it , as by a gift conferred of spoiling the Stigma in the part affected . Ear-wax cometh not short thereof in Energie . The Spirit of Hair applyed , causeth Hair to grow . Man's Dung is reported to be an Adaequate Antidote for mortifying the terrible Idea of some Poysons . The great Tooth of a Dead Body placed upon an aking Tooth , causeth it to fall out by bare contact . Van. Hel. affirms , Morientium sudor mirificas vires mortificandi Haemorrhoides & excrescentias possidet . p. 233. The Sweat of a Dying Man destroys the form of the swelling of the outward Piles , and other Excrescenscies . A Dead-mans hand caused to stroke the same , acts in like manner . Lice swallowed alive diminisheth ( as is confirmed by some experimentally ) the Tincture of the Jaundice , and sometimes totally removes the steps thereof . Intestinal Worms dried , poudered , taken inwardly , destroy the Figure of living Worms . Lice are said to rid away Lice . Some declare the Stone of the Kidneys and Bladder , prudently Ordered by an Expert Pyrosophist , marreth the fashion of the Duelech , loosening the Compage thereof , making it become Retrograde to the Principle of it's first Concretion . There are some who have such an Idiosyncrasie , or peculiar Constitution of Body , that upon Contact , Palpation , or stroaking another Living Body they change the Texture of the same , alter a valetudinary Melancholy stamp , to a wholsome , Chearful Image . And I doubt not but some Infected with the Venereal Poysonous sting of a foul Woman , have , making use of one peculiarly wholsom , found them Antidotarie , giving interchangeably better for worse Ideas . Thus great is the Benignity of the good Creator , who hath not suffered Man to be destitute of Excellent Remedies contained in his own Body , for the mitigation , pessundation of the sad Calamities , he hath , and doth daily bring upon himself through his Exorbitant , Lustful Phansie . He hath also destinated other Creatures to be at his Service , to regulate , sufflaminate , amend , consolidate , purifie , and persanate his wandring Precipitate , Maimed , Corrupt , Crasie , Absurd , Filthy , Mad Imaginations , turning Body and Soul continually off the Hinges . I wish those Specificks I deliver upon trust , were throughly explorated , and approved by Learned Authors , who , I fear , have taken up some of them too credulously for Truths , as they came from the mistakes of the Plebeian , without Examining them by the Test of Judicious iterated Trials . I shall exhort therefore all hearty Lovers of Verity , that they would make a severe scrutiny into some of those Concrets , supposed to have a Gift bestowed upon them , of Acting in a Spiritual manner upon vitiated Ideas . For my part , had I leisure ; were I not Importunately turmoiled with the accurate facture of Pharmacie , I should , long e're this , have given a more satisfactory Account of the Operation of things , sympathizing with our Nature , preserving good sound Imaginations , bearing an Innate hatred to those that are Morbous , Crasie , Vitiated , extinguishing them . I have thought none more fitting for this Work , than those we call Virtuosi , if they would lay aside their wanton , little significant , somewhat Impertinent ( as to the main matter of Sanity , without which nothing can be done aright ( Periergies , or over-busie Curiosities , seriously setling themselves , ( for the Well-fare of their Neighbour ) to the Inspection and Anatomy of Essential Energies of Spirits , lodging in divers Bodies , as they delight , or are displeased when they meet with those of their own Texture , nearly related , or strangers thereto : In that regard exert respectively their Ingenite Faculties producing Characteristical Effects of Health and Sickness . If they will not vouchsafe to do this themselves , let them encourage others thereto , making a Collection of such Observations , as other Practical Philosophers have really found true , being ready to exhibit plain Specimens thereof to their Senses . This were the direct way to advance the Sophical Tractation of Materia Medica , and to rid us of that Lumber of Fruitless , Farraginous , Absurd Compositions , which do but aggravate our miserable Condition . Having shewn what Excellent Properties are comprehended in the Parts of Man , for the Regulation of Noxious Phansies : I shall now make a Progress of the Matter in hand , Mustering such Animals with their Continents and contents , reported either to sully , deface , blur , or quite abolish the Idea's of Diseases , whose Action in this kind is called Specifick , being destinated ab Origine , for that End , to produce such an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Effect , no Rational Computation of which can be given from the Praedicament of meer Qualities . The Spiritual Endowments flowing from Animals , Vegetables , and Mineral Concrets , as they are simply , plain , rudely , or curiously prepared : I shall set down as most of them are delivered to me , ex fide , trusting to the bare Traditions of some , to the Authority , and Integrity of others . Therefore let no man think all the Ingenite Virtues , attributed here to the Principal Triple Common-weal of Bodies , to be altogether Authentick ; but let them take notice of my Grand Design , viz. That they may come under ( a certain Modification with all Circumstances observed ) the Examination of Ingenious Experimenters , who are able to testifie the falsity , or verity of the same , as they find them . Swallows are commended as Powerful to obliterate by degrees the Falling Sickness : Also an Elks Claw , Castoreum . The Gaul of a Sucking Whelp . The Liver of Froggs prepared . Castoreum . Blood of a Turtle Dove . The stone in a Carps Head , are Specifick in the Appoplexie , and Palsie . Likewise Fox Grease . The smell of a Fox . Water Distilled from Ants. The Dung of a Black Cow taken while it is hot , then Calcined , and given to Infants newly Born , to half a dram , preserves them from Convulsion Fits , and the Epilepsie . Peacocks Dung conduceth against the Vertigo or Diziness . The Brain of a Swine avails in a Phrensie and a Weak Memory . A small Bone found in Snails without shells , profits in Convulsions . A Toad stops great Fluxes of Blood ; also the Hair , or Downie substance about the Tail of a Hare , taken in March , blown into the Nostrils . Cats Tail , Asses , or Hogs Dung are used for that purpose . The Fat of a Pike applied to the Temples , Composes the Phansie to Rest. A Succedaneum to it is the Water drawn out of the Worms found in the spongy Balls of sweet Bryar . The Juice extracted out of the Liver of a Weasil , instilled into the Eye , removes the Idea of a white spot , or Cloudiness in the Eye . The same is declared of the Gaul of a Weasil , or Hare . The Blood of a Mouse . And Water Distilled out of mans Dung. The Inward Skin of Egg-shells newly Hatched , Powdered , and Applied , takes away the venemous Impress of a Cancer in the Eye . Scarabees , or Beetles dryed , and pulve●rised , repose the starting out of the Eye . The Chrystaline Humour of the Eye o● an Ox Distilled , Corrects the Infirmities o● the Eyes . The Gaul of a Pike mortifies a Fistula . The Gauls of most Fishes , instilled into the Eyes , change the dark Character of Blindness , into the Luminous bright Image of Seeing . The Gaul of a Pike is most famous for that End. A Headless Fly rubbed upon a Wheal , or Mattery swelling of the Eye-lid Cures it . The Juice of Periwinckles instilled into the Ear , profiteth against the Impress of Deafness . The like is attributed to the Gaul of a Hare , mixt with a little Honey . The Claw of a Toad , well dressed , and held to the aking Tooth , charms the dolorous pain . The Tooth of a dead Dog , Acts in the same manner , as they say . So doth ( as some affirm ) the Gum of Ivy and a Snakes Skin . The Powder of Lizards put upon the Teeth , maketh them to fall out . The Blood of a Cocks Comb rubbed on the Gums of Children breeding their Teeth , causeth them to break forth the sooner . Oyl of Toads blot out Pimples and Wheals of the Face . The Menstruous matter performs the like . An Egg boiled hard laid to the Crown of the Head , takes off the flaccidity and hanging down of the Uvula . The Grease of a Pike rubbed into the Soles of Childrens Feet , afflicted with a tedious Cough , puts a stop to it . Creatures fresh killed , applyed to the Head , have a Specifick Virtue to mitigate pains and watchings . Crabs , Dogs Dung. Swallows , and Swallows Nest. Boars Tooth , marr the strangulatorie Image of the Quinzie . Goats Blood , Mumy , Crabs Eyes , conduce to the amendment of that deformed Figure of a Phthisis . The Heart , Liver , and Lungs of a Calf , distilled , are of some Use for that purpose ( as they say ) Vipers , River Crabs , Pearls Philosophically handled , are doubtless of great Force . So are Snails . Ants Distilled with Honey in Spirit of Wine , afford an Excellent Liquor , appropriated for an Atrophie , or Consumption ; to be used both inward and outward . T' is delivered by some , that a New laid Egg boiled in the Urine of a Consumptive Body till it be hard ; then perforated with a sharp stick , that abundance of holes may be made , reaching to the Yolk ; afterward this very Egg boiled again in the same Urine , till it be quite evaporated : At length , buried in an Ant-Hill , is available in an Atrophie ; for as it is consumed by the Ants eating it , so is the Idea of the Consumption of the Body obliterated , and the strength restored . That frothy , slimy Water slipping out of the mouth of Horses , when they are Drinking , being taken inwardly , repairs decayed Nature Millepedes Cheslips . Bezoar Orient . Crocus . The broath of an Old Cock , are accounted powerful to asswage an Asthma , or Tissick . The Heart of a Partridge abates the Passion of the Heart . The Heart of a Bird , called a Wag-tail , the Congelation of the Spirits . The Arterial Blood of a Goat , the Pizzle of a Stagg , or Bull. Boars Tooth often given , cross out the sharp pointed Character of a Pleurisie . Also the bright shining Pictures in a Peacocks Tail , cut into small pieces , and given to Drink . The fore-said spumous slippery Liquor , gliding through the Horses mouths in Watering , imbibed , doth strangly alter the Pleuritical Impress . The Skin of a Wolf , Vulture , Swan , worn for a Stomacher , help , as they say , Digestion . Hard Eggs are reckoned for a Specifick in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Dogs Appetite . The Powder of a Secundine of the first Born , is recommended for prevention of mischief in the Pica , a strange Idea of Longing in Women with Child . A stone found in an Oxes Bladder of Gaul , wipes off the Tincture of the Yellow Jaundies . Goose-dung , Earth Worms have the like Property . Outwardly a Tench applyed alive to the Navil till it dye . Likewise a Spider inclosed quick in a little Box , hung about the Neck upon the pit of the Stomack till it dye . The fore-said stone in an Oxes Bladder of Gaul prevails against Sadness . The Spleen of an Ox is a Specifick against the Evils of the Spleen . The Worms in Dog Rose mortifie the Worms in the Belly . A Living Toad applyed to the Region of the Loyns , cancels the Character of the Dropsie in the Kidneys . The Gut of a Wolf dryed , and the powder taken , lulleth asleep the Torment of the Cholick . The same is reputed of the Inward Ventricle of a Hens Craw , and whiter part of Hens Dung. Likewise the Testicles of a Horse . The powder of the Inward skin of the shell of Eggs. Portion of the Navil string of a Child new Born , carried about , certainly prevents , or mitigates the Torture of the Cholick . The Blood of a Hare Cures the Dysentery or Bloody Flix . Crabs Eyes . The Jaw Bone of a Pike , deface that ugly Petrifying Image in the Kidneys . Scorpions are applauded by some for that purpose . Cheesils , Goats Blood produce the same Effect in the Stone of the Bladder . Chrystal Glass often heated red hot , quenched in very pure Water , Acts rarely in this kind . The Egg-shell of a Hatched Chicken powdered , profiteth in the stopping of the Urine . The Urine of a Lynx , or spotted Beast , give Relief in the Strangury ; also Oyl of Wax . The like is said of the Pith in a Goose Quill . Anima Halecis . Goats Tallow put into the Navil . Urine of a Goat . Earth-worms . The Juice of River Crabs disturbs the Formal Cause of an Inflammation of the Kidneys . Not Inferior to the former is the Urine of a Goat newly made . The Dung of a Yellow Coloured Hen , mortif●es an Ulcer in the Bladder . The Wind-pipe of a Cock torrefied . The Bladder of a Goat . A Fish found in the Belly of a Pike . Invigorate the Retentive Faculty of the Bladder , hindring the involuntary coming out of the Urine . The Pizzle of a Bull , or Stag , corroborates the Atonie , or Flaccidity of a Man's Yard , stirring up Libidinous Images . Boletus Cervinus , or Stags Mushrom . Scincus , or Land Crocodile , promote Venery . The Ashes of Horse-Leeches . The Ashes of a sucking Leveret , are apprehended powerful to Cure the Rupture of the Guts . A Cuttle Fish bone . The Roe of a Red Herring are of force for the Running of the Reins . Beetles infused in Oyl of Lin-seed , stop the Exorbitant Flux of the Piles , and the Falling down of the Fundament . Mumy hath the like Credit . Sponges growing in Bathing places , The Ashes of Mouse-dung , Purple shell-fish calcined , applyed to the Fundament , reform the mishapen knaps thereof , Warts , and other Vexatious excrescences . The powder of the Matrice of a Hen helps Conception . The Fume of a Dead Tooth of Man , destroys the Idea of Sterility . The Liver and Gaul of an Adder or Eel dryed , and taken in Drink , causeth speedy Delivery in Child-bed . A Girdle made of an Adders Skin , worn about the Loyns , hath the same Virtue . The Secundine torrefied and drank , wonderfully dischargeth the After-Birth . Powder of Cockle-shells , Powder of Mother of Pearl , Crabs Eyes , Spiders Web , A Fish , called a Tench , do all help to raze out the Image of Feavers . The Spawn of Froggs technically Ordered , appease the pain of the Gowt . Swines Blood , River Crabs , take off in some measure , the Impress of a Hectick Feaver . Sal 🜹 seven times Sublimed , Powder of Vipers , The Heart of a Hare , spoyl by degrees the Figure , or Type of a Quartan . To that purpose conspires a Living Spider , Imprisoned in a little Box , placed about the Stomack . A Red or Pickled Herring eaten , cures Hydrophobie from the Biting of a Mad Dog. A Toad , rightly prepared , is a true Xenexton , Preservative , or curative in the Plague , mortifying Pestiferous Phancies . A Wolf's Tongue is extolled by Paracelsus , as endued with the same Virtue . A Lizard assists Nature to kill the Venom of a Carbuncle . The Fat of a Wolf obliterates the Picture of a Disease , called a Wolf , in Mans Body . Vipers Flesh frequently assumed , doth overcome that filthy Species of a miserable calamity , the Leprosie . The Blood of a Hare extinguisheth the fiery shape of an Erysipelas . The Fat of the same Creature extracteth a Thorn out of the Flesh. A Living Worm applyed close to the finger , afflicted with a Whitflaw , dissipateth it . The Blood and Skin of a Mole performs the same . The Mouse , called a Shrew , or Ranny , cut up alive , forthwith put to the part bitten , heals the Wound . Honey , or the Bee it self , cure the sting of Bees . The Liver of a mad Dog eaten , is an Antidote against his Poyson . The Head of an Adder is Alexiterie against it's biting . A Scorpion against it's sting . A Toad stone agafnst the Venom of a Toad . CHAP. XVI . The next Class of those things which make 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are Vegetables , as follow . THE Root of Male Piony , Missletoe of the Oak , A shrub of Elder growing on a Willow , taken Inwardly , or worn as a Periapton , are very prevalent for the deletion of the deformed , Venemous , Epileptical Image . Lilly conval , the Flowers of Linden , or Teil Tree , Black Cherries , Southern wood , Valerian , Oyl of the Wood of Hazel , Balsam of Palestina , Spirit of Tobacco , Spirit of Camphire , are according to tradition , Specificks against the Epilepsie , Appoplexie , and Palsie . Balm , Black Hellebore prevail against mad Phancies . White Poppy , Nutmeg , help to abate great Watchings . Serpillum , or Wild Thyme , Vervein , Regulate the Disorders of the Head. The Flowers of Succory . Rochet , applied to the Nape of the Neck , Celandine , the green leaves of Tobacco , mitigate the Inflammation of the Eyes . Hieracium i. e. Hawkweed , Eye-bright , Fennel , strengthen weak Eyes . Wormwood , Vervain , diminish the tingling noise in the Ear. An Onion , Pellets of Common Raddish , put into the Ear , have a property to help the difficulty of Hearing . The Root of Gentian amends the Idea of an Ulcer in the Nose . Majoram , Hors-mint , Restore the decay of Smelling . The Juice of mil-foil , the mushrom of a Birch tree , the Flowers of Daisie the lesser , restrain Haemorrhagies , Flowers of Benzoe , stalks of Nigella Romana , or Gith , Dissolve Congealed Blood. Oyl of Box , the Root of sharp pointed Dock , Burdock , are reckoned appeasers of the Tooth ach : the Fume of Henbane killeth Worms in the teeth . A Decoction of Veronica mas , i. e. Fluellin the male , is said to Cure the Aphthae , the Thrush in Sucking Children . The Root of Aron , Bryony , Valerian , are Specified against Diseases of the Lungs . Ground Ivy is powerful to do good in those who are Empical , i. e. have Corrupt matter gathered in the Chest : the Seed of Roman Nettle , and the Root of Comfrey , are also proper . Horse-tongue , Ladies Thistle , appease the pains of the Side . Wild Cresses take off the mark of Hoarsness upon the Lungs . Zizipha lenifie a Cough . Henbane-Seed , the Root of stinging Nettle , Fluellin , Bistort , Comfrey , Burnet , Sanicle , check spitting of Blood. The Lesser Housleek is of great force against a Quinzie . English Saffron , Scabious , Garlick , Horehound , Spirit of Tobacco , Benzoe , deface the Character of the Tissick . The Root of Mullein ( before it comes to Flower ) hinders the Impetuous Flux of the Latex to any part . The like Virtue is attributed to mother of Thyme and Ground-pine . Zedoarie , Balm , Anacardium , give redress in Lipothymie , or Fainting Fits. Oyl of Cynamon in Palpitation of the Heart . Hemlock , Gum of Juniper , afford succour in the Inflammations of the Breast : Likewise Rhaeas or Wild Red Poppy , Daisie Roots , and Flowers . The Juice of Ground Ivie , the Flower of St. Johns Wort , reform the mishapen figure of a Phthisis or Ulcer of the Lungs . Hemlock , Mint , the Root and Seed of Fennel , hinder an overplus of Milk , and its curdling . The greater Dragon , Aron , spoil the filthy shape of a Cancer . Burnet , Bryony Root , Water of Vine branches , abate the Phantastical Longing of Women , hindering the mischief which commonly coms upon it . Zedoarie is applauded as an excellent proper Stomachick . Essence of Bread helps Digestion admirably well . The Seed of Columbine , Crocus , Horehound , Strawberry Leaves and Root , alter the Dye or Stain of the Yellow Jaundice . Elder Berries lenefies the vehemence of the Bloody Flix . Essence of Persicaria is excellent against the Diseases of the Mesentery . Gladiolus , Sword-grass , Fox-glove , are of great importance in the Kings-Evil . Black Hellebore , Tamarisk , Garlick , Fern , Epithymum , Polypodium , Seed of Roman Nettle are accounted Remedies for the Spleen . Gratiola doth good in the Dropsie , Anasarcha , Tapsus Barbatus in a Tympany . Garden Scurvy-grass well prepared , Brooklime , Lesser Celandine , Horse-Raddish Herb two Penny , the leaves of Pine , or Firr , help to Cancel the virulent Idea of the Scurvy . Rupture wort , Hippoglossum , Pilosella , Semen Sophiae , Filicula , Perfoliata are appropriated for the Cure of a Rupture of the Guts . Herb Paris reduces the Inflammation of the Scrotum to an Eucrasie . The dead Nettle , Terebinth , Ebulus , much conduceth in a Gonorrhaea . Satyrium , Boletus Cervinus , Cubebs , the Root of Dogs stone , Umbilicus Veneris , quicken Veneral Phancies . Oyl of Rue abates the Priapism . Sweet Bryar Balls , Alkekeng , Juniper Berries , Saxifrage , Lignum Nephriticum , Peach stones , Lachrima Job , the Liquor of Birch , drawn from the Tree in March , are commended for the stone in the Kidneys . Decoction of Red Ciches avails ▪ in the Strangury . Agrimony , in Pissing of Blood. Figg leaves , Juice of Onions , Aloe , open the Piles . Linaria , the Ashes of Vine Branches , remove the Warts and knubs of the Fundament . Black Hellebore quilted with Cotten in form of a Girdle worn , stops the Excessive Flux of the Piles . The Root of Sloe bush , restores the Falling down of the Fundament . Down upon Quinces , Maiden-hair , Thapsia cause the Hair to grow . Storks Bill , called Gratia Dei , Unites broken bones . Persicaria , Celandine , the lesser Bryony , take away black and blew strokes . Hypericon , Persicaria , are excellent vulnerary Herbs . The Root of Bryony steeped in Water with Oak Ashes , destroys Worms in the Skin . Gladiolus applyed , fetches out Thorns and Splinters . Mushroms of an Oak mortifie Carbuncles . Strawberries are accounted a Specifick against the Leprosie . The Bark of Birch , Bladders on Elm leaves cleanse away Freckles . A Bath made of Osier leaves , refresheth Consumptive Limbs . Lunaria is a special Remedy for a Cancer . An Apple applyed to Warts , and buried under ground , mortifies them . CHAP. XVII . Lastly , Mineral and Marine Substances Act upon the Idea's of Diseases , by defacing , or expunging them . THE Legitimate Spir. of Vitriol Amber , Terra Sigillata , Red Coral , Natural Cinnabar . Cinnabar of ♁ . The Emeral'd , scatter those black Clouds arising from the horrid Spectrums of the Appoplexie , Epilepsie , introducing instead thereof a brightness and splendour in the Spirits . Our Bezoartick powder with ☽ doth notable things to this purpose . It operates rarely well in Comatous Evils and Watchings . Balsam of Saturn appeases the furious Commotion of the brain . The Sulphur of Vitriol Cures the Vertigo or Diziness . The pure Tincture of Tutia respects the Good of the Eyes , causing the Species of Objects to be seen more plain . Sal Punella , Flowers of Brimstone , made as they should be , are doubtless , of commendable use in the Quinzie , and Tissick . Tincture of Mars , Lapis Haematites , and Vitriol , stop excessive Bleeding . Antimonium Diaphoreticum is conducible in Imposthumes of the Lungs . The Flowers of ♁ fixed , are so prized in an Empical Condition . Bezoar , Mineral , dissolves blood congealed , and is of great validity in a Phthisis ; but above all , the Anodine Sulphur of Vitriol is to be preferred . Coral Revives the Vital Image in Lipothymical Persons . Powder of Crystal encreaseth Milk. Spirit of ♄ amends the defects of the Stomack . Emeral'd , Coral , Sulphur of ☉ are magnified for good Remedies in Cholera and Dysenterie . Mars , Saccharum ♄ Clarifie the Spleen , Reforming it's peccant Idea's . The Load-stone applyed to the Navil , causeth Cholick pains to cease by destroying the Image of the Disease . The Sea Spong , Sal Gemm , is much commended in Schrofulous Affects . Sal Gemm Artificially prepared , is extolled in Bubonocele and Enterocele , Mercury destroys all sorts of Worms . Essence of Amber , Venice Borace , Revives the Image of Virility , extinguishing the ill-favoured type of sterility . Ludus Paracels . reduces the Stone of the Kidneys or Bladder to it's first Principles . Spirit of Mercury causeth the Corrupting Impress of the Sore in the Kidneys or Bladder to fade away ; revocating a Healing Facultie . The true tincture of Coral , purified Sulphur of ♂ puts a stop to Diabetes . Antimony fixed , restrains the virulencie of a Gonorrhaea . The Emeral'd Red Coral , well ordered , gives succour in Pissing Blood. Crocus Metallorum , easeth the blind Piles ▪ but above all , Van Helm . Ring . Aetites , or Eagle stone placed in the upper parts above the Navil , hinders Abortion ; Situate below about the Thighs , cau●seth timely Delivery . Osteocolla , or Lapis Ossifragus taken Inwardly , helps to Unite broken bones . Vitriol healeth Wounds at a distance . The Stone , called a Saphire , wonderfully brings to naught the Poysonous form of a Carbuncle . Arsenick after a peculiar manner , Cures Ulcers . Antimony the eyes . If Hydrophobus be soused in Sea Water , the Image of the Dog pourtrayed in the Phancie of him , who is bitten , becomes annihilated . Crystal dug out of the Earth , resists the Malignity of Arsnick , Auripigmentum , Sandaracha . Thus far have I pointed at that Pharmacy , which having a Gift of Healing implanted in it , strikes immediately at the inward Efficient Cause of our Infirmities . In the next place , I shall make a progress in Removing the Outward Occasional , Irritating , or Exasperating Matter , which provokes , enrages the Archeus , causing it to fall into inordinate Passions , and Perturbations , whereby Diseases break forth , are encreased , become tedious , or lethiferous , if not timely prevented . CHAP. XVIII . THere is not any Faculty , or Profession hath more imposed upon the Credulity of Mankind , than Physick , considering how precious the Subject is to be handled , likewise how easily we might be Convinced of the grand Errors , and abominable Abuses , thrust upon us , to the loss of our Lives , yea , our very Souls , were we not obstinate , self-conceited unspeakably Idle , and Malicious . In a Comedy , called the Cheats , an address is made to a Reverend Learned Doctor , a Galenist , for advice in a difficult Disease ; who no sooner views the Urine , but forthwith gives Councel to Bleed and purge . I wish this were only Comical , and were not indeed Tragical . What Cruelty , Tyranny , Torments hath been Exercised by the Galenists ov●r Mankind ? What Butcheries and 〈◊〉 hath been made of poor Mortals 〈◊〉 ▪ by bleeding , and purging , is practically known to all Perspicacious Physitians every Week , yea , every Day . How indirectly do these Men assume to themselves priviledges , who , I 'le maintain to their Faces demonstratively , are not able to Cure any great Feaver Radically , with Judgment worthy of a Philosopher . Can any deliberate , well advised Man think , that it was ever the intent of any Prince , to set up a Company of Men to destroy their Subjects , or at least , to suffer them to enjoy any Royal priviledge , if they perversely , against the perspicuous Light of Reason , and clear testimony of Fact , should persist in their male-praxis , their Active , wilful Homicide , at this day , when Van Helm . like a Prometheus , hath by means of Fire ( blown up by a Heavenly Benediction ) Discovered , and taught the World the Cure of those truculent Calamities , which that Epimetheus , or Protoplastes , by opening Pandora's Box , hath brought upon it . I have in Haematia , offered Dr. Willis , or any other Semi-Chymist , or Chymicophant , to make it appear by Solid Experiments , that Bleeding ( as there stated ) is an indirect way to overcome any Grand Disease . Se● surdo narro dum sibi plaudunt . 'T is all one , as if I should vociferate to Neptune that he would forbear to swallow up Ships , Passengers , and Treasure , sith 't is the Nature of the Ocean agitated with the Fury of a Tempest , to Execute such mischief . So it is equally in vain , for me to cry aloud ( if I had Stentor's Voice ) that Dogmatists would forbear to destroy their Countrey-men ; for as much as Nature , Education , Voracious Appetite of Gain , and Honour , hurry them to that End. However I shall always discharge my Duty in reprehending their vitious Method , detecting how mischievous it is to the Life of Man. As I have deservedly declaimed against Phlebotomie , with Arguments , and Experiments , sufficient to perswade any intelligent Person , that it is a Reprobate means of Conquering any great Infirmity . So I shall at this time make manifest for the satisfaction of the Senses of all Judicious Men , that the common Instruments the Galenists use in Purging , or carrying off the Occasional , Provoking , Morbisique Matter are unworthy to be prescribed by those , who own themselves Learned Doctors . That I may therefore justly reprove those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who keep Men in Purgatory , without Expiation of the Errors of Life . I shall ( besides most clarified Reasons depending upon long Experience ) alledge the Authority of Hippocrates , and Galen , for the Countenancing what I deliver . That brave Heroe Hippocrates hath delivered to Posterity two Aphorisms , worthy to be Written in the Frontispiece of every Honest Able Physitians House . The Sense of the first is mentioned five several times in divers places ; as Aphor. 2. Lib. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 &c. Also Lib. 1. Aphor. 23. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. Again , Aphor. 25. of the same Book , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. Likewise Aphor. 3. Lib. 4. the same words are repeated . And Aphor. 2. of the same Book , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : Intimating by these Repetitions , that Physitians ought to have a singular care what they purged out of the Body . The Second most useful Rule he gives , is Aphor. 21. Lib. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Denoting that in all Evacuations we ought to Observe the Motion , Orgasm , Inclination of Nature , and most convenient passages for that purpose . If these Catharsists were Legitimate Disciples of a Master so excellently well Versed in Healing , they would never thus promiscuously exclude good and bad Juices , by their colliquating Solutives , without any Euphorie or Profit to the Sick Man ; giving Purging and Vomiting Medicines so often repeated , that their Patients have complained they have emptied upward and downward 500. times ; yea , some a Thousand , yet have found no melioration of their Health , but a decay of their Vitals . Nothing is more Common than to meet with those , who ( when for their Redress , I commend Vomiting , or Purgative Physick ) presently Reply , they have undergone too much of that , desiring me to forbear : When some , upon promise of Safety , and Efficacy , have taken my Emetick Tincture , Emeto Diaphoret , or Emeto Cathar , Powder or Pill with benefit : Yet having found little sensible Evacuation , they have murmured , fearing lest the Physick lay in their Body to their future hurt ; supposing the same malignity to be in mine , as in the Galenical Solutives ; and that we were to judge of the Patients Restauration according to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the largeness and number of Sieges . The miserable Experience of Colliquating Purgatives , taken into my own Body , the space of Seven or Eight Years , without any solid Cure , taught me that the uncorrected Catharticks of the Dispensatory oftentimes carry off peccant Juices , without profit , making as much as they discharge , wronging the Ferments , weakning the Tone of the Stomack , forcing Nature to move a way contrary to the stream of her own 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Morbifique Dross . And when at any time there succeeds any Redress after plentiful Evacuations by this means , it is by Accident in Robust Bodies , where the Disease is trivial , Nature standing upon her own Leggs , the Vessels permeable ; also an Impetuous motion in the Matter attenuated , ready upon an easie Irritation to be sent packing . However this Exploit will not Nobilitate a Physitian , or his Art , seeing ( take one time with another ) this way doth double the mischief to the Good. Neither is he upon this account able to promise the Radical Cure of any great Infirmity , very rarely , when 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sitting , but never when she is jacent . Then truly this is no more than the good Old Woman can perform by her simple Method ; wherefore for Satisfaction of Ingenuous Lovers of Knowledge , let us a little contemplate a Beadrol or Register of their stronger and weaker Solutives , with their Correctiors . Can any one , who knows what belongs to poysons , believe that Gum Arabick , Tragacauth , Bdellium , are in any proportion fitting Mortifiers of the poyson of Colocynthis , which hath proved Death in the Stomack of many a Man ? Is Vinegar sufficient to amend the virulency of the Roots of Esula , Lawrel , or Mezereum , &c. Can Milk tame the Cacoethie of Elaterium , the Acid Gas of Sulphur , Scamony ? Or the Juice of Quinces the Root of black Hellebore ? Or Water wash away the Realgar of Lapis Lazuli ? I could never find yet by repeated Essays , that Sanders , Violets , Ginger , Mastick , Anniseed , Cinnamon , Saffron , Daucus Seed , Almonds , Penidia , Pepper , Spikenard , with several Gums , have any power to take off , to a purpose , the Deleterie Nature of Grand , boysterous Catharticks ; neither do they otherwise than Disguise the more gentle Poyson of Minoratives ( as they call them ) as Manna , Cassia , Reubarb , Sena , Agarick , Myrobal , Carthamus , Mechoa , Soldan , Turbith . I grant some have now and than a present ease by uncorrected Purgatives ; but 't is no other than what happened to the Doctors Servant , who , upon eating two or three Spiders , discharged her Stomack , had a stool or two , so was for a while freed from her Grief . For all that , let me give a Caution to those , who without scruple swallow down Intoxicating Compounds , Electuaries , Potions , Pills , or Powders ( far worse than a simple Spider ) that at length by frequent sumption of the same , they make not an Indeleble Character or Impress upon the Stomack , never to be razed out by any Art ( as I have known ) the Thread of their Life being cut short ( according to Humane probability ) half in half : withal what they enjoyed had much feebleness and irksomness in it . How can it indeed be otherwise , forasmuch their Oracle , Galen saith very true in this : Omne purgans Naturae Inimicum . Certainly , Naturae bellum inferre Odiosum . He that Offers violence to the Vitals , takes a course to dissolve the compage of his Body the sooner . Neither do I charge their own proper Emeticks , or Catharticks , as Malefactors , but I moreover accuse those they have borrowed of the vulgar Chymists , viz. Infusio Croc. Metal . abusively called Vinum Benedictum , ☿ Vit. ☿ dul Sublimat , ☿ dul Praecipit . Turpet Miner . Vinum Antimo . Vinum Rubel . These are their scandalous Chymical Medicines , as bad , if not worse , than those which Mountebanks , cheating Astrologers , or those Quacks , who with their Ominous Bills , make a most doleful noise in the streets , and every corner , worse than scritch-Owls , or Night Ravens . 'T is not strange then that the common sort of People , yea , even those of better Quality , know not how to distinguish between Chymical Preparations , Real , or counterfeit ; those safe and Hazardous : between Efficacious and Fruitless , Elaborately defaecated , Philosophically handled , and those slightly contrived , or rudely flubbered over . Herein lies the cheat , that the Galenists assuming to themselves the Name of Chymists ; Incogitant , unwary Persons take it for granted ( by reason of the Authority , prevailing credit , they have gained among Persons of Degree , by seeming to be what they are not ) that Men of so many Letters , must needs be the only Legitimate Sophi in our Science ; whereas through want of Integrity , Industry , Difficult Labour with their own Hands , Magnanimity , Arnauty , a Design of Noble Enterprizes , it is impossible they should arrive to any pitch of Knowledge in Pyrotechnie . So weak are the Judgments of some of our Academicks , even those who Rank themselves among Scholars of the higher class , that I am ready to blush , observing what 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in their Understanding , how dim sighted their minds are , to make a right Distinction of things , and to value them as they are in themselves . These are they , who assent that Dr. Willis , with certain others , are able Chymists , because having stolen a plat-form of more refined Philosophy out of Van Helmont , they have made a large spacious Rhetorical superstructure , most part Sermocinal , little practically Salutiferous . Let me tell those , who covet to Learn , 't is not a vast Library , profound speculations in a Closet , an Eloquent Tongue , a dexterity in Writing Elegantly , a pretty slight in prescribing after the manner of their boasting Method , a concourse of multitude of Patients , the Applause of Great Men , Professors of the University , Virtuosi ( who of all Men methinks , should be most cautious how they acquit Dogmatical Physitians ) nor the Vogue of certain altogether Interested Apothecaries , Chirurgeons , Midwives , or Nurses , can justifie a Man as an Authentick , Philosophical Chymist , unless he walk plainly , according to Helmontian Principles , viz. Renounce Phlebotomy altogether , according to the Indication of Evacuation or Revulsion ; laying aside all ill-conditioned Vomiting , and Purging Instruments , Praedatorie Diaphoreticks , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grating , Fretting Diureticks , and divers torturing palliating ways . He then that will rid the body of those cadaverous , Foul , Out-lawed , Fretting Excrements , like Thorns or Splinters extimulating the Archeus , to make sundry Ideas of Calamities : Let him hunt after those Remedies that the Vitals have a pleasing Gust for , which Obsecundate and follow the Genius of Nature in the propulsion of Impurities , wheresoever sited , what way soever tending , withal obtain a Faculty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to turn by meer contact any thing depraved in the Body to a better condition . Seeing 't is most difficult to attain , Paracelsus his , or our great Philosopher Van Helmont's Arcana's , e. g. Tinctur Lili ab Electro Minera . Mercur. Vit stibii proles Integra . Tinctu Lili Antimon . Mercurius Diaphore . Element . Ignis e Cupro , ☿ Corallat , &c. Let him put out himself to the utmost , using all means possible to purchase such a Pharmacy , agreeable to the Doctrine of our Philosopher , Fabricated according to his Rules ingeneral , endeavouring 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to imitate his Illustrious Spagyrical Secrets , so by degrees let him aspire to greater things . Let him study to defaecate throughly the Sulphur of ♁ , that it may be at the Command and beck of Nature , exterminating whatsoever annoys without blemishing the Ferments . Let him Marry the well purified Sulphur of ♁ , to the sweet Sulphur of a Vegetable , entertaining both into a delectable Bath . He ought also to digest ♁ with an Alkali ; afterward to extract a high Tincture , subservient to Nature , in cleansing , sweeping away filth or dregs in the Body , making a Happy alteration in the Texture of degenerate Juices . The Red and Citrine Sulphur of ♁ made by praecipitation , well sweetned with the Alcohol of Wine , afterward intimately joyned with a Solar Sulphur , fulfills the dictates of Nature , in proscribing per loca Commoda , without damnifying the stomack , whatsoever is Rebellious , Conspiring against Life , stirring up the Archeus to Indignation . Bezoard , Mincra , Solar , Luna , Iovial , may be so coyned , and such a stamp set upon them , that they may safely , and effectually agitate the Morbifique Matter , Hunting , Chasing it every way , without offering Injury to the Noble parts , or leaving an Evil Tang behind . The Yellow Sulphur of ♁ like the Common , likewise it 's Cinnabar , worked upon Philosophically , will bring to pass the former End powerfully . Out of the Flowers , Regul , Glass of ♁ , may be extracted harmless , gentle Emeticks , Cathart , Diaphoret , Diureti . always leaving an Euphorie and Euphrasie behind . ☿ Well nigh fixed with ☉ or ☽ doth assist Nature to disturb , Ferret , profligate , vitious , lentous , stubborn , coagulated foulness , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with Relevation . Our Emetocathar , Emeto Diaphore Powder , or Pill ; our Bezoar Powder , as I can fabricate it by the Adjunct of ☉ or ☽ take part with Nature to help it to Conquer great Evils , excluding the Nosopoietick Thorns and Bryars , those Goads in the sides of the Archeus , extimulating it to Extravagant Passions , through the Sluce , or Out-let most patulous and Convenient : Withal they sweeten 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , any extream Acid , mortifie malignant Idea's of the Scurvy , &c. taming great acute Griefs safely , generally affording Solace . This they Act whether they Vomit , Purge or no , keeping in it's Integrity , what is sound , and meliorating what is depraved . Our Emetick Tincture is endued with the same Excellency with the former , but Operates more insensibly , and with somewhat more Advantage to the Vital strength . Our Pil. Polychrest causeth an Eutony in the stomack , helps Digestion , purifieth the Blood , dilates Coarctations , or Constrictions , opens Passages Obstructed , dam'd up with gross congealed stuff , which it attenuateth , abstergeth . It allays , Edulcorates sharp fretting Liquors : It sweetly dischargeth any thing noxious through the Intestines , Kidneys , Gullet , Wind-pipe , and Skin , with Augmentation of the strength , without impairing the Ferments , or Offending the Parts . He that possesseth this Pill , need very seldom prescribe a Glyster . I my self have taken many Thousands , and given multitudes of them to others , to the diminution of that stubborn Infirmity the Scurvy , the Advancement of the Vital Faculty much suppressed thereby . Common Sulphur Sublimed with ♂ is no contemptible cleanser away of Impurities , Lodged about the Hypochondries , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Colocynth . Scamon . Elateri . The Root of Esul , Hellebo . Alb. digested with a most refined Mineral Sulphur , and Salt of Tart Volati ; so that their Poysons become introverted , evade Friendly Catharticks , Diaphoret , Diureti , sufficient to assist the Archeus to subjugate Ferine Refractory Diseases . Syrma Ortho Chymicum . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 THE ART of MIDWIFERY Chymically Asserted . WHat Calamity , Exorbitant Passions , and dreadful Pains of the Womb succeeded the depravation of the Stomack by Lustful Fruit : How at this day each Membranous Body darts Benevolent , or Malevolent Aspects one upon another reciprocally , according as they are well or ill affected , is known to the Theological Physitian . These two Membranous Vessels contain the Seminal Cause of those innumerable Infirmities belonging to Woman-kind double to Man ; sith according to Plato , she harbours , as it were , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . To find out Remedies adequately effectual to amend the Irregularities and Extravagant Motions of this Uterine Animal , requires a most expert Philosopher ; but to appease or tame sometimes it 's furious Raging Commotions , will put one upon the search of something Magical . He that thinks any Galenist 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 professing Midwifery , Exercising a Function herein to be sufficiently furnished with Abilities for that purpose , is meerly led by the Opinion of the World , not by solid Reasons , and Repeated Experiments . For I can prove it in the General Impossible ex Facto ( if I were put to it ) that any but the Legitimate Chymist , can Relieve , or Cure Uterine Calamities safely , gratefully , effectually , and speedily . The truth of what I here deliver time will make perspicuous . When I was first called to this Science of Physick , I was Advised to apply my Studies in especial manner to the Art of Midwifery , which I easily listned to , being captivated with considerable gain amounting thereby , apprehending it principally a Manual Operation not difficultly to be attained . But my modesty , and second thoughts of aspiring to a more ample Knowledge in Physick , took me off . And well it so happened according to Divine Providence , sith had I insisted upon that Subject , I had neither been any whit an Experienced Physitian , nor skilful in the Feat of obstetricating . For I plainly discovered afterward , that to one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Child-bed Labour , who justly called for the Hand of any Man with his Chirurgical Instruments , upon the Account of a Dead Child , or the preposterous indirect Position of the Living , Hundreds required the help of a Learned Chymist ; affording proper Remedies for the Assistance of the Vitals of the Mother and Child , to the End , that this great Work of Happy partitude or Delivery might be performed as it ought . Wherefore the accomplished Chymist , who can Vindicate his Analeptica , Antipyreta , Antihysterica , and Anodyna far transcending the Galenical Preparations in all stubborn Maladies whatsoever , ought to be especially consulted with , when sorrows of bringing forth infest the Miserable Woman . Many remarkable Histories to this purpose could I relate , the space of Eighteen years , wherein I have observed a constant redress of those grievous unprofitable pangs , to follow the Oblation of our Pharmacie , without the production of preter-natural Heat , or any other bad Symptom . Moreover , most Parturients , or Child-bed-Women Miscarry , by reason of Irregular Dyet , through Malignant Feavers arising from the Scurvy , retention of the Lochia , rash restriction of Enormontick sweats , indiscreet Management of the Milk , as happened to my own Wife , who after the Pestilential Feaver was Mastred by proper Antidotes , was destroyed by the Ignorance of a Midwife , applying to the Mamillary Emunctory a Topick , which in a dozen hours caused a total Anadrome of the virulent Milk toward the Center , whereupon a great Coagulation of the Blood followed , Haemoptysis the privation of a commodious Universal Sweat , Dyspnaea , and other direful Accidents . In all these Exigents the Learned Iatrical Chymist , not the Noso-Poietick Galenist , ought to be sought unto for Advice . Had I Opportunity to enlarge , which I may hereafter , I could demonstrate how insufficient these Galenical Opinionative Men-Midwives ( as they call them ) are to prevent Abortion in Gravids ; to remove the deep Impressions of Futious unbridled Passions and Perturbations , the evil consequences of Bruises by Falls , or Strokes ; to rectifie the depraved Appetite , to prescribe a Salutiferous Dyet , before , and after Lying in ; to Administer competent Corroboratives for the welfare of Mother and Child , and the Auspicious promotion of her bringing forth . I could also make it apparent by our Theory and Practice , how Ignorant the Galenical Obstetricatio●s are of the Right Method and Means of Curing the manifold Diseases incident to poor Infants ; how Thousands of Children have suffered through the unadvised Administration of Diascordium , and other Opiats . But studying concisenes I must desist at present , being ready upon all Occasions to maintain by Fact what I have here asserted . The Character of a Legitimate Ortho-Chymist . THE Legitimate Philosophical Chymist hath laid his Foundation in Learning . The Institutions , Notions , Axioms , and Theorems in Natural Philosophy delivered to him , he doth not take up on meer trust , without a severe scrutinie into the Truth of the same by the Test of Experience . His Theory , and his Practice , His Ratio and Exploratio go hand in hand . He is able to give an Account of the Beginning , Progress , Entelechy , Declension , and Retrogradation of Physical Bodies ; the Aitiologie of the Defections , Interpositions , Eclipses , Alterations in Nature , principally of the Infirmities , and Maladies belonging to Man's Body , according to whose Indications , Phaenomena , Symptoms , Fruits , and Products , he finds out , and applicates appropriate Remedies . He works with his own hands , taking into his own Body first for tryal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his Manufactures , that he may understand whether they be Authentick , or Apocrypha before he dares offer them to his Patients . He is furnished with some prevalent Polyacea's , which he carrieth along with him whithersoever he goeth , ready to be exhibited upon all Occasions , either for the sufflaminating , or putting a stop to the full Carreir of an acute Disease ( till a more eompleat provision of Medical Instruments can be brought forth ) or for the forthwith breaking the Egg , and suffocating the Embryon of any Ferine Calamity . His most preheminent Intentions in Curing is to uphold Nature , to pacifie the fury and perturbation of the Archeus , to expunge Morbifique Idea's , for which purpose he studies by all means to remove the Occasional cause of all Griefs , without annoying the Ferments of the shops of Digestion . He is not deficient in a competent necessary knowledge of Anatomicks and Botanicks , so far as they manuduct him to the Cure of miserable Man ( being satisfied that the Life of Mortals , if it were far longer , is too short to Anatomize Materia Medica , that the Essential Virtues of Concrets may be Elicitated ) but he deservedly sets at naught , and derides the Galenical Theatrical periergies , Curiosities , in dissecting Bodies of little use , unless for Ostentation , to get Practice and Applause among the Ignorant Vulgar . He Operates not according to the express Letter of a Tyrocinium Chymicum , nor gives credit to it further than General Philosophical Rules ; his own Intellect and former Iterated Experiments direct him . He claims , as his just Right , the Cure of outward , as well as inward corporal Evils . He is seldom but as a Man mistaken in the Prognôsis , or Prediction of Life and Death . His promises and performances generally accord . He stands not gaping for a Critical day , but forthwith falls to his business of Animating the Vitals , for the Expulsion of the Enemy without Truce . He hates to do any thing wilfully as unworthy of a good Moralist , and an Elected Physitian ; but studies by all means possible , to keep up the Credit of the Art , without prostituting it to Lucre or Lust ; and he is indifferent whether he enjoy the favour of Great Men , unless out of a candid respect for Truth ; chusing rather to be then to seem a Healer of Man's Infirmities Fundamentally : Wherefore he detests an Hermaphroditical Chymist , & his Linsey-Woolsey Texture halting ( for his unworthy by-Ends ) between two Opinions , one that by surreptitious means raises his Fame , adorned like the Jack-daw , with other Birds Feathers , making the World believe they are his own by Birth-right . His Integrity makes him daring , the precious value of the Subject he works upon zealous , the thoughts he entertains how far short he yet comes of the height of this unlimitted Science , makes him humble , ready to Learn of any who offers a Demonstration : Neither doth himself desire to be Credited farther than Reason and Sense shall induce . He rather diminisheth , than enlargeth the Virtues of his Remedies , by no means attributing to them what they are not able to effect , brought to the Touch-stone of Iterated Tryals ; neither doth he magnifie those as Elaborate Medicinal Arcana's , Mustering up a long Scheme of them , when in all probability not one deserves that Title . He is ready to meet any one of Literature to confer with him about the well-fare of a Patient , to be informed what is most fitting to be done , supposed all Animosity , and all confused Passion be laid aside , withal allowing Matter of Fact to determine the controversie . He hates to supplant another Physiitian , by using unworthy means to get a Patient out of his hands , or to pass a censure more than he can prove : yea , were not the Contest about matters of the highest importance , whose indifferent lukewarm or Conniving Defence would endanger the Soul , he would scorn to hurt or attaint the Fame , Reputation and Honour of his greatest Antagonist : however , upon a cordial resipiscence would be the first would cover his Lapses , and set him right . A Character of the Pseudo-chymist or Counterfeit . THe Pseudochymist is an Upstart thing , as it were a Mushrome , suddenly sprung up , receiving , for the most part , his Seminal Being from the Publick Prescriptions of the Galenists , their disrespect to the Chymical Orthomethod of Healing , and their gross Ignorance in handling Materia Medica . Hereby this Fungus animated , having by Accident , Contract , or another By-way purchased some ordinary Medicaments , which he prodigally giving without any precise Method at a venture in difficult Diseases , becomes more cryed up for his notable feats in Physick by the Multitude than the Dogmatists , both conspiring alike to ruine man. Thus farther emboldned , he rusheth in at the back-door disguised , strait falls to act his part on the Scene of this Microcosm , with a full design to cheat all that he can draw to him . Then from a Mechanick , as a Gunsmith , Tailer , Shoomaker , he is by the bewitching Tongue of Nurses Midwives , or the like Gang perhaps ravished with his jugling Astrological Prodictions metamorphized into a Formal Doctor , who created by the rabble at first , and clambring higher by vulgar steps , at length insinuates by his Imposture , Wiles , Craft , Impudence , and Flattery into some great Mens Favour : upon this he forthwith passes currant for an approved Chymist ; although , if he should be put to the Test , he would turn all into dross . To advance his base enterprize the more , he hath in readiness , his Emissaries , whom he hires or Bribes to trumpet out , magnifie , and extol his rare Cures : he endeavours to prostitute this Chast Art , to make it a very Whore to his Lusts , Pimp or Pander to compass his vile Ends. He is Impudent beyond expression , and because Stupid and Ignorant , a most sworn Enemy to Learning : yet will admire Van Helm . although he never read him , nor is in least able to understand him , though Translated into his Mother Tongue . He boasts of his Specious Furnaces : but seldome handles a retort himself , yet will tell you what Herculean Labours he hath undergone ; what he hath atchieved : making comparisons with the Best . He and the Galenist are herein well met for Subtlety , for like Apes , they know how to take Nuts out of the fire with the Paw of the Cat. This Foul Bird such as the Poet speaks of ( contactu omnia foedans ) hath a strang faculty by the enchanting melodious Tune of his Long Bill , setting out his wonderful Cures , to draw one into his Net , hiding the rest of his ugly body , till he hath picked your Pocket , wronged your Health , or mortally wounded you . He Counterfeits the true Chymist ( as the Hyaena a Mans voice ) tempting unwary people to come unto him , and then worries them . He , and the Chymical Galenist , like Davus , confound the whole World , so that few know how to chuse the Right , and leave the Wrong Way of Curing . He is still sowing his Pseudochymical Tares so thick , that Orthochymical Wheat is in danger to be strangled thereby . Although he be really of no Religion , yet sometimes he , as well as the Galenist , will profess to be of some Congregational Church , or of some Fanatical Conventicle , to the end , being changed into an Angel of Light , he may set a specious gloss of Piety upon his fraudulent ways , hereby gaining more reputation amongst the Brethren , he may cozen his Patients more plausibly . At his first entrance upon Pseudochymical Devices , he pretends to be a great Astrologer , thereby to determine whether the Sick shall live or die : yea to make him more notoriously famous , he undertakes to tell Fortunes , to instruct the people how they may come by their stolen Goods again , whether Mariners shall make prosperous Voyages , whether men shall meet with good or bad success in Marriage , Women with the like , &c. But afterward having pretty well feather'd his Nest , by plucking those Credulous Gulls who have stooped to his Call , also now his Art of casting Figures becoming more and more suspected , likewise conscious to himself the Heavens will not suffer any longer his Impostures ; he begins to lay aside Ouranoscopie , thinking it best non altum sapere , sith quae supra nos nihil ad nos , and betakes himself to Ouroscopie , where he fixes , pretending to be a notable Pispot Prophet , to tell by bare inspection of the Urine , without farther enquiry , what 's the Disease , whether the Party may recover , and how long , &c. To this Hocus Pocus Women of all Sorts and Degrees flock to know whether they be with Child ; yea supposed Maidens to be resolved whether their Tympany be Intestineal or Uterine , how they may be rid of the last with privacy , whose expectations he says , upon good Terms , he is ready to satisfie to all intents and purposes , by means of a secret knack he hath attained . I could acquaint my Countreymen if I had leisure , with multitude of Gins , Traps , and Snares this Bastard Chymist lays to catch the simple harmless man , that he make a Prey of his Body and Purse . In short , he is a most Pestilent Animal , no more fitting to be tolerated by the Magistrate , than Wolves and Foxes amongst Sheep . A Short Description , or Explanation of the Happy Efficacy , and Sanative Virtue of Our STOMACK ESSENCE . THE Grand Opposers of the Ortho-Chymical way did put me hard to it at first , by reason of the Implicite belief most Men have Supinely , and in a blind manner of Obedience ( without further Scrutinie , yielded to their Authority and Antiquity ) to preserve this most Useful , Florid , Splendid Remedy , Ess. Stom . from being blasted , or extinguished by their malignant Breath , more mischievous to the Truth of Direct Healing than any Mephitical damp to the Life of Man. However 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 crescit sub pondere Virtus , the more they have endeavoured to suppress it by fastning false weights of Defamation to it , viz. that it was too hot , inflaming , burning , too strong , violent , consuming the Radical moisture , shortning the Life , withal under-valuing it , that it was no better than Pepper drops , and that it might be made in half a dozen hours , which Dr. Merret unworthily Reported behind my back , who ( when I came to face him offering to give it under my Hand presently to be bound to reward him with a Hundred pounds the next Morning , if he would teach me to make it in twenty four hours ) replyed by way of Collusion , that he could counterfeit it in that time . I say , the more these Chymicophants have laboured to sink down this Noble Remedy , the more it hath sprung up , and flourished to their grand shame : Yea , I dare averr upon Reasonable Experimental grounds , this Polyacea will be esteemed by Posterity one of the best Medicines for it's general Utility to the Life of Mortals , Innocent Nature , Pleasant Gust , and easie purchase that ever yet came to light . He that will may read the just Vindication of it , Published formerly , none of my Adversaries daring to oppose it openly , unless a tergo sneakingly below a Generous Man. What Excellency I have here Attributed to it , rather comes short , than transcends it's desert . This Medicine is not with little Labour Fabricated , being brought over in Glasses above twenty several times , and digested many days . It consisteth of three pure Volatiles , United , fetched out of the Store-House of Animal , Vegetable , and Marine Substances , which produce these Salutary Effects following . It exceedingly strengthens the Stomack , helps it's Digestion , encreaseth and maketh Active the Vital Spirits , and their Instruments by which they work ( called Ferments ) rectifies the Spleen , scatters and expels Wind , Vapours , or any wandring wild Spirit , which flies in a moment from one place to another , vexing the parts . It sweetens in some measure the sharpness of the thin Liquors in the Body , which often-times causes pains , Feavers , &c. It subtilly enters the Veins and Arteries , being carried about with the Blood , which it very much cleanses . It carries off to the out-side whatsoever is impure , causing a kindly breathing in the Skin . It also causeth Urine , conveying Gravel from the Kidneys , hindring that it may not be engendred and fixed . It is helpful in difficulty and pain of making Water , coming forth sometimes by drops . 'T is of great Service against pains of the side , the Colick , Griping of the Guts . It is a very great Cordial , preserving from fainting , and restoring those who are surprized with loss of Vital Spirits . It is very effectual to keep one from , and to Cure Surfeits . It is very powerfully good against the Scurvy , or any poysonous , ill-conditioned , infectious Evils . It prevents , and helps to Cure all kind of Feavers . It quencheth the Thirst to an Admiration , above all supposed cooling things whatsoever . It bringeth Preternatural heat or coldness to a due moderation , by removing the Efficient Cause thereof , reducing the parts to their former strength . It is available against Fits of the Mother ; the Whites . It dissolves Congealed , Curdled Matter ; ripeneth raw Juices , bringing them either to a better Condition for the Use of Nature , or preparing them to be sent packing out of the Body , by convenient ways and Medicaments . It abates a nauseons Disposition , or Vomiting , by confirming the Membranes of the Stomack , and by promoting the throwing off that which disturbs it . It cutteth , and cleanseth away slimy Birdlime-like Flegm , giving ease in difficulty of Breathing , mitigating the violence of the Tissick . It is admirably useful against Melancholy Imaginations , passions from the Spleen , &c. called Hypochondriak : an evil state of body arising for want of proportionable Nutriment , or from Galenical Medicaments . It availeth against the Dropsie , or Consumption . The frequent use thereof strengthens the Brain , Sinews , Loyns , Memory , and all the Senses . Stom . Ess. outwardly applyed , challengeth noble effects : For 't is very Healing , Balsamical , curing green Wounds and plain Soars , being often touched therewith . I have hitherto found it constant in happily Curing Burnings , Scorchings or Scaldings ; some drops being frequently distilled thereon , and forced inward by the bottom of a smooth Glass . I cannot but experimentally commend it as one of the best asswagers of the pain of the Teeth , I have hitherto met with . It is also of great force to preserve them from corruption , likewise in part to restore them ; resisting the putrifaction of the Gums . Neither is it to be contemned for the mitigation of the pains of any part , strengthning and quickning the Vital Spirit thereof . With many more laudable properties is Stom . Ess. or Alexi flomachon endued , which the frequent use thereof , and a longer strict observation , will bring to light . The quantity to be given , is measured by the greatness and st●bborness of the Disease : for sometimes ten or twenty times as much as the common portion , ought to be offered : neither is it to be feared that any hurt will arise therefrom . The ordinary Dose , or extent of giving it , is twenty , thirty , forty , fifty , sixty drops in a draught of any Liquor , as Beer , Ale , separate or mixt ; sometimes Wine , as Sack , or whatsoever doth best relish with the person . It may be taken at any time when the Stomach is out of orde● , troubled with Indigestion , Wind , Pains , Gripes , or any of the foresaid vexations ; then let them take liberally thereof . He that constantly takes every morning thirty or forty drops , shall prevent many mischiefs in reference to his Health . I doubt not but the Galeno-Chymists , or the Pseudo-chymists will like Apes endeavour to imitate and counterfeit this experienced Essence ( which before I am convinced by Fact , I shall presume to prefer before any Medicament of its rank , yet visibly extant among us . ) Of such I shall advise my Countreymen to beware , for these Adulterators will but disgrace and degrade it ; for I am sure none can find out the true way of making it , unless he be a knowing Philosopher , working with his own hands , and taking Preparations into his own Stomach . Thus much I advertise ; He that dextrously can volatilize Salt of Tart. may do something tending to this purpose , otherwise not . He that desires to be farther instructed concerning the defence of the Virtues of this Essence , and the disproving of what is spoken against it by Mal●volents , ; let him read with integrity the just commendation of it in Haematiasis , &c. Indefatigable perseverance in opening Bodies ●y the Fire , and the repeated Assumption of what was thence produced , hath brought me to the knowledge of a Pill I call Polychrest , which consists of three Golden Sulphurs from Minerals well purified , and friendly to Nature ; whose innocence , as well as effectual Operation , is remarkable , and upon tryal to be justified by any who understands a good Remedy . They are conducible in most Diseases . They act by cleansing , opening , corroborating and purifying the Blood , without leaving the least ill impress behind , for they contain no laxative so noxious as Senna or Rewbarb . they are of great force to conquer the Scurvie : also prevalent against the Dropsie . They prevent the Stone , and carry off Gravel . They sweeten sharp Liquors in the Body . They overcome the Venereal or foul Disease , if taken a considerable time : neither is it to be suspected , that one may be weakned by the long frequent use of them ; for they , contrary to other purging Concretes , make one more lusty and vigorous , as I have found in my having taken many thousands of them with an advancement of my strength . They reform the Spleen ; help to cure Feavers , prevent relapses and long Maladies . They may be swallowed at any time of the day or night ; neither will they cause injury , but rather benefit , if they loosen not the body in twenty four hours , which is rare , for usually they give a stool or two in that space . The Dose is two or three Pills a little before Supper , or early in the Morning . The Patient proceeding thus for three or four days , and resting a day or two , and then repeating them . Tinct . nost ▪ Emetica , is profitable in all Malignant Feavers , in the griping or loosness of the Belly , difficulty of Breathing ; pain of the Sides , Headach , Diseases of the Stomach & Spleen . It leaves the Vitals more cheerful and active . It matters not whether it work or no by vomit or stool ; however , it will do good by Sweat , or causing Urine . If the party be capable , it may be given a week together , at any time of the day or night , I often give it in bed . Pul. Emeto Catharticus is profitable in many Diseases , ( as Emetica Tinctur . ) It searches out the Morbifick matter , leaving wholesome Juyces untouched : when other Vomits are given in vain this Profiteth . Pil. Emeto Cathart . are useful for the same Diseases , as Pulvis Emeto , Cathar . Polyacea , Tinctura Solaris , or Balsamica , are great supporters of Nature , the tamers of Malignant Feavers ; they go into all parts , illuminate and augment the Archeus or Vitals . They carry off by Sweat , Urine and Expectoration . There are few Diseases which will not somewhat yield to these Cordials , if exhibited in a just proportion . Elixi . Proprietat . nost resists Putrifaction , opens the Spleen , helps Digestion , purifies the Blood : It is very cordial , expels Menf●r●a stopped , and gives a check to them flowing excessively . It is most efficacious to cause an easie and speedy delivery in difficult labour of Women . Its Dose is from ten to an hundred drops or more in strong Liquor . With several other salutary Remedies could I acquaint the World ; but now I must desist , hoping God may spare my life till the Edition of my Physical Observations : the history , cause , & cure of 3 Cholick-stones , of a vast unwonted magnitude : also the History of the Exection of the Spleen out of a Dog , that lived two years and a quarter after very lively and well ; with sufficient reasons to back the Experiment : the Diseases of the Spleen , with preservative and Curative Instructions of the same . Lastly , a Synopsis , or Abridgment of Loimotomia , the dissection of a Pestilential Body ; all in Latine , wherein Materia Medica and its Philosophical management shall be more amply examined . From Queen-street , formerly called Soper● lane , in Well-court , nigh Cheapside . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : OR A just Complaint of the Deceitful , Dangerous and Pernicious Method or Way of Curing , obstinately insisted upon by the Galenists at this day , when a far better means is found out by the Philosophical Chymists : Also the Advantage or Benefit arising from a Legitimate Learned Colledge established by Authority : Moreover , an Invitation to the Galenists to become Ortho-Chymists . TO offend , when a man , neither knows nor is taught better , deserves Pity . To act amiss through an Importunate Imperfection , with an earnest desire to reform , argues Ingenuity , and a Noble Spirit : But wilfully to persist in a Capital Errour , to the Ruine of aur Neighbour , when one is Advertised thereof , and may have better things indigitated to the Senses , makes one guilty of abominable Wickedness . The time was 26 years past , that following those Dogmatical Rules received from Antiquity , I did help for two or three years to fatten the Churchyard , howsoever with many anxious thoughts , much regret and checks of my Soul , that I neither did , nor could tell how to perform my Duty with more ability in this Weighty profession . So disquieted was I night and day upon consideration ( how being sent for in the beginning of an Acute Evil I suffered a young Man in the very 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Flower of his Strength to be cut off for want of due Medicinal Provision ) that I resolved to take some other course of life , to get a Subsistence , rather than thus Conscious of my own Insufficiency , to be accessary to the Death of my Patients : Yea I did believe , persevering in this common road of Malepractice , I might contract the guilt of plain Homicide , to the utter undoing my Soul. Thus , after many an Agony or Conflict of Spirit , I fell off by little and little from that great Dictators Method and Pharmacie ( reputed by me at first Oracular . ) Having acquired some Furniture of ordinary Chymical Medicaments , I exhibited them though with a trembling Hand and Heart ( partly through Prejudice , partly through fear of being Adulterated ) to those tired out with long Sickness , as the Scurvie , Q●artane , Hypocondriak Passions , &c. yet with a success happy beyond my expectation . The Galenical Doctrine becoming at first suspected , and at length less reputed , incited by my Tutor and another Friend , an excellent Chymist , I was fully bent without wavering to purchase Van Helmont ( one formerly slighted by me for inveighing without cause as I foolishly thought against the Schools ) to read him intirely , impartially with a single Eye , and a Marginal Note . In the upshot , after a serious rumination of those Physical Verities relating to the Radical Essence and Cure of Diseases communicated by this incomparable Searcher into Nature , I forthwith took out a new Lesson of Theory and Practice , renouncing my former mistakes , imploring an Influence from Heaven that I might be farther informed . Wherefore nauseating a Hundred Treatises of Feavers and other 〈…〉 nothing but Cramben millies coctam , the same obsolete stuff over and over , I rid my self of the Impediments or luggage of a fruitless Library , wholy addicting my self to the Lecture of Initia Physicae inaudita , and other of the most Authentick Authors , coadjuvant to the understanding of the more obscure places delivered by our Philosopher . Then according to his Advice I bought Glasses , erected Furnaces , fell to labour with my own hands , prepared according to his general direction the Materia Medica , which I first took into my own body for Tryal , afterward tendred it to my Patients . In this manner making a progress twenty years compleat from that time to this . Having maturely received a farther Illumination and Confirmation of the solid Principles of Chymical Physiologie , and the rotten Foundation of the Galenical , abominating Bleeding ( as rightly stated ) uncorrected Purgatives , &c. I have with convincing predictions been able , Auspice Deo , to relieve the Calamities , Languors , and grievous Wounds of poor Mortals , to the infinite satisfaction of my own Spirit . A proof whereof I have tendered to Dr. Willis , Dr. Merret , Dr. Goddard , and divers others of our London Colledge ; and am now ready to make good by Fact in a publick Hospital or private Families , that the Galenical Design of Healing is Fraudulent , Dangerous and Deadly : As likewise that our rightly Instituted Fabrick of Pharmacy , with the Method of dispensing and distributing it , is Upright , Safe and Sanative : withal , that those Allegations of excessive preternatural Heat , Virulency , Violence , consuming the Humidum Radicale , or shortning the Life , imputed to our Remedies , are Malicious Slanders , False Accusations , Detractions , Cavils , and subtil Devises contrived by these Traders in Men's Skins , on purpose to keep up their Interest , though Myriads perish . Any but one obstinate , rash , self-conceited , will judge Charitably of my proceedings in this kind , sith deserting the Galenical usual manner of prescribing I incurred the displeasure , yea , hatred of most Apothecaries , a dis-repute among the Galenical Chirurgeons , because I condemn Phlebotomy , and the common way of Healing Wounds , Sores , &c. The rash , Incogitant censures , and Raillery of Midwives , Nurses , or such like Creatures , with the Huffings , s●ibs , tepulses of Fortunes Favourites ; and the Abuses , Sarcasms , opprobrious Language of the ruder sort . Moreover , hereby I haue lost my Ease , outward Applause , Riches and Honours , and many secular Respects , laid hold by the Galenists in Oliver's Days , and since , without the least touch or scruple of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Besides upon Consideration , that had I then plaid my Game Craftily ( which I could easily have done as well as the best of them ) I should have enjoyed no less Temporal Advantages than they . But seeing I had more sublime thoughts , esteeming nothing too dear , so that I might attain the Gift of Healing , as I ought : Therefore in all Equity and Reason I ought to be listned to , who request nothing more than that the Helmontian Doctrine ( which I assert ) may be accepted , so far as I can make it appear true by repeated Experiments . Once more I shall entreat those Learned Galenists , they would be pleased , out of Respect to their own Souls , Commise●ation to miserable Mortals , for the Dignity , Glory , and Promotion of this Divine Science , to put a stop to their profuse Effusion of Blood , Consumption of the strength of the Body by tabefying Purgations , withal to abandon fruitless , cooling Julebs , Pusillanimous Cordials , Poysonous Vesicatories . If the Galenists ( whose Estimation I should abhor to blemish , did not the Life of Man stand in Competition ) still persist to deny me this kindness , of explaining things as they are in themselves , they will constrain me to set forth a Catalogue of those Patients , with the Names of the Physitians attending them , whom ( as I 'le make appear by Analogism , Examples , or Instances agreeing ( in every respect possible to the Type of the Disease Ordered by them ) they have sent packing into the other World. If they can as justly accuse me , producing the same Evidence , that I am guilty of such indirect Practice ( these 16 years I have here resided in London ) I shall willingly submit to be severely Animadverted . Moreover , I shall detect what a Considerable number of Sick brought to the brink of the Grave by their Galenical Orders ( some whereof I have urged to try further , if they were able to relieve them ) utterly despairing of their Recovery , Divine Goodness hath Cured by his weak Spagyrical Agent . I hope his Majesty , for the Love he bears to Chymical Truth , the Benefit redounding thereby to himself , and his Subjects , out of a kindness to one , who sincerely and Constantly suffered for his Royal Father , will indulge this Honest , Profitable Enterprize so far , that if I can make good to the Senses , that our Philosophical way is able ( according to Judicious Providence and Predictions ) to preserve his Subjects in Health of Body and Mind , to prevent mischiefs to come , and to restore them to Sanity , better than formerly , for many Centuries past : Withall if it can be proved plainly by iterated Essays , and Equal Tryals , that the Galenical , and Galeno-Chymical Method is an Imperfect , Palliating , Treacherous , and Pernicious means to overcome , or eradicate any great fixed Malady , will be pleased to Erect a Learned Chymical Society , which may be a President to Foreign Nations to imitate ; for which , present and Future Ages will be bound to bless him . The admirable Commodity and Benefits accr●ing to Mankind by this Heroick Enterprize of a Chymical Colledge , are sufficient to move the Magistrate to force these Anti-Chymists to desist from their Evil Practice . 1. Religious . 2. Moral . 3. Political . 4. Medicinal . 5. Mechanical . I should not question by means of wholsome Chymical Physick to make Men of more sound 〈◊〉 Religion . Atheism , Hypoctisie , Prophaness , Debauchery , might in some measure be lessened , quailed , and restrained , by power of a Mastring Discipline of the Intellectual Soul made more apt to understand the Truth of things , by means of the Organs of the Body , Blood , and Spirits well Clarified . By Virtue of our Hermetick Physick , the Head , Heart , and Hands of Hierophants , might be purified ▪ Their Exemplary Dumb and Deaf Preaching up of Vice throughout all the World , be Corrected ▪ Circumstances and Punctilio's in Religion lovingly , calmly proposed , debated , and Accepted ▪ And those fierce Eager Altercations about Adi●phora laid aside . By the powerful Operation of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quakers , Catabaptists , Independents , Separatists , Schismaticks , and multitudes of Phanaticks , might be brought to more Integrity of mind in Religion , be reclaimed far better than by any rigid Persecuting-Course whatsoever . We should Entertain more frequent serious Contemplation , or Divine Idea's of a Future World , were not our Bodies consequently our Souls clouded by black Hypochondriack Me●eors , and depraved by bad Physick . In my Minority I have been a little amazed to hear the Religion of Physitians indifferently , yea , slightingly , Ironically spoken of : So that I have not without some indignation , Vindicated it ; perswading my self , that there were many , who , like Dr. Brown , were able to assert it practically . But coming to greater Maturity in the Observation of Things , I found , for the most part , that really True , which before I apprehended was precipitately spoken by the vulgar . For I dare averr , if a Man may judge of a Tree by it's Fruits , or of the Nature of any Corporeal Existent by Signatures , Impresses , and Accidents , Products , Phaenomena , and Effects ; so certainly may a Man censure most of the Galenical Tribe , sitting to be Ranked among Plato's Classes of Atheistical , Hypocritical Wretches ; not only Poysoning others by their Deletery , virulent , intoxicating Physick , but also by their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their Profane , Loose , voluptuous , Intemperate , Covetous , Proud , Blasphemous behaviour , both in word and deed , and most Obstinate , Active , Perseverance in their Lethiferous Method of Curing . How in Truth can it be otherwise , sith their Minds are Corrupted by their malignant Physick , Through the want of a True Benign mundifier of their Vitals . Besides , how is it possible they should be acquainted in the least mith a Deity , who are so grosly ignorant of the Aitiologie of things in Nature . Needs must they be stone Blind as to any right apprehension of an Omnipotent Creator , a Wise Supporter , Disposer ; and Governor of all things : Sith their Understanding is so extremely to seek concerning the Material , Efficient Cause of all Corporeal Beings . How can they who are so much mistaken concerning the Essence of Fire , approach him infinitely transcending any consuming Fire . ) How is it possible they should have any Understanding of the Father of Lights , who know not whether Light be Accident or a Substance . Had they been better acquainted with Nature , the first Mover of all things , would have Communicated himself more clearly . Now , sith they have wilfully blinded themselves through Vile Interest , at the presence of that which is obvious to the Senses , 't is but just they should continue in Cimmerian Darkness , without the true Discovery of things invisible . It hath been a Curse upon the Galenists 1600 Years , not to be capable to Cure Radicated Diseases , because they slighted him who is the great Healer of all our Infirmities , Nam Deus creavit Medicum non Homo . This considered , 't is no wonder they are thus accused of Atheism . If so , the only way to make them Religious Proselytes , and to bring them to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to convince them of their Errors in Philosophy , to demonstrate how miserably they are out of the way of Curing their own , as well as others Evils . What imperfect , yea hurtful means they use to remedie their own Laesam Imaginationem by Bleeding , Tabefying , Colliquating , Carharticks and duil Cordials , &c. and to indicare to them Ortho-Methodus fanandi Chymica , that there may be an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Stomach , Spleen and other parts , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a purity in the Blood , and an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a firm Activity in the Spirits : thus the Soul obtaining compleat Organs , will act as it ought ( for aceording to Galen , Animi Actiones sequntur temperamentum Corporis , which is verified of the Spirits . ) Thus when the Doctor is convinced , many Discidles will follow his Example : this will be the most assured way to make a Reformation in the World , and to take us off from unprofitable Disputes in Religion . The Abuses and extravagant Practices in Divinity , and Physick being Chymically redressed , the Corruptions , Prevarications and unjust Dealings in the Law are like to be quickly voted out of doors : For the Irregularities in Divinity and Physick confound the whole world . Moreover , I have observed more Ingenuous Favourers of Chymical Philosophy among the Students and Practicers of the Law , than any other Profession whatsoever , therefore more inclinable to be taught better things . Next our Ethicks or Morality may by wholsome Chymical Physick be meliorated : One Reason why we are at this day so depraved in our Manners , may with plausible reason be attributed to New feral Diseases , which rage among us as the Scorbutum , Lues Venerea , single & complicated : likewise to the increase of the Cacoethie , or Malignity of former Diseases now graduated , and guarded with more cruel Symptoms , aggravated by Cacost●machical Medicaments . Hereby our Off-spring is born Valetudinary , sickly in Body , and vitious in Mind , the Seminal Idea of those Infirmities which lay couched in our Body being imprinted Iure Hereditario on the miserable Infants . 'T is not to be admired , why we are at this day so Melancholy , Discontented , Distracted with inordinate Passions and Perturbations , so Malicious , Perfidious , Falshearted , dishonest , full of Hatred , Pride , Vain-glory , Hypocrisie , Covetousness , Faction , Rebellion , Lightness and Phantastical Aemulation of Forreign Nations , unworthy of an English-man : For as much as most of the Galenical Compositions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 corrupt Body and Soul. Again , 't is singular Policie in the Magistrate to promote and cherish this Chymical Method of Curing : for his own and the peoples sake . He being by this means enabled to enjoy sounder Body and Mind , to Govern long , making Good Laws ; and his Subjects hereby multiplyed will be ready to embrace them and obey him : both using a direct way to clarifie the Organs of the Soul for the Reception of Truth , and the right discretion or election of what is best . By vertue of this Art , his Subjects will be more Magnanimous , Valiant , empowered the better to defend him and his Territories , to vindicate his Rights , to make enquiry abroad for New Plantations , and Colonies , to prevent Sicknesses incident to the Climate , to oppose any Enemies stoutly that shall invade us , to heal their Wounds , to save many Limbs from being mutilated or cut off . Doubtless had his Majesty been throughly acquainted with the excellent Efficacie of the Stomach Essence in Healing both Inwardly and Outwardly , injoyning a large Quantity to be made for the use of his Fleet against the Dutch , many Hundreds of those brave Men might have been preserved , who perished for want of true Chymical Remedies . Neither would this or the like have only Cured their Scorbutical Infirmities , Healed their grievous Soars , but also have maturated their Stratagems , magnified and animated their Spirits for the execution of far greater Actions . Were there not some among us , who envie that the Nation should enjoy such a time of Iubilee , or Halcyonian days , wherein the state of Body and Soul might be amended , they would suggest to his Majesty the extraordinary Emolument or Commoditie would arise to Him , His Posterity and the People , if this Enterprize were set on foot . It would appear Honest and Noble Policy to Purg the Schools by Paracelsian Physick from Capital Galenical Errours , at this day predominant in Physick , to eradicate those Corruptions so deeply grounded tam frequentes foedasque in Philosophia nundinationes ( as an Antient Academical Antesignanus of Learning expresses ) those unworthy respects of conferring Degrees on those who deserve to be termed no better than Philosophastri , Theologastri , Idiotae , Nugatores , Sycophantae , Otiateres , Compotores , Indigni libidinis voluptatumque ministri , Hinc Rude vulgus , Inops , Sordidum , Leve , Melancholicum Rebelle , Contumax , Refractarium ac Miserandum . If the Magistrate be pleased to cause the Helmontian Institutions to be introduced into the Academies instead of Aristotelian , according as one shall be found experimentally true , and the other false , the whole Kingdome will by degrees be brought into a far more flourishing Condition than formerly : Hereupon Able Physitians will be sent into all parts to keep men in Sanity ( the direct way to Prosperity in the General ) which before was empaired by Galenists , Mountebanks , Quacks , who giving Medicaments noxious , as Hemlock instead of Parsley , have made the Nation Brain-sick , Phantastical , Scorbutical , Unconstant , Rebellious , Idle , full of Beggars , Querulous , prone to extreams , Innovations , affected with Outsides and Appearances rather than solid Worth. Thus the trading for Mens Skins might be abolished , Physick , Chirurgery and Pharmacopoie united , Materia Medica better improved , better attendance given to the Sick in time of the Plague , and a prevention made of Fugitive Physitians in our greatest extremity , whose Courage may be encreased by appropriate Antidotes against so great a poison . Let us but turn over to the Chymical Page ; His Majesty will always enjoy Virtuous , Prudent , Sage , Valiant , Upright Counsellours : Good Men will still be encouraged with just Rewards , and Evil punished ; those who have Real Intrinsical Worth preferred , those making an Outward seeming shew rejected : for assuredly the reason why we do not esteem things as they are in themselves , proceeds from Laesa Imaginatio , a crasie Phansie to be corrected principally by powerful Chymical Physick . Moreover , the Consideration how ready at hand our Remedies are upon all occasions , safe and effectual , may plead for their protection by the Magistrate : Suppose a Prince or any Great Man be surprized with a Lipothymie , Epilepsie , Lethargie , Vertigo , in a place remote from any Appothecarie , certainly he may himself , or his Physitian attending him , carry a few light Paracelsian Remedies , which may in a moment relieve him ; whereas should he send a Prescription so far as the unsupportable bulk of an Apothecarys Pharmacy resideth there to be dispensed , this Noble Person might in the mean time perish . I add to this , 't is no small politick Satisfaction to a great Man , who prizes his Life , to see a Physitian , or any other in Health , to take some Chymical Arcana without any Nocument , which is tendred to the Patient for his Restauration , which I 'le undertake to make good upon my own Body , or anothers . I shall not omit how satisfactory 't is to one , who in his Prosperity , loves to breath in this Atmosphear , to hear a plain comfortable Prediction from an Adeptus , that he is capable of Recovery , or if not , that he may settle his Affairs , while he hath Mature Judgment . In the mean time the Dogmatical Guessers , boggle , blunder , juggle , speak as amphibologically , as the Orac●e of Old at Delphos , or else are quite mistaken , altogether over-shoot themselves , as appeared by their Prognostick , in Mr. Colwel , the Great Banker , his Case , and many other , whom I shall make mention of , annexing a large Comment on the miscarriages of these Improvident Galenists , if they do not forthwith endeavour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to forsake their destructive paths . Lastly , Princes encouraging Pyrotechnie may obtain far more Active Antidotes against poyson , than hath hitherto been known , whereby the thread of their Life may be protracted ; they may also discover how , not only vain , but injurious the Common Catharticks are in stubborn Maladies , studying to avoid them as Poysons either manifestly hurting at present , or privily shortning their days for the Future . 4. The Medicinal Profit , Advantages , and Service that will attend a Chymical Society , established by Law , is most remarkable , which the Reader shall find described in Ortho-Methodus Iatro Chymica . That Catalogue of Incurable Diseases , given in by the Galenists , will be Cancelled , and an appropriate means found to Remedy the most Truculent Sickness , and Atrocious virulent Malady . Deus Omnes Nationes fecit sanabiles . The Powerful Benign Father of every good and perfect Gift hath Created a Salve for every Sore ; onely ungrateful , sloathful , supine Man will not exert his Faculties , for the Indagation , or narrow search of such precious latrical Pearls to be valued above any thing in this World ; yea , so indifferent he is , so Paralytical in his desires towards the Summum Bonum , Sanity of Body , and Soul , so wilfully miserable , that he is loath to put out his Hand to receive so great a favour , though he may have it gratis , rather Envying , retarding , than furthering those who labour for a publick good . Were this Iatro Chymical Exploit indulged and quickned by those in Authority , such Polyacea's might be brought to light , enriched with Virtues abundantly sufficient to Conquer , and quite cut off those complicated Evils , which like Hydra's Heads elude the Vulgar Medicaments . If Artists were animated , the Epilepsie Appoplexy , Gout , Quartan , Lues Venerea , Scorbute Radicated , yea , and the Itch ( which I wondred they omitted amongst the List of their Incurable Diseases , for I am sure their Method cannot Cure Directly ) would not thus Tyrannize in this Microcosm . An Adaequate Lithontribon might be detected Potent to dissolve the Stone in the Bladder without Cruel , uncertain Lithotomie . Were the World furnished with Compleat , Learned Pyrotechnists , no Man would fail to be Cured in due time of a Pleurisie , by Anti-Pleuriticks , ( not Bleeding ) expeditely , radically , without relapse , or future danger of being obnoxious to the like pungitive vexation again . All Feavers might in a few days be strangled . The Measles and Small Pox might be Cured without Scandal , in the same manner as other defaults in Nature , to the Contempt of Ignorant and Presumptuous Nurses , Midwives , and the like Gang , who in this stare fear to meddle ( not without just Reason ) with Opinionative Physitians , having been so notoriously un-successful in the management of this Malignant Disease : Neither let any one think that their Method is more prevalent to Cure other malignant Feavers , no such Matter ; onely their unlucky dealing is more obvious to the common People in this Cutaneous affect , who cannot in more obscure passages so easily pry into their egregious Imperfections . Were there frequent consultations of Philosophical Spagyrists receiving mutual Assistance one from another ; the Liquor Alkahest and Butler's stone might in all probability be enucleated , and set on work for Mortals Good : The Magical , Magnetical , and Sympathetical Mystery of Healing might be improved and confirmed . The Feat of Obstetrication might be far more advanced , to the Grand disgrace of certain Men , who profess it ; and to the Regulating of some self-conceited , rash Women . Chirurgery made appear to belong principally ( setting aside Manual Operation ) to the Skilful Chymists , who have in their Custody such mortifiers of the Idea's of Cacoethick Sores , Fistula's , Cancers , Herpete's , &c. Such Vital Balsoms , and Sanatives to be taken inwardly and outwardly , that the Chirurgion should be forced to confess , that in most Cases the Physitian is to be sought to ; and that in long Voyages , none are to be compared to Spagyrical preparations , for duration ; with which being accurately Fabricated , he and the Apothecary should be furnished upon Occasions : A Legitimate , Substantial , Efficacious Pharmacy being introduced , the Supposititious , AAdulterated , Trivial , Insufficient Factures rejected . Then will the promiscuous , indifferent , confused comprehension at this day , of the Counterfeit , and Real ; the Apish , and Manly Chymical Exercitations be made plain to mean Capacities : How our Colluding Galenists have imposed upon the World , by owning themselves the best Chymists , though worse than the greatest Adulterators of Sack , for which none can plead but the impudent Sophisticator , or Compounder . Then will the Thermologist be either ashamed so much as to mention Hot and Cold for the cause , or C●re of Diseases ▪ Or if he should , he might , perhaps , be ridiculously discarded by the Friends of the Patient , to his detestable shame , as a singular Fool. If once the Omnipotent encline the Hearts of our Governours to cherish , and resolutely protect this Divine Science , cutting holes in the Skin will grow out of fashion : Epispasticks , Blysterings , Scarifications will be thought fitting for none but Malefactors : Common Purgation and Bleeding , with their dreggy Decoctions ( little better than Drenches ) will be confined to the Cure of Horses . If Prometheus Fire were throughly kindled among us , our eyes would be opened that we might understand , how those very Galenists who have declaimed undeservedly , railed at and condemned Chymical Remedies in General , have been forced at length ( unless they ventured to come off with unsufferable disgrace ) to minister closely the same sleight Preparations of the Shops , altogether renounced by the Spagyrical Sophist . Yea , it will appear , how in time of their greatest Ignorance they have advised their Patients to the Sumption of Mineral Waters , thereby implicitly and tacitly denoting against their wills , that Natute taught them to be Chymists , if they had not been obstinately blinder than Bats and Owls . Lastly , if such a Philosophical Chymical Company be Authorized and Countenanced , Mechanicks will be much promoted , their Manual faculties will be more dextrously carried on : The Art of Gilding , Painting , Writing , Artillery may be wound up to a higher pitch . Metals might be more intimately purged , refined , volatile made more fixed , the terrestrial parts more sublimed , their colour and sound exalted , those friable made Ductile , the Ignobler provected , and Generous augmented . Mercury precipitated , coagulated , &c. then combined with multiplicity of Bodies with which it will shew variety of Shapes useful for divers Mechanical Factures . Antimony likewise technically prepared might be employed for the advancement of many Handycrafts , Sulphur Anreum Fulminans might be made in greater quantity and cheaper for the atchievement of many rare Designs . Such Electrums might be made which would perform Stupendious things . A clearer Light of the Lapis Chrysopoeus might be given . Doubtless Artificers would find that the compleat Learned Spagyrist would be able to instruct them for the contriving of several Mechanies to his advantage , never to be attained by Ideot-Chymists . I hope these Important Motives and Persuasive Reasons will excite the Magistrate to Constitute with all Expedition , such a Learned Society of Ortho-Chymists , that they themselves , and these Nations may gather the delicious fruits thereof , and Forreigners may be lured to follow their good Example . Withal , I Supplicate the Omnipotent to put it into the Hearts of the more Generous and Refined Spirits of the Galenists , to take for the future Right Measures for the Cure of Humane Griefs , to wave ( when they are to aim at Essential Sanation ) those Childish Fopperies of Heat and Cold , and to abdicate and proscribe their indiscreet , either secretly noxious or openly lethiferous Bleeding , Purging , &c. to lay down those Pernicious Instruments , and to take up Salutary . If the Juniors ( leaving the Old Doting Fellows to themselves , as a very Learned Man calls them . who will no more be brought to learn better things in Healing , than an Old Dog to Fetch and Carry ) will couragiously , and resolutely bend their endeavours to carry on this Heroical Pyrotechnical Enterprize , they shall find me ready to serve them ( according to that little Talent I have ) in the detection of those Physical Verities which have cost me nigh 30 years Labour of Brain and Sinews , besides the Hazzard of my Life by Assassinating Realgars of Metals and Minerals , together with the treacherous Gas of Charcole ▪ also the dangerous Essayes I have made upon my own Stomach , for the discovery of the Operation of my own Manufactures : add to these the continual Opposition , the Obloquies I have sustained , Abuses , Slanders , Disrespects thrown upon me undeservedly , enough to deter any man from being a Sceptick in Physick , or to digress from the Common Road of Healing . I shall , I say , communicate Real Arcana to a certain number of Literate Candid Persons , fitting to lay the Foundation of a Salutary Colledge . Then for my part I shall be willing to sequester my self out of Secular Tumults , Uproars and Turmoils , thinking it the happiest Condition in the world to live privately . I question not but other Ortho-Chymists will follow this Pattern , and contribute to the Honour and Enlargment of such a Scientifick Society . The POST-SCRIPT . IF the Galenists find any Substantial remarkable Errors in this Syntagm , or a late Tract , Called Epilogis . Chymic . I am willing to be Rebuked as sharply as they please , but not scurrilously : However , I ought to be convinced by Matter of Fact , as well as Reason , which those of the Royal Society are bound to grant me , without Favour , Affection , Partiality , or Obligation to each other . This denyed me , they still persisting to set at naught Essential , Medical verity , back biting and vilifying us and our Remedies : Let them be assured I shall in general publish in lively Colours a Character of them . Next in particular I shall attack J. G. J. K. J. B. H. B. T. C. H. G. D. W. J. L. J. D. W. D. T. C. All reputed Learned Doctors , whom I can undoubtedly Charge ex Facto , with an Indirect Method of Curing . Moreover , the Cause of the Death of Mr. Colwel , the great Banker , Mr. Edw. Viner , Mr. Parker , Mr. Scot , Sir George Viner and his Lady , Lord Conwallis ; yea , the Reason of the shortning the Life of divers other Great Persons ought to be strictly Examined , and a History of the management of their Sickness to be exposed to Publick view for Caution to others . I shall especially take to Task Dr. C. M. who deserves to be handled according to the Rigour of the Law , for positively slandering me ; That I had Killed three Patients in one House : Neither will his bare denial serve his turn , sith I have sufficient Witness to cast him , upon Oath . I shall in good time match the Cock of our Anatomical Boasters , who accused me of Presumption , for cutting up a Pestilential Body , when they , for want of a stock of Powerful Prophylacticks , and Therapeuticks , never attempted it but with loss of Life . I shall farther Vindicate ( as the first ) the Credit and Propriety of Splenectomia , i. e. the cutting the Spleen out of a Dog ( the Animal surviving the Operation two years and a Quarter ) Vsurped by Dr. C. S. appropriated by the Virtuosi , now set down in the List of their Transactions . I shall , in convenient time , call to a Reckoning a Galenical Doctor ( whose Name is Consonant with Stults , a proper Etymon for an Ignorant Physitian ) Correcting him to a purpose , for maligning my Practice , and offering abuses to this Innocent Art. I may likewise , in time , comment , and make Animadversions on Pharmaceutice Rationalis sive Diatriba , and instruct the World concerning the Authors great mistakes , relating to the Aitiologie of Diseases , Method and Instruments of Healing . FINIS . 
A46939	----	Enchiridion medicum, or, A manual of physick being a compendium of the whole art, in three parts ... : wherein is briefly shewed 1. the names, 2. the derivation, 3. the causes, 4. the signs, 5. the prognosticks, and 6. a rational method of cure ... / by Robert Johnson, Med. professor. Johnson, Robert, b. 1640? 1684 Approx. 447 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 171 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A46939 Wing J816 ESTC R440 13166498 ocm 13166498 98252 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A46939) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 98252) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 423:6) Enchiridion medicum, or, A manual of physick being a compendium of the whole art, in three parts ... : wherein is briefly shewed 1. the names, 2. the derivation, 3. the causes, 4. the signs, 5. the prognosticks, and 6. a rational method of cure ... / by Robert Johnson, Med. professor. Johnson, Robert, b. 1640? [16], 317, [7] p. : port. Printed by J. Heptinstall for Brabazon Aylmer ..., London : 1684. Advertisements: p. [1] and p. [7] at end. Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library. Imperfect: port. lacking on film. (from t.p.) I. Of diseases of the head -- II. Of diseases of the breast -- III. Of diseases of the belly. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Diseases -- Early works to 1800. 2004-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-07 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-08 Rachel Losh Sampled and proofread 2004-08 Rachel Losh Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion ENCHIRIDION MEDICUM : OR A MANUAL OF PHYSICK . BEING A Compendium of the whole Art , in Three Parts . viz. I. Of Diseases of the Head. II. Of Diseases of the Breast . III. Of Diseases of the Belly . Wherein is briefly shewed , 1. The Names . 2. The Derivation . 3. The Causes . 4. The Signs . 5. The Prognosticks . And 6. A rational method of Cure. Comprehending the Substance of the more approved Authours both Ancient and Modern . Published for the benefit of all persons , being fitted to the Meanest Capacity . By ROBERT JOHNSON Med. Professor . LONDON , Printed by J. Heptinstall , for Brabazon Aylmer , at the Three Pigeons over against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill . MDCLXXXIV . Librum ( cui Titulus est Enchiridion medicum ) ab Authore experto conscriptum ; Tyronibus , in Arte Medicinae , Chyrurgiaeve haud inutilem fore judicat . Tho. Novell med . Doctor Colleg. medicor : Lond. socius . Hunc Librum ( cujus Author Robertus Johnson ) ex parte perlegi , plurimaque in eo inveni observatione digna ; & si imprimeretur , plurimis profecturum existimo . Johannes Groenevelt med . Doctor e Colleg. Amsteladomensium socius . I have examined the Authour hereof , and do find him a Person well versed in his Art , and worthy of all Encouragement . Witness my Hand , Peter Chamberlain . His Majestie 's first and eldest Physician in ordinary to His Royal Person . Ad Lectorem Enchiridii Medici . En tibi , Lector , opus magnum , parvumque : licebit , Hinc parvo pretio commoda magna petas . Chara salus cunctis , cunctis charissima vita : Hunc doctum legas , utraque chara minus . J. Garretson . In Laudem Authoris , & Operis . Exquirit sapiens utilia mente sagaci , Inventis : alios communicare juvat . Tu laudande tuâ faelix virtute triumpha : Nomine perpetuo secula cuncta colant . Tu Johnson medicâ celeberrimus Arte , docere Gaudes : hic doctus monstrat utrumque Liber . B. Johnson . Ad Robertum Johnson . Compendium medicum Anglico Idiomate Edentem . Primus Apollo dedit medicam mortalibus Artem , Quâ se tutari , qua morbos pellere possent . Vt referunt Vates , ut fabula prisca recenset , Hinc sacra progenies Epidauria dicitur orta , Dicitur ortus & hinc Pedalirius , hincque Machaon , Hippocrates , sexcenti alii , Galenus , & omnes , Quos labor & vivax virtus ad Sydera vexit . Omnium at instar eris noster tu , Johnson , Amicus , Qui dum das facili medicamina dogmate tuta , ( Scilicet ut vivat mens sana in Corpore sano ) Ipse per ora virûm vivas volitesque beatus , Eximiumque trahas per postera secula nomen . J. G. THE PREFACE . THE most learned , and wisest Philosophers , who were onely led by nature and reason , were of this mind , that Man was not born for himself , but was framed ( by God and Nature ) so excellent a Creature as he is , to the end that he might employ those singular Gifts wherewith he is endued , not to his own private benefit , but to the profit of his Country and Others ; as saith PLATO , Non nobis solum nati sumus , ortusque nostri partem Patria vendicat , partem Parentes , partem Amici ; quae in terris gignuntur , ad usum hominum causa esse generatos , ut ipsi inter se aliis alii prodesse possent . We are not born for our selves alone , but partly for our Country , partly for our Parents , partly for our Friends : Whatever the Earth hath produced , was created for the use of Man , man also was created for man's sake , that they might among themselves profit one by another . This good opinion engrafted in those Heathen Philosophers by Nature , delivered from one to another by instructions ; and so from time to time continu'd among themselves by consent ; caused such as God had plentifully endued with Knowledge and Vnderstanding , to leave some worthy Monuments ( which daily are to be seen ) to Posterity ; as Plato , and Tully , good Rules of Government ; Aristotle , the hidden secrets of Philosophy ; Ptolomy , the Misteries of Astronomy ; Euclide , the infallible Principles of Geometry ; Varro , the necessary Observations of Husbandry , &c. out of the which great benefit in all Ages hath been reaped , and hath also from time to time been increased . Certainly they do nearest attain to the rule of uncorrupt nature , and deserve best of a Common-weal , whose Travails and Studies are employ'd on those things that tend to the best end ; for by consideration of the end whereunto each thing leadeth , the goodness and excellency of the same is to be known , and considered : As for example ; If Health either maintained or recovered be good , then Physick , whose chief end is to maintain and recover Health , must needs be good also . I have endeavoured ( with a great adventure ) to set forth this Compendium of Physick , for the common good , both of young Physicians , and Chirurgeons , and also their sick Patients . I know that many learned Men have already written large Volumes of this Art , whereupon it may seem perhaps a matter both vain and superfluous to write any more thereof ; and some Physicians may rashly judge that this little tract cannot be comparable to that which is already done by others . But though I have but onely hinted at Diseases , because I intended this but for an Enchiridion , or manual ; yet there is so much writ as will satisfie every unprejudic'd Artist , that many Physicians both Ancient and Modern , have not attained to the true Knowledge of the Causes , and consequently the Cure of Diseases . I must confess , I owe much of it to those Standard-bearers of Physick , the great Platerus , the most famous Helmont , and Franciscus De-le-boe , Sylvius , &c. out of whose Monuments I have collected the choicest things , of the greatest import in the Art of Physick , whith were never divulged or known before , of which I have had large experience . Was it wholly mine , it would be of little Estimation ; it is the great Names of the profound Authours before mention'd , which will give it Being and Life , and make it remain as an Exemplar of the true Knowledge of this famous Art. I need not tell the World how usefull a Subject of this Nature may prove ; especially being Methodical , the better to be understood by those that are of mean Capacities , who cannot comprehend what is confusedly set down in large Volumes . It is the Duty of all good Men to praise those Authours , who have left to Posterity , as much as was known to them ; such is my Judgment of the writings of others , that I think their Labour well bestowed , which have written herein before me ; and I shall not find fault with any that shall ( with an incessant Labour , and continual Industry ) discover , and bring to publick light , any thing of this Art , which as yet is cover'd , and unknown , but will always esteem them worthy of much Commendation ; and therefore I hope that others also will judge the like of me . For it is unjust and injurious to good Men , and also to the re-publick , presently to defame those wickedly , who do endeavour to discover things that are obscure , and bring them forth to the common use of Mankind . If any are perswaded , that they can excell others in Judgment , and are desirous of Splendour and Glory , let them take pains , to discover things that are as yet obscure in Nature , by which they may wax renowned with the Celebration of their Name . But they who have not sown with much Labour , and expect a great Harvest , for the most part are fed with vain Hope . I must expect some Calumnies , and Obtrectations against this , from such malicious prejudiced Men , as envy Glory to all , except themselves ; but the best is , it is not my Portion alone ; for it was the fate of that worthy Man Dr. Harvey , to meet with Storms of malevolent Censure , about his Circulation of the Bloud ; and it was always and ever will be the Fate of the first Authours of any invention ( though never so good ) to meet with Opprobry and Contempt : and therefore I know no reason why I should be exempt from the common destiny ; but let those who are severe against this , pardon my Opinion , that such their severity proceeds from self Guiltiness , and give me leave to apply that of Ennodius , That it is the Nature of self Wickedness , to think that of others , which themselves deserve . And that the Reader may have a charitable Opinion hereof , I testifie before God , the onely Searcher of Hearts , that I have not written any thing here , but what seem'd true to me , and chiefly profitable to the sick ; and therefore I doubt not , but this will find acceptation amongst the true Sons of Art , and all others who are Lovers of the Truth . If any ( by reading this little Book ) procure to themselves more knowledge than they had , or cause any good to be done to the diseased , it is all that is aimed at by Robert Johnson . April , the 2d . 1683. From the Ben-Johnson 's Head in Devonshire-square , without Bishopsgate , London . An INDEX of the Chapters , comprehending all the Diseases of this Book . The Contents of the first Book . Chap. I. OF the Head-ach . Page . 1 Chap. II. Of the Palsie , and Apoplexy . Page . 13 Chap. III. Of Convulsions , and the Epilepsie . Page . 22 Chap. IV. Of the Night-mare , and Vertigo . Page . 35 Chap. V. Of the Lethargy , Coma , Carus , and Catalepsie , or Catochus . Page . 38 Chap. VI. Of the Phrensie , and Madness . Page . 44 Chap. VII . Of Catarrhs . Page . 55 The Contents of the second Book . Chap. Chap. Page . page . Chap. I. OF shortness of Breathing . Page . 69 Chap. II. Of the Pleurisie , and other Inflammations . Page . 72 Chap. III. Of the Consumption , or Phthisick , and Hectick-fever . Page . 83 Chap. IV. Of the Palpitation of the Heart . Page . 92 Chap. V. Of an universal Languishing , as also of Swouning , and Syncope . Page . 96 Chap. VI. Of Fevers in General . Page . 103 Chap. VII . Of intermitting Fevers . Page . 116 Chap. VIII . Of malignant Fevers , and the Calenture . Page . 124 Chap. IX . Of the Plague , or Pestilence . Page . 129 Chap. X. Of the Small-pox , and Measles . Page . 136 The Contents of the third Book . Chap. Chap. Page . page . Chap. I. OF the thirsty Disease . Page . 141 Chap. II. Of Hunger vitiated , or of a depraved Appetite . Page . 144 III. Of want of Appetite , or loathing of Victuals . Page . 148 Chap. IV. Of the Hicket , or Hiccough . Page . 152 Chap. V. Of Belching . Page . 156 Chap. VI. Of Vomiting , and of the Cholerick , and Iliack Passion . Page . 158 Chap. VII . Of Pain in the Stomach , and of various Pains of the Guts , as Colick , &c. Page . 168 Chap. VIII . Of Worms . Page . 179 Chap. IX . Of Loosenesses , or Fluxes of the Belly . Page . 185 Chap. X. Of the dry Belly-ach . Page . 196 Chap. XI . Of the Yellow-jaundice . Page . 202 Chap. XII . Of a Cachexy , or ill Habit of Body . Page . 207 Chap. XIII . Of Dropsies . Page . 211 Chap. XIV . Of the Scurvy , and Hypochondriack suffocation , commonly called Fits of the Mother . Page . 222 Chap. XV. Of the Green-sickness , and Suppression of the Courses . Page . 231 Chap. XVI . Of the immoderate menstrual Flux , and the Whites in Women . Page . 237 Chap. XVII . Of the Falling down of the Womb , and Fundament . Page . 242 Chap. XVIII . Of Barrenness . Page . 245 Chap. XIX . Of Abortion or Miscarriage . Page . 249 Chap. XX. Of hard Travel in Child-birth . Page . 252 Chap. XXI . Of Nephritick pains , and of the Stone in the Reins and Bladder . Page . 257 Chap. XXII . Of extraordinary Pissing . Page . 269 Chap. XXIII . Of involuntary Pissing , commonly called Pissing in Bed. Page . 272 XXIV . Of the Stoppage of Vrine , and the Strangury . Page . 274 Chap. XXV . Of the Scalding or sharpness of Vrine . Page . 277 Chap. XXVI . Of Venereal Affects . Page . 279 Chap. XXVII . Of the Rachites , or Rickets . Page . 288 Chap. XXVIII . Of the Gout and Rheumatism . Page . 303 ENCHIRIDION MEDICVM : OR A MANUAL OF PHYSICK . BOOK I. CHAP. I. Of the Head-ach . THE Head-ach may be divided into three Kinds . The first is the momentany Head-ach , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Caput , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Dolor . The second is an inveterate Head-ach , and is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod tegit Calvarium . The third is a Pain on one Part of the Head , before , behind , or on one side , this is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , cranium , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , dimidium . There is little difference between Cephalaea and Cephalalgia ; onely per Cephalaeam affectae partes multo redduntur quam in Cephalalgia debiliores . These distempers are caused by Halituous vapours , and humours , fuming up ( from the Stomach and other parts ) to the Head. 1. If the Pain be external , so that the Combing of the Head be troublesome , then the Pericranium is affected : But if the Pain be internal , reaching to the Eye-roots , then the Dura mater is invaded with the peccant humours . 2. If there be pricking distending Pain with great pulsation , it is from sharp Bilious humours or Halitus ; but if the Pain be heavy , it is caused from viscous Phlegm or Melancholy . 1. If a violent Head-ach come suddenly on a healthy Person , and the Party become dumb and snort , 't is a mortal sign , unless a great Fever do immediately happen . 2. If corrupt waterish Matter or Bloud do issue out of the Nostrils , Mouth , Ears or Eyes ( especially on the fourth Day ) the sick will suddenly recover ; but if the Pain be very violent , and do suddenly vanish without a Crisis , 't is doubtfull . 3. If the Pain be without a Fever , accompanied with noise in the ears , deafness , or megrim , with numbness of the extreme parts , an Apoplexy or Epilepsy , is at hand . 4. Those that have Cholerick stomachs , are most subject to a Hemicrania ; and if it continue long , it causeth weakness of the Eyes , and sometimes blindness . If the Head-ach proceed from Phlegmatick Viscous humours abounding , first give this Clyster . Take of Vervain , Betony , Mallows , Mercury of each one handfull : Let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Quart of Posset-drink , 'till half of it be boiled away , then strain it and dissolve in it one ounce of the Electuary Caryocostinum , Oil of Chamomel two ounces ; mix it for a Clyster . Sour things , and all that have a Lixivial salt , either fixt , or volatile , and all Aromaticks do correct and amend the viscous Phlegmatick humours . Let these forms serve for example . Take the Waters of Baum , and Mint , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , and aqua Coelestis , of each half an ounce ; Syrup of Fennel , and Mint , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Salt , as much as will make it of a gratefull taste , mix it , and give three spoonfulls of it often . Take salt of Tartar vitriolated half a drachm ; Cream of Tartar one drachm ; white Sugar-candy two drachms ; make it into a fine Powder for four Doses , which may be taken every morning and evening in white or Rhenish wine . For the Rich you may prepare a medicinal Wine . This may serve for example . Take the Roots of Elicampane , Calamus aromaticus , of each one ounce ; of Rue , Sage , Vervain , sweet Marjoram , of each three handfulls ; Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , of each an ounce and half ; Orange-peel half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine . It may be given to three or four ounces in the morning fasting , with twenty drops of Elixir proprietatis , you may also give it by it self , at dinner and supper . When the Wine is used , fresh Wine may be put to the Ingredients , for a second infusion . But farther to correct , and gently evacuate the viscous Phlegmatick humours . This opening Apozeme is effectual . Take of the five opening Roots of each two ounces , Liquorish an ounce and half ; Guiacum half a Pound , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , the Berries of Bays , and Juniper , of each half an ounce ; Vervain , Betony , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised , and infused in two quarts of Rain-water very hot , for twenty four hours ; then strain it out very strongly , and add the best Manna , Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna , of each four ounces ; tincture of Cinamon three ounces ; salt of Tartar vitriolated half an ounce ; mix it , and give three ounces every morning fasting . If there be need of stronger Physick you may administer these purging Pills . Take of Extract . Rudii , pil . foetidae , Cochiae , of each half a drachm ; Mercurius dulcis twenty grains ; mix it for three Doses . If the pain be old and stubborn , apply Vesiccatories to the Neck , also Leeches to the Temples , and Haemorrhoids ; or open the jugular , or frontal Vein , which hath often prov'd effectual . Errhines , Sternutatories and Apophlegmatisms may also be used , and Ventoses with Scarification if need require . Baths of Sulphur ( whether natural or artificial with Cephalick Herbs ) are good to bathe the Head and whole Body . Some approve of the fume of Amber , taken into the Mouth and Nostrils . Also spirit of cranium humanum , or spirit of salt Armoniack , held to the Nose in a narrow-mouth'd Vial , giveth present ease in all cold Pains of the Head. Also you may touch the Nostrils and Temples with Oil of Amber , or Nutmegs , or apply this Epitheme to the Temples and Forehead with Linnen-rags . Take the Waters of Vervain and Betony , of each one ounce ; Vineger of Roses , Ointment of Alabaster , of each half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum one scruple ; mix it . Cold distempers of the head , may also be corrected by hot Cephalicks quilted in a Cap for the Head. Take of sweet Marjoram , Stoechas , Vervain , Betony , Sage , Flowers of Chamomel , of each one handfull ; Nutmegs , Cloves , Wood of Alloes , the Roots of Galangal , Cyperus , Calamus aromat . of each half an ounce ; let them be all beaten into Powder for a quilted Cap. Before you put it on , let the Hair be shaved close , and the Head gently rub'd for some time , the better to open the pores . Let the Sick abstain from fat and viscous Food , and let the mind be compos'd to chearfulness . If the Juice of the Pancreas abounding in the Body , be over sour , it causeth a vitious Effervescency , being oppos'd by Choler and Phlegm in the small guts ; from whence sour and ungratefull vapours may be sent to the Stomach , and thence to the Head. If the humours be over sour , the sense of hunger will be encreased , notwithstanding the Pain of the Head. This distemper is to be cur'd by giving those things which temper , and amend the acid Juice in the Body , and do prevent its encrease . Those things abounding with either a lixivial or volatile salt , do powerfully destroy this acid Juice ; as Pearl , Crabs-eyes , Coral , Chalk , Amber , Bloud-stone , Filings of steel , &c. Take this as a form of a Powder . Take of Crabs-eyes , Pearl , red Coral prepar'd , of each half a drachm ; white Sugar half an ounce ; let it be made into fine Powder for six Doses ; which may be taken morning and evening in two or three spoonfulls of the following Cordial Julep . Take Waters of Baum and Mint , of each three ounces ; Scurvigrass-water two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrup of Worm-wood , of each one ounce and half ; Oil of Juniper one drachm ; mix them together for a Julep , of which you may also give two or three spoonfulls every fourth hour . I prescribe no Purgers in this Distemper , because I am taught by large Experience , that the four Humours in the Body may be stirr'd up indeed , but not purg'd , unless with very great gripes , which will doe more hurt , than good . The encrease of the acid Juice , may be prevented by abstaining from the use of acids . Let the Patient's diet be moist , and fatty , as fat Broths , Jellies aromatiz'd , &c. When the Head-ach proceedeth from a hot cause , if the Patient be costive , first give this Clyster . Take of Mercury , Violets , Lettice , Mallows , Dandelion , of each one handfull ; Damask Prunes twenty ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two pints of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Electuary lenitive , one ounce and half ; Oil of Lillies two ounces ; mix them for a Clyster . After its operation , you may open a Vein and draw eight or nine ounces of bloud . Some Authours will not consent to Phlebotomy in any Head-ach , except the Pain be intollerable ; but I have had sufficient Experience , that it may be done safely in any Pain of the Head. Elixir proprietatis , taken in Wormwood-wine , to the quantity of half a drachm at a time , a little before meat , doth wonderfully conduce to amend the vitious quality of Choler . Choler may be evacuated by vomit , most commodiously by Antimonial preparations . Take of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum one ounce ; Oximel of Squills half an ounce . Give it in the morning . But if the Patient be averse to vomiting , the Choler may be evacuated by stool , by this or the like Cathartick . Take of Baum-water one ounce , Cinamon-water two drachms , Syrup of Roses solutive , the best Manna , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Cream of Tartar twenty grains , Diagredium ten grains ; mix it for a Potion , which may be given in the morning fasting . Also these most gratefull Tablets of Scammony may be prepared , and kept for use . Take Cristals of Tartar two ounces ; Scammony one ounce ; white Sugar four ounces ; with Gum Dragon dissolv'd in Rose-water as much as is sufficient ; let it be made into Troches according to Art. Half a drachm of these Troches may be given to a Child with carefull governing ; a Man or Woman may take two drachms of them . They who are fearfull of Scammoniats , though safe and potent , let them take the following infusion . Take of choice Rhubarb two drachms ; Cream of Tartar one drachm ; infuse them in four ounces of Endive-water for a night ; then strain it and add Syrup of Roses solutive , Syrup of Cicory with Rhubarb , of each half an ounce , Cinamon-water two drachms ; give it in the morning fasting : This Electuary is also an excellent Cholagogue . Take the Pulp of Damask-prunes ten ounces ; Powder of Scammony , Cream of Tartar , of each two ounces , Rhubarb ten drachms , Cinamon half an ounce ; yellow Sanders two drachms ; the best Manna , Syrup of Cicory with Rhubarb , of each eight ounces ; mix all together into an Electuary according to Art. The Dose is from two drachms , to half an ounce , taken either in a Bolus , or dissolved in a sufficient quantity of Endive-water , or any other convenient vehicle . These excellent Medicines do not onely purge Choler abounding , but purify the Bloud and other Humours ; and here we may note , that if a purging Medicine do not operate according to Expectation , it may safely be repeated the same day without any danger . If the Head-ach be accompanied with a great Fever , and Thirst be augmented ; the following Medicines will much conduce to asswage it . Take of Barley-water two pints ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Syrup of Violets four ounces ; salt Prunella half an ounce ; mix it , and give the sick three or four spoonfulls of it often . This Tincture is also very effectual Take of Barley-water two pints ; Red-rose-buds one ounce ; spirit of Vitriol twenty drops , or as much as is sufficient to make it of a good Tincture , let it infuse all Night , then strain it , and add Syrup of Jujubes four ounces ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every three hours . If an Emulsion may please better , take this following form . Take of sweet Almonds one ounce ; the four greater Cold-seeds of each half an ounce ; white Poppy-seeds two ounces ; let the Almonds be blanched , and all well beaten in a stone Mortar ; then with four pints of Barley-water , make an Emulsion ; strain it , and add Syrup of the Juice of Limmons , Diacodium , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; of which let the sick drink often , four spoonfulls at a time . You may also have a little fine Sugar , and salt Prunella equally mixt , which may be kept in the Mouth , to deceive the Thirst. But where rest is hindred by the Choler abounding , and cannot be obtain'd by the Emulsion , which gently procureth sleep ; you may dissolve two grains of Laudanum opiat . in two or three spoonfulls of it , and give it at night ; or you may order this or the like Julep . Take the Waters of Lettice , Water-lillies of each two ounces ; Syrup of red Poppies one ounce ; Cinamon-water half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum four grains ; Oil of Vitriol six drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it to cause sleep . This Epitheme may be applied to the Temples , and Fore-head with Linnen-rags . Take the Oils of Violets , and Water-lillies of each half an ounce ; the waters of red Roses , Lettice , and Houseleek , of each two ounces ; Vineger of Roses half an ounce ; mix it . You may also anoint the Temples and Fore-head with this Ointment . Take the Ointment of Alabaster , Populion , Oil of Mandrakes , of each half an ounce ; mix it . Let the Patient's diet be Mutton or Veal-broth without salt . When a salt Catarrh , or the like spittle is the cause of Thirst augmented , you may administer a Pill of S●yrax , or Cynoglosson , which will temperate the saltness of the humours ; and if salt serous matter abound in the Bloud , you may purge it b●●●ool and Urine , for which there are variety of Medicines prescrib'd in the Chapter of Catarrhs . CHAP. II. Of the Palsie , and Apoplexy . THE Palsie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. a solvendo , eo quod nervorum genus resolutum , facultate animi defluere prohibita sensu motuque destituatur . It may be also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. dimidia Apoplexia . In Latin it is called nervorum resolutio vel relaxatio . It is a Privation of sense and motion of one side of the Body , or of some particular part . The Apoplexy is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , percutior , attonitum reddo . In Latin 't is called stupor corporis , it being an Abolition of sense and motion through the whole Body . The parts affected are the Brain , Spinalis medulla and Nerves ; the motion of the Animal spirits through them being deprav'd . The causes are either external , or internal . The external is much cold and moisture , which doth chill and over moisten the Head , and extreme parts ; and this seems to prove that phlegmatick and watry Humours abiding about the Ventricles of the Brain , and Nerves , may over moisten , and perhaps so far loosen the Tunicles or Membranes of them , that it may render them unfit to let the Animal spirits pass through them ; hence it is that sometimes one particular Member hath been Paralytick by too much Cold and Moisture ; and sometimes more parts have more or less lost sense and motion . It is the opinion of most eminent Physicians both ancient and modern ; that the Animal spirits being severed from the Bloud in the Brain , &c. are from thence carried through all the Nerves to exercise the external senses and Animal motion ; which is continual and equal in healthy persons , but changeable and unequal , according to the divers diseases of the Body or Mind . Wherefore when no Animal spirits are carried to the Organs of the external Senses , or Animal motion ; the functions of seeing , smelling , tasting , hearing and touching : and the sense of heat , as also of motion in the Palsie and Apoplexy , cease all that time . The Signs of the Palsie are manifest ; to wit , deprivation of sense and motion of the Paralytick parts ; the Eye , and half the Tongue , ( viz. of that side affected ) is much weakned , and deprav'd . The signs of the Apoplexy approaching are these , a sudden crying out for help , with an abolition of sense and motion . 1. If the Palsie , or Apoplexy do invade the sick in the decrease of the Moon , and the Patient be old , 't is an ill sign . 2. If the sick do snort , and is droughty , and cast spume or froth out of the Mouth , and have great sweat with difficult breathing , 't is mortal . But if the Person be young , and a strong Fever immediately happen , 't is a good sign ; for the Fever consumes the superfluous moisture , and makes a Dissipation of the gross and phlegmatick Matter . 3. A Palsie coming after the Apoplexy is ill , and many times turns to the Apoplexy again . When any of the extreme parts be Paralytical , or when the Head is ill affected by the external coldness of Air , Water or Snow ; or a stoppage of the Head be also bred thereby , or the defect of the Animal spirits chiefly urge ; then the sick may be cur'd by driving out whatsoever cold has pierc'd into the Head , or any other parts of the Body , which may be done by spirituous and volatile Sudorificks ; for they do not onely alter and correct the cause of Cold , and other Evils accompanying it , but do also amend the harm entring into the Body , containing , and contained . To this end I commend this following Form. Take of Treacle-water one ounce ; Fennel-water , and Epidemical-water , of each two ounces ; Syrup of red Poppies , and Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Bezoar-mineral , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Spirit of salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix it , give the sick three or four spoonfulls of it , and expect to sweat , being meanly covered ; and a spoonfull every half hour afterward , till the sweat break forth ; then give them some pure Broth , with a little Wine in it , whereby strength may be recreated , and the Patient enabled to bear a Sweat longer ; for nothing so much helps the sick as a sweat continued mildly a while , which experience hath often taught me . For by the help of this spirituous , and volatile , and also Aromatick medicine , or one like it , the troublesome Cold , and dulness of motion are discust . They who let bloud in this Distemper caused by external Cold ; or think they can carry out the Cause of this Evil either by vomit or siege , put the sick into danger of death , or at least of most grievous Evils . But when phlegmatick and watry Humours stick about the Nerves , &c. And too much moistening and loosening their Membranes and Marrow , be the cause of the Palsie and Apoplexy , and if the same humours much abound in the Body ; then Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues may conduce to the Cure , after Clysters , and internal Aromatick Sudorificks . Wherefore to begin the Cure of this ; you may first give this or the like Clyster , which must be made strong . Take of sweet Marjoram , Betony , Sage , Penny-royal , Hyssop , Rue , Mercury , Marsh-mallows , the lesser Centaury , the Flowers of Chamomel , and Stoechas , of each half a handfull ; Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a quart of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and dissolve in it the Electuary Diaphaenicon , benedicta laxativa , of each half an ounce ; pil . Cochiae twenty grains ; common Salt one drachm ; Oil of Rue two ounces ; mix it for a Clyster . The next day ( if the sick have a Plethorick body ) you may draw bloud from either arm , to eight or nine ounces . If Phlebotomy cannot be done , apply Ventoses with Scarification to the shoulders ; afterward sweat the Patient with the aforesaid Sudorifick . Sometimes Suppositories may be used in stead of Clysters . This may serve for Example . Take the Powders of Coloquintida , Salt-niter , Hiera-picra simple , of each one drachm ; Euphorbium half a drachm , Honey boiled as much as will make it into a Suppository . But if it appear that phlegmatick and viscous Humours do abound in the Body , Purgers may be prescrib'd most conveniently in the form of a Pill , because the Gums are most apt ( above all other Medicines ) to loosen and cut viscous Phlegm ; neither can they be easily dissolv'd in any liquour . Let this , or such a like form of Pills serve . Take the Gums Amoniacum , and Galbanum , of each two drachms ; dissolve them in Vineger of Squills , strain it , and boil it , to a due consistence ; then add Powders of Troches , Alhandal , Scammony , Mastick , of each one drachm ; Oil of Anise-seed eight drops ; make it into a Mass of Pills according to Art. Let the sick take five or six small Pills of this in the morning fasting , and an hour after drink some thin broth . If the humours be more serous , I commend this Electuary . Take Juniper-berries one pound ; boil them in six pints of Fennel-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then add the Fruit of Tamarind eight ounces , and pulp them both through a Sieve : To which add Powder of Jalap , and Scammony prepar'd , of each three ounces ; Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seed , of each half an ounce ; white Sugar one pound , make it into an Electuary according to Art. The dose of this effectual Medicine , is to half an ounce , to people of age ; a Child may take from half a drachm , to a drachm , either by it self , or dissolv'd in Whey , or Parsley-water , or in any other convenient Vehicle . After universal evacuation hath been made , and the Patient's stomach be still nauseous , this vomit may safely be given . Take the Infusion of Crocus metallor . Vinegar of Squills of each one ounce , give it in the morning with Care : After the operation of it , give some of this Cordial Julep . Take the Waters of Sage , Couslips , Lillies of the Valley , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water one ounce ; Syrup of Peony-flowers , Stoechas , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Castor two drachms ; Spirit of Salt as much as will make it of a gratefull taste , of which you may give the sick three or four spoonfulls every fourth hour . To correct a slow ferment , and also to amend Phlegmatick viscous humours , a Medicinal Wine may be prepared for the rich , in this form . Take the Roots of Galangal , Elecampane , of each half an ounce ; the tops of Wormwood , Mint and Calamint , of each one handfull ; Powder of Cinamon , Anise-seed , of each half an ounce ; Nutmegs two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in six pints of White-wine . The sick may drink of this Physick-wine at dinner and supper , adding to every draught , five or six drops of Elixir proprietatis . When the wine is almost consum'd , more may be poured on , till it cease to be Aromatical . External means for the Palsie , and Apoplexy are also to be used . Bathing is much commended , both natural and artificial ; and how excellent it is daily experience doth manifest . This artificial Bath , or one like it , may be prescrib'd , where a natural sulphureous or nitrous Bath cannot be had . Take Sage , Penny-royal , Betony , Organ , sweet Marjoram , Hyssop , Rue , Time , Ground-pine , of each six handfulls ; Flowers of Chamomel , Melilot , of each four handfulls ; Roots of Briony , Pellitory of Spain , of each four ounces ; Bay-berries , Juniper-berries of each three ounces ; Brimstone six pound ; Salt-niter two pound ; let all be bruised and boiled in twenty Gallons of Spring-water , till the third part be consumed . Let the sick be well bathed with this as often as strength will permit . After bathing , anoint the hinder part of the Head and Neck , and down the Vertebra of the Back with this Oil ; upon which let a Fox-skin drest be worn . Take Chymical-oils , of Juniper-berries , Turpentine , Spike , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Chamomel , Earth-worms , Rue , Foxes , of each one ounce ; Spirit of Castor two drachms ; mix it . This plaister may be applyed to the Head. Take Galbanum , Opopanax , of each half an ounce ; Mustard-seed , white Pepper , Euphorbium , Castor , of each two drachms ; Chymical Oil of Sage and Rue , of each twenty drops ; Oil of Spike and Turpentine , of each a drachm ; make it into a Plaister which you may spread on leather , and apply it warm to the Head. Or you may make the quilted Cap as is prescrib'd in page 6. to wear constantly ; Oil of Nutmegs is good to embrocate the Ears and Nostrils ; also Errhines , Sternutatories , and Apophlegmatisms may be used with good success . Take Castor , sweet Marjoram , Betony , Root of white Hellebor , of each a drachm ; beat them all into a fine Powder . Blow up some of this Powder ( with a quill ) into the Nostrils , to cause sneezing . Let the Patient's diet be such as may not breed Phlegm , and let it be thin and spare , as Water-gruel , in which boil some Mace ; or you may make Broth of Mutton , &c. in which boil Sage , Rosemary , Time , sweet Marjoram , Couslips , &c. Of this broth you may make Panado's with the Crums of white Bread , and the Yelk of an Egg. Let Anise-seed , or sweet Fennel-seed be baked with the bread . Abstain from all clammy Diet , as Fish and Milk , &c. and eat little or no supper . CHAP. III. Of Convulsions , and the Epilepsie . THE Cramp or Convulsion is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin Convulsio . It is a very painfull , involuntary Contraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their Original . There are generally two sorts of Convulsions . viz. A true Convulsion , and a Convulsive motion . A true Convulsion is either universal or particular . Of the universal there are three Kinds . The first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin tentio ad anteriora ; when the Body and Head is drawn forward . The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin tentio ad posteriora when the Head and Body is drawn backward The third is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , and distentio in Latin , in this the whole Body is inflexible . The particular convulsions are various . If it be in the Eye , it is called strabismus . That of the Mouth , is call tortura oris , &c. The Falling-sickness or Epilepsie , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , invado , quod sensum atque mentem pariter apprehendat . It is called also in Latin Epilepsia vel invasio ; item morbus hominem ita invadens , ut retineat & sistat sensuum actiones , because the mind and senses in this disease are suddenly surprized . It may be called morbus caducus , a cadendo , or morbus puerilis because it is most subject to Children ; or more properly noverca puerorum , quod eos male tractat . It is also called Herculeus , & Elephantiasis a magnitudine , because it is difficult to cure . Some call it morbus lunaticus , because the sick are most subject to the fits at the change of the moon ; but enough of the Names . The Epilepsie is an universal Cramp or Convulsion of the whole Body , with deprivation of sense and motion in the time of the fit . The parts affected are not onely the Brain , Cerebellum and Spinalis medulla , but all the Nerves and Muscles . The causes are either external or internal . The external , may be by the biting of some venemous Creature ; or by a wound or puncture of a Nerve or Tendon . Sometimes it may be caused by surfeiting or drunkenness ; and also by the taking of Hellebor , &c. It may be also caused by a mineral Gas suming from the Mines of Lead , or Antimony , &c. which infecteth the Air with noxious metalline exhalations of a venemous malignity ; which is many times the cause of Convulsions , as they can tell by experience , that live near those Mines . The internal causes are acrimonious and flatuous Vapours , rising from the small guts , because of over viscous Phlegm , and the over acidity and tartness of the Juice of the Pancreas , which causeth a vitious effervescency of the humours , by which the Lympha is also rendred very sharp . These sour flatuous Vapours continually ascending to the Head , together with the spirituous substance of the Bloud , and going forward into the Ventricles of the Brain , and Cerebellum , and so to the first spreading of the Nerves ; and corroding them , causeth an inordinate agitation , and very fierce motion of the Animal spirits ; and by a continual and grievous Irritation , urging about the beginning of the Spinalis medulla , is the cause of an universal Convulsion , or Epileptick-fit , in which all the Muscles of the Body are most vehemently contracted . The Irritation in a particular Convulsive motion or the Cramp , which may be oft observ'd in the thigh or leg , and other extreme parts , may be also ascrib'd to the same sharp and sour flatuous Vapours , carried to the beginning of the Nerves and Tendons of the said Members , fretting and gnawing them sometimes with great pain . The signs of Convulsions are manifest . The preceding signs of the Epilepsie , are trembling , sadness , fearfulness , vertigo , numness , debility of the senses , troublesome sleep , with great pain of the Head. The signs of the Epilepsie presently approaching , are a vehement shaking of the whole Body , foming at the Mouth , and a sudden deprivation of all the Animal functions . 1. A Convulsion or Epilepsie , being hereditary , is incurable . 2. If a pregnant Woman be taken with either of them , it is very dangerous ; and also after Abortion . 3. Children are most subject to these diseases , because they abound with abundance of moisture , and flatulent Vapours in the Brain ; and because they have Nervorum poros angustos , whereby the Brain is easily filled with such vapours ; and therefore we see that Children are often troubled with them , young People more rarely , and old Folks but seldom ; and we find that Children better suffer them than either of the other , who frequently die of these fits , especially of the Epilepsie , when in their falling there follows snorting , gnashing of the teeth , a ghastly countenance , much some at the Mouth , involuntaria seminis effusio , and great cryings out . 4. Of all the kind of Convulsions , Tetanos is the most difficult to cure ; because it is ( as it were ) composed of the other two kinds ; but if a fever happen in this or any other Convulsion , the sick will suddenly recover , because a fever dissolveth it ; but if a Convulsion should succeed a fever , it is very dangerous , especially from a wound , or proceeding from venemous matter . So likewise it is very dangerous if it be caused by taking of Hellebor . When a particular Convulsion is caused from a prick of a Nerve or Tendon ; as it may happen sometimes by the unskilfulness , or precipitancy of the Chyrurgeon in opening a vein , then most speedily pour into the wound or puncture , the Oil of Turpentine , with rectifi'd Spirit of Wine , both actually hot ; as that famous Chyrurgeon Mr. Ambrose Parey adviseth in his ninth Book , Chap. 11. of which I have had large experience with good success . The like course may be taken with all other wounds of the nervous parts . But if the wound of the Nerve or Tendon yield not to this medicine , the same is to be cut asunder cross-ways , seeing it is safer to lose the action of one part , than that the sick should be exposed to the danger of a deadly Convulsion . When the Nerves or Tendons of the Muscles are prickt by sharp splinters of bones , the grievous pains succeeding , soon cause a particular Convulsion of that part , and at length an universal Convulsion will attend the Patient , if there be not speedy help . Wherefore if possible , the sharp fragments of the bone must be cut away ; or if this have been neglected , or could not be done , and an universal Convulsion be feared , you must hasten to amputation of the member ; For , Necessitas non habet legem . If a particular Convulsion be occasion'd by a hot Tumour or any other sharp pain , which hath rais'd an inflammation ; let the pain be diminisht as well by internal , as external Anodines and Narcoticks , to allay the over encreas'd motion of the Animal spirits . To this end you may give the sick two or three grains of Laudanum opiat . at a time , either in a Pill , or dissolve it in a little Wine or other convenient Vehicle . And if the ingenious and judicious Physician , or Chyrurgeon , do add a little volatile Salt , either of Animals or Vegetables , to his topical Medicaments , whether fomentations , Cataplasms , or Ointments , he will wonder at the incredible benefit ; for by the help thereof the Tumour will be mollified and dissolved , the internal obstruction loosned , and the pain eased . If a Convulsion be caused by the taking of Hellebor , or any other venemous matter ; administer an Antimonial vomit with all speed . But if it be a Child , give it ten grains of Salt of Vitriol , or half an ounce of Oxymel of Squills , with a drachm of Oil of Almonds . After the operation of the Emetick , ( and also at other times ) you may give some of this Julep . Take of Black-cherry-water , the Water of Line-flowers of each two ounces ; Briony-water compound , Syrup of Peony , of each one ounce ; Tincture of Castor half an ounce ; Confection of Alkermes one drachm ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every fourth Hour . Having briefly hinted at the Cure of particular Convulsions ; I come now to those more universal , as likewise Convulsive motions , and the Epilepsie . And seeing there is little difference , in the remote causes of them in the Body ; these diseases may ( for the most part ) be cured with the same Remedies . 1. First then the peccant humours are to be temper'd , and diminisht . 2. The rising of vapours is to be hindred , and their expulsion procur'd by sweat , or insensible transpiration : By which the over motion of the Animal spirits will be restrain'd and brought to tranquillity , that is a more quiet motion . All Aromaticks , and all things abounding with either a fixt or volatile Salt , do not onely correct , and by cutting amend the viscous phlegmatick humours ; but do powerfully temper and destroy the over acidity and tartness of the juice of the Pancreas . To temper and diminish these humours , I commend these medicines . Take the Roots of Male-peony , Valerian , Missletoe of the Oak , and Peony-seeds , of each two ounces ; Castor half an ounce ; let them be all bruised , and infus'd in Peony-water compound , the Water of Line-tree-flowers , of each one pint , for the space of twenty four hours ; then strain it out very strongly , and add Syrup of Peony and Stoechas , of each three ounces ; Spirit of Castor half an ounce ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls at a time every fourth hour , with which you may mix Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Elixir proprietatis , of each six drops . Also you may give the Patient half a drachm of the following powder in three or four spoonfulls of this Infusion , with the aforesaid Spirit and Elixir . Take of Crabs-eyes , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , Salt prunella , of each half an ounce ; volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salt of Amber , of Man's skull prepar'd , of each two drachms ; make it into a fine powder , which may be taken half a drachm at a time , morning and evening . The peccant humours being temper'd and diminisht , by the frequent use of the abovesaid medicines ; the inordinate , involuntary and impetuous motion of the Animal spirits , ( in Convulsive and Epileptick fits ) will be the better reduc'd to a calm and voluntary motion , by the help of volatile and spirituous Sudorificks , mixt with Anodines , and Narcotick medicines us'd in a small quantity , and at times ; which two will be expedient to be given together , because then they will the better circulate to the Animal spirits , and temper and educe the hurtfull flatuous Vapours . For which I commend the following form . Take of Treacle-water , Fennel-water , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Peony , Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar mineral , Crabs-eyes in powder , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Tincture of Castor one drachm ; Oil of Cloves three drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack ten drops ; mix it , and let the sick take it , being well cover'd with cloths , whereby the sweat will the easier come forth . If the Body be costive , let it be made soluble by a Clyster , or Suppository ; such as is prescrib'd in the cure of the Apoplexy . As often as the Stomach is nauseous , or the sick inclines to vomiting ; let the Emeticks before mention'd be carefully administred ; and likewise three or four days before the full of the moon . But if the sick be averse to vomiting , and Pills or Potions are more acceptable , take the following as Examples . Take of Extract . Rudij , pil . foetidae ex duobus , of each a drachm and half ; Castor , black Hellebor prepar'd , of each half a drachm ; Salt of Amber twenty grains ; Oil of Rosemary twenty drops , with Syrup of Stoechas ; make it into a Mass for pills ; of which you may give half a drachm twice a week . Also this purging Infusion is very effectual . Take of the best Senna , Rhubarb , and Cream of Tartar , of each an ounce and half ; Liquorish , and the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Guiacum , China-roots , of each six ounces ; Missletoe of the Oak , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , Bay-berries , and Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be all bruised , and infused in Black-cherry-water , and the Water of Line-tree-flowers , of each a quart , very hot for the space of a Night ; then strain it very hard , and add Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated half an ounce ; mix it . Let the sick take four ounces of this purging Infusion every morning , whereby the viscous humours and flatuous Vapours may be both corrected , and also evacuated gently by degrees . If bloud abound , let a Vein be opened ; in Women open the Saphaena in either Foot , but in Men you may apply Leeches to the Hemorrhoidal Veins . &c. Bathing hath been often us'd ( with good success ) in these diseases . A natural sulphureous Bath , such as is in the City of Bath , is excellent ; but when it is not to be had , an artificial Bath may serve . That which is set down in the Cure of the Palsie and Apoplexy , is of excellent Virtue , and very effectual in these distempers . After bathing , let the Spina Dorsi , and other affected parts be anointed with the following Ointment . Take the Oils of Euphorbium , Rue , Castor , Petre , Spike , Turpentine , Bricks , Dil , Chamomel , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Amber and Juniper , of each two drachms ; the Ointments Martiatum and Aregon of each one ounce ; mix them for an Ointment . Issues are approved of , either in the Neck , or Arm ; also Ventoses with Scarification , Sternutatories , Errhines and Masticatories are all commended . This Masticatory may serve for Example . Take the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Ginger , Calamus aromaticus , of each one ounce ; Mustard-seed ; all sorts of Pepper , Nutmegs , Castor , Mastick , of each half an ounce ; beat them all into fine Powder , and with fine Honey boild into a Syrup , make them into Troches according to Art. When they are drie you may chew them one after another , when you please to draw the Rheum out of the Mouth . When the fit is coming , or upon the party , blow up some Sneezing-powder into the Nostrils , or the Smoak of Tobacco into the Mouth . Embrocate the Temples , Fore-head and Nostrils with Oil of Amber ; and hold the Spirit of Salt Armoniack to the Nose , in a Narrow-mouth'd viol . Make a noise in the Ears ; and let the sick be kept in a light Room , with the Head upright . Let the teeth be kept open with a stick , or rather with a little viscus quercinus , if it may be had . Let the soles of the feet be well rub'd with Salt and Vineger ; also Frictions and Ligatures may be used in the parts affected . Some commend a Pigeon cut asunder , and applied hot to the Navel ; for hereby the venemous halituous Vapours are partly drawn away . I might add variety of medicines for the cure of these diseases ; but those before mentioned are sufficient to give light to the ingenious Artist , who knows how to prepare diversity of them , as well milder for Infants and Children , as stronger for Adults . I will therefore prescribe a powder to preserve Children from Convulsive and Epileptick-fits , and so conclude this Chapter . Take the Roots of Peony , Valerian , of each half an ounce ; the Moss that groweth upon a Man's skull , the triangular Bone of a Man's skull prepar'd , Missletoe of the Oak , Elks-hoof , the Seeds of Peony , sweet Fennel and Annise , of each two drachms ; red Coral , whitest Amber , and Emerald prepar'd , of each one drachm ; white Sugar the weight of them all , let them be reduc'd into a fine powder . You may give a Child twenty grains of this powder with a little Oil of sweet Almonds , so soon as it is born , which may happily preserve it from Convulsions , and Epileptick fits . And because obstructions of the Belly in Children , exposeth them to flatuous Vapours , and Gripings , and so consequently to Convulsive and Epileptick-fits ; I advise you to keep the Belly open , either with a little Manna , or a Carminative Clyster , so often as you see convenient . Let the sick live in a serene Air , and abstain from all food that breeds bad nourishment , and flatulent Vapours . CHAP. IV. Of the Night-mare , and Vertigo . I Shall treat of these two distempers in one Chapter , because if either of them continue long ; they are Forerunners of the Palsie , or Apoplexy , and sometimes Convulsions , or Epilepsie . The Night-mare is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin 't is called Incubus ab incubando , quod externa vis quaedam aut moles incubare videtur . It is called the Night-mare , because it oppresseth the sick in the Night , at which time they think that some great weight lieth upon them , by which they seem to be almost suffocated . It happens most commonly after the first sleep , whereby the party oppressed , is deprived of speech and motion , and sometime breathing for a time . When the fit is upon the sick , they do imagine that some Witch or Hag lieth hard on their Breast or Stomach , ( from whence it hath also acquired that Name ) in which they cannot stir , nor call for help , though they have a great desire , and do strive very much to cry out , but are possessed with a panick fear . The cause of this distemper , is most commonly intemperance in eating and drinking , especially in the Night ; whereby crude halituous Vapours are bred in such plenty , that nature cannot disperse nor dissolve them before sleep ; and therefore they are raised up to the Ventricles of the Brain , by which imagination , sense and motion are all depraved . The giddy motion is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. obscuritas oculorum . In Latin 't is called Vertigo , ex vertendo quod Caput vertere videtur . In this disease the Animal spirits are wrong mov'd , which makes the sick believe that not onely all things they look on , go in a Circuit about , but their Head and other parts , seem to turn round ; which many times causeth them to be in danger of falling , or tumbling headlong . The cause of the giddy motion , is either external , or internal . The external are either an intent looking at any object that turns round , or about , especially if very remote ; or a frequent turning about of the Body it self . The internal cause , is the ascent of flatuous Vapours to the Head , together with the spirituous part of the Bloud , and carried with the Animal spirits , into the passages of the Brain , and Cerebellum ; by which the motion of wheeling about is communicated to the Animal spirits , and anon carried to the Cristalline humour of the Eyes , by the Optick nerves ; and so a Giddiness seems to be produc'd . For the Cure of these diseases ; seeing they are the Forerunners of the Apoplexy , and Epilepsie ; I refer you to those excellent Medicines prescrib'd for the Cure of them . Let such as are subject to these distempers , be very sparing in their diet ; let them avoid all Herbs , Roots and Fruits , that are windy ; and all viscous and gross diet , such as is of hard Concoction . Let the external Causes be remov'd , and the internal causes corrected . Sublata causa tollitur effectus . CHAP. V. Of the Lethargy Coma , Carus , and Catalepsie or Catocus . THE Lethargy is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , id est , ab oblivione & inertia . Because in this disease , the sick is very forgetfull and slothfull . In this distemper , there is a very great propensity to sleep , accompanied with a Symptomatical Fever , and sometimes with the Hiccough , with difficulty of breathing , dulness of the Head , and many times a deprivation of the Senses . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sopor altus , is an insatiable inclination to sleep ; the sick being called unto , they open their Eyes , and answer , but presently fall a sleep again . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is called in Latin crapularis redundantia ; because it is sometimes caused by surfeiting , end drunkenness . It is deep and profound sleep , whereby imagination , sense and motion are all depraved . In these there is no Fever , in which they differ from the Lethargy . Catalepsis , vel Detentio , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies a with-holding , or restraining , because in this distemper , the mind , with the senses , and motion are all suddenly surprized , so that the sick remain stiff , and immoveable , in the very same posture in which they were taken , with their Eyes open . The causes of these diseases are either external , or internal . The external causes are gross food , idleness , spirituous wine , or any other inebriating liquour taken in excess ; and sometimes by the Air inspir'd , which is defil'd by the Smoak of Coals , or other mineral Fumes , by which the Air may be infested . The internal cause , is a Narcotick force mix'd with the Animal spirits , bred by degrees in the Body , by the frequent use of opiats , not well corrected , which not onely dulls the mind , but causeth a sluggishness of the whole Body ; for the Animal motion being deprav'd , the external , as well as internal senses , will be thence soon infected , and defil'd . These diseases are all very dangerous , and except they are speedily cur'd , they will soon hurry the sick into the Boats of Acheron , or devouring Jaws of Death . But if a Phrensie cometh immediately after any of them , it cureth the Patient with little help of medicine . To cure these diseases , let the drowsie Animal spirits be stir'd up , and rais'd from sleepiness , and stupidness , by potent external Objects , which may sharply move the external senses ; let the sick be kept in a light room , and be often called upon very strongly , and let sharp smells be applied to the Nostrils , such as Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Harts-horn , &c. Also sharp spices or salts should be put into the mouth , and gentle frications us'd ( with warm Cloaths ) to those parts that are affected with Numness . The Animal spirits may be freed from the Narcotick force mingled with them , ( and likewise slothfulness , and sleepiness may be ( by little and little ) diminished , ) by the frequent use of sharp volatile Salts , and all Medicines endued with an Aromatick biting ; such as Pepper , Cloves , Castor , Garlick , Horse-radish , Mustard , Scurvigrass , &c. Of which you may make diversity of Medicines , for example . Take the Waters of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , of each two ounces , Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass one ounce ; Tincture of Castor two drachms ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix it , and give the sick two or three spoonfulls every two hours . This decoction is also very effectual . Take the Roots of Horse-radish , the best China , of each two ounces ; Roots of Galangal half an ounce ; Scurvigrass , Hedge-mustard , of each one handfull ; Cloves one drachm ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and infused in White-wine , and Fountain-water , of each a quart , for the space of a Night very hot ; the next morning boil it gently for half an hour , then strain it , and add Syrup of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; mix it . Let the sick lying in bed , meanly covered take often in a day five or six spoonfulls of this decoction , whereby a light sweat may break forth to ease them . By the frequent use of these medicines , the Animal spirits will not onely be freed from their drowsiness , but even the Narcotick force bred in the Body ( either in the length of time , or received in from without ) may be corrected , and by degrees gently educ'd by insensible transpiration : So that at length , these dangerous distempers may happily be overcome . Let Clysters , and Suppositories be often administred , as need requires . Those prescrib'd in page 17 , 18. in the Cure of the Palsie and Apoplexy , are very effectual here . If strength and age permit , let a vein be opened in either Arm or Foot , as you shall see cause ; for generally Authours consent to it , besides Experientia docet , Let Ventoses with ( or without ) Scarification be applied to the shoulders and hinder part of the Neck . And let Sternutatories be often snuft up into the Nostrils , to provoke sneezing . Take the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , white Hellebor , of each half a drachm ; Castor , Nutmegs , white Pepper , of each twenty grains ; Flowers of Lillies of the Valley one drachm ; beat them into a fine Powder . If the Stomach be foul , and the sick incline to vomit , give this or the like . Take the decoction of Horse-radish , two ounces ; the infusion of crocus metallorum , Oxymel of Squills , of each half an ▪ ounce ; Oil of sweet Almonds newly drawn , two drachms ; mix it , and give it in the Morning . But if the sick had rather take Pills or Potions , let the following serve . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . foetidae , ex duobus of each half a drachm ; Powder of Castor twenty grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops , with Syrup of Stoechas , make it into Pills , for three doses . You may give them twice a week in the Morning fasting . This purging Infusion is also very effectual . Take of the best Senna , Rhubarb , Polypodium , of each half an ounce ; Mechoacan , Agarick , Turkey-Turbith , of each three drachms ; Ginger , Anise-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised and infused in eight ounces of Ale very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and add the best Manna ; Syrup of Roses solutive of each one ounce ; Spirit of Castor twenty drops ; mix it for two doses . Let the affected parts , as the Head , &c. be bathed with this or the like fomentation . Take the Roots of Master-wort , Angelica , Zedoary , of each three ounces ; Bay-berries , Juniper-berries , of each four ounces ; Sage , Marjoram , Rue , Rose-mary , Betony , Flowers of Lavender , Melilot , Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in White-wine-vineger , and Fountain-water , of each three quarts , till half of it be boiled away . After bathing anoint the hinder part of the Head with this Oil. Take of Oil of Rue , Marjoram , of each half an ounce ; Oil of Amber , Rose-mary and Bricks , of each two drachms ; Oil of Bays , Euphorbium , Castor , of each six drachms ; mix them . For Revulsion , let the soles of the feet be washed with Salt and Acet . Scillitic . Vesiccatories may also be applied to the Coronal Suture , and behind the Ears ; or upon the Shoulders , Neck , Arms , Thighs , &c. Avoid all vaporous and phlegmatick Nourishment . CHAP. VI. Of the Phrensie , and Madness . THE Phrensie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mens ; quia mentis morbus . The Phrensie is an inflammation of the Brain and Meninges , both the dura and pia mater ; causing an acute continual Fever , which remains from the first moment of its invasion , to the last of its duration , thence a delirium , and raving Madness , together with great trouble of mind , afflicts the sick in a superlative manner . Madness is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , insanio , 't is called in Latin amentia , furor , insania . It is a furious alienation of the mind , or a vehement delirium without a Fever ; in which it differs from the Phrensie . I know there are not wanting the works of great Physicians , who have written very learnedly of these diseases ; but omitting the opinion of others ; I shall in a few words , relate that which seems true to me , to be the cause of these furious distempers . None who are ingenious Searchers of Truth ; and have weighed accurately ( with an attentive mind ) both the fabrick and ways , or Vessels of the containing Body , and the natural motion of the Bloud , and other humours ; will deny , that almost innumerable diseases do arise from the vitious effervescency of over fat Choler , the too tart Pancreat juice , and over viscous Phlegm , flowing together in the small guts ; for by this vitiated mingling not onely hurtfull humours are produc'd , but often wind , and halituous Vapours , causing much harm to humane Bodies . Wherefore I judge , when Phlegm is very viscous , or otherwise vitious , and the juice of the Pancreas too tart and harsh ; sharp halituous Vapours are thence produc'd , elevated from the small guts , because of a vitious effervescency there rais'd ; and thence continually ascending to the Head ; and with the spirituous Bloud , circulate into the Ventricles of the Brain , by which the Animal spirits are vitiated , and troublesomely mov'd , and hindred of natural rest and tranquillity ; therefore 't is no wonder that the Empty mind of the sick is thereby disturb'd , and at length the sick become distracted and mad . But if Choler be predominant , these vapours become very cholerick and acrimonious ; which rarifies the Bloud by degrees more and more ; so that at length the heat and burning Fever in the Heart , ( and thence through the whole Body ) is encreased by Choler successively over-ruling , which causeth the Phrensie . No marvel then if heat , pain , and inflammation , and pulsation of the Head do chiefly vex the sick in this grievous distemper ; seeing no part of the Body hath so many Arteries , and receives so much Bloud as the Head ; wherefore the pulsation of the Temples is felt more troublesome than elsewhere , because of the remarkable windings of the Brain , through which great Arteries are carried ; from whence great watchings , and at length raving Madness do molest the sick . But there still remains something requisite to be set down , as the chief cause of these , and most other distempers , which ought not to be despis'd ( either by Jew or Gentile ) seeing we have the word of God for it ; and that is the crying sins of Mankind continually drawing God's Judgments on them . You may reade the 28 th . Chapter of Deuteronomie , where the Prophet Moses enumerates the many diseases , with which God would smite the Children of Israel , for the wickedness of their doings , whereby they had forsaken him . And not onely they , but we also shall be subject to these grievous distempers , and eternal destruction also , if we do not turn to the Lord by unfeigned repentance , except ye repent , ye shall all likewise perish , saith our blessed Saviour Jesus Christ in Luke 13.3 . Verse . Those poor creatures who have been miserably afflicted with these furious diseases , and happily recovered ; can tell by sad experience , that they have been many times hurried almost to desperation , by the cunning wiles and temptations of Satan ; which hath prevail'd on many to lay violent hands on themselves ; from which let us pray , libera nos Domine . 1. The Phrensie is a most acute and dangerous disease , insomuch that it ends most commonly in seven days ; for in that time it either terminates by the recovery of the sick , or else they go over the threshold of the other world . 2. If the Phrenetical party hath a Crisis either by sweating , bleeding at the nose , or Haemorrhoids , &c. or a tumour appear behind the Ears , there is hopes of recovery : but if the sick gnash with his teeth , and his Excrement and Urine be whitish , and no Crisis appear , 't is mortal ; so likewise is it very pernicious , if it turn either to the Lethargy , or Convulsion . In the Mania or Madness , if the stomach or appetite decay , and the sick be very fearfull , and hath continued long , it is most difficult to cure : but if the party be merrily conceited , it is not so dangerous . 3. If the swelling of the Veins in the Legs , called Varices , or the Haemorrhoids , or Menses , or any other flux of bloud should happen to them that are mad or frantick , there may be hopes of recovery . And that we may pass on to the cure of these lamentable diseases : let the following Golden precept be speedily observ'd . Principiis obsta , sero medicina paratur : Cum mala per longas invaluere moras . For unless speedy help be procur'd for the Phrensie , it killeth the party in a short time : and likewise Mania or Madness becomes oft ( by degrees ) so stubborn , and rebellious , that it can be cur'd onely late or never . Ttherefore the friends of the sick are to be admonish'd to consult with the honest Physician , so soon as the signs begin to be manifest ; for when it hath taken deep root , it is hard to be eradicated , or overcome , unless by an Herculean labour . First therefore let a Clyster be administred . Take of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Violets , Lettice , Beets , Pellitory of the wall , Mercury , Centaury , Water-lillies , of each one handfull . Damask Prunes twenty . Boil them in a quart of Barley-water till half be consumed , then strain it , and add Electuary Lenitive , Syrup of Violets , Roses Solutive , of each one ounce ; Oil of Violets two ounces ; Common Salt one drachm . Mix it for a Clyster . After the Operation of it , you may open a Vein in the Arm. But if Menses , or the Haemorrhoids be suppressed , then open the Saphena , in either Foot ; and let the orifice be made pretty large , because thereby sharp and fatty vapours may more plenteously be effus'd together with the bloud : whereby the troublesome heat will be the better temper'd , and not a little diminisht . Neither will it suffice to let bloud once , but this evacuation is oft to be iterated , till ( by the diminisht feverish heat ) it appears that the cause is remov'd or overcome . But let Phlebotomy be warily done , where choler abounds , because sanguis est fraenum Bilis : wherefore I advise the young Practitioner to take away but little bloud at a time , which may be done so often as need requires , either by an instrument , or leeches to the Haemorrhoids . Ventoses with scarification , may be applied to the shoulders , also Vesiccatories to the armes , thighs , & inter scapulas , in extremis morbis , extrema sunt adhibenda remedia . Choler over plenteous in the body , may be safely diminisht by a mild chologogue ; for example . Take of Dandelion , Succory , Sorrel , of each two handfulls ; Tamarind-fruit two ounces . Boil them in a quart of Barley-water till half be consumed ; Strain it , and add the waters of Cinamon , and Fennel of each one ounce ; The best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops . Let the sick take oft a draught of this Julep , till the body be made soluble ; but if there be a strong constitution of body , I refer you to those excellent Medicines prescribed in page 8.9 . of this book , which evacuates choler more powerfully by stool . But where the Stomach is full and nauseous , let a vomit be administred without delay ; and here I prefer Antimonials before all o-thers , both because they do most happily empty any humours promiscuously , and because they are most friendly to humane nature , bringing all the humours by degrees ( after a peculiar manner ) to a most laudable state . And because in this distemper , the sick is always attended with a greivous and furious raging ; let those things be given which will not onely promote sleep , but powerfully temper the sharp cholerick humours . To this end I commend any fixt Mineral , Sulphur of Vitriol or Antimony , which will temper the Acrimony of choler , and free the bloud from such matter perhaps before all others . But where these choice Medicines are not to be had , Opium well prepared will conduce beyond any commonly known Medicine ; which may be used both Internally and Externally . This Cordial Opiat is of great virtue . Take the Waters of Sorrel , Lettice , Penny-royal , Fennel , of each two ounces ; Cinamon water , Syrups of red and white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum ten grains ; Tartar vitriolated half a drachm ; Oil of Vitriol ten drops ; mix it , and give two spoonfulls of it often , whereby the body may the sooner be reduc'd to sleep , and the mind to tranquillity . The following Epitheme , and Linament may be used outwardly to give ease , and promote sleep . Take the Waters of Betony , red Roses , of each two ounces ; Vinegars of Roses , and Marygolds , of each half an ounce ; Opium twenty grains . Mix it . Let Linen cloaths be dipt in it being warm , and applied to the Forehead , and region of the Temples ; and as often as the cloaths are dry , moisten them with the same , till pain be diminisht , and sleep follow . Take Populion half an ounce ; Opium dissolv'd in Oil of Poppies half a drachm ; mix it for a Linament ; wherewith anoint each region of the Temples , and spread some of it on brown Paper and apply it . Let the diet be very thin and cooling : Avoid hot spices , Wine , and other strong Liqours , and let the common drink be Barley-water with Syrup of Limmons . Pigeons cut asunder , and applied to the Soles of the Feet , do many times avail , by drawing down hot Vapours and Fumes from the Head. By this you may know how to cure not onely Phrensies , but all ravings and watchings , which are ingendred by Fevers ; for it will not be very hard from what is aforesaid , to frame or join such helps as may conduce to the same . In mania or madness ; when Phlegm is over viscous , and the Juice of the Pancreas too tart and harsh , exceeding , and over-ruling the other humours in the Body ; whereby sharp halituous Vapours are continually rais'd , disturbing the sick both in Body and Mind : Speedy care must be taken to correct and educe the vitiated humours , to amend and discuss the hurtfull flatuous Vapours , and also to compose the immoderate passions of the mind . Volatile Salts and Aromatick Oils do not onely correct viscous and acid Phlegm , but sour and tart Vapours also ; for they have power to cut and dissolve that which is viscous , to temper and correct that which is sour and tart , and to discuss and dissipate what is vaporous and windy . The following Julep , whose power is singular and stupendious , may be deservedly preferr'd before many others . Take the Waters of Parsley , Fennel , Mint , Penny-royal , Scurvigrass , of each two ounces ; the Waters of Treacle and Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Syrups of Fennel , Poppies , and the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . twenty grains ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack and Niter , of each twenty drops ; Oils of Annise-seed and Cloves , of each ten drops ; mix them . By the frequent use of this Julep , or such like ; the hurtfull humours and vapours will not onely be corrected , and amended ; but a new Production of them will be hindred , and both Body and Mind reduc'd to a more quiet frame . These Pills will be also usefull to correct more , and mildly educe , or expell the vitious humours . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar of Squills ; Powders of Mastick , Troches Alhandal , Rozin of Scammony , and Jallop , of each one drachm ; Powders of Castor , Mirrh and Saffron , of each twenty grains ; Oils of Cloves , Harts-horn , Balsom of Sulphur with Oil of Anise-seed , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each ten drops ; beat them all into a Mass for Pills , of which you may give half a drachm at a time , in the Morning fasting . It will be convenient to take these Pills twice a week , for the better vanquishing the rebellious and redoubl'd humours . Also let Antimonial vomits ( rightly prepar'd ) be sometimes administred , they being endued with an universal force of cleansing Man's body from all harm and impurity . By these forms any judicious Practitioner , may easily invent other prescriptions in some things to be varied , as the disease requires . Thus having premis'd a rational , and dogmatical cure of these grievous diseases , confirm'd by experience ; I think it my duty ( once for all ) to admonish the honest Physician , and others who attend the sick ; to be often seeking the Lord for a Blessing on the means . And if all refuge sails , to take the Advice of the Apostle James in the 5 th . Chapter and 14 , and 15. verses . This was the Custome of the Primitive Christians without doubt , and I wish it were more in use amongst us at this day ; for God is as able to heal the sick now , as he was then , for he is the same yesterday , and to day and for ever . I thank God , I have had some experience of his great goodness and mercy , extended towards some of his poor Creatures , by means of this ordinance , when all other help of medicine , &c. have prov'd unsuccessfull , for which uni Deo & trino Gloria . CHAP. VII . Of CATARRHS . THE Catarrh is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , fluo . It is called in Latin distillatio , because it is a defluxion of excrementitious and sharp Rheumatick humours from the Head , into most parts of the Body ; invading not onely all the conglobated , and conglomerated Glandules ; by which the Circulation of Lympha and Spittle are deprav'd : But also the Nerves , which causeth intense or vehement pains , and inflammations in the parts ill affected , which is most commonly attended with a Symptomatical Fever , especially if the Rheum be thin and sharp , and do flow very violently . And seeing this distemper is not enough explain'd in Authours , either ancient or modern ; I therefore ( God prospering my indeavours ) will bestow some pains in searching out , and proposing the true causes and effects of it ; which I hope will induce other liberal and ingenious spirited Artists to a farther inquiry after the occult causes , not onely of these , but other obscure diseases daily occurring in practice ; that so by little and little , many things in the Art of Physick , as yet most obscure and confus'd , may be illustrated , and most commodiously explain'd . Experience confirms , that there are many kinds of Catarrhs ; some are more thick , others more thin ; some acid and salt , others more sweet ; some Rheums are hot and sharp , flowing more violently , other cold and pituitous , flowing but slowly ; hence it is , that some Catarrhs are attended with Fevers , and some without . The causes of Catarrhs are either external , or internal . The external cause is from external sudden Cold , shutting the pores of the skin , hindring the discharge of sweaty Vapours by insensible Transpiration ; for if the usual ports of the skin do deny passage to the sweat , it will in a little time condense , and thence become sour , by which the extreme parts are chilled , which doth manifest it self by a shivering ; as any one may experimentally observe after taking Cold. These humours having not vent through the porous skin ( which is absolutely necessary ) by the habit of the Body ; they are conveyed to the Head ( together with the Lympha ) through the Lymphatick Vessels . The internal cause arises from pituitous humours , gradually collected ( besides Nature ) in the conglobated Glandules , observeable about the Plexus Choroides in the side Ventricles of the Brain , and elsewhere ; perhaps in the Tonsils , and all the rest of the small Glandules about the trachaea Arteria ; hence the Lympha becomes sourish salt , as is tasted in a Coryza . Whence also we may probably conclude , what way soever the conglobated Glandules are hurt , that the Lympha declines from its natural State and Quality : And as its depravation is milder or sharper , more grievous , or lighter pains are thence bred ; of which we have many times an ocular demonstration in the flowing down of the Rheum through the Nostrils , which is oft so sharp , that it doth corrode the skin , and superficies of the face where it comes . If it be in quantity moderate , it is conveighed to the infinite little salivary Ducts or Chanels , in the conglomerated Glandules , which open into the palate of the mouth , and there pour out the salival Liquour which they contain ; which is either swallowed down into the Stomach , or else it is evacuated by spitting ; and if Nature be overburthened by its plentifulness , it is also sent forth by the Nostrils . But if the Lympha becomes more sharp , acid and salt in the Glandules before mention'd , it produceth first a stoppage , and burthensome Pain of the Head , which overcomes the retentive , and provokes the expulsive faculties ; so that Nature being driven to most violent motions , doth extravasate , and intravasate the Rheumatick humours , hic & ubique , a Capite ad Calcem , through the most abstruse and inconspicuous passages of nature ; so that it is the opinion of many learned Physicians , that a Catarrh is the original of many diseases incident to humane Bodies . 1. Catarrhs happening to Children , are dangerous , especially if there appear plenty of humours , because they abound with moisture , and are full of excrements : Wherefore if a sudden defluxion happens to any of a tender age , desperate accidents may follow . 2. If the Rheum flow through the Nostrils , it is but gentle ; if to the Throat 't is worse , but if to the Lungs , worst of all ; and if it becomes inveterate , it is very hardly cured . In the Cure of Catarrhs , the Head is chiefly to be taken care of , because the Rheum doth continually flow from it ; therefore the Head ought to be corroborated , and the superfluous moisture thereof to be dried up : And likewise the part or parts ( to which the Rheum flows ) must be strengthned ; the vitious quality of Lympha , and the other humours is to be corrected , and their plenty diminisht . As Catarrhs consist of a different matter , and afflict divers parts , so they require diversity of medicines to cure them ; for if the matter be thick and viscous , it must be attenuated and cut with Aromaticks , and afterward evacuated with Phlegmagogues : So likewise serous and salt Catarrhs are to be temper'd with Oily things and Opiats , and the plenty of humours to be diminisht with Hydragogues ; by which means the cure will be the sooner performed . For viscous Catarrhs , accompanied with a Cough , I commend these following medicines . Take the Waters of Hyssop , Mint , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Fennel and red Poppies , of each one ounce and half ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it , of which you may give three or four spoonfulls , every three hours . By the frequent use of this Aromatick Julep , the viscous Phlegm will not onely be attenuated , but the over sharp Vapours will be discust , and the other humours temper'd . After the Phlegmatick humours , &c. are thus prepared ; it will be convenient to evacuate them downwards , by gentle purgation , with powerfull and effectual Phlegmagogues ; and such are all mercurials , Colocynthis , Hermodactils , &c. to be taken chiefly in the form of Pills . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . ex duobus , of each one drachm ; Mercury dulcis half a drachm ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix them for three Doses . If the sick be averse to Pills , give this Potion . Take of Rhubarb , Agarick , Hermodactils , Polypodium , of each two drachms ; Cinamon , Cloves , of each one drachm ; Sage , Rosemary , of each one handfull ; sweet Fennel-seed , Juniper-berries , of each three drachms ; bruise them and infuse them in Hyssop-water very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and dissolve in it Syrup of Roses solutive , Electuary Diaphaenicon , of each one ounce ; mix it for a Potion . Every night give the Patient a Pill of Styrax , or Hounds-tongue , to stay the Rheum , and to give ease and rest . If the Catarrh be serous and hot , accompanied with a Fever , and the sick have a costive Body , this Clyster will be effectual . Take the common decoction for Clysters twelve ounces ; Diacatholicon , Electuary of the Juice of Roses , of each six drachms ; Oil of Chamomel two ounces ; common Salt one drachm ; mix it for a Clyster . After the operation of it , you may open a Vein in either Arm , and take away eight or nine ounces of Bloud . Then give this purging decoction . Take Borage , Lettice , Purslain , Endive , Violets , of each one handfull ; the four greater coldeeds , of each one drachm ; Damask-prunes ten , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised , and boiled in eight ounces of the pectoral decoction till half be consum'd ; then strain it , and dissolve in it Syrup of Roses solutive , Electuary of the Juice of Roses , of each half an ounce ; Spirit of Niter six drops ; mix it for a Potion . You may give this Potion twice in a week ; which will both temper and gently evacuate the serous and acid humours ; and flatuous Vapours will also thereby be discust , and gently educ'd . To cause rest , and thicken the Rheum , let one of these Pills be given every Night to bed-ward . Take of Laudanum three grains ; Powder of Olibanum , Extract of Saffron , of each four grains , with a little pectoral Syrup , make it into four Pills . Or you may give a Pill of Styrax every Night going to bed . When the Rheum flows down from the Head , into the Trachaea arteria , it stirs up a Coughing more or less , according to the sharpness and plenty of the humours , which are many ways vitiated ; wherefore a Cough may be diversly cur'd , according to the diversity of its cause . If the humours be over sour , they may be corrected with Pearl , Coral , Crabs-eyes , &c. If the Rheum be too serous and salt ; the aforesaid pil . Estyrace & Cynaglos . &c. is excellent to temper it . Becchical Troches , both white and black are not onely effectual , but gratefull to the sick in this coughing distemper . If the humours be thick and viscous , they require sourish sweet things , and Aromaticks to attenuate and cut them . The fore-mention'd Julep may be prescrib'd in this Case . When the salt , sharp and serous humours abounding , are corrected and temper'd ; they may be diminisht by Hydragogues . The Hydragogue Electuary prescrib'd in page 18 is an effectual and gratefull medicine , which may be often us'd to the profit of the sick . Children may take from one drachm to two , and Adults to half an ounce ; of this excellent medicine once or twice a week . As in other distempers always , so let me here admonish you in general , to be very diligent to attend to the medicines that most conduce to every particular Body , whereby they may be prefer'd before the rest ; and as long as they profit , continue in the use thereof , that so the health of the sick may be every way promoted . When much bloud is voided by coughing , there is great danger ; wherefore we must hasten the more to its cure ; lest the opportunity here ( if any where urgent ) be lost by delay ; for the singular substance of the Lungs is easily infected and corrupted , but difficultly restor'd and repair'd ; wherefore bloud carried down from the Head into the Lungs , and raising a Cough , is to be stopt in its efflux . To this end let a Vein be opened , especially if a Plethora concur , or there be a notable heat of Bloud , or a suppression of its wonted emptying . After bleeding , let the over great heat be allay'd with sour and tart medicines ; for example take the following Decoction . Take of Plantane , Housleek , Wood-sorrel , of each two handfulls ; boil them in Barley-water one quart till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of Jujubes three ounces ; Salt prunella one drachm ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . The flux of bloud may be stopt by conglutinating medicines , which have power to close the Vessels , either broken by violent coughing , or corroded by the sharpness of the descending Rheum . Take the Waters of Comfry , Plantane , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , distil'd Vinegar , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Mirtles , Comfry , of each six drachms ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; Oil of Sulphur per Campanam twenty drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every two hours . This choice medicine often taken , will cure the most ruptions of vessels , and will soon stop the flux of bloud , beyond expectation ; but I advise , that a sparing use of it should be continued for some time , after the disease is cur'd to sense , whereby the affected parts may be strengthned against the access of a new evil . The bloud distilling into the sharp Artery of the Lungs , will soon corrupt and turn into purulent matter , if not prevented by convenient medicines , which hath power to dissolve the coagulated bloud , that it may be the easier expectorated . The following form may be prefer'd . Take the Waters of Hyssop , Fennel , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vineger , of each half an ounce ; Syrup of Hore-hound one ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give two or three spoonfulls every two hours . If the Lungs be ulcerated , the Cure thereof will be promoted , if you add two or three drops of Balsam of Sulphur , with Oil of Annise-seed , to every spoonfull that you give of the aforesaid medicine , or in any pectoral Decoction ; it must be given oft in a day ; the better to finish the Cure. In all Catarrhs if the Rheum have been long , you may use a Decoction of China , which will wonderfully temper the humours ; or you may add lign . sanctum , sassaphras , sarsaparilla , &c. which will dry up the Rheum by degrees . The sharp humours being temper'd , and the matter of Rheum partly evacuated by Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues , &c. outward means that dry up Rheum are likewise to be used ; as Caps for the Head , Perfumes , Errhines , Sternutatories , Masticatories , Apophlegmatisms , &c. Ventoses with Scarification , may be also applied to the Neck and Shoulders ; and Fontinels may be made in the Neck and Arm , for they have been often profitable in Catarrhs . Also Vesiccatories applied to the Coronal future , and inter scapulas will avail much . Let the Temples and parts adjacent be anointed with Oil of Amber , Oil of Nutmegs , &c. and let the Fume of Amber or Mastick be often drawn up into the Nostrils . Also a Sternutatory ( such as is prescrib'd in page 21. in the Cure of the Palsie ) is very effectual to cause sneezing , twice or thrice in a day . A Cap may be also quilted for the Head ( of the following things ) with Cotton-wool and red Sarcenet . Take of sweet Marjoram , Betony , Baum , Bazil , Red-rose buds , of each half a handfull ; the Berries of Mirtle and Juniper , the Seeds of Peony and white Poppy , of each one drachm ; Calamus aromaticus , Nutmegs , Cloves , Frankincense , Mastick , Styrax calamitis , Laudanum , of each two drachms ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder , for a quilted Cap. Also this following Powder may be prepar'd , to fumigate the Head and Cloaths ; morning and evening . Take of Olibanum , Styrax calamitis , Amber , of each two drachms ; red Roses , Coriander-seeds prepar'd , Mastick , Gum of Ivy , Cloves , Mirtle-berries , white Poppy-seeds , of each one drachm ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder . Also this Masticatory may be often used . Take of Mustard-seed , Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Master-wort , Capers , Mastick , Amber , of each one drachm ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder , and tye up some of it in a Linen-rag , and chew it in the mouth every day before Dinner and Supper . Or you may chew either Mastick , Amber , or the Root of Pellitory of Spain by it self , which will draw the serous humours away by spitting . Errhines may also be used ; they are either moist or dry , the dry are made with Pepper , Betony , Rosemary , Stavesacre , &c. The liquid are made with the Juices of Rosemary , Ivy , Beets , Mercury , sweet Marjoram , &c. And it may here be noted , that when Rheum doth flow down to the Throat , Lungs , &c. then Errhines may be used ; but when the humours flow to the Eyes , Nose , &c. then use Masticatories , for a Revulsion ; Revulsio enim est humoris fluentis attractio in partem contrariam . The Spirit of Salt Armoniack , held to the Nose in a narrow mouth'd Glass , doth wonderfully conduce above all others , not onely to dissolve the viscous phlegmatick humours , obstructing the Glandules : But also temperates the acid Saltness of Catarrhs . Plaisters may be also applied to the Head being first shaved , to dry up the Rheum , and strengthen the Brain . This may serve for Example . Take of the Plaisters ad Herniam , and Cephalick , Taccamahac , of each half an ounce ; mix it , and spread it on leather , and apply it to the Head. Let the Rheumatick live in a warm and dry Air , and use a drying Diet with moderation in eating , drinking , sleeping , and all other things . Jejunet , vigilet , sitiat : qui Rheumata curat . CHAP. I. Of Shortness of Breathing . SHortness or Difficulty of Breathing , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. afflo calidum ori . It is a disease in which the Bronchia of the Lungs are so stuffed with viscous Phlegm , that the sick can hardly breathe , but with wheasing , blowing or puffing , and do make a great noise with snorting ; in which the Diaphragma , and intercostal Muscles are violently moved . If the Lungs onely are stuffed , it is without snorting , and is then called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , â 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aegre , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro . In this the conduits of the Lights are much stopped , causing hardness , or straitness of breath , and pursiness . But if the Patient fetcheth breath with much difficulty , with the Neck stretched upright ; it may then be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rectus , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , spiro , i. e. erecta cervice spirare . The cause of this disease , is the Juice of the Pancreas growing more sour by its obstruction , joined to viscous Phlegm in the small gut , by which it becomes more flatulent ; and being stir'd up in its effervescency with Choler , it riseth to the Thoracick passage , by the Lacteal Veins , and so to the Heart and Lungs , and filling the airy conduits thereof , and sticking there , it causeth a breathing with snorting . The same humour is also carried to the Stomach , which causeth many sour Belchings in this distemper ; and if these flatuous humours become more sharp than viscous ; so often as they come to the Lungs , they pierce into the sharp Artery , and do so provoke and molest it , that thereby the Lungs are compelled to cough , by which the Expiration of Air is deprav'd . If there be much moisture contain'd in the sharp Artery , it will be the easier expelled by the help of coughing , but if the Trachea Arteria be affected with driness , then nothing is spit out , though with great and much labour , but the universal Body is wearied in vain with indeavouring to cough ; whence there is sometimes raised a vehement Pain both of the Head and Hypochondries , and other parts ; yea sometimes a Rupture is bred by it , and the Urine and Excrements are thereby often involuntarily extruded . 2. If this disease be not speedily removed , it will prove chronical and hard to be cur'd , unless the Patient be young and of a strong constitution , for otherwise it will end in a Cachexie or Dropsie . An Asthma , or wheasing Anxiety may happily be cured ( in the beginning ) by an Antimonial vomit , especially in those who do vomit easily , because the Phlegmatick humours ( which are contained in the sharp Artery , &c. ) are thereby immediately brought up ; but if vomiting hurts the sick , the humours may be evacuated downwards by gentle purgation , with powerfull and effectual Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues , such as is prescrib'd in the Chapter of Catarrhs . page 56.57 . If the Patient hath a costive Body , let carminative Clysters be often administred ; and if the Body be plethorick , let a vein be opened , either in the Foot , or apply Leeches to the Haemorrhoid veins , which will much conduce to free the respiration . Such medicines as have an expectorating quality , and have power to temper and discuss the over sharp vapours , may be often us'd in a little quantity . The following Julep may be commended in this case . Take of the pectoral Decoction half a pint , Cinamon-water , Syrups of Hore-hound , Fennel , of each one ounce and half ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack , Niter , of each twenty drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; Oil of Sulphur per Campanam ten drops , mix it . Quercetanus his Syrup of Tobacco , is commended in this distemper . Also Tobacco taken in a Pipe , or chewed in the mouth , draweth abundance of viscous Phlegm out of the Stomach and Lungs . Many more medicines might be inserted , but I refer you to the Chapter of Catarrhs , where you may be throughly furnished . CHAP. II. Of the Pleurisie , and other Inflammations . THE Pleurisie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 latus , quod tunicae costos succingentis lateris dolor . It is also called in Latin Pleuritis , & Inflammatio ; it being an Inflammation of the Pleura , and also of the intercostal Muscles , and other adjacent parts , as the mediastinum , pericardium , diaphragma , &c. It is attended with many Symptomes , as difficulty of breathing , shooting and pricking pain of the sides , which is the more exasperated by coughing , and is common in this distemper ; the Patient hath also a continual acute Fever , which is most commonly symptomatical . The Inflammation of the Lungs is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 circum & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pulmo , quod a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro . It is also called in Latin Peripneumonia , & Peripneumonicus morbus . It is not different in the causes or signs from a Pleurisie . The cause of the Pleurisie , and Peripneumony , and all other inflammations , is an obstruction of the Capillary vessels , ( in the inflamed part ) by glutenous Phlegm , carried together with the bloud through them , and if a Plethora concur , the bloud and humours will soon be stagnated , and become acrid and fervid , which preternaturally distends the vessels , by which circulation of the Bloud is hindred , so that at length the vessels break , and the Bloud is poured into the part affected ; which there corrupts and increaseth the pain and inflammation , and consequently produceth a tumour , where the putrid bloud and humours , ( being by degrees corrupted , ) are converted into purulent matter ; for the bloud being stagnated , or standing still in any part , the spirituous , and more volatile and subtle parts , that are wont to temper both the acid and salt parts , do afterward begin to vanish , whence both being made sharper , do more fiercely rise up one against another , and stir up an hot Effervescency , because of the Oily parts of the bloud present ; yea by degrees do so corrupt the bloud , as it turns it into matter , which is different according to the variousness of the bloud corrupted . 1. The sooner the inflammation and Tumour comes to suppuration , the more easie will be the Cure. 2. If a Pleurisie follow an Inflammation of the Lungs , there may be hopes of recovery ; but if a Peripneumony follow a Pleurisie , or Quinzy , 't is dangerous , and ( for the most part ) mortal . 3. If much matter be expectorated by coughing , and there still remain difficulty of breathing , 't is an ill sign ; so likewise is it , if in coughing nothing be spit up . 4. If the Pleurisie , or Peripneumony remain above twelve days , an Empiema will inevitably ensue ; for the bloud standing still , is by little and little collected in its vessels , and being peccant in a great excess , it distends them more and more , till at length they burst ; whence there happens an effusion of bloud into the Cavity of the Breast , and being there collected , and corrupted into matter , it constitutes a suppuration called Empiema . To cure a Pleurisie , and any Inflammation , and Aposteme following , it is required , that 1. The obstruction of the vessels be opened , that the Circulation of the Bloud stopt , and standing still may be restor'd . 2. That the Bloud effus'd out of its vessels ( if possible ) may be discuss'd , before it turns to matter . 3. That if the Suppuration cannot be hindred , it must be promoted with all expedition , that the purulent matter collected , might be evacuated . 4. That the cleansing and consolidation of the Ulcer be speedily performed . An obstruction of the vessels by viscous Phlegm , or bloud coagulated in them , may be cur'd by volatile Salts , prepar'd not onely of several parts of Animals , but also of Scorbutick plants , viz. Dandelion , Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , Garden and Water-cresses , &c. To these may be referred Crabs-eyes , the Jaws of a Pike , the Bone of a Harts-heart , Mummy , Sperma caeti , Antimony Diaphoretick , Opium prepar'd , &c. as also all fixt metallick and mineral Sulphurs . These volatile medicines have an egregious Power of dissolving all things coagulated , and conglutinated in Man's body , and of reducing the same to their wonted fluidity , and do mildly promote sweat ; hence it is that often by one such Diaphoretick given in season , both a Pleurisie , and Piripneumony , and also Inflammations of other parts have been most happily and safely cured without Phlebotomy . But where a Plethora concurs ; after a stool hath been procur'd by a carminative Clyster , let a vein be opened , for thereby the bloud standing still will be restor'd to its wonted Circulation ; for some of the bloud being let out , there will be a larger space made in the veins , for a more brisk and swift motion of the universal Mass of it . After a sufficient quantity of bloud is taken away , it will be profitable to give a Sudorifick . This may serve for example . Take the pectoral Decoction four ounces ; the Waters of Hyssop , Fennel , Parsley , Juice of Horse-dung clarified , distilled Vineger , of each three ounces ; Treacle-water , Cinamon-water , Syrups of the five opening Roots , and of red and white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , two drachms ; Mummy , Sperma caeti , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; volatile Salt of Harts-horn half a drachm ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take often a spoonfull of this Julep , which is rich in volatile Salt , and powerfully corrects the acidity of the bloud ; by the help whereof the clottering of it will not onely be hindred , but it s over thick parts incided , and by degrees attenuated ; and it s over thin parts will be discust , and evacuated together with Sweat or insensible Transpiration : It s over sharp parts will be also temper'd , and the Pain asswaged , and at length wholly taken away ; as also the obstruction it self will be loosened and dissolved ; for when the volatile Salt of the Sudorifick comes to the place of obstruction , it attempts the matter obstructing be it what it will , and cuts , attenuates , loosens , and makes it fluid ; whence it is farther driven forward together with it more easily . The bloud is also thereby more and more rarified , and becomes more fluid , and moveable ; wherefore there needs no farther care for elaborated medicaments , and Methods . Frustra fit per plura , quod fieri potest per pauciora . As for Topical medicaments , or external applications , the following are excellent . Take the roots of Briony , Smallage , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the tops of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Hedge-mustard , Agrimony , Wormwood , Mint , Vervain , Flowers of Melilot , Chamomel , of each two handfuls ; Cummin-seed , the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two ounces . Let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in two gallons of Rain-water till half of it be boiled away , then strain it for a Fomentation . Let the Inflammation or Tumor be well bathed with it , as hot as may be suffered , either with woollen cloaths , or soft spunges , fit to cover the part affected ; after which let it be anointed with the following ointment . Take Ointments of Marsh-mallows , Martiatum , of each one ounce ; Oils of Dill , Bays , Lillies , Poppies , Henbane , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Amber , Turpentine , Bricks , of each one drachm ; Camphire two drachms ; mix it . Then let this plaister be spread on leather , or linen cloath , and applied . Take Yellow Wax four ounces , Sperma caeti , two ounces ; Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar , one ounce . Make it into a plaster according to art . This egregious Plaster doth not onely preserve the bloud from coagulation in any part where it is applied ; but Milk also from curdling in the Paps . But if it be not to be had , the following dissolving , and mollifying Cataplasm may be substituted . Take of Onions rosted under the ashes two ounces ; Dwarf-elder , Hedge-mustard , Vervain , Elder , Chervil , Water-cresses , of each one handfull ; Powders of Album Graecum , Lupines , a Swallows nest , Barley-meal , of each one ounce ; Butter-milk as much as will make it into a Pultis . Apply it meanly warm to the inflam'd part , for thereby the internal obstruction will be the better opened ; but it must be renewed as often as it begins to dry . When the bloud is effus'd into such places , out of which it cannot be well remov'd , or discust ; suppuration or the generation of matter , must be promoted , and hastned ; which may be done by emollient and ripening Medicines , as the roots and leaves of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , white Lillies , Onions , Squills , the powder of Fenugreek , and Flax-seed , the meal of Barley and Beans , the Marrow of all bones , and all kind of fats , and almost any Oil that is exprest of seeds , or kernels ; as also divers sorts of Gums , as Galbanum , Liquid Styrax , Bdellium , Amoniacum , and also Wax and Turpentine , &c. Of these you may prepare Cataplasms , Oils , Unguents , Emplasters , &c. Which Judicious Physicians and Chyrurgions may doe as they see occasion . But when there is much heat in the part inflam'd , beware of all unctuous things , and let your Fomentations and Cataplasms be made with Butter-milk , which doth egregiously temper heat , and hinder St. Anthonie's fire from being easily join'd with the Inflammation . The generation of matter being promoted , and the Tumor come to suppuration , let it be opened either with an Instrument or potential Cauterie , in the softest and lowest part of it ; and let the matter be evacuated by little and little , because otherwise the strength of the sick will not be a little prostrated , especially when there is much matter contained in the Aposteme ; wherefore let not the Tumor be pressed hard , which is familiar with many Chyrurgions , but often proves prejudicial to the Patient . If the Orifice be too small , you may dilate it with a tent made of spunge dipt in Melilot pla●ster , and afterward pressed ; but it is better to lay it open by incision , if it may conveniently be done ; after which you must forth-with proceed to cleanse and consolidate the Ulcer ; to which end several Medicines are wont to be applied , all which I neither blame nor carp at . I have often considered ( with admiration ) the laudable effect of Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Turpentine , &c. In this case incredible to many , if a little of it be mixt with a milder Balsam , and dropt in or applied to the Ulcer ; for shortly after , the generation of new Phlegm is so diminisht , that oft by the help of this one Balsam , I have in a few days perfectly cur'd notable Apostemes after Inflammations , bred both in the Breasts and elsewhere . By this experiment not a little to be esteem'd I judge the cleansing and consolidation of Ulcers following Apostemes , to consist in the correction of acid and corroding matter , adhering to the Ulcer , and corrupting the bloud , ( at least in part that is apt to nourish it ) and turning it into new matter ; which may be corrected by the mention'd Balsam of Sulphur which is not onely Aromatical , but abounds with a volatile oily Salt ; by which the acid Spirit ( which corrupts the bloud into matter ) is not onely dull'd , but so amended , that the bloud flowing to it soon repairs the parts before consum'd , and finisheth the last consolidation . What farther may be deduc'd from this experiment , to perfect Physick and Chyrurgery also in other cures , let both ingenious Physicians , and Chyrurgeons , weigh and judge . If a Pleurisie , or Peripneumonie , be not carefully cured , an Empiema ( which is a collection of purulent matter in the cavity of the Breast ) will unavoidably follow . Wherefore if these Humors cannot be evacuated by expectoration , nor by sweating , pissing , or purging ; the matter may be drawn out by a * Paracenthesis made in the Breast . The Apertion may be made four or five inches from the Sternon ; not so near the upper as the lower rib , because under each rib there is an Intercostal Vein , Arterie and Nerve . I do not approve of the old way of performing this operation , viz. After the Orifice is made , to put in a Perforated Pipe of Gold , Silver , or Lead , and there to remain till the matter be all discharged . There is now a safer and surer way wherein is not onely avoided many difficulties and dangers , but 't is also done with less trouble and pain to the Patient . The Instrument must be made of Steel , sharp at the point like a Lancet , and hollow like a quill , with holes in several places towards the point , the better to evacuate the matter . When the quantity ( which you intend ) is discharged , draw out the Instrument , and put a little pledget of dry lint on the Orifice , and upon it a sticking plaster ; the next day ( according to the strength of the sick ) repeat it , either in the first place , or make a new Apertion . Thus you may doe every day , till the matter be all discharged . By this Instrument may a Hydrocele be also discharged , and likewise the Dropsie of the Breast and Abdomen . They that desire more directions in this Operation , may peruse Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente , in Libro de Operationibus Chirurgicis . CHAP. III. Of the consumption or Phthisick , and an Hectick Fever . THE Consumption is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Tabesco , because in this disease the sick doth consume or waste away . It is called in Latin Tabes , which is a general name for all Consumptions , whether it be Atrophia , Cachexia , or Phthisis ; but it may most properly be taken for an Extenuation of the whole body , caused by an Ulcer of the Lungs . The purulent matter of the Ulcer circulating with the bloud , doth infect , and by degrees corrupt the whole mass of it , which makes it unfit for nourishment ; hence it is that all the parts of the body do waste and consume . The causes are many , sometimes purulent matter may be communicated to the Lungs , from the Plurisie or Empiema , inflaming and corrupting them , which causeth an Ulcer . Sometimes a salt and sharp Rheum flowing down from the Head to the Trachea Arteria , which doth not onely cause a vehement Coughing , but doth corrode the Lungs , being naturally tender ; Hence an Ulcer will be caused . Also many times Pustules , or Tubercles , are generated in the Lungs , and coming to suppuration , they break ; and the matter flowing to the Bronchia , it may be spit up , if the Patient have strength ; but oft times an Ulcer remaineth , which causeth a Consumption . These causes depend sometimes on Choler , sometimes on the juice of the Pancreas , sometimes on Spittle , sometimes on Chyle , sometimes on Lympha any way Vitiated , by which the mass of bloud ( in time ) becomes also corrupted . When the Lungs decline from their Natural consistency , they Will soon become hard and tumorous , and so by degrees they will be corrupted , and ulcerated ; and the matter of the Ulcer corrupting , and makeing the mass of bloud glutinous , in circulating with it , doth so weaken and corrupt all the parts of the body , that they become unfit to perfect natural nourishment ; and therefore of necessity the universal body must consume and pine away ; sometimes it is caused by an obstruction of the lacteal veins , which hindreth the natural passage of the Chylus . Authours mention many more causes of Consumptions ; as Gonorrhoea , Nocturnal Pollutions , want of Nourishment , &c. The signs of a Consumption begun , are a great defluxion of Rheum into the sharp Artery , causing a violent Cough , by which the Lungs are exasperated , and there follows a Hectick Fever , sometimes putrid , from the purulent matter flowing into the Veins . To know whether the Lungs be ulcerated , let the Patient spit into water ; if it sinks it is matter , which is an infallible sign of an Ulcer ; for Phlegm always swims in water . When the Ulcer is confirm'd , there is difficult breathing , and wasting of the whole body ; the spittle is thick , and of various colours . If the Ulcer of the Lungs , and Consumption hath not been long , and the strength of the sick remains , there may be hopes of recovery ; & e contra . The Hectick Fever is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. ab habitu ; quod in habitu corporis , vel in partibus solidis consistat . It is an unnatural heat which hath seized upon the solid parts , and wasteth the moisture of them . The heat in an Hectick Fever is but little , and therefore rarely troublesome to the sick , except one or two hours after meat ; at which time the heat is a little sharpned and increased , which may be known by an over frequent though weak Pulse ; but it soon returns again to its former equality . But here it will not be amiss to shew you that there is a threefold moisture in the body , viz. bloud in the Veins and Arteries , a dewy substance in every part , and also a glutinous moisture ; which doth not onely nourish , but moistneth it , and keepeth the substance of each part together . In the beginning when the moisture begins to fail , the Hectick Fever is not easily discerned because there is still sufficient moisture to entertain the natural heat ; but if ( by the long continuance of the Hectick Fever ) the radical moisture of the solid parts begins to consume , it may then be easily known , for there follows a continual and lingring leanness of the whole body ; which being reduc'd to its extremity , may be call'd in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in English an extenuating Fever . The Latin Authours call it Marcor , which signifies Corruption or Rottenness . It is an immoderate dryness , and Consumption of the whole body , by reason of the defect of the substantial humidity . There are two degrees of it according to Galen , the one is , when this extenuation of the body is in fieri , in consuming ; the other is when it is in facto esse , or consummate ; in which the body is reduc'd to such leanness , that it seemeth to be nothing else but a walking Sceleton . The causes of an Hectick Fever , are External or Internal . The External causes are all that may occasion any of the other Fevers , for oft times Hectick Fevers are observ'd to follow other diseases , and especially Fevers of one day , proceeding from a great errour in Diet , and also from continual , and intermitting Fevers , when they are very vehement ; but most frequently from Inflammations of the Bowels , especially of the Lungs , for when an Ulcer follows , then the whole mass of bloud is infected by matter , and gets a singular glutinousness ; which being communicated to the other humours , spoils them with the same fault , and renders them unfit to perform the natural Functions rightly . Sometimes Hectick Fevers are observ'd to arise immediately from excess of the nonnatural things , as most vehement anger , too much watchings , immoderate sorrow , continued labour , want of food , &c. The Internal cause is , the over viscousness of the bloud and humours , because of which not onely the appetite of all food is diminished , and at length dejected , but the nourishment of all the parts of the body is dayly decreas'd ; for when there is loathing of food , then fermentation , separation of usefull from unusefull parts , sanguification , generation of the Animal Spirits , &c. is hindred and destroyed ; whence the toughness , and sluggishness of Choler , Spittle , the juice of the Pancreas , and Lympha , is dayly augmented , and the evil becomes by degrees greater , and at length incurable . If you perceive that there is so much of the radical moisture remaining , as is able to cherish the natural heat , which you may discern , if the colour of the body be fresh , if the figure be decent , if the proportion of the parts be according to nature , and the sick can ( in some good measure ) perform all actions , you may conceive some hopes of recovery . But if the Body be extenuated , almost like a Sceleton , viz. when the body seemeth to be nothing else but Skin and Bone , ( as the vulgar proverb is ) acquaint the sick with the danger , least Death seize upon them unprepared . Nevertheless , if the sick implore your aid of Christian Charity , withdraw not what comfort you are able to procure unto them . The Cure of a Consumption , and Hectick Fever , will differ not a little , according to the diversity of causes producing them . When an Hectick Fever comes with , or succeeds Fevers with or without fits , then upon their account , the cure may be varied according to the divers harm of the humours , differently peccant . If a Consumption , or Hectick Fever , be caused by purulent matter from an Ulcer of the Lungs , &c. then you must endeavour to free the bloud and humours from matter , which may be done by any Antimonial medicines rightly prepared , perhaps before all others ; whether they be Diaphoreticks , Purgers , or Vomiters , as experience doth manifest ; for it hath been observ'd , ( even in a Phthisick , and an inveterate great Ulcer of the Lungs ) to bring away a good quantity of matter , by Stool and Urine , so that then for many days , no matter was cast forth by a Cough . Among common things , all Vulnerary plants are good used in Decoctions . Let this or one like it , be a form of a Decoction in this case . Take the Roots of Plantain , Comfry , Round-birthwort , Liquorish , of each two ounces ; Fennel , Scabious , Plantain , of each two handfulls ; Figs , Raisons of the sun stoned , of each four ounces ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in three quarts of Barley-water till a third part be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrups of Hore-hound , and Hyssop , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains . Mix it . Let the sick drink two ounces of this Decoction oft in a day ; and if you add one or two drops of Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Annise-seed to every draught , it will be the more effectual . The Balsam prepared of the truly Sulphureous and inflameable Flowers of Antimony , is most excellent in this distemper , if it may be had , which may be taken as the Balsam of Sulphur . Also those medicines may be used which mildly amend and correct the viscousness , and glutinousness of all the humours ; for which I commend all mild Aromaticks , and Oily Volatile Salts , as that cut and alter every viscous humour , and reduce it into its natural state . Those medicines are to be selected as do most conduce to , and agree with the constitution of every sick person . Vitriolated Tartar is an excellent medicine , which will agree with all constitutions , and may be taken from ten to twenty grains ( every other morning ) in a little warm Broth. Also the following medicine is very effectual . Take the Powder of Cream of Tartar , and Tartar Vitriolated , of each half a drachm ; Volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salt of Amber , of each ten grains . Mix it for two doses , which may be taken in Chicken Broth , in the morning . These choice medicines will conduce much to cleanse the bloud and humours from all purulent matter , if there be any hopes of the Patient's recovery . All Effusions of Bloud , Seed and Milk , are to be shun'd , except the wonted emptyings , which are natural and serve the individual . Let the motions of the Mind be moderate , and the exercise of the Body be gentle , and let sleep and watchings keep a mediocrity . Appoint a moistning and nourishing Diet , which is of easie fermentation , as Broth , and Jellies of young Creatures , and Milk of Goats , Sheep and Cows , and chiefly of wholsome Women . A Panado made with the Broth of a Chicken , the Crums of White-bread , and the Yelk of a new laid Egg , may sometimes be given the sick for a change . Let ●ooling Herbs be boiled in the Broth , and Jellies ; adding other ingredients that are cooling , moistning and cordial , both to strengthen Nature , and revive the Spirits . Let the sick drink Barley-water , made pleasant with some Pectoral Syrup ; and if they have been accustomed to drink Wine , let it be well diluted with water . As for Fruit , Apples are much commended , especially Pippins , and Permains , which will much refresh the sick . If the Patient be costive , you may sometimes administer a Clyster of Milk and the yelk of an Egg. The worst symptome that can attend these diseases , is a Loosness ; if it so happen , give Goats or Cows milk , wherein steel hath been quenched , and Rice boiled in it , adding a little Powder of Cinamon , and let the sick eat commonly of it . CHAP. IV. Of the Palpitation of the Heart . THIS Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin , palpitatio Cordis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod leviter ac frequenter commovet ; because there is an over frequent Pulsation or leaping of Bloud in the Heart , &c. It is a Convulsive motion of the Heart , with a vehement Systole , and Diastole of it ; which sometimes hath been so inordinate , that the Pulsation hath not been onely seen , but heard at a notable distance ; yea sometimes it hath been so great , that the adjacent Ribs in young and tender people ( who have been afflicted with this distemper ) hath been dislocated , and the Aorta or great Artery , hath been much dilated . See Fernelius lib. 5. cap. 12. pag. 292. This deprav'd motion , or Palpitation of the Heart , is for the most part caused from sharp , viscous and flatuous humours , frequently arising out of the small Guts , and transmitted to the ventricles of the Heart , and adhereth to them , by which the Heart is provoked to a vehement and unequal contraction of it self , without intermission . These humours are mov'd and driven forward , either by their vitious effervescency ; or else they are stirr'd up by violent motion or exercise of the Body , especially in the quick ascending of a steep hill ; and sometimes they are constrain'd , or urg'd by grievous Passions of the mind . Sometimes there have been observ'd fleshy Tumours , and Cartilaginous excrescencies in the Substance of the Heart , when dissected ; and those poor Creatures when living were never free from a vehement Palpitation . Also Worms have been found in the Pericardium , of some that have been dissected after death ; which without doubt caused a deprav'd motion , or pulsation of the Heart when living . That which is caused by fleshy Tumours , Cartilaginous excrescencies , Worms , or any other extraneous thing in the Pericardium , or substance of the Heart , is incurable . But the Palpitation of the Heart which is caused by acrimonious , flatuous and viscous humours may be cured . Those medicines must be administred , that cut , and discuss , and temper an acid Acrimony . The following Julep may serve for an example . Take the Waters of Parsley , Fennel , of each three ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , Syrup of Mint , of each two ounces ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; mix it , let the sick take a spoonfull of it every quarter of an hour , till they get some ease . If the distemper hath persever'd long ; the peccant humours must be emptied out by purging ; and to educe them , I prefer before all others , Pills to be made of Gums , seeing they loosen the glutinous humours , and dispose them to be easier carried out . For example . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar half an ounce ; Powder of Scammony prepar'd , Troches Alhandal , of each two drachms ; Oil of Carraway twenty drops ; make it into a Mass for Pills . Take five or six of these Pills in the Morning fasting , twice a week . They who abhor Pills , may use an Aromatick and purging Decoction . The following though bitter is very efficacious . Take the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Roots of Angelica , Berries of Bay and Juniper , of each half an ounce ; the best Senna , Orange-peel , Carraway-seed , Coloquintida , of each one drachm ; Guiacum four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of Roses with Senna four ounces , Cinamon-water two ounces ; mix it . Let the sick take four ounces of this bitter Decoction , every other Morning ; which will by degrees diminish , and mildly educe the hurtfull humours by purging . But seeing not onely the cause ought to be removed , but also the Symptomes asswag'd , by refreshing the Heart ; you must administer cordial Medicines which have power to corroborate the Heart , and to cherish and strengthen nature . The following Cordial may be preferred in this Case . Take the Waters of Baum , Mint , Borage , Cinamon , of each three ounces ; Syrups of Baum , red Poppies , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . Amber-greese , of each ten grains , mix it . Let the sick take two spoonfulls of this rich Cordial every three hours , which will wonderfully refresh , and delight the sensible Stomach , from whence the persumed impressions will soon be communicated to the whole Body ; by which all the vital and animal Functions will be refreshingly cherished , and strengthned , and the Palpitation of the Heart eased and abated . If the Patient hath a costive Body , let a carminative Clyster be sometimes administred , and if a Plethora concur , let a vein be opened , either with an Instrument in the Arm , or by Leeches applied to the Haemorrhoids . CHAP. V. Of an universal Languishing , as also of Swouning and Syncope . AN universal Languishing of the strength of all the parts and functions , is sometimes observ'd to remain after some disease preceding , not rightly cured ; especially when the Infirmity hath been grievous , for then a weariness or defect of the Animal motion doth usually concur , together with a weak or little pulse , and dulness and debility of the internal and external senses ; whereby the sick continues weak and more languishing ( by certain intervalls ) than is natural . All the kinds of Swounings , may be divided ( for methods sake ) into two , viz. the lighter kind , and the most grievous . The lighter kind of Swouning or fainting is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin animae defectio , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anima , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 deficere , because it is an Imbecility or Feebleness of the Heart and Courage . The most grievous and singular kind of swouning , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 concido , to cut away ; quod praeceps virium omnium lapsus . It is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. pulsus privatio , because there is no pulse ; neither indeed ( presently in the fit ) is there any Animal or voluntary motion or respiration to be observ'd , so that they are more like dead than living Creatures . The signs of these fits approaching are yawnings , a Cardialgy , Anxiety or Compression of the Heart , griping and distension of the Belly , tinkling in the Ears , dimness before the Eyes , and a Giddiness ; and at the approach of a Syncope , there are often Convulsive motions , with a cold and glutinous sweat , and paleness of all the parts of the Body . The causes of these distempers are either external , or internal . The external are many , as extreme weariness of the Body , exceeding passions of the mind , prolong'd hunger or thirst , ungratefull smells , the sight of any Person or thing that is envied , too great effusion of Bloud , Seed or Milk , over great evacuation of the humours , by Vomit , Stool , Sweat , Urine , &c. It may also be caused by the biting or stinging of any venemous Creature , and by any other vehement pain . Sometimes it is produc'd by a great heat , either of the Sun , Fire , Bath or Fever . Any of these Causes mention'd ( being extreme ) may so change , and diminish the natural effervescency , and rare faction of the bloud , that the Heart it self is not thereby enough expanded , and contracted : So that the vital bloud cannot be sufficiently effus'd into the Arteries ; and therefore the Pulse is felt less and more languishing , yea sometimes none . The internal Cause is glutinousness encreased in the bloud , and the other humours ; and sometimes an encreased Acidity in the Juice of the Pancreas , Lympha and Spittle ; by which the Circulation of the Bloud and Humours becomes too slow ; hence the Ventricles of the Heart are not enough dilated , which causeth the Pulse to be weaker than is natural , for the effervescency of the bloud and humours being not potent enough , cannot provoke the Heart to contract it self , and therefore a Swouning or Syncope will inevitably ensue . They who are much subject to a Swouning or Syncope , dye suddenly . Those fits which are produc'd from some evident cause , as vehement passions of the mind , immoderate evacuations , &c. are less dangerous than those which come from an internal cause , as glutinousness of the bloud and humours , &c. Which in a great measure hindreth its free Circulation through the Ventricles of the Heart , whereby there is a sudden and swift failing of the vital Spirits , and consequently of all strength . To cure an universal languishing , as also a Swouning and Syncope ; the phlegmatick , glutinous , and acid Humours must not onely be corrected , but when they abound , must be diminish'd and educ'd out of the Body . Therefore to correct and amend the said humours abounding , both in the universal Body , and Bloud ; I will here set down some forms of select medicines , for the sake of young Physicians . The following Decoction , is an efficacious Medicine . Take the Roots of Elicampane , Galangal , Angelica , Calamus Aromaticus , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Sage , Baum , Betony , sweet Marjoram , the Tops of Hore-hound , Centaury , Wormwood , the Flowers of Rosemary , Stoechas , Chamomel , Clove-gilliflowers , of each one handfull ; the Seeds of Anise , Sweet-fennel , Parsley , Cardamoms , Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two drachms ; Orange-peel , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Nutmegs one drachm ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of Fountain-water for a night ; then boil it gently till a third part be consumed ; strain it , and add Syrup of Mugwort , Stoechas , tincture of Cinamon , of each two ounces ; mix all together . Two or three ounces of this Decoction may be taken at any time , twice in a day , either before or after meat , that so the power of the medicine may mildly mix and incorporate it self , not onely with the food , but with Spittle in the Stomach , and also with the threefold humour flowing together in the small Guts ; and thence with the universal bloud and humours in all the Veins and Arteries ; whereby the desired amendment , and correcting of them will be performed , sooner , easier and more happily . If any like a medicinal Wine better , they may infuse the aforesaid Ingredients in a sufficient quantity of White-wine , and drink it daily both at dinner and supper time . These choice Medicines may be continued for some time ; but when the sick is weary of them , you may use the same Ingredients in the form of a Powder , or Electuary , or make them into Troches , with Syrup of Staechas , Mugwort , &c. Or you may make use of those compound Powders which are to be sold at the shops , viz. Spec. Diambr . Diagalangae , Dianthos , &c. all or either of which may be used as aforesaid . If any will be better pleas'd with Pills than other Forms , you may prescribe these , or some like them . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar two scruples ; Powder of Amber , Mastick , of each one scruple ; Frankincense , Mirrh , Castor , of each ten grains ; Vitriol of Mars prepar'd to whiteness , half a drachm ; Chymical Oil of Mace , eight drops ; beat them into a mass for Pills . Let the Patient take four or five of these Pills in the morning fasting , or at night an hour after supper ; whereby the viscous phlegmatick and acid humours will be potently corrected , and temper'd ; which being done , the peccant humours may be effectually educ'd with these hydragogue Pills . Take Gum , Sagapenum prepar'd with Vinegar half a drachm , Rosin of Jallap , Gambogia , of each one scruple ; Oil of Juniper four drops ; mix them into Pills . Four or five of these Pills may be administred at a time ; or more or fewer , as the sick is more difficult or easie to be purg'd . When a swouning Fit or Syncope is near approaching , give those things that will powerfully concentrate the four flatuous vapours , and discuss the glutinous Phlegm . The following Volatile , and Aromatick Cordial will conduce much to this purpose . Take the Waters of Mint , Fennel , Betony , Scurvigrass , Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrups of Borage , Mint , of each six drachms ; Tincture of Castor , Confection of Alkermes , of each two drachms ; Salt of Amber one drachm ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Laudanum opiat . Amber-greese , of each six grains ; mix it . The sick may take two or three spoonfulls of this Cordial in time of the fit , and likewise both before and after , which will much repair both the Vital and Animal strength , which is wont not a little to languish in these fits . None but they who have try'd , will be easily perswaded of the wonderfull efficacy of the aforesaid medicines ; not onely in preventing , but in diminishing and soon curing Swounings and the Syncope . When either of these fits urgeth , or is upon the party , you must use those outward things , which may stir up the external senses ; as frictions of the external parts , shoutings in the Ears ; also make a smoak with Amber , or Partridg Feathers at the nose , or hold the Spirit of Salt Armoniack , ( in a narrow mouth'd glass ) to the Nostrils . You may also wring the Fingers , and pull the Hair , &c. If you have not a Cordial ready , give Cinamon , or Treacle water , or the Apoplectick or Antepileptick waters , or for want of them , Brandy , Aqua vitae or strong Wine may serve . CHAP VI. Of Fevers in General . A Fever is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel a feritate morbi , that is from the fierceness of the disease . It is called febris in latin a fervore , quasi fervens , because it is a hot distemper . A Fever is a nonnatural heat , which may be so termed , because it is more than nature requires , for the continual management of her vital functions ; for when nature is grieved , or over-burthned by any distemper , there is a strugling endeavour of nature her self to remove it , which causeth this non-natural heat . It may be called the Prince of diseases , because it is the general door , through which most of humane mortals take their exit of this world . The cause of the preternatural frequency of the pulse , is either a permanent and over rarefaction of the bloud , or any sharp , sour , or salt vapour carried to the Heart , corroding the internal substance of it ; by which the Archaeus or vital Airy spirit of the Heart is provoked to allarm all the faculties , and powers both vital and natural , that it may the more couragiously resist its invading Enemy , so that the spirits are thereby much stirred up and inflamed ; from whence proceedeth a Conflagration , or vitious Effervescency of the Bloud and Humours throughout the whole Body . Fevers are either continual , or intermitting . A continual Fever is that which remains from the first moment of its invasion , to the last of its duration . When a continual Fever is very mild , and remains but one day ; it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dies , quod diem durans . It is called in Latin Diaria , & Ephemera febris . This Fever is often excited by sudden passions of the mind , as vehement anger , &c. and also by our abode too long in the Sun , or by vitiously using any other of the six nonnatural things so called ; for which there is no great need to prescribe Medicines for a Cure , it being not difficult , the very nature of such a Fever terminating it self , most commonly by a breathing sweat , especially if you substract the Patient from the inflammatory Cause . If the Fever continues longer , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , continuo . From whence it is called in Latin febris continua , quae nullas hujusmodi mutationes habet , quae accessiones videri possint , sed unicam modo accessionem a principio usque ad sinem nullis exacerbationibus distinctam . The continual Fever is also called Homotona , quae similem calorem ad finem usque servat . It is also called Acmastica , quae continuo crèscit & intenditur . A Synochus , or continual Fever , may be divided into two sorts , viz. that which is not putrid , called in Latin Synochus non putrida , and that which is putrid , called Synochus putrida . In a Synochus non putrida , the bloud , and other humours is a little sharper than is natural , and the heat somewhat great and vaporous , declining a little to the nature and manner of those called putrid . Continual Fevers are oft times mixt or compounded with those intermitting , having some fits , and again remissions , so that they are not intermitting , but still remain continual . These fits come sometimes every day , sometimes the third , and sometimes the fourth day ; whence it may deservedly be nam'd , either a Quotidian , Tertian , or Quartan continual Fever . These Fevers upon the account of their divers causes , may not unfitly be distinguish'd into Cholerick and Lymphatick Fevers . And because under the general name of Lympha , we do not onely comprehend , that Lympha which goes from the conglobated Glandules , and other parts to the Heart ; but also the Juice of the Pancreas , and Spittle it self , proceeding from the conglomerated Glandules , and also the Liquour that ariseth from the three-fold sway of the Guts , all mixt together with Lympha , and the bloud in circulating with it . Hence may Lymphatick fevers be subdivided into glandular , pancreatick and salivary Fevers . All these Fevers may differ something according to the divers Constitution of other humours together being in the Body . But I shall wave the nice descriptions and differences of Fevers , and let the dextrous , and judicious Physician put a difference between them , as their Symptoms shall direct and indicate , for though there are many sorts of continual Fevers not putrid , yet the Cure is almost the same in all ; I shall therefore ( in a few words ) mention some of their differences , taken from the more grievous Symptoms oft accompanying them ; after the example of famous Practioners , and chiefly great Platerus , and the most famous Helmont , and judicious Sylvius , &c. 1. First , let us take notice of the exceeding heat , and most urgent burning , which attend some Fevers . It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which doth signifie burning ; in which the sick is very dry and thirsty , which is hard to be quenched . This heat is not of the essense of the disease , but proceedeth from the inflamed spirits , as is before mention'd in page 98. Neither doth the great thirst in Fevers , proceed from heat and driness , as in a true and natural thirst , but from some excrementitious matter , which adhereth to the sensitive faculty of the internal membrane of the Stomach , which is common to the Throat , Mouth and Lips , as that famous Physician , and ingenious Anatomist Doctour Alexander Read , did well observe ; which is also the cause , that those parts are always afflicted in this dry and thirsty distemper . In this Symptome , Choler is peccant , not onely in a salt Acrimony , but also an inflamable oiliness ; hence the Pulse is very great , and over frequent , &c. 2. Raving may be oft observ'd in many Fevers , which is grievous to the sick for some time , chiefly when the Fever is malign , or epidemical . The cause of this is Choler peccant as aforesaid , which so diminisheth the viscousness of the Juice of the Pancreas , that it causeth a vitious Effervescency with it , and being made sharper , it produceth a humour not much unlike black Choler , which causeth the Head-ach , and Watchings , and hence Ravings , and at length sometimes Convulsions , and Death it self . There are many more Symptoms belonging to continual or synochal Fevers . 1. As first , a speedy wasting of several parts of the body , caused by Choler , the Cure whereof may be referred to the Cure of a Hectick Fever . 2. A malignity , which suddenly dejecteth the vital strength , without manifest cause ; which for the most part is Epidemical . But of this I intend to treat particularly in Chap. 8. of this Book . 3. The last Symptome which I shall here mention , is seldom observ'd ; in which ( all the time of the disease ) the external parts are cold , while the internal parts burn ; and therefore 't is called by the Latins Lipyria febris , and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quia destituitur ardore externo . Some think this distemper consists of a double Fever , Cholerick , and Pancreatical ; and not without reason , because such like vapours may be continually rais'd in the small guts , by the Juices of the Pancreas universally over-sour ; which may be confus'd onely with the Mass of Bloud , and breed a sense of cold in the habit of the Body , whilst a burning heat is stir'd up in the internal parts by a Fever , caused by Choler more oily than sharp . The cause of every continual Fever not putrid , is sometimes Choler vitiated , sometimes Lympha together with the Juice of the Pancreas and Spittle , and many times all these together are ill affected . These vitiated humours flowing always to the Heart , cause a continual Effervescency in the right Ventricle of it ; whence the Pulse is continually produc'd more frequent against nature . Fevers in Children are caused either by the Food abounding in quantity , or by some vitious quality of it , or from an ill disposition of the digestive ferment . Milk is the general Food of Children , and there is such a propensity in its own nature to curdle , that if it be not quickly digested , it obeyeth the acid Ferment of the Stomach , and is soon coagulated like new tough Cheese , and if it be not speedily vomited up , it begets a putrefactive Ferment , which produceth terrible Symptoms , as griping , scouring , vomiting , &c. I know a Woman , that had a young Child about a Month old , which was taken very ill with Convulsions , after which followed a thorough Thrush , with a Fever , accompanied with the aforesaid Symptoms , as griping , &c. which continu'd many days , till the whole body was so maciated , that it was in a total Atrophia ; and when there was no hopes of recovery , the Nurse gave the Child a little of the infusion of the Antimonial Cup , which caused it to vomit up a Curd , three or four inches long , very green , and as tough as new Cheese : After which the Child did wonderfully recover and grow fat . Continual acute Fevers are oft times accompanied with a secret malignity , and therefore dangerous ; parvae febres quandoque valde malignae . The Stomach ( in continual Fevers ) is most commonly primarily affected through undigestion , or else from Excrements , not being separated and orderly evacuated ; which causeth an irregular Ferment , or nonnatural heat in the Stomach ; which ( though begun else where ) is much aggravated by vitiating Juices , found in this first Elaboratory of decocting Nature . For as in humane frame , the first heat of Nature ( preparatory to all her depending motions ) is the digestive heat for Chylification in the Stomach ; so likewise the corrupting or exasperating of the same , either by the sour Ferments , or too much of the overflowing Gall , is the Cause of most Fevers . Therefore in the beginning of the Cure , evacuation by vomiting never ought to be neglected by the carefull Physician ( provided it be duely timed ) because then most commonly it removeth the sole cause of the feverish Intemperature , without the help of any other means . And here I commend Antimonials well prepared , before all others , seeing that Antimony as well rightly prepar'd , as administred , serves no less to purifie Man's body than Gold. But if the Patient's body be costive , and there be eminent signs of a Plethora , or great fulness of Bloud ; then let a carminative Clyster be first administred , and after its operation let a Vein be opened , and draw seven or eight ounces of bloud at a time , and if there be occasion let it be reiterated ; for I always prefer it s repeated less diminution , ( as need requires ) sometimes instituted in the same day , before great evacuations made suddenly , which hath brought many Evils to the sick . It matters little what vein be opened , unless in Women , because of the monthly Terms either at hand , or hindred . And seeing it is the duty of every honest Physician to be Natures helper , he ought to endeavour to remove all impediments , whereby the sick may be cured more quickly , safely and pleasantly , without demurs , to magnifie the Cure , and inflame the reckonings . Wherefore since the first curative intention of most Fevers , is the discharge of the first turgent Monitor from the Stomach , and adjacent parts by vomiting , as is before said . Let the Patient ( upon the discovery of the assaulting Enemy ) take an Antimonial Emetick , and if one doth not suffice , let it be reiterated ; by which the Morbifick matter will be evacuated , nature calmed , and the contemperating of the incited , or enraged nonnatural heat , will be the easier performed . But here the Sex is to be consider'd , the Female not so well enduring this evacuation ; because Emeticks cause great Commotions , and flatuous Vapours in them ; which may also prevent or corrupt natures own intentions in her great discharge of turgent humours . Wherefore administer no Emetick to them , except they vomit very easily ; but rather let the peccant humours be diminisht , or emptied out gradually by the following decoction to be taken twice a day to three or four ounces . Take the Roots of Parsly , Fennel , Plantain , Peony , Dandelion , Succory , of each two ounces ; the Leaves of Endive , House-leek , Fumitory , Damask-roses , of each one handfull . Let them be cleansed , bruised and infused ( for a Night ) in one quart of Fountain-water very hot , then boil it gently till a third part be consumed , strain it and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , the best Manna , of each two ounces ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , and Tartar vitriolated , of each two drachms ; Oil of Sulphur twenty drops ; mix it all together . This pleasant Medicine will conduce much to correct the salt sharpness of Choler , and will also amend its Oily inflameableness , and separate it from the Bloud , and mildly dispose it , and the rest of the abounding humours to be voided out by stool . After these Evacuations , give the sick the following Medicine twice a day in a little thin broth , or Water-gruel . Take Salt of Amber , volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Tartar vitriolated , of each six grains ; mix it . This excellent volatile Medicine is both abstersive , and Diuretick , and will cleanse the Stomach and Intestines of the remaining Sordes , and expell them by Urine . In the Declination of the Fever , if sleep be wanting ; this following Julep will much avail , both to cause rest , and refresh the spirits . Take the Waters of Carduus benedict . Fennel , of each two ounces ; Treacle-water , Syrup of red Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Salt of Wormwood half a drachm ; Spirit of Salt twenty drops ; mix it , and give the sick three or four spoonfulls every three hours . By the frequent use of this Cordial Julep , ( or one like it ) all pains will be eased , nature quieted and relieved , and the importunate thirst allayed . But if thirst still urgeth , give the dulcified Spirit of Salt , or of Niter , in Posset-drink , and all the Liquids they take , from six , to ten or twelve drops at a time . If you fear there be any Malignancy in the Fever ; give the sick eight or ten grains of Bezoardic . mineral . every fourth hour , in a spoonfull or two of the aforesaid Julep , or good sound Canary-wine , to keep the Patient in a breathing sweat . As for the Cure of Fevers attended with grievous and furious raging , and watchings , &c. I refer you to the Chapter of Phrensies , which is full to this purpose . I shall now give some directions to young Physicians and Nurses , and so conclude this Chapter of Fevers in general . 1. First , give no Opiats in the beginning of a Fever , because they tye up the Archaeus of the Stomach , and first passages , thereby hindring it from expelling , the occasional cause of the Disease . 2. Give the sick neither Mithridate , nor Diascordium ( as is the common custome ) nor apply it to the Wrists , nor Stomach , ( nor any thing else that is nauseous ) whilst Nature and the Disease are strugling ; but if the Patient tends to coldness , you may moisten a piece of Rose-cake , or a tost of stale Bread in Sylvius's Spirit , or for want thereof in Brandy dulcified , and apply it to the Stomach twice a day , which will revive nature , and fortifie it against the invading Enemy . 3. Give no meat whilst the disease is on them , for the Stomach is not fit to receive it , neither hath it strength to digest it ; and therefore it will become a recruit or supply to the Disease , except it be speedily vomited up again . 4. If it be a Child , give it not any Milk , and if it Suck , wean it ; for Milk is the first matter , and foundation of this disease in them ; neither give it Beer , nor water , nor any cooling things to correct the heat , because it will weaken nature , and strengthen the Disease . But hot Posset-drink turn'd with White-wine , or sound Beer with a little Vinegar , may be drank liberally , after the Cause is removed . 5. If the sick be Adult , you may give two parts of Water , and one of good Wine , either French Wine or Sherry ; but Malaga , or any other sweet Wine is not so good . 6. When the Patient begins to recover , the plainest broths , and gruels , are the best ; till then a little is too much ; and if you did use Salt and Vinegar , instead of Spice and Sugar , it would agree better with them . CHAP. VII . Of intermitting Fevers . AN intermitting Fever is that which returns after intervalls , sometimes longer , sometimes shorter in divers Fits ; whence according to the divers space of every access or fit ; the same gets also divers Names , for if a new Fit return daily , answering the precedent in proportion , it is called a Quotidian . If it comes every other day , it is called a Tertian . If the fit return after two days intermission , it is called a Quartan , and so forward , although Quintans , Sextans , &c. are seldom observ'd . And here you may note , that intermitting Fevers do but seldom return in the exact intervall of natural days of twenty four hours ; but return quicker or slower , for the most part ; wherefore then they are said to anticipate the expected time for some hours , which is disliked , or to come later , which is commended by some . Although it matters not , whether the fits anticipate , or come later ; if so be that their continuance , and the grievousness of Symptoms ( daily accompanying ) be diminish'd . There is great diversity among Authours concerning the Causes of intermitting Fevers , which I shall not insist on ; but in a few words will set down the true Causes of them . The causes then , are either external , or internal . The external Cause of Agues is a stop of the usual necessary discharge of fermenting humours ; the porous skin ( being shut by external sudden cold ) denies passage to the constant discharge of the sweatty humours , which happens most commonly about Autumn ; and likewise when any comes suddenly out of a hot Climate , into a cold Region ; for the sweatty Vapours being detain'd by the Constipation of the skin , or shutting of the Pores , the same condense , and thence become sour , which chills the external parts , and causeth the shaking , or shivering cold fit , at the first invasion of this disturbing Foreigner ; after which the inflaming Ferment of Choler ( being exasperated ) doth act its part , and ( having gain'd Dominion ) it doth rarefie the Bloud by degrees ; whence the Pulse becomes greater and stronger ) which is increas'd by an irritation of the Acrimony of Choler , and the rarefaction of the Bloud at the Heart ; for the heat and burning in the Heart , and thence in the whole Body , is increas'd by Choler successively over-ruling . The internal Cause of Agues or intermitting Fevers , is an obstruction of one or more of the lateral ducts or branches of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread , by reason of viscous Phlegm ; which being separated from the Bloud by the Glandules of the Pancreas , is there collected by degrees ; whence it is sent ( in too large a quantity ) to the main duct or pipe thereof , which detaineth the Juice of the Pancreas contrary to nature , which ought continually to flow into the small Gut called Duodenum . The Juice of the Pancreas , which is naturally sourish , being compelled to stand still in its passage , quickly grows more acrimonious , or acid ; because the Volatile Spirit ( which is naturally conjoin'd to it , to temper it ) doth gradually fly away ; by which this Juice ( becoming more sharp and acid ) acquires a putrefactive Ferment ; whence at length it makes way through the obstructing Phlegm , and is effused into the Duodenum , where meeting with Choler , it stirs up a vitious effervescency , or preternatural Ferment , from whence comes the Ague fit , with all its Symptoms ; as in the beginning Horrour , Chilness , Cold , Shaking , &c. then presently follows Reachings , Yawning , and Vomiting , &c. At length acrimonious and flatulent Vapours ( raised by the aforesaid vitious Effervescency ) are carried through the Lacteal veins , and Thoracick passage , and so through the Vena cava ascendens , ( in what form soever ) to the right Ventricle of the Heart ; and by its Acrimony , alters and troubles the vital Effervescency , and by over stirring the Heart , causeth a more frequent Pulse ; and many times produceth grievous Symptoms , as great Heat and Thirst , difficulty of breathing , Heart-ach , Raving , Swouning , and all other Symptoms , that happen in all intermitting Fevers . The nature of viscous Phlegm is such , that though it be pierced through by the Juice of the Pancreas too acid and acrimonious , yet it doth presently run together and unite again , and so repairs and renues the obstruction that was in part opened ; and the Juice of the Pancreas being stopped as before , grows sour by standing still as aforesaid , so that it forceth through the Phlegm that stopped its natural passage , and so produceth , a new fit ; sooner or later , as the Phlegm ( obstructing the lateral passage of the Pancreas ) is pierced through by the foremention'd Juice . For if the obstructing Phlegm be not very glutinous , and the Juice of the Pancreas be plentifull and acid , a new fit of an intermitting Fever will return in the space of twenty four hours , and therefore 't is called a Quotidian But if the Phlegm be very viscous and plentifull , and the Juice of the Pancreas be little in quantity , and also tart and obtuse ; so much the slower will the new fit of the intermitting Fever be produced ; so that it is sometimes three , sometimes four days , before the returning of the fit ; from whence it is called a Quartan , or Quintan , &c. So likewise as oft as the obstructing Phlegm , and the Juice of the Pancreas are in a medium , viz. The Phlegm more glutinous and plentifull , than in the Quotidian , but not so much as the Quartan ; as likewise the Juice of the Pancreas is more in quantity , and more acid than in the Quartan , but not so plentifull and acid , as in a Quotidian ) so oft new fits of intermitting Fevers will return almost every other day , from whence they may be called Tertians , which much differ in their Symptoms beyond what other intermitting Fevers do , although none of them return in the exact intervall of the Days or Hours before mention'd , but return quicker or slower for the most part . The Cure of all intermitting Fevers will be perform'd , 1. First , if the glutinous coagulated Phlegm , ( which is the cause of the obstruction ) be cut and dissolv'd , and wholly carried out of the Body . 2. If the increas'd Acidity , and Acrimony of the Juice of the Pancreas , be temper'd and corrected . 3. If its vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. In the small Gut , be hindred and amended . Phlegm obstructing will be cut most commodiously with Aromaticks , and any Volatile Salt. This Volatile Aromatick Julep may serve for Example ▪ Take the Waters of Carduus , Parsley , Fennel , Fumitery , Succory , Treacle , Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Carduus , the five opening Roots , of each an ounce and half ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Tartar vitriolated , of each one drachm ; Salt of Amber , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops ; mix it . Take a spoonfull of this Volatile Medicine , often in a day throughout the whole Cure , using some exercise , that thereby the whole Body may grow warm , and the force of the medicine being disperst over all the Body , may come at last to the lateral passages of the Pancreas , and dissolve the obstruction . Three or four hours before the coming of the fit , you may give three or four spoonfulls of the aforesaid Cordial , which will not onely cause a breathing sweat , but will temper and correct the increas'd Acidity and Acrimony of the Juice of the Pancreas , and hinder , and amend its vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. in the small gut , which will conduce much to a Cure. Three hours before the return of the next fit , administer an antimonial Emetick , which is in this case proper before all others ; for by the help thereof , not onely Choler abounding , but also phlegm obstructing , will be expell'd to the small gut , and thence to the Stomach , and at length by the mouth ; and the straining to vomit doth many times procure a stool or two , which is very beneficial . But if the sick be a Female , or vomiting be prejudicial , or not approv'd of ; then such things as cut and purge phlegm downwards , may be administred , for example . Take of pil . faetidae one drachm ▪ Mercur. dulcis , Powders of Troches Alhandal , Scammony prepar'd , Tartar vitriolated , of each half a Scruple , Salts of Amber and Wormwood , of each one Scruple ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oil of Amber , of each ten drops , with Syrup of Buckthorn ; make it into a Mass for Pills . Take four or five of these Pills , four hours before the coming of the fit ; which will both cut , and purge the viscous Phlegm out of the Body , and also educe other peccant humours . After purging or vomiting , let the sick often take the following Powder in a glass of generous Wine , or in two or three spoonfulls of the Cordial Diaphoretick before mention'd , to provoke sweat as is there directed . Take Volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salts of Amber , Worm-wood and Carduus , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Sugar of Pearls the weight of them all , mix them for two doses . You may take a dose of it two or three hours before the access of the fit ; which will wonderfully conduce to dissolve the obstruction , and cause a breathing sweat . Let these evacuations be as often reiterated as occasion requires . If the intermitting Fever hath continu'd long , or the sick hath a Plethorick body , let a vein be opened . By these few forms the young Practitioner may easily invent other effectual Medicines , in some things to be varied as the distemper requires . CHAP. VIII . Of Malignant Fevers . IN the Chapter of Fevers in general I told you , that Synochal , or continual Fevers , were without any fit , to their last and complete ceasing ; and likewise I did distinguish them into putrid , and not putrid . Those that are not putrid , have little or no malignity in them , but the putrid are always accompanied with malignity . A malignant Fever differs from others in this , that it draws its putrefaction immediately from its own matter , putrefaction being joined with it ; from whence the vital strength is suddenly , and unexpectedly dejected ; or far more grievous Symptoms occur , than are wont to be observ'd in such a like disease . Malign Fevers are either more acute , ending in few days ; or longer , continuing more days . And they are either contagious , and epidemical raging among many in the same time , having a common cause , as the Air or Food vitiated , &c. Infecting others , or else they are not contagious . Among contagious Fevers , we may not neglect to speak something of a Calenture , because it is a contagious distemper , assaulting not onely those which use the Sea ; but also many that live near the Sea-shore , in Sea-port Towns , &c. are subject to it . The signs of this disease are a great pain of the Head , sometimes with violent raging fits , and delirium , the rest of the Body being in good temper ; the sick do fancy the Water to be a green Meadow , and will indeavour to get into it . The cause of a Calenture is the intemperature of the Climate , together with ill diet , causing strong obstructions , and an ill habit of body , by which flatuous vapours are encreas'd in the body , and in time ascend to the Head. The cause of the malignity ( in this , and all other putrid fevers ) is a sharp volatile salt in the Air , which is drawn into the Lungs by degrees , and weakens the liquor of the glandules ( which is naturally sourish ) and makes it sluggish , and of little force , whence the natural consistency of the bloud is diminish'd , and the separation of the Animal spirits often hindred . The sharp volatile salt aforesaid , may be also swallowed down with food or spittle into the Stomach , or it may enter the pores of the body ; by which not onely the liquor of the glandules , but the bloud also may be infected ; hence depends the variety of symptoms which may be observ'd in these Diseases . In Malign fevers , there oft precedes a light shivering , after which a gentle heat soon follows ; the pulse is frequent and unequal , though little and weak , and sometimes deficient , the sick is often drowsie , and possest with a kind of Lethargy ; and when they sleep , they are often vex'd with turbulent dreams ; they are often grip'd in the Stomach , and troubled with loathing and vomiting , accompanied with the Head-each , raving , giddiness , &c. also there is great thirst , weariness , and unquietness of the whole body ; sometimes there happens cholerick and setid loosnesses ; and also a haemorrhage at the nose or womb doth often concur . 1. If tumors in the glandules , and spots and little pimples , divers both in colour and greatness , do break forth in many parts of the body , they are signs of great malignity . 2. If the sick get no ease after sweating promoted by Art , there is little hopes of recovery ; also if the extreme parts soon wax hot , and again are presently cold , 't is an ill sign . First to preserve and defend the body from all malignity , and infection in time of contagion . I commend the frequent , and moderate use of sour and tart things mixt with all things potable , for the Patient's drink , or food ; as Barberries , Quinces , Oranges , Pomgranates , Limmons , Wood-sorrel , Verjuice , Vinegar , &c. In the beginning of malign Fevers , and also the Calenture , if a loathing urgeth , part of the acrimonious volatile salt adheres to the tunicles of the Stomach ; wherefore in this Case , first administer an Antimonial Emetick , which is well prepared , mild and fixt , because it hath an admirable sulphur in it , whereby any sharpness is wonderfully temper'd , and the Malign Poison is thereby in part sent out by Vomit and Stool . After the Operation of the Emetick , let a Cordial Sudorifick be presently administred , that the remaining part of the Malign Poison may be driven forward , and expelled most safely , and commodiously out of the Body . The following Cordial may serve for example . Take of Epidemical water , Spirit of Vinegar , of each one ounce ; The Waters of Treacle , and Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; the Waters of Carduus , Scabious , of each two ounces ; Syrups of the Juice of Carduus , Clove-gilliflowers , of each one ounce and half ; Antimonie Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , of each one drachm ; Venice-treacle , two drachms ; mix it . Let the sick take a quarter of this Diaphoretick Julep , and dispose the Body to sweat , and after half an hour , take one or two spoonfulls more , and so go on , till a profitable Sweat follow . In the interim if the sick be thirsty , let them drink a little warm Broth temper'd to a gratefulness , with juice of Oranges , Citrons , or Verjuice , &c. whereby the breaking forth of the sweat will not onely be promoted , but also the hurtfull Acrimony of the peccant Salt will be corrected , and asswaged . After this excellent medicine hath been sufficiently and rightly us'd , so that you perceive the Malign Poison to be carried out of the Body ; yet you must persist in the moderate use of it , as likewise in the use of sour things , a little Harsh , mixt with drink , or Broth as beforesaid ; because they much conduce to restore ( by degrees ) the former consistency to the Bloud . In Calentures , Phlebotomy may be safely used . CHAP. IX . Of the Plague or Pestilence . THE Plague or Pestilence is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , solvo , quod vitam solvat . It is called in Latin Pestilentia , & Pestis , ex depascendo , quod veluti incendium depascat . It is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , percutio hinc Angl. the Plague . Pestis significat omne malum ; quod tam inanimis quam animatis mortem & exitium repentino adfert . The Plague is a contagious disease , suddenly afflicting the Heart , and all the vital , animal and natural faculties with many grievous Symptoms . The Cause is chiefly the sins of Mankind , provoking the great God to send this Pestiferous distemper as a judgment on them for their Impiety . The Cause ( next to God's judgment ) is a sharp venemous and contagious volatile Salt in the Air , very much heightned ( inspired with the Air into the Lungs , or is swallowed down with the food or spittle into the Stomach ; it may also get in through the pores into the Body ) by which the acid liquor in all the conglobated glandules is weakned and made sluggish , that it doth not circulate with its wonted force : whence the natural consistency and rarefaction of the Bloud is diminsht , and the separation of the Animal Spirits hindred ; and the vital strength is much opprest , by which the Pulse becomes not onely little , but also languishing ; till at length the Spirits are extinguisht , and Death ( unexpected to many ) carries them speedily ( torrenti similis ) in fiery Chariots , God knows where . All the signs in Malign Fevers are common ( and much heightned ) in the Pest ; besides many other grievous symptoms , as Diarrhaea , Hemorrhage at the Nose , Ears , Eyes , Mouth and Secrets ; sometimes yellowness of the Eyes , Buboes in the Groins , Armpits , and behind the Ears , and in some white Bladders , and Carbuncles , also spots called the Tokens , with raving , &c. 1. The Pest is deceitfull above all other diseases , therefore no certain prognostick can be drawn of it ; for many have died when there hath been great hopes of recovery , and on the contrary , many have escaped with mortal signs . 2. A Bubo is less dangerous than a Carbuncle , and it than the spots , ( vulgarly the Tokens ) which most commonly portend Death wheresoever they are . 3. Buboes incompassed with a blue or livid circle , are most commonly a mortal sign , especially if they suddenly disappear , unless the Malign humour be sent to some other part ; and if with a Bubo behind the Ears , there be pain of the Throat without inflammation 't is mortal . 4. If a Carbuncle rise after a Bubo , and look white , with a litle push or tail at the end of it , 't is dangerous , except the Fever do very much abate ; and if after cauterizing , or cupping , the Carbuncle abate not in twenty four hours , 't is a sign of Death approaching , except matter appear ; and if Carbuncles seize the Stomach , Guts , Bladder , or other Intrails , it portends Death . 5. Deliriums , Drowsiness , Heart-ach , Trembling , Convulsions , great driness of Tongue , are all bad signs ; also a Dysentery is most commonly mortal ; but a Hemorrhage at the Nose , or Menses are not so dangerous . To preserve from this Pestiferous distemper , although transmigration in the fear of God may be lawfull , yet let none think to escape by flying , and so neglect their duties to God , for 't is impossible to run out of his reach , for he filleth Heaven and Earth with his presence ; wherefore let servent prayers be put up to God , whose compassions fail not ; and then make use of an honest Physician . 1. You must endeavour to purifie the infected Air , with great fires , wash the house daily , and after sprinkle it with Vinegar ; and Fume either with Pitch , Frankincense , Mirrh , Amber , Benjamin , Wood , and Berries of Juniper , &c. 2. Avoid all passions , watchings , and immoderate exercise and venery . 3. Eat nothing that is hard of concoction , and use a moderate diet though easie of digestion , and drink good sound Wine , &c. 4. Go not forth with an empty Stomach , but always take some preservative against infection . For example , Take Spirit of Vinegar , Julep of Roses , of each one ounce ; mix it . Vinegar , Verjuice , Oranges , Limmons , Citrons , Pomgranats , Barberries , Quinces , Wood-sorrel , &c. are all very good , used as before directed in Malign Fevers . This Poison must not be sent out by vomiting or purging ; neither is phlebotomy allowed . For it is known by manifold experience , that the cure of the Pest is most happily instituted by Cordial Sudorificks , rightly prepar'd of Antimony , because it hath an admirable Sulphur in it , whereby not onely sharpness is wonderfully temper'd , but the Malign poisonous volatile Salt is thereby most safely driven forward , and expelled by sweating out of the Body ; to which may be added other Cordials , as followeth . Take the Powders of Crabs-eyes , Tartar vitriolated , Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , of each one scruple ; Bezoar-stone of the East , red Coral prepar'd , Salts of Rhue , Scordium , of each half a scruple ; Venice-treacle , two drachms ; Spirit of Salt ten drops ; mix it into an Electuary with confectio de Hyacintho . Let the sick take half a drachm of this Cordial Electuary every three hours , and drink three or four spoonfulls of this Cordial Julep after it . Take of Epidemical-water , the Waters of Carduus , Borage , Scordium compound , of each three ounces ; the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , Syrups of the juice of Carduus , and Limmons , Syrup of Saffron , of each one ounce ; Salt Prunella , and Salt of Wormwood , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; mix it for a Cordial . Let the sick person take the aforesaid medicines , till sweat is plentifully provoked ; then let the sweat be gently wiped off with warm linen cloaths . In the mean while give the sick a little hot Chicken-broth , or other Broth of fresh Meat , temper'd to a gratefulness with some sour thing , as was directed in Malign Fevers , as Barberries , Wood-sorrel , Limmons , &c. You must persist in this course till the danger be over , and some time after , ( though the sick think themselves well ) lest the disease deceive you by a sudden surprize again . There are many Cordial Confections always to be had ready at Apothecaries Shops , as Mithridate , Diascordium , Venice-treacle , London-treacle , Treacle-water , &c. any of which may be used by the Rich or Poor , for they will not onely cause sweating , but also will temper and moderate the hurtfull acrimony of the volatile Salt before mentioned . You may dip a hot Toast in aq . prophylactica , and apply it to the region of the Stomach , and also tye some of it in a rag , and smell to it . If there be great drowsiness , avoid Opiates , and take the Cordial Julep without the Laudanum ; but if there be great Watching , Vomiting , Flux of the Belly , or Hicket , you may give it with the Laudanum prescrib'd , for it will much conduce to ease the sick of all these symptoms . If there be a Bubo , apply a strong Vesi●catory , and when the Blister is well raised , open it , and dress it with Mustard , and Basilicon , of each equal parts ; after cure it according to Art. If there be a Carbuncle , apply Leeches , or Ventoses , with scarification , or the Actual or Potential Cautery , after which often apply Mithridate , 'till the Eschar be separated ; then dress it with Vnguent . Basilicon , and Aegyptiacum , or else you may use Butter of Antimony 'till the Ulcer be well cleansed and fitted for the last consolidation which may be performed by any desiccative Medicine . CHAP. X. Of the Small-pox , and Measles . THE Small-pox , and Measles are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Morbilli , quasi parvi morbi , vel parvorum morbi . They are also called Variolae , & Pustulae , ex vario , vel varium facio , quod cutis fit varia . Because the skin is of various forms . These distempers are most commonly attended with a Malign Fever , which oft proves Epidemical , Contagious and Mortal , and therefore may justly be termed Pestilential . The Small-pox is a cutaneous Eruption , or large Pustules , something like to Warts on the Skin , with Inflammation , which in few days comes to suppuration , if the sick recover . The Measles are little Pustules in the Skin , with a deep redness , and may be best perceived by feeling ; they are usually discussed in five or six days without suppuration . There is an other sort of Pustules , or Tubercles , like little Bladders , incident to Men , Women and Children ; which are without Inflammation or redness ; and also without a Fever . Some call them Cristals , others Blisters , but Country people call them Swine-pox , Hen or Chicken-pox , &c. To these also may be referred , those red fiery spots which break out about the fourth or fifth day ( in Malign Fevers ) all over the Body ; and if the sick recover , they vanish about the eighth day , after which the Cuticula cometh away in flakes ; this is commonly called the Scarlet Fever . The signs of the Small-pox approaching , are pains of the Head , shining before the Eyes , with redness and swelling of the Face , and sometimes bleeding at the Nose ; also a grievous pain of the Back , which reacheth to the Neck , with great heat and pricking all over the Body ; there is often loathing of the Stomach , and vomiting , with trembling of the Heart , great terrour in sleep , difficulty of breathing , and sometimes raving and convulsion . The cause of the Small-pox and Measles , is an ill quality or impurity of the Mothers bloud , with which the Child was nourish'd in the Womb , which doth communicate pollution , and defile the mass of Bloud ; and after the Child is born , when there is an ill disposition of the Air proportionable to the disease , there followeth a peculiar effervescency or ebullition of the Bloud and other humours , by which nature is inraged and provoked to cast forth the impurity . The excrementitious matter is either thin or thick ; if it be thin , the Measles follow , if thick , the Small-pox are produced . And if there be a Malignant constitution of the Air , it causeth not onely a purging forth of the corrupt matter of the Bloud , &c. but corrupteth the whole mass of Bloud , and so produceth a dangerous and Epidemical Small-pox . If they come out red , and soon ripen or turn white , being round pointed , and outward in the skin ; if the voice and breathing be free , without any grievous symptoms , there is no danger , but if there be a great Fever ( which is not abated after their eruption ) with great thirst , and difficulty of breathing , also black or bloudy Urine , or Stool , Hemorrhage at the Nose , Mouth , &c. doth signifie a great acrimony , and malignancy of the bloud , that nature is compelled to evacuate it by such preposterous ways ; and are most commonly mortal signs . So likewise if it be long e'er they come out , and they be green , blewish , or black , and sink in again , the sick is in great danger of Death . As for the Cure of these distempers , if they be Malignant , or Epidemical , let the same means be used as is prescrib'd in Malignant Fevers , but if there be little or no sign of Malignancy , you may first administer an Antimonial Emetick , and after its operation , give this or the like Cordial . Take the Waters of Carduus , Dragons , Treacle , Scordium compound , of each two ounces ; Venice-treacle two drachms ; Syrups of the Juice of Limmons , Carduus , Saffron , of each one ounce ; Confection of Hyacinth one drachm ; mix it for a Cordial . Let the sick take two or three spoonfulls of this every half hour till a sweat be promoted ; after sweating , keep the Patient in a warm Room , till the danger be over . Before the Eruption , ( if there be eminent signs of a Plethora , and the sick be adult ) Phlebotomy may be used with good success . Bezoar and Gascoign's Powder , and Diascordium are commonly used in these Diseases . You must endeavour to defend the inward parts with the pectoral decoction , to which you may add a little Saffron . Also a Saffron Stay , in which is put a few Sows ( called Millepedes ) bruised , is excellent to defend the Throat . For the Eyes , this water is good . Take the Waters of Plantain , white Roses , of each three ounces ; of Camphire , Saffron , of each ten grains ; mix it . Or you may use Womens milk , and Saffron . If the Throat and Mouth are inflamed , make a Gargarism with Plantain-water and Syrup of Mulberries . To defend the Nose , put up this with a rag or feather . Take of red Rose-water , Vinegar of red Roses , of each one ounce ; Powder of red Saunders , Camphire , of each one drachm ; mix it . When the Small-pox begins to dry , anoint them often with Oil of sweet Almonds , and Oil of the Yelks of Eggs , which will prevent their pitting . OF DISEASES OF THE BELLY . BOOK III. CHAP. I. Of the Thirsty disease . THIS is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sitio , to be thirsty . In Latin 't is called sitis morbosa . Thirst is the first natural Passion of Mankind , and also of Beasts ; as is manifest by their first sucking milk out of the Breast to asswage it . The causes of thirst augmented , are either external or internal . The external are the Air over heated by the Sun , over salt Food , too much exercise of body , vehement passions of the mind , as much anger , &c. prolong'd watches , the Body either too costive , or too loose , much sweating , Urine voided too plentifully , any notable Evacuation of Bloud , Milk or Seed , &c. The internal Cause is deduced ( for the most part ) from too sharp Choler , carried down into the small Gut ; where it raiseth such an Effervescency with the Juice of the Pancreas flowing thither , that thence are elevated salt Vapours to the Stomach and Gullet , and there produceth a sense of drought . It may also pierce through the lacteal Vessels , and so to the Heart , and infect the Bloud too much with its Saltness , whence the Spittle , and the other Humours also become too salt , by which a great Thirst is stirred up and augmented . The signs are manifest , for the Patient's complaint for want of drink , will inform you . This distemper may be cured by such acid Liquours , and oily Emulsions , which will dilute the Lixivial Salt of Choler , and potently change its Acrimony , and asswage its sharpness , and deduce it to the Bladder . The following Julep may serve for Example . Take Tincture of Red-roses , Barley-water , of each twelve ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces , Syrup of Violets three ounces , Salt Prunella two drachms ; mix it , and give the sick three spoonfulls every two hours . This Emulsion is also of great Virtue , not onely to restrain Thirst , but mildly to procure rest also . Take of French-barly boiled four ounces ; sweet Almonds blanched ; white Poppy-seeds , of each two ounces ; let them be well beaten in a stone Mortar ; then with two Quarts of Barley-water , the Waters of Cinamon and Fennel , of each two ounces ; mak● an Emulsion ; to which add Julep of Roses four ounces , Syrups of Violets , and the Juice of Limmons , of each two ounces ; mix it . Let the party thirsting , drink a moderate draught of this Emulsion , often in a day , which will be very acceptable . You may also make gratefull Troches , or Pellets of Sugar , and Salt Prunella , to be kept in the Mouth , to deceive the Thirst. If salt serous matter abound in the Body , purge it by Stool or Urine . This gratefull Medicine may serve for both intentions . Take the Roots of Flower-de-luce , Parsley , China , of each two ounces ; Dandelion , Agrimony , of each one handfull ; Senna one ounce ; Rhubarb half an ounce ; Agarick , Turky , Turbith , Jallap , of each three drachms ; Cinamon , Cloves , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine , for the space of twenty four hours , then strain it , and add Syrup of the five opening Roots four ounces ; of which you may give the sick four ounces every third day in the morning fasting . If there be a salt Catarrh , it may be temper'd with Pills of Styrax , you may administer a Pill every Night going to bed . Let the Patient's diet be Mutton or Veal-broth , without Salt. CHAP. II. Of Hunger vitiated . HUnger may be called the Appetite of Meats , as Thirst is of Drinks . It may be many ways deprav'd , viz. when it is augmented , diminish'd , or abolish'd . Hunger augmented may be deprav'd two ways , either in quantity or quality ; if it be in quantity , there is more Nourishment desired than the Stomach can digest . This distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fames ; quod affatim edatur . It is called by the Latines fames canina , and in English Dog's appetite ; because in this distemper the sick do feed insatiably ; after which some do purge and vomit like Dogs ; and are presently hungry again , and sick if they do not eat . If hunger be deprav'd in quality , then vitious things , which are not Food , ( as Coals , Ashes , Clay , Turfs , Leather , and I know not what ) are desired . This is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and Pica also in Latin ; ab ave Pica , vel quod varia appetant , ut Pica varii est Coloris , vel ex eo quod & Pica terram mandet . If this distemper be in Women with Child , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin also Gravidarum malacia , which is an inordinate longing in them , of which I shall treat more at large in the Chapter of the Hypochondriack suffocation . Hunger diminish'd is caused of too fat and viscous Spittle , swallowed down ( by little and little ) into the Stomach ; and being unfit to promote the fermentation of Food , it passeth into the small guts , and there generates viscous Phlegm like to it self , which doth not onely dull the moderate acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas , but thereby at length all the acidity in the Body becomes less sharp and dull . Choler also being too fat , arising from the small Gut , to the Stomach , doth there corrupt both the remainders of Food and Spittle , and prostrates their gratefull acidity by which means the Appetite becomes dull . These causes being complicated , if they be most grievous ; will at length quite take away and abolish Hunger . The cause of Hunger augmented is sometimes worms in the Stomach , which devour the Chylus ; but most commonly it is caused by the over-sourness of the Juice of the Pancreas abounding in the Body , and chiefly in the small Gut ; whence it sendeth sour Vapours to the Stomach , which do potently urge and increase the sense of hunger . The cause of hunger deprav'd in quality , ( as Pica , &c. in Women ) is the suppression of their monthly Courses , which is more or less corrupted about the Womb , and having not its natural Evacuation , it returneth , and ( in circulation ) is mixed with the whole Mass of Bloud , by which it is all vitiated , and deprav'd ; and so produceth a Cachexy , or ill habit of Body , which in time corrupteth all the other humours ; from whence not onely hunger , but all the functions are deprav'd . Hunger augmented needs no other sign , than the devouring of Food . The signs of Hunger deprav'd in quality are also manifest , as the longing desire for those things which are not food , as Coals , &c. before mention'd . If these distempers continue long , they are difficult of Curation , because the sick will easily fall into a Cachexy , Dropsie , Consumption , Vomiting , Fluxes , &c. Hunger increas'd , may be cur'd by giving those things which destroy , and do temperate and amend the over acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas , and do prevent its increase . There are variety of Medicines ( proper for these intentions ) prescrib'd in the 6 th . and 7 th . pages of the first Book . If hunger be diminish'd , or abolish'd , it may be cur'd by Medicines that correct and educe the viscous Phlegmatick humours , of which you may be throughly furnish'd in the 3 d. and 4 th . pages . If hunger be suddenly diminish'd by Choler , either over fat , or abounding in plenty ; it may commodiously be evacuated by an Antimonial Emetick . Many other proper Medicines are set down in the 8 th . and 9 th . pages . CHAP. III. Of want of Appetite , or loathing of Victuals . WAnt of Appetite is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sine , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appetitus . In Latin 't is called inappetentia , because in this distemper the sick hath no desire after food , but their minds are averse to , yea they loath most kind of meat and drink , which sometimes riseth to that height , that it takes away their strength . This differs from vomiting onely in degrees , it being a desire to vomit up whatsoever troubles the Stomach , but cannot , either by reason of weakness , or toughness of the matter . Loathing is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Navis , quod navigantibus praecipue contingit . All loathing is either natural , or adventitious . The natural ( for the most part ) is common to Women with Child ; wherein 't is thought by some , that the mind of the Child in the Womb is affected , as well in this distemper , as in the disease called Malacia , or longing ; wherein if the Woman have not presently what she longs for , wheresoever she first puts her hand on any part of her body , in that part the Child is mark'd , as we may see often by experience . The adventitious loathing , or that which cometh by accident , is stir'd up in healthy People by prejudice , they esteeming some sorts of food ungratefull , or prejudicial to their Health , and therefore their Stomachs loath them . Sometimes nauseousness , and loathing even to vomiting , immediately follows Intemperance in eating and drinking , which is dangerous . That we may the better judge of the causes of this distemper , let us first consider what is the natural Cause of Hunger , by which we may the easier discover it . I judge the chief Cause of natural hunger to be the remainders of food fermented in the Stomach , and the longer it stays there , it is still more and more fermented by the Spittle ; which is continually swallowed down , and intermix'd with it ; and at length it raiseth a somewhat sour and gratefull Vapour , which pleasingly affects the upper Orifice of the Stomach , and so natural hunger seems to be produc'd . And if food be with-held somewhat longer than ordinary , then this hunger is increas'd even in healthy People ; which I think is promoted and augmented by the Juice of the Pancreas , having a friendly Effervescency with Choler and Phlegm in the small Guts , from whence sour and gratefull Vapours are sent to the Stomach , which increaseth hunger ; and if food be seldom taken , it may proceed to fainting fits . Hence we may gather , that if there be a vitious Effervescency of the aforesaid humours in the small Guts , then vitious Vapours are thence produc'd , which rising up to the Stomach , and other parts adjacent , not onely diminish hunger , but more or less deprave Thirst , as also the senses of tasting and smelling ; hence it is that the sick do loath all sorts of food , as soon as they smell , taste or see it . 1. Want of Appetite or Loathing is a digression from the natural State , and is therefore dangerous ; and is worse in Children than Adults , because they require more Nourishment . 2. In all diseases this is an evil Symptome , and if the sick recover and want Appetite , or loath their Food , there is danger of a relapse . This distemper ( either in healthy People , or those that are sick ) may be cur'd , 1. First by freeing the mind from every prejudice . 2. By correcting or purging out the vitious and peccant humours . If the Humours incline upward , they may be safely carried out by an Antimonial vomit ; and after the operation , at night going to bed , let the sick take this Cordial Opiate . Take the Waters of Damask-roses , Baum and Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers , red Poppies , of each half an ounce ; Confectio Alkermes half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Oil of Vitriol six drops ; mix it . But if the humours be very viscous , ( and the Stomach be not nauseous ) let them be purged out by stool , with such Medicines as have power to alter , amend and evacuate the vitious humours . For example . Take of the Decoction of Senna Gereonis four ounces ; the best Manna , Syrups of Epithymum , Roses Solutive with Senna , of each half an ounce ; mix it for two Doses , to be taken in the Morning fasting . After purging , the Stomach must be strengthned ; which may be done by this excellent Diet-drink . Take the Roots of China , Sarzeparilla , of each eight ounces ; Guiacum two pound ; Cinamon , Mace , Nutmegs , of each one ounce ; Raisins of the Sun stoned one pound ; Anise-seed , Liquorish , of each one ounce and half ; let them be bruised and infused in two Gallons of Fountain-water very hot , for the space of twenty four hours , then boil it to the consumption of the third part ; strain it , and add Syrups of Cinamon , and of the Juice of Rasberries , of each four ounces ; mix it , and let it be put into Bottles . The sick may drink four ounces of it three times in a day . Also candied Ginger , and Nutmegs preserv'd are good to corroborate the Stomach ; a little of either of them may be eaten before the taking of the Diet-drink . You may anoint the Stomach with Oil of Mace by expression ; after which apply a Plaster Stomachicum magistr . to the Region of the Stomach . CHAP. IV. Of the Hicket , or Hiccough . THE Hicket is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin singultus , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cum , & gula , quod fere gula fiat ; vel a sono gulae . It is called in English a Sobbing or Yexing , being something like the Clocking of Hens with Chickens . This disease was thought by the Ancients to be a deprav'd motion of the Stomach onely , by which it striveth to expell something which is hurtfull ; but experience doth manifest , that it is a convulsive Motion of the Midriff , and not of the Stomach , because in this distemper , expiration is deprav'd ; and this is chiefly perfected by the Muscles of the Belly , both by drawing down the Breast , and compressing all that is contain'd in the Belly , and driving them forward towards the Midriff , and so compelling it upward ( its proper motion together concurring ) by which a greater straitness is made in the Breast , which causeth the Lungs also to be straitned , and consequently the Air contain'd in them to be suddenly expir'd . 'T is true , in this distemper , the Stomach is primarily affected by sharp Vapours , Wind , or humours whencesoever proceeding , which piercing to the membranous Centre of the Midriff , provoke it by pricking , or corroding , to perform that convulsive motion ; in which the Diaphragma is contracted with a great force towards the Region of the Stomach , which suddenly and violently driveth it forward and outward , the convulsive Motion soon ceasing , and again often repeating . The causes of the Hicket are either external , or internal . The external are hurtfull , sharp and poisonous food , or medicines , taken into the Stomach , by which the Midriff is soon affected , and compelled to this violent , and presently interrupted convulsive Motion . The internal cause riseth up out of the small Gut , by the vitious Effervescency of the humours there meeting ; from whence sharp , halituous or windy Vapours are rais'd to the upper Orifice of the Stomach , by which it is soon corroded ; and thence the sharp flatuous Humours , or Vapours , are presently carried through the Vessels of the Diaphragma , and sticking in its substance , do corrode its sensible parts , and compell it to that Convulsive repeating contraction of it self . When the Hicket is the Symptome of any other grievous disease , as an acute Fever , Inflammation , &c. it is dangerous , and sometimes mortal . In most ordinary Hickets , the party is easily restor'd , either by stopping the Breath , or by suddenly surprising them with fear . But as often as sharp poisonous Food or Medicines , or any flatuous humours be in the Stomach , &c. causing the Hicket ; they must be presently expelled by an Antimonial Emetick , which will not onely empty the peccant humours upward and downward , but will correct and amend the hurtfull humours in the Body . After the Operation of the Emetick , the following Cordial Opiate will conduce to dissipate the molesting Vapours , which remain about the Mouth of the Stomach ; and will stay the Hicket , and mildly procure sleep . Take the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , Syrup of Mint , of each one ounce ; the Waters of Baum and Mint , of each two ounces ; Confectio Alkermes two drachms ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirits of Harts-horn , Niter dulcified , of each twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick often take two spoonfulls of this Opiate , till they be dispos'd to rest . If this distemper be obstinate , and yields not to the aforesaid Medicine , it shews that over-viscous Humours are conjoin'd to its Cause . Therefore in an obstinate Hicket , it is better that the peccant humours be emptied downwards , with such Medicines as will both cut , and educe them . For which I commend these Pills . Take pil . foetidae , ex duobus , of each fifteen grains ; Oil of Harts-horn four drops ; make it into Pills ; take them in the Morning fasting . Let these or the like Aromatick Pills with gums be taken at least twice a week ; which will not onely educe the hurtfull humours , but discuss Vapours , and Wind. In the interim , let not the frequent use of the aforesaid Cordial Opiate be neglected , for it will wonderfully conduce to the Cure. Sometimes it is good for the Patient to sneez , for it hath often prov'd succesfull . Drinking of warm Milk from the Cow is also much commended , because it will asswage the hurtfull humours which remain about the Stomach , &c. CHAP. V. Of Belching . BElching is called in Latin ructatio & ructuatio esculenta , quae fit ab homine saturo , because it comes most commonly after a full Stomach . Any thing which breaks up from the Stomach in the kind of a rift , or windy Vapour , and is expell'd by the Mouth with noise , may properly be called belching . The cause of this distemper , is either outward , or inward . The outward is from windy food , or other flatuous things taken , as Beans , Pease , Radishes , &c. The internal cause is either from a phlegmatick viscous humour adhering to the Stomach , where it is rarefied into wind by Aromaticks taken ; or from the same viscous humour in the small Guts , turned into wind by Choler over fat , and volatile ; and thence it is driven forward to the Stomach , whereby the Fermentation of Food is deprav'd into a noisome Crudity ; whence Belches like rotten Eggs , &c. are rais'd , which doth distend and gnaw the Stomach . If the Phlegmatick matter , which cleaveth to the Ventricle , or small Guts , be very tough , the belching is more hardly excluded ; whence often a swelling , and troublesome Distension of the Stomach follows ; & e contra . The Cure may be safely and happily perform'd , onely by correcting , and educing the Phlegmatick viscous humours abounding ; for which there are variety of Medicines prescrib'd in the third and fourth Pages in the Cure of the Head-ach . CHAP. VI. Of Vomiting , and of the Cholerick and Iliack Passion . VOmiting is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vomo . It is a deprav'd motion of the Stomach , and a certain sign of health weakned ; for in perfect health nothing is wont to be expell'd out of the Stomach by the Mouth . In vomiting sometimes food , ( either crude , or more or less fermented ) is cast out by the Gullet and Mouth ; sometimes Bloud , sometimes Choler , and other times manifold humours and matter of divers Colours , Taste and Consistency ; and sometimes the Excrements returning to the Stomach ( as in Iliaca passio ) is expell'd by that preposterous way of vomiting , wherein , omnia naturae praepostera legibus ibant . All the differences occurring in several sick People , are very difficult to be numbred , or reduc'd into a certain order ; and much more to make an exact Examination of all the Symptoms , and thence to give a solid Judgment of every one . In this distemper the Stomach is either primarily , or secondarily affected . The Stomach is primarily affected to vomit , when the cause is in it self . As by taking a Vomit , or when there is an Inflammation , or Exulceration of it ; for then it is easily stir'd up ( by food , or any other thing swallowed ) to a violent and preternatural Contraction , and turning of its motion , whereby it is compell'd to cast out whatsoever is contain'd in it . The Stomach is secondarily affected , when it is drawn by consent of other parts first distemper'd ; as by the contracting motion of the Guts , either in part or wholly , in that most grievous disease called Ileos , or Iliaca passio ; or by the vehement shaking of the Midriff , together with a potent Contraction of the Muscles of the Belly , caused sometimes in a grievous Cough : By which all the Bowels contain'd in the Belly are compressed upward , toward the Breast , and urge the Stomach to change its natural motion . As often as Cholerick humours are plentifully voided out , as well upward , as downward with great force , accompanied with troublesome Anxieties of the Midriff ; it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bilis . And in Latin cholerica passio . When there is a forcible pouring out of Bloud by vomiting , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin vomitio sanguinis . The Cause of Ileos , or Iliaca passio , is an excrementitious viscous matter that doth adhere unto the Gut called Ileo ; which in time is coagulated into a very hard substance , almost in the form of Bullets ; ( of which I have had large experience ) whence all passage through for the excrements by siege is stopt , and anon their regress and ascent to the Stomach follows , with a miserable vomiting of them . The Rupture of the Peritonaeum may be also the cause of this grievous disease , especially if it be so great , that not onely the small Guts , but the great ones also fall through the lacerated hole , either by reason of their weight , or else by the perpetual approaching of what is contain'd in them , which renders them uncapable to be reduc'd , or put back through the same hole ; whence the excrements , ( having not passage downwards ) are more and more hardned to that degree , that they can hardly be dissolv'd , so that a hard and unsupperable Tumour doth soon follow , which hinders the reflux of bloud , and causeth an inflammation , and consequently a gangrene of the Guts , attended with a violent vomiting of the excrements , 'till death do put a period to the Patient's misery . These evils are often encreas'd by fomentations too hot apply'd , as also by a preposterous and strong rubbing of the swell'd part , and violence us'd to repell the Guts . The immediate causes of the cholerick passion , are sharp , putrid , cholerick humours collected in the Stomach and Bowels , because of external errours commited in diet , or by the taking of poison uncorrected , which doth immediately disturb and corrupt all the humours . The cause of vomiting bloud , is to be deduced ( most commonly ) from the Pancreas , by reason of some vessel open'd by its over sharp juice , caused by a vitious effervescency with Choler , from whence most of it is driven up to the Stomach to be vomited out ; whilst some of it may descend downward to be voided by stool . This distemper may also be caused by bloud flowing out of the vessels of the Stomach or Guts , either broken by vehement Coughing , or corroded by sharp humours . 1. If vomiting be from repletion , or be critical , 't is a good benefit of nature , and therefore must not be stopped : but if it be symptomatical , 't is an ill sign , especially if it be caused by inflammation of the Stomach , or adjacent parts , or by poison taken . 2. If the cause of Ileos , be from excrements indurated in the Gut Ileon , it may be cur'd , if taken in time ; but if it be from a Rupture of the Peritonaeum , 't is dangerous , and for the most part mortal , especially if there be inflammation and Tumour of the Guts , &c. 3. If the sick vomit bloud , 't is dangerous : neither is the cholerick passion without danger . The Cure of this manifold vomiting , may be performed diversly , according to the variety of each cause . If vomiting be rais'd too much by an Emetick , or any other nauseous thing taken , it may be represt by this aromatick Opiate , or one like it . Take of Mint-water , four ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , half an ounce ; Syrups of Mint , Erratick Poppies , of each six drachms : Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirit of Nitre twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take a spoonfull of this every quarter of an hour , till the vomiting ceaseth . If a Catarrh be the cause of vomiting look for the cure in its proper Chapter . If the cholerick passion be caused by poison , or plentifulness of cholerick humours in the Stomach , &c. then nothing hinders but that a gentle Antimonial Emetick may be given , to which may be added those things which will temper the too great effervescency of the aforesaid humours . For example . Take of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum , Mint-water , of each six drachms ; Cinamon-water , two drachms ; Syrup of Erratick Poppies , half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum , two grains ; mix it . After the evacuation of the peccant humours upward , and downward , an Opiate may be profitably used ; because it will not onely temper the Acrimony of Choler , but asswage the acid juice , and stupefie the outward sense , and procure rest , which will be very gratefull to the sick . Take the waters of Fennel , Plantain , Mint , Purslain , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Myrtles , Purslain , white Popp●es , of each one ounce ; Confect . de Hyacintho , Diascordium , Venice-treacle , of each two drachms ; Laudanum opiat . eight grains ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take two Spoonfulls of it often , which will conduce to amend the faultiness of any humours , whether acrimonious , salt or sour ; for in the disease of Cholera , it will powerfully asswage the too much effervescency that is raised in the small Gut , staying the fierce motion of the troubled humours . A bloudy vomiting requireth speedy help , whence soever the bloud cometh . The following Astringent medicine will wonderfully conduce to the cure . Take the waters of Plantain , Comfrey , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vinegar , of each an ounce and half ; Syrups of Mirtles , Quinces , of each one ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud half a drachm ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; mix it . The sick may take two or three Spoonfulls of this Astringent Julep every hour , with good success , for it will cure the most ruptions of Vessels , and stop the flux of bloud beyond expectation . After Vomiting is supprest , if the Patient be troubled with belching of wind , &c. in this case , the following exemplary mixture may bear the praise ; for it doth not onely conduce to curb and discuss wind , remaining as well in the Stomach , as Guts ; but it doth temper and correct both Phlegm and Choler , and hinder wind in its rise , and will dissipate it , when it is bred . Take the waters of Mint , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the Carminative water of Sylvius , Syrup of Mint , of each two ounces ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; mix it . Let this be taken by Spoonfulls , often or more slowly , as pains or stretchings do more or less urge . If bloud be thought or feared to be clotter'd in the cavity of the Guts ; to dissolve it , you may add to the above mentioned Carminative Julep , pul . ocul . Cancror . Antimon . Diaphoret . Sperma Coeti , of each one drachm . The voiding of matter by vomiting and stool , is not to be staid , but mildly promoted , seeing it is wholly unnatural , and hurtfull to the Body : but its new rise is to be hindred as much as may be , seeing it is bred of bloud , which is the fuel of our vital fire , and the sustenance of all parts of the Body . Among all the medicines that move or promote the voiding of matter , and hinder the continual breeding of it , out of corrupt bloud ; I prefer and commend Antimonials , rightly prepar'd ; as well Emeticks , as other preparations of it , as Antimonium Diaphoretic . and above all , a Balsam made artificially of its flowers , which will powerfully conduce to alter and correct the harms befalling the Body by matter , and hinder the new producing of it . Also Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Anise-seed is excellent to cleanse and consolidate any inward Ulcer ; if two or three drops of it be taken often in a day in any pleasant healing vehicle . In all preternatural vomitings keep the Belly open , so that the sick may have ( at least ) every day a stool , either by Nature or Art ; and let the peccant humours remaining be emptied out by siege , with these or the like Pills . Take Extract . Rudii half a drachm ; Resin of Jallop , Salt of Wormwood , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Oil of Cinamon three drops ; mix it for two doses , to be taken in the morning . The cure of Ileos , or Iliaca passio , may ( for the most part ) be performed by the aforesaid medicines . But for the sake of young Practitioners , I shall add some few directions for the cure of this lamentable contracted motion . Wherefore to appease the troublesome irritation of the Guts , let fat Broths be often taken in at the Mouth , and also injected into the Fundament as a Clyster ; but if an emollient Clyster can conveniently be made , let the following be prepared and often used , the Decoction of which may be also taken at the Mouth , with a few drops of Oil of Anise-seed . Take the Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces ; of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Mullein , of each two handfulls ; the Seeds of Anise , Sweet-fennel , Coriander , Flax , Faenugreek , of each two ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a quart of Spring-water till half be consumed , then strain it , and add oil of white Lillies , the Fat of a Hen , of each one ounce ; mix it for a Clyster ▪ Of which ingredients you may also make Fomentations and Cataplasms to be applied to the region of the Navel , moderately hot , adding Swines or Goats dung to the Pultess . The following Emulsion will conduce not onely to allay the irritation , and temper the sharp humours , but will make the passages slippery , and ( by degrees ) moisten the hard Excrements contained in the small Gut , and in the mean time , will mildly procure rest , and stop vomiting . Take of sweet Almonds blanched , white Poppy-seeds , of each two ounces ; French-barley boiled four ounces ; the waters of Fennel , Plantain , Roses , of each half a pint ; Barley-water a pint , let it be made an Emulsion ; to which add Syrup of Violets three ounces ; confectio Alkermes de Hyacintho , of each two drachms ; Laudanum twenty grains ; Spirit of Niter forty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take three Spoonfulls of it often . In this grievous Disease , nothing is to be neglected , either outward , or inward , that may procure ease to the Patient . The intrails of Animals , as sheep , &c. applied very warm in hot cloaths , and often repeated , are very effectual . Also Ventoses applied to the Navel have prov'd succesfull ; after which let a little Civet wrapt in Cotten be put to the Navel , and upon it apply a Plaster e Cymino , or Sylvius's Carminative Plaster ; or else let the aforemention'd Pultess be applied warm . Golden bullets swallowed are excellent , but for want of them , leaden bullets may serve . Some give great Pills of Antimony ; and crude Mercury or Quick-silver well depurated is also highly commended , to be given to three pound at a time , and walk or ride after it , to agitate the Body ; but before you give either of them let the sick take an ounce of oil of sweet Almonds or Sallet oil , and likewise after it : and be sure that no acid thing be given after the Quick-silver till it be evacuated , lest it coagulate the Mercury , and hurry the Patient to the grave . CHAP. VII . Of pain in the Stomach , and of various pains of the Guts , as Cholick , &c. THE pains of the Stomach may be distinguish'd or divided into two sorts , viz. of the upper and lower orifice . If the upper orifice of the Stomach , ( which is of exquisite sense , by reason of the intertexture of Nerves with which it is wonderfully furnish'd from the vaga sexta , whereof branches are also communicated to the Heart ) be affected , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Cor. It is also called in Latin Cardiacus dolor , cui os Ventriculi dolet , & per consensum cordis , ergo vocatur affectio Cordis , seu oris ventriculi . For the Mouth , or upper orifice of the Stomach being primarily affected , the Heart suffers by consent . If the lower orifice , called Pilorus , be affected , it is called dolor seu colica ventriculi ; especially if it come of wind . The pains of the Guts may also be distinguish'd , because one while the small guts , and other whiles the thick guts are griev'd . As often as the upper part of the small gut , ( nearest the Stomach , ) is pain'd , because that part of the gut is over the right Region of the Lions , it maketh the Patient ( and sometimes the Physician ) think that the pain is in them . But if that part of the small gut which riseth up from the Loins and Mesenterie , ( Towards the left Hypochondrium ) be afflicted with rendings and distensions , with a notable hardness , this is attributed to the Spleen , even by some Physicians , although without any solid reason ; when indeed this distending pain is altogether Hypochondriacal . If the pain be in the Gut Ileon , it is thence called Iliaca Passio , which hath been already treated of . Whatsoever pain is rais'd in the Gut Colon , may be called Colica Passio . These may be distinguish'd from one another , chiefly from the situation of either Gut. For the Gut Ileon is for the most part contorted hither and thither , up and down about the region of the Navel , and from thence a little upward ; but the Colon from the Navel downward , the pain of the Cholick generally pressing to the bottom of the Belly , as well as to each side , and the Back , &c. according as the Gut is writhed which is almost in the manner of a Roman S. being roll'd to the Navel , and from thence with a remarkable winding through the middle of the Belly , it is writh'd to the left kidney , and groin , and so down to the Os sacrum , and bladder , and ends in the right Gut ; whence the pain rising in the circuit and circumference of the Belly below the Navel may truly be called Cholical . Sometimes there is a hot distending pain with pulsation and inflammation in the latter part of the thick Guts called Rectum ; and this is either with a troublesome rending , as in the internal or blind Hemorrhoids ; or else it is a corroding pain , accompani'd with more or less itching , perpetually provoking to siege as in the Tenesmus , which oft times follow a Dysentery or bloudy flux . In these various pains of the Guts , there is one while a hot burning with pulsation , and other whiles a cold chilness seemeth to be fixt ; pricking , and ( as it were ) boring the bowels ; sometimes there is a distension of the bowels , pressing them with a sense of weight , wonderfully writhing and contorting them with such a tearing corroding pain , that the sick cannot give an explanation of the grief , and misery which they endure . The causes are either external , or internal . The external are wounds or contusions , caused by external violence . The internal causes are divers ; sometimes Worms may be the cause . But a burning pain is produced either by an obstruction of the Capillary veins of the Stomach or Guts , by which the bloud is forc'd to stand still in the vessels till at length ( after a great distension ) the vessels burst , and the bloud is effus'd , which breedeth an inflammation , and a manifest pulsation about the part affected , by which it may be distinguish'd from any other Kind . But for the most part , a burning and corroding pain riseth from Choler too fat , powerfully and vitiously raising an effervescency with the juice of the Pancreas too acid ; as experience teacheth in outward things ; for if you pour Spirit of Vitriol to oil of Turpentine , it will presently raise an effervescency join'd with a notable heat and burning . This burning pain is chiefly felt in the region of the Loins , because there is the conflux of Choler , and the juice of the Pancreas ; and from thence ariseth vitious sharp vapours , which produce griping pains of the Stomach , and pricking pains in the Guts , as also other wandring pains therein . If the pain be chill and cold , it is caus'd from the juice of the Pancreas very acid and sharp ; which raiseth a vitious effervescency with Choler ( not oily ) and phlegm together , as we may observe , if we mix Spirit of Vitriol with any volatile Salt not oily , how it will raise an effervescency , coupled with a notable Chilness , and Coldness onely sensible ; hence we may conclude , that the operation of the acid Spirit in producing cold , is much promoted by phlegm . The cause of the Colick is over viscous phlegm , mixed with Choler , peccant both in its Saltish acrimony , and volatile oiliness ; by which the viscous phlegm is rarifi'd into Wind ; and if the excrements are contain'd beyond their course , they harden , and adhere to the Gut , whereby the natural ferment is vitiated , and the windy blasts are more and more rarifi'd , and being shut up and remaining in the Cavity of the Gut Colon , it causeth a violent distension and contraction of it . But if the aforesaid humours be mixt with the juice of the Pancreas over sharp , acid and harsh ; then there is a wonderfull sense of contortion in the part affected , urging and writhing from place to place , according to the winding or rolling of the Gut. If this wind pierceth through the Guts , into the Cavity of the Belly , it expandeth the Peritonaeum , and so inflateth the whole Abdomen , and causeth a Tympany . These Distempers are all dangerous , and sometimes mortal , especially if a violent Fever be complicated with them . We must vary the cure according to the diversity of the causes . A burning corroding pain may be cur'd , by tempering too fat Choler with Acids , as Spirit of Niter , &c. being mixt with Opiates . For example . Take the Waters of Fennel , Fumitory , Sorrel , Succory , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vinegar , Syrups of Violets and white Poppies , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick often take a Spoonfull of this Julep , till the heat and pain be diminished , and sleep be procured . The following Emulsion is also profitable , and therefore may sometimes be given for a change . Take the four greater cold Seeds , white Poppy-seeds , of each one ounce ; French Barley boiled four ounces ; with two quarts of Barley water ; let it be made an Emulsion ; and add to it Syrups of Violets , and white Poppies , of each two ounces ; Salt prunella half an ounce , Spirit of Niter thirty drops ; mix it , and give four Spoonfulls every two or three hours . If Choler be two plentifull , let it be educ'd with this or the like mild Cholagogue . Take Damask-rose water two ounces ; Manna , Diaphaenicon , Electuary of the juice of Roses , of each two drachms ; Tartar Vitriolated ten grains ; mix it , and take it in the morning . The Cholagogue Electuary of Sylvius is also excellent , of which you shall have the receipt at the latter end of the Book . Chilness and cold pains may be cur'd by tempering the over sharp acidity of the juice of the Pancreas . Lixivial Salts both fixt and volatile are excellent in this Case , as also any Aromatick Spirit of wine , Treacle water , &c. with which may be mix'd Coral , Pearl , Crabs-eyes , Antimon . Diaphoret . &c. and let the body be compos'd to sweat . The following forms may serve for example . Take the waters of Treacle , Fennel , Syrup of the juice of Carduus , of each half an ounce ; powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Salt of Wormwood , of each ten grains ; mix it , and give it the sick to cause sweat . You may also give some of this Cordial Julep , to uphold the Spirits when they sweat . Take of Tincture of Cinamon , the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , of each half an ounce ; the waters of Mint , Baum , of each two ounces ; Syrups of the juice of Oranges , Clove-gilliflowers of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops ; mix it , and give two or three spoonfulls of it often . Let Sylvius's Carminative Plaster be spread on Leather , and applied to the region of the Stomach and Navel . As for the cure of the Cholick , let an Emollient Clyster ( which discusseth wind ) be given often , at least twice in a day . Take the roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce ; Pellitory of the Wall , Mallows , Marsh-mallows , the Flowers of Melilot ; Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; the Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , Dill , the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each one ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Whey till half of it be consumed ; then strain it , and add Electuary Diaprunum , Cariocostinum , Benedicta laxativa , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Dill , Chamomel , Roses , of each six drachms ; Oil of Harts-horn ten drops ; mix it for two Clysters . The smoak of Tobacco may be blown into the Clyster-bladder , and given with it , with good success . Besides , a Clyster may be made of Canary wine , or warm Cows Milk , and a little Honey , or Malossus , and given sometimes to soften the hard excrements , and to dissolve those that are too viscous , whereby they may be the easier evacuated , and also Wind invited to an easie outlet . To drink the Decoction before prescrib'd , will much conduce to ease the sick ; also of the same ingredients , you may make fomentations and Cataplasms , But if the Patient do not care for the trouble of such medicines ; you may anoint the Belly with this ointment . Take Ointments of Marsh-mallows , Martiatum , Oils of Capers , white Lillies , of each one ounce ; Oil of Bricks half an ounce ; mix it . After which apply a large Plaster of Sylvius's Carminative Empl. to the Belly . The following Julep taken often by spoonfulls will much conduce to ease the pain , and discuss the wind . Take the Waters of Mint , Scurvigrass , Fennel , Lovage , Penny-royal , of each one ounce ; the carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Tinctures of Cinamon and Castor , of each half an ounce ; Syrups of Mint , Fennel and Mirtles , of each six drachms ; Oil of Mace distill'd ten drops ; Spirits of Harts-horn and Niter , of each twenty drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; mix it for a Julep . The Oil of Harts-horn is a very Potent , though ungratefull remedy in this disease . Also the Balsam of Sulphur made with Oil of Anise-seed , Amber , or Juniper is excellent in vanquishing this rebellious distemper . After the violence of pain is abated , you may purge the Body with this following Decoction . Take of Guiacum four ounces ; Roots of China , Sassafras , Lovage , of each one ounce ; Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water till half be consumed , strain it , and add of the best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each four ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Spirit of Niter two drachms ; mix it , and take two ounces of it every Morning and Evening . The following Pills with Gums will be also very usefull , and potent to educe the viscous Phlegm , &c. Take Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar of Squills two drachms ; Resins of Jallop and Scammony , Powders of Castor , Mastick , Mirrh , Vitriol of Mars calcin'd to whiteness , of each half a drachm ; Saffron ten grains ; Powder of Troches , Alhandal two Scruples ; Oils of Harts-horn , Cloves , of each ten drops ; beat them all into a Mass for Pills . Let the sick take three or four of these Pills in the morning fasting , which will kindly expell the vitious humours . After which let them take some of the aforesaid Julep to procure rest and ease . Oily volatile Salts , and Spirit of Niter are excellent , not onely to correct Choler , and other peccant humours , but do potently discuss wind . CHAP. VIII . Of the Worms . WOrms may be generated in all parts of the Body ; those which are bred in Ulcers , may more fitly be called Maggots , in Latin termetes ; but I shall onely treat of those which are bred in the internal parts of the Body . Every man living in all places , and climes , doth more or less suffer by the frequent generation of these little intestine Enemies ; especially the weaker state of Man , as Infants , and the female Sex ; whose ferment , or digestive heat being not sufficiently master of their great moisture ; part of it is turned into putrefaction , which corrupteth the humours . Wherefore it is no wonder that active Nature ( being never at rest ) by the quickning animating heat , which causeth Concoction , doth frequently generate Worms either in the Stomach or Guts , according to the various occurrences of matter , and seminal dispositions . There are three or four kinds of these inbred disturbers , which we may take notice of . The first are called in Latin Teretes , a terendo , quod quasi terendo rotundum sit , vel ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. terebrando . They are long and round like Earth-worms but whiter ; they are more common than the rest , and are bred in the Guts , but do sometimes get up into the Stomach . The second are called lumbrici Lati & longi , because they are broad and long . They are also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tendo . i. e. fascia extensa . Because they are something like a womans Head-band . This worm is full of joints , and is a native of the Jejunum , which is a fit place to nourish these Milk-suckers , or craving Vermine ; there being the most supply of milky Juice , by reason of the numerous lacteal Vessels . Some of these worms have been of an incredible length . Pliny lib 11. nat . hist. cap. 33. affirmeth that some have been thirty foot in length . If you peruse Schenckiu's his observations , lib. 3. pag. 411. you may reade variety of such Histories . The third are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , salio . In Latin they are called Vermes exigui intestinorum , quod ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , è sordibus nascantur . They are little and slender ; some call them Arse-worms , because they commonly lye in the Intestinum rectum , near the Sphincter Muscle . There is another kind of worms ( though seldom seen ) in the Colon , like the Botts in Horses ; they may be called in Latin Vermina , ex vertendo , quod rependo torqueant sese , & vertant cum quodam minuto motu . Ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 serpo . The material cause of all worms is ( most commonly ) the inconcocted part of the Chylus which is produc'd of such nourishment as easily putrifieth in the Stomach ; as green fruit , &c. which gives sufficient matter to these intruding Vermine . This part of the Chylus being crude , and unfit for sanguification , is left ( undrawn by the lacteal Veins ) in the intestines , where it is mixed with pituitous humours , and elaborated by the temperate heat of the guts , which is the efficient cause of such like generations . The form which lay hid in this matter before , is afterward generated by the temperate heat of the Bowels , and according to the diversity of the latent forms , sundry sorts of worms are bred . In the aforemention'd title of Schenckius , you may reade of the stupendious Figures of Worms , set down by learned and famous Men in their Monuments . The signs of worms are many . If they be round , there is a pinching or gnawing pain in the Belly , especially being hungry ; also a stinking Breath , a frequent dry Cough , Loathing , and sometimes Vomiting and Looseness , with distention of the Belly , and a symptomatical Fever ; the sleep is often disturb'd with horrible Dreams , and starting and gnashing of the Teeth ; the Face is pale , the Nose itcheth ; wherefore Children that have them , do often rub and pick their Nose . If the long broad worm be in the small guts , the party hath an insatiable Appetite , the Body consumeth , having quick stools after eating , in which there is often a substance like to the Seeds of Cucumbers . If the small worms called Ascarides , be bred in the intestinum rectum , there is a painfull itching in Anus with provocation to stool , in which they often come away . If the short thick worms like Botts be bred in the Colon , there is a wringing troublesome pain , and they often come from the Patient night and day , without any Excrements , or motion to stool . These last mention'd , are of all others the worst , and most difficult to destroy , especially if they continue long , and grow numerous , because they enclose themselves in a Cystis or Bladder for shelter , which they run out and in to , as a Coney into her Burrough , whereby they defend themselves from the power of those things which are given to kill them . The broad long worms are also hard to destroy ; and if the round ones continue long , and are many , they cause Convulsions , and sometime Epilepsie ; and if they come out alive in acute Fevers , it betokeneth great Malignity of the morbifick matter , which they labour to shun . The Ascarides are not dangerous , for they may be easily killed with Clysters . As for the Curation , it is perform'd by two indications ; the first is by killing of them , the second by expelling of them when killed And here the place or residence of the offending Vermine is to be considered , viz. whether it be the Stomach or Bowels ; if the Bowels , whether the most external , as the Rectum , or more internal , as the Colon , Ileon , or Jejunum ; and according to the different seat of such internal offensives of life , we must differently level our remedies , and manner of Cure. If the Stomach be the residence of these notorious offenders ; they may then be killed , and pumped upwards by an Antimonial vomit . But large worms , which are not natives of the Stomach , but ( as is said before ) of the Jejunum , or other next productive guts , may be most properly conveyed downwards by the force of Aloetick and Mercurial Medicaments . And for as much as the passage is tedious for such slow marchers as worms are ; which being but sick it may be with one dose , and loath to be dislodged ; therefore they must be often stimulated to their exit ( at least five or six days together ) by protruding Medicaments , till they be all destroy'd , and evacuated . The following Pill is excellent . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . Ruffi , of each one Scruple ; Mercur. dulcis sixteen grains ; Oil of Juniper three drops ; make them into eight Pills . A young Child may take a small Pill of this every day , and those that are adult , three or four of them , for five or six days , till all the Vermine are kill'd and ejected . And to render the whole Region of the Bowels an uneasie residence to such unwelcome guests , an Aloetick Plaster applied to the Navel is never to be omitted ; and farther to specificate the same , and all other Medicines , either internally exhibited , or externally applied ; I advise you to mix some of the Powder of the ejected worms ( of what kind soever ) with them , which you will find most effectual to destroy the living Vermine . Also all medicaments which partake of mercurial irradiation are destructive to Worms where-e'er they are . Our common Quicksilver , if boiled an hour or two in fair Water , renders the whole ( without communication of taste or scent , and also without any loss of weight ) a certain destroyer of Worms in humane Bodies ; which may be either given at the Mouth , or sweetned with Sugar , and given as a Clyster ; after which give two or three doses of the aforesaid Pills to expell the dead Vermine , and verminous matter . CHAP. IX . Of a Looseness , or flux of the Belly . AS often as the expulsion of what is contain'd in the Guts , happens quicker , oftener , and more plentifully than is natural , it may be called a Looseness ; of which there are divers sorts , which may be distinguisht according to the different things voided . 1. If Food be evacuated crude and undigested , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin also Lienteria , i. e. levitas intestinorum . 2. If the Food be fermented in the Stomach , and the Chyle passeth into the Guts , and the nutriment of the Chyle be not there separated from the Excrement , but is voided whitish like a Pultess , much like the Excrements of those that have the Jaundice , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Coeliaca , i. e. alvinus , vel ventralis dispositio ; of which there is another kind , which for distinction sake may be named the Chyle-like Looseness ; wherein the Food is both fermented , and severed into Chyle and Excrements , and yet are voided confusedly together . 3. If not onely Food , but waterish and cholerick humours are often and plentifully voided , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo . It may be called in English a Cholerick Looseness . There are divers other kinds of Looseness , which may be called Diarrhoea ; for if thick and viscous Phlegmatick humours are frequently and plentifully voided , it may thence be call'd a Phlegmatick Diarrhoea ; if the humours be serous , it is a serous Diarrhoea ; if fat and oily Excrements are frequently evacuated , it may thence be nam'd an unctuous Diarrhoea , &c. 4. If the dejection be purulent , corrupted , excrementitious matter , together with pure Bloud , it may then be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod hic non tam difficultatem quam detrimentum notat , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 intestinum , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 intus . It may be called in Latin Tormina quod dolore torquentur intestina ; In English 't is vulgarly called the Bloudy-flux . If there be a perpetual endeavour to go to stool , and nothing but a little mucous purulent matter voided with great pain and straining , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tendo . In English it may be called a neediness , there being a continual need and desire to go to stool . This Distemper properly belongeth to a Dysentery , because it doth most commonly follow it , and sometimes with a procidentia Ani. To a Bloudy-flux may also be referred the immoderate flux of the Hemorrhoids ▪ which may be known from a Dysentery , both from the place affected , and the great quantity of the bloudy purging . It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sanguis , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , profluvium . Also the flux of the Liver ( if there be any such Disease ) may be referred hither , in which the excrementitious liquour ejected , is like the washing of bloudy flesh . This Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , qui ex hepate laborant . In Latin 't is called Hepaticus affectus , vel fluxus est serosi et sanguinei humoris per alvum excretio , propter Hepatis imbecilitatem . The causes of all fluxes of the Belly , are either external , or internal . The external , are any of the six non-natural things immoderately used , which weakens the Stomach , also the taking of any venemous thing , as Arsnick , Mercury sublimate , &c. which presently destroys the ferment of the Stomach and Guts . The internal cause of the Lientery , is weakness of the Stomach , that it cannot retain any food received into it , but striveth to expell it . The Jaundice-like flux is caused by the sluggishness of Choler , so that it is not carri'd down to the Guts , to promote the separation of the usefull , from the unusefull parts of the Chyle . The Chyle-like flux is also caused by the same , so that the straining of Chyle through the spongy crust of the Guts into the Lacteal veins is hindred ; the orifices or pores tending to the Lacteal veins , being obstructed by over thick and viscous phlegmatick humours . A Cholerick Diarrhoea is caused by over-salt , sharp and serous Choler ; together with phlegm , and the juice of the Pancreas too watry and fluid . A phlegmatick Diarrhoea is caused by such things as do breed much viscous phlegm . A serous Diarrhoea ariseth most frequently from Spittle , and the juice of the Pancreas too Serous . A fat , oily , or unctuous looseness , doth follow the over much use of too fat food . A Dysentery doth proceed either from the thickness of the bloud , by reason of over viscous phlegm , being mixed with Lympha , or the juice of the Pancreas too acid , accompani'd with sorrow of mind ; whereby the bloud doth become too gross for its wonted circulation through the Capillary Vessels of the Guts ; wherefore it causeth a great distension of them , till at length they burst , and pour out the bloud into the cavity of the Guts . Or else it may be caused from Choler too salt , sharp and plenteous in the bloud , whereby it doth become extravagantly serous , and eager , through extraordinary fermentation , extremely agitating the humours to a Colliquation , especially where fierceness of anger or great heat of mind do concur ; by which the bloud is the more rarifi'd to pierce through the tender restraint of the vessels , and doth flow out by indirect ways , sometimes by great loss , to the endangering of life . A Tenasmus is caused by a phlegmatick viscous humour , joyned with a sharp acid humour , which doth fret the Gut about the siege , stirring up a troublesome Ulcer there . The flux of the Hemorrhoids , and of the Liver , is to be deduc'd from much serous matter mixt with the bloud , and also relaxing the vessels . The Hemorrhoids are either critical , which useth to ease the sick ; or symptomatical , and much weakneth them . The signs of Fluxes are manifest , from what hath been said . 1. If any looseness continue long , with loathing , 't is an ill sign , especially if it be with a Fever . 2. If the small Guts are affected , the pain is sharper than when it is in the thick Guts . 3. In the Dysentery , if the dejections be very bloudy , or black and setid , with great Thirst , Hicket , &c. for the most part they are mortal signs ; but if the erosion be onely in the internal membrane of the Gut , and there be no great pain , nor other bad symptome , there is great hopes of recovery . If the bloud and humours be too thin and serous , they must be corrected , and evacuated . Chalk , and Harts-horn , ( or any other burnt bone ) reduc'd to powder , and given often in a small quantity , doth imbibe and correct watry moisture , and also over much fatness , which may be the cause of a looseness . After which the peccant humours may be evacuated by stool with Hydragogues , and by sweat and urine , with Sudorificks and Diureticks . Toasted Rhubarb will satisfie to many indications , seeing that it doth not onely evacuate water together with Choler abounding , but will soon correct the over-loose body , by its mild tartness . Wherefore when the Bloud doth abound with much serous liquour , let the sick take this Powder in a little Broth. Take the Powder of Jallop , Cinamon , of each fifteen grains ; Powder of Rhubarb tosted half a drachm ; mix it After the operation of it , you may give the following Cordial by spoonfulls . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water half an ounce ; Syrup of Mirtles one ounce ; Confectio de Hyacintho , Diascordium , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it . It will be also convenient sometimes to educe the humours by urine and sweat ; for which I commend the following Decoction of China , &c. Take the Roots of Burdock , the five opening Roots , Sarzeparilla , Contra yerva , of each one ounce ; China four ounces ; Gromwell-seeds , Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of fountain water , 'till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrup of the five opening Roots six ounces ; Spirit of Niter one drachm ; mix it . Let the sick take a quarter of a pint of this warm , twice or thrice a day , and especially in the morning fasting , which will the easier procure a breathing sweat , or else urine more plentifull , by which the serosity of the bloud will be consum'd by little and little , so that the bloud and humours will thereby become more pure . If a Dysentery , or Bloudy-flux arise from a sharp humour corroding the Vessels ; it may be cur'd by correcting , and tempering the sharp acid humours , and consolidating the Vessels fretted . The following Powder is excellent to correct and amend the aforesaid acid humours , and stop all fluxes of bloud . Take the Powders of red Coral , Pearles prepared , white Chalk , Dragons bloud , of each half a drachm ; mix it for six doses , which may be taken in three spoonfulls of the following Julep , every two or three hours . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , Syrups of Quinces , Mirtles , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Juniper ten drops ; mix it . If there be an Ulcer in the thick Guts , and Clysters can come to the part affected , let the following be often injected , and instruct the sick to retain them so long as they can . Take new Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched one pint ; Honey of Roses one ounce ; Venice Turpentine half an ounce ; the Yelk of one Egg ; Balsam of Sulphur four drops ; mix it . The following Bolus may be sometimes given in the Morning fasting . Take the Powder of Rhubarb tosted two Scruples ; Nutmeg one scruple ; make it into a Bolus with Conserves of red Roses . And this Bolus may be given at Night going to bed . Take Diascordium , Conserves of red Roses , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; mix it . By the frequent use of these choice Medicines , the Ulcer will be cleans'd , the Gripes asswag'd , and the Consolidation of the ulcerated Gut ( both in the Tenasmus and Dysentery , &c. ) will be wonderfully promoted . But if the Ulcer be in the small Guts , the following vulnerary Decoction will more conduce to the Cure. Take the Roots of Comfry , Plantain , Knot-grass , of each two ounces ; the Tops of Saint John's wort , Sanicle , Germander , red Roses , of each one handfull ; Shavings of Harts-horn , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in three quarts of Fountain-water wherein steel hath been quenched , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of dried Roses , Tincture of Cinamon , distill'd Vinegar , Syrup of Marsh-mallows , of each two ounces ; mix it , and give the sick four spoonfulls every two or three hours . If you add two or three drops of Balsam of Sulphur , made with Oil of Anise-seed to every dose of the Decoction , &c. it will be the more effectual both to cleanse and consolidate the Ulcer . The flux of the Hemorrhoids , if it be symptomatical , and weaken the sick , is then to be hindred , which may be effectually done by the afore-mention'd Medicines . If much serous Liquour can so dilute the Bloud , and relax the Vessels , that part of it may be carried out of them into the Guts , and produce a Flux like the washing of Flesh , commonly called a Flux of the Liver ; it may be cur'd by driving forward the serous Liquour out of the Body , by Sudorificks , and Diureticks ; and also by tart strengthning things that repair the hurt of the loosened Vessels . The Diuretick decoction of China , before mention'd , is excellent in this case , to be taken as is there directed . Also the following Diaphoretick may be sometimes used with good success . Take the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Plantain-water two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar three drachms ; Confectio de Hyacintho , Diascordium , of each one drachm ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; Syrups of Mirtles , dried Roses , of each six drachms ; mix it for two doses . Also the Powder and astringent Julep prescrib'd in page 192 , 193. is excellent to corroborate the loosened Vessels , &c. Anoint the Belly with the Oil of Quinces , Mirtles , Roses , Wormwood , &c. mixed with unguent . Comitissae ; which is also good in all Fluxes of the Belly . CHAP. X. Of the dry Belly-ach . THIS cruciating disease may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Spasmus Abdominis , quod sub umbelico est ad Bubem ; and because of the additional Torments , it may be also named Tormen Abdominis , quod dolore torquetur Abdomen . This disease doth also need as well the Name , as the invocation of Miserere mei Deus ; the sick being in such extreme misery , that 't is incredible to all but them that have endur'd it . The most urgent and exquisite pain under this affect , being in that most tender and sensible part , viz. the Belly , may seem to have some Alliance with the Iliack or Colick passion ; and indeed they are sometimes its Concomitants , but much different from it . The causes of this lamentable Distemper , are either external , or internal . The external general occasional cause is contracting Cold in the Region of the Belly , &c. which doth cramp not onely the Muscles of the Abdomen , but also the tender Fibres of the Intestines , cruciating all the affected parts with obdurate Contractions ; which is more aggravated when the Moon doth come to opposition with the Sun. Which may be also observ'd in all Spasms and convulsive motions , that about the full of the Moon , the tide of such nervous diseases doth rise highest : Especially in those places where the direct aspects of the nocturnal luminary have the most power ; which demonstration will evince to be between the Tropicks , which many of our Mariners , ( who have sailed that way ) can tell by wofull experience . Another external procuring cause of this grievous disease is a mineral Gas ascending from the Caverns of the Earth , infesting the Air with its poisonous Fumes , whereby not onely the tender fibrous , and nervous parts of the Belly are oft times crampt with Convulsive spasms ; but the mineral Fumes being inspired with the Air into the Body , produce most eminent apparent evils , as the Corruption of the Chyle into porraceous and adust Choler , from whence followeth irritating Vomitings , and the Constipation of the Belly , with obdurateness of the excrements , which inflames the Bowels , and entails a Symptomatical fever , with a heavy and slow pulse ; and as the pain doth aggravate more and more , there is want of sleep and rest , with other uneasiness , and commotions of Body and Mind ; as the Operatours in Chymistry have sometimes experience of ( to their cost and trouble ) in mineral preparations ; for if a Vessel chance to break , the sharp and acid Vapours , or Gas of the mineral , immediately seiseth the Animal spirits of all that are in the Elaboratory ; by which they are mov'd unequally ( against the will ) through the Nerves to the Musculous parts , which causeth Convulsive motions , with trembling and shaking of the Limbs , and other accumulated evils . The like grievous Symptoms ( though not so violent ) happen to many People that inhabit near the mineral Mines in Hungaria , and also in some Places of England as Derbyshire , &c. Where there are Lead-works , from whence mineral Fumes continually ascend from the separating Oar , which infesteth the Air , and is a great producer of such Convulsive effects . At the first seisure of this evil , the Muscles of the Abdomen , and sometimes those of the Breast and Back , ( through contractions ) prove hard and painfull , as in our ordinary Cramps ; which Symptoms will evince , that these Vapours are peccant in an acid Acrimony . The internal Cause , is also sour Vapours arising most commonly out of the small Guts ; which the concurring symptoms ( consider'd and weighed with an attentive mind ) will confirm ; for these Vapours being sharp , are driven forward into the Nerves , and gnawing them with great pain , aggravate and produce this Convulsive spasm . 1. If this miserable and afflictive Distemper hath continu'd to a long durance , it causeth such obstructions in the fibrous and nervous Passages of the Muscles , that thereby Lameness and an Atrophy soon succeeds , increasing the Weakness of all the Members of the Body , till at length it ends in a Paralitical resolution of them . 2. If a pregnant Woman , or a Woman after Abortion , be afflicted with this grievous evil ; it is very dangerous , and many times mortal . As for the Cure , we must endeavour to ease the pain , and strengthen the weak parts with all expedition , The pain may be eased , and diminish'd as well by internal , as external Anodynes and Narcoticks ; to allay the violent Motion of the Animal spirits , and abate the grievous Spasms succeeding . The following Cordial Diaphoretick opiate is excellent in this Case . Take the Waters of Fennel , Peony , Treacle , of each one ounce ; Syrups of Stoechas , Peony , Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , Salt of Amber , volatile Salt of Harts-horn , of each one scruple ; Tincture of Castor two drachms , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oil of Cloves , of each four drops ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . By the frequent taking of this Volatile and Anodyne Sudorifick , the peccant humours will be temper'd and diminisht , and the inordinate , involuntary , and impetuous motion of the Animal spirits will be reduc'd , and brought to tranquillity , by which the binding Constrictions of the Belly-ach will be the easier remov'd . Bathing in this distemper , hath been often us'd with admirable success ; for by the frequent use thereof , the cutaneous and muscular Fibres will not onely be relax'd from contracted Spasms ; but the pores will be also kept open for the constant discharge of transpiring Particles . A natural Bath , such as is in the City of Bathe , is excellent ; but when it is not to be had , an artificial Bath may be very usefull for the ends propos'd . For example . Take of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Vervain , Betony , Chamomel , Bays , Rhue , Time , Hyssop , Ground-pine , Organ , Penny-royal , Sage , sweet Marjoram , of each six handfulls ; Flowers of Stoechas , Chamomel , Melilot , of each four handfulls ; Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Briony , Master-wort , Virginia Snake-root , of each four ounces ; Spicknard , Berries of Juniper and Bays , of each two ounces ; Brimstone six pound ; Salt Niter two pound ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in twenty Gallons of Fountain-water , till a third part be boiled away . Let the sick be well bathed in it , as often as strength will permit ; and let them sit therein , as long as they may well bear the same . Then let them be rub'd dry , and remov'd into a Bed ; and let the affected parts be well anointed with this ( or the like ) fragrant Ointment . Take Oil of Earth-worms , Ointment of Orange-flowers , Jessamy , of each three ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression one ounce ; Oil of Juniper , Bricks , of each two drachms ; mix it . As often as the Body is costive , let a Suppository , or carminative Clyster be administred to make it soluble . Let the weakned parts be fortifi'd with the aforesaid unguent ; upon which apply a Plaster of Sylvius's carminative Emplaster spread on Leather , which you may remove once in twenty four hours , using warm frictions to the pained parts , and apply the Plaster again ; and over it you may apply a Fox-skin drest , which will keep the parts warm , and conduce to the cure , which course may be continu'd 'till strength be restor'd to the grieved Limbs . CHAP. XI . Of the Yellow Jaundice . THE Yellow Jaundice is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab avicula quae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicitur , quod ea oculos flavi vel aurei coloris habet . It is also called Icterus in Latin ; it being a spreading of a yellowish Colour over the whole body . It was the common received opinion of the Ancients , that the chief cause of this Disease , is an obstruction of the Cystick passage to the small Gut , so that Choler is thereby wholly hindred in its natural descent ; wherefore it doth ascend to the Liver , and so to the Bloud , with which it is transfer'd to the habit and superficies of the body , where it doth shew it self in its colours . But it may be manifested from many observations , and experiments , both Anatomical , and Practical ; that the Jaundice may be produc'd without an obstruction of the passage of Choler . Although I suppose that the Jaundice may sometimes be rais'd by the aforesaid obstruction , either by Choler it self most glutinous , or lapidescent ; which I have had sufficient experience of , having dissected several dead bodies , in which I have found stones not onely in the Gall , but Cystick passage also . But on the contrary , it hath been oft observ'd in dissecting Icterical people , that the Cystick passage was not obstructed , but the excrements were dyed yellow , although not so much as usual . Whence it is manifest , that it may be bred without any obstruction in the passage aforesaid . The causes then are either external or internal . The external cause is the biting of a viper , whose poison is of a subtile , volatile and spirituous nature ; which doth soon render Choler over spirituous , after the biting of the Serpent . But the aforesaid poison being antipathetical to humane nature , it doth presently endeavour to defend every individual part from the potent killing quality of the poison ; and therefore doth immediately send the balsamick bile to antidote the venome ; and in circulating with it , the volatile salt of the Choler is broken , by which it is less apt to effervesce with acids , and therefore is easily joyned with the other humours ( being onely confus'd with the bloud ) by which the superficies of the whole Body becomes yellowish . 2. Ebriety , or the abuse of strong drink , may be a procuring cause of this Disease , because the volatile spirit of the drink may be too plenteously mixt with Choler , which renders it spirituous , by which it becomes less apt to effervesce with the acid juice of the Pancreas , and hence most intirely to join it self with the other humours . The internal cause is unexpected sorrow of mind , by which all the humours become glutinous and viscous , because the juice of the Pancreas is thereby made more tart . It may be also caused by obstructions , as is before mention'd ; either by Choler glutinous , or lapidescent , or by viscous phlegm , &c. If the cure be not hastened , a Dropsie , Cachexy , or deadly pining , will in a short time succeed . If sorrow of mind be the cause , it ought to be prevented as much as may be , both by Philosophical and Theological reasons about any troublesome matters , and by confirming the mind , whereby the sick may be the better enabled to bear and suffer stoutly any adversity . This must also be observed in all other Diseases . If Ebriety be the cause I comm●nd Sobriety to cure it . Sublata causa tollitur effectus . If the humours be over viscous or glutinous , the following Decoction will not onely alter and correct , but mildly educe the peccant humours , by which the Jaundice may in a short time be cured . Take of Rhubarb , the Roots of Madder , Smallage , the greater Celandine , of each one ounce ; the Flowers of Broom one handfull ; Hemp-seed two ounces ; the Seeds of Anise , Parsley and Columbines , of each half an ounce ; Saffron two drachms ; white Tartar three drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in White-wine , and Fountain water , of each three pints , till the third part be boiled away , then strain it , and add the best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; mix it . Let the sick take four spoonfulls of this three times a day , till the viscous phlegm and Choler be sufficiently evacuated , and the natural colour of the body restored . As oft as the Jaundice is caused by the poison of a Viper , or any other venemous thing whatsoever , you must administer ( as soon as possible ) a volatile sudorifick to correct and expell the venome . The following will serve to both indications . Take the waters of Carduus , Fennel , Fumitory , of each two ounces ; Treacle-water , Syrups of the juice of Carduus , red Poppies , of each one ounce ; tincture of Saffron two drachms ; Venice-treacle half a drachm ; Bezoar-mineral , Antimony diaphoretick , Salt of Harts-horn , of each one scruple ; Spirit of Salt-Armoniack six drops ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls to provoke sweat , and after it breaks forth , give a spoonfull or two , now and then , to promote it . Also this Decoction , or one like it may be prescrib'd for the Icterick patient , it being both Sudorifick , and Diuretick . Take the Roots of Scorzonera , Juniper , of each two ounces ; Roots of Master-wort , Sassaphras , of each half an ounce ; Berries of Juniper and Bays , of each one ounce and half ; Seeds of Nettles , Hemp and Columbines of each one ounce ; shavings of Harts-horn three drachms ; the tops of Carduus , Scordium , Scabious , the lesser Centaury , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrup of the juice of Carduus four ounces ; Treacle-water two ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every two or three hours . Soap of any sort , conduceth to the cure of the Jaundice , upon a twofold account , both by reason of its fixt lixivial Salt , and also by reason of its fatness or oil ; for the Lixivial Salt doth correct and diminish the over volatileness and spirituousness of the vitiated Choler , and the oil doth blunt the sharpness of the volatile and spirituous Salt ruling in Choler . The following mixture is very effectual . Take of Hemp-seed two ounces ; Soap two drachms ; bruise the seed , and boil it in half a pint of new Milk , till half of it be consumed ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Saffron half an ounce ; tincture of Saffron two drachms ; Laudanum opiatum four grains ; mix it , and give half of it in the morning fasting , and the remainder at night , going to bed . CHAP. XII . Of a Cachexy . AN ill Habit of Body is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , malus , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , habitus . It may be called in Latin mala corporis habitudo . There are many causes of this Distemper , which may be distinguisht according to the diversity of the conjoin'd Symptoms . It doth accompany all Chronical Diseases , as Dropsies of all kinds , Hypochondriack suffocation , Scurvy , Pox and Gout , &c. for it doth spare none , neither Peer nor Peasant , of any age or sex ; but it most frequently seizeth on Women when their monthly terms are supprest . The cause is either external or internal . The external cause is either bad Diet , a long time receiv'd , or for want of good refreshing Food after sickness , for the Stomach being weak cannot digest course Diet , by which the nutriment of the Body doth by degrees become peccant in quality , vitiating the humours , and Bloud it self , so that an ill nourishment of the Body doth follow . The internal cause may be the suppression of the Terms in Women , which is more or less corrupted about the Womb , having not its natural evacuation , from whence the whole mass of Bloud is indued with a vitious quality , by which the nourishment of all parts of the Body is deprav'd . Also Choler , and the juice of the Pancreas ( which are always confus'd with the Bloud ) being alike vitious or peccant in quality , do not onely corrupt the separation of usefull and unusefull parts , but by the vitious effervescency of these humours manifold flatuous vapours are rais'd , which do not onely increase anxieties about the Midriff , but being carried to the Heart , there follows a pressing pain and palpitation thereof ; and in circulating through the Lungs , it causeth a Dyspnoea , or difficult breathing ; and being thence transferr'd every way throughout the Body , it doth breed a general weariness in all parts . But when the vitious humours abound together in plenty , then several kinds of the Dropsie at length succeed ; if not the universal Body groweth lean by degrees . From what hath been said , the production of every Cachexie may easily be deduced by a judicious Physician . The signs are paleness of the Face , shortness of breath , palpitation of the Heart , and often apressing pain of it , accompanied ( for the most part ) with a lingring Fever , either continual , or intermitting , or compounded of both , in which the Urine is crude or watry ; at length there is a weariness of the universal Body , which in some doth pine and become lean , but in others the Body doth swell , and is turgid . If this Disease be not helpt in time , it will become by degrees so stubborn and rebellious , that it will puzzle the wisest and most experienced Physicians to cure it ; for by the long continuance thereof , phlegm becometh very tough and glutinous , on which all Chronical , or prolong'd Diseases depend ; besides , all the other humours are by degrees vitiated , which incorporate with the Bloud , and diminish its effervescency , so that the separation and excretion of the excrementitious parts ( to be voided together with Urine ) do not follow , from whence many grievous symptoms succeed , which oft proves mortal . The cure of every Cachexie will consist in the correction and amendment of the Bloud any way vitiated . If flegm be tough and glutinous , it must be corrected and evacuated , for which there are variety of choice medicines prescrib'd in the fourth page , of the cure of diseases of the Head ; in the use whereof you must persevere for some time , or else the laudable success , and happy wisht for cure will be expected in vain . Any other humours that are peccant in quality ( by which the bloud is vitiated ) must be alter'd and reduc'd to their natural Constitution by selected Medicines , which will amend and empty them out by degrees . In the interim good Food ( which is easie of digestion , and wholsome nourishment ) must not be neglected , whereby nature may be cherished , and health by degrees procured . Those Medicines which are prescrib'd for the Cure of the Dropsie and Scurvy , are proper for this Disease , wherefore I shall forbear prescriptions here . CHAP. XIII . Of Dropsies . THE Dropsie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aqua , quod nomen sumpsit ab aquoso humore Cutis . The Ancients have assigned three sorts of Dropsies . 1. The first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 uter , pellis . 'T is called in Latin aqua intercus , ex inter & cutis , because the Water is between the Skin and the Flesh. This is the most proper Dropsie , in which the Abdomen , Secrets , Thighs and Legs are affected . 2. The second is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod tumor est ad similitudinem tympani , vel tympani sonum referens . As this is the most rare , so 't is the most cruel and afflictive . 3. The third is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 per , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 caro , quod hydrops toto corpore diffusus ; It is also called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 album , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , phlegma vel pituita ; because it is caused of white Phlegm gathered in all parts of the Body . Some Authours make a difference between Anasarca , and Leucophlegmatia ; that Anasarca is caused by a serous humour , and Leucophlegmatia by a phlegmatick and more viscous humour ; but all Dropsies except Tympanies seem to me , to be little less than a distinction of degrees of one and the same Disease . The Ancients did take the Liver to be the chief part male-affected in these distempers ; but Helmont ( who was happy in a remedy to cure it ) doth severely reprove them , and is so bold to tax the whole Schools with the ignorance of Anatomical dissections ; he having inspected many Carcases of dropsical Persons ( of whom he makes distinct mention ) doth assert the Livers of them all no-way vitiated , and therefore he concludes the Liver faultless in dropsical affects ; and he derives the Cause of Dropsie to be an obstruction of the Kidneys with the Stone or Gravel ; and so the water which should be transferr'd through the Kidneys , to the Bladder , ( to be evacuated by pissing ) is forced into the Cavity of the Abdomen . But experience teacheth that Dropsies may be caused many ways ; wherefore I shall betake my self to a more evident description thereof . The causes of Dropsies are either external , or internal . The external Cause is the Constipation of the porous Skin , impeding transpiration , whereby the discharge of sweaty Vapours through the Habit of the Body is lessned and interrupted ; hence what moisture is usually carried off by sweating , doth rebound inwards , and condense into an Ichorous water , and is there ( by degrees ) aggravated and increased , through the hindrance of the necessary transpiration ; till at length a great quantity of water is accumulated , and stagnating in the affected parts , in time may work farther alterations on the subjected Bowels . Matter of fact hath evinced this to me , having cured several Hydropical patients onely by sweating , and external applications . The internal Cause of the Dropsie , may be over viscous Chyle , or Phlegm of the Guts , coagulated in the lacteal Veins , and causing an obstruction in more or fewer of their Branches , so that the Liquour rising either from the continual Conflux of Choler , the Juice of the Pancreas , and the Phlegm of Spittle ; or else from Chyle , or from drink plentifully drunk , being stopt and intercepted in its motion , it doth by degrees more and more distend the Vessels , that at length they burst ; and the moisture receiv'd into them , is poured out between the Membranes of the Mesentery , and presently after into the Cavity of the Abdomen . This disease is sometimes suddenly produc'd by much drinking in a burning Fever , join'd with an urgent and permanent Thirst. After the same manner ( though difficult to be known ) may a Dropsie of the Breast be caused , viz. by an obstruction of the lateral Lymphatick Vessels , by glutinous Phlegm carried together with Lympha into the said Vessels , and there coagulated , by which the motion of Lympha is hindred , so that the Lymphatick vessels being much distended , by the great quantity of Lympha gathered in them , at length they burst , and the Lympha piercing ( through the Pleura ) into the Cavity of the Breast , procureth a Dropsie in it . The cause of a Tympany is wind , together with a serous humour piercing through the Guts into the Cavity of the Belly , and being there detained , it is more and more rarified , by which the Peritonaeum is not onely expanded , but the whole Abdomen inflated , and violently distended . The signs of Ascites , are swelling and fluctuation of the Belly , difficult breathing , a dry Cough accompanied sometimes with a symptomatical Fever , and great Thirst. The signs of Anasarca are weakness , faintness , and swelling of the whole Body , which being pressed with the Finger , it doth p●t , and leave an impression , breathing is also difficult , with a continual Fever . In a Tympany the Belly is distended , and being struck upon , there is a noise like a little Drum. 1. Every Dropsie is difficult of Curation , especially if it hath been of long continuance . 2. If the Hydropical persons have a good digestion , and void more moisture both by stool and urine , than they either eat or drink , it is a hopefull sign of recovery , & e contra . Dropsies may be cured by strong Hydragogues , Sudorificks , and Bathing , and sometimes by a Paracenthesis or boring the Belly . The Best Hydragogues are prepared of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Jallop-roots , Elaterium , Gum-gutty , Crystals of Silver , &c. of which you may prepare purging Infusions , Pills , &c. for example . Take the Roots of Flower-de-luce , Dwarf-Elder , Madder , Liquorish , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce . the tops of Saint John's wort , Centaury the less , Agrimony , the best Senna , of each one handfull ; the Barks of Capers , Ash , Tamarisk , Cinamon , of each six drachms ; Flowers of Beans , Elder , Dwarf-elder , Broom , of each half a handfull ; seeds of sweet Fennel , Parsley , Gromwell , Juniper-Berries , of each one ounce and half ; Cloves , Salt of Tartar , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine , for two or three days ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , six ounces ; mix it , and give four ounces of it in the morning fasting . If any like Pills better , I commend the following . Take the Resins of Jallop , and Scammony , Tartar vitriolated , Mercur. dulcis , of each half a drachm ; Oil of Juniper one scruple ; make it into Pills with Venice-Turpentine , of which you may give twenty grains at a time , in the morning fasting . The following Pills are also very effectual . Take of Elaterium , Gambogia , Resin of Jallop , of each ten grains ; Oil of Nutmegs six drops ; make it into Pills with Venice-Turpentine for two doses . The obstructions in the Lacteal veins , or Lymphatick vessels , may be cur'd by Medicines that do powerfully cut , and happily open the said obstructions . This Aromatick Sudorifick may be commended for these intentions . Take the waters of Treacle , Scurvigrass , Fennel , of each one ounce ; waters of Parsley , Fumitory , of each two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar half an ounce ; Syrups of the juice of Carduus , and the five opening Roots , of each six drachms ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Salt of Amber , Beans , Worm-wood , of each one scruple ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack , Niter , of each twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it every two or three hours . After the Vessels are freed from the noted obstruction by the medicines before-mention'd , or such like ; they will be easily consolidated again by conglutinating food , in which you may boyle the Roots of Comfry , Plantain , and Solomon's Seal , for the more quick and easie cure . In a Tympany , the dulcifi'd Spirit of Niter is excellent , being taken in Broth or Sack , three or four times in a day , from six to twelve drops at a time , for it doth correct both Phlegm and Choler , and hinder Wind in its rise , and dissipate it when it is bred . Also the following exemplary Julep doth curb and discuss Wind , remaining as well in the Stomach as Guts . Take the Waters of Mint , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Syrup of the juice of Mints , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . eight grains ; Spirit of Niter one drachm ; Salt of Amber half a drachm ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; mix it , and take three or four spoonfulls every three hours . You may prepare a Medicinal Wine for the rich , very beneficial in Dropsies . Take the Seeds of Anise , Fennel , Caraway , Coriander , Berries of Bays , and Juniper , of each two ounces : Salt of Tartar half an ounce ; let them be bruised , and infused in three pints of White-wine , for three days , then strain it , and add Spirit of Niter half an ounce ; Salt of Amber two drachms ; Syrup of Mint three ounces ; mix it , and take four or five spoonfulls of it often . Sweating is very profitable in all Dropsies , either in Bed , with the forementioned Sudorifick , or in a Bag●io , or Hot-house , by which the water standing beside nature in any part of the Body , will ( by degrees ) be emptied through the pores of the Skin . Also it may be necessary , especially in persons more elderly , to use warm Baths . That which is prescrib'd for the cure of the Belly-ach in page 201 , 202. is also very profitable in Dropsies ; into the which it may be agreeable to descend at evening , before Bed-time , and there to continue so long as the Patient can well endure without fainting ; after which Frications may have their proper use , and great benefit . And to strengthen the cutaneous Fibres , and restore their true tone , for their better service of the offices of Nature : let the affected parts be anointed with the following fragrant Balsamick Ointment . Take of Flanders Oil of Bays , Nerve-oil , Oil of Earth-worms , of each two ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression , half an ounce ; mix it . Galen commendeth a Cataplasm of Snails bruised with their shells , and laid upon the Navel . But a Pultess prepar'd of the ingredients of the Bath , and applied to the affected parts , will be more effectual to discharge the Ichorous water . Or you may make a Cataplasm after this manner . Take the tops of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Vervain , Worm-wood , Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; Horse-radish-roots four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of the juice of Wild-cucumbers , till they are very tender , then strain it , and beat them very well , and add Barley-meal , one pound ; and with the same liquor boil it into the consistence of a Pultess . Let the Patients diet be drying , and let them drink moderately ; you may infuse Juniper-berries , Tamarisk and Elicampane-roots in their ordinary drink . And for the benefit of those Physicians and Chirurgeons , that live in the West-Indies ; there groweth ( almost every where in moist places ) a large Cane , much like the Sugar-cane ; the Planters generally call it the dumb Cane , because they that taste it , are presently dumb , and unable to speak for two or three hours ; after which the Tongue returns to its former use and volubility without any prejudice . The reason why this remarkeable Plant doth so affect the Tongue upon the touch of it , is its power of attracting such plenty of moisture into it , as doth distend all the Vessels thereof , and render it immoveable , till the crouded moisture be gradually discharged . Hence we may conjecture , and indeed experience teacheth , that of this Plant may be prepared diversity of medicines as Cataplasms , Oils , Ointments , &c. Which will be effectual to attract , and easily and kindly discharge the swollen part of the Ichorous water ; which may be used for some time after the evacuation of it , the better to prevent a farther accumulation , or return of the Disease . Likewise may medicines be prepared , ( by a skilfull Artist ) of this Plant , very effectual to be taken inwardly , not onely against Dropsies , but the Scurvy , Gout , &c. If these choice medicines are not to be had , and nothing be effected by other means ; A harmless Paracenthesis may be instituted in the Dropsie of the Breast , or Abdomen ; provided the Apertion be made by such a little hollow instrument as is describ'd in page 81 , 82. of the Cure of the Pleurisie , for by such a small wound , there is no danger to the sick . But this operation must not be delay'd , lest the humour collected , get an hurtfull Acrimony , and by degrees corrode and corrupt the Membrane , and hence the substance of all the parts contain'd , and so make the Disease incurable . CHAP. XIV . Of the Scurvy , and Hypochondriack Suffocation , commonly called the Fits of the Mother . THE Scurvy being a Hypochondriack disease , it will not be amiss to treat of them together . The Scurvy is called in Latin Scorbutus ; it is a Complication , or Concatenation of Diseases , generated by the Conjunction of divers Causes contributing to a scorbutick Deformity . The Scurvy is generated , or planted essentially in the vital Principles , or digestive Offices , and therefore it is not discerned by sense , but the effects are distributed throughout the Body , and are augmented more or less , according to the strength and debility of parts , to resist or consent and be depraved . The Hypochondriack suffocation is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel quod ad Hypochondria pertinet , vel sub cartilagine fita sit . It is called by the Latins Hypochondriaca melancholia . The Ancients thought that this was an uterine disease , in quibus mulieres uteri fuffocatione laborant ; and therefore it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin morbus Hystericus , vel Hysterica passio ; and in English 't is called Fits of the Mother ; it being most subject to Women , from the suppression of their monthly Courses . But because men are also molested with longing , and suffer often both the Sense and Disease of Suffocation , especially when they become Cachectick , or of ill habit of Body : and also they are cured with the same medicines , that Women are cured with , when they are vexed with this distemper , therefore I think this suffocation may be more properly called Hypochondriacal . It may be called the Mother of the Scurvy , because the vital Principles ( in this disease ) are seduced to declension and deviation from their rectitude , the digestive offices being all depraved . The causes of these diseases are either external , or internal . The external , are sometimes a sedentary studious , and melancholy life , by which the vital Principles do receive much prejudice , decay and fall off from their functions , and become languid and feeble ; also the Air being infested with noxious Vapours , is a procuring cause of these distempers ; for such Air being drawn into the Body by inspiration , doth commix with the spirits , and debilitate and deprave the faculties , from whence Scorbutick and Hypochondriack effects do ensue ; and as the Body is perspirable or impervious , these diseases are more or less varied , and remitted in their Symptoms ; and therefore the constipation of the pores , prohibiting transpiration , is a partial organical cause of preternatural Spots in the Scurvy , which appear chiefly upon the Thighs and Legs ; not from the gravity of the material cause , and ponderous propension of gross matter downwards ; but because those parts are more weak in their assimilation , being remote from supply of vital Spirits , therefore they have the first tokens of defection . The internal Cause is a vitious quality of all the humours , and also of the Animal spirits , which are confus'd with the bloud , and communicate their faultiness to it , by which the bloud is also vitiated , so that the nourishment of the Body is deprav'd several ways , according to the variety of the quality peccant ; in which the colour of the native Skin , and especially of the face languisheth , and is changed pale . In these diseases , not onely the appetite of food , but its fermentation is also deprav'd ; wherefore Anxieties about the Midriff and Hypochondries , and a pressing pain of the Heart will soon follow . For when the food is ill fermented , and driven forward through the small Gut , it is confus'd with the Juice of the Pancreas and Choler , which are a like vitious , the Pancreatick juice being too sharp and acrid , and the Bile over thick and salt ; from whence the separation of usefull and unusefull parts , is not onely corrupted , but also by the vitious Effervescency of these humours , are rais'd manifold halituous Vapours , which do not onely increase the fore describ'd Anxiety , but being carried to the Heart do breed a Palpitation of it , whence it circulates through the Lungs , and causeth a difficulty of breathing , and thence being driven every way , it causeth a weariness in all parts of the Body ; and if an Acrimony of the humours do concur , then it is manifested internally with pain . The cause of the inordinate effervescency of Bloud , in the Hypochondriack suffocation , is not onely the unequal flowing of Lympha , but also of the Liquour rising out of the threefold humours , vitiously effervescing in the small Gut , from whence vitious Vapours are sent to the right Ventricle of the Heart , and procure a great Confusion , and disturbance in it ; hence followeth a notable Palpitation of the Heart , by which sometimes the Effervescency of Bloud seemeth to cease in the right Ventricle for a time , with its motion and pulse , and also respiration is taken away to outward sense . The symptoms and signs of these diseases are very many , yet are never seen to concur in one and the same Body . The usual signs are pain of the Head , palpitation of the Heart , puffing up of the Stomach , Loathing , Vomiting , Belching , Hicket , Cough , Tumour and Putrefaction of the Gums , with much spitting ; looseness and blackness of the Teeth , and sometimes great pain in them ; the breath stinketh , and is sometimes fetched with much difficulty ; also Convulsions , Palsie , Gout , Dropsies , and all other obstructions ; sometimes the Colick , and trembling and looseness of the Lims , with red purple spots dispersed ; also the Pleurisie , pain of the Hypochondries , and also of many of the external parts , as the Neck , Arms , Hands , Thighs , Legs , Feet and Anckles , with laziness , and often faint sweats ; there is also sometimes malign Ulcers , dry hard Tubercles , Erisipelas and Edematous tumours with many others , which to enumerate , were to comprehend an universal Genus of Atomes , within a very narrow Limitation . 1. These diseases ( for the most part ) are of long continuance , and are seldom cured , and therefore may be called the disgrace of Physicians . 2. If the Patient hath a continual pain and giddiness of the Head , it doth threaten an Epilepsie , or Apoplexy . 3. The more aged the sick are , the more grievous are the Symptoms , and the more dangerous and difficult to be cured . 4. Vomiting , Flux of the Belly , and Hemorrhoids , if they are moderate , are hopefull signs of recovery . In some Regions , these diseases are complicated with most other distempers , or at least do easily degenerate into them , by which they are rendred the more difficult of curation . As for the Cure of these stubborn and rebellious diseases , the sick must observe a good diet , without which Physical means will profit but little ; and here we may also observe , that no Aliments , or Medicines ( whether altering or purging ) will be very profitable , unless specifick Antiscorbuticks be mixed with them . The best Antiscorbutick simples , are the Roots of Horse-radish , Butter-bur , Liquorish , Dandelion , Scorzonera , China , Zedoary , Angelica , Elicampane , Polypodium , the five opening Roots ; the Wood and Bark of Guiacum and Sassaphras , the Herbs Scordium , Scurvigrass , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Sorrel , Rue , Fennel , Golden-rod and Penny-royal ; Fruits of Oranges , Limmons , Pomcitrons , Pomgranates , Apples , &c. Seeds of Mustard , Angelica , Radish and Juniper-berries , cum-multis aliis ; of which may be prepared diversity of good medicines both Chymical and Galenical . The volatile Salts both of Animals , and Vegetables , are excellent to open all obstructions , and temper the humours ; Also Elixir proprietatis , the Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Horse-radish and Scurvigrass , the Spirit of Niter and of Salt dulcified , Salt of Steel , Wormwood , and Tartar , Oil of Juniper , Cloves , and Cinamon , are all Specifick Antiscorbuticks . The Hypochondriack suffocation having great affinity with the Scurvy , the same medicines are proper for both . The following Julep is both Diaphoretick , and Diuretick , and very profitable for the sick in these diseases , to be taken two or three days in a week . Take the Waters of Penny-royal , Scurvigrass , Treacle , Syrup of the juice of Fennel , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Castor , half an ounce ; Oils of Amber , Mace , and Cloves , of each six drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , twenty drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every two or three hours . This Electuary may also be prefer'd . Take of Conserves of Scurvigrass , three ounces ; Confectio Alkermes , half an ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , two drachms ; Flowers of Salt Armoniack , Tarter vitriolated , of each half a drachm ; Spirit of Castor one drachm ; Oil of Cloves twenty drops ; mix it , and give two drachms morning and evening . After the frequent use of this Electuary , you may purge with this Powder . Take Powder of Cream of Tartar , half a drachm ; Salts of Wormwood , Amber , Scurvigrass , Resin of Scammony , of each ten grains ; mix it for two doses . If the Patient like Pills better , these may serve . For Example . Take Extract . Catholicon , Rudii , of each ten grains ; Resin of Jallop , Agarick , Salt Armoniack , of each six grains ; Oils of Amber , Cloves , of each two drops ; make it into eight Pills , for two doses . A Medicinal Wine may be prepar'd very effectual in these distempers . Take of Water-cresses , Brook-lime , Scurvigrass , Rue , of each one handfull ; Roots of Polypodium , Jallop , Horse-radish , Angelica , Cream of Tartar , of each half an ounce ; white Nettle-seed , one ounce ; Orange-peel , Cinamon , Salt of Tartar , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused , in three quarts of White-wine , for two or three days , then strain it , and give four spoonfulls in the morning fasting . In the Hypochondriack suffocation , you may often hold to the Nostrils , a glass with a narrow mouth , containing the Spirit of Salt Armoniack ; for by its sharp smell , the sick for the most part are wont to be rais'd , both from that suffocation , and from the Epilepsie . If the Gums are putrified , let the mouth be washed with the following Tincture , mixed with some Plantain water , and Syrup of Mulberries . Take Powder of Gum Lacca , one ounce ; burnt Alome half an ounce ; the small Spirit of Salt Armoniack , one quart ; let them digest together 'till it be of a red colour , then filtrate it through brown paper , and keep it for use . If the sick hath a costive Body , you may administer a Carminative Clyster once or twice a week . In pains of the Belly and Hypochondries , this linament is effectual . Take Oils of Earth-worms , Scurvigrass , Chamomel , of each one ounce ; Oil of Mace by expression half an ounce ; mix it , with which anoint the parts affected . This Antiscorbutick water will be very profitable , to be taken two or three spoonfulls at a time , morning and evening . Take the Barks of Ash , and Capers , the Roots of Tamarisk , Polypodium , Horse-radish , of each three ounces ; Water-cresses , Scurvigrass , Brook-lime , Sorrel , Centaury the less , Harts tongue , of each four handfulls ; Berries of Bays and Juniper , Goose-dung , of each one ounce ; the Seeds of Citrons , Mustard , Carduus benedictus , Cloves , Cinamon , Nutmegs , Ginger , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and digested , in one Gallon of White-wine , and two quarts of Spirit of wine , being close covered for three days ; then distill them with a glass Still according to art , and keep it for your use . Frictions , Ligatures , Ventoses , Sternutatories , &c. are all profitable to stir up the sick in the Hypochondriack suffocation . CHAP. XV. Of the Green-sickness , and Suppression of the Courses . THE Green-sickness is called in Latin Icteris , & Febris alba ; In English the Virgin 's Disease , the White Fever , and the White Jaundice ; because in this disease the native colour of the Face is pale . This disease is caused either from defect of Bloud , or it proceedeth from plenty of crude , viscous , phlegmatick humours , obstructing the veins about the Womb , by which the courses are supprest ; the veins of the Matrix being obstructed , that superfluous Bloud which nature hath ordained to be evacuated that way , having not passage , doth return to the greater Vessels , and is circulated with the whole mass of Bloud and humours , by which they are in time vitiated , and a Cachexie or ill habit of body is thence caused ; for the Bloud and natural humours , being indued with a vitious quality , the nourishment of all the parts of the body will be deprav'd several ways , according to the variety of the quality peccant ; whence likewise not onely the fermentation of Food , but also the Appetite of it is deprav'd ; wherefore Anxieties and Palpitation of the Heart , &c. troubleth the sick , as well before as after Food taken in . This distemper may be also caused by external coldness of the air , &c. and sometimes great fear , and sudden shame may be the cause of the suppression ; also aliments , and medicaments that are too astringent taken inwardly . In these diseases the Urine cometh away crude , thick and less colour'd , because the phlegmatick , watry humours abounding , incorporating with the Bloud , do diminish the desired effervescency ; so that the separation , much less excretion of the excrementitious parts , to be voided together with Urine , doth not follow . If the Hypochondries be afflicted , and the veins of the Womb obstructed , there will be great loathing of wholsome Food , and a desire after those things which ought not to be eaten , as Ashes , Salt , Coals , &c. which is called Pica , and in Women with Child Malacia , of which we have hinted in the Chapter of Hungar Vitiated , page 145 , 146. 1. These distempers are sometimes of long continuance , causing much weakness , and oft times barrenness in them that have been so afflicted : and if they do conceive , they bring forth weak and sickly Children , and those that are very melancholy , are in danger of falling into madness , or other grievous affects , as Palpitation of the Heart , Swouning , Vertigo , Epilepsie , Apoplexy , &c. 2. If the obstruction be onely of the vessels of the Womb , and have not been o● long continuance , it may be easily cur'd . 3. Bleeding at the Nose , is sometimes beneficial , but if the Bloud doth disburthen it self by the Eyes , Ears , Mouth , or Bladder , it is preposterous , from whence may arise other bad Symptoms . In the cure of these distempers such medicines are to be selected , which will mildly ( and by degrees ) alter , correct and evacuate , tough and glutinous Phlegm , seeing that all prolong'd diseases depend on it , either wholly , or at least in part ; for by the frequent use of such medicines , the Bloud and peccant humours will be the easier reduc'd to their natural constitution ; especially by the help of good Food , easy of digestion : in the mean while , not neglecting the moderate use of the rest of the nonnatural things . An obstruction of the Vessels by viscous Phlegm , may be cur'd by the frequent use of such medicines as have power to loosen the peccant humours , and again make them fluid . All fixt metallick and mineral Sulphurs , and also volatile Salts , prepar'd not onely of several parts of Animals , but also of scorbutick Plants , ( such as are the juice of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , Garden and Water-cresses , Dandelion , &c. ) conduce before all others , to loosen and dissolve Phlegm coagulated , or Bloud clotter'd , as having an egregious power of dissolving all things coagulated , and conglutinated in humane bodies , and of reducing the same to their wonted fluidity , and moreover to move sweat , which together being mildly promoted , the desired dissolution of the aforesaid viscous humours , &c. will be obtained much easier , and sooner . An example of such a Sudorifick I have here set down for the sake of young Practitioners . Take the Waters of Treacle , Dandelion , Parsley , Scurvigrass , Fennel , Syrups of Hedge-mustard , white Poppies , of each half an ounce ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Harts-horn , of each ten drops ; Laudanum opiatum , four grains ; mix it . The following is also very effectual . Take the Waters of Fennel , Hyssop , of each two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar six drachms ; the Carminative-water of Sylvius half an ounce ; Syrup of the five opening Roots one ounce and half ; Powder of Crabs-eyes one drachm ; Sperma Coeti , Mummy , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each one scruple ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it . Let the sick often take two spoonfulls of either of these mixtures , especially in bed , to promote the power of the medicine , and to facilitate a sweat ; by the help whereof the mention'd power of the Sudorifick will the better come to the place of obstruction , and will attenuate , loosen , and make fluid the matter obstructing ; the whole Mass of Bloud will also become more fluid and moveable , being rarefi'd by the volatile Salt of the medicine . If the Patient be plethorick , let the Saphaena vein be opened , for by opening and breathing a Vein , the motion and circulation of the Bloud will be the better restor'd ; for a larger space being made for the universal Bloud , it will circulate more swiftly and potently . The phlegmatick viscous humours must be corrected , and evacuated by Phlegmagogues . The following medicines are of great efficacy . Take of Salts of Mugwort , Ash , Amber , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , white Sugar-candy , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give it in white Wine in the morning fasting . The next day you may administer the following Pills . Take of pil . foetidae , ex duobus , of each half a drachm ; Amber , prepar'd Steel , Borax , Mercur. Dulcis , of each one scruple ; Mirrh , Castor , Saffron , of each twelve grains ; Oil of Cloves , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each six drops ; make it into ten Pills for two doses , which may be taken in the Morning fasting . If a medicinal Wine be acceptable to the sick , the following or one like it may be used . Take the Roots of Horse-radish , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Savin , Vervain , Penny-royal , Hyssop , Calamint , Mugwort , of each one handfull ; Senna , Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seeds , Juniper-berries , Orange-peel , Liquorish , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in one Gallon of White-wine for three days , then strain it , and keep it for use . You may add more wine to the ingredients so long as there is any Aromatick taste . Four or five spoonfulls of this Wine may be taken two or three times a day , with which you may mix Salt of Tartar vitriolated ten grains ; Elixir proprietatis six drops . If you expect a laudable success , you must persevere awhile in the use of these , or such like medicines . CHAP. XVI . Of the immoderate menstrual Flux , and the Whites in Women . THE monthly terms being immoderate , may be called in Latin mensium fluxus immodicus . And the Whites in Women Albae mulierum fluxiones . The causes of too many Courses are either external , or internal . The external Causes may be by an Ulcer in the Matrix , or some outward Violence , and sometimes by too much Coition . The internal Causes are either a sharp serous humour abounding in the Bloud , increasing its fluidity , or else an over great heat in the Womb , stirring up a more potent , and therefore a swifter rarefaction of Bloud , provoking an expulsion of it , either by breaking , ( or some other preternatural opening ) of the vessels of the Womb. The white Flux of the Womb , is an excrementitious humour flowing from it . This distemper is subject not onely to Women , but sometimes to Maids also . These humours may be bred in the Womb , either by a cold or hot distemper therein . The cold doth render it unable to digest its nourishment . A hot Distemper corrupteth it , hence cometh this excrementitious humour . Also Abortion , Contusion , Inflammation , Imposthume or Ulcer in the Womb , may weaken and dispose it to breed such humours . The signs that distinguish between this Distemper , and an Ulcer in the Womb , and Gonorrhoea , are these . 1. If there be an Ulcer there , the Womb will not admit of Coition , without pain , and the matter which floweth from her is stringy , and more digested , and sometimes bloudy . 2. In the Gonorrhoea , the seminal matter cometh in a small quantity , and seldom , except it be gotten by acting with an unclean Person , then the Urine is sharp , with many other malignant Symptoms . All long Hemorrhagies of Bloud are dangerous , especially those of the Womb ; If it be caused by exulceration , and be in elderly Women , 't is incurable . The white Flux is not very dangerous , but is often difficult of curation , especially in old Women , because they abound with Phlegm ; and 't is hard to divert the humours from this Chanel , it being the sink of the body , through which the superfluous humours of a healthy Woman are every month evacuated . If this distemper continue long , it may breed great evils , as Barrenness , Falling out of the Womb , &c. These diseases may be both cured by the same medicines . If the courses have continued too long , the following mixture will soon stop the flux of Bloud , and will cure most ruptions of vessels . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Mirtles , Quinces , of each one ounce and half ; distill'd Vinegar one ounce ; red Coral prepar'd one drachm ; Dragons Bloud one scruple ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every four hours . When the flux of Bloud is stopt , you may purge with the following . Take of Manna one ounce ; Powder of Rhubarb tosted , Cream of Tartar , of each half a drachm ; Resin of Jallop four grains ; mix it , and take it in broth . If the Patient like Pills , I commend the following . Take Resins of Jallop and Scammony , extract of Rhubarb , Agarick , Salt of Amber , Powder of Dragons-bloud , of each ten grains ; Oil of Mints six drops ; with Syrup of Rhubarb , let it be made into twelve Pills for three doses . After purging , these Astringents will be profitable . Take of Cinamon , the Roots of Bistort , Tormentile , Rhubarb , Seeds of Plantain , Dill , Flowers of red Roses , Balaustins , red Coral , sealed Earth , whitest Amber , Harts-horn , Gum-dragon and Arabick , of each two drachms ; Saccharum Saturni , Dragons-bloud , Salt Prunella , of each two scruples ; Laudanum opiat . Camphire , of each ten grains ; let them be all finely powder'd and searced , and with Honey of red Roses , Syrups of Quinces and Comfry , of each equal parts ; let it be made into an Electuary according to Art. Let the sick take the quantity of a Nutmeg of this Electuary , every morning and evening , either upon the point of a knife , or dissolve it in two or three ounces of red Wine , to which you may add a few drops of Tincture of red Coral , and drink it . This Julep is also of great virtue . Take the Waters of Comfry , Plantain , Oak-buds , Knot-grass , red Wine , of each four ounces ; in which infuse red Rose-buds , Balaustins , Flowers of Comfry , Bugloss , of each one handfull , for the space of twenty four hours , then boil it gently for half an hour ; strain it , and add Tincture of red Coral , Syrups of dried Roses , Comfry and Mirtles , of each two ounces ; Oil of Vitriol twenty drops ; mix it , and take six spoonfulls every three hours . Let the Region of the Womb be anointed with this Linament . Take Vnguent . Comitissoe , Oil of Mirtles , of each one ounce ; Saccharum Saturni one drachm ; Camphire ten grains ; mix it . After the part is anointed , let this Plaster be applied . Take the Plaster against Ruptures , Diapalma , of each one ounce ; the carminative Plaster of Sylvius half an ounce ; mix it , and spread it on leather , and apply to the region of the Womb. In the Whites , let this be used for a Fume . Take of Olibanum , Amber , Cloves , of each half a drachm ; red Rose-buds , Balaustins , of each two drachms ; beat them all together into a gross powder ; put a little of it at a time upon a pan of coles , and let the Woman sit over it . CHAP. XVII . Of the Falling Down of the Womb and Fundament . IF the Womb falleth down , it may be called in Latin Procidentia Matricis . So likewise if the Fundament cometh down , it is called Procidentia Ani. The Causes of these distempers are either External or Internal . The External Causes may be any violent exercise , with much striving , also falls or blows , on those parts ; also bathing in cold water , &c. The Internal Causes are serous and phlegmatick humours , a Dysentery with a Tenasmus , the Whites continuing long , a violent drawing the Child , or After-birth out of the Womb ; also much Sneezing or Coughing , especially in Child-bed ; to conclude , all things that may cause a Rupture or relaxation of the Ligaments of the Womb , or sphincter Muscle of the Anus , may be the cause of these griefs . In a Procidentia Ani , there is always a mucous and purulent dejection , from a phlegmatick , viscous , and sometimes also a sharp acid humour adjoining about the seige , which often causeth a troublesome Ulcer by fretting . In young people these distempers may be easily cur'd , if they have not continued long , and do not come very far out , and be not ulcerated . But if there be a Rupture of the Ligaments of the Womb , it is incurable ; likewise great pain and inflammation are very difficult ; and if either the Matrix or Anus be Gangrenated it is mortal , without speedy amputation . You must begin the Cure with removing the symptoms and discharging the Guts of their Excrements , either with Clysters or Lenitives . Then anoint the part with some astringent Oils , and endeavour to reduce it gently by degrees . The manner of the reduction every ingenious Artist knows , and therefore needs not any directions . When the Womb is reduc'd it may be kept with a Pessary fram'd of Cork as thick as necessary , and cover'd with Wax mixed with a little Castor , and Assafoetida , which may there continue . If there be pain and inflammation , let the part be bathed with this . Take the Flowers of Chamomel , Elder , of each one handfull ; Marsh-mallow-roots one ounce ; Seeds of Flax and Foenugreek , of each half an ounce ; boil it in two quarts of Milk till half be consumed , then strain it , and add Malaga Wine one pint ; mix it . Let Stuphs be moistned in this and wrung out and applied hot ; after which apply a Plaster of ad herniam to the lower part of the Belly . Before you reduce the Anus , anoint it with Oil of Mirtles and bestrew it with Powder of Album Graecum , or the following . Take of red Roses , Pomgranat-rinds , Cypress-nuts , Mastick , Crocus Martis , burnt Lead , of each half an ounce ; beat them all into a fine powder . A Bag quilted with the following astringents , and applied hot to either griev'd part three times a day , will conduce much to keep it up . Take of Plantain , Sanicle , Buds of Oak and Medlar , red Rose-buds , Balaustins , of each one handfull ; Roots of Comfry , Tormentil , Bistort , Cypress-nuts , Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , of each one ounce ; beat them all into a gross powder . Inwardly may be given Astringents and Strengthners , but not in time of the courses ; those prescrib'd against the immoderate flowing of the Terms are good . CHAP. XVIII . Of Barrenness . BArrenness is called in Latin Sterilitas . It may be called in English Unfruitfullness , it being an impotency of Conception . We reade in the Scripture that the Women of old did think it a reproach to be Childless ; and therefore when Elizabeth had conceived who before was Barren , she said the Lord hath taken away my reproach among Men ; as you may reade at large in the first Chapter of Luke's Gospel . Very few Women in a Marriage state but desire Children , yea some would give all they have in the world for a Child , and are very impatient if they do not Conceive . Rachel said to Jacob in Gen. 30 ver . 1. give me Children , or else I dye . I will now briefly shew you , what may be the cause of Sterility . 1. First , want of Love between a Man and his Wife , way hinder Conception . 2. Any malignant distemper in the womb , may corrupt the Seed , and be the cause of Barrenness . Some are of opinion that Witch-craft may be the cause . But to conclude , the Whites or any moist distemper of the Matrix , may be the cause of Barrenness . Sometimes the cause is in the Man , for if he doth want Sperm , or is unable to erect his Genital by reason of any weakness or distemper in his Secrets ; or if he be effeminate and taketh little or no delight in the act of Venery , he is not fit for Venus School . There are some Rules left by the Ancients to try whether a Woman be naturally Barren or no. Hippocrates adviseth to put a Clove of Garlick or a little Galbanum into her Womb , and if her Breath do smell of it , be sure she is fruitfull . If Barrenness be caused by any Disease afflicting either the man or the woman , then there may be hopes of Conception when health is procured ; but if it be evil shape of of the members in the woman , or the man not fit for Venus-School , patientia est optima virtus . In the cure , you must endeavour to remove whatsoever hindreth Conception . Many things are antipathetical to secundity , as Jet , Glow-worms , Saphires , Smaragds , the Matrix of a Goat or Mule , likewise Vinegar , Mints , Watercresses , Beans , &c. all which I advise you to avoid , and make use of those things which have a peculiar virtue to help or cause Conception , and remove Barrenness . The After-birth of a Woman dried and powdred , and taken often a drachm at a time ; also the Stones and Liver of a Bore-pig , the Juice of Sage , the Roots of Satirion and Eringo candied , are all good . There are many medicines prescrib'd in Authours to help Conception . Quercetanus doth commend this infusion . Take the Matrix of a Hare and the Stones of a Ram prepar'd with Whitewine , of Cinamon , Ginger , Mace , Cloves , Seeds of Bishops-weed , of each half an ounce ; Saffron two drachms ; Kernels of Fistick-nuts one ounce ; let them be all bruised and infused in a quart of Muskadel-wine for two or three days ; then strain it , and add more Wine to the ingredients for a second infusion . The following Electuary is also excellent . Take the Roots of Satirion and Eringo candied , of each one ounce ; candied Ginger and preserv'd Nutmegs , of each two drachms ; Kernels of Hazle-nuts and Fistick-nuts , of each half an ounce ; Powder of a Bull's-pizle , of Ivory , Seeds of Rocket , Bishops-weed , of each one drachm ; Species Diambrae , Diamosc . dulcis , of each six drachms ; Confectio Alkermes one ounce and half ; with Syrup of the juice of Citrons ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. Let the Woman take the quantity of a Nutmeg of it every night going to bed , and drink a glass of Sack or Muskadel , or of the aforementioned Infusion after it . If a cold and moist distemper of the Body and Womb , accompanied with the Whites be the cause , look for the cure in its proper Chapter . If it be caused by Witchcraft , there are some things commended by Authours to be worn about the party against Fascination , viz. the Pizle of a Wolf , a Diamond , a Jacinth-stone , Rue , Squills , Sea-holly , Sagapenum , Amara dulcis , Hypericon , &c. But above all , let fervent and devout Prayers be put up to the Throne of grace for help ; and reject and despise Incantations or Charms , and all other Diabolical means . CHAP. XIX . Of Abortion or Miscarriage . ABortion is called in Latin Abortus , vel intempestivus foetus . Because it is an untimely Birth ; the Child being brought forth , either dead or alive before its fit time of deliverance . This is the worst Symptom , that attends breeding Women . It may happen from the first Moment of Conception , to the end of the sixth Month ; but it is most usual in the end of the third , or the beginning of the fourth Month. The causes are either external , or internal . The external Causes are a great excess in things nonnatural , as too great Anger , Fear , and other Passions , or else it may be through defect ; for if the Mother undergo Penury or Famine , or lose much Bloud , the Child wanteth Nourishment . Many times things longed for , and not obtained , kill the Child . Also strong purging Medicines , that provoke the terms , and all fetid smells , falls , blows , lifting , carrying , dancing , running , riding or any other outward violence , may be the Cause of Abortion . The internal Causes may be the depravedness of the humours , by which the Mass of Bloud becometh vitious ; also Acute or Chronick diseases , especially of the Womb ; and also violent Coughing , Sneezing , Vomiting , Convulsions and Fluxes of the Belly , may loosen the Ligaments of the Womb , and so cause miscarriage . The signs of Abortion at hand , are great pain about the Loins , and Share-bones , sometimes with shivering ; the Breasts growing little and flaggy , the Situation of the Child changed towards the Bottom of the Belly , with a bearing down , and evacuation of Bloud , &c. 1. Women who have moist and slippery Wombs are most subject to miscarry , but with little danger , except it be the first Child , and that very big . 2. Much bleeding , with fainting , raving , or Convulsions is for the most part mortal . To prevent Abortion ; if there be an evil disposition of the Body , or Womb , you must endeavour to remove it ; if the Woman hath a plethorick Body , let a Vein be opened in the Arme , especially in the first six months . If ill humours abound , purge often with gentle means . This purging Infusion may serve . Take of Cinamon , Rhubarb , Anise-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised , and infused in four ounces of Plantain-water very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , the best Manna , of each half an ounce ; mix it , and give it in the Morning fasting . Also the Pills prescrib'd in page 240. may be used in this case . If the Woman be troubled with a Rheumatick distemper , accompanied with Wind ; and if she be pretty strong , you may sweat her gently sometimes with this or such like Cordial Diaphoretick . Take the Waters of Treacle , Carduus , Fennel , of each one ounce ; Cinamon-water two drachms ; Syrups of the Juice of Carduus , Coral , of each half an ounce ; Confectio de Hyacintho half a drachm ; Spirit of Niter six drops ; Oil of Cinamon two drops ; Laudanum opiatum three grains ; mix it , and give to provoke sweat . Let the Womb be strengthned with Cordial Astringents : Those prescrib'd in page 239.240 . are excellent . CHAP. XX. Of hard Travel in Child-birth . HArd labour may be called in Latin partus , vel enixus laboriosus ; quod ipse nitendi & pariendi actus . The time of a natural Birth ought to be accomplished in the space of twenty four hours ; if the Womans travel continue longer time with vehement pains and dangerous Symptoms , it may be called hard labour , or difficult Travel in Child-birth . There are various Causes of hard Labour , sometimes tender Women by reason of pain , are very fearfull , and do endeavour to hinder pains , and consequently the Birth also . Sometimes the Child being weak or dead , and not following the Water in Due-time , before the passage be too dry may be the Cause ; especially if the Mother be weak , by reason of any Disease afflicting her , or by too much Evacuation of Bloud , or there be not sufficient Motion of the Womb , and Muscles of the Belly . Sometimes the Child's head may be too big , or the passage too strait . Also the Child may be turned in the Womb , and the Hands , Shoulders , Back , Belly , or Buttocks , &c. may come forward to the Birth , and then the endeavour to bring forth will be painfull and difficult . The signs of hard Labour are easily known ; if the Child do stir , and there be strong pains , and no water appear , the Secundine is strong . If pains be weak , and long before they return , and more in the Back than Belly , the Infant is weak . If the Woman be little , and her Husband big and full shouldred , then there is a great Child , which will cause tough work . 1. Hard travel in Child-birth is very dangerous , for sometimes the Mother , sometimes the Child , and many times both do lose their Lives . 2. If the Woman be in Travel above four days , the Child can hardly be alive ; and therefore must be drawn away before it be too late ; for if it be neglected , it will cause Fevers , Faintings , Convulsions , Sleepiness , &c. which are the Forerunners of Death . 3. If sneezing cometh of its own accord , it is a good sign of deliverance . First give this Cordial to strengthen both the Mother and Child . Take Waters of Baum , Vervain , Cinamon , of each two ounces ; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers , Saffron , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Saffron , Confectio Alkermes , of each one drachm ; mix it . If the Child be situated on Os pubis , it must be removed , and all other unfit Postures must be rectified . Then such things as hasten the Birth may be safely administred . To encrease the Pains , and further the Womans Labour , I commend sneezing , and also the following Medicines . Take the Livers of Eels prepar'd with Cinamon-water , and dried , one drachm ; Powder of Borax , whitest Amber , Mirrh , Saffron , Dittany of Crete , round Birth-wort , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give a Scruple of it at a time , in three spoonfulls of this Julep . Take the Waters of Vervain , Mugwort , of each two ounces ; Syrup of Saffron one ounce ; Confectio Alkermes one drachm ; Extract of Saffron six grains ; Oils of Cinamon ; Amber , of each three drops ; mix it . Some things have a peculiar property to help the Birth ; as the stone Aetites , Loadstone , Storax , the Eyes of a Hare , &c. held near the privities . The time being come , the Woman must be put into a posture , ( which every Midwife doth understand ) and let her not labour too much , till strong pains come ; and then let her resolve on patience , and not be disorderly in the time of her Travel . If she be faint , you may give her some of the formention'd Cordial Julep to comfort her . Let your hands be anointed with some Anodine Ointment . After the water is broke , if the Head cometh with the Face towards Anus receive it ; if not endeavour to place it right : Then turn your Finger round about the Child's head gently , to make way for the Birth . If the Child cometh any other way , you must endeavour to gain the Feet , and bring it away with the Face towards Anus , as before mention'd . The Child being born , you must bring away the Secundine gently by degrees , after which put a Closure to the Woman to prevent Cold from entring the Womb. Then prepare her for the bed , and give her some Sperma Caeti , or Irish-slate in a little burnt White-wine with Cinamon . If the Woman doth flood much , or be troubled with after-pains , give her some of the following Cordial Opiate . Take of small Cinamon-water , the waters of red Poppies , Baum , of each two ounces ; Syrups of Clove-gilliflowers , white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Oil of Cinamon two drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls of it often . If the Child be born alive , after the Navel string is secured , give the Child ten grains of prepar'd Coral in a little Breast milk , or black Cherry-water dulcifi'd with Syrup of Peony , to which you may add a little Oil of sweet Almonds new drawn . If the Child be troubled with gripes , you may give it a little Powder of Anise-seed in the Pap. But if the Child be dead , and the Labour gone ; or if the Child's head be very big , and the passage too strait ; so that the Midwife cannot doe her Office ; you must then speedily implore the help of the Man-midwife , as we are called . If a Woman in Child-bed hath a costive Body , give her a Suppository of Castile-soap , or Honey boiled ; and after three or four days , you may administer , an emollient , carminative Clyster . If a Woman ( after hard Travel ) cannot hold her Urine , bathe her secret Parts and Region of the Womb with this or the like Decoction . Take of Plantain , Comfry , Shepherds-purse , Tops of Brambles , Penny-royal , Rosemary , Sage , Stoechas , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Gallon of Smiths-water , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and bathe the parts affected very warm with woollen Stuphs . Afterward anoint the grieved parts with this Linament . Take the Ointment Comitissae , Oil of Mace by expression , of each one ounce ; Oils of Earth-worms , Foxes , Lillies , Goose-grease , of each half an ounce ; mix it . CHAP. XXI . Of Nephritick pains , and of the Stone in the Reins and Bladder . DIseases of the Reins are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ren. In Latin they are called morbus Renum , which comprehends not onely any Ach in the Kidneys , but also the Stone and Gravel in the Reins . Nephritick pains may be caused divers ways . 1. First by a sharp salt matter , or a sharp and serous Lympha in the Kidneys , which doth easily concrete into a Stone , especially when the Ferment of the Reins is much vitiated ; which may be known by those cruel torturing Fits , that come by intervals . 2. Worms in the Kidneys , which for the most part arise from Bloud there corrupted , may be the cause of pain . 3. An Abcess or Tumour in the Kidneys , following an Inflammation , doth hinder the passage of Urine , and is always accompanied with great pain . 4. It may also be caused by glutinous Phlegm , obstructing the fleshy parts of the Kidneys , and hindring the separation of Urine ; so that it is not strein'd into the Funnels of the Reins as usual , but is deprav'd and vitiated : Whence the natural descent of the Urine , through the Ureters into the urinal Bladder is also hindred . The same also may happen sometimes by a stone sticking in the Funnel , and stopping the entrance of the Ureters . Although I think that Stones sticking in the Ureters themselves , cannot long hinder the passage of Urine ; because it hath been found by experience , ( in dissecting of dead Bodies ) that Stones near the bigness of a Doves-egg ; have been sticking in the Ureters ; by the sides of which Stones , Urine descended freely , which was evident , because the Ureter was no were distended , unless where the Stone did stick : Neither was there any Urine contain'd in the Ureter , above the obstruction ; besides when the Party was living , there was no stoppage of Urine . Those fits which come by intervals , are caused by a debility or vitiousness of the Ferment of the Kidneys , which generates crude , salt and sharp matter , which causeth those cruel Tortures ; and should all the Gravel and Stone come away , the pain would not be the less , untill the Kidneys themselves be reduc'd to their right temper : For many in perfect health have voided much Gravel at a time without the least pain , and therefore it is evident that Gravel is onely the product , and not the producer or primitive cause of this pain . The Symptoms of Nephritick pains are so much like that caused by the Stone , that they cannot be easily distinguished ; for the signs of both are great pain of the Loins , loathing or vomiting , there being a great consent between the Reins and Stomach . The Patient often pisseth bloudy water , and when the Reins are ulcerated , the matter is often evacuated with the Urine . Wherein the force of concreting or growing together of Stones ( in divers parts of the Body ) consists , is not enough known ; I will freely declare what I conjecture in this obscure matter , whereby I may ( according to my power ) the more help others ( that are ingenious ) to search out this hidden truth . All the Stones that are generated in the Body , may be dissolved in the sour Spirit of Salt Peter or Niter ; whence I conclude that the Coagulation of Stones cannot be expected from an acid Spirit as such , therefore from another somewhat contrary to it in part at least . If any consider the several things , that promote the growing together of natural things , they will find that such force is in tart things ; whence the Glutinousness , and Toughness of fluid things is wont to be produc'd ; to which if earthy , and volatile salt parts be join'd , something will be produc'd not much unlike Stones . I incline therefore to this opinion , that an earthy and salt matter , join'd to that which is glutinous , groweth together into Stones by help of a tart humour . Also Gravel of all kinds ( that is usually seen in the bottom of Urine ) testifieth that the conglobated Glandules are all affected , by a frequent external Cold , or else by sour things taken in , and when the Gravel is great it is then near to the Nature of Stones , yea sometimes groweth together into Stones , especially in cold phlegmatick Bodies , where ( for the most part ) it giveth Stones their first rising , and daily cherisheth their production , and increaseth them ; and the more especially where a glutinous , stone-making faculty doth concur in the Body . Many Histories mention , that Stones are produced from a stone-making Spirit , or Breath out of the Earth , which hath turned the Bodies of Men , Beasts and other things into Stone . Riverius , ( in his last edition ) quoteth Aventius Annal. Bavar . lib. 7. Anno 1343. who saith , that above fifty Men , with many Cattle were turned into Stone . Ortelius telleth the like story , that whole Herds in Russia have been turned into Stone . And Camerarius reporteth , that in the Province of Chilo in Armenia , at the blast of a South-wind ( which happeneth four times in a Year ) whole Troops of Horse have been turned into Statues of Stone , standing in the same warlike Posture , in which they were marching . Children are most inclinable to this Monster in Nature , because they have much moisture , and weak digestions , which generate Crudities . Stones are generated in many parts of the Body , as the Gall , Reins , Bladder , &c. I once opened a Woman that had sixty four Stones in her Gall. I also dissected another whose Ureters were stony , and out of her Gall I took out a large Stone , and a small one ( about the bigness of a Hazle-nut ) out of the Neck of the Gall. 1. These distempers are very dangerous , and bring many sad Symptoms to the afflicted Patient ; as great pain , inflammations , exulcerations , long watchings , weakness , fevers , suppression of Urine , and Death it self . 2. Pain from acrid Lympha , &c. may be cured in those that are young , if the strength be not too much dejected , nor the Disease hereditary . That we may now address our selves to the Cure of these grievous Diseases ; I would advise those who are not very skilfull in the Art of Physick , to forbear giving of any thing in these Distempers , without the Advice of an experienc'd Physician ; for I believe many Stones have been bred in those Bodies ( who before were free from it , and were onely troubled with Nephritick pains ) by the frequent taking of ill Medicines ; for many Remedies have been invented to dissolve the Stone ; but experience teacheth that they are most of them inimical to the Reins and Bladder , and debilitate their Ferment . The solvent of the Stone ought to be homogenious , and so singular , that it submit not to any digestions , or fermental Powers , through which it passeth in its way to the parts affected ; for the Virtue of all common Remedies taken at the Mouth , are alter'd and transmuted in passing three digestions : For acid things , ( from which much hath been hoped ) as soon as they are past the Stomach , lose their acidity , and are converted into a saline Nature , so that the dissolving Power of the acid is wholly transmuted before it gets either to the Reins or Bladder . Likewise those Medicines which are injected into the Bladder with a Syringe , ought to be agreeable to its Ferment , that it may not be painfull thereto ; for if but a small quantity of any sharp Medicine be injected , it stirreth up an intolerable Strangury , it being wholly foreign to the Ferment of the part . And seeing the Stone , and all other Distempers of the Reins and Bladder , are wont to be bred , and increased in length of time ; the Remedies which you administer must be long us'd , before you may have experience of their effects . I will here set down some choice Medicines , not onely to hinder the increase , but to dissolve small Stones in humane Bodies , if they be long enough us'd . Amongst which we may deservedly attribute the first place to Spirit of Niter ( seeing Stones of any kind are so easily and manifestly broken and dissolved by it ) which may commodiously be mixt in any ordinary Drink , or Wine and Broths , &c. to a light acidity ; whose excellent effects all may admire . If the Patient have a costive Body , you may give the following Lenitive three or four times in a week . Take of Cassia newly drawn one ounce ; Venice Turpentine half an ounce ; Crystal prepar'd , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , of each one drachm ; Oil of Juniper , Spirit of salt Armoniack , of each four drops ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it for two doses . The following is also very effectual . Take of Cio-turpentine half an ounce ; Powder of Rhubarb one drachm ; the Yelk of one egg , mix it for two doses ; give it in the morning fasting , and drink four ounces of this Julep after it . Take the Decoction for Syrup of Marsh-mallows one quart ; the waters of Horse-radish , Pellitory of the Wall , Speedwell , Winter-cherries , Syrups of Marsh-mallows and the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Crystal prepar'd , Salt Prunella , of each half an ounce ; tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; Laudanum ten grains ; mix it and give four or five spoonfulls of it often . This Powder is also excellent . Take Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Salts of Pigeons-dung , Broom , Beanstalks , Wormwood , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give twenty grains of it every morning and evening in the foremention'd Julep . If the Patient be plethorick , Phlebotomy may be used with good success . If a Stone chance to stick in the Ureter , which causeth numbness , by its pressing upon the Muscle Psoas , and the Nerves , In this Case , apply a Ventose on os Ilium , which may bring the Stone by degrees into the Bladder ; afterward anoint the parts grieved with Rabbets fat . If the Stone in the Bladder be very big , there is little hopes of dissolving of it , wherefore if the Patient ( being in continual pain ) be willing to submit to Lithotomy ; I advise them to make choice of an experienc'd Artist ; lest by Precipitancy the Operatour neglect to cleanse the Bladder , after the Extraction of the Stone ; by the neglect of which , many have generated the Stone again , and have been forced to endure that dreadfull operation the second , and sometimes the third time , under which many have died , and others who recovered , have never held their Urine . In other Nephritick pains , if the fleshy parts of the Kidneys be obstructed , they may be opened by Diureticks , that cut , attenuate , and make glutinous Phlegm fluid . For example , Take of Eringo-roots , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; the Tops of Agrimony , the greater Celandine , of each two handfulls ; the Berries of Juniper and Winter-cherries , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half be consumed ; then strain it , and add Syrups of Marsh-mallows , and the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it every morning and evening . They who like Juleps better , may use this or the like . Take the Waters of Fennel , Parsley , Pellitory of the Wall , of each two ounces ; the carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Syrups of Marsh-mallows , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Oil of Juniper , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each ten drops ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops , Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every three or four hours . The Patient may also drink freely of the mineral Diuretick-waters of Tunbridge , &c. which will conduce much to the Cure ; especially if some old Diuretick-wine , and a little oily Volatile Salt ( made of Diuretick , Vegetables ) be mixed with the water . When the glutinous Phlegm is prepar'd , and loosned , it may be educ'd with some convenient Phlegmagogue , either in the form of Pills or Potion , of which there are variety mention'd in page 3. and four , &c. The fixt Sulphurs of Minerals and Metalls , exalted to their highest perfection , do ( before all others ) mildly temper all the humours ; next to which oily Volatile Salts come , and Aromaticks next to these : By the force of which ( prudently us'd ) not onely an effervescency of somewhat contrary Humours ( most agreeable to Man's nature ) is bred in the small Gut , and afterward in the Heart ; but the preternatural growing together , and uniting of the more sharp humours ( being first moderated by them ) is again dissolv'd in the Bloud . I speak these things by experience , and because it is of great moment in practice , I commend them to the truly Studious of Physick . If the Urine be bloudy , it testifieth the opening of some Vessel of Bloud in the Kidneys , Ureters , Bladder , or its Neck . To heal and consolidate this harm the following is excellent . Take the Waters of Parsley , Plantain , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Mirtles , Comfry , Marsh-mallows , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Spirit of Niter ten drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every two hours . If there be an Ulcer in any of these parts , it may perhaps be more happily cur'd by the daily taking of Balsam of Sulphur ( made with the Oil of Amber , Juniper , Anise-seed , or Turpentine ) in any convenient Vehicle , than by any other Medicine hitherto known . In all suppression of Urine , the following is very effectual . Take the Waters of Chamomel , Golden-rod , Winter-cherries , of each four ounces ; Syrups of Marsh-mallows , the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Powder of Egg-shells calcin'd one ounce ; Tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . CHAP. XXII . Of Extraordinary Pissing , &c. THIS Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. pertransire , quod urina ureteres , & urethram subito pertransit . It being a quick or plentifull pissing or making of water . The cause is either external , or internal . The external , or primary efficient Cause , is an immoderate drinking of stale Beer , Sider , or acid Wines , either French or Rhenish ; by which an incurable Diabetes hath been ofttimes suddenly contracted . The internal Cause of this Disease , is sharp , serous humours abounding in the Bloud , by which not onely the whole Mass of it doth in time become too thin , but the nervous Juice is also thereby ill affected , and consequently the Reins inflam'd , by the continual flowing of the over acid serous humours : Whence the attractive faculty of the Kidneys is increas'd , drawing the serosity of the Bloud more potently from the emulgent Vessels into the Funnels , and provoking the expulsive faculty , it is soon sent ( through the Ureters ) to the Bladder , from whence it is often evacuated by pissing . The signs are a continual pissing , so that much more moisture is voided , than is taken into the Body , by eating and drinking . It is always accompanied with an extraordinary Thirst ; the sick is also feverish , something like a Hectick . If it continue long , it will decay all the radical moisture of the Body , which will render it incurable , but if it be taken in the beginning , and the Patient be young , it may be easily cured . All things which have power to incrassate the thinness of the Bloud , and temper the over acidity of the humours , may be administred in this Distemper . In the beginning of the Cure , after a stool hath been procured by an emollient Clyster , you may open a Vein in the Arm. The next day a gentle Purge of Rhubarb may be administred ; but if the Stomach be foul , and the sick can vomit easily , you may give an Antimonial Emetick with good success , because it will potently draw the sharp peccant humours from the emulgent Vessels and Reins , and evacuate some of them both by Vomit and Stool . After the Operation of the Emetick , let the sick take two spoonfulls of this Cordial Opiate often , which will ease pain , and thicken the humours . Take the Waters of Barley , red Poppies , of each four ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Coral , and Comfry , Penidies , of each one ounce ; Gums Arabick and Dragon , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; let the Gums be dissolved in the distill'd waters , and strained , then mix all together according to Art. You may prescribe this , or such a like Decoction , for the Patient 's ordinary drink . Take the Roots of China , Sarseparilla , Comfry , Plantain , red Sanders , of each two ounces ; Liquorish , red Roses , Hemp-seed , of each one ounce ; Raisins of the Sun stoned four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Gallon of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and keep it for use . Let the Diet be cooling , and thickning Broths and Jellies made of Knuckles of Veal , with the Roots of China and Comfry boiled in it , is excellent . You may also make Panado's of the aforesaid Broth , with a few Crums of White-bread , and the Yelk of an Egg. Also milk ( wherein the aforesaid Roots are boiled ) will be very effectual . CHAP. XXIII . Of involuntary Pissing , commonly called pissing in Bed. WHEN the Urine floweth involuntarily ( which in Children is vulgarly called pissing in Bed ) it may be called in Latin urinae incontinentia , pro impotentia sive imbecilitate retinendi . The causes are either external , or internal . The external Cause is a large Wound in the sphincter Muscle of the Bladder , which sometimes happens in Lithotomy ; for by extracting a great Stone , the sphincter Muscle may be so much lacerated , that it ceaseth to be contracted , and the Orifice of the Bladder to be shut , wherefore the Urine distilleth of its own accord . It may be caused internally by the Palsie , Apoplexy , Epilepsie , Syncope , &c. Sometimes Ebriety may be the Cause of the Resolution of the Nerves , which from the Loins are inserted into the Neck of the Bladder , and so render the sphincter Muscle incapable of Contraction ; hence the Urine is involuntarily voided . In Children , this Distemper is curable , if taken in time ; but if it happen to old Folks , or if it be caused by a Wound in the sphincter Muscle of the Bladder , it is incurable . That which is caused by the Palsie , Epilepsie , Syncope , &c. look for the Cure in their proper Chapters . If it be caused by Ebriety , Sobriety may be commended to cure it , especially by the help of inward means to strengthen the parts affected . Many things have been given to Children , that have been troubled with this Distemper ; the most effectual are these . Fried Mice , the inner Skins of Hens-gizzards , Cocks-weasands , Pudenda suilla , Stones of a Hare , Snails with the shells , all or any of these dried and poudred ; also the Powder of Agrimony , Egg-shells , the burnt Ashes of an Hedge-hog , &c. Any of these may be given in red Wine , or in Lime-water chalibeated , which may be dulcifi'd with Syrup of Comfry . If Phlegm do abound in the Body , you may purge it with Phlegmagogues . Also sweating with gentle Diaphoreticks , is very effectual . Those already mention'd are proper , onely consider the Age and Strength of the Patient . CHAP. XXIV . Of the Stoppage of Vrine , and the Strangury . THE Stoppage of Urine is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 comprimo , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vrina . 'T is called in Latin Vrinae suppressio . The Strangury is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. urinae difficultas , vel urinae per guttas excretionem . Ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stilla , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 urina . These differ onely in degree , for when the Urine is totally obstructed , it may be called Ischuria , but when little is voided , and by drops , it may be called Stranguria . These distempers may be caused by viscous Phlegm , or coagulated Bloud in the Ureters , or Vrethra , especially if a Stone , or some Gravel do also stick in the Passage , by which the obstruction will be more strengthned . Sometimes it is caused by a schirrous Tumour , or other excrescency of Flesh , as a Carbuncle , &c. growing in the Vrethra , or Chanel of Urine . Sometimes it is caused by a preposterous holding in of the Urine , either , for shame or want of opportunity to evacuate it ; so that the Bladder being extremely fill'd and distended , it hath not power to contract it self , hence the voiding of Urine is supprest . It may also be caused by sharp humours , fretting and ulcerating the internal Superficies of the Bladder , by which it is continually stirred up to contract it self , and expell the Urine which is in it ; so that the Bladder is empty , having little or no Urine in it , as I have known by experience . This may be called a Bastard Ischuria , which may be also caused by some hurt in the attractive or expulsive faculty of the Reins . If the aforesaid Causes be violent , it causeth an Ischuria , but if remiss , then a Strangury is stirred up , in which there is a perpetual Irritation to extrude the Urine , although slowly , and by drops , with exceeding pain and trouble . Suppression of Urine is dangerous , and if it continue long , it is mortal ; especially if the Patient's Breath stinck of Piss , or hath a Hiccough , or Tenasmus . If the Cause be in the Neck of the Bladder or Vrethra stopt , you may clear it , and draw away the Urine with a Catheter , as I have often done both from Men and Women with good success . If the Cause be from the Reins or Ureters , seek the Cure in the Chapter of Nephritick pains , &c. Glutinous Phlegm , and coagulated Bloud , may be cut and attenuated with Aromaticks boild in Water or Wine , and mixed with oily volatile Salts , Spirit of Niter , &c. Stone-Horse dung is rich in Volatile Salt , wherefore if you mix the Juice of it with Rhenish-wine , and drink it often , you will admire its wonderfull effects , in curing not onely Stoppage of Urine , but most other obstructions . Those Diureticks prescrib'd in page 266 , 267. are also very effectual here . Let the Belly and parts affected be anointed with Dears-suet , which will conduce much to give ease . When the Vrethra is obstructed by a Caruncle , &c. You must gently thrust in a hollow Instrument made of Lead or Silver , being first anointed with some consolidating Ointment . You may leave the Instrument in , till the fear of a new Closing of the Passage be remov'd . CHAP. XXV . Of the Scalding or Sharpness of Vrine . THIS Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aegre , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vrina . The causes are either external , or internal . The external Cause may be by the Application of Cantharides , or some other stronger Poison . The internal Causes are sharp , salt and acid humours mixed with the Urine , which do corrode , and ulcerate the internal Superficies of the Bladder , and sphincter Muscle . Sometimes it is caused by sharp Stones , occasioning an Ulcer . If the Bladder , or sphincter Muscle , or the Vrethra be ulcerated , it is hard to be cured ; especially if the Patient be old , and the Distemper hath continu'd long , & e contra . If the Bladder or urinal Passage be ulcerated , it may be effectually cured by the Balsam of Sulphur , made with the Oil of Anise-seed , Amber , or Juniper , taken to two or three drops , twice or thrice daily in any convenient Vehicle , especially a vulnerary Decoction , which is most effectual . The salt , acid , corroding humours may be corrected with Crabs-eyes , Perle , &c. and also all volatile oily Salts , taken often ( in a small quantity ) in any refrigerating Diuretick . This Decoction is effectual . Take the Roots of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , of each two ounces ; Lettice , Endive , Purslain , Violets , of each one handfull ; Jujubes , Sebestins , of each one ounce ; Winter-cherries half an ounce ; the four greater Cold-seeds , of each two drachms ; red Roses , Water-lillies , of each half a handfull , let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrups of red Poppies , Violets , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Vitriol ten drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every two hours . An Emulsion of the Cold-seeds , or Chamomel-flowers boiled in Milk , is also very effectual . If the Patient be costive , give emollient Clysters , or gentle Cholagogues , and Hydragogues , to evacuate the peccant humours . Or else you may give a gentle Emetick for Revulsion . If the pain be very great , you may inject an Emulsion ( made of the Cold-seeds ) into the urinal Passage , and anoint the Privities with unguentum Populion , &c. CHAP. XXVI . Of Venereal Affects . THIS Scourge of transgressing Humanity , being as it were a Murrain , or common Destruction to venereous Persons , may be called in Latin Lues venerea , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 solvo , vel quod Corpus omnino dissolvit , vel quasi luens usque ad nihil . Lues enim ista , pestis est species , vel qualiscunque contagio , quae homines inficit , debito supplicio scelus luere . The first Knowledge of this pocky intestine Enemy ( at least in the European parts of the World ) was at the Siege of Naples , by the French ; being brought thither ( as some Authours affirm ) by the Spaniards , that came with Christopher Columbus from the West Indies , and they like plaguy Persons that croud to infect others ( contrary to their reserved temper ) being inflam'd with a venereal Itching , and being also free of their flesh , they communicated ( as a great rarity ) this new found foul Distemper , to the Italian Women , which among others they had engrost to themselves from the Animal Indians , in their American Tyrannical Conquests . Many of those poor Creatures being deeply infected with the monstrous Yaws ( so called by the Indians ) from whence this soul Distemper had its first original . Hence it was first called the Neapolitan , and afterward the French disease ; since which time , many of the precipitant youthfull Europeans ( to their great Costs and Pain ) have been punished with this impure venereal Affect . This Itch in spite of Mortals will be catching , ( where there is no fear of God to restrain ) but the beginning natural momentany Pleasure , will often urge a smartfull end ; so that this is the product of that sin of uncleanness , for which God hath pronounced , Hebrews 13.4 . Whore-mongers and Adulterers God will judge . To describe this virulent contagious Disease , It is an universal sour taint of the spermatick parts ; the seed in the spermatick Vessels being first corrupted with a cold indigested Putridness , is sometimes conveyed outward to the groins , infecting the obscene parts with a filthy eating Crusty scab . But if the poisonous malign quality ( gotten by impure Coition ) be transfer'd to the Liver , which is the chief Subject of its more easie invasion , and its special residence ; it must necessarily suffer egregious corruption , from whence the afflicting taint is dispersed into the whole habit of the Body , vitiating and corrupting the Nutrition of every part ; by which the sick becomes wholly cachectick , and the filthy Pox ( without speedy help ) tyrannizing with many malign Symptoms , and afflicting both the body and mind , doth at length hurry the Patient into the pit of silence . The cause is chiefly , the carnal use of venereous Persons . Also Children sucking of those Nurses that are infected , may receive the pollution from the poisonous malignity of the milk . It may also be Hereditary , the seed of venereous Parents being polluted . The most apparent signs , are a dulness of the whole Body , white face , intolerable pain between the joints , especially in the Night , which hindreth sleep ; sometimes Buboes in the Groins , &c. As is before mention'd , also Ulcers , and hard Pustules in many parts of the Body , as Head , Chin , &c. there is sometimes a relaxation of the Vvula , with Hoarsness and Corruption of the Palate , and Tumours of the adjacent Glandulous parts , there is also sometimes a Cariosity of the Skull , and other Bones . Cum multis aliis . 1. It is difficult of Curation , if it hath continu'd long , or the Patient be consumptive ; or if it be in a sucking Infant . 2. If it be Hereditary , 't is incurable ; but if the Patient be young , and newly infected , it may be easily cured . As for the Cure of this filthy Disease , first I advise the Patient to repent from the bottom of the Heart , for this great sin of uncleanness , &c. Then make choice of an honest Physician . The Cure is easiest effected in the Spring , or Fall of the Leaf ; but if necessity urge , you may begin the Cure at any time . First let the Body be prepared , The following Apozeme may serve for Example in most constitutions . Take the five opening Roots , Liquorish , China , of each one ounce ; Cinamon , Anise-seed , Senna , of each half an ounce ; Agarick , Rhubarb , Cream of Tartar , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half be consumed ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Roses solutive four ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give six spoonfulls every two hours . If the Patient be Plethorick open a Vein ; after which you may purge with these or the like Pills . Take of Extractum Rudii , one scruple ; Mercur. dulcis , Salt Armoniack , of each half a scruple ; make it into four Pills , and take them in the Morning . If you perceive by the Excrements , that the Patient's body be very foul , you may administer another Dose of Pills after two days intermission . Then you may prepare the following Decoction , or one like it , to cause sweat , &c. Take of Guiacum , the Roots of China , Sarseparilla , of each one pound ; Raisins of the Sun stoned , Hermodactils , Polypodium , Barks of Guiacum and Sassaphras , of each four ounces ; Juniper-berries , Anise-seed , Liquorish , Elicampane-roots , of each one ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in four Gallons of Rain-water , very hot for the space of a Night ; then boil it gently till a third part be boiled away ; strain it , and keep it for use . Let the sick take four spoonfulls of it , with ten grains of Antimonium diaphoret . every Morning and Evening , for four or five days following , and sweat after it in Bed , or in a Hot-house , or Bagnio , so long as can be well endured . Then omitting a day or two , you may take another Dose of Pills ; then sweat seven days more , after which purge as before ; this doe for forty days , or till the Cure be perfected . You may make a second Decoction of the Ingredients , for ordinary drink . But if the sick have extreme Pains in the Night , ten grains of the following Pills may be given to bed-ward instead of the Decoction . Take Gum of Guiacum two drachms ; Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , Flower of Brimstone , Diagredium , Mercur. dulcis , humane Bones calcin'd , of each one drachm ; Saffron , Laudanum opiatum , of each half a drachm ; with Syrup of Saffron , make it into a Mass for Pills . If there be a Defluxion of Rheum on the Lungs , you may give ten or twelve drops of Balsam of Sulphur , in a little of the Decoction every Morning , and the like quantity with half a drachm of Venice-treacle every Night ; after which drink four ounces of the aforesaid Decoction , to promote a gentle sweat . You may also make Fontinels in the Arm and Leg with good success . But if the sick be of a hot Constitution , and the Disease be inveterate , and stubborn ; the shortest and best way of Cure will be by salivation . I do not approve of unction with me●●curial Ointments , to raise the Flux , nor Turbith-mineral to be given inwardly ; but the safest way is to administer Mercur. dulcis , but let it be well prepared . Then you may give twenty grains of it with a little Diascordium , or Conserves of Roses : give it three or four Mornings successively , and drink a draught of the Diet-drink after it . Also the second Decoction may be sometimes made use of for ordinary Drink , all the time of the Cure ; and warm Posset-drink at other times , when desired . When the Salivation is rais'd , let the sick have a piece of Gold between the teeth ; and keep warm , and continue spitting till the Spittle become insipid , which is commonly in twenty days . In the mean time , wash the Mouth with Plantain-water , and Syrup of Mulberries . When you would abate the spitting , administer a Carminative Clyster , or a Clyster of Milk and Sugar every Night ; and after its operation , give the following Bolus . Take of Diascordium half a drachm ; Gascoigns powder fifteen grains ; Oil of Vitriol two drops ; with Syrup of Poppies make it into a Bolus ; give it at Night going to bed . Pustules , Tumours and Ulcers of the Mouth , Tongue , Gums , or any other Place , will be all easily cured , when the Salivation is over . You may dress the sores with the following Ointment , which is very effectual to cure all Pocky ulcers . Take of Verdigreece , and common Salt , of each two ounces ; powder them , and calcine them together ; then mix it with eight ounces of Vnguentum Enulatum . When the filthy Enemy , or Neapolitan disease , is cast out by Salivation , you may sweat the Patient with the Decoction of China , &c. before mention'd , for sometime , as is there directed . Let the Diet be drying ; rost Meat is better than boil'd . Mutton , Chickens , Partridges , Rabbets , &c. are all good Food . When strength doth begin to increase , Bread and Raisins may be eaten . The greater Symptoms of this Disease , are the Running of the Reins , Nodes , Caruncles , &c. The Running of the Reins is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 semen , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo , it being a Flux of natural Seed of Man or Woman unwittingly . If the Gonorrhoea be virulent , it is a praeludium to the Pox , and must be cur'd the same way ; but if it be newly contracted , it may wholly and most safely be absolved by purgation . The same Apozeme , and purging Pills , before mention'd , are very proper , which must be continu'd till the Running of the Reins cease . If the Patient be plethorick , let a Vein be opened . To strengthen the spermatick parts , the following Balsamick Pills are effectual . Take of Mummy , Bole Armenick , Gums Dragon and Arabick , of each one ounce ; Balsam of Sulphur two drachms ; with Syrup of dried Roses , make it into a Mass for Pills , of which you may give half a drachm every Morning and Evening . If there be Nodes , Caruncles or Ulcers in the urinary Passage , The following Medicine may be daily injected . Take the Water of the Spawn of Frogs four ounces ; Honey of red Roses one ounce ; white Troches of Rhasis one drachm ; powder the Troches , and mix all together for an Injection . After injection , put in an hollow Instrument made of Silver or Lead , being first anointed with some consolidating Ointment , as was directed in the Stoppage of Urine . I do not approve of Astringents in the Beginning of the Cure of a Gonorrhoea , till the Patient be well purged , and the running begin to cease ; because all Astringent means conduce to prolong the Distemper ; but after the Cause is eradicated by purging , then they may be safely administred , if the Cure be not effected without it . To prevent the Return of the Distemper , I advise the Patient to purge , and bleed every Spring and Fall. Also keep a good Diet , be moderate in Exercise , and all other of the nonnatural things . When thou art recovered , give God the Praise ; and have a care of committing the like sin again , lest a worse thing befall thee ; for it is a fearfull thing to fall into the Hands of the Living God. Hebr. 10.31 . CHAP. XXVII . Of the Rachites , or Rickets . THIS Disease may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . It may be called in Latin morbus spinalis , it being a Disease of the Spine of the Back . This spinal Disease is commonly called in English Rickets . It is peculiar to Children , because they abound with a crude phlegmatick matter ; for if they labour under a cold moist Distemper , there is presently a Penury and Paucity of the Animal Spirits ; for the Brain , cerebellum , and spinalis medulla , being more compact than is wont , is unfit for percolation , so that the most spirituous part of the Bloud cannot pierce , or be strein'd through it : Hence the separation of the Animal Spirits is diminisht . For the aforesaid cold , moist , phlegmatick Humours , compacting the soft substance of the Brain , &c. it is thereby too much thickned and straitned in its porous passages . The coldness of Air , Water , or Snow , vehemently affecting the Head , seems to confirm and prove this opinion ; because when the Glandules of the Brain are affected and thickned by a stuffing of the Head with Coldness , then a more sparing production of the Animal Spirits useth to follow . The essence of this Disease consists not onely in the Animal , and vital , but natural Constitution also , all the Functions being ( in time ) vitiated : For the spinalis medulla being primarily affected , all the Nerves which proceed from it ( in its passage through the spina Dorsi ) must of necessity be stupifi'd , and vitiated with a loose Feebleness ; hence also all the nervous , membranous , and fibrous parts , through which those Nerves are carried , or inserted into , must consequently be vitiated with an inward weak Slipperiness ; so that the very ends of the bones , as well as all the Faculties of the Body , bear a share in this Distemper . When the Rickets is confirm'd in Infants , it seems to have some affinity with divers other Diseases , viz. a Chronical fever , an extenuation or leanness of the Body , and an Hydrocephalus , and many more , which are frequently complicated with this affect . And indeed not onely this , but most other Diseases ( in process of time ) do unite unto themselves other affects of a different kind , and therefore ( for the most part ) there is a complication of Chronical diseases before Death . The Causes are either external , or internal . The external may be any of the Non-naturals exceeding , either in excess or defect . All things cold and moist do powerfully contribute to this Disease , especially an over cold and moist Air , which is most frequent in the Spring ; the Air being then cloudy , thick , rainy , and full of vaporous Exhalations . Hereupon the Children of those which inhabit near the Banks of the Sea , or great Rivers , Ponds or Marshes ; ( that are obnoxious to too much Rain , or are fed with a great Number of Springs ) are more or less subject to this affect ; for by the Continuance of such cold and moisture , the Bloud and Humours becomes too slippery , and therefore ( in their Circulation ) they must unavoidably cause a softness and looseness in all the parts . Also experience testifieth that those Children which are born , and nursed near the Lead-mines in Derby-shire , &c. are generally affected more or less with a languidness of the Limbs . For the Air being infected with noxious metalline Exhalations , which ( for the most part ) fight against the inherent Spirits of the parts , by a kind of venemous malignity ; by which the spirituous pulsificative Force of the external parts is extinguished , and the strength of the Limbs , and whole Body much weakned and diminish'd . Hither we may also refer fine soft Linen , applied actually cold and moist , ( being not well dried by reason of the moistness of the weather ) to the Spine of the Back , which is near the Original of the Nerves ; the use thereof being too long continu'd , it cherisheth the Roots of this Disease in that tender Age. Likewise Aliments of any kind , which are too moist and cold ; or too thick , viscous and obstructive , do manifestly cherish this Distemper . And I am induced to believe that Ebriety in English people , especially the Gentry ; and eating of much Flesh ; and not using frequent labour , or exercise , may be a reason why this Disease is more common and natural to Children in England , than in other Regions , perhaps far exceeding it both in cold and moisture ; as Scotland , Holland , &c. wherein this affect hath not been observ'd to be very common . And therefore ebriety and eating of much Flesh , and defect of motion , and want of exercise doth most frequently , and most effectually concur to the production of it ; because the inherent heat ( in stupid and sluggish People ) is not sufficient to resist and expell the superfluous moisture by a due transpiration : By which means the Circulation of the Bloud is become slow and lesned , and the production of the vital heat very feeble , and weak ; so that nature is thereby forced to permit all the parts of the Body to be affected with a certain softness , looseness , and internal lubricity , more than is meet ; which do sufficiently evince , that this is an efficacious cause , and a part of the essence of this Disease . Hence we may easily infer that the Children of such Parents are more inclined to this distemper , than others who drink moderately , and eat less Flesh , and are more active and lively . The internal Causes , are excrementitious Humours luxuriant in the Body , especially Phlegm and serous humours retained , and vitiated , being naturally cold and moist , and little spirituous , and affected with an internal slipperiness , wherefore upon a superfluous accumulation of these humours , the production of this affect succeedeth ; because thereby a Colliquation of the parts , and a dissipation of the inherent Spirits will be easily introduced ; whereby all the parts will afterwards be rendred obnoxious to this cold and moist Distemper . Many diseases preceding this affect , may be the cause of it ; especially those which do extenuate , and much weaken the Body , as all Fevers , &c. And also all cold and moist , phlegmatick , and cachochymick Distempers , which will induce a stupour and dulness in the affected parts , and cause obstructions . Also any great Pain , Inflammation , Tumour , Fracture , Luxation , or any other preternatural affect , that hinders the standing and playing of the Child , may be some cause of this Disease . Presently after the beginning of the Disease , a kind of slothfulness and numbness doth invade the Joints , and by little and little is increased , so that daily they are more and more averse from motion ; besides in the beginning of this affect , there is usually observ'd , a certain laxity , softness , and flaccidity of all the first affected parts ; after which followeth a great debility , languidness , and enervation of all the parts subservient to motion ; so that ( for the most part ) they speak before they walk , which is vulgarly held to be a bad Omen ; and if it vehemently increase , they do not onely totally lose the use of their Feet , but can scarce sit with an erected posture , and their weak and feeble Neck can hardly sustain the Burthen of the Head. In the progress of the Disease , the Head and Face increaseth in bigness , but the fleshy parts below the Head , are daily more and more worn away . There is also observ'd in this affect , certain swellings , and knotty excrescencies about some of the Joints ; these are chiefly conspicuous in the Wrists , and somewhat less in the Ancles , and in the tops of the ribs ; the Bones in the Armes and Legs , and sometimes the Thighs , and Shoulder-bones wax crooked ; the Teeth come forth slowly , and with greater trouble than usual , and at length the Breast becomes narrow , and the Abdomen swollen , with an extension of the Hypochondriacal parts , which hindreth the free motion of the Diaphragma downwards ; and by consequence doth somewhat interrupt the breathing , so that respiration becomes difficult , accompanied with coughing , the Pulse being also weak and small ; and in the increase of the Disease , all these signs become more intense and evident , and many , and more grievous , are daily accumulated . 1. If this Disease be light and gentle , the Children affected therewith may be easily restored to health ; sometimes by the sole benefit of Age , the vital heat being increased , and summoned forth to the external parts by the force of frequent exercises . But if it so vehemently prevaileth , that the increase thereof cannot be prevented by the best internal means , and also most prudent applications , then there is imminent danger . 2. If it proceed from other Diseases , or be complicated with them , it will be the more difficult of curation ; especially if the Bones of the Armes , and Legs be crooked , and there be great bending and tumour of the Joints of the Wrists , Ancles and Ribs . But if the Symptoms decline , and the Child do easily endure agitation , and have often eruptions in the Skin , as Wheals , Pimples , or Itch , then there is great hopes of recovery . 3. If they be not cured in five years , they will grow deformed and crooked , and ( for the most part ) will become dwarfs , and live sickly , being either Cachectick , or Phthisical , till death do put a Period to their miserable Life . As for the Cure of this disease , both the Child and Nurse must keep a good diet which is easie of Concoction . In the mean time you must not neglect the best Chyrurgical and Pharmaceutical means which will most conduce to the speedy recovery of the weakly Infant . Universals being premised , the most effectual and approved Chyrurgical means in this affect , are Incision or Scarification of the Ears , and little Fountains or Issues ; although many more may be used , viz. Frixions , Blisters , Ligatures , &c. Incision or Scarification in the Ears , is to be performed on the Ridge , in the inside of the Ear above the hole ; which must be stopt to hinder the Bloud passing into it . This Operation must be often repeated , at least once or twice in a month ; which hath proved succesfull when many other remedies have been ineffectual . And here it may be noted , that Scarification being made in that place , must needs be of greater efficacy than if it were instituted in any other part of the Ear , or elsewhere . 1. First , Because the beginning of the fifth pair of Nerves is near that place , many of their Branches being distributed through the hollow of the Ear , and are thence conveyed into the Spinalis medulla , from whence it shooteth out little Branches which accompany the Nerves of the marrow of the Back , to the ends of the very Legs and Feet ; as many ingenious Anatomists have accurately observ'd . Wherefore Scarification being there made , it is probable , that the matter ( which commonly oppresseth the very beginning of that Nerve ) is immediately evacuated , by which it is freed from obstruction ; and having also gotten vigour ( being excited by the pain and Inflammation ) it driveth out all stupidness from within it ; by which means the Branches of the Nerves from thence arising , which are communicated to the Spinalis medulla , and many other parts may be in some measure excited also . 2. Because by this means , there is a particular evacuation of the Head , which is wont to be oppressed with fullness in this affect . Besides , the Bloud being somewhat lesned , the thickness and toughness thereof must thereby be corrected ; and ( by consequence ) an equal distribution of it promoved to a more regular nourishment of the parts . Issues in the Neck are also much approved in this disease , because they very much conduce to lessen the unusual magnitude of the Head , and to evacuate the superfluous watriness thereof , and repress the inordinate increase of the bones ; also it manifestly drieth up the too much humidity of the spinal Marrow , exciteth heat , strengthens the Nerves , and expelleth the astonishment . As for the Pharmaceutical or Physical means , you must be sure to cleanse the first passages either by Clysters , Vomits or Lenitive purgations . When the Belly is Costive and the excrements are hardned , or some flatuous humours afflict the Bowels with vehement pain , then Clysters are chiefly required ; and they may also be injected before any preparation , Vomit or Lenitive purgation . I need not prescribe any forms , because a little Milk and Sugar , with a few Anise-seeds boiled in it may serve . Also an Emollient or Carminative Clyster ( that is gentle ) may be injectrd when there is occasion . Emeticks if well prepared , and prudently administred are very efficacious , and will conduce much to the Cure. And here I again commend Antimonial Vomits before all others . 1. First , because they not onely powerfully evacuate Crude or corrupt humours , and all manner of impurities contained in the Stomach by Vomit ; but by an agitation and commotion , raised in all the parts , especially in the Bowels , they loosen the gross and viscous humours adhering to the Guts , and convey them through their many involutions and labyrinths , by which they are expelled by Stool ; in which respect they are also profitable against torments of the Colick , and very conducible to unlock obstructions . 2. They most effectually irritate the expulsive faculty of all the parts of the Body , by which they compell forth the hidden and unappearing causes of diseases , especially of intermitting Fevers ; for by the very straining to Vomit , the Guts are also instimulated to cast out by siege ; the Liver poureth away the Choler by the Biliar pore ; the juice of the Pancreas is voided into the small Guts ; the Spleen perhaps doth unburthen its excrement into the Stomach ; the Kidneys exern through the Ureters ; the Lungs by a strong Cough eject their Phlegm through the Wind-pipe ; the Head emptieth it self of salt waterish Rheums by the Palate , Nostrils and Eyes ; finally the whole Body ( for the most part ) is rendred more prone to a Diaphoresis , either by a manifest sweating , or else by insensible transpiration . If any are afraid of Antimonial preparations ( though most safe and potent ) they may administer Salt of Vitriol , from five to ten grains , either in Posset-drink or any other convenient Vehicle . Also the following may be safely administred . Take the clarified Juice of Asarabacca half a drachm ; Syrup of the Juice of Sorrel two drachms ; mix it , and give it in the morning fasting . But here we may note , that vomiting is not to be provoked in very weak Children , unless they are naturally apt to Vomit , and the humours tend upwards of their own accord , and they easily indure it ; and then they ought to be gentle and given in a small dose . Those that are averse to vomiting may take lenitive Catharticks , which must be made pleasant and potable , that the young Patient may not loath the taking of them . Manna , Syrup of Cichory with Rhubarb , Syrup of Violets and Syrup of Roses solutive are all good pleasant medicines ; which you may mix according to your discretion , in any proper distill'd water , or in the decoction of sennae Gerconis . The following drink is of excellent virtue , and will conduce much to the Cure of this disease . Take of Anise-seed , the Barks of Ash , Ivie , Tamarisk , Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , the Roots of Sassaphras , Liquorish , China , Sarseparilla , Butterbur , of each half an ounce ; Mace one drachm ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of small Ale for two or three days ; then strain it out very strongly , and bottle it up for the Child 's ordinary drink . In the Cure you must endeavour to resist all symptoms , as Fluxes , Worms , Venereal affects , breeding Teeth with great pain , &c. In any Flux , Gripes or urgent pain , you may give half a grain of Laudanum opiat . dissolved in any convenient Vehicle , so often as necessity urgeth . If Worms or venereal affects be fear'd , you may sometimes adminster this gentle purging Bolus . Take of Mercur. dulcis six grains ; Diagredium , Rezin of Jallop , of each three grains ; with Syrup of Roses solutive , make it into a Bolus ; give it in the morning fasting . In your Broths and Panadoes , you may boil Harts-tongue , Ceterach , Liver-wort , Maiden-hair , Sage , the Bark of Tamarisk , red Sanders , Saffron , the Roots of China , and Sarseparilla , &c. but let all things be made acceptable to the Palate . All kinds of exercise unto which Children are accustomed , may be usefull in their time and season ; as Rocking , Going , Swinging , Playing , &c. Also Frixions are excellent , in which begin at the Spina dorsi , and rub with a course warm linen Cloth , and also under the Short-ribs , and afterwards all other parts ; let it be done gently , to cherish and incite the natural and vital heat , and attract the Nourishment to the affected parts . External Medicines may be also applied , to strengthen the weak parts , as Emplasters , Ointments , &c. These forms may serve for Example . Take Ointments of the opening Juices , Tobacco , Marsh-mallows ; Oils of Capers , Wormwood , Elder , Earth-worms , Bricks , Balsam of Peru , of each half an ounce ; mix it . With which let the weak parts be anointed with a warm hand , before a Fire . Take the Plasters Nervinum , De minio , ad Herniam , of each one ounce ; the Carminative Plaster of Sylvius , Balsam of Peru , of each two drachms ; mix it , and spread it on thin Leather . It may be applied to the Back , or any other weak part after anointing . If the Lungs be affected , anoint the Breast with the following Ointment . Take the pectoral Ointment two ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression , Oil of Violets , of each half an ounce ; mix it . After which apply a Plaster . They that desire more variety of Medicines , &c. let them peruse that excellent and learned tract of the Rachites written by the famous Doctours and Fellows of the College of Physicians at LONDON . Ornari res ipsa negat , contenta doceri . CHAP. XVIII . Of the Gout , and Rheumatism . THE Gout is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Articulus , quod Articulos infestet ; hence it is called in Latin Articularis morbus , it being a Disease of the Joints . This is a general Name for all Gouts , or when all or most of the Joints are affected . But when any particular Joint is infested with a Gouty distemper , it doth from thence take its denomination . For if it invadeth the Jaw-bones , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 maxilla , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saevio , quod maxillarum usum impediat . It being ( for the most part ) accompanied with a fierce and cruel Pain . And so likewise if it invade any of the rest of the Joints . If the Vertebrae of the Neck , &c. be affected , it may be termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 collum , vel cervix , &c. That which molests the Shoulders , may be fitly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 humerus . &c. If it affects the Collar-bones , you may call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 clavis , vel clavicula , &c. That in the Elbow may be termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cubitus , &c. The Gout in the Hand is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 manus , &c. That in the Hip may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coxa , &c. quod ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lumbus . In Latin Coxendicum dolor , quod coxendices praecipue infestat . If it be in the Knee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 genu , &c. If in the Foot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pes , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saevio , Quod pedum usum impediat , which may be added to every particular . This and all other Gouts are most commonly accompanied with a fierce , cruel , tormenting pain ; and thus much , if not too much of the Names of the Gout . The Causes are either external , or internal . The external Causes are Gluttony , Drunkenness , immoderate Venery , Idleness , external Cold , and excess or defect of any of the non-naturals . The internal Cause of all Arthritick pains , is the Juice of the Pancreas too acid and sharp , which raiseth a vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. whereby a Fermental sharpness is increased ; and when it is exorbitant , it is sent forth into the extreme parts , and meeting with that seedy Glue , which is between the Joints , doth not onely affect it with its fermental Acrimony , but is also the grand Cause of the virulent tormenting pain and inflammation in the part affected . But seeing the pains are different , not onely in divers People sick of this Distemper , but also the Pains of the Gout are divers in the same sick party , we must therefore , as well by reason as experience , search into the true Cause thereof . Therefore in as much as the present molesting pains , are not always freed with the same medicines , no not in the same fit ; much less all that are Gouty . We may hence consider that divers humours , as Choler , Phlegm , &c. are diversly mixt and fermented with the Juice of the Pancreas , which is peccant in a four Acrimony , being the primary Cause of all Gouts . And here we may note , that this over acid humour doth molest the sick ( chiefly in the beginning of the fit ) with a corroding pain ; but after a while , when Choler ( by its exceeding heat ) hath gotten the Predominancy , it causeth a divers burning pain , according to the diversity of its faultiness . But if viscous Phlegm be predominant , the pain is much dull'd , and the motion of the part hinder'd with a phlegmatick Tumour , rather than an acute pain ; which ought to be accurately observ'd by every ingenious Artist . When the Gouty humour hath invaded any joint , there is presently an unusual heat , and more exquisite sense in it , than formerly , so that the least touch of any hard thing doth hurt the part ; and the longer it continues , the more the Pain increaseth , with redness and swelling of the part affected , and most commonly attended with a Symptomatical Fever . 1. The Gout is a Chronical disease , attended with violent Pain , but is seldom mortal , except in very weak Bodies that are much decay'd by Sickness , or old Age. 2. If it continue long , till the Joints are knotty , it is incurable , according to Ovid , Tollere nodosam nescit medicina Podagram . But if there be no Knots in the Joints , and the Patient is laborious , and the Body is ( for the most part ) soluble , and there be swelling of the Veins called Varices , then it may be happily cured . 3. If it becomes habitual to the sick , the morbifick Idea is implanted in the vital Spirit , and transfer'd through the seed , which makes it Hereditary . The Cure of the Gout will consist , 1. First in defending the afflicted Joints , as well against future Pain , as freeing them from that which doth molest at present . 2. In the universal amendment of the juice of the Pancreas . 3. In the correcting and evacuation of the vitious Choler . 4. In the altering and diminishing of Phlegm any way peccant . To asswage the present Pain I commend the following Medicaments , which will conduce much to mitigate the sharpness of the acrimonious humours in all Gouty people , and ease the part affected . When there is excessive heat , you may bathe the Gouty part with this Fomentation very hot , with wollen Stuphs , which must be often renewed . Take the Waters of the Spawn of Frogs , Fumitory , Elder , of each one quart ; Vinegar of Mary-golds one pint ; Opium , Camphire , of each half an ounce ; mix it according to Art. But when the Pain is more corroding than burning , I commend the following to be used as the former . Take of Treacle-water half a pint ; the Waters of the Spawn of Frogs , Parsley , of each one quart ; Opium , Camphire , of each half an ounce ; mix it . After Bathing with either of these ; apply this Cataplasm . Take Powders of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , Flax-seed , Barley-meal , of each four ounces ; new Milk three pints ; boil it to the Consistence of a Pultess , and add Oils of Flax-seed , Earthworms , the Ointment Martiatum , of each three ounces ; Camphire half an ounce ; mix it according to Art. Where exceeding heat doth concur , and the Body abounds with sharp Choler ; instead of sweet Milk , you may substitute Butter-milk . Also a Pultess made of the Crums of White-bread , new Goats or Cows milk and Saffron , with Oil of Lin-seed , and Earth-worms , may be deservedly commended , to asswage any Pain . If the sick be very phlegmatick , and impotency of motion doth afflict , more than pain ; then Opiats may be omitted , and things more Aromatical may be used in all external Applications . The following Pultess , or one like it , may serve for Example . Take the Powders of Orris-roots ; the Flowers of Chamomel , and Elder , Cummin-seeds , Barley-meal , of each four ounces ; the Tops of Wormwood , Mints , of each four handfulls ; boil them in two quarts of water of the Spawn of Frogs , to the Consistence of a Pultess ; when it is almost cold , add Treacle-water , Oils of Chamomel , Earth-worms , of each three ounces ; mix it . Also the Root of Briony , and Cuckow-pintle bruised , and made into a Pultess with Cow-dung is excellent . If you add Volatile Salts of Animals , or Vegetables to your Medicines , whether Fomentations , Cataplasms , or Ointments , they will be the more effectual . You may prepare an excellent Volatile Salt of Earth-worms ( of great Virtue ) for the Gout , which may be resolved into Liquour by fermentation , and putrefaction . If the Gouty Patient do abound with Phlegm , or the Juice of the Pancreas exceed in an acid Acrimony causing a corroding Pain ; it may happily be mitigated and remov'd with Balsam of Sulphur made with Oil of Amber , with which let the grieved part be embrocated , and it will forthwith raise a very hot Effervescency , which will presently cease again , and remove the great Pain in a moment , even to admiration . After the pain is over , you may apply one of the former Cataplasms , or some Anodyne . Ointment , to comfort , and ( by degrees ) restore again the membranous parts . The following Linament may serve for Example . Take Oils of Earth-worms , Scurvigrass , Saint John's-wort , of each one ounce ; Chymical Oils of Rosemary , Rue , of each twenty drops ; mix it . Afterwards , you may apply a Plaster of De minio cum sapona . In the mean time , inward means ( to take away the Cause , and ease the pain ) must not be neglected . If the Patient have a plethorick Body , after a Stool hath been procured , by a Carminative Clyster , with Electuar . Caryocostinum , &c. Let a Vein be opened . Bloud drawn from the Vena poplitis , or sciatica Vein , hath been succesfull in the sciatica . But Leeches applied to the Hemorrhoidal veins , are effectual in all Gouts . Two or three days after bleeding , you may administer the following Pills . Take of Pills Hermodactils , faetidae , ex duobus , Mercur. dulcis , of each one scruple ; mix it for two doses , and give them in the Morning fasting . Or you may give half a drachm or two scruples of pul . Arthriticus in any convenient Vehicle . But if the sick be inclining to vomit , administer an Antimonial Emetick . You may purge and bleed so often as you see occasion . Issues near the part affected , and also to raise Blisters upon the part , have been found by experience to be very effectual . Also bathing and sweating in nitrous or sulphurous Baths , either natural or artificial , are much approv'd of . That which is prescrib'd in the Chapter of the Belly-ach , is very effectual , which may be used , as is there directed . I might fill a Volume with receipts against the Gout , but I shall onely commend the following water or spirit to be often taken inwardly in any fit Vehicle , the quantity of half a spoonfull at a time . Take the Roots of Orris , Angelica , Sassaphras , of each two ounces ; the Tops of Ground-pine , Penny-royal , Sage , Mother of Time ; the Flowers of Saint Johns-wort , Chamomel , Prim-roses , Rosemary , Lavender , of each three handfulls ; the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each one ounce ; Castor two drachms ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and infused in six quarts of Spirit of Earth-worms compound for the space of twenty four hours , then distill it in an Alembick according to Art. The Rheumatism is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo ; it being a distillation of Rheumatick humours , not onely affecting the Joints , but the adjacent parts , yea sometimes the whole Body ; especially the Muscles , Membranes , and Periostium of the Thighs , Legs , and Hip-bones . The humour is of a very malign Nature , and soon causeth a Cariosity of the Bones , if it be not prevented . The Cause is the same with the Gout , but sharper . 'T is seldom mortal , but may be of long continuance , with great Pain , so that the Sick cannot endure to be touched . In the Cure of this Distemper , Phlebotomy must be often repeated , and carminative Clysters often administred . Foment the pained parts with stale Urine ( made very hot ) wherein Castle-sope is dissolved ; after which anoint with this following . Take Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oils of Guiacum , Bricks , of each two ounces ; in which dissolve Opium one ounce ; Spanish Sope four ounces ; then add Oil of Roses six ounces , and make it a Linament according to Art. If you would have it for a Plaster , you may add so much Empl. de minio to it , as will give it a sufficient Consistency . The Medicines and Directions prescrib'd in the Cure of the Gout , are also proper here . From these few observations , it will not be very difficult to select other choice Medicines out of the writings of Practitioners , to cure both the Gout and Rheumatism . To prevent a Relapse , purge and bleed Spring and Fall , and keep a good Diet , and use moderation in all things . I have now finisht this little Tract , or Manual of Physick , which I have written for the common good ; not onely to serve young Beginners of the Art of Physick , but also for the sake of the sick themselves . GOD grant that it may prove succesfull , and tend to the good of them both . Now unto the onely wise God and our Saviour Jesus Christ with the Holy Ghost our Comforter ; three Persons , and one God , be ascribed , and given all Laud , Honour , Glory and Dominion , from this time forth , and for evermore . Amen . POSTSCRIPT . HAving often prescrib'd the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , and also his preservative water against the Plague , and his Carminative Plaster , &c. I will here give you the Receipts of them in English , that you may make them for your own use , as you see occasion . The Carminative Spirit of Sylvius . Take Angelica-root two drachms ; the Roots of Masterwort , and Galangal , of each three drachms ; the Tops of Rosemary , sweet Marjoram , Garden-rue , Centaury the less , Basil , of each one handfull ; Bay-berries six drachms ; the Seed of Angelica , Lovage , and Anise-seed , of each an ounce ; Ginger , Nutmegs , Mace , of each half an ounce ; Cinamon one ounce and half ; Cloves , Orange-peel , of each two drachms . All these things being grosly bruised , pour thereon Spirit of Malaga or Spanish-wine six pints . Digest them two days in Balneo Mariae , and draw off all the Spirit . You may pour upon what remains the same quantity of Spirit of Wine ; and after two days digestion , draw it off as before , which may be kept apart , as weaker than the former , but of much virtue to discuss Wind. Aq. Prophylactica , or the Preservative-water against the Plague . Take the Roots of Angelica , and Zedoary , of each one ounce ; Roots of Butter-bur two ounces ; the Leaves of Garden-rue four ounces ; of Baum , Scabious , Marigold-flowers , of each two ounces ; unripe Wall-nuts cut two pound ; new Pome-citrons cut one pound ; bruise them all together , then pour on twelve pints of the best Wine-vinegar , distill'd by it self to three fourth parts in Sand in a Glass cucurbit , then digest them all Night , in the Morning distill the water with a slow Fire . This gratefull Medicine may be mixt with ordinary drink , broth or any decoction or Cordial Julep , &c. to a gratefull acidity , for any that are sick , to take away thirst , and to promote a mild Sweat. The Plaster of Sylvius discussing Wind. Take gum Galbanum , Bdellium and Amoniacum , of each half an ounce ; Male-frankincense , red Mirrh , of each two drachms ; Opium of Thebes one drachm ; dissolve them in Vinegar of Squills , and when they are again thickned , add yellow Wax , Colophony , of each three drachms ; natural Balsam , Oil of Bricks , of each one drachm ; Oil of Earth-worms half a drachm ; distill'd Oil of Caraway a scruple ; Venice Turpentine what sufficeth to make it into a Plaster according to Art. This egregious Plaster may be spread upon soft Leather , first form'd according to the shape and greatness of the Tumour to be dissolv'd . The Cholagogue , Electuary , or Diaprunum of Sylvius . Take the Pulp of Prunes sourish-sweet , ten ounces ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , best Scammony , of each two ounces ; Powder of Rhubarb ten drachms ; Cinamon half an ounce ; yellow Sanders two drachms ; refin'd Sugar a pound ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. The Hydragogue Electuary of Sylvius . Take of Juniper-berries boild in water exprest , and reduc'd to the Consistency of a Pulp ; the Pulp of Tamarinds , of each four ounces ; Powder of Jallop-root one ounce and half ; Diagredium one ounce ; sharp Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seeds , of each two drachms ; clarifi'd Sugar ten ounces ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. The Dose of either of these Electuaries , is from two drachms to half an ounce ; they are gently effectual , and no ungratefull Medicines ; they may be dissolv'd in any convenient distill'd water , as Parsley , Fennel , &c. or it may be taken by it self in the manner of a Bolus . FINIS . ADVERTISEMENTS . THIS is to give notice to all Persons , chiefly country Physicians and Chyrurgeons , that all the Medicines prescrib'd in this Book , are faithfully prepared by the Authour hereof , and may be always had of him at reasonable rates , without Adulteration , or any other Deceits . ALL sorts of Chymical preparations , are faithfully prepared without the least Sophistication or Adulteration , and to be sold at reasonable rates , by Christopher Pack Chymist , at the Globe and Furnaces in the Postern , by More-gate , where a Catalogue may be had Gratis . An Interpretation of certain hard Words , which you shall meet with unexplained in this Treatise . A. ABdomen , All that part of the Belly , which is between the Ribs and the Privy members , consisting of Skin , Fat and Muscles . Abcess , an Impostume , or gathering of ill Humours to one part of the Body , and there drawn to a Head. Abstersive , a cleansing Medicine . Acerbity , Sourness . Acid , eager , sour , or sharp . Acrimony , Sharpness . An acute Disease is a sharp Sickness , which doth quickly either dispatch or deliver the Sick. Aetites , the Stone with Child , found in an Eagles-nest . Affected part , the part grieved , or distempered . Alchimy , the Art of melting or dissolving Metals , &c. and separating the pure from the impure . Alexiterion , Alexipharmacum , a preservative Medicine against Poison , and Infection . Amputation , the cutting off of a Member . Amulet , any thing hanged about the Neck . Anatomy , the Trunk of a dead Body , from whence all the Flesh , Sinews , &c. is cut off , and nothing remaining but the bare Bones . Anodyne , appeasing Pain . Antidote , a Preservative against Poison and Infection . Antimonial , made of Antimony . Anus , the Fundament . Apertion , an Opening . Apophlegmatism , a Medicine which chewed , draweth Phlegm and other Humours out of the Head , and voideth them at the Mouth . Apoplexy , a general Palsie of the whole Body . Apozeme , a thin Decoction of Herbs . Aromaticks , Medicines made of Spice . Arteries , hollow Vessels , wherein the vital Bloud , and Spirits are contained , which causeth the Pulse , as you may feel at the Wrists , & c· Arthritick pains , the Gout or any other Pain of the Joints . Aspera Arteria , the Wind-pipe . Astrictive , Astringent , which hath Power to bind . B. BAlneo , Bath . Balsamick , Healing , of the Nature of Balsam . Bechical , easing the Cough . Bile , Choler . Bolus , a Lump , a Morsel . Bronchia , the Gristles of the Wind-pipe . Bubo , a Sore about the Groin . C. CAchexy , ill habit of Body . Cacochymy , ill Juice in the Body . Calcinate , to burn into Ashes . Capillary , as small as a Hair. Carbuncle . a Plague-sore . Cardiack , Cordials . Cariosity , Rottenness . Carminative , that cleanseth the Body of Wind. Cartilage , a Gristle . Caruncle , a little Piece of Flesh. Catagmatical , Medicines to cure broken Bones . Cataplasm , a Pultess . Cataract , a Disease of the Eyes . Catarrh , a Rheum . Cathartick , a purging Medicine . Catheretick , a Medicine to consume superfluous Flesh. Cauterize , to burn or sear . Cephalicks , Med. for the Head. Cerebellum , the little Brain . Chalybeate , red-hot Steel in any thing . Chylus , a white Juice coming of the Meat digested in the Stomach . Cholagogue , a Medicine that purgeth Choler . Chronical , staying long . Coliries , Medicines for sore Eyes . Colliquation , a Dissolving . Coriza , a snottish Rheum . Crisis , Judgment . Cuticula , the Scarf-skin . Cystick passage , the Passage of the Choler from the Gall. D. DEfluction , a flowing down of Humours , Delirium , Dotage , Light-headed . Desiccative , a drying Medicine . Diaphragma , the Midriff . Diaphoretick , a sweating Cordial . Diaphoresis , Evaporation by sweat . Diarrhea , a Flux or Lask . Diastole , Dilatation of the Heart , &c. Diuretical , causing Vrine . Dormative , to cause sleep . Ducts , little Pipes for Water , &c. Dura mater , the strongest Skin encompassing the Brain . Dysentery , the Bloudy-flux . Disuria , scalding of Vrine . E. EFfervescency , a working , a fermenting . Elixir , a Quintessence . Embrocate , to bedew . Embryon , an imperfect Child in the Womb , without shape . Emetick , a Vomit . Emplastick , a clammy Medicine . Emulsion , a Medicine like milk . Epilepsie , the Falling-sickness . Epidemical , Ill , the Plague . Epispastick , a Medicine to raise Blisters . Epithems , are certain Powders , put in little Bags , and wet in Wine , &c. and applied to the Regions of the Heart , Liver , &c. Errhines , liquid Medicines to snuff up the Nose . Escharotick , a potential Cautery . Exulcerate , to blister . F. FAscinate , to bewitch . Fibers , small hairy strings . Fistula , a hollow Vlcer with Callocity . Filtration , a straining fire . Foetus , the young . Fomentation , an asswaging Bath . G. GArgarism , a Liquour to wash the Mouth . Gargarise , to wash the Mouth . Gangrene , an Inflammation tending to Mortification . Gonorrhaea , the Running of the Reins . H. HAemorrhage , an excessive or continual Flux of Bloud . Haemorrhoids , the Piles , also the Veins in the Fundament . Hepaticks , of or belonging to the Liver . Hernius , broken Bellied . Homogeneous , Homogeneal of one Kind . Hydromel , Water and Honey . Hydrocele , a waterish Rupture . Hydrocephalos , a Dropsie in the Head. Hydragogue , a Medicine to purge water . Hydropical , that have the Dropsie . Hypochondries , the fore-part of the Belly about the short Ribs . Hypochondriacal , a windy Melancholy . Hysterical , of or belonging to the Womb. I. ICterical , having the Jaundice . Icchorous , waterish , mattery . Jejunum , the hungry Gut. Ileon , the third small Gut. Iliack passion , a grievous Disease in the Gut Ileon . Impostume , vide Abcess . Inflammation , an hot angry Swelling . Ingredients , that which goeth into the making of a thing . Intercostal , between the Ribs . Ischuria , Stoppage of Vrine . Jugular vein , in the Throat . L. LActeal veins , milkie Veins . Lethargy , a slothfull sleepy Disease of the Head. Lientery , a Looseness , caused by undigestion . Ligament , a bond or binding . Linament , a kind of hard Ointment . Lipothimy , fainting , sounding . Lithotomy , cutting out of the Stone . Lixivial , made of Lye. Lixivium , a Lye made of Ashes . Lympha , a waterish Humour . M. MAsticatory , a Medicine to chew in the Mouth . Medicinal , of or belonging to Physick . Membrane , a thin Skin . Menstruous , a Woman having her Menses , or monthly Terms . Mercurial , made of Quick-silver . Mesentery , the thick fat Membrane , that fasteneth the Guts , &c. Muscle , an Instrument of voluntary motion in the Body . N. NArcotical , stupefactive , that hath power to stupefie , or make the Body insensible . Neopolitan disease , the Pox. Nephritick , of the Reins . Nitrous , made of Salt Petre. O. OPiate , made of Opium , to cause sleep , and give ease . Ophthalmy , Inflammation of the Eye . Optick nerve , the Sinew which bringeth sight to the Eye . P. PAlate , the hollow of the Mouth above . Panchymagogon , a Medicine which purgeth all Humours . Pancreas , the Sweet-bread . Paracenthesis , a tapping for the Dropsie , &c. Pralitical , that have the Dropsie . Pectoral , of or belonging to the Breast . Pericardium , the Membrane involving the Heart . Periosteum , a thin Skin enwrapping the Bones . Peripneumony , an Impostume of the Lungs . Peritonaeum , the inner Rim of the Belly . Pest , the Plague . Pharmacy , Medicine . Phlegmagogues , Medicines that purgeth Phlegm . Phlebotomy , Bloud-letting . Phrenetical , that hath the Phrensie . Pia mater the tender Skin enwrapping the Brain . Pituitous , phlegmatick . Pleuretical , that hath the Pleurisie . Plethorick , fullness of Bloud . Prohylactick , a Preservative against the Plague , &c. Ptisan , Barloy-water . Pulsation , a beating . Pulverize , pulverate , to beat into Powder . Puncture , a Pricking . Purgative , which hath virtue to purge . Purulent , full of matter . Pustule , a Wheal or Blister . Q. QUartan ague , that cometh every fourth Day . Quintan ague , that cometh every fifth day , but seldom observ'd . Quotidian , that cometh every day . R. RAdical , of or belonging to the Root . Rarefaction , a making thin of what was thick . Rectum , the Arse-gut . Respiration , fetching of breath . Rupture , a breaking . S. SAline , saltish . Salivation , spitting , or fluxing at the Mouth . Sanguification , the changing of the Nourishment into Bloud . Saphena , the Vein by the inner Ancle . Scamoniats , Medicines made of Scammony . Scarifie , to cut or lance . Sceleton , a dry Carcass , of Bones onely . Sciatica , the Hip-gout . Scorbutick , that have the Scurvy . Scrofulae , the Kings-evil . Secundine , the After-birth . Seminal , of the Seed . Serosity , the wheyish , or waterish part of the Bloud . Sphincter muscle , the round compassing Muscle of the Fundament , &c. ordained to prevent untimely excretion . Soluble , Loose . Solvent , that hath Power to melt or dissolve . Soporiferous , causing sleep . Spasm , the Cramp , or Convulsion . Spermatical , of or belonging to the Seed . Spina dorsi , the Back-bone . Spinalis medulla , the Marrow of the Back . Spirituous , full of Spirit . Spissitude , thickness . Sternutatory , to cause sneezing . Sternon , the Breast-bone , where the Ribs meet . Sterillity , Barrenness . Strangury , a pissing by drops . Sudorifick , that causeth Sweat. Suffocate , to choak . Suffumigate , to smoak underneath . Sulphur , Brimstone . Superfetation , a conceiving the second time . Suppuration , a gathering to matter . Symptom , any grief following a Disease , or sensibly joyned with it , as Head-ach with an Ague , &c. Systole , contraction of the Heart , &c. T. TEnasmus , a Neediness to go to stool . Tenuity , Smallness . Thoracick , of or belonging to the Breast . Torsions , gripings of the Guts . Trachea , or Aspera arteria , the Wind-pipe . Transfer , to carry from one place to another . Transmute , to change . Transpiration , sweaty Vapours coming forth of the Pores of the Skin . Tubercles , Pimples , Wheals . Tumour , a swelling . Turgid , after a swelling manner . Tympany , the windy Dropsie . V. VAperous , full of Vopours . Varices , swelling of the Veins in the Legs . Vegetables , Roots or Plants . Vehicle , any thing that carrieth , &c. Ventoses , Cupping-glasses . Verntricle , the Stomach , &c. Verminous , full of Worms . Vertebra , the Back-bone . Vertigo , Giddiness . Vesiccatory , a Medicine to draw Blisters . Virulent , deadly , poisonous . Viscous , clammy like Bird-lime . Vitiate , to corrupt . Volatile , that flieth . U. ULcerate , to blister , to break out into Sores . Unguent , an Ointment . Ureters , the Vessels by which the Vrine passeth from the Reins to the Bladder . Urethra , the passage of Vrine from the Bladder , through the Yard , &c. Uvula , a fleshy substance , hanging down , like a Grape , from the Roof of the Mouth , towards the Root of the Tongue . ADVERTISEMENT . A New Idea of the Practice of Physick ; written by that famous Franciscus De-le-boc Sylvius ; late chief Professour of Physick in the University of Leiden . The first Book ; of the Diseases either constituting , producing , or following the Natural functions of Man not in Health . Wherein is contain'd , beside a new Method in General , a Vindication of the Spleen and Mother from fits attributed to them . As also a new Discovery of intermitting Fevers , the Yellow-jaundice , and other Diseases , never before discover'd . All clear'd by Anatomical experiments , and Chymical demonstrations ; as also by their Cures . Faithfully translated by Richard Gower , formerly Student under the Authour . Printed for Brabazon Aylmer , at the three Pigeons against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill . in Octavo . THE END . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A46939-e2530 Cephalalgia . Cephalaea . Hemicrania . Signs . Progn . Cure. Clyster . Julep . Powder . A medicinal Wine . Apozeme . Purging Pills . Epitheme . For a quilted Cap. Signs . Cure. Powder . Cordial Julep . Clyster . Vomit . Purging Potion . Troches . Purging Infusion . Electuary . Observation . Julep . Tincture . Emulsion . Julep . Epitheme . Ointment . Paralysis . Apoplexi● . Cause . Cause internal . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial to cause sweat . Observation . Clyster . Suppository . Purging Pills . Purging Electuary . Vomit . Cordial Julep . Medicinal Wine . Bath . Oil. Plaister . Sneezing Powder . Spasmus . Epilepsia . Partes affectae . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Julep . Infusion . Cordial to cause Sweat. Purging Pills . Infusion . Ointment . Masticatory . Epileptick Powder . Incubus . Cause . Vertigo . Cause . Lethargus . Signs . Coma. Carus . Causes . Progn . Cure. Julep . Decoction . Sneezing Powder . Vomit . Purging Pills . Purging Infusion . Fomentation . Oil. Phrenitis . Mania . Cause . Progn . Cure. Clyster . Julep . Opiat . Epitheme . Li●amen● . Dieta . Julep . Purging Pills . Cause . Progn . Cure. Julep . Purging Pills . Purging Potion . Clyster . Purging Decoction . Pills opiat . Tussis . Sputum Sanguinis . Decoction . Astringent Julep . Pectoral Julep . For a quilted Cap. Powder to fume the Head , &c. Masticatory . Note . Plaster for the Head. Notes for div A46939-e11710 Asthma . Cause . Progn . Cure. Pectoral Julep . Pleuritis . Signs . Peripneumonia . Cause . Progn . Empiema . Cure. Cure. Sudorifick . Fomentation . Ointment . Plaster . Pultis . Balsam Sulphur . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * Compunctio . Caution . Tabes . Causes . Signs . Progn . Febris Hecticae . Signs . Liber 12. de marc . cap. 4. Causes . Progn . Cure. Powder . Cause . Progn . Cure. Julep . Purging Pills . Purging Decoction . Cordial Julep . Syncope . Signs . Causes . Progn . Cure. Decoction . Purging Pills . Purging Pills . Cordial Julep . Difference . Symptomes . Causes . Lipiria febris . Cause . Hystory . Progn . Pars affecta . Cure. Cautio . Purging Decoction . Volatile Powder . Cordial Julep . Observation . Causes . ●he cause 〈◊〉 the Re●●rn of the 〈◊〉 . Quotidian . Cure. Cordial Julep . Purging Pills . Powder . Difference . Calenture . Signs . Cause of Malignity . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial Sudorifick . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial Electuar● ▪ Cordial Jalep . Signs . Causes . Progn . Cure. Cordial Julep . Phlebotomy . Water 〈◊〉 the Eyes Gargaris . Nodulas . Notes for div A46939-e20210 Cause . Signs . Cure. Julep . Emulsion . Purging Infusion· Pica . Malacia . Cause . Cause . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Nausea . Cause . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiat . Purging Decoction . Diet-drink . Cause . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiat . Purging Pills . Cause . Progn . Cure. Ileos . Choler . Cholerica passio . Hoemoptysis . Cause of Ileos . Causes of the cholerick passion . Causes of vomiting Bloud . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiate . Cure of Cholerick passion . Vomit . Cordial Opiate . Cure of bloudy vomiting . Astringent Julep . Carminative Julep . Purging Pills . Cure of Iliaca passio . Clyster . Emulsion . Cholica Passio . Tenesmus Signs . Causes . Cause of the Colick . Observation . Tympany . Progn . Cure. Julep . Emulsion . Purging Potion . Cordial Diaphoretick . Cordial Julep . Cure of the Cholick . Clyster . Ointment . Empl. Carminative Julep . Purging Decoction . Purging Pills . Teretes . Taenia . Ascarides . Vermina . Signs of Teretes . Signs of Taenia . Signs of Ascarides . Signs of Vermina . Progn . Cure. Purging Pills . Lienteria . Coeliaca . Diarrhoea . Dysentery . Tenasmus . Hemorrhoids . Causes . Causes of Lientery . Cause of the Jaundice-like flux . Cause of the Chyle-like flux . Causes of the divers kinds of Diarrhoea . Cause of a Dysentery . Cause of Tenasmus . Cause of Hemorrhoids , &c. Signs . Progn . Cure. Purging Powder . Cordial Julep . Decoction . Powder . Astringent Julep . Clyster . Purging Bolus . Bolus . Opiat . Decoction . Sudorifick . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Diaphoretick . Opiate . Bath . Ointment . Icterus . Cause . Progn . Cure. Decoction . Sudorifick Diuretick Decoction . Opiate . Cachexia . Signs . Progn . Cure. Hydrops . Ascites . Cause . Cause . Cause of a Tympany . Signs of Ascites . Signs of Anasarca . Signs of a Tympany . Progn . Cure. Purging Infusion . Purging Pills . Pills . Sudorifick . Carminative Julep . Medicinal Wine . Ointment . Pultess . Hypochondriacus . Causes . Progn . Cure. Julep . Electuary . Purging Powder . Medicinal Wine . Tincture . Linament Water against the Scurvy . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial to cause Sweat. Powder . Purging Pills . Medicinal wine . Cause . Cause of Whites . Signs . Progn . Cure. Astringent Julep . Purge . Purging Pills . Astringent Electuary . Astringent Julep . Linament Plaster . Fume . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Bath . Powder . For a quilted Bag. Progn . ●ure . Infusion . Electuary . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Purging Infusion . Cordial to cause sweat . Causes . Signs . Progn . Indications . Cordial Julep . Powder . Julep . Cordial Opiate . Clyster . Fomentation . Cause . Observation . Signs . Cause of the Stone . Histories . History . Progn . Cure. Purging Bolus . Julep . Powder . Decoction . Julep . Cordial Astringent . Julep . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiate . Decoction . Pissing in Bed. Causes . Progn . Cure. Cause . Progn . Cure. Causes . Progn . Cure. Decoction . Lues venerea . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Apozeme . Purging Pills . Decoction . Purging Pills . Bolus . Ointment . Balsamick Pills . Injection . Observatio . Causes Signs . Progn . Cure. Vomit . Observatio . Infusion . Purging Bolus . Linament . Plaster . Pectoral Ointment . Arthritis . Causes . Observatio . Signs . Progn . Cure. Fomentation . Pultess . Cataplasm . Linament . Purging Pills . Water against the Gout . Rheumatismus . Cause . Progn . Cure. Linament . 
A46940	----	Praxis medicinæ reformata: = or, The practice of physick reformed Being an epitome of the whole art: wherein is briefly shewed, the true causes, signs, prognosticks, and cure, of most diseases. Published for the benefit of all persons. By Robert Johnson, Med. Professor. Johnson, Robert, b. 1640? 1700 Approx. 464 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 182 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A46940 Wing J817 ESTC R216577 99828303 99828303 32730 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A46940) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 32730) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1950:11) Praxis medicinæ reformata: = or, The practice of physick reformed Being an epitome of the whole art: wherein is briefly shewed, the true causes, signs, prognosticks, and cure, of most diseases. Published for the benefit of all persons. By Robert Johnson, Med. Professor. Johnson, Robert, b. 1640? [6], xxii, [4], 203, [1], 204, [1], 205-317, [7] p. : ill. (port) printed for Brabazon Aylmer, at the Three Pigeons, in Cornhil, London : 1700. With engraved frontispiece. Text is continuous despite pagination. An additional leaf of text numbered 204 on recto appears to be tipped in between leaves O6 and O7. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Diseases -- Early works to 1800. 2004-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-06 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-07 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2004-07 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Vera Effigies . Roberti Iohnson Praxis Medicinae Reformata : OR , THE Practice of Physick REFORMED . BEING AN Epitome of the whole Art : Wherein is briefly shewed , The true Causes , Signs , Prognosticks , and Cure , of most Diseases . Published for the Benefit of all Persons . By Robert Johnson , Med. Professor . Medicina Experientiâ & Ratione fundari debet . LONDON : Printed for Brabazon Aylmer , at the Three Pigeons , in Cornhil . 1700. TO THE READER . IN this little Tract , I have bestowed some Pains , in searching out , and proposing the true Causes and Cure of Diseases : Which , I hope , will induce other Ingenious-spirited Artists to a farther Enquiry , that so the Art of Physick may be the better illustrated , and many things in it that are yet obscure , may be made known . The Chief End of Physick , is to maintain and recover Health ; wherefore I think it would be more for the Honour of all Learned Physicians , to employ themselves in the Improvement of the Materia Medica , ( which have been hitherto too much neglected ) than to content themselves with a formal Way of Practice : For Diseases cannot be cured by Scholastick Twattle , or Fine Words , but by good Remedies . The great Platerus , Helmont , and the famous Franciscus de la Boe Sylvius , &c. did endeavour to reform the Practice of Physick , and excelled many others ( their Contemporaries ) in the most difficult Cures ; yet because they had recourse to Chymical Remedies , in the Cure of many Diseases , the more lazy Tribe of Physicians made it their Business to traduce them . Truly there are too many such carping Zolius's at this Day ( who envy Glory to all , except themselves ) from whom I must expect the same Fate : I can do no more but pray for them ; Lord , forgive them ; for they know not what they do . From the lower-most Door , on the Right-hand , in Norfolk-street , in the Strand . THE INTRODUCTION : Containing the CAUSES and CURE OF DISEASES In GENERAL : AS ALSO , Some Choice SPECIFICKS for the Cure of DISEASES . THE Causes of Diseases depend on Lympha any way vitiated , because it will ( in time ) corrupt the whole Mass of Blood. Quicquid enim , sive Bilis sit , sive Pituita , sive succus Pancreaticus , sanguisve menstruus , Lympham reddere potens acriorem , dolorem & morbos facile causat , parte affecta male sese habente . This is the Hypothesis of most eminent Physicians , both Ancient and Modern . Spittle being continually swallowed down , and adhering to the Gut , the more fluid part of it is dissolved by the continual Conflux of Choler , and the Juice of the Pancreas , or Sweet-bread , in the small Guts . If Choler ( which abounds with a bitter volatile Lixivial Salt ) be mixt with the Juice of the Pancreas , which is naturally sourish , ( as hath been sufficiently evinced by the indefatigable Industry of the most ingenious Anatomist , Regnerus de Graaf ) they must of necessity stir up an Effervescency in their Concourse there . As long as the aforesaid Humours are well tempered , the Effervescency will be mild , and friendly to Nature , and therefore cannot be perceived in healthy People . The Humours rising from this mild Effervescency , pierceth into the Lacteal Veins , and circulates with the Lympha to the Heart , and seems to give the natural Consistency to the Bloud . The more viscous part of these Humors , passeth by degrees to the thick Guts ; and being there mixed with the Excrements , makes them more viscous and yellow , and helps the Excretion of them . But if there be an Obstruction of the Lacteal Ducts , or Branches of the Panereas , or Sweet-bread , by reason of viscous Flegm , which being separated from the Bloud by the Glandules of the Pancreas , is there collected by degrees ; it is sent from thence ( in too large a quantity ) to the main Duct , or Pipe thereof , which detaineth the Juice of the Pancreas contrary to Nature , which ought continually to flow into the small Guts . The Juice of the Pancreas being compelled to stagnate , or stand still in its passage , quickly grows acrimonious , because the volatile Spirit ( which is naturally conjoin'd to it to temper it ) doth gradually fly away , by which it becometh more acrid , and acquires a putrefactive Ferment , whence at length it makes way through the obstructing Flegm , and is effused into the small Gut , called Duodenum ; where meeting with Choler ( peccant , in a Lixivial Salt Acrimony ) it stirs up a vitious Effervescency , or preternatural Ferment , which raiseth acrimonious Humors , and halituous or flatulent Vapours , which are carried through the Lacteal Veins , and Thoracick Passage , and so through the Vena Cava , ascendens to the right Ventricle of the Heart ; from whence it circulates with the spirituous Blood and Lympha , vitiating , and corrupting the whole Mass of it with its fermental Acrimony : Which is the Cause of most Chronical Diseases , as the famous Franciscus de le Boe Sylvius , hath accurately observed . If the acrid Humours do affect the Head , it may cause most Distempers incident to it , as Head-ach , Convulsions , Epilepsie , Palsie , Apoplexy , &c. If it invades the Lungs , it causeth Difficulty of Breathing , Inflamations , Ulcers , and Phthisis , or Consumption . If it penetrates the Membrane Pleura , it causeth the Pleurisie . If it possesseth the Joints , it causeth Arthritick Pains , or the Gout ; which hath its Name from the Part affected . If there be a Defluxion of acrid Humors on the Reins , Bladder , or Womb , it may cause Inflammations , Ulcers , or Cancers in them . If it be conveyed to the obscene Parts , ( especially after too much impure Coition ) it may cause malign Eruptions , &c. If the Lympha becomes very acrid in the conglobated , and conglomerated Glandules , and if Nature be over-burthened by its plentifulness , it may be the Cause of Catarrhs , Rheumatisms , Scrophula , &c. If acrid Humors be luxuriant in the Blood , and Lympha , it may be the Cause of all Eruptions , as Itch , Scabs , Erisipela's , Leprosie , &c. Acrimonious and flatulent Vapours , may be the Cause of all Ague-Fits , with all their Symptoms , as in the beginning , Horror , Chilness , Cold , Shaking , &c. then follows Reaching , Yawning , and Vomiting , &c. At length these sharp halituous Vapors are carried to the right Ventricle of the Heart , and by their Acrimony alters and troubles its Vital Effervescency ; and by over-stirring the Heart , causeth a more frequent Pulse , and many times produceth grievous Symptoms , as great Heat and Thirst , Difficulty of Breathing , Raving , Heart-ach , Swooning , and all other Symptoms that happen in all Intermitting Fevers . If Choler become peccant , not only in a Lixivial salt Acrimony , but also an inflamable Oyliness ; the Humours ( that are produced from its vitious Effervescency , with the too tart Pancreat Juice , and over-viscous Flegm in the small Guts ) will be the more acrid and fervid ; and circulating ( with the spirituous Blood and Lympha ) to the Heart , will cause an Effervescency in the right Ventricle of it , which will stimulate and incite it to a more forcible Motion , whence the Pulse is continually produced more frequent against Nature ; after which follows great Heat and Burning , &c. and therefore may be called a Fever ; so that this may be the Cause of all continual Fevers not putrid . If the Stomach by Dietetick Errors , as in Eating , or Drinking too much sour Fruit , or Juices , be over-charg'd with Acids , it may prove hostile , injurious , and a morbisick Cause of that which we call the Heart-burning , &c. with sour Belchings , and sometimes a Nauseousness even to Vomiting . In this Case , after the Operation of a gentle Emetick , you may administer half a Dram of the Pouder of Pearl Crabs-Eyes , or any of the Testaceous Pouders , ( twice or thrice in a Day ) to absorb the peccant Acidity ; Chalybeates may be also safely administred . Likewise in all Chronical Diseases , caused by the over-sourness of the Juice of the Pancreas , &c. as aforesaid ; after general Evacuations , the finest Filings of Iron turn'd to Rust , may be given to half a Dram at a time , in a stued Prune , or any other Vehicle , twice in a Day ; because the Stomach by its incisive Acidity , ( together with other accidental , or concomitant Acids ) doth penetrate the Particles of the Iron , and rarifie its Vitriolick Salt , which will not only help Digestion , but kill Worms , and circulates with the Blood and Lympha , and will in time purifie the whole Mass of it . But if Choler be peccant as aforesaid , causing Fevers , and other Acute Diseases ; then after Evacuation , by Vomiting , or Purging , I commend acid Liquors , and Juices , as Lemons , &c. Also purified Niter may be given in all Fevers . But here we may note , That it is the Nature of all Acids , to coagulate and thicken the Blood and its Serum ; wherefore we must be cautious , that we do not let Blood , nor give too many . Acids in the Small-Pox , and malignant Fevers , because in these Distempers , the Blood is preternaturally viscid , and therefore it abounds with too much Acidity ; of which you may read more at large in the ensuing Treatise . I come now to mention some choice Specificks for the Cure of Diseases , for the Sake and Benefit of the Poor , who have not Money to pay a Doctor for his long Receipts , nor the Apothecary for Medicines . SAlt Niter purified , is an efficacious Medicine in the Cure of most Diseases ; it may be poudred with an equal Quantity of white Sugar , and given to half a Dram at a time every six Hours , in all Fevers , the whole time of Sickness , and also before and after ; because it is an acid Salt , and contains in it a volatile incorruptible Sulphur ; and by reason of its Acidity , it refrigerates the inflamed Blood , and powerfully checks the preternatural Fermentation of it , and preserves its natural Consistency : For ( by the subtilty of its Spirit ) it insinuates it self into the whole Mass of Bloud , and penetrates into all Parts , and so strengthens and recreates the Heart , as to make it resist and overcome all Putrefaction , and therefore it is a great Antidote against the Plague , and all contagious Fevers . If it be dissolved in any liquid Vehicle , and drank a little often , it will dilute . the Lixivial Salt of Choler , and being mixed with proper Catharticks , and Balsamick Medicines , it will conduce much to the Cure of most Chronical Distempers also ; for it discusseth Wind , opens all Obstructions , and causes the vitious Humours to precipitate , and to be evacuated both by Urine and Stool . Quicksilver boil'd in Water , with a few Raisons of the Sun to sweeteen it , and the Liquor drank freely , killeth Worms . The Quicksilver may be boiled a thousand times , and always have the same weight ; so that the Water partakes of Mercurial Irradiation , by which it becomes destructive to Worms . A strong Decoction of Ground-Ivy , or Alehoof , sweetned with Sugar-Candy , and a quarter of a Pint of it taken twice or thrice in a Day , helps Distempers of the Breast and Lungs ; and a strong Infusion of it in Aqua Vitae , or Brandy , cureth the Colick . The Decoction of Herb - Robert , and Patronichia , or Whitlow-Grass , with Leaves like Rue , ( given inwardly every Day , 'till the Mass of Blood , and Juices of the Body be impregnated with the Vertues of the Herbs ) cureth the King's-Evil . The Juice of Penny-royal clarified ; and a little sweetned with Sugar-Candy , and given the quantity of a Spoonful , three or Four times in a Day , cureth all sorts of Coughs . Cows and Goats-milk boiled in an equal quantity of Water , ( wherein unslak'd Lime hath been quenched , and a little Cinamon , and the young Bark of the Oak bruised and boiled in it , 'till a third part be consumed ) cureth all kinds of Fluxes . Glauber's Sal Mirabile , is an excellent Lenitive Cathartick : It may be safely given to Men , Women , or Children , in all Diseases where purging is necessary . The Dose is from half a Dram to an Ounce , dissolved in warm Whey , or Milk and Water . A few Drops of rectified Oyl of Vitriol , mixed with a quarter of a Pint of fair Water , to a light Acidity , a little sweetned with white Sugar , and drank every Day for some time , killeth Worms , and quencheth Thirst in Fevers . If you mix an Ounce of rectified Oyl of Vitriol , with two Ounces of Oyl of Ben , or pure Oyl of Olives , stirring it 'till it be well incorporated , you have a good Balsam to ease Pain , and cure an Inflammation in any part , by anointing once in a Day or two , you may apply a Colwort-leaf , ( or a Plaister of Diachilon , or a Poultis of White-Bread and Milk , with a little Butter in it ) to the grieved part , after anointing ; but you must have a care that it does not touch your Linnen . A strong Tincture of Catechu , or Japonian Earth , ( with half its weight of Jesuits Bark , both in fine Pouder ) in small Cinamon-Water , cureth Catarrhs , and all sorts of Fluxes . Take a quarter of a Spoonful thrice a Day , in any Vehicle . Sweating is good in most Diseases , if Strength permits . Virginia Snake-Root , and the Root of Contra Yerva , bruised and boiled in fair Water , and sweetned with a little Sugar ; and given a quarter of a Pint every four Hours , to any that are bitten with an enraged Viper , soon cureth the Patient , especially if you bathe the part bitten with the same Decoction , ( without Sugar ) so hot as can be endured . Gambogia finely poudred , and mixed with an equal quantity of pure Niter , and given to half a Dram at a time , twice or thrice in a Week , soon cureth the Yellow-Jaundice , and Dropsies . The best Gum Arabick , given at least a Dram , twice or thrice in a Day , either in Pouder , or dissolved in small Ale , or any other convenient Vehicle , doth wonderfully mitigate the Sharpness of Urine . A strong Decoction of woody Nightshade , a little sweetned with Sugar , and given to a quarter of a Pint every Morning , will purge gently , and open all Obstructions , and cure the Yellow-Jaundice , Dropsies , &c. The Decoction of Hearts-Ease , sweetned with Sugar-Candy , cureth the Pleurisie , and other Inflammations . It is an excellent Antivenerian , &c. and therefore it may be a chief Ingredient in Decoctions to cure the French-Pox . A Decoction of Groundsel is an universal Medicine for all Diseases coming of Heat : It purgeth gently ; and if the Stomach be nauseous , it may cause Vomiting : It is very safe , and may be given in all Distempers , where Purging is necessary . The fresh Herb , boiled in Milk 'till it be tender , and then strained out , and the Herb bruised and boiled in the same Milk , with Crumbs of White-Bread , or fine Oatmeal , into the Consistence of a Poultis , and a litle Oyl , or Hog's-fat put to it , and applied to any Inflamation , or Swelling , it will soon give Ease , and either dissolve the Tumor , or bring it to Suppuration . Native Cinnaber , finely powdred and washed , ( from its volatile malignant Salt ) often in warm Water , and rectified Spirit of Wine burnt over it two or three times , doth Wonders in curing most Chronical Diseases . The Dose is from ten Grains to twenty , in any Vehicle . Missleto dried , and finely poudred with double its weight of white Sugar , and a few Drops of Oyl of Amber mixed with it ; half a Dram of this Pouder given twice or thrice in a Day , cureth Convulsions , and the Epilepsie . Crude Antimony flux'd ( at least an Hour ) with decrepitated Sea Salt , in a strong Fire , and afterwards washed from the Salt in warm Water , is friendly to Nature , and cureth Fevers . The Dose is from five Grains to ten , in any Vehicle . The Jesuit's Bark finely poudred , and given from half a Dram to two Drams , or more at a time , infused in Wine , and drank at the going off of the Fit , and afterwards every four Hours , is such a Specifick for the curing of all Intermitting Fevers , or Agues , that it seldom fails , especially if the Patient be well purged before he take it . You must continue the use of it for at least ten Days , that the Particles of the Pouder may be continually conveyed into the Bloud , by which the Febritick Ferment may be destroyed . Give the Sick a little Broth of Mutton , or Chicken , with a few Crumbs of White-Bread , ( or any other Food easie of Digestion ) within half an Hour after the taking of each Dose , which will mix with the Chile , and the Bloud will be impregnated with the Vertue of it . It also cureth all kinds of Fluxes . Three or four Drops of the Juice of Ivy , or of Asarabacca clarified , and dropt into each Ear warm , every other Night , ( and the Ear gently stopt afterwards with Cotton , or Wool ) will soon cure Deafness ; snuff up the Juices into each Nostril also , to purge the Head. Two Grains of each of the aforesaid Herbs dried , and finely poudred , and snuffed up each Nostril , at Night going to Bed , twice in a Week , will purge the Head of Rheum , and cure an inveterate Head-ach , Tooth-ach , and Inflammation of the Eyes , &c. The Syrup of the Juice of Buckthorn-Berries , or of wild Cucumbers , taken an Ounce at a time , with two Drams of pure Nitre , dissolved in Ale or Whey , twice or thrice in a Week , cureth the Dropsie . The Pouder of Olibanum , or Mastick , or equal parts of both , mixed with old Conserves of Roses , and taken the quantity of a Nutmeg , twice or thrice in a Day , cureth a Catarrh , especially if you blow some of the Pouder into the Throat every Night going to Bed , to strengthen the Salival Glands . Lapis Haematites , or the Bloud-stone , being applied to the bleeding part , will stop the Hemorrhage . It is likewise an excellent Medicine taken inwardly , being repleted with the Primum ens Auri ; from which ( being finely poudred ) may be drawn a Gold-like Tincture , with a strong Aqua Regis , made of the rectified Spirit of Nitre , and Sal Armoniack ; to which you may add four times the quantity of rectified Spirit of Wine . Take twenty Drops of it in a Glass of Ale or Wine , two or three times in a Day : It cureth most Chronical Diseases . The true Lapis Nephriticus , cureth the Stone , being prepared and taken after the same manner . Ens Veneris is good to cure the Rickets ; three or four Grains of it may be given to a Child twice a Day , in any Vehicle . Half a Dram of the fine Pouder of Gum of Guiacum , mixed with an equal quantity of factitious Cinnaber in fine Pouder , given every other Morning , ( in a Spoonful of Milk or Whey ) for thirty or forty days , cureth the Venereal Pox , and most other Chronical Diseases . Oyl of Walnuts , or Linseed-Oyl , ( by expression ) ( either exhibited inwardly , or given in Clysters to four Ounces at a time ) giveth Ease in the Stone and Collick , &c. A Dram of Oyl of Amber unrectified , ( mixed with an Ounce of Populion ) cureth the Piles . Purified Honey is a universal Balsam : It cureth Sore-Eyes , being spread on a fine Rag , and applied ; mix it with Gargarisms for sore Mouths , and with Injections for hollow Ulcers , &c. The gross Pouder of Mastick is excellent ( to smoke in a Pipe ) for a Defluxion of Rheum on the Lungs , &c. Saccharum Saturni , ( dissolved in Water ) mortifies sharp Humors in the Eyes , and all other Inflammations ; it is a great Anodine , cures Burnings , and Scaldings in a short time , stops Bleeding , and prevents Accidents in Amputations , for it resisteth Putrefaction . If you give half a Dram of it twice a day , in any Vehicle , it will soon quench the Flame of Lust. Half an Ounce of burnt Alum , mixed with two Ounces of White-wine-Vinegar , cureth an Inflammation in any part , being spread on a Rag , and applied . Sulphur of Copper , or Vitriol ( called Sulphur of Venus ) is an incomparable Anodine , far exceeding any Opiate . Roman Vitriol calcin'd to redness , stoppeth all Fluxes of Blood in a moment , and cures Wounds by the first intention . You may dissolve half a Dram of it in three or four Spoonfuls of warm Water , and dip a Pledget of Lint in it , and apply it to the Wound , keeping the Lips of it close : But if the Wound be deep , it must be injected with a Syringe . Any other Vitriol is of the same Virtue ; but not so potent . Half an Ounce of Quicksilver , mixed with an Ounce of Pomatum , ( spread on a long Linnen Rag , two Inches broad , and covered with another Linnen Rag for a Girdle ) worn for some time , cureth the Itch. But you must purge once or twice in a Week , to prevent Salivation . The small Bone in a black Snail's-head , used as an Amulet , to hang about the Neck ; and Rings made of an Elk's-hoof , or of the Teeth of a true Sea-Horse , and worn continually , are all of the same Virtue , and cureth the Cramp . The Hand of a dead Man or Woman , being laid upon a Scrophulous Tumor , and there kept 'till the Patient do feel the Coldness of it penetrate to the innermost parts of the Swelling , it will dispel and cure it by often doing . It likewise cureth a Dropsie of the Belly . The Roots of Contra yerva , or Counterpaison , Virginia Snake-root , and Zedoary , all , or either of them , is good against the Plague , and all contagious Fevers , any way used . Here followeth some Receipts of choice Medicines , which I use in my own Practice . Pulvis Balsamicus noster , Our Balsamick Pouder . TAke of Sarsaparilla grosly poudred four Ounces ; let it be infused in two Quarts of rectified Spirit of Wine , for two or three Days , then press it out very hard , and add the same quantity of Sarsaparilla as before ; do this for eight or ten times , the ostner the better ; add to the Spirit , of the best Gum of Guiacum , in fine Pouder half a Pound ; the Balsam of Peru and Tolu , of each two Cunces , mix them all together in a Glass Resort , lute a Receiver to it , and digest it for ten days , then draw off all the Spirit with a gentle heat in Balneo Mariae when it is cold , break the Retort , and take out the Pouder , and keep it for use . It is an efficacious Medicine against the Rheumatism , Gout , Venereal Pox , and all Chronical Diseases . The Dose is half a Dram in a Spoonful of Whey or Milk , or any other Vehicle , every Morning fasting ; or mix it with an equal quantity of factitious Cinnaber in fine Pouder , and give it every Morning and Evening for some time . Electuarium Antiscorbuticum nostrum , Our Electuary against the Scurvy , &c. Take of the Berries of Bays , Ivy and Juniper , of each four Ounces ; the Seeds of Dwarf-Elder , Burdock , Ash , Broom , Peony , Gromwel , the Bark of Elder , of each two Ounces . Let them be all bruised , and boiled in the Juices of Elder-Berries , and wild Cucumbers , of each one Pound ; the Juice of Buckthorn-Berries , four Pound , 'till half of it be boiled away ; then press it out very hard , and boil it to the Consistence of a Pulp ; to every Pound of it , add an equal quantity of white Sugar , and boil it again , 'till it be almost as thick as an Electuary ; then dissolve in it ( whilst it is very hot ) the same weight of pure Nitre , as there is of Sugar . To every Pound of the Electuary , add four Ounces of Balm of Gilead , two Ounces of our Balsamick Pouder before mention'd , one Ounce of factitious Cinnaber , in fine Pouder ; and two Drams of Oyl of Juniper ; mix all together , according to Art. It is an excellent Cathartick in all Diseases which requires Purging , for it potently evacuates all vitious Humours promiscuously out of the Body ; it cureth the King's-Evil , Rheumatism , Gout , Dropsie , Scurvy , dry Belly-ach , and all curable Diseases . The Dose is from two Drams to an Ounce . It may be given in the form of a Bolus , or dissolved in Ale , Whey , or any other liquid Vehicle , and taken in the Morning fasting . Sal Chalybis noster , Our Salt of Steel , or Iron . Take the finest Filings of Iron , or Steel , rectified Oyl of Vitriol , of each one Pound , mix them together in a large Earthen-Pan , well glazed ; let it stand for two or three Hours , then pour into it two or three Quarts of fair Water , and it will presently effervesce , and the Salt will stick about the Pan ; take it out , and keep it for use . Tinctura Chalybis , The Tincture of Iron , or Steel . Take the finest Filings of Iron , or Steel , four Ounces ; rectified Spirit of Nitre half a Pound ; mix them together in an Earthen-Pan , well glazed , when the Effervescency is over , let it cool , and add to it Spirit of Wine rectified , five Pound , mix it well together , then filter it through brown Paper , and keep it for use . Both of these Medicines are great Aperitives , opens all Obstructions , cures the Rickets , Green-sickness , Stoppage of the Terms , Yellow-Jaundice , &c. they strengthen the Stomach , kills Worms , and purifies the whole Mass of Blood. You may give from half a Scruple , to half a Dram of the Salt , in any Vehicle , every Morning . The Tincture may be taken from ten to forty Drops at a time , in Beer , Ale , or Wine . Aqua Styptica nostra , Our Stiptick Water . Take of pure white Vitriol , Roch-Alum , of each four Ounces , let them be poudred , and calcined in a Crucible , 'till it be red-hot , then quench it with Wine-Vinegar , and calcine it again . Take it out of the Crucible , and dissolve it in a Gallon of Spring-water ; add to it two Ounces of Saccharum Saturni ; then strain it , and keep it for use . It cures the Itch , and all other Eruptions , the grieved Parts being wash'd with it three or four times in a day . It likewise cureth hollow Ulcers , and Fistula's , the Gonorrhaea in Men , and the Whites in Women . You may inject it with a Syringe warm , twice in a day . AN INDEX OF THE CHAPTERS , Comprehending all the Diseases of this BOOK . The Contents of the First Book . Chap. Page I. OF the Head-ach . 1 II. Of the Palsie , and Apoplexy . 13 III. Of Convulsions , and the Epilepsie . 22 IV. Of the Night-mare , and Vertigo . 35 V. Of the Lethargy , Coma , Carus , and Catalepsie , or Catochus . 38 VI. Of the Phrensie , and Madness 44 VII . Of Catarrhs . 55 The Contents of the Second Book . Chap. Page I. OF Shortness of Breathing . 69 II. Of the Pleurisie , and other Instammations . 72 III. Of the Consumption , or Phtisick and Hectick-Fever . 83 IV. Of the Palpitation of the Heart . 92 V. Of an universal Languishing , as also of Swouning , and Syncope . 96 VI. Of Fevers in General . 103 VII . Of Intermitting Fevers . 116 VIII . Of Malignant Fevers , and the Calenture . 124 IX . Of the Plague , or Pestilence . 129 X. Of the Small-pox , and Measles . 136 The Contents of the Third Book . Chap. Page I. OF the thirsty Disease . 141 II. Of Hunger vitiated , or of a depraved Appetite . 144 III. Of want of Appetite , or loathing of Victuals . 148 IV. Of the Hiccet , or Hiccough . 152 V. Of Belching . 156 VI. Of Vomiting , and of the Cholerick , and Iliack Passion . 158 VII . Of Pain in the Stomach , and of various Pains of the Guts , as Colick , &c. 168 VIII . Of Worms . 179 IX . Of Loosenesses , or Fluxes of the Belly . 185 X. Of the dry Belly-ach . 196 XI . Of the Yellow-Iaundice . 202 XII . Of a Cachexy , or ill Habit of Body . 207 XIII . Of Dropsies . 211 XIV . Of the Scurvy , and Hypochondriack Suffocation , commonly called Fits of the Mother . 222 XV. Of the Green-sickness , and Suppression of the Courses . 231 XVI . Of the immoderate menstrual Flux , and the Whites in Women . 237 XVII . Of the Falling down of the Womb , and Fundament . 242 XVIII . Of Barrenness . 245 XIX . Of Abortion , or Miscarriage . 249 XX. Of hard Travel in Child-birth . 252 XXI . Of Nephritick Pains , and of the Stone in the Reins and Bladder . 257 XXII . Of extraordinary Pissing . 269 XXIII . Of involuntary Pissing , commonly called Pissing in Bed. 272 XXIV . Of the Stoppage of Urine , and the Strangury . 274 XXV . Of the scalding or sharpness of Urine . 277 XXVI . Of Venereal Affects . 279 XXVII . Of the Rachites , or Rickets . 288 XXVIII . Of the Gout and Rheumatism . 303 Praxis Medicinae Reformata : OR , THE Practice of Physick REFORMED . BEING AN Epitome of the whole Art : Wherein is briefly shewed , The true Causes , Signs , Prognosticks , and Cure , of most Diseases . BOOK I. CHAP. I. Of the Head-ach . THE Head-ach may be divided into three Kinds . The first is the momentany Head-ach , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Caput , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Dolor . The second is an inveterate Head-ach , and is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod tegit Calvarium . The third is a Pain on one Part of the Head , before , behind , or on one side ; this is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , cranium , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , dimidium . There is little difference between Cephalaea and Cephalalgia ; only per Cephalaeam affectae partes multo redduntur quam in Cephalalgia debiliores . These Distempers are caused by Halituous Vapours , and Humours , fuming up ( from the Stomach and other Parts ) to the Head. 1. If the Pain be external , so that the combing of the Head be troublesome , then the Pericranium is affected : But if the Pain be internal , reaching to the Eye-roots , then the Dura mater is invaded with the peccant Humours . 2. If there be pricking , distending Pain with great Pulsation , it is from sharp bilious Humours , or Halitus ; but if the Pain be heavy , it is caused from viscous Phlegm or Melancholy . 1. If a violent Head-ach come suddenly on a healthy Person , and the Party become dumb , and snort , 't is a mortal sign , unless a great Fever do immediately happen . 2. If corrupt waterish Matter or Bloud do issue out of the Nostrils , Mouth , Ears or Eyes , ( especially on the fourth Day ) the sick will suddenly recover ; but if the Pain be very violent , and do suddenly vanish without a Crisis , 't is doubtfull . 3. If the Pain be without a Fever , accompanied with noise in the ears , deafness , or megrim , with numbness of the extreme parts , an Apoplexy or Epilepsy , is at hand . 4. Those that have Cholerick stomachs , are most subject to a Hemicrania ; and if it continue long , it causeth weakness of the Eyes , and sometimes blindness . If the Head-ach proceed from Phlegmatick Viscous humours abounding , first give this Clyster . Take of Vervain , Betony , Mallows , Mercury of each one handfull : Let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Quart of Posset-drink , 'till half of it be boiled away , then strain it and dissolve in it one ounce of the Electuary Caryocostinum , Oil of Chamomel two ounces ; mix it for a Clyster . Sour things , and all that have a Lixivial salt , either fixt , or volatile , and all Aromaticks do correct and amend the viscous Phlegmatick humours . Let these forms serve for example . Take the Waters of Baum , and Mint , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , and aqua Coelestis , of each half an ounce ; Syrup of Fennel , and Mint , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Salt , as much as will make it of a gratefull taste , mix it , and give three spoonfulls of it often . Take salt of Tartar vitriolated half a drachm ; Cream of Tartar one drachm ; white Sugar-candy two drachms ; make it into a fine Powder for four Doses , which may be taken every morning and evening in white or Rhenish wine . For the Rich you may prepare a medicinal Wine . This may serve for example . Take the Roots of Elicampane , Calamus aromaticus , of each one ounce ; of Rue , Sage , Vervain , sweet Marjoram , of each three handfulls ; Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , of each an ounce and half ; Orange-peel half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine . It may be given to three or four ounces in the morning fasting , with twenty drops of Elixir proprietatis , you may also give it by it self , at dinner and supper . When the Wine is used , fresh Wine may be put to the Ingredients , for a second infusion . But farther to correct , and gently evacuate the viscous Phlegmatick humours . This opening Apozeme is effectual . Take of the five opening Roots of each two ounces , Liquorish an ounce and half ; Guiacum half a Pound , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , the Berries of Bays , and Juniper , of each half an ounce ; Vervain , Betony , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised , and infused in two quarts of Rain-water very hot , for twenty four hours ; then strain it out very strongly , and add the best Manna , Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna , of each four ounces ; tincture of Cinamon three ounces ; salt of Tartar vitriolated half an ounce ; mix it , and give three ounces every morning fasting . If there be need of stronger Physick you may administer these purging Pills . Take of Extract . Rudii , pil . foetidoe , Cochioe , of each half a drachm ; Mercurius dulcis twenty grains ; mix it for three Doses . If the pain be old and stubborn , apply Vesiccatories to the Neck , also Leeches to the Temples , and Haemorrhoids ; or open the jugular , or frontal Vein , which hath often prov'd effectual . Errhines , Sternutatories and Apophlegmatisms may also be used , and Ventoses with Scarification if need require . Baths of Sulphur ( whether natural or artificial with Cephalick Herbs ) are good to bathe the Head and whole Body . Some approve of the fume of Amber , taken into the Mouth and Nostrils . Also spirit of cranium humanum , or spirit of salt Armoniack , held to the Nose in a narrow-mouth'd Vial , giveth present ease in all cold Pains of the Head. Also you may touch the Nostrils and Temples with Oil of Amber , or Nutmegs , or apply this Epitheme to the Temples and Forehead with Linnen-rags . Take the Waters of Vervain and Betony , of each one ounce ; Vineger of Roses , Ointment of Alabaster , of each half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum one scruple ; mix it . Cold distempers of the head , may also be corrected by hot Cephalicks quilted in a Cap for the Head. Take of sweet Marjoram , Stoechas , Vervain , Betony , Sage , Flowers of Chamomel , of each one handfull ; Nutmegs , Cloves , Wood of Alloes , the Roots of Galangal , Cyperus , Calamus aromat . of each half an ounce ; let them be all beaten into Powder for a quilted Cap. Before you put it on , let the Hair be shaved close , and the Head gently rub'd for some time , the better to open the pores . Let the Sick abstain from fat and viscous Food , and let the mind be compos'd to chearfulness . If the Juice of the Pancreas abounding in the Body , be over sour , it causeth a vitious Effervescency , being oppos'd by Choler and Phlegm in the small guts ; from whence sour and ungratefull vapours may be sent to the Stomach , and thence to the Head. If the humours be over sour , the sense of hunger will be encreased , notwithstanding the Pain of the Head. This distemper is to be cur'd by giving those things which temper , and amend the acid Juice in the Body , and do prevent its encrease . Those things abounding with either a lixivial or volatile salt , do powerfully destroy this acid Juice ; as Pearl , Crabs-eyes , Coral , Chalk , Amber , Bloud-stone , Filings of steel , &c. Take this as a form of a Powder . Take of Crabs-eyes , Pearl , red Coral prepar'd , of each half a drachm ; white Sugar half an ounce ; let it be made into fine Powder for six Doses ; which may be taken morning and evening in two or three spoonfulls of the following Cordial Julep . Take Waters of Baum and Mint , of each three ounces ; Scurvigrass-water two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrup of Worm-wood , of each one ounce and half ; Oil of Juniper one drachm ; mix them together for a Julep , of which you may also give two or three spoonfulls every fourth hour . I prescribe no Purgers in this Distemper , because I am taught by large Experience , that the sour Humours in the Body may be stirr'd up indeed , but not purg'd , unless with very great gripes , which will doe more hurt , ●●an good . The encre●●e of the acid Juice , may be pr●●●nted by abstaining from the use of ac●●● ▪ Let the Patient's diet be moist , and fatty , as fat Broths , Jellies aromatiz'd , &c. When the Head-ach proceedeth from a hot cause , if the Patient be costive , first give this Clyster . Take of Mercury , Violets , Lettice , Mallows , Dandelion , of each one handfull ; Damask Prunes twenty ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two pints of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Electuary lenitive , one ounce and half ; Oil of Lillies two ounces ; mix them for a Clyster . After its operation , you may open a Vein and draw eight or nine ounces of bloud . Some Authours will not consent to Phlebotomy in any Head-ach , except the Pain be intollerable ; but I have had sufficient Experience , that it may be done safely in any Pain of the Head. Elixir proprietatis , taken in Wormwood-wine , to the quantity of half a drachm at a time , a little before meat , doth wonderfully conduce to amend the vitious quality of Choler . Choler may be evacuated by vomit , most commodiously by Antimonial preparations . Take of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum one ounce ; Oximel of Squills half an ounce . Give it in the morning . But if the Patient be averse to vomiting , the Choler may be evacuated by stool , by this or the like Cathartick . Take of Baum-water one ounce , Cinamon-water two drachms , Syrup of Roses solutive , the best Manna , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Cream of Tartar twenty grains , Diagredium ten grains ; mix it for a Potion , which may be given in the morning fasting . Also these most gratefull Tablets of Scammony may be prepared , and kept for use . Take Cristals of Tartar two ounces ; Scammony one ounce ; white Sugar four ounces ; with Gum Dragon dissolv'd in Rose-water as much as is sufficient ; let it be made into Troches according to Art. Half a drachm of these Troches may be given to a Child with carefull governing ; a Man or Woman may take two drachms of them . They who are fearfull of Scammoniats , though safe and potent , let them take the following infusion . Take of choice Rhubarb two drachms ; Cream of Tartar one drachm ; infuse them in four ounces of Endive-water for a night ; then strain it and add Syrup of Roses solutive , Syrup of Cicory with Rhubarb , of each half an ounce , Cinamon-water two drachms ; give it in the morning fasting : This Electuary is also an excellent Cholagogue . Take the Pulp of Damask-prunes ten ounces ; Powder of Scammony , Cream of Tartar , of each two ounces , Rhubarb ten drachms , Cinamon half an ounce ; yellow Sanders two drachms ; the best Manna , Syrup of Cicory with Rhubarb , of each eight ounces ; mix all together into an Electuary according to Art. The Dose is from two drachms , to half an ounce , taken either in a Bolus , or dissolved in a sufficient quantity of Endive-water , or any other convenient vehicle . These excellent Medicines do not onely purge Choler abounding , but purify the Bloud and other Humours ; and here we may note , that if a purging Medicine do not operate according to Expectation , it may safely be repeated the same day without any danger . If the Head-ach be accompanied with a great Fever , and Thirst be augmented ; the following Medicines will much conduce to asswage it . Take of Barley-water two pints ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Syrup of Violets four ounces ; salt Prunella half an ounce ; mix it , and give the sick three or four spoonfulls of it often . This Tincture is also very effectual Take of Barley-water two pints ; Red-rose-buds one ounce ; spirit of Vitriol twenty drops , or as much as is sufficient to make it of a good Tincture , let it infuse all Night , then strain it , and add Syrup of Jujubes four ounces ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every three hours . If an Emulsion may please better , take this following form . Take of sweet Almonds one ounce ; the four greater Cold-seeds of each half an ounce ; white Poppy-seeds two ounces ; let the Almonds be blanched , and all well beaten in a stone Mortar ; then with four pints of Barley-water , make an Emulsion ; strain it , and add Syrup of the Juice of Limmons , Diacodium , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; of which let the sick drink often , four spoonfulls at a time . You may also have a little fine Sugar , and salt Prunella equally mixt , which may be kept in the Mouth , to deceive the Thirst. But where rest is hindred by the Choler abounding , and cannot be obtain'd by the Emulsion , which gently procureth sleep ; you may dissolve two grains of Laudanum opiat . in two or three spoonfulls of it , and give it at night ; or you may order this or the like Julep . Take the Waters of Lettice , Water-lillies of each two ounces ; Syrup of red Poppies one ounce ; Cinamon-water half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum four grains ; Oil of Vitriol six drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it to cause sleep . This Epitheme may be applied to the Temples , and Fore-head with Linnen-rags . Take the Oils of Violets , and Water-lillies of each half an ounce ; the waters of red Roses , Lettice , and Houseleek , of each two ounces ; Vineger of Roses half an ounce ; mix it . You may also anoint the Temples and Fore-head with this Ointment . Take the Ointment of Alabaster , Populion , Oil of Mandrakes , of each half an ounce ; mix it . Let the Patient's diet be Mutton or Veal-broth without salt . When a salt Catarrh , or the like spittle is the cause of Thirst augmented , you may administer a Pill of Styrax , or Cynoglosson , which will temperate the saltness of the humours ; and if salt serous matter abound in the Bloud , you may purge it by Stool and Urine , for which there are variety of Medicines prescrib'd in the Chapter of Catarrhs . CHAP. II. Of the Palsie , and Apoplexy . THE Palsie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. a solvendo , eo quod nervorum genus resolutum , facultate animi defluere prohibita sensu motuque destituatur . It may be also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. dimidia Apoplexia . In Latin it is called nervorum resolutio vel relaxatio . It is a Privation of sense and motion of one side of the Body , or of some particular part . The Apoplexy is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , percutior , attonitum reddo . In Latin 't is called stupor corporis , it being an Abolition of sense and motion through the whole Body . The parts affected are the Brain , Spinalis medulla and Nerves ; the motion of the Animal spirits through them being deprav'd . The causes are either external , or internal . The external is much cold and moisture , which doth chill and over moisten the Head , and extreme parts ; and this seems to prove that phlegmatick and watry Humours abiding about the Ventricles of the Brain , and Nerves , may over moisten , and perhaps so far loosen the Tunicles or Membranes of them , that it may render them unfit to let the Animal spirits pass through them ; hence it is that sometimes one particular Member hath been Paralytick by too much Cold and Moisture ; and sometimes more parts have more or less lost sense and motion . It is the opinion of most eminent Physicians both ancient and modern ; that the Animal spirits being severed from the Bloud in the Brain , &c. are from thence carried through all the Nerves to exercise the external senses and Animal motion ; which is continual and equal in healthy persons , but changeable and unequal , according to the divers diseases of the Body or Mind . Wherefore when no Animal spirits are carried to the Organs of the external Senses , or Animal motion ; the functions of seeing , smelling , tasting , hearing and touching : and the sense of heat , as also of motion in the Palsie and Apoplexy , cease all that time . The Signs of the Palsie are manifest ; to wit , deprivation of sense and motion of the Paralytick parts ; the Eye , and half the Tongue , ( viz. of that side affected ) is much weakned , and deprav'd . The signs of the Apoplexy approaching are these , a sudden crying out for help , with an abolition of sense and motion . 1. If the Palsie , or Apoplexy do invade the sick in the decrease of the Moon , and the Patient be old , 't is an ill sign . 2. If the sick do snort , and is droughty , and cast spume or froth out of the Mouth , and have great sweat with difficult breathing , 't is mortal . But if the Person be young , and a strong Fever immediately happen , 't is a good sign ; for the Fever consumes the superfluous moisture , and makes a Dissipation of the gross and phlegmatick Matter . 3. A Palsie coming after the Apoplexy is ill , and many times turns to the Apoplexy again . When any of the extreme parts be Paralytical , or when the Head is ill affected by the external coldness of Air , Water or Snow ; or a stoppage of the Head be also bred thereby , or the defect of the Animal spirits chiefly urge ; then the sick may be cur'd by driving out whatsoever cold has pierc'd into the Head , or any other parts of the Body , which may be done by spirituous and volatile Sudorificks ; for they do not onely alter and correct the cause of Cold , and other Evils accompanying it , but do also amend the harm entring into the Body , containing , and contained . To this end I commend this following Form. Take of Treacle-water one ounce ; Fennel-water , and Epidemical-water , of each two ounces ; Syrup of red Poppies , and Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Bezoar-mineral , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Spirit of salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix it , give the sick three or four spoonfulls of it , and expect to sweat , being meanly covered ; and a spoonfull every half hour afterward , till the sweat break forth ; then give them some pure Broth , with a little Wine in it , whereby strength may be recreated , and the Patient enabled to bear a Sweat longer ; for nothing so much helps the sick as a sweat continued mildly a while , which experience hath often taught me . For by the help of this spirituous , and volatile , and also Aromatick medicine , or one like it , the troublesome Cold , and dulness of motion are discust . They who let bloud in this Distemper caused by external Cold ; or think they can carry out the Cause of this Evil either by vomit or siege , put the sick into danger of death , or at least of most grievous Evils . But when phlegmatick and watry Humours stick about the Nerves , &c. And too much moistening and loosening their Membranes and Marrow , be the cause of the Palsie and Apoplexy , and if the same humours much abound in the Body ; then Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues may conduce to the Cure , after Clysters , and internal Aromatick Sudorificks . Wherefore to begin the Cure of this ; you may first give this or the like Clyster , which must be made strong . Take of sweet Marjoram , Betony , Sage , Penny-royal , Hyssop , Rue , Mercury , Marsh-mallows , the lesser Centaury , the Flowers of Chamomel , and Stoechas , of each half a handfull ; Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a quart of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and dissolve in it the Electuary Diaphoenicon , benedicta laxativa , of each half an ounce ; pil . Cochioe twenty grains ; common Salt one drachm ; Oil of Rue two ounces ; mix it for a Clyster . The next day ( if the sick have a Plethorick body ) you may draw bloud from either arm , to eight or nine ounces . If Phlebotomy cannot be done , apply Ventoses with Scarification to the shoulders ; afterward sweat the Patient with the aforesaid Sudorifick . Sometimes Suppositories may be used in stead of Clysters . This may serve for Example . Take the Powders of Coloquintida , Salt-niter , Hiera-picra simple , of each one drachm ; Euphorbium half a drachm , Honey boiled as much as will make it into a Suppository . But if it appear that phlegmatick and viscous Humours do abound in the Body , Purgers may be prescrib'd most conveniently in the form of a Pill , because the Gums are most apt ( above all other Medicines ) to loosen and cut viscous Phlegm ; neither can they be easily dissolv'd in any liquour . Let this , or such a like form of Pills serve . Take the Gums Amoniacum , and Galbanum , of each two drachms ; dissolve them in Vineger of Squills , strain it , and boil it , to a due consistence ; then add Powders of Troches , Alhandal , Scammony , Mastick , of each one drachm ; Oil of Anise-seed eight drops ; make it into a Mass of Pills according to Art. Let the sick take five or six small Pills of this in the morning fasting , and an hour after drink some thin broth . If the humours be more serous , I commend this Electuary . Take Juniper-berries one pound ; boil them in six pints of Fennel-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then add the Fruit of Tamarind eight ounces , and pulp them both through a Sieve : To which add Powder of Jalap , and Scammony prepar'd , of each three ounces ; Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seed , of each half an ounce ; white Sugar one pound , make it into an Electuary according to Art. The dose of this effectual Medicine , is to half an ounce , to people of age ; a Child may take from half a drachm , to a drachm , either by it self , or dissolv'd in Whey , or Parsley-water , or in any other convenient Vehicle . After universal evacuation hath been made , and the Patient's stomach be still nauseous , this vomit may safely be given . Take the Infusion of Crocus metallor . Vinegar of Squills of each one ounce , give it in the morning with Care : After the operation of it , give some of this Cordial Julep . Take the Waters of Sage , Couslips , Lillies of the Valley , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water one ounce ; Syrup of Peony-flowers , Stoechas , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Castor two drachms ; Spirit of Salt as much as will make it of a gratefull taste , of which you may give the sick three or four spoonfulls every fourth hour . To correct a slow ferment , and also to amend Phlegmatick viscous humours , a Medicinal Wine may be prepared for the rich , in this form . Take the Roots of Galangal , Elecampane , of each half an ounce ; the tops of Wormwood , Mint and Calamint , of each one handfull ; Powder of Cinamon , Anise-seed , of each half an ounce ; Nutmegs two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and insused in six pints of White-wine . The sick may drink of this Physick-wine at dinner and supper , adding to every draught , five or six drops of Elixir proprietatis . When the wine is almost consum'd , more may be poured on , till it cease to be Aromatical . External means for the Palsie , and Apoplexy are also to be used . Bathing is much commended , both natural and artificial ; and how excellent it is daily experience doth manifest . This artificial Bath , or one like it , may be prescrib'd , where a natural sulphureous or nitrous Bath cannot be had . Take Sage , Penny-royal , Betony , Organ , sweet Marjoram , Hyssop , Rue , Time , Ground-pine , of each six handfulls ; Flowers of Chamomel , Melilot , of each four handfulls ; Roots of Briony , Pellitory , of Spain , of each four ounces ; Bay-berries , Juniper-berries of each three ounces ; Brimstone six pound ; Salt-niter two pound ; let all be bruised and boiled in twenty Gallons of Spring-water , till the third part be consumed . Let the sick be well bathed with this as often as strength will permit . After bathing , anoint the hinder part of the Head and Neck , and down the Vertebra of the Back with this Oil ; upon which let a Fox-skin drest be worn . Take Chymical-oils , of Juniper-berries , Turpentine , Spike , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Chamomel , Earth-worms , Rue , Foxes , of each one ounce ; Spirit of Castor two drachms ; mix it . This plaister may be applyed to the Head. Take Galbanum , Opopanax , of each half an ounce ; Mustard-seed , white Pepper , Euphorbium , Castor , of each two drachms ; Chymical Oil of Sage and Rue , of each twenty drops ; Oil of Spike and Turpentine , of each a drachm ; make it into a Plaister which you may spread on leather , and apply it warm to the Head. Or you may make the quilted Cap as is prescrib'd in page 6. to wear constantly ; Oil of Nutmegs is good to embrocate the Ears and Nostrils ; also Errhines , Sternutatories , and Apophlegmatisms may be used with good success . Take Castor , sweet Marjoram , Betony , Root of white Hellebor , of each a drachm ; beat them all into a fine Powder . Blow up some of this Powder ( with a quill ) into the Nostrils , to cause sneezing . Let the Patient's diet be such as may not breed Phlegm , and let it be thin and spare , as Water-gruel , in which boil some Mace ; or you may make Broth of Mutton , &c. in which boil Sage , Rosemary , Time , sweet Marjoram , Couslips , &c. Of this broth you may make Panado's with the Crums of white Bread , and the Yelk of an Egg. Let Anise-seed , or sweet Fennel-seed be baked with the bread . Abstain from all clammy Diet , as Fish and Milk , &c. and eat little or no supper . CHAP. III. Of Convulsions , and the Epilepsie . THE Cramp or Convulsion is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin Convulsio . It is a very painfull , involuntary Contraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their Original . There are generally two sorts of Convulsions . viz. A true Convulsion , and a Convulsive motion . A true Convulsion is either universal or particular . Of the universal there are three Kinds . The first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin tentio ad anteriora ; when the Body and Head is drawn forward . The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin tentio ad posteriora when the Head and Body is drawn backward The third is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , and distentio in Latin , in this the whole Body is inflexible . The particular convulsions are various . If it be in the Eye , it is called strabismus . That of the Mouth , is call tortura oris , &c. The Falling-sickness or Epilepsie , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , invado , quod sensum atque mentem pariter apprehendat . It is called also in Latin Epilepsia vel invasio ; item morbus hominem ita invadens , ut retineat & sistat sensuum actiones , because the mind and senses in this disease are suddenly surprized . It may be called morbus caducus , a cadendo , or morbus puerilis because it is most subject to Children ; or more properly noverca puerorum , quod eos male tractat . It is also called Herculeus , & Elephantiasis a magnitudine , because it is difficult to cure . Some call it morbus lunaticus , because the sick are most subject to the fits at the change of the moon ; but enough of the Names . The Epilepsie is an universal Cramp or Convulsion of the whole Body , with deprivation of sense and motion in the time of the fit . The parts affected are not onely the Brain , Cerebellum and Spinalis medulla , but all the Nerves and Museles . The causes are either external or internal . The external , may be by the biting of some venemous Creature ; or by a wound or puncture of a Nerve or Tendon . Sometimes it may be caused by surfeiting or drunkenness ; and also by the taking of Hellebor , &c. It may be also caused by a mineral Gas fuming from the Mines of Lead , or Antimony , &c. which infecteth the Air with noxious metalline exhalations of a venemous malignity ; which is many times the cause of Convulsions , as they can tell by experience , that live near those Mines . The internal causes are acrimonious and flatuous Vapours , rising from the small guts , because of over viscous Phlegm , and the over acidity and tartness of the Juice of the Pancreas , which causeth a vitious effervescency of the humours , by which the Lympha is also rendred very sharp . These sour flatuous Vapours continually ascending to the Head , together with the spirituous substance of the Bloud , and going forward into the Ventricles of the Brain , and Cerebellum , and so to the first spreading of the Nerves ; and corroding them , causeth an inordinate agitation , and very fierce motion of the Animal spirits ; and by a continual and grievous Irritation , urging about the beginning of the Spinalis medulla , is the cause of an universal Convulsion , or Epileptick-fit , in which all the Muscles of the Body are most vehemently contracted . The Irritation in a particular Convulsive motion or the Cramp , which may be oft observ'd in the thigh or leg , and other extreme parts , may be also ascrib'd to the same sharp and sour flatuous Vapours , carried to the beginning of the Nerves and Tendons of the said Members , fretting and gnawing them sometimes with great pain . The signs of Convulsions are manifest . The preceding signs of the Epilepsie , are trembling , sadness , fearfulness , vertigo , numness , debility of the senses , troublesome sleep , with great pain of the Head. The signs of the Epilepsie presently approaching , are a vehement shaking of the whole Body , foming at the Mouth , and a sudden deprivation of all the Animal functions . 1. A Convulsion or Epilepsie , being hereditary , is incurable . 2. If a pregnant Woman be taken with either of them , it is very dangerous ; and also after Abortion . 3. Children are most subject to these diseases , because they abound with abundance of moisture , and flatulent Vapours in the Brain ; and because they have Nervorum poros angustos , whereby the Brain is easily filled with such vapours ; and therefore we see that Children are often troubled with them , young People more rarely , and old Folks but seldom ; and we find that Children better suffer them than either of the other , who frequently die of these fits , especially of the Epilepsie , when in their falling there follows snorting , gnashing of the teeth , a ghastly countenance , much some at the Mouth , involuntaria seminis effusio , and great cryings out . 4. Of all the kind of Convulsions , Tetanos is the most difficult to cure ; because it is ( as it were ) composed of the other two kinds ; but if a fever happen in this or any other Convulsion , the sick will suddenly recover , because a fever dissolveth it ; but if a Convulsion should succeed a fever , it is very dangerous , especially from a wound , or proceeding from venemous matter . So likewise it is very dangerous if it be caused by taking of Hellebor . When a particular Convulsion is caused from a prick of a Nerve or Tendon ; as it may happen sometimes by the unskilfulness , or precipitancy of the Chyrurgeon in opening a vein , then most speedily pour into the wound or puncture , the Oil of Turpentine , with rectifi'd Spirit of Wine , both actually hot ; as that famous Chyrurgeon Mr. Ambrose Parey adviseth in his ninth Book , Chap. 11. of which I have had large experience with good success . The like course may be taken with all other wounds of the nervous parts . But if the wound of the Nerve or Tendon yield not to this medicine , the same is to be cut asunder cross-ways , seeing it is safer to lose the action of one part , than that the sick should be exposed to the danger of a deadly Convulsion . When the Nerves or Tendons of the Muscles are prickt by sharp splinters of bones , the grievous pains succeeding , soon cause a particular Convulsion of that part , and at length an universal Convulsion will attend the Patient , if there be not speedy help . Wherefore if possible , the sharp fragments of the bone must be cut away ; or if this have been neglected , or could not be done , and an universal Convulsion be feared , you must hasten to amputation of the member ; For , Necessitas non habet legem . If a particular Convulsion be occasion'd by a hot Tumour or any other sharp pain , which hath rais'd an inflammation ; let the pain be diminisht as well by internal , as external Anodines and Narcoticks , to allay the over encreas'd motion of the Animal spirits . To this end you may give the sick two or three grains of Laudanum opiat . at a time , either in a Pill , or dissolve it in a little Wine or other convenient Vehicle . And if the ingenious and judicious Physician , or Chyrurgeon , do add a little volatile Salt , either of Animals or Vegetables , to his topical Medicaments , whether fomentations , Cataplasms , or Ointments , he will wonder at the incredible benefit ; for by the help thereof the Tumour will be mollified and dissolved , the internal obstruction loosned , and the pain eased . If a Convulsion be caused by the taking of Hellebor , or any other venemous matter ; administer an Antimonial vomit with all speed . But if it be a Child , give it ten grains of Salt of Vitriol , or half an ounce of Oxymel of Squills , with a drachm of Oil of Almonds . After the operation of the Emetick , ( and also at other times ) you may give some of this Julep . Take of Black-cherry-water , the Water of Line-flowers of each two ounces ; Briony-water compound , Syrup of Peony , of each one ounce ; Tincture of Castor half an ounce ; Confection of Alkermes one drachm , Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every fourth Hour . Having briefly hinted at the Cure of particular Convulsions ; I come now to those more universal , as likewise Convulsive motions , and the Epilepsie . And seeing there is little difference , in the remote causes of them in the Body ; these diseases may ( for the most part ) be cured with the same Remedies . 1. First then the peccant humours are to be temper'd , and diminisht . 2. The rising of vapours is to be hindred , and their expulsion procur'd by sweat , or insensible transpiration : By which the over motion of the Animal spirits will be restrain'd and brought to tranquillity , that is a more quiet motion . All Aromaticks , and all things abounding with either a fixt or volatile Salt , do not onely correct , and by cutting amend the viscous phlegmatick humours ; but do powerfully temper and destroy the over acidity and tartness of the juice of the Pancreas . To temper and diminish these humours , I commend these medicines . Take the Roots of Male-peony , Valerian , Missletoe of the Oak , and Peony-seeds , of each two ounces ; Castor half an ounce ; let them be all bruised , and infus'd in Peony-water compound , the Water of Line-tree-flowers , of each one pint , for the space of twenty four hours ; then strain it out very strongly , and add Syrup of Peony and Stoechas , of each three ounces ; Spirit of Castor half an ounce ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls at a time every fourth hour , with which you may mix Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Elixir proprietatis , of each six drops . Also you may give the Patient half a drachm of the following powder in three or four spoonfulls of this Infusion , with the aforesaid Spirit and Elixir . Take of Crabs-eyes , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , Salt prunella , of each half an ounce ; volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salt of Amber , of Man's skull prepar'd , of each two drachms ; make it into a fine powder , which may be taken half a drachm at a time , morning and evening . The peccant humours being temper'd and diminisht , by the frequent use of the abovesaid medicines ; the inordinate , involuntary and impetuous motion of the Animal spirits , ( in Convulsive and Epileptick fits ) will be the better reduc'd to a calm and voluntary motion , by the help of volatile and spirituous Sudorificks , mixt with Anodines , and Narcotick medicines us'd in a small quantity , and at times ; which two will be expedient to be given together , because then they will the better circulate to the Animal spirits , and temper and educe the hurtfull flatuous Vapours . For which I commend the following form . Take of Treacle-water , Fennel-water , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Peony , Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar mineral , Crabs-eyes in powder , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Tincture of Castor one drachm ; Oil of Cloves three drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack ten drops ; mix it , and let the sick take it , being well cover'd with cloths , whereby the sweat will the easier come forth . If the Body be costive , let it be made soluble by a Clyster , or Suppository ; such as is prescrib'd in the cure of the Apoplexy . As often as the Stomach is naufeous , or the sick inclines to vomiting ; let the Emeticks before mention'd be carefully administred ; and likewise three or four days before the full of the moon . But if the sick be averse to vomiting , and Pills or Potions are more acceptable , take the following as Examples . Take of Extract . Rudij , pil . foetidoe ex duobus , of each a drachm and half ; Castor , black Hellebor prepar'd , of each half a drachm ; Salt of Amber twenty grains ; Oil of Rosemary twenty drops , with Syrup of Stoechas ; make it into a Mass for pills ; of which you may give half a drachm twice a week . Also this purging Infusion is very effectual . Take of the best Senna , Rhubarb , and Cream of Tartar , of each an ounce and half ; Liquorish , and the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Guiacum , China-roots , of each six ounces ; Missletoe of the Oak , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , Bay-berries , and Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be all bruised , and infused in Black-cherry-water , and the Water of Line-tree-flowers , of each a quart , very hot for the space of a Night ; then strain it very hard , and add Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated half an ounce ; mix it . Let the sick take four ounces of this purging Infusion every morning , whereby the viscous humours and flatuous Vapours may be both corrected , and also evacuated gently by degrees . If bloud abound , let a Vein be opened ; in Women open the Saphoena in either Foot , but in Men you may apply Leeches to the Hemorrhoidal Veins . &c. Bathing hath been often us'd ( with good success ) in these diseases . A natural sulphureous Bath , such as is in the City of Bath , is excellent ; but when it is not to be had , an artificial Bath may serve . That which is set down in the Cure of the Palsie and Apoplexy , is of excellent Virtue , and very effectual in these distempers . After bathing , let the Spina Dorsi , and other affected parts be anointed with the following Ointment . Take the Oils of Euphorbium , Rue , Castor , Petre , Spike , Turpentine , Bricks , Dil , Chamomel , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Amber and Juniper , of each two drachms ; the Ointments Martiatum and Aregon of each one ounce ; mix them for an Ointment . Issues are approved of , either in the Neck , or Arm ; also Ventoses with Scarification , Sternutatories , Errhines and Masticatories are all commended . This Masticatory may serve for Example . Take the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Ginger , Calamus aromaticus , of each one ounce ; Mustard-seed ; all sorts of Pepper , Nutmegs , Castor , Mastick , of each half an ounce ; beat them all into fine Powder , and with fine Honey boild into a Syrup , make them into Troches according to Art. When they are drie you may chew them one after another , when you please to draw the Rheum out of the Mouth . When the fit is coming , or upon the party , blow up some Sneezing-powder into the Nostrils , or the Smoak of Tobacco into the Mouth . Embrocate the Temples , Fore-head and Nostrils with Oil of Amber ; and hold the Spirit of Salt Armoniack to the Nose , in a Narrow-mouth'd viol . Make a noise in the Ears ; and let the sick be kept in a light Room , with the Head upright . Let the teeth be kept open with a stick , or rather with a little viscus quercinus , if it may be had . Let the soles of the feet be well rub'd with Salt and Vineger ; also Frictions and Ligatures may be used in the parts affected . Some commend a Pigeon cut asunder , and applied hot to the Navel ; for hereby the venemous halituous Vapours are partly drawn away . I might add variety of medicines for the cure of these diseases ; but those before mentioned are sufficient to give light to the ingenious Artist , who knows how to prepare diversity of them , as well milder for Infants and Children , as stronger for Adults . I will therefore prescribe a powder to preserve Children from Convulsive and Epileptick-fits , and so conclude this Chapter . Take the Roots of Peony , Valerian , of each half an ounce ; the Moss that groweth upon a Man's skull , the triangular Bone of a Man's skull prepar'd , Missletoe of the Oak , Elks-hoof , the Seeds of Peony , sweet Fennel and Annise , of each two drachms ; red Coral , whitest Amber , and Emerald prepar'd , of each one drachm ; white Sugar the weight of them all , let them be reduc'd into a fine powder . You may give a Child twenty grains of this powder with a little Oil of sweet Almonds , so soon as it is born , which may happily preserve it from Convulsions , and Epileptick fits . And because obstructions of the Belly in Children , exposeth them to flatuous Vapours , and Gripings , and so consequently to Convulsive and Epileptick-fits ; I advise you to keep the Belly open , either with a little Manna , or a Carminative Clyster , so often as you see convenient . Let the sick live in a serene Air , and abstain from all food that breeds bad nourishment , and flatulent Vapours . CHAP. IV. Of the Night-mare , and Vertigo . I Shall treat of these two distempers in one Chapter , because if either of them continue long ; they are Forerunners of the Palsie , or Apoplexy , and sometimes Convulsions , or Epilepsie . The Night-mare is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Latin 't is called Incubus ab incubando , quod externa vis quoedam aut moles incubare videtur . It is called the Night-mare , because it oppresseth the sick in the Night , at which time they think that some great weight lieth upon them , by which they seem to be almost suffocated . It happens most commonly after the first sleep , whereby the party oppressed , is deprived of speech and motion , and sometime breathing for a time . When the fit is upon the sick , they do imagine that some Witch or Hag lieth hard on their Breast or Stomach , ( from whence it hath also acquired that Name ) in which they cannot stir , nor call for help , though they have a great desire , and do strive very much to cry out , but are possessed with a panick fear . The cause of this distemper , is most commonly intemperance in eating and drinking , especially in the Night ; whereby crude halituous Vapours are bred in such plenty , that nature cannot disperse nor dissolve them before sleep ; and therefore they are raised up to the Ventricles of the Brain , by which imagination , sense and motion are all depraved . The giddy motion is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. obscuritas oculorum . In Latin 't is called Vertigo , ex vertendo quod Caput vertere videtur . In this disease the Animal spirits are wrong mov'd , which makes the sick believe that not onely all things they look on , go in a Circuit about , but their Head and other parts , seem to turn round ; which many times causeth them to be in danger of falling , or tumbling headlong . The cause of the giddy motion , is either external , or internal . The external are either an intent looking at any object that turns round , or about , especially if very remote ; or a frequent turning about of the Body it self . The internal cause , is the ascent of flatuous Vapours to the Head , together with the spirituous part of the Bloud , and carried with the Animal spirits , into the passages of the Brain , and Cerebellum ; by which the motion of wheeling about is communicated to the Animal spirits , and anon carried to the Cristalline humour of the Eyes , by the Optick nerves ; and so a Giddiness seems to be produc'd . For the Cure of these diseases ; seeing they are the Forerunners of the Apoplexy , and Epilepsie ; I refer you to those excellent Medicines prescrib'd for the Cure of them . Let such as are subject to these distempers , be very sparing in their diet ; let them avoid all Herbs , Roots and Fruits , that are windy ; and all viscous and gross diet , such as is of hard Concoction . Let the external Causes be remov'd , and the internal causes corrected . Sublata causa tollitur effectus . CHAP. V. Of the Lethargy Coma , Carus , and Catalepsie or Catocus . THE Lethargy is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , id est , ab oblivione & inertia . Because in this disease , the sick is very forgetfull and slothfull . In this distemper , there is a very great propensity to sleep , accompanied with a Symptomatical Fever , and sometimes with the Hiccough , with difficulty of breathing , dulness of the Head , and many times a deprivation of the Senses . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sopor altus , is an insatiable inclination to sleep ; the sick being called unto , they open their Eyes , and answer , but presently fall a sleep again . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is called in Latin crapularis redundantia ; because it is sometimes caused by surfeiting , end drunkenness . It is deep and profound sleep , whereby imagination , sense and motion are all depraved . In these there is no Fever , in which they differ from the Lethargy . Catalepsis , vel Detentio , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies a with-holding , or restraining , because in this distemper , the mind , with the senses , and motion are all suddenly surprized , so that the sick remain stiff , and immoveable , in the very same posture in which they were taken , with their Eyes open . The causes of these diseases are either external , or internal . The external causes are gross food , idleness , spirituous wine , or any other inebriating liquour taken in excess ; and sometimes by the Air inspir'd , which is defil'd by the Smoak of Coals , or other mineral Fumes , by which the Air may be infested . The internal cause , is a Narcotick force mix'd with the Animal spirits , bred by degrees in the Body , by the frequent use of opiats , not well corrected , which not onely dulls the mind , but causeth a sluggishness of the whole Body ; for the Animal motion being deprav'd , the external , as well as internal senses , will be thence soon infected , and defil'd . These diseases are all very dangerous , and except they are speedily cur'd , they will soon hurry the sick into the Boats of Acheron , or devouring Jaws of Death . But if a Phrensie cometh immediately after any of them , it cureth the Patient with little help of medicine . To cure these diseases , let the drowsie Animal spirits be stir'd up , and rais'd from sleepiness , and stupidness , by potent external Objects , which may sharply move the external senses ; let the sick be kept in a light room , and be often called upon very strongly , and let sharp smells be applied to the Nostrils , such as Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Harts-horn , &c. Also sharp spices or salts should be put into the mouth , and gentle frications us'd ( with warm Cloaths ) to those parts that are affected with Numness . The Animal spirits may be freed from the Narcotick force mingled with them , ( and likewise slothfulness , and sleepiness may be ( by little and little ) diminished , ) by the frequent use of sharp volatile Salts , and all Medicines endued with an Aromatick biting ; such as Pepper , Cloves , Castor , Garlick , Horse-radish , Mustard , Scurvigrass , &c. Of which you may make diversity of Medicines , for example . Take the Waters of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , of each two ounces , Syrup of the Juice of Scurvigrass one ounce ; Tincture of Castor two drachms ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix it , and give the sick two or three spoonfulls every two hours . This decoction is also very effectual . Take the Roots of Horse-radish , the best China , of each two ounces ; Roots of Galangal half an ounce ; Scurvigrass , Hedge-mustard , of each one handfull ; Cloves one drachm ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and infused in White-wine , and Fountain-water , of each a quart , for the space of a Night very hot ; the next morning boil it gently for half an hour , then strain it , and add Syrup of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; mix it . Let the sick lying in bed , meanly covered take often in a day five or six spoonfulls of this decoction , whereby a light sweat may break forth to ease them . By the frequent use of these medicines , the Animal spirits will not onely be freed from their drowsiness , but even the Narcotick force bred in the Body ( either in the length of time , or received in from without ) may be corrected , and by degrees gently educ'd by insensible transpiration : So that at length , these dangerous distempers may happily be overcome . Let Clysters , and Suppositories be often administred , as need requires . Those prescrib'd in page 17 , 18. in the Cure of the Palsie and Apoplexy , are very effectual here . If strength and age permit , let a vein be opened in either Arm or Foot , as you shall see cause ; for generally Authours consent to it , besides Experientia docet . Let Ventoses with ( or without ) Scarification be applied to the shoulders and hinder part of the Neck . And let Sternutatories be often snuft up into the Nostrils , to provoke sneezing . Take the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , white Hellebor , of each half a drachm ; Castor , Nutmegs , white Pepper , of each twenty grains ; Flowers of Lillies of the Valley one drachm ; beat them into a fine Powder . If the Stomach be foul , and the sick incline to vomit , give this or the like . Take the decoction of Horse-radish , two ounces ; the infusion of crocus metallorum , Oxymel of Squills , of each half an ounce ; Oil of sweet Almonds newly drawn , two drachms ; mix it , and give it in the Morning . But if the sick had rather take Pills or Potions , let the following serve . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . foetidoe , ex duobus of each half a drachm ; Powder of Castor twenty grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops , with Syrup of Stoechas , make it into Pills , for three doses . You may give them twice a week in the Morning fasting . This purging Infusion is also very effectual . Take of the best Senna , Rhubarb , Polypodium , of each half an ounce ; Mechoacan , Agarick , Turkey-Turbith , of each three drachms ; Ginger , Anise-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised and infused in eight ounces of Ale very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and add the best Manna ; Syrup of Roses solutive of each one ounce ; Spirit of Castor twenty drops ; mix it for two doses . Let the affected parts , as the Head , &c. be bathed with this or the like fomentation . Take the Roots of Master-wort , Angelica , Zedoary , of each three ounces ; Bay-berries , Juniper-berries , of each four ounces ; Sage , Marjoram , Rue , Rose-mary , Betony , Flowers of Lavender , Melilot , Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in White-wine-vineger , and Fountain-water , of each three quarts , till half of it be boiled away . After bathing anoint the hinder part of the Head with this Oil. Take of Oil of Rue , Marjoram , of each half an ounce ; Oil of Amber , Rose-mary and Bricks , of each two drachms ; Oil of Bays , Euphorbium , Castor , of each six drachms ; mix them . For Revulsion , let the soles of the feet be washed with Salt and Acet . Scillitic . Vesiccatories may also be applied to the Coronal Suture , and behind the Ears ; or upon the Shoulders , Neck , Arms , Thighs , &c. Avoid all vaporous and phlegmatick Nourishment . CHAP. VI. Of the Phrensie , and Madness . THE Phrensie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mens ; quia mentis morbus . The Phrensie is an inflammation of the Brain and Meninges , both the dura and pia mater ; causing an acute continual Fever , which remains from the first moment of its invasion , to the last of its duration , thence a delirium , and raving Madness , together with great trouble of mind , afflicts the sick in a superlative manner . Madness is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , insanio , 't is called in Latin amentia , furor , insania . It is a furious alienation of the mind , or a vehement delirium without a Fever ; in which it differs from the Phrensie . I know there are not wanting the works of great Physicians , who have written very learnedly of these diseases ; but omitting the opinion of others ; I shall in a few words , relate that which seems true to me , to be the cause of these furious distempers . None who are ingenious Searchers of Truth ; and have weighed accurately ( with an attentive mind ) both the fabrick and ways , or Vessels of the containing Body , and the natural motion of the Bloud , and other humours ; will deny , that almost innumerable diseases do arise from the vitious effervescency of over fat Choler , the too tart Pancreat juice , and over viscous Phlegm , flowing together in the small guts ; for by this vitiated mingling not onely hurtfull humours are produc'd , but often wind , and halituous Vapours , causing much harm to humane Bodies . Wherefore I judge , when Phlegm is very viscous , or otherwise vitious , and the juice of the Pancreas too tart and harsh ; sharp halituous Vapours are thence produc'd , elevated from the small guts , because of a vitious effervescency there rais'd ; and thence continually ascending to the Head ; and with the spirituous Bloud , circulate into the Ventricles of the Brain , by which the Animal spirits are vitiated , and troublesomely mov'd , and hindred of natural rest and tranquillity ; therefore 't is no wonder that the Empty mind of the sick is thereby disturb'd , and at length the sick become distracted and mad . But if Choler be predominant , these vapours become very cholerick and acrimonious ; which rarifies the Bloud by degrees more and more ; so that at length the heat and burning Fever in the Heart , ( and thence through the whole Body ) is encreased by Choler successively over-ruling , which causeth the Phrensie . No marvel then if heat , pain , and inflammation , and pulsation of the Head do chiefly vex the sick in this grievous distemper ; seeing no part of the Body hath so many Arteries , and receives so much Bloud as the Head ; wherefore the pulsation of the Temples is felt more troublesome than elsewhere , because of the remarkable windings of the Brain , through which great Arteries are carried ; from whence great watchings , and at length raving Madness do molest the sick . But there still remains something requisite to be set down , as the chief cause of these , and most other distempers , which ought not to be despis'd ( either by Jew or Gentile ) seeing we have the word of God for it ; and that is the crying sins of Mankind continually drawing God's Judgments on them . You may reade the 28th . Chapter of Deuteronomie , where the Prophet Moses enumerates the many diseases , with which God would smite the Children of Israel , for the wickedness of their doings , whereby they had forsaken him . And not onely they , but we also shall be subject to these grievous distempers , and eternal destruction also , if we do not turn to the Lord by unfeigned repentance , except ye repent , ye shall all likewise perish , saith our blessed Saviour Jesus Christ in Luke 13. 3. Verse . Those poor creatures who have been miserably afflicted with these furious diseases , and happily recovered ; can tell by sad experience , that they have been many times hurried almost to desperation , by the cunning wiles and temptations of Satan ; which hath prevail'd on many to lay violent hands on themselves ; from which let us pray , libera nos Domine . 1. The Phrensie is a most acute and dangerous disease , insomuch that it ends most commonly in seven days ; for in that time it either terminates by the recovery of the sick , or else they go over the threshold of the other world . 2. If the Phrenetical party hath a Crisis either by sweating , bleeding at the nose , or Haemorrhoids , &c. or a tumour appear behind the Ears , there is hopes of recovery : but if the sick gnash with his teeth , and his Excrement and Urine be whitish , and no Crisis appear , 't is mortal ; so likewise is it very pernicious , if it turn either to the Lethargy , or Convulsion . In the Mania or Madness , if the stomach or appetite decay , and the sick be very fearfull , and hath continued long , it is most difficult to cure : but if the party be merrily conceited , it is not so dangerous . 3. If the swelling of the Veins in the Legs , called Varices , or the Haemorrhoids , or Menses , or any other flux of bloud should happen to them that are mad or frantick , there may be hopes of recovery . And that we may pass on to the cure of these lamentable diseases : let the following Golden precept be speedily observ'd . Principiis obsta , sero medicina paratur : Cum mala per longas invaluere moras . For unless speedy help be procur'd for the Phrensie , it killeth the party in a short time : and likewise Mania or Madness becomes oft ( by degrees ) so stubborn , and rebellious , that it can be cur'd onely late or never . Ttherefore the friends of the sick are to be admonish'd to consult with the honest Physician , so soon as the signs begin to be manifest ; for when it hath taken deep root , it is hard to be eradicated , or overcome , unless by an Herculean labour . First therefore let a Clyster be administered . Take of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Violets , Lettice , Beets , Pellitory of the wall , Mercury , Centaury , Water-lillies , of each one handfull . Damask Prunes twenty . Boil them in a quart of Barley-water till half be consumed , then strain it , and add Electuary Lenitive , Syrup of Violets , Roses Solutive , of each one ounce ; Oil of Violets two ounces ; Common Salt one drachm . Mix it for a Clyster . After the Operation of it , you may open a Vein in the Arm. But if Menses , or the Haemorrhoids be suppressed , then open the Saphena , in either Foot ; and let the orifice be made pretty large , because thereby sharp and fatty vapours may more plenteously be effus'd together with the bloud : whereby the troublesome heat will be the better temper'd , and not a little diminisht . Neither will it suffice to let bloud once , but this evacuation is oft to be iterated , till ( by the diminisht feverish heat ) it appears that the cause is remov'd or overcome . But let Phlebotomy be warily done , where choler abounds , because sanguis est fraenum Bilis : wherefore I advise the young Practitioner to take away but little bloud at a time , which may be done so often as need requires , either by an instrument , or leeches to the Haemorrhoids . Ventoses with scarification , may be applied to the shoulders , also Vesiccatories to the armes , thighs , & inter scapulas , in extremis morbis , extrema sunt adhibenda remedia . Choler over plenteous in the body , may be safely diminisht by a mild chologogue ; for example . Take of Dandelion , Succory , Sorrel , of each two handfulls ; Tamarind-fruit two ounces . Boil them in a quart of Barley-water till half be consumed ; Strain it , and add the waters of Cinamon , and Fennel of each one ounce ; The best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops . Let the sick take oft a draught of this Julep , till the body be made soluble ; but if there be a strong constitution of body , I refer you to those excellent Medicines prescribed in page 8. 9. of this book , which evacuates choler more powerfully by stool . But where the Stomach is full and nauseous , let a vomit be administred without delay ; and here I prefer Antimonials before all o-thers , both because they do most happily empty any humours promiscuously , and because they are most friendly to humane nature , bringing all the humours by degrees ( after a peculiar manner ) to a most laudable state . And because in this distemper , the sick is always attended with a greivous and furious raging ; let those things be given which will not onely promote sleep , but powerfully temper the sharp cholerick humours . To this end I commend any fixt Mineral , Sulphur of Vitriol or Antimony , which will temper the Acrimony of choler , and free the bloud from such matter perhaps before all others . But where these choice Medicines are not to be had , Opium well prepared will conduce beyond any commonly known Medicine ; which may be used both Internally and Externally . This Cordial Opiat is of great virtue . Take the Waters of Sorrel , Lettice , Penny-royal , Fennel , of each two ounces ; Cinamon water , Syrups of red and white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum ten grains ; Tartar vitriolated half a drachm ; Oil of Vitriol ten drops ; mixit , and give two spoonfulls of it often , whereby the body may the sooner be reduc'd to sleep , and the mind to tranquillity . The following Epitheme , and Linament may be used outwardly to give ease , and promote sleep . Take the Waters of Betony , red Roses , of each two ounces ; Vinegars of Roses , and Marygolds , of each half an ounce ; Opium twenty grains . Mix it . Let Linen cloaths be dipt in it being warm , and applied to the Forehead , and region of the Temples ; and as often as the cloaths are dry , moisten them with the same , till pain be diminisht , and sleep follow . Take Populion half an ounce ; Opium dissolv'd in Oil of Poppies half a drachm ; mix it for a Linament ; wherewith anoint each region of the Temples , and spread some of it on brown Paper and apply it . Let the diet be very thin and cooling : Avoid hot spices , Wine , and other strong Liqours , and let the common drink be Barley-water with Syrup of Limmons . Pigeons cut asunder , and applied to the Soles of the Feet , do many times avail , by drawing down hot Vapours and Fumes from the Head. By this you may know how to cure not onely Phrensies , but all ravings and watchings , which are ingendred by Fevers ; for it will not be very hard from what is aforesaid , to frame or join such helps as may conduce to the same . In mania or madness ; when Phlegm is over viscous , and the Juice of the Pancreas too tart and harsh , exceeding , and over-ruling the other humours in the Body ; whereby sharp halituous Vapours are continually rais'd , disturbing the sick both in Body and Mind : Speedy care must be taken to correct and educe the vitiated humours , to amend and discuss the hurtfull flatuous Vapours , and also to compose the immoderate passions of the mind . Volatile Salts and Aromatick Oils do not onely correct viscous and acid Phlegm , but sour and tart Vapours also ; for they have power to cut and dissolve that which is viscous , to temper and correct that which is sour and tart , and to discuss and dissipate what is vaporous and windy . The following Julep , whose power is singular and stupendious , may be deservedly preferr'd before many others . Take the Waters of Parsley , Fennel , Mint , Penny-royal , Scurvigrass , of each two ounces ; the Waters of Treacle and Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Syrups of Fennel , Poppies , and the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . twenty grains ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack and Niter , of each twenty drops ; Oils of Annise-seed and Cloves , of each ten drops ; mix them . By the frequent use of this Julep or such like ; the hurtfull humours and vapours will not onely be corrected , and amended ; but a new Production of them will be hindred , and both Body and Mind reduc'd to a more quiet frame . These Pills will be also usefull to correct more , and mildly educe , or expell the vitious humours . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar of Squills ; Powders of Mastick , Troches Alhandal , Rozin of Scammony , and Jallop , of each one drachm ; Powders of Castor , Mirrh and Saffron , of each twenty grains ; Oils of Cloves , Harts-horn , Balsom of Sulphur with Oil of Anise-seed , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each ten drops ; beat them all into a Mass for Pills , of which you may give half a drachm at a time , in the Morning fasting . It will be convenient to take these Pills twice a week , for the better vanquishing the rebellious and redoubl'd humours . Also let Antimonial vomits ( rightly prepar'd ) be sometimes administred , they being endued with an universal force of cleansing Man's body from all harm and impurity . By these forms any judicious Practitioner , may easily invent other prescriptions in some things to be varied , as the disease requires . Thus having premis'd a rational , and dogmatical cure of these grievous diseases , confirm'd by experience ; I think it my duty ( once for all ) to admonish the honest Physician , and others who attend the sick ; to be often seeking the Lord for a Blessing on the means . And if all refuge fails , to take the Advice of the Apostle James in the 5th . Chapter and 14 , and 15. verses . This was the Custome of the Primitive Christians without doubt , and I wish it were more in use amongst us at this day ; for God is as able to heal the sick now , as he was then , for he is the same yesterday , and to day and for ever . I thank God , I have had some experience of his great goodness and mercy , extended towards some of his poor Creatures , by means of this ordinance , when all other help of medicine , &c. have prov'd unsuccessfull , for which uni Deo & trino Gloria . CHAP. VII . Of CATARRHS . THE Catarrh is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , fluo . It is called in Latin distillatio , because it is a defluxion of excrementitious and sharp Rheumatick humours from the Head , into most parts of the Body ; invading not onely all the conglobated , and conglomerated Glandules ; by which the Circulation of Lympha and Spittle are deprav'd : But also the Nerves , which causeth intense or vehement pains , and inflammations in the parts ill affected , which is most commonly attended with a Symptomatical Fever , especially if the Rheum be thin and sharp , and do flow very violently . And seeing this distemper is not enough explain'd in Authours , either ancient or modern ; I therefore ( God prospering my indeavours ) will bestow some pains in searching out , and proposing the true causes and effects of it ; which I hope will induce other liberal and ingenious spirited Artists to a farther inquiry after the occult causes , not onely of these , but other obscure diseases daily occurring in practice ; that so by little and little , many things in the Art of Physick , as yet most obscure and confus'd , may be illustrated , and most commodiously explain'd . Experience confirms , that there are many kinds of Catarrhs ; some are more thick , others more thin ; some acid and salt , others more sweet ; some Rheums are hot and sharp , flowing more violently , other cold and pituitous , flowing but slowly ; hence it is , that some Catarrhs are attended with Fevers , and some without . The causes of Catarrhs are either external , or internal . The external cause is from external sudden Cold , shutting the pores of the skin , hindring the discharge of sweaty Vapours by insensible Transpiration ; for if the usual ports of the skin do deny passage to the sweat , it will in a little time condense , and thence become sour , by which the extreme parts are chilled , which doth manifest it self by a shivering ; as any one may experimentally observe after taking Cold. These humours having not vent through the porous skin ( which is absolutely necessary ) by the habit of the Body ; they are conveyed to the Head ( together with the Lympha ) through the Lymphatick Vessels . The internal cause arises from pituitous humours , gradually collected ( besides Nature ) in the conglobated Glandules , observeable about the Plexus Choroides in the side Ventricles of the Brain , and elsewhere ; perhaps in the Tonsils , and all the rest of the small Glandules about the trachoea Arteria ; hence the Lympha becomes sourish salt , as is tasted in a Coryza . Whence also we may probably conclude , what way soever the conglobated Glandules are hurt , that the Lympha declines from its natural State and Quality : And as its depravation is milder or sharper , more grievous , or lighter pains are thence bred ; of which we have many times an ocular demonstration in the flowing down of the Rheum through the Nostrils , which is oft so sharp , that it doth corrode the skin , and superficies of the face where it comes . If it be in quantity moderate , it is conveighed to the infinite little salivary Ducts or Chanels , in the conglomerated Glandules , which open into the palate of the mouth , and there pour out the salival Liquour which they contain ; which is either swallowed down into the Stomach , or else it is evacuated by spitting ; and if Nature be overburthened by its plentifulness , it is also sent forth by the Nostrils . But if the Lympha becomes more sharp , acid and salt in the Glandules before mention'd , it produceth first a stoppage , and burthensome Pain of the Head , which overcomes the retentive , and provokes the expulsive faculties ; so that Nature being driven to most violent motions , doth extravasate , and intravasate the Rheumatick humours , hic & ubique , a Capite ad Calcem , through the most abstruse and inconspicuous passages of nature ; so that it is the opinion of many learned Physicians , that a Catarrh is the original of many diseases incident to humane Bodies . 1. Catarrhs happening to Children , are dangerous , especially if there appear plenty of humours , because they abound with moisture , and are full of excrements : Wherefore if a sudden defluxion happens to any of a tender age , desperate accidents may follow . 2. If the Rheum flow through the Nostrils , it is but gentle ; if to the Throat 't is worse , but if to the Lungs , worst of all ; and if it becomes inveterate , it is very hardly cured . In the Cure of Catarrhs , the Head is chiefly to be taken care of , because the Rheum doth continually flow from it ; therefore the Head ought to be corroborated , and the superfluous moisture thereof to be dried up : And likewise the part or parts ( to which the Rheum flows ) must be strengthned ; the vitious quality of Lympha , and the other humours is to be corrected , and their plenty diminisht . As Catarrhs consist of a different matter , and afflict divers parts , so they require diversity of medicines to cure them ; for if the matter be thick and viscous , it must be attenuated and cut with Aromaticks , and afterward evacuated with Phlegmagogues : So likewise serous and salt Catarrhs are to be temper'd with Oily things and Opiats , and the plenty of humours to be diminisht with Hydragogues ; by which means the cure will be the sooner performed . For viscous Catarrhs , accompanied with a Cough , I commend these following medicines . Take the Waters of Hyssop , Mint , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Fennel and red Poppies , of each one ounce and half ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it , of which you may give three or four spoonfulls , every three hours . By the frequent use of this Aromatick Julep , the viscous Phlegm will not onely be attenuated , but the over sharp Vapours will be discust , and the other humours temper'd . After the Phlegmatick humours , &c. are thus prepared ; it will be convenient to evacuate them downwards , by gentle purgation , with powerfull and effectual Phlegmagogues ; and such are all mercurials , Colocynthis , Hermodactils , &c. to be taken chiefly in the form of Pills . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . ex duobus , of each one drachm ; Mercury dulcis half a drachm ; Oil of Cloves four drops ; mix them for three Doses . If the sick be averse to Pills , give this Potion . Take of Rhubarb , Agarick , Hermodactils , Polypodium , of each two drachms ; Cinamon , Cloves , of each one drachm ; Sage , Rosemary , of each one handfull ; sweet Fennel-seed , Juniper-berries , of each three drachms ; bruise them and insuse them in Hyssop-water very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and dissolve in it Syrup of Roses solutive , Electuary Diaphaenicon , of each one ounce ; mix it for a Potion . Every night give the Patient a Pill of Styrax , or Hounds-tongue , to stay the Rheum , and to give ease and rest . If the Catarrh be serous and hot , accompanied with a Fever , and the sick have a costive Body , this Clyster will be effectual . Take the common decoction for Clysters twelve ounces ; Diacatholicon , Electuary of the Juice of Roses , of each six drachms ; Oil of Chamomel two ounces ; common Salt one drachm ; mix it for a Clyster . After the operation of it , you may open a Vein in either Arm , and take away eight or nine ounces of Bloud . Then give this purging decoction . Take Borage , Lettice , Purslain , Endive , Violets , of each one handfull ; the four greater coldeeds , of each one drachm ; Damask-prunes ten , Anise-seed , sweet Fennel-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised , and boiled in eight ounces of the pectoral decoction till half be consum'd ; then strain it , and dissolve in it Syrup of Roses solutive , Electuary of the Juice of Roses , of each half an ounce ; Spirit of Niter six drops ; mix it for a Potion . You may give this Potion twice in a week ; which will both temper and gently evacuate the serous and acid humours ; and flatuous Vapours will also thereby be discust , and gently educ'd . To cause rest , and thicken the Rheum , let one of these Pills be given every Night to bed-ward . Take of Laudanum three grains ; Powder of Olibanum , Extract of Saffron , of each four grains , with a little pectoral Syrup , make it into four Pills . Or you may give a Pill of Styrax every Night going to bed . When the Rheum flows down from the Head , into the Trachoea arteria , it stirs up a Coughing more or less , according to the sharpness and plenty of the humours , which are many ways vitiated ; wherefore a Cough may be diversly cur'd , according to the diversity of its cause . If the humours be over sour , they may be corrected with Pearl , Coral , Crabs-eyes , &c. If the Rheum be too serous and salt ; the aforesaid pil . Estyrace & Cynaglos . &c. is excellent to temper it . Becchical Troches , both white and black are not onely effectual , but gratefull to the sick in this coughing distemper . If the humours be thick and viscous , they require sourish sweet things , and Aromaticks to attenuate and cut them . The fore-mention'd Julep may be prescrib'd in this Case . When the salt , sharp and serous humours abounding , are corrected and temper'd ; they may be diminisht by Hydragogues . The Hydragogue Electuary prescrib'd in page 18 is an effectual and gratefull medicine , which may be often us'd to the profit of the sick . Children may take from one drachm to two , and Adults to half an ounce ; of this excellent medicine once or twice a week . As in other distempers always , so let me here admonish you in general , to be very diligent to attend to the medicines that most conduce to every particular Body , whereby they may be prefer'd before the rest ; and as long as they profit , continue in the use thereof , that so the health of the sick may be every way promoted . When much bloud is voided by coughing , there is great danger ; wherefore we must hasten the more to its cure ; left the opportunity here ( if any where urgent ) be lost by delay ; for the singular substance of the Lungs is easily infected and corrupted , but difficultly restor'd and repair'd ; wherefore bloud carried down from the Head into the Lungs , and raising a Cough , is to be stopt in its efflux . To this end let a Vein be opened , especially if a Plethora concur , or there be a notable heat of Bloud , or a suppression of its wonted emptying . After bleeding , let the over great heat be allay'd with sour and tart medicines ; for example take the following Decoction . Take of Plantane , Housleek , Wood-sorrel , of each two handfulls ; boil them in Barley-water one quart till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of Jujubes three ounces ; Salt prunella one drachm ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . The flux of bloud may be stopt by conglutinating medicines , which have power to close the Vessels , either broken by violent coughing , or corroded by the sharpness of the descending Rheum . Take the Waters of Comfry , Plantane , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , distil'd Vinegar , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Mirtles , Comfry , of each six drachms ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; Oil of Sulphur per Campanam twenty drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every two hours . This choice medicine often taken , will cure the most ruptions of vessels , and will soon stop the flux of bloud , beyond expectation ; but I advise , that a sparing use of it should be continued for some time , after the disease is cur'd to sense , whereby the affected parts may be strengthned against the access of a new evil . The bloud distilling into the sharp Artery of the Lungs , will soon corrupt and turn into purulent matter , if not prevented by convenient medicines , which hath power to dissolve the coagulated bloud , that it may be the easier expectorated . The following form may be prefer'd . Take the Waters of Hyssop , Fennel , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vineger , of each half an ounce ; Syrup of Hore-houud one ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give two or three spoonfulls every two hours . If the Lungs be ulcerated , the Cure thereof will be promoted , if you add two or three drops of Balsam of Sulphur , with Oil of Annise-seed , to every spoonfull that you give of the aforefaid medicine , or in any pectoral Decoction ; it must be given oft in a day ; the better to finish the Cure. In all Catarrhs if the Rheum have been long , you may use a Decoction of China , which will wonderfully temper the humours ; or you may add lign . sanctum , sassaphras , sarsaparilla , &c. which will dry up the Rheum by degrees . The sharp humours being temper'd , and the matter of Rheum partly evacuated by Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues , &c. outward means that dry up Rheum are likewise to be used ; as Caps for the Head , Perfumes , Errhines , Sternutatories , Masticatories , Apophlegmatisms , &c. Ventoses with Scarification , may be also applied to the Neck and Shoulders ; and Fontinels may be made in the Neck and Arm , for they have been often profitable in Catarrhs . Also Vesiccatories applied to the Coronal future , and inter scapulas will avail much . Let the Temples and parts adjacent be anointed with Oil of Amber , Oil of Nutmegs , &c. and let the Fume of Amber or Mastick be often drawn up into the Nostrils . Also a Sternutatory ( such as is prescrib'd in page 21. in the Cure of the Palsie ) is very effectual to cause sneezing , twice or thrice in a day . A Cap may be also quilted for the Head ( of the following things ) with Cotton-wool and red Sarcenet . Take of sweet Marjoram , Betony , Baum , Bazil , Red-rose buds , of each half a handfull ; the Berries of Mirtle and Juniper , the Seeds of Peony and white Poppy , of each one drachm ; Calamus aromaticus , Nutmegs , Cloves , Frankincense , Mastick , Styrax calamitis , Laudanum , of each two drachms ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder , for a quilted Cap. Also this following Powder may be prepar'd , to fumigate the Head and Cloaths ; morning and evening . Take of Olibanum , Styrax calamitis , Amber , of each two drachms ; red Roses , Coriander-seeds prepar'd , Mastick , Gum of Ivy , Cloves , Mirtle-berries , white Poppy-seeds , of each one drachm ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder . Also this Masticatory may be often used . Take of Mustard-seed , Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Master-wort , Capers , Mastick , Amber , of each one drachm ; let them be all beaten into a gross Powder , and tye up some of it in a Linen-rag , and chew it in the mouth every day before Dinner and Supper . Or you may chew either Mastick , Amber , or the Root of Pellitory of Spain by it self , which will draw the serous humours away by spitting . Errhines may also be used ; they are either moist or dry , the dry are made with Pepper , Betony , Rosemary , Stavesacre , &c. The liquid are made with the Juices of Rosemary , Ivy , Beets , Mercury , sweet Marjoram , &c. And it may here be noted , that when Rheum doth flow down to the Throat , Lungs , &c. then Errhines may be used ; but when the humours flow to the Eyes , Nose , &c. then use Masticatories , for a Revulsion ; Revulsio enim est humoris fluentis attractio in partem contrariam . The Spirit of Salt Armoniack , held to the Nose in a narrow mouth'd Glass , doth wonderfully conduce above all others , not onely to dissolve the viscous phlegmatick humours , obstructing the Glandules : But also temperates the acid Saltness of Catarrhs . Plaisters may be also applied to the Head being first shaved , to dry up the Rheum , and strengthen the Brain . This may serve for Example . Take of the Plaisters ad Herniam , and Cephalick , Taccamahac , of each half an ounce ; mix it , and spread it on leather , and apply it to the Head. Let the Rheumatick live in a warm and dry Air , and use a drying Diet with moderation in eating , drinking , sleeping , and all other things . Jejunet , vigilet , sitiat : qui Rheumata curat . BOOK II. CHAP. I. Of Shortness of Breathing . SHortness or Difficulty of Breathing , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. afflo calidum ori . It is a disease in which the Bronchia of the Lungs are so stuffed with viscous Phlegm , that the sick can hardly breathe , but with wheasing , blowing or puffing , and do make a great noise with snorting ; in which the Diaphragma , and intercostal Muscles are violently moved . If the Lungs onely are stuffed , it is without snorting , and is then called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aegre , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro . In this the conduits of the Lights are much stopped , causing hardness , or straitness of breath , and pursiness . But if the Patient fetcheth breath with much difficulty , with the Neck stretched upright ; it may then be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rectus , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , spiro , i. e. erecta cervice spirare . The cause of this disease , is the Juice of the Pancreas growing more sour by its obstruction , joined to viscous Phlegm in the small gut , by which it becomes more flatulent ; and being stir'd up in its effervescency with Choler , it riseth to the Thoracick passage , by the Lacteal Veins , and so to the Heart and Lungs , and filling the airy conduits thereof , and sticking there , it causeth a breathing with snorting . The same humour is also carried to the Stomach , which causeth many sour Belchings in this distemper ; and if these flatuous humours become more sharp than viscous ; so often as they come to the Lungs , they pierce into the sharp Artery , and do so provoke and molest it , that thereby the Lungs are compelled to cough , by which the Expiration of Air is deprav'd . If there be much moisture contain'd in the sharp Artery , it will be the easier expelled by the help of coughing , but if the Trachea Arteria be affected with driness , then nothing is spit out , though with great and much labour , but the universal Body is wearied in vain with indeavouring to cough ; whence there is sometimes raised a vehement Pain both of the Head and Hypochondries , and other parts ; yea sometimes a Rupture is bred by it , and the Urine and Excrements are thereby often involuntarily extruded . 2. If this disease be not speedily removed , it will prove chronical and hard to be cur'd , unless the Patient be young and of a strong constitution , for otherwise it will end in a Cachexie or Dropsie . An Asthma , or wheasing Anxiety may happily be cured ( in the beginning ) by an Antimonial vomit , especially in those who do vomit easily , because the Phlegmatick humours ( which are contained in the sharp Artery , &c. ) are thereby immediately brought up ; but if vomiting hurts the sick , the humours may be evacuated downwards by gentle purgation , with powerfull and effectual Phlegmagogues , and Hydragogues , such as is prescrib'd in the Chapter of Catarrhs . page 56. 57. If the Patient hath a costive Body , let carminative Clysters be often administred ; and if the Body be plethorick , let a vein be opened , either in the Foot , or apply Leeches to the Haemorrhoid veins , which will much conduce to free the respiration . Such medicines as have an expectorating quality , and have power to temper and discuss the over sharp vapours , may be often us'd in a little quantity . The following Julep may be commended in this case . Take of the pectoral Decoction half a pint , Cinamon-water , Syrups of Hore-hound , Fennel , of each one ounce and half ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack , Niter , of each twenty drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; Oil of Sulphur per Campanam ten drops , mix it . Quercetanus his Syrup of Tobacco , is commended in this distemper . Also Tobacco taken in a Pipe , or chewed in the mouth , draweth abundance of viscous Phlegm out of the Stomach and Lungs . Many more medicines might be inserted , but I refer you to the Chapter of Catarrhs , where you may be throughly furnished . CHAP. II. Of the Pleurisie , and other Inflammations . THE Pleurisie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 latus , quod tunicoe costos succingentis lateris dolor . It is also called in Latin Pleuritis , & Inflammatio ; it being an Inflammation of the Pleura , and also of the intercostal Muscles , and other adjacent parts , as the mediastinum , pericardium , diaphragma , &c. It is attended with many Symptomes , as difficulty of breathing , shooting and pricking pain of the sides , which is the more exasperated by coughing , and is common in this distemper ; the Patient hath also a continual acute Fever , which is most commonly symptomatical . The Inflammation of the Lungs is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 circum & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pulmo , quod a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spiro . It is also called in Latin Peripneumonia , & Peripneumonicus morbus . It is not different in the causes or signs from a Pleurisie . The cause of the Pleurisie , and Peripneumony , and all other inflammations , is an obstruction of the Capillary vessels , ( in the inflamed part ) by glutenous Phlegm , carried together with the bloud through them , and if a Plethora concur , the bloud and humours will soon be stagnated , and become acrid and fervid , which preternaturally distends the vessels , by which circulation of the Bloud is hindred , so that at length the vessels break , and the Bloud is poured into the part affected ; which there corrupts and increaseth the pain and inflammation , and consequently produceth a tumour , whee the putrid bloud and humours , ( being ●y degrees corrupted , ) are converted into ●urulent matter ; for the bloud being stagnated , or standing still in any part , the s●irituous , and more volatile and s●btle parts , that are wont to temper both the acid and salt parts , do afterward begin to vanish , whence both being made sharper , do more fiercely rise up one against another , and stir up an hot Effervescency , because of the Oily parts of the bloud present ; yea by degrees do so corrupt the bloud , as it turns it into matter , which is different according to the variousness of the bloud corrupted . 1. The sooner the inflammation and Tumour comes to suppuration , the more easie will be the Cure. 2. If a Pleurisie follow an Inflammation of the Lungs , there may be hopes of recovery ; but if a Peripneumony follow a Pleurisie , or Quinzy , 't is dangerous , and ( for the most part ) mortal . 3. If much matter be expectorated by coughing , and there still remain difficulty of breathing , 't is an ill sign ; so likewise is it , if in coughing nothing be spit up . 4. If the Pleurisie , or Peripneumony remain above twelve days , an Empiema will inevitably ensue ; for the bloud standing still , is by little and little collected in its vessels , and be●ng peccant in a great excess , it distends them more and more , till at length they burst ; whence there happens an effusion of blo●d into the Cavity of the Breast , and being there collected , and corrupted into matter , it constitutes a suppuration called Empien●a . To ●ure a Pleurisie , and any Inflammation , and Aposteme following , it is required , that 1. The obstruction of the vessels be opened , that the Circulation of the Bloud stopt , and standing still may be restor'd . 2. That the Bloud effus'd out of its vessels ( if possible ) may be discuss'd , before it turns to matter . 3. That if the Suppuration cannot be hindred , it must be promoted with all expedition , that the purulent matter collected , might be evacuated . 4. That the cleansing and consolidation of the Ulcer be speedily performed . An obstruction of the vessels by viscous Phlegm , or bloud coagulated in them , may be cur'd by volatile Salts , prepar'd not onely of several parts of Animals , but also of Scorbutick plants , viz. Dandelion , Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , Garden and Water-cresses , &c. To these may be referred Crabs-eyes , the Jaws of a Pike , the Bone of a Harts-heart , Mummy , Sperma coeti , Antimony Diaphoretick , Opium prepar'd , &c. as also all fixt metallick and mineral Sulphurs . These volatile medicines have an egregious Power of dissolving all things coagulated , and conglutinated in Man's body , and of reducing the same to their wonted fluidity , and do mildly promote sweat ; hence it is that often by one such Diaphoretick given in season , both a Pleurisie , and Piripneumony , and also Inflammations of other parts have been most happily and safely cured without Phlebotomy . But where a Plethora concurs ; after a stool hath been procur'd by a carminative Clyster , let a vein be opened , for thereby the bloud standing still will be restor'd to its wonted Circulation ; for some of the bloud being let out , there will be a larger space made in the veins , for a more brisk and swift motion of the universal Mass of it . After a sufficient quantity of bloud is taken away , it will be profitable to give a Sudorifick . This may serve for example . Take the pectoral Decoction four ounces ; the Waters of Hyssop , Fennel , Parsley , Juice of Horse-dung clarified , distilled Vineger , of each three ounces ; Treacle-water , Cinamon-water , Syrups of the five opening Roots , and of red and white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , two drachms ; Mummy , Sperma coeti , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; volatile Salt of Harts-horn half a drachm ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take often a spoonfull of this Julep , which is rich in volatile Salt , and powerfully corrects the acidity of the bloud ; by the help whereof the clottering of it will not onely be hindred , but it s over thick parts incided , and by degrees attenuated ; and it s over thin parts will be discust , and evacuated together with Sweat or insensible Transpiration : It s over sharp parts will be also temper'd , and the Pain asswaged , and at length wholly taken away ; as also the obstruction it self will be loosened and dissolved ; for when the volatile Salt of the Sudorifick comes to the place of obstruction , it attempts the matter obstructing be it what it will , and cuts , attenuates , loosens , and makes it fluid ; whence it is farther driven forward together with it more easily . The bloud is also thereby more and more rarified , and becomes more fluid , and moveable ; wherefore there needs no farther care for elaborated medicaments , and Methods . Frustra fit per plura , quod fieri potest per pauciora . As for Topical medicaments , or external applications , the following are excellent . Take the roots of Briony , Smallage , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the tops of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Hedge-mustard , Agrimony , Wormwood , Mint , Vervain , Flowers of Melilot , Chamomel , of each two handfuls ; Cummin-seed , the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two ounces . Let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in two gallons of Rain-water till half of it be boiled away , then strain it for a Fomentation . Let the Inflammation or Tumor be well bathed with it , as hot as may be suffered , either with woollen cloaths , or soft spunges , fit to cover the part affected ; after which let it be anointed with the following ointment . Take Ointments of Marsh-mallows , Martiatum , of each one ounce ; Oils of Dill , Bays , Lillies , Poppies , Henbane , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Amber , Turpentine , Bricks , of each one drachm ; Camphire two drachms ; mix it . Then let this plaister be spread on leather , or linen cloath , and applied . Take Yellow Wax four ounces , Sperma caeti , two ounces ; Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar , one ounce . Make it into a plaster according to art . This egregious Plaster doth not onely preserve the bloud from coagulation in any part where it is applied ; but Milk also from curdling in the Paps . But if it be not to be had , the following dissolving , and mollifying Cataplasm may be substituted . Take of Onions rosted under the ashes two ounces ; Dwarf-elder , Hedge-mustard , Vervain , Elder , Chervil , Water-cresses , of each one handfull ; Powders of Album Graecum , Lupines , a Swallows nest , Barley-meal , of each one ounce ; Butter-milk as much as will make it into a Pultis . Apply it meanly warm to the inflam'd part , for thereby the internal obstruction will be the better opened ; but it must be renewed as often as it begins to dry . When the bloud is effus'd into such places , out of which it cannot be well remov'd , or discust ; suppuration or the generation of matter , must be promoted , and hastned ; which may be done by emollient and ripening Medicines , as the roots and leaves of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , white Lillies , Onions , Squills , the powder of Fenugreek , and Flax-seed , the meal of Barley and Beans , the Marrow of all bones , and all kind of fats , and almost any Oil that is exprest of seeds , or kernels ; as also divers sorts of Gums , as Galbanum , Liquid Styrax , Bdellium , Amoniacum , and also Wax and Turpentine , &c. Of these you may prepare Cataplasms , Oils , Unguents , Emplasters , &c. Which Judicious Physicians and Chyrurgions may doe as they see occasion . But when there is much heat in the part inflam'd , beware of all unctuous things , and let your Fomentations and Cataplasms be made with Butter-milk , which doth egregiously temper heat , and hinder St. Anthonie's fire from being easily join'd with the Inflammation . The generation of matter being promoted , and the Tumor come to suppuration , let it be opened either with an Instrument or potential Cauterie , in the softest and lowest part of it ; and let the matter be evacuated by little and little , because otherwise the strength of the sick will not be a little prostrated , especially when there is much matter contained in the Aposteme ; wherefore let not the Tumor be pressed hard , which is familiar with many Chyrurgions , but often proves prejudicial to the Patient . If the Orifice be too small , you may dilate it with a tent made of spunge dipt in Melilot plaster , and afterward pressed ; but it is better to lay it open by incision , if it may conveniently be done ; after which you must forth-with proceed to cleanse and consolidate the Ulcer ; to which end several Medicines are wont to be applied , all which I neither blame nor carp at . I have often considered ( with admiration ) the laudable effect of Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Turpentine , &c. In this case incredible to many , if a little of it be mixt with a milder Balsam , and dropt in or applied to the Ulcer ; for shortly after , the generation of new Phlegm is so diminisht , that oft by the help of this one Balsam , I have in a few days perfectly cur'd notable Apostemes after Inflammations , bred both in the Breasts and elsewhere . By this experiment not a little to be esteem'd I judge the cleansing and consolidation of Ulcers following Apostemes , to consist in the correction of acid and corroding matter , adhering to the Ulcer , and corrupting the bloud , ( at least in part that is apt to nourish it ) and turning it into new matter ; which may be corrected by the mention'd Balsam of Sulphur which is not onely Aromatical , but abounds with a volatile oily Salt ; by which the acid Spirit ( which corrupts the bloud into matter ) is not onely dull'd , but so amended , that the bloud flowing to it soon repairs the parts before consum'd , and finisheth the last consolidation . What farther may be deduc'd from this experiment , to perfect Physick and Chyrurgery also in other cures , let both ingenious Physicians , and Chyrurgeons , weigh and judge . If a Pleurisie , or Peripneumonie , be not carefully cured , and Empiema ( which is a collection of purulent matter in the cavity of the Breast ) will unavoidably follow . Wherefore if these Humors cannot be evacuated by expectoration , nor by sweating , pissing , or purging ; the matter may be drawn out by a * Paracenthesis made in the Breast . The Apertion may be made four or five inches from the Sternon ; not so near the upper as the lower rib , because under each rib there is an Intercostal Vein , Arterie and Nerve . I do not approve of the old way of performing this operation , viz. After the Orifice is made , to put in a Perforated Pipe of Gold , Silver , or Lead , and there to remain till the matter be all discharged . There is now a safer and surer way wherein is not onely avoided many difficulties and dangers , but 't is also done with less trouble and pain to the Patient . The Instrument must be made of Steel , sharp at the point like a Lancet , and hollow like a quill , with holes in several places towards the point , the better to evacuate the matter . When the quantity ( which you intend ) is discharged , draw out the Instrument , and put a little pledget of dry lint on the Orifice , and upon it a sticking plaster ; the next day ( according to the strength of the sick ) repeat it , either in the first place , or make a new Apertion . Thus you may doe every day , till the matter be all discharged . By this Instrument may a Hydrocele be also discharged , and likewise the Dropsie of the Breast and Abdomen . They that desire more directions in this Operation , may peruse Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente , in Libro de Operationibus Chirurgicis . CHAP. III. Of the consumption or Phthisick , and an Hectick Fever . THE Consumption is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Tabesco , because in this disease the sick doth consume or waste away . It is called in Latin Tabes , which is a general name for all Consumptions , whether it be Atrophia , Cachexia , or Phthisis ; but it may most properly be taken for an Extenuation of the whole body , caused by an Ulcer of the Lungs . The purulent matter of the Ulcer circulating with the bloud , doth infect , and by degrees corrupt the whole mass of it , which makes it unfit for nourishment ; hence it is that all the parts of the body do waste and consume . The causes are many , sometimes purulent matter may be communicated to the Lungs , from the Plurisie or Empiema , inflaming and corrupting them , which causeth an Ulcer . Sometimes a salt and sharp Rheum flowing down from the Head to the Trachea Arteria , which doth not onely cause a vehement Coughing , but doth corrode the Lungs being naturally tender ; Hence an Ulcer will be caused . Also many times Pustules , or Tubercles , are generated in the Lungs , and coming to suppuration , they break ; and the matter flowing to the Bronchia , it may be spit up , if the Patient have strength ; but oft times an Ulcer remaineth , which causeth a Consumption . These causes depend sometimes on Choler , sometimes on the juice of the Pancreas , sometimes on Spittle , sometimes on Chyle , sometimes on Lympha any way Vitiated , by which the mass of bloud ( in time ) becomes also corrupted . When the Lungs decline from their Natural consistency , they Will soon become hard and tumorous , and so by degrees they will be corrupted , and ulcerated ; and the matter of the Ulcer corrupting , and makeing the mass of bloud glutinous , in circulating with it , doth so weaken and corrupt all the parts of the body , that they become unfit to perfect natural nourishment ; and therefore of necessity the universal body must consume and pine away ; sometimes it is caused by an obstruction of the lacteal veins , which hindreth the natural passage of the Chylus . Authours mention many more causes of Consumptions ; as Gonorrhoea , Nocturnal Pollutions , want of Nourishment , &c. The signs of a Consumption begun , are a great defluxion of Rheum into the sharp Artery , causing a violent Cough , by which the Lungs are exasperated , and there follows a Hectick Fever , sometimes putrid , from the purulent matter flowing into the Veins . To know whether the Lungs be ulcerated , let the Patient spit into water ; if it sinks it is matter , which is an infallible sign of an Ulcer ; for Phlegm always swims in water . When the Ulcer is confirm'd , there is difficult breathing , and wasting of the whole body ; the spittle is thick , and of various colours . If the Ulcer of the Lungs , and Consumption hath not been long , and the strength of the sick remains , there may be hopes of recovery ; & e contra . The Hectick Fever is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. ab habitu ; quod in habitu corporis , vel in partibus solidis consistat . It is an unnatural heat which hath seized upon the solid parts , and wasteth the moisture of them . The heat in an Hectick Fever is but little , and therefore rarely troublesome to the sick , except one or two hours after meat ; at which time the heat is a little sharpned and increased , which may be known by an over frequent though weak Pulse ; but it soon returns again to its former equality . But here it will not be amiss to shew you that there is a threefold moisture in the body , viz. bloud in the Veins and Arteries , a dewy substance in every part , and also a glutinous moisture ; which doth not onely nourish , but moistneth it , and keepeth the substance of each part together . In the beginning when the moisture begins to fail , the Hectick Fever is not easily discerned because there is still sufficient moisture to entertain the natural heat ; but if ( by the long continuance of the Hectick Fever ) the radical moisture of the solid parts begins to consume , it may then be easily known , for there follows a continual and lingring leanness of the whole body ; which being reduc'd to its extremity , may be call'd in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in English an extenuating Fever . The Latin Authours call it Marcor , which signifies Corruption or Rottenness . It is an immoderate dryness , and Consumption of the whole body , by reason of the defect of the substantial humidity . There are two degrees of it according to Galen , the one is , when this extenuation of the body is in fieri , in consuming ; the other is when it is in facto esse , or consummate ; in which the body is reduc'd to such leanness , that it seemeth to be nothing else but a walking Sceleton . The causes of an Hectick Fever , are External or Internal . The External causes are all that may occasion any of the other Fevers , for oft times Hectick Fevers are observ'd to follow other diseases , and especially Fevers of one day , proceeding from a great errour in Diet , and also from continual , and intermitting Fevers , when they are very vehement ; but most frequently from Inflammations of the Bowels , especially of the Lungs , for when an Ulcer follows , then the whole mass of bloud is infected by matter , and gets a singular glutinousness ; which being communicated to the other humours , spoils them with the same fault , and renders them unfit to perform the natural Functions rightly . Sometimes Hectick Fevers are observ'd to arise immediately from excess of the nonnatural things , as most vehement anger , too much watchings , immoderate sorrow , continued labour , want of food , &c. The Internal cause is , the over viscousness of the bloud and humours , because of which not onely the appetite of all food is diminished , and at length dejected , but the nourishment of all the parts of the body is dayly decreas'd ; for when there is loathing of food , then fermentation , separation of usefull from unusefull parts , sanguification , generation of the Animal Spirits , &c. is hindred and destroyed ; whence the toughness , and sluggishness of Choler , Spittle , the juice of the Pancreas , and Lympha , is dayly augmented , and the evil becomes by degrees greater , and at length incurable . If you perceive that there is so much of the radical moisture remaining , as is able to cherish the natural heat , which you may discern , if the colour of the body be fresh , if the figure be decent , if the proportion of the parts be according to nature , and the sick can ( in some good measure ) perform all actions , you may conceive some hopes of recovery . But if the Body be extenuated , almost like a Sceleton , viz. when the body seemeth to be nothing else but Skin and Bone , ( as the vulgar proverb is ) acquaint the sick with the danger , least Death seize upon them unprepared . Nevertheless , if the sick implore your aid of Christian Charity , withdraw not what comfort you are able to procure unto them . The Cure of a Consumption , and Hectick Fever , will differ not a little , according to the diversity of causes producing them . When an Hectick Fever comes with , or succeeds Fevers with or without fits , then upon their account , the cure may be varied according to the divers harm of the humours , differently peccant . If a Consumption , or Hectick Fever , be caused by purulent matter from an Ulcer of the Lungs , &c. then you must endeavour to free the bloud and humours from matter , which may be done by any Antimonial medicines rightly prepared , perhaps before all others ; whether they be Diaphoreticks , Purgers , or Vomiters , as experience doth manifest ; for it hath been observ'd , ( even in a Phthisick , and an inveterate great Ulcer of the Lungs ) to bring away a good quantity of matter , by Stool and Urine , so that then for many days , no matter was cast forth by a Cough . Among common things , all Vulnerary plants are good used in Decoctions . Let this or one like it , be a form of a Decoction in this case . Take the Roots of Plantain , Comfry , Round-birthwort , Liquorish , of each two ounces ; Fennel , Scabious , Plantain , of each two handfulls ; Figs , Raisons of the sun stoned , of each four ounces ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and boiled in three quarts of Barley-water till a third part be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrups of Hore-hound , and Hyssop , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains . Mix it . Let the sick drink two ounces of this Decoction oft in a day ; and if you add one or two drops of Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Annise-seed to every draught , it will be the more effectual . The Balsam prepared of the truly Sulphureous and inflameable Flowers of Antimony , is most excellent in this distemper , if it may be had , which may be taken as the Balsam of Sulphur . Also those medicines may be used which mildly amend and correct the viscousness , and glutinousness of all the humours ; for which I commend all mild Aromaticks , and Oily Volatile Salts , as that cut and alter every viscous humour , and reduce it into its natural state . Those medicines are to be selected as do most conduce to , and agree with the constitution of every sick person . Vitriolated Tartar is an excellent medicine , which will agree with all constitutions , and may be taken from ten to twenty grains ( every other morning ) in a little warm Broth. Also the following medicine is very effectual . Take the Powder of Cream of Tartar , and Tartar Vitriolated , of each half a drachm ; Volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salt of Amber , of each ten grains . Mix it for two doses , which may be taken in Chicken Broth , in the morning . These choice medicines will conduce much to cleanse the bloud and humours from all purulent matter , if there be any hopes of the Patient's recovery . All Effusions of Bloud , Seed and Milk , are to be shun'd , except the wonted emptyings , which are natural and serve the individual . Let the motions of the Mind be moderate , and the exercise of the Body be gentle , and let sleep and watchings keep a mediocrity . Appoint a moistning and nourishing Diet , which is of easie fermentation , as Broth , and Jellies of young Creatures , and Milk of Goats , Sheep and Cows , and chiefly of wholsome Women . A Panado made with the Broth of a Chicken , the Crums of White-bread , and the Yelk of a new laid Egg , may sometimes be given the sick for a change . Let cooling Herbs be boiled in the Broth , and Jellies ; adding other ingredients that are cooling , moistning and cordial , both to strengthen Nature , and revive the Spirits . Let the sick drink Barley-water , made pleasant with some Pectoral Syrup ; and if they have been accustomed to drink Wine , let it be well diluted with water . As for Fruit , Apples are much commended , especially Pippins , and Permains , which will much refresh the sick . If the Patient be costive , you may sometimes administer a Clyster of Milk and the yelk of an Egg. The worst symptome that can attend these diseases , is a Loosness ; if it so happen , give Goats or Cows milk , wherein steel hath been quenched , and Rice boiled in it , adding a little Powder of Cinamon , and let the sick eat commonly of it . CHAP. IV. Of the Palpitation of the Heart . THIS Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin , palpitatio Cordis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod leviter ac frequenter commovet ; because there is an over frequent Pulsation or leaping of Bloud in the Heart , &c. It is a Convulsive motion of the Heart , with a vehement Systole , and Diastole of it ; which sometimes hath been so inordinate , that the Pulsation hath not been onely seen , but heard at a notable distance ; yea sometimes it hath been so great , that the adjacent Ribs in young and tender people ( who have been afflicted with this distemper ) hath been dislocated , and the Aorta or great Artery , hath been much dilated . See Fernelius lib. 5. cap. 12. pag. 292. This deprav'd motion , or Palpitation of the Heart , is for the most part caused from sharp , viscous and flatuous humours , frequently arising out of the small Guts , and transmitted to the ventricles of the Heart , and adhereth to them , by which the Heart is provoked to a vehement and unequal contraction of it self , without intermission . These humours are mov'd and driven forward , either by their vitious effervescency ; or else they are stirr'd up by violent motion or exercise of the Body , especially in the quick ascending of a steep hill ; and sometimes they are constrain'd , or urg'd by grievous Passions of the mind . Sometimes there have been observ'd fleshy Tumours , and Cartilaginous excrescencies in the Substance of the Heart , when dissected ; and those poor Creatures when living were never free from a vehement Palpitation . Also Worms have been found in the Pericardium , of some that have been dissected after death ; which without doubt caused a deprav'd motion , or pulsation of the Heart when living . That which is caused by fleshy Tumours , Cartilaginous excrescencies , Worms , or any other extraneous thing in the Pericardium , or substance of the Heart , is incurable . But the Palpitation of the Heart which is caused by acrimonious , flatuous and viscous humours may be cured . Those medicines must be administred , that cut , and discuss , and temper an acid Acrimony . The following Julep may serve for an example . Take the Waters of Parsley , Fennel , of each three ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , Syrup of Mint , of each two ounces ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; mix it , let the sick take a spoonfull of it every quarter of an hour , till they get some ease . If the distemper hath persever'd long ; the peccant humours must be emptied out by purging ; and to educe them , I prefer before all others , Pills to be made of Gums , seeing they loosen the glutinous humours , and dispose them to be easier carried out . For example . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar half an ounce ; Powder of Scammony prepar'd , Troches Alhandal , of each two drachms ; Oil of Carraway twenty drops ; make it into a Mass for Pills . Take five or six of these Pills in the Morning fasting , twice a week . They who abhor Pills , may use an Aromatick and purging Decoction . The following though bitter is very efficacious . Take the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Roots of Angelica , Berries of Bay and Juniper , of each half an ounce ; the best Senna , Orange-peel , Carraway-seed , Coloquintida , of each one drachm ; Guiacum four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of Roses with Senna four ounces , Cinamon-water two ounces ; mix it . Let the sick take four ounces of this bitter Decoction , every other Morning ; which will by degrees diminish , and mildly educe the hurtfull humours by purging . But seeing not onely the cause ought to be removed , but also the Symptomes asswag'd , by refreshing the Heart ; you must administer cordial Medicines which have power to corroborate the Heart , and to cherish and strengthen nature . The following Cordial may be preferred in this Case . Take the Waters of Baum , Mint , Borage , Cinamon , of each three ounces ; Syrups of Baum , red Poppies , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . Amber-greese , of each ten grains , mix it . Let the sick take two spoonfulls of this rich Cordial every three hours , which will wonderfully refresh , and delight the sensible Stomach , from whence the perfumed impressions will soon be communicated to the whole Body ; by which all the vital and animal Functions will be refreshingly cherished , and strengthned , and the Palpitation of the Heart eased and abated . If the Patient hath a costive Body , let a carminative Clyster be sometimes administred , and if a Plethora concur , let a vein be opened , either with an Instrument in the Arm , or by Leeches applied to the Haemorrhoids . CHAP. V. Of an universal Languishing , as also of Swouning and Syncope . AN universal Languishing of the strength of all the parts and functions , is sometimes observ'd to remain after some disease preceding , not rightly cured ; especially when the Infirmity hath been grievous , for then a weariness or defect of the Animal motion doth usually concur , together with a weak or little pulse , and dulness and debility of the internal and external senses ; whereby the sick continues weak and more languishing ( by certain intervalls ) than is natural . All the kinds of Swounings , may be divided ( for methods sake ) into two , viz. the lighter kind , and the most grievous . The lighter kind of Swouning or fainting is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin animae defectio , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anima , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 deficere , because it is an Imbecility or Feebleness of the Heart and Courage . The most grievous and singular kind of swouning , is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 concido , to cut away ; quod praeceps virium omnium lapsus . It is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. pulsus privatio , because there is no pulse ; neither indeed ( presently in the fit ) is there any Animal or voluntary motion or respiration to be observ'd , so that they are more like dead than living Creatures . The signs of these fits approaching are yawnings , a Cardialgy , Anxiety of Compression of the Heart , griping and distension of the Belly , tinkling in the Ears , dimness before the Eyes , and a Giddiness ; and at the approach of a Syncope , there are often Convulsive motions , with a cold and glutinous sweat , and paleness of all the parts of the Body . The causes of these distempers are either external , or internal . The external are many , as extreme weariness of the Body , exceeding passions of the mind , prolong'd hunger or thirst , ungratefull smells , the sight of any Person or thing that is envied , too great effusion of Bloud , Seed or Milk , over great evacuation of the humours , by Vomit , Stool , Sweat , Urine , &c. It may also be caused by the biting or stinging of any venemous Creature , and by any other vehement pain . Sometimes it is produc'd by a great heat , either of the Sun , Fire , Bath or Fever . Any of these Causes mention'd ( being extreme ) may so change , and diminish the natural effervescency , and rarefaction of the bloud , that the Heart it self is not thereby enough expanded , and contracted : So that the vital bloud cannot be sufficiently effus'd into the Arteries ; and therefore the Pulse is felt less and more languishing , yea sometimes none . The internal Cause is glutinousness encreased in the bloud , and the other humours ; and sometimes an encreased Acidity in the Juice of the Pancreas , Lympha and Spittle ; by which the Circulation of the Bloud and Humours becomes too slow ; hence the Ventricles of the Heart are not enough dilated , which causeth the Pulse to be weaker than is natural , for the effervescency of the bloud and humours being not potent enough , cannot provoke the Heart to contract it self , and therefore a Swouning or Syncope will inevitably ensue . They who are much subject to a Swouning or Syncope , dye suddenly . Those fits which are produc'd from some evident cause , as vehement passions of the mind , immoderate evacuations , &c. are less dangerous than those which come from an internal cause , as glutinousness of the bloud and humours , &c. Which in a great measure hindreth its free Circulation through the Ventricles of the Heart , whereby there is a sudden and swift sailing of the vital Spirits , and consequently of all strength . To cure an universal languishing , as also a Swouning and Syncope ; the phlegmatick , glutinous , and acid Humours must not onely be corrected , but when they abound , must be diminish'd and educ'd out of the Body . Therefore to correct and amend the said humours abounding , both in the universal Body , and Bloud ; I will here set down some forms of select medicines , for the sake of young Physicians . The following Decoction , is an efficacious Medicine . Take the Roots of Elicampane , Galangal , Angelica , Calamus Aromaticus , the sive opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Sage , Baum , Betony , sweet Marjoram , the Tops of Hore-hound , Centaury , Wormwood , the Flowers of Rosemary , Staechas , Chamomel , Clove-gilliflowers , of each one handfull ; the Seeds of Anise , Sweet-fennel , Parsley , Cardamoms , Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two drachms ; Orange-peel , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Nutmegs one drachm ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of Fountain-water for a night ; then boil it gently till a third part be consumed ; strain it , and add Syrup of Mugwort , Staechas , tincture of Cinamon , of each two ounces ; mix all together . Two or three ounces of this Decoction may be taken at any time , twice in a day , either before or after meat , that so the power of the medicine may mildly mix and incorporate it self , not onely with the food , but with Spittle in the Stomach , and also with the threefold humour flowing together in the small Guts ; and thence with the universal bloud and humours in all the Veins and Arteries ; whereby the desired amendment , and correcting of them will be performed , sooner , easier and more happily . If any like a medicinal Wine better , they may infuse the aforesaid Ingredients in a sufficient quantity of White-wine , and drink it daily both at dinner and supper time . These choice Medicines may be continued for some time ; but when the sick is weary of them , you may use the same Ingredients in the form of a Powder , or Electuary , or make them into Troches , with Syrup of Staechas , Mugwort , &c. Or you may make use of those compound Powders which are to be sold at the shops , viz. Spec. Diambr . Diagalangae , Dianthos , &c. all or either of which may be used as aforesaid . If any will be better pleas'd with Pills than other Forms , you may prescribe these , or some like them . Take of Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar two scruples ; Powder of Amber , Mastick , of each one scruple ; Frankincense , Mirrh , Castor , of each ten grains ; Vitriol of Mars prepar'd to whiteness , half a drachm ; Chymical Oil of Mace , eight drops ; beat them into a mass for Pills . Let the Patient take four or five of there Pills in the morning fasting , or at night an hour after supper ; whereby the viscous phlegmatick and acid humours will be potently corrected , and temper'd ; which being done , the peccant humours may be effectually educ'd with these hydragogue Pills . Take Gum , Sagapenum prepar'd with Vinegar half a drachm , Rosin of Jallap , Gambogia , of each one scruple ; Oil of Juniper four drops ; mix them into Pills . Four or five of these Pills may be administred at a time ; or more or sewer , as the sick is more difficult or easie to be purg'd . When a swouning Fit or Syncope is near approaching , give those things that will powerfully concentrate the sour flatuous vapours , and discuss the glutinous Phlegm . The following Volatile , and Aromatick Cordial will conduce much to this purpose . Take the Waters of Mint , Fennel , Betony , Scurvigrass , Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrups of Borage , Mint , of each six drachms ; Tincture of Castor , Confection of Alkermes , of each two drachms ; Salt of Amber one drachm ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack twenty drops ; Laudanum opiat . Amber-greese , of each six grains ; mix it . The sick may take two or three spoonfulls of this Cordial in time of the fit , and likewise both before and after , which will much repair both the Vital and Animal strength , which is wont not a little to languish in these fits . None but they who have try'd , will be easily perswaded of the wonderfull efficacy of the aforesaid medicines ; not onely in preventing , but in diminishing and soon curing Swounings and the Syncope . When either of these fits urgeth , or is upon the party , you must use those outward things , which may stir up the external senses ; as frictions of the external parts , shoutings in the Ears ; also make a smoak with Amber , or Partridg Feathers at the nose , or hold the Spirit of Salt Armoniack , ( in a narrow mouth'd glass ) to the Nostrils . You may also wring the Fingers , and pull the Hair , &c. If you have not a Cordial ready , give Cinamon , or Treacle water , or the Apoplectick or Antepileptick waters , or for want of them , Brandy , Aqua vitae or strong Wine may serve . CHAP VI. Of Fevers in General . A Fever is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel a feritate morbi , that is from the fierceness of the disease . It is called febris in latin a fervore , quasi fervens , because it is a hot distemper . A Fever is a nonnatural heat , which may be so termed , because it is more than nature requires , for the continual management of her vital functions ; for when nature is grieved , or over-burthned by any distemper , there is a strugling endeavour of nature her self to remove it , which causeth this non-natural heat . It may be called the Prince of diseases , because it is the general door , through which most of humane mortals take their exit of this world . The cause of the preternatural frequency of the pulse , is either a permanent and over rarefaction of the bloud , or any sharp , sour , or salt vapour carried to the Heart , corroding the internal substance of it ; by which the Archaeus or vital Airy spirit of the Heart is provoked to allarm all the faculties , and powers both vital and natural , that it may the more couragiously resist its invading Enemy , so that the spirits are thereby much stirred up and inflamed ; from whence proceedeth a Conflagration , or vitious Effervescency of the Bloud and Humours throughout the whole Body . Fevers are either continual , or intermitting . A continual Fever is that which remains from the first moment of its invasion , to the last of its duration . When a continual Fever is very mild , and remains but one day ; it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dies , quod diem durans . It is called in Latin Diaria , & Ephemera febris . This Fever is often excited by sudden passions of the mind , as vehement anger , &c. and also by our abode too long in the Sun , or by vitiously using any other of the six nonnatural things so called ; for which there is no great need to prescribe Medicines for a Cure , it being not difficult , the very nature of such a Fever terminating it self , most commonly by a breathing sweat , especially if you substract the Patient from the inflammatory Cause . If the Fever continues longer , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , continuo . From whence it is called in Latin febris continua , quae nullas hujusmodi mutationes habet , quae accessiones videri possint , sed unicam modo accessionem a principio usque ad finem nullis exacerbationibus distinctam . The continual Fever is also called Homotona , quae fimilem calorem ad finem usque servat . It is also called Acmastica , quae continuo crescit & intenditur . A Synochus , or continual Fever , may be divided into two sorts , viz. that which is not putrid , called in Latin Synochus non putrida , and that which is putrid , called Synochus putrida . In a Synochus non putrida , the bloud , and other humours is a little sharper than is natural , and the heat somewhat great and vaporous , declining a little to the nature and manner of those called putrid . Continual Fevers are oft times mixt or compounded with those intermitting , having some fits , and again remissions , so that they are not intermitting , but still remain continual . These fits come sometimes every day , sometimes the third , and sometimes the fourth day ; whence it may deservedly be nam'd , either a Quotidian , Tertian , or Quartan continual Fever . These Fevers upon the account of their divers causes , may not unfitly be distinguish'd into Cholerick and Lymphatick Fevers . And because under the general name of Lympha , we do not onely comprehend , that Lympha which goes from the conglobated Glandules , and other parts to the Heart ; but also the Juice of the Pancreas , and Spittle it self , proceeding from the conglomerated Glandules , and also the Liquour that ariseth from the three-fold sway of the Guts , all mixt together with Lympha , and the bloud in circulating with it . Hence may Lymphatick fevers be subdivided into glandular , pancreatick and salivary Fevers . All these Fevers may differ something according to the divers Constitution of other humours together being in the Body . But I shall wave the nice descriptions and differences of Fevers , and let the dextrous , and judicious Physician put a difference between them , as their Symptoms shall direct and indicate , for though there are many sorts of continual Fevers not putrid , yet the Cure is almost the same in all ; I shall therefore ( in a few words ) mention some of their differences , taken from the more grievous Symptoms oft accompanying them ; after the example of famous Practioners , and chiefly great Platerus , and the most famous Helmont , and judicious Sylvius , &c. 1. First , let us take notice of the exceeding heat , and most urgent burning , which attend some Fevers . It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which doth signifie burning ; in which the sick is very dry and thirsty , which is hard to be quenched . This heat is not of the essense of the disease , but proceedeth from the inflamed spirits , as is before mention'd in page 98. Neither doth the great thirst in Fevers , proceed from heat and driness , as in a true and natural thirst , but from some excrementitious matter , which adhereth to the sensitive faculty of the internal membrane of the Stomach , which is common to the Throat , Mouth and Lips , as that famous Physician , and ingenious Anatomist Doctour Alexander Read , did well observe ; which is also the cause , that those parts are always afflicted in this dry and thirsty distemper . In this Symptome , Choler is peccant , not onely in a salt Acrimony , but also an inflamable oiliness ; hence the Pulse is very great , and over frequent , &c. 2. Raving may be oft observ'd in many Fevers , which is grievous to the sick for some time , chiefly when the Fever is malign , or epidemical . The cause of this is Choler peccant as aforesaid , which so diminisheth the viscousness of the Juice of the Pancreas , that it causeth a vitious Effervescency with it , and being made sharper , it produceth a humour not much unlike black Choler , which causeth the Head-ach , and Watchings , and hence Ravings , and at length sometimes Convulsions , and Death it self . There are many more Symptoms belonging to continual or synochal Fevers . 1. As first , a speedy wasting of several parts of the body , caused by Choler , the Cure whereof may be referred to the Cure of a Hectick Fever . 2. A malignity , which suddenly dejecteth the vital strength , without manifest cause ; which for the most part is Epidemical . But of this I intend to treat particularly in Chap. 8. of this Book . 3. The last Symptome which I shall here mention , is seldom observ'd ; in which ( all the time of the disease ) the external parts are cold , while the internal parts burn ; and therefore 't is called by the Latins Lipyria febris , and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quia destituitur ardore externo . Some think this distemper consists of a double Fever , Cholerick , and Pancreatical ; and not without reason , because such like vapours may be continually rais'd in the small guts , by the Juices of the Pancreas universally over-sour ; which may be confus'd onely with the Mass of Bloud , and breed a sense of cold in the habit of the Body , whilst a burning heat is stir'd up in the internal parts by a Fever , caused by Choler more oily than sharp . The cause of every continual Fever not putrid , is sometimes Choler vitiated , sometimes Lympha together with the Juice of the Pancreas and Spittle , and many times all these together are ill affected . These vitiated humours flowing always to the Heart , cause a continual Effervescency in the right Ventricle of it ; whence the Pulse is continually produc'd more frequent against nature . Fevers in Children are caused either by the Food abounding in quantity , or by some vitious quality of it , or from an ill disposition of the digestive ferment . Milk is the general Food of Children , and there is such a propensity in its own nature to curdle , that if it be not quickly digested , it obeyeth the acid Ferment of the Stomach , and is soon coagulated like new tough Cheese , and if it be not speedily vomited up , it begets a putrefactive Ferment , which produceth terrible Symptoms , as griping , scouring , vomiting , &c. I know a Woman , that had a young Child about a Month old , which was taken very ill with Convulsions , after which followed a thorough Thrush , with a Fever , accompanied with the aforesaid Symptoms , as griping , &c. which continu'd many days , till the whole body was so maciated , that it was in a total Atrophia ; and when there was no hopes of recovery , the Nurse gave the Child a little of the infusion of the Antimonial Cup , which caused it to vomit up a Curd , three or four inches long , very green , and as tough as new Cheese : After which the Child did wonderfully recover and grow fat . Continual acute Fevers are oft times accompanied with a secret malignity , and therefore dangerous ; parvoe febres quandoque valde malignoe . The Stomach ( in continual Fevers ) is most commonly primarily affected through undigestion , or else from Excrements , not being separated and orderly evacuated ; which causeth an irregular Ferment , or nonnatural heat in the Stomach ; which ( though begun else where ) is much aggravated by vitiating Juices , found in this first Elaboratory of decocting Nature . For as in humane frame , the first heat of Nature ( preparatory to all her depending motions ) is the digestive heat for Chylification in the Stomach ; so likewise the corrupting or exasperating of the same , either by the sour Ferments , or too much of the overflowing Gall , is the Cause of most Fevers . Therefore in the beginning of the Cure , evacuation by vomiting never ought to be neglected by the carefull Physician ( provided it be duely timed ) because then most commonly it removeth the sole cause of the feverish Intemperature , without the help of any other means . And here I commend Antimonials well prepared , before all others , seeing that Antimony as well rightly prepar'd , as administred , serves no less to purifie Man's body than Gold. But if the Patient's body be costive , and there be eminent signs of a Plethora , or great fulness of Bloud ; then let a carminative Clyster be first administred , and after its operation let a Vein be opened , and draw seven or eight ounces of bloud at a time , and if there be occasion let it be reiterated ; for I always prefer it s repeated less diminution , ( as need requires ) sometimes instituted in the same day , before great evacuations made suddenly , which hath brought many Evils to the sick . It matters little what vein be opened , unless in Women , because of the monthly Terms either at hand , or hindred . And seeing it is the duty of every honest Physician to be Natures helper , he ought to endeavour to remove all impediments , whereby the sick may be cured more quickly , safely and pleasantly , without demurs , to magnifie the Cure , and inflame the reckonings . Wherefore since the first curative intention of most Fevers , is the discharge of the first turgent Monitor from the Stomach , and adjacent parts by vomiting , as is before said . Let the Patient ( upon the discovery of the assaulting Enemy ) take an Antimonial Emetick , and if one doth not suffice , let it be reiterated ; by which the Morbifick matter will be evacuated , nature calmed , and the contemperating of the incited , or enraged nonnatural heat , will be the easier performed . But here the Sex is to be consider'd , the Female not so well enduring this evacuation ; because Emeticks cause great Commotions , and flatuous Vapours in them ; which may also prevent or corrupt natures own intentions in her great discharge of turgent humours . Wherefore administer no Emetick to them , except they vomit very easily ; but rather let the peccant humours be diminisht , or emptied out gradually by the following decoction to be taken twice a day to three or four ounces . Take the Roots of Parsly , Fennel , Plantain , Peony , Dandelion , Succory , of each two ounces ; the Leaves of Endive , House-leek , Fumitory , Damask-roses , of each one handfull . Let them be cleansed , bruised and infused ( for a Night ) in one quart of Fountain-water very hot , then boil it gently till a third part be consumed , strain it and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , the best Manna , of each two ounces ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , and Tartar vitriolated , of each two drachms ; Oil of Sulphur twenty drops ; mix it all together . This pleasant Medicine will conduce much to correct the salt sharpness of Choler , and will also amend its Oily inflameableness , and separate it from the Bloud , and mildly dispose it , and the rest of the abounding humours to be voided out by stool . After these Evacuations , give the sick the following Medicine twice a day in a little thin broth , or Water-gruel . Take Salt of Amber , volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Tartar vitriolated , of each six grains ; mix it . This excellent volatile Medicine is both abstersive , and Diuretick , and will cleanse the Stomach and Intestines of the remaining Sordes , and expell them by Urine . In the Declination of the Fever , if sleep be wanting ; this following Julep will much avail , both to cause rest , and refresh the spirits . Take the Waters of Carduus benedict . Fennel , of each two ounces ; Treacle-water , Syrup of red Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Salt of Wormwood half a drachm ; Spirit of Salt twenty drops ; mix it , and give the sick three or four spoonfulls every three hours . By the frequent use of this Cordial Julep , ( or one like it ) all pains will be eased , nature quieted and relieved , and the importunate thirst allayed . But if thirst still urgeth , give the dulcified Spirit of Salt , or of Niter , in Posset-drink , and all the Liquids they take , from six , to ten or twelve drops at a time . If you fear there be any Malignancy in the Fever ; give the sick eight or ten grains of Bezoardic . mineral . every fourth hour , in a spoonfull or two of the aforesaid Julep , or good sound Canary-wine , to keep the Patient in a breathing sweat . As for the Cure of Fevers attended with grievous and furious raging , and watchings , &c. I refer you to the Chapter of Phrensies , which is full to this purpose . I shall now give some directions to young Physicians and Nurses , and so conclude this Chapter of Fevers in general . 1. First , give no Opiats in the beginning of a Fever , because they tye up the Archaeus of the Stomach , and first passages , thereby hindring it from expelling , the occasional cause of the Disease . 2. Give the sick neither Mithridate , nor Diascordium ( as is the common custome ) nor apply it to the Wrists , nor Stomach , ( nor any thing else that is nauseous ) whilst Nature and the Disease are strugling ; but if the Patient tends to coldness , you may moisten a piece of Rose-cake , or a tost of stale Bread in Sylvius's Spirit , or for want thereof in Brandy dulcified , and apply it to the Stomach twice a day , which will revive nature , and fortifie it against the invading Enemy . 3. Give no meat whilst the disease is on them , for the Stomach is not fit to receive it , neither hath it strength to digest it ; and therefore it will become a recruit or supply to the Disease , except it be speedily vomited up again . 4. If it be a Child , give it not any Milk , and if it Suck , wean it ; for Milk is the first matter , and foundation of this disease in them ; neither give it Beer , nor water , nor any cooling things to correct the heat , because it will weaken nature , and strengthen the Disease . But hot Posset-drink turn'd with White-wine , or sound Beer with a little Vinegar , may be drank liberally , after the Cause is removed . 5. If the sick be Adult , you may give two parts of Water , and one of good Wine , either French Wine or Sherry ; but Malaga , or any other sweet Wine is not so good . 6. When the Patient begins to recover , the plainest broths , and gruels , are the best ; till then a little is too much ; and if you did use Salt and Vinegar , instead of Spice and Sugar , it would agree better with them . CHAP. VII . Of intermitting Fevers . AN intermitting Fever is that which returns after intervalls , sometimes longer , sometimes shorter in divers Fits ; whence according to the divers space of every access or fit ; the same gets also divers Names , for if a new Fit return daily , answering the precedent in proportion , it is called a Quotidian . If it comes every other day , it is called a Tertian . If the fit return after two days intermission , it is called a Quartan , and so forward , although Quintans , Sextans , &c. are seldom observ'd . And here you may note , that intermitting Fevers do but seldom return in the exact intervall of natural days of twenty four hours ; but return quicker or slower , for the most part ; wherefore then they are said to anticipate the expected time for some hours , which is disliked , or to come later , which is commended by some . Although it matters not , whether the fits anticipate , or come later ; if so be that their continuance , and the grievousness of Symptoms ( daily accompanying ) be diminish'd . There is great diversity among Authours concerning the Causes of intermitting Fevers , which I shall not insist on ; but in a few words will set down the true Causes of them . The causes then , are either external , or internal . The external Cause of Agues is a stop of the usual necessary discharge of fermenting humours ; the porous skin ( being shut by external sudden cold ) denies passage to the constant discharge of the sweatty humours , which happens most commonly about Autumn ; and likewise when any comes suddenly out of a hot Climate , into a cold Region ; for the sweatty Vapours being detain'd by the Constipation of the skin , or shutting of the Pores , the same condense , and thence become sour , which chills the external parts , and causeth the shaking , or shivering cold fit , at the first invasion of this disturbing Foreigner ; after which the inflaming Ferment of Choler ( being exasperated ) doth act its part , and ( having gain'd Dominion ) it doth rarefie the Bloud by degrees ; whence the Pulse becomes greater and stronger ) which is increas'd by an irritation of the Acrimony of Choler , and the rarefaction of the Bloud at the Heart ; for the heat and burning in the Heart , and thence in the whole Body , is increas'd by Choler successively over-ruling . The internal Cause of Agues or intermitting Fevers , is an obstruction of one or more of the lateral ducts or branches of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread , by reason of viscous Phlegm ; which being separated from the Bloud by the Glandules of the Pancreas , is there collected by degrees ; whence it is sent ( in too large a quantity ) to the main duct or pipe thereof , which detaineth the Juice of the Pancreas contrary to nature , which ought continually to flow into the small Gut called Duodenum . The Juice of the Pancreas , which is naturally sourish , being compelled to stand still in its passage , quickly grows more acrimonious , or acid ; because the Volatile Spirit ( which is naturally conjoin'd to it , to temper it ) doth gradually fly away ; by which this Juice ( becoming more sharp and acid ) acquires a putrefactive Ferment ; whence at length it makes way through the obstructing Phlegm , and is effused into the Duodenum , where meeting with Choler , it stirs up a vitious effervescency , or preternatural Ferment , from whence comes the Ague fit , with all its Symptoms ; as in the beginning Horrour , Chilness , Cold , Shaking , &c. then presently follows Reachings , Yawning , and Vomiting , &c. At length acrimonious and flatulent Vapours ( raised by the aforesaid vitious Effervescency ) are carried through the Lacteal veins , and Thoracick passage , and so through the Vena cava ascendens , ( in what form soever ) to the right Ventricle of the Heart ; and by its Acrimony , alters and troubles the vital Effervescency , and by over stirring the Heart , causeth a more frequent Pulse ; and many times produceth grievous Symptoms , as great Heat and Thirst , difficulty of breathing , Heart-ach , Raving , Swouning , and all other Symptoms , that happen in all intermitting Fevers . The nature of viscous Phlegm is such , that though it be pierced through by the Juice of the Pancreas too acid and acrimonious , yet it doth presently run together and unite again , and so repairs and renues the obstruction that was in part opened ; and the Juice of the Pancreas being stopped as before , grows sour by standing still as aforesaid , so that it forceth through the Phlegm that stopped its natural passage , and so produceth , a new fit ; sooner or later , as the Phlegm ( obstructing the lateral passage of the Pancreas ) is pierced through by the foremention'd Juice . For if the obstructing Phlegm be not very glutinous , and the Juice of the Pancreas be plentifull and acid , a new fit of an intermitting Fever will return in the space of twenty four hours , and therefore 't is called a Quotidian But if the Phlegm be very viscous and plentifull , and the Juice of the Pancreas be little in quantity , and also tart and obtuse ; so much the slower will the new fit of the intermitting Fever be produced ; so that it is sometimes three , sometimes four days , before the returning of the fit ; from whence it is called a Quartan , or Quintan , &c. So likewise as oft as the obstructing Phlegm , and the Juice of the Pancreas are in a medium , viz. The Phlegm more glutinous and plentifull , than in the Quotidian , but not so much as the Quartan ; as likewise the Juice of the Pancreas is more in quantity , and more acid than in the Qutartan , but not so plentifull and acid , as in a Quotidian ) so oft new fits of intermitting Fevers will return almost every other day , from whence they may be called Tertians , which much differ in their Symptoms beyond what other intermitting Fevers do , although none of them return in the exact intervall of the Days or Hours before mention'd , but return quicker or slower for the most part . The Cure of all intermitting Fevers will be perform'd . 1. First , if the glutinous coagulated Phlegm , ( which is the cause of the obstruction ) be cut and dissolv'd , and wholly carried out of the Body . 2. If the increas'd Acidity , and Acrimony of the Juice of the Pancreas , be temper'd and corrected . 3. If its vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. In the small Gut , behindred and amended . Phlegm obstructing will be cut most commodiously with Aromaticks , and any Volatile Salt. This Volatile Aromatick Julep may serve for Example . Take the Waters of Carduus , Parsley , Fennel , Fumitery , Succory , Treacle , Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Carduus , the five opening Roots , of each an ounce and half ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Tartar vitriolated , of each one drachm ; Salt of Amber , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops ; mix it . Take a spoonfull of this Volatile Medicine , often in a day throughout the whole Cure , using some exercise , that thereby the whole Body may grow warm , and the force of the medicine being disperst over all the Body , may come at last to the lateral passages of the Pancreas , and dissolve the obstruction . Three or four hours before the coming of the fit , you may give three or four spoonfulls of the aforesaid Cordial , which will not onely cause a breathing sweat , but will temper and correct the increas'd Acidity and Acrimony of the Juice of the Pancreas , and hinder , and amend its vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. in the small gut , which will conduce much to a Cure. Three hours before the return of the next fit , administer an antimonial Emetick , which is in this case proper before all others ; for by the help thereof , not onely Choler abounding , but also phlegm obstructing , will be expell'd to the small gut , and thence to the Stomach , and at length by the mouth ; and the straining to vomit doth many times procure a stool or two , which is very beneficial . But if the sick be a Female , or vomiting be prejudicial , or not approv'd of ; then such things as cut and purge phlegm downwards , may be administred , for example . Take of pil . faetidae one drachm ; Mercur. dulcis , Powders of Troches Alhandal , Scammony prepar'd , Tartar vitriolated , of each half a Scruple , Salts of Amber and Worm-wood , of each one Scruple ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oil of Amber , of each ten drops , with Syrup of Buckthorn ; make it into a Mass for Pills . Take four or five of these Pills , four hours before the coming of the fit ; which will both cut , and purge the viscous Phlegm out of the Body , and also educe other peccant humours . After purging or vomiting , let the sick often take the following Powder in a glass of generous Wine , or in two or three spoonfulls of the Cordial Diaphoretick before mention'd , to provoke sweat as is there directed . Take Volatile Salt of Harts-horn , Salts of Amber , Worm-wood and Carduus , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Sugar of Pearls the weight of them all , mix them for two doses . You may take a dose of it two or three hours before the access of the fit ; which will wonderfully conduce to dissolve the obstruction , and cause a breathing sweat . Let these evacuations be as often reiterated as occasion requires . If the intermitting Fever hath continu'd long , or the sick hath a Plethorick body , let a vein be opened . By these few forms the young Practitioner may easily invent other effectual Medicines , in some things to be varied as the distemper requires . CHAP. VIII . Of Malignant Fevers . IN the Chapter of Fevers in general I told you , that Synochal , or continual Fevers , were without any fit , to their last and complete ceasing ; and likewise I did distinguish them into putrid , and not putrid . Those that are not putrid , have little or no malignity in them , but the putrid are always accompanied with malignity . A malignant Fever differs from others in this , that it draws its putrefaction immediately from its own matter , putrefaction being joined with it ; from whence the vital strength is suddenly , and unexpectedly dejected ; or far more grievous Symptoms occur , than are wont to be observ'd in such a like disease . Malign Fevers are either more acute , ending in few days ; or longer , continuing more days . And they are either contagious , and epidemical raging among many in the same time , having a common cause , as the Air or Food vitiated , &c. Infecting others , or else they are not contagious . Among contagious Fevers , we may not neglect to speak something of a Calenture , because it is a contagious distemper , assaulting not onely those which use the Sea ; but also many that live near the Sea-shore , in Sea-port Towns , &c. are subject to it . The signs of this disease are a great pain of the Head , sometimes with violent raging fits , and delirium , the rest of the Body being in good temper ; the sick do fancy the Water to be a green Meadow , and will indeavour to get into it . The cause of a Calenture is the intemperature of the Climate , together with ill diet , causing strong obstructions , and an ill habit of body , by which flatuous vapours are encreas'd in the body , and in time ascend to the Head. The cause of the malignity ( in this , and all other putrid fevers ) is a sharp volatile salt in the Air , which is drawn into tbe Lungs by degrees , and weakens the liquor of the glandules ( which is naturally sourish ) and makes it sluggish , and of little force , whence the natural consistency of the bloud is diminish'd , and the separation of the Animal spirits often hindred . The sharp volatile salt aforesaid , may be also swallowed down with food or spittle into the Stomach , or it may enter the pores of the body ; by which not onely the liquor of the glandules , but the bloud also may be infected ; hence depends the variety of symptoms which may be observ'd in these Diseases . In Malign fevers , there oft precedes a light shivering , after which a gentle heat soon follows ; the pulse is frequent and unequal , though little and weak , and sometimes deficient , the sick is often drowsie , and possest with a kind of Lethargy ; and when they sleep , they are often vex'd with turbulent dreams ; they are often grip'd in the Stomach , and troubled with loathing and vomiting , accompanied with the Head-each , raving , giddiness , &c. also there is great thirst , weariness , and unquietness of the whole body ; sometimes there happens cholerick and fetid loosnesses ; and also a haemorrhage at the nose or womb doth often concur . 1. If tumors in the glandules , and spots and little pimples , divers both in colour and greatness , do break forth in many parts of the body , they are signs of great malignity . 2. If the sick get no ease after sweating promoted by Art , there is little hopes of recovery ; also if the extreme parts soon wax hot , and again are presently cold , 't is an ill sign . First to preserve and defend the body from all malignity , and infection in time of contagion . I commend the frequent , and moderate use of sour and tart things mixt with all things potable , for the Patient's drink , or food ; as Barberries , Quinces , Oranges , Pomgranates , Limmons , Wood-sorrel , Verjuice , Vinegar , &c. In the beginning of malign Fevers , and also the Calenture , if a loathing urgeth , part of the acrimonious volatile salt adheres to the tunicles of the Stomach ; wherefore in this Case , first administer an Antimonial Emetick , which is well prepared , mild and fixt , because it hath an admirable sulphur in it , whereby any sharpness is wonderfully temper'd , and the Malign Poison is thereby in part sent out by Vomit and Stool . After the Operation of the Emetick , let a Cordial Sudorifick be presently administred , that the remaining part of the Malign Poison may be driven forward , and expelled most safely , and commodiously out of the Body . The following Cordial may serve for example . Take of Epidemical water , Spirit of Vinegar , of each one ounce ; The Waters of Treacle , and Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; the Waters of Carduus , Scabious , of each two ounces ; Syrups of the Juice of Carduus , Clove-gilliflowers , of each one ounce and half ; Antimonie Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , of each one drachm ; Venice-treacle , two drachms ; mix it . Let the sick take a quarter of this Diaphoretick Julep , and dispose the Body to sweat , and after half an hour , take one or two spoonfulls more , and so go on , till a profitable Sweat follow . In the interim if the sick be thirsty , let them drink a little warm Broth temper'd to a gratefulness , with juice of Oranges , Citrons , or Verjuice , &c. whereby the breaking forth of the sweat will not onely be promoted , but also the hurtfull Acrimony of the peccant Salt will be corrected , and asswaged . After this excellent medicine hath been sufficiently and rightly us'd , so that you perceive the Malign Poison to be carried out of the Body ; yet you must persist in the moderate use of it , as likewise in the use of four things , a little Harsh , mixt with drink , or Broth as beforesaid ; because they much conduce to restore ( by degrees ) the former consistency to the Bloud . In Calentures , Phlebotomy may be safely used . CHAP. IX . Of the Plague or Pestilence . THE Plague or Pestilence is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , solvo , quod vitam solvat . It is called in Latin Pestilentia , & Pestis , ex depascendo , quod veluti incendium depascat . It is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , percutio hinc Angl. the Plague . Pestis significat omne malum ; quod tam inanimis quam animatis mortem & exitium repentino adfert . The Plague is a contagious disease , suddenly afflicting the Heart , and all the vital , animal and natural faculties with many grievous Symptoms . The Cause is chiefly the sins of Mankind , provoking the great God to send this Pestiferous distemper as a judgment on them for their Impiety . The Cause ( next to God's judgment ) is a sharp venemous and contagious volatile Salt in the Air , very much heightned ( inspired with the Air into the Lungs , or is swallowed down with the food or spittle into the Stomach ; it may also get in through the pores into the Body ) by which the acid liquor in all the conglobated glandules is weakned and made sluggish , that it doth not circulate with its wonted force : whence the natural consistency and rarefaction of the Bloud is diminsht , and the separation of the Animal Spirits hindred ; and the vital strength is much opprest , by which the Pulse becomes not onely little , but also languishing ; till at length the Spirits are extinguisht , and Death ( unexpected to many ) carries them speedily ( torrenti similis ) in fiery Chariots , God knows where . All the signs in Malign Fevers are common ( and much heightned ) in the Pest ; besides many other grievous symptoms , as Diarrhaea , Hemorrhage at the Nose , Ears , Eyes , Mouth and Secrets ; sometimes yellowness of the Eyes , Buboes in the Groins , Armpits , and behind the Ears , and in some white Bladders , and Carbuncles , also spots called the Tokens , with raving , &c. 1. The Pest is deceitfull above all other diseases , therefore no certain prognostick can be drawn of it ; for many have died when there hath been great hopes of recovery , and on the contrary , many have escaped with mortal signs . 2. A Bubo is less dangerous than a Carbuncle , and it than the spots , ( vulgarly the Tokens ) which most commonly portend Death wheresoever they are . 3. Buboes incompassed with a blue or livid circle , are most commonly a mortal sign , especially if they suddenly disappear , unless the Malign humour be sent to some other part ; and if with a Bubo behind the Ears , there be pain of the Throat without inflammation 't is mortal . 4. If a Carbuncle rise after a Bubo , and look white , with a litle push or tail at the end of it , 't is dangerous , except the Fever do very much abate ; and if after cauterizing , or cupping , the Carbuncle abate not in twenty four hours , 't is a sign of Death approaching , except matter appear ; and if Carbuncles seize the Stomach , Guts , Bladder , or other Intrails , it portends Death . 5. Deliriums , Drowsiness , Heart-ach , Trembling , Convulsions , great driness of Tongue , are all bad signs ; also a Dysentery is most commonly mortal ; but a Hemorrhage at the Nose , or Menses are not so dangerous . To preserve from this Pestiferous distemper , although transmigration in the fear of God may be lawfull , yet let none think to escape by flying , and so neglect their duties to God , for 't is impossible to run out of his reach , for he filleth Heaven and Earth with his presence ; wherefore let servent prayers be put up to God , whose compassions fail not ; and then make use of an honest Physician . 1. You must endeavour to purifie the infected Air , with great fires , wash the house daily , and after sprinkle it with Vinegar ; and Fume either with Pitch , Frankincense , Mirrh , Amber , Benjamin , Wood , and Berries of Juniper , &c. 2. Avoid all passions , watchings , and immoderate exercise and venery . 3. Eat nothing that is hard of concoction , and use a moderate diet though easie of digestion , and drink good sound Wine , &c. 4. Go not forth with an empty Stomach , but always take some preservative against infection . For example , Take Spirit of Vinegar , Julep of Roses , of each one ounce ; mix it . Vinegar , Verjuice , Oranges , Limmons , Citrons , Pomgranats , Barberries , Quinces , Wood-sorrel , &c. are all very good , used as before directed in Malign Fevers . This Poison must not be sent out by vomiting or purging ; neither is phlebotomy allowed . For it is known by manifold experience , that the cure of the Pest is most happily instituted by Cordial Sudorificks , rightly prepar'd of Antimony , because it hath an admirable Sulphur in it , whereby not onely sharpness is wonderfully temper'd , but the Malign poisonous volatile Salt is thereby most safely driven forward , and expelled by sweating out of the Body ; to which may be added other Cordials , as followeth . Take the Powders of Crabs-eyes , Tartar vitriolated , Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , of each one scruple ; Bezoar-stone of the East , red Coral prepar'd , Salts of Rhue , Scordium , of each half a scruple ; Venice-treacle , two drachms ; Spirit of Salt ten drops ; mix it into an Electuary with confectio de Hyacintho . Let the sick take half a drachm of this Cordial Electuary every three hours , and drink three or four spoonfulls of this Cordial Julep after it . Take of Epidemical-water , the Waters of Carduus , Borage , Scordium compound , of each three ounces ; the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , Syrups of the juice of Carduus , and Limmons , Syrup of Saffron , of each one ounce ; Salt Prunella , and Salt of Wormwood , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; mix it for a Cordial . Let the sick person take the aforesaid medicines , till sweat is plentifully provoked ; then let the sweat be gently wiped off with warm linen cloaths . In the mean while give the sick a little hot Chicken-broth , or other Broth of fresh Meat , temper'd to a gratefulness with some sour thing , as was directed in Malign Fevers , as Barberries , Wood-sorrel , Limmons , &c. You must persist in this course till the danger be over , and some time after , ( though the sick think themselves well ) lest the disease deceive you by a sudden surprize again . There are many Cordial Confections always to be had ready at Apothecaries Shops , as Mithridate , Diascordium , Venice-treacle , London-treacle , Treacle-water , &c. any of which may be used by the Rich or Poor , for they will not onely cause sweating , but also will temper and moderate the hurtfull acrimony of the volatile Salt before mentioned . You may dip a hot Toast in aq . prophylactica , and apply it to the region of the Stomach , and also tye some of it in a rag , and smell to it . If there be great drowsiness , avoid Opiates , and take the Cordial Julep without the Laudanum ; but if there be great Watching , Vomiting , Flux of the Belly , or Hicket , you may give it with the Laudanum prescrib'd , for it will much conduce to ease the sick of all these symptoms . If there be a Bubo , apply a strong Vesiccatory , and when the Blister is well raised , open it , and dress it with Mustard , and Basilicon , of each equal parts ; after cure it according to Art. If there be a Carbuncle , apply Leeches , or Ventoses , with scarification , or the Actual or Potential Cautery , after which often apply Mithridate , 'till the Eschar be separated ; then dress it with Unguent . Basilicon , and Aegyptiacum , or else you may use Butter of Antimony 'till the Ulcer be well cleansed and fitted for the last consolidation which may be performed by any desiccative Medicine . CHAP. X. Of the Small-pox , and Measles . THE Small-pox , and Measles are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Morbilli , quasi parvi morbi , vel parvorum morbi . They are also called Variolae , & Pustulae , ex vario , vel varium facio , quod cutis fit varia . Because the skin is of various forms . These distempers are most commonly attended with a Malign Fever , which oft proves Epidemical , Contagious and Mortal , and therefore may justly be termed Pestilential . The Small-pox is a cutaneous Eruption , or large Pustules , something like to Warts on the Skin , with Inflammation , which in few days comes to suppuration , if the sick recover . The Measles are little Pustules in the Skin , with a deep redness , and may be best perceived by feeling ; they are usually discussed in five or six days without suppuration . There is an other sort of Pustules , or Tubercles , like little Bladders , incident to Men , Women and Children ; which are without Inflammation or redness ; and also without a Fever . Some call them Cristals , others Blisters , but Country people call them Swine-pox , Hen or Chicken-pox , &c. To these also may be referred , those red fiery spots which break out about the fourth or fifth day ( in Malign Fevers ) all over the Body ; and if the sick recover , they vanish about the eighth day , after which the Cuticula cometh away in flakes ; this is commonly called the Scarlet Fever . The signs of the Small-pox approaching , are pains of the Head , shining before the Eyes , with redness and swelling of the Face , and sometimes bleeding at the Nose ; also a grievous pain of the Back , which reacheth to the Neck , with great heat and pricking all over the Body ; there is often loathing of the Stomach , and vomiting , with trembling of the Heart , great terrour in sleep , difficulty of breathing , and sometimes raving and convulsion . The cause of the Small-pox and Measles , is an ill quality or impurity of the Mothers bloud , with which the Child was nourish'd in the Womb , which doth communicate pollution , and defile the mass of Bloud ; and after the Child is born , when there is an ill disposition of the Air proportionable to the disease , there followeth a peculiar effervescency or ebullition of the Bloud and other humours , by which nature is inraged and provoked to cast forth the impurity . The excrementitious matter is either thin or thick ; if it be thin , the Measles follow , if thick , the Small-pox are produced . And if there be a Malignant constitution of the Air , it causeth not onely a purging forth of the corrupt matter of the Bloud , &c. but corrupteth the whole mass of Bloud , and so produceth a dangerous and Epidemical Small-pox . If they come out red , and soon ripen or turn white , being round pointed , and outward in the skin ; if the voice and breathing be free , without any grievous symptoms , there is no danger , but if there be a great Fever ( which is not abated after their eruption ) with great thirst , and difficulty of breathing , also black or bloudy Urine , or Stool , Hemorrhage at the Nose , Mouth , &c. doth signifie a great acrimony , and malignancy of the bloud , that nature is compelled to evacuate it by such preposterous ways ; and are most commonly mortal signs . So likewise if it be long e'er they come out , and they be green , blewish , or black , and sink in again , the sick is in great danger of Death . As for the Cure of these distempers , if they be Malignant , or Epidemical , let the same means be used as is prescrib'd in Malignant Fevers , but if there be little or no sign of Malignancy , you may first administer an Antimonial Emetick , and after its operation , give this or the like Cordial . Take the Waters of Carduus , Dragons , Treacle , Scordium compound , of each two ounces ; Venice-treacle two drachms ; Syrups of the Juice of Limmons , Carduus , Saffron , of each one ounce ; Confection of Hyacinth one drachm ; mix it for a Cordial . Let the sick take two or three spoonfulls of this every half hour till a sweat be promoted ; after sweating , keep the Patient in a warm Room , till the danger be over . Before the Eruption , ( if there be eminent signs of a Plethora , and the sick be adult ) Phlebotomy may be used with good success . Bezoar and Gascoign's Powder , and Diascordium are commonly used in these Diseases . You must endeavour to defend the inward parts with the pectoral decoction , to which you may add a little Saffron . Also a Saffron Stay , in which is put a few Sows ( called Millepedes ) bruised , is excellent to defend the Throat . For the Eyes , this water is good . Take the Waters of Plantain , white Roses , of each three ounces ; of Camphire , Saffron , of each ten grains ; mix it . Or you may use Womens milk , and Saffron . If the Throat and Mouth are inflamed , make a Gargarism with Plantain-water and Syrup of Mulberries . To defend the Nose , put up this with a rag or feather . Take of red Rose-water , Vinegar of red Roses , of each one ounce ; Powder of red Saunders , Camphire , of each one drachm ; mix it . When the Small-pox begins to dry , anoint them often with Oil of sweet Almonds , and Oil of the Yelks of Eggs , which will prevent their pitting . OF DISEASES OF THE BELLY . BOOK III. CHAP. I. Of the Thirsty disease . THIS is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sitio , to be thirsty . In Latin 't is called sitis morbosa . Thirst is the first natural Passion of Mankind , and also of Beasts ; as is manifest by their first sucking milk out of the Breast to asswage it . The causes of thirst augmented , are either external or internal . The external are the Air over heated by the Sun , over salt Food , too much exercise of body , vehement passions of the mind , as much anger , &c. prolong'd watches , the Body either too costive , or too loose , much sweating , Urine voided too plentifully , any notable Evacuation of Bloud , Milk or Seed , &c. The internal Cause is deduced ( for the most part ) from too sharp Choler , carried down into the small Gut ; where it raiseth such an Effervescency with the Juice of the Pancreas flowing thither , that thence are elevated salt Vapours to the Stomach and Gullet , and there produceth a sense of drought . It may also pierce through the lacteal Vessels , and so to the Heart , and infect the Bloud too much with its Saltness , whence the Spittle , and the other Humours also become too salt , by which a great Thirst is stirred up and augmented . The signs are manifest , for the Patient's complaint for want of drink , will inform you . This distemper may be cured by such acid Liquours , and oily Emulsions , which will dilute the Lixivial Salt of Choler , and potently change its Acrimony , and asswage its sharpness , and deduce it to the Bladder . The following Julep may serve for Example . Take Tincture of Red-roses , Barley-water , of each twelve ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces , Syrup of Violets three ounces , Salt Prunella two drachms ; mix it , and give the sick three spoonfulls every two hours . This Emulsion is also of great Virtue , not onely to restrain Thirst , but mildly to procure rest also . Take of French-barly boiled four ounces ; sweet Almonds blanched ; white Poppy-seeds , of each two ounces ; let them be well beaten in a stone Mortar ; then with two Quarts of Barley-water , the Waters of Cinamon and Fennel , of each two ounces ; make an Emulsion ; to which add Julep of Roses four ounces , Syrups of Violets , and the Juice of Limmons , of each two ounces ; mix it . Let the party thirsting , drink a moderate draught of this Emulsion , often in a day , which will be very acceptable . You may also make gratefull Troches , or Pellets of Sugar , and Salt Prunella , to be kept in the Mouth , to deceive the Thirst. If salt serous matter abound in the Body , purge it by Stool or Urine . This gratefull Medicine may serve for both intentions . Take the Roots of Flower-de-luce , Parsley , China , of each two ounces ; Dandelion , Agrimony , of each one handfull ; Senna one ounce ; Rhubarb half an ounce ; Agarick , Turky , Turbith , Jallap , of each three drachms ; Cinamon , Cloves , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine , for the space of twenty four hours , then strain it , and add Syrup of the five opening . Roots four ounces ; of which you may give the sick four ounces every third day in the morning fasting . If there be a salt Catarrh , it may be temper'd with Pills of Styrax , you may administer a Pill every Night going to bed . Let the Patient's diet be Mutton or Veal-broth , without Salt. CHAP. II. Of Hunger vitiated . HUnger may be called the Appetite of Meats , as Thirst is of Drinks . It may be many ways deprav'd , viz. when it is augmented , diminish'd , or abolish'd . Hunger augmented may be deprav'd two ways , either in quantity or quality ; if it be in quantity , there is more Nourishment desired than the Stomach can digest . This distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fames ; quod affatim edatur . It is called by the Latines fames canina , and in English Dog's appetite ; because in this distemper the sick do feed insatiably ; after which some do purge and vomit like Dogs ; and are presently hungry again , and sick if they do not eat . If hunger be deprav'd in quality , then vitious things , which are not Food , ( as Coals , Ashes , Clay , Turfs , Leather , and I know not what ) are desired . This is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and Pica also in Latin ; ab ave Pica , vel quod varia appetant , ut Pica varii est Coloris , vel ex eo quod & Pica terram mandet . If this distemper be in Women with Child , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin also Gravidarum malacia , which is an inordinate longing in them , of which I shall treat more at large in the Chapter of the Hypochondriack suffocation . Hunger diminish'd is caused of too fat and viscous Spittle , swallowed down ( by little and little ) into the Stomach ; and being unfit to promote the fermentation of Food , it passeth into the small guts , and there generates viscous Phlegm like to it self , which doth not onely dull the moderate acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas , but thereby at length all the acidity in the Body becomes less sharp and dull . Choler also being too fat , arising from the small Gut , to the Stomach , doth there corrupt both the remainders of Food and Spittle , and prostrates their gratefull acidity by which means the Appetite becomes dull . These causes being complicated , if they be most grievous ; will at length quite take away and abolish Hunger . The cause of Hunger augmented is sometimes worms in the Stomach , which devour the Chylus ; but most commonly it is caused by the over-sourness of the Juice of the Pancreas abounding in the Body , and chiefly in the small Gut ; whence it sendeth sour Vapours to the Stomach , which do potently urge and increase the sense of hunger . The cause of hunger deprav'd in quality , ( as Pica , &c. in Women ) is the suppression of their monthly Courses , which is more or less corrupted about the Womb , and having not its natural Evacuation , it returneth , and ( in circulation ) is mixed with the whole Mass of Bloud , by which it is all vitiated , and deprav'd ; and so produceth a Cachexy , or ill habit of Body , which in time corrupteth all the other humours ; from whence not onely hunger , but all the functions are deprav'd . Hunger augmented needs no other sign , than the devouring of Food . The signs of Hunger deprav'd in quality are also manifest , as the longing desire for those things which are not food , as Coals , &c. before mention'd . If these distempers continue long , they are difficult of Curation , because the sick will easily fall into a Cachexy , Dropsie , Consumption , Vomiting , Fluxes , &c. Hunger increas'd , may be cur'd by giving those things which destroy , and do temperate and amend the over acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas , and do prevent its increase . There are variety of Medicines ( proper for these intentions ) prescrib'd in the 6th . and 7th . pages of the first Book . If hunger be diminish'd , or abolish'd , it may be cur'd by Medicines that correct and educe the viscous Phlegmatick humours , of which you may be throughly furnish'd in the 3d. and 4th . pages . If hunger be suddenly diminish'd by Choler , either over fat , or abounding in plenty ; it may commodiously be evacuated by an Antimonial Emetick . Many other proper Medicines are set down in the 8th . and 9th . pages . CHAP. III. Of want of Appetite , or loathing of Victuals . WAnt of Appetite is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sine , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appetitus . In Latin 't is called inappetentia , because in this distemper the sick hath no desire after food , but their minds are averse to , yea they loath most kind of meat and drink , which sometimes riseth to that height , that it takes away their strength . This differs from vomiting onely in degrees , it being a desire to vomit up whatsoever troubles the Stomach , but cannot , either by reason of weakness , or toughness of the matter . Loathing is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Navis , quod navigantibus proecipue contingit . All loathing is either natural , or adventitious . The natural ( for the most part ) is common to Women with Child ; wherein 't is thought by some , that the mind of the Child in the Womb is affected , as well in this distemper , as in the disease called Malacia , or longing ; wherein if the Woman have not presently what the longs for , wheresoever she first puts her hand on any part of her body , in that part the Child is mark'd , as we may see often by experience . The adventitious loathing , or that which cometh by accident , is stir'd up in healthy People by prejudice , they esteeming some sorts of food ungratefull , or prejudicial to their Health , and therefore their Stomachs loath them . Sometimes nauseousness , and loathing even to vomiting , immediately follows Intemperance in eating and drinking , which is dangerous . That we may the better judge of the causes of this distemper , let us first consider what is the natural Cause of Hunger , by which we may the easier discover it . I judge the chief Cause of natural hunger to be the remainders of food fermented in the Stomach , and the longer it stays there , it is still more and more fermented by the Spittle ; which is continually swallowed down , and intermix'd with it ; and at length it raiseth a somewhat sour and gratefull Vapour , which pleasingly affects the upper Orifice of the Stomach , and so natural hunger seems to be produc'd . And if food be with-held somewhat longer than ordinary , then this hunger is increas'd even in healthy People ; which I think is promoted and augmented by the Juice of the Pancreas , having a friendly Effervescency with Choler and Phlegm in the small Guts , from whence sour and gratefull Vapours are sent to the Stomach , which increaseth hunger ; and if food be seldom taken , it may proceed to fainting fits . Hence we may gather , that if there be a vitious Effervescency of the aforesaid humours in the small Guts , then vitious Vapours are thence produc'd , which rising up to the Stomach , and other parts adjacent , not onely diminish hunger , but more or less deprave Thirst , as also the senses of tasting and smelling ; hence it is that the sick do loath all sorts of food , as soon as they smell , taste or see it . 1. Want of Appetite or Loathing is a digression from the natural State , and is therefore dangerous ; and is worse in Children than Adults , because they require more Nourishment . 2. In all diseases this is an evil Symptome , and if the sick recover and want Appetite , or loath their Food , there is danger of a relapse . This distemper ( either in healthy People , or those that are sick ) may be cur'd , 1. First by freeing the mind from every prejudice . 2. By correcting or purging out the vitious and peccant humours . If the Humours incline upward , they may be safely carried out by an Antimonial vomit ; and after the operation , at night going to bed , let the sick take this Cordial Opiate . Take the Waters of Damask-roses , Baum and Cinamon , of each one ounce ; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers , red Poppies , of each half an ounce ; Confectio Alkermes half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Oil of Vitriol six drops ; mix it . But if the humours be very viscous , ( and the Stomach be not nauseous ) let them be purged out by stool , with such Medicines as have power to alter , amend and evacuate the vitious humours . For example . Take of the Decoction of Senna Gereonis four ounces ; the best Manna , Syrups of Epithymum , Roses Solutive with Senna , of each half an ounce ; mix it for two Doses , to be taken in the Morning fasting . After purging , the Stomach must be strengthned ; which may be done by this excellent Diet-drink . Take the Roots of China , Sarzeparilla , of each eight ounces ; Guiacum two pound ; Cinamon , Mace , Nutmegs , of each one ounce ; Raisins of the Sun stoned one pound ; Anise-seed , Liquorish , of each one ounce and half ; let them be bruised and infused in two Gallons of Fountain-water very hot , for the space of twenty four hours , then boil it to the consumption of the third part ; strain it , and add Syrups of Cinamon , and of the Juice of Rasberries , of each four ounces ; mix it , and let it be put into Bottles . The sick may drink four ounces of it three times in a day . Also candied Ginger , and Nutmegs preserv'd are good to corroborate the Stomach ; a little of either of them may be eaten before the taking of the Diet-drink . You may anoint the Stomach with Oil of Mace by expression ; after which apply a Plaster Stomachicum magistr . to the Region of the Stomach . CHAP. IV. Of the Hicket , or Hiccough . THE Hicket is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin singultus , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cum , & gula , quod fere gula fiat ; vel a sono gulae . It is called in English a Sobbing or Yexing , being something like the Clocking of Hens with Chickens . This disease was thought by the Ancients to be a deprav'd motion of the Stomach onely , by which it striveth to expell something which is hurtfull ; but experience doth manifest , that it is a convulsive Motion of the Midriff , and not of the Stomach , because in this distemper , expiration is deprav'd ; and this is chiefly perfected by the Muscles of the Belly , both by drawing down the Breast , and compressing all that is contain'd in the Belly , and driving them forward towards the Midriff , and so compelling it upward ( its proper motion together concurring ) by which a greater straitness is made in the Breast , which causeth the Lungs also to be straitned , and consequently the Air contain'd in them to be suddenly expir'd . 'T is true , in this distemper , the Stomach is primarily affected by sharp Vapours , Wind , or humours whencesoever proceeding , which piercing to the membranous Centre of the Midriff , provoke it by pricking , or corroding , to perform that convulsive motion ; in which the Diaphragma is contracted with a great force towards the Region of the Stomach , which suddenly and violently driveth it forward and outward , the convulsive Motion soon ceasing , and again often repeating . The causes of the Hicket are either external , or internal . The external are hurtfull , sharp and poisonous food , or medicines , taken into the Stomach , by which the Midriff is soon affected , and compelled to this violent , and presently interrupted convulsive Motion . The internal cause riseth up out of the small Gut , by the vitious Effervescency of the humours there meeting ; from whence sharp , halituous or windy Vapours are rais'd to the upper Orifice of the Stomach , by which it is soon corroded ; and thence the sharp flatuous Humours , or Vapours , are presently carried through the Vessels of the Diaphragma , and sticking in its substance , do corrode its sensible parts , and compell it to that Convulsive repeating contraction of it self . When the Hicket is the Symptome of any other grievous disease , as an acute Fever , Inflammation , &c. it is dangerous , and sometimes mortal . In most ordinary Hickets , the party is easily restor'd , either by stopping the Breath , or by suddenly surprising them with fear . But as often as sharp poisonous Food or Medicines , or any flatuous humours be in the Stomach ; &c. causing the Hicket ; they must be presently expelled by an Antimonial Emetick , which will not onely empty the peccant humours upward and downward , but will correct and amend the hurtfull humours in the Body . After the Operation of the Emetick , the following Cordial Opiate will conduce to dissipate the molesting Vapours , which remain about the Mouth of the Stomach ; and will stay the Hicket , and mildly procure sleep . Take the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , Syrup of Mint , of each one ounce ; the Waters of Baum and Mint , of each two ounces ; Coufectio Alkermes two drachms ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirits of Harts-horn , Niter dulcified , of each twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick often take two spoonfulls of this Opiate , till they be dispos'd to rest . If this distemper be obstinate , and yields not to the aforesaid Medicine , it shews that over-viscous Humours are conjoin'd to its Cause . Therefore in an obstinate Hicket , it is better that the peccant humours be emptied downwards , with such Medicines as will both cut , and educe them . For which I commend these Pills . Take pil . foetidae , ex duobus , of each fifteen grains ; Oil of Harts-horn four drops ; make it into Pills ; take them in the Morning fasting . Let these or the like Aromatick Pills with gums be taken at least twice a week ; which will not onely educe the hurtfull humours , but discuss Vapours , and Wind. In the interim , let not the frequent use of the aforesaid Cordial Opiate be neglected , for it will wonderfully conduce to the Cure. Sometimes it is good for the Patient to sneez , for it hath often prov'd succesfull . Drinking of warm Milk from the Cow is also much commended , because it will asswage the hurtfull humours which remain about the Stomach , &c. CHAP. V. Of Belching . BElching is called in Latin ructatio & ructuatio esculenta , quae fit ab homine saturo , because it comes most commonly after a full Stomach . Any thing which breaks up from the Stomach in the kind of a rift , or windy Vapour , and is expell'd by the Mouth with noise , may properly be called belching . The cause of this distemper , is either outward , or inward . The outward is from windy food , or other flatuous things taken , as Beans , Pease , Radishes , &c. The internal cause is either from a phlegmatick viscous humour adhering to the Stomach , where it is rarefied into wind by Aromaticks taken ; or from the same viscous humour in the small Guts , turned into wind by Choler over fat , and volatile ; and thence it is driven forward to the Stomach , whereby the Fermentation of Food is deprav'd into a noisome Crudity ; whence Belches like rotten Eggs , &c. are rais'd , which doth distend and gnaw the Stomach . If the Phlegmatick matter , which cleaveth to the Ventricle , or small Guts , be very tough , the belching is more hardly excluded ; whence often a swelling , and troublesome Distension of the Stomach follows ; & e contra . The Cure may be safely and happily perform'd , onely by correcting , and educing the Phlegmatick viscous humours abounding ; for which there are variety of Medicines prescrib'd in the third and fourth Pages in the Cure of the Head-ach . CHAP. VI. Of Vomiting , and of the Cholerick and Iliack Passion . VOmiting is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vomo . It is a deprav'd motion of the Stomach , and a certain sign of health weakned ; for in perfect health nothing is wont to be expell'd out of the Stomach by the Mouth . In vomiting , sometimes food , ( either crude , or more or less fermented ) is cast out by the Gullet and Mouth ; sometimes Bloud , sometimes Choler , and other times manifold humours and matter of divers Colours , Taste and Consistency ; and sometimes the Excrements returning to the Stomach ( as in Iliaca passio ) is expell'd by that preposterous way of vomiting , wherein , omnia naturae praepostera legibus ibant . All the differences occurring in several sick People , are very difficult to be numbred , or reduc'd into a certain order ; and much more to make an exact Examination of all the Symptoms , and thence to give a solid Judgment of every one . In this distemper the Stomach is either primarily , or secondarily affected . The Stomach is primarily affected to vomit , when the cause is in it self . As by taking a Vomit , or when there is an Inflammation , or Exulceration of it ; for then it is easily stir'd up ( by food , or any other thing swallowed ) to a violent and preternatural Contraction , and turning of its motion , whereby it is compell'd to cast out whatsoever is contain'd in it . The Stomach is secondarily affected , when it is drawn by consent of other parts first distemper'd ; as by the contracting motion of the Guts , either in part or wholly , in that most grievous disease called Ileos , or Iliaca passio ; or by the vehement shaking of the Midriff , together with a potent Contraction of the Muscles of the Belly , caused sometimes in a grievous Cough : By which all the Bowels contain'd in the Belly are compressed upward , toward the Breast , and urge the Stomach to change its natural motion . As often as Cholerick humours are plentifully voided out , as well upward , as downward with great force , accompanied with troublesome Anxieties of the Midriff ; it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bilis . And in Latin cholerica passio . When there is a forcible pouring out of Bloud by vomiting , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin vomitio sanguinis . The Cause of Ileos , or Iliaca passio , is an excrementitious viscous matter that doth adhere unto the Gut called Ileo ; which in time is coagulated into a very hard substance , almost in the form of Bullets ; ( of which I have had large experience ) whence all passage through for the excrements by siege is stopt , and anon their regress and ascent to the Stomach follows , with a miserable vomiting of them . The Rupture of the Peritonaeum may be also the cause of this grievous disease , especially if it be so great , that not onely the small Guts , but the great ones also fall through the lacerated hole , either by reason of their weight , or else by the perpetual approaching of what is contain'd in them , which renders them uncapable to be reduc'd , or put back through the same hole ; whence the excrements , ( having not passage downwards ) are more and more hardned to that degree , that they can hardly be dissolv'd , so that a hard and unsupperable Tumour doth soon follow , which hinders the reflux of bloud , and causeth an inflammation , and consequently a gangrene of the Guts , attended with a violent vomiting of the excrements , 'till death do put a period to the Patient's misery . These evils are often encreas'd by fomentations too hot apply'd , as also by a preposterous and strong rubbing of the swell'd part , and violence us'd to repell the Guts . The immediate causes of the cholerick passion , are sharp , putrid , cholerick humours collected in the Stomach and Bowels , because of external errours commited in diet , or by the taking of poison uncorrected , which doth immediately disturb and corrupt all the humours . The cause of vomiting bloud , is to be deduced ( most commonly ) from the Pancreas , by reason of some vessel open'd by its over sharp juice , caused by a vitious effervescency with Choler , from whence most of it is driven up to the Stomach to be vomited out ; whilst some of it may descend downward to be voided by stool . This distemper may also be caused by bloud flowing out of the vessels of the Stomach or Guts , either broken by vehement Coughing , or corroded by sharp humours . 1. If vomiting be from repletion , or be critical , 't is a good benefit of nature , and therefore must not be stopped : but if it be symptomatical , 't is an ill sign , especially if it be caused by inflammation of the Stomach , or adjacent parts , or by poison taken . 2. If the cause of Ileos , be from excrements indurated in the Gut Ileon , it may be cur'd , if taken in time ; but if it be from a Rupture of the Peritonaeum , 't is dangerous , and for the most part mortal , especially if there be inflammation and Tumour of the Guts , &c. 3. If the sick vomit bloud , 't is dangerous : neither is the cholerick passion without danger . The Cure of this manifold vomiting , may be performed diversly , according to the variety of each cause . If vomiting be rais'd too much by an Emetick , or any other nauseous thing taken , it may be represt by this aromatick Opiate , or one like it . Take of Mint-water , four ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , half an ounce ; Syrups of Mint , Erratick Poppies , of each six drachms : Laudanum opiatum six grains ; Spirit of Nitre twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take a spoonfull of this every quarter of an hour , till the vomiting ceaseth . If a Catarrh be the cause of vomiting look for the cure in its proper Chapter . If the cholerick passion be caused by poison , or plentifulness of cholerick humours in the Stomach , &c. then nothing hinders but that a gentle Antimonial Emetick may be given , to which may be added those things which will temper the too great effervescency of the aforesaid humours . For example . Take of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum , Mint-water , of each six drachms ; Cinamon-water , two drachms ; Syrup of Erratick Poppies , half an ounce ; Laudanum opiatum , two grains ; mix it . After the evacuation of the peccant humours upward , and downward , an Opiate may be profitably used ; because it will not onely temper the Acrimony of Choler , but asswage the acid juice , and stupefie the outward sense , and procure rest , which will be very gratefull to the sick . Take the waters of Fennel , Plantain , Mint , Purslain , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Myrtles , Purslain , white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Confect . de Hyacintho , Diascordium , Venice-treacle , of each two drachms ; Laudanum opiat . eight grains ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take two Spoonfulls of it often , which will conduce to amend the faultiness of any humours , whether acrimonious , salt or sour ; for in the disease of Cholera , it will powerfully asswage the too much effervescency that is raised in the small Gut , staying the fierce motion of the troubled humours . A bloudy vomiting requireth speedy help , whence soever the bloud cometh . The following Astringent medicine will wonderfully conduce to the cure . Take the waters of Plantain , Comfrey , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vinegar , of each an ounce and half ; Syrups of Mirtles , Quinces , of each one ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud half a drachm ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; mix it . The sick may take two or three Spoonfulls of this Astringent Julep every hour , with good success , for it will cure the most ruptions of Vessels , and stop the flux of bloud beyond expectation . After Vomiting is supprest , if the Patient be troubled with belching of wind , &c. in this case , the following exemplary mixture may bear the praise ; for it doth not onely conduce to curb and discuss wind , remaining as well in the Stomach , as Guts ; but it doth temper and correct both Phlegm and Choler , and hinder wind in its rise , and will dissipate it , when it is bred . Take the waters of Mint , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the Carminative water of Sylvius , Syrup of Mint , of each two ounces ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; mix it . Let this be taken by Spoonfulls , often or more slowly , as pains or stretchings do more or less urge . If bloud be thought or feared to be clotter'd in the cavity of the Guts ; to dissolve it , you may add to the above mentioned Carminative Julep , pul . ocul . Cancror . Antimon . Diaphoret . Sperma Coeti , of each one drachm . The voiding of matter by vomiting and stool , is not to be staid , but mildly promoted , seeing it is wholly unnatural , and hurtfull to the Body : but its new rise is to be hindred as much as may be , seeing it is bred of bloud , which is the fuel of our vital fire , and the sustenance of all parts of the Body . Among all the medicines that move or promote the voiding of matter , and hinder the continual breeding of it , out of corrupt bloud ; I prefer and commend Antimonials , rightly prepar'd ; as well Emeticks , as other preparations of it , as Antimonium Diaphoretic . and above all , a Balsam made artificially of its flowers , which will powerfully conduce to alter and correct the harms befalling the Body by matter , and hinder the new producing of it . Also Balsam of Sulphur with Oil of Anise-seed is excellent to cleanse and consolidate any inward Ulcer ; if two or three drops of it be taken often in a day in any pleasant healing vehicle . In all preternatural vomitings keep the Belly open , so that the sick may have ( at least ) every day a stool , either by Nature or Art ; and let the peccant humours remaining be emptied out by siege , with these or the like Pills . Take Extract . Rudii half a drachm ; Resin of Jallop , Salt of Wormwood , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Oil of Cinamon three drops ; mix it for two doses , to be taken in the morning . The cure of Ileos , or Iliaca passio , may ( for the most part ) be performed by the aforesaid medicines . But for the sake of young Practitioners , I shall add some few directions for the cure of this lamentable contracted motion . Wherefore to appease the troublesome irritation of the Guts , let fat Broths be often taken in at the Mouth , and also injected into the Fundament as a Clyster ; but if an emollient Clyster can conveniently be made , let the following be prepared and often used , the Decoction of which may be also taken at the Mouth , with a few drops of Oil of Anise-seed . Take the Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces ; of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Mullein , of each two handfulls ; the Seeds of Anise , Sweet-fennel , Coriander , Flax , Faenugreek , of each two ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a quart of Spring-water till half be consumed , then strain it , and add oil of white Lillies , the Fat of a Hen , of each one ounce ; mix it for a Clyster . Of which ingredients you may also make Fomentations and Cataplasms to be applied to the region of the Navel , moderately hot , adding Swines or Goats dung to the Pultess . The following Emulsion will conduce not onely to allay the irritation , and temper the sharp humours , but will make the passages slippery , and ( by degrees ) moisten the hard Excrements contained in the small Gut , and in the mean time , will mildly procure rest , and stop vomiting . Take of sweet Almonds blanched , white Poppy-seeds , of each two ounces ; French-barley boiled four ounces ; the waters of Fennel , Plantain , Roses , of each half a pint ; Barley-water a pint , let it be made an Emulsion ; to which add Syrup of Violets three ounces ; confectio Alkermes de Hyacintho , of each two drachms ; Laudanum twenty grains ; Spirit of Niter forty drops ; mix it . Let the sick take three Spoonfulls of it often . In this grievous Disease , nothing is to be neglected , either outward , or inward , that may procure ease to the Patient . The intrails of Animals , as sheep , &c. applied very warm in hot cloaths , and often repeated , are very effectual . Also Ventoses applied to the Navel have prov'd succesfull ; after which let a little Civet wrapt in Cotten be put to the Navel , and upon it apply a Plaster e Cymino , or Sylvius's Carminative Plaster ; or else let the aforemention'd Pultess be applied warm . Golden bullets swallowed are excellent , but for want of them , leaden bullets may serve . Some give great Pills of Antimony ; and crude Mercury or Quick-silver well depurated is also highly commended , to be given to three pound at a time , and walk or ride after it , to agitate the Body ; but before you give either of them let the sick take an ounce of oil of sweet Almonds or Sallet oil , and likewise after it : and be sure that no acid thing be given after the Quick-silver till it be evacuated , lest it coagulate the Mercury , and hurry the Patient to the grave . CHAP. VII . Of pain in the Stomach , and of various pains of the Guts , as Cholick , &c. THE pains of the Stomach may be distinguish'd or divided into two sorts , viz. of the upper and lower orifice . If the upper orifice of the Stomach , ( which is of exquisite sense , by reason of the intertexture of Nerves with which it is wonderfully furnish'd from the vaga sexta , whereof branches are also communicated to the Heart ) be affected , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Cor. It is also called in Latin Cardiacus dolor , cui os Ventriculi dolet , & per consensum cordis , ergo vocatur affectio Cordis , seu oris ventriculi . For the Mouth , or upper orifice of the Stomach being primarily affected , the Heart suffers by consent . If the lower orifice , called Pilorus , be affected , it is called dolor seu colica ventriculi ; especially if it come of wind . The pains of the Guts may also be distinguish'd , because one while the small guts , and other whiles the thick guts are griev'd . As often as the upper part of the small gut , ( nearest the Stomach , ) is pain'd , because that part of the gut is over the right Region of the Lions , it maketh the Patient ( and sometimes the Physician ) think that the pain is in them . But if that part of the small gut which riseth up from the Loins and Mesenterie , ( Towards the left Hypochondrium ) be afflicted with rendings and distensions , with a notable hardness , this is attributed to the Spleen , even by some Physicians , although without any solid reason ; when indeed this distending pain is altogether Hypochondriacal . If the pain be in the Gut Ileon , it is thence called Iliaca Passio , which hath been already treated of . Whatsoever pain is rais'd in the Gut Colon , may be called Colica Passio . These may be distinguish'd from one another , chiefly from the situation of either Gut. For the Gut Ileon is for the most part contorted hither and thither , up and down about the region of the Navel , and from thence a little upward ; but the Colon from the Navel downward , the pain of the Cholick generally pressing to the bottom of the Belly , as well as to each side , and the Back , &c. according as the Gut is writhed which is almost in the manner of a Roman S. being roll'd to the Navel , and from thence with a remarkable winding through the middle of the Belly , it is writh'd to the left kidney , and groin , and so down to the Os sacrum , and bladder , and ends in the right Gut , whence the pain rising in the circuit and circumference of the Belly below the Navel may truly be called Cholical . Sometimes there is a hot distending pain with pulsation and inflammation in the latter part of the thick Guts called Rectum ; and this is either with a troublesome rending , as in the internal or blind Hemorrhoids ; or else it is a corroding pain , accompani'd with more or less itching , perpetually provoking to siege as in the Tenesmus , which oft times follow a Dysentery or bloudy flux . In these various pains of the Guts , there is one while a hot burning with pulsation , and other whiles a cold chilness seemeth to be fixt ; pricking , and ( as it were ) boring the bowels ; sometimes there is a distension of the bowels , pressing them with a sense of weight , wonderfully writhing and contorting them with such a tearing corroding pain , that the sick cannot give an explanation of the grief , and misery which they endure . The causes are either external , or internal . The external are wounds or contusions , caused by external violence . The internal causes are divers ; sometimes Worms may be the cause . But a burning pain is produced either by an obstruction of the Capillary veins of the Stomach or Guts , by which the bloud is forc'd to stand still in the vessels till at length ( after a great distension ) the vessels burst , and the bloud is effus'd , which breedeth an inflammation , and a manifest pulsation about the part affected , by which it may be distinguish'd from any other Kind . But for the most part , a burning and corroding pain riseth from Choler too fat , powerfully and vitiously raising an effervescency with the juice of the Pancreas too acid ; as experience teacheth in outward things ; for if you pour Spirit of Vitriol to oil of Turpentine , it will presently raise an effervescency join'd with a notable heat and burning . This burning pain is chiefly felt in the region of the Loins , because there is the conflux of Choler , and the juice of the Pancreas ; and from thence ariseth vitious sharp vapours , which produce griping pains of the Stomach , and pricking pains in the Guts , as also other wandring pains therein . If the pain be chill and cold , it is caus'd from the juice of the Pancreas very acid and sharp ; which raiseth a vitious effervescency with Choler ( not oily ) and phlegm together , as we may observe , if we mix Spirit of Vitriol with any volatile Salt not oily , how it will raise an effervescency , coupled with a notable Chilness , and Coldness onely sensible ; hence we may conclude , that the operation of the acid Spirit in producing cold , is much promoted by phlegm . The cause of the Colick is over viscous phlegm , mixed with Choler , peccant both in its Saltish acrimony , and volatile oiliness ; by which the viscous phlegm is rarifi'd into Wind ; and if the excrements are contain'd beyond their course , they harden , and adhere to the Gut , whereby the natural ferment is vitiated , and the windy blasts are more and more rarifi'd , and being shut up and remaining in the Cavity of the Gut Colon , it causeth a violent distension and contraction of it . But if the aforesaid humours be mixt with the juice of the Pancreas over sharp , acid and harsh ; then there is a wonderfull sense of contortion in the part affected , urging and writhing from place to place , according to the winding or rolling of the Gut. If this wind pierceth through the Guts , into the Cavity of the Belly , it expandeth the Peritonoeum , and so inflateth the whole Abdomen , and causeth a Tympany . These Distempers are all dangerous , and sometimes mortal , especially if a violent Fever be complicated with them . We must vary the cure according to the diversity of the causes . A burning corroding pain may be cur'd , by tempering too fat Choler with Acids , as Spirit of Niter , &c. being mixt with Opiates . For example . Take the Waters of Fennel , Fumitory , Sorrel , Succory , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , distill'd Vinegar , Syrups of Violets and white Poppies , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it . Let the sick often take a Spoonfull of this Julep , till the heat and pain be diminished , and sleep be procured . The following Emulsion is also profitable , and therefore may sometimes be given for a change . Take the four greater cold Seeds , white Poppy-seeds , of each one ounce ; French Barley boiled four ounces ; with two quarts of Barley water ; let it be made an Emulsion ; and add to it Syrups of Violets , and white Poppies , of each two ounces ; Salt prunella half an ounce , Spirit of Niter thirty drops ; mix it , and give four Spoonfulls every two or three hours . If Choler be two plentifull , let it be educ'd with this or the like mild Cholagogue . Take Damask-rose water two ounces ; Manna , Diaphaenicon , Electuary of the juice of Roses , of each two drachms ; Tartar Vitriolated ten grains ; mix it , and take it in the morning . The Cholagogue Electuary of Sylvius is also excellent , of which you shall have the receipt at the latter end of the Book . Chilness and cold pains may be cur'd by tempering the over sharp acidity of the juice of the Pancreas . Lixivial Salts both fixt and volatile are excellent in this Case , as also any Aromatick Spirit of wine , Treacle water , &c. with which may be mix'd Coral , Pearl , Crabs-eyes , Antimon . Diaphoret . &c. and let the body be compos'd to sweat . The following forms may serve for example . Take the waters of Treacle , Fennel , Syrup of the juice of Carduus , of each half an ounce ; powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Salt of Wormwood , of each ten grains ; mix it , and give it the sick to cause sweat . You may also give some of this Cordial Julep , to uphold the Spirits when they sweat . Take of Tincture of Cinamon , the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , of each half an ounce ; the waters of Mint , Baum , of each two ounces ; Syrups of the juice of Oranges , Clove-gilliflowers of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; Oil of Cloves six drops ; mix it , and give two or three spoonfulls of it often . Let Sylvius's Carminative Plaster be spread on Leather , and applied to the region of the Stomach and Navel . As for the cure of the Cholick , let an Emollient Clyster ( which discusseth wind ) be given often , at least twice in a day . Take the roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce ; Pellitory of the Wall , Mallows , Marsh-mallows , the Flowers of Melilot ; Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; the Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , Dill , the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each one ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Whey till half of it be consumed ; then strain it , and add Electuary Diaprunum , Cariocostinum , Benedicta laxativa , of each half an ounce ; Oils of Dill , Chamomel , Roses , of each six drachms ; Oil of Harts-horn ten drops ; mix it for two Clysters . The smoak of Tobacco may be blown into the Clyster-bladder , and given with it , with good success . Besides , a Clyster may be made of Canary wine , or warm Cows Milk , and a little Honey , or Malossus , and given sometimes to soften the hard excrements , and to dissolve those that are too viscous , whereby they may be the easier evacuated , and also Wind invited to an easie outlet . To drink the Decoction before prescrib'd , will much conduce to ease the sick ; also of the same ingredients , you may make fomentations and Cataplasms , But if the Patient do not care for the trouble of such medicines ; you may anoint the Belly with this ointment . Take Ointments of Marsh-mallows , Martiatum , Oils of Capers , white Lillies , of each one ounce ; Oil of Bricks half an ounce ; mix it . After which apply a large Plaster of Sylvius's Carminative Empl. to the Belly . The following Julep taken often by spoonfulls will much conduce to ease the pain , and discuss the wind . Take the Waters of Mint , Scurvigrass , Fennel , Lovage , Penny-royal , of each one ounce ; the carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Tinctures of Cinamon and Castor , of each half an ounce ; Syrups of Mint , Fennel and Mirtles , of each six drachms ; Oil of Mace distill'd ten drops ; Spirits of Harts-horn and Niter , of each twenty drops ; Laudanum opiatum ten grains ; mix it for a Julep . The Oil of Harts-horn is a very Potent , though ungratefull remedy in this disease . Also the Balsam of Sulphur made with Oil of Anise-seed , Amber , or Juniper is excellent in vanquishing this rebellious distemper . After the violence of pain is abated , you may purge the Body with this following Decoction . Take of Guiacum four ounces ; Roots of China , Sassafras , Lovage , of each one ounce ; Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water till half be consumed , strain it , and add of the best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each four ounces ; Cinamon-water two ounces ; Spirit of Niter two drachms ; mix it , and take two ounces of it every Morning and Evening . The following Pills with Gums will be also very usefull , and potent to educe the viscous Phlegm , &c. Take Galbanum prepar'd with Vinegar of Squills two drachms ; Resins of Jallop and Scammony , Powders of Castor , Mastick , Mirrh , Vitriol of Mars calcin'd to whiteness , of each half a drachm ; Saffron ten grains ; Powder of Troches , Alhandal two Scruples ; Oils of Harts-horn , Cloves , of each ten drops ; beat them all into a Mass for Pills . Let the sick take three or four of these Pills in the morning fasting , which will kindly expell the vitious humours . After which let them take some of the aforesaid Julep to procure rest and ease . Oily volatile Salts , and Spirit of Niter are excellent , not onely to correct Choler , and other peccant humours , but do potently discuss wind . CHAP. VIII . Of the Worms . WOrms may be generated in all parts of the Body ; those which are bred in Ulcers , may more fitly be called Maggots , in Latin termetes ; but I shall onely treat of those which are bred in the internal parts of the Body . Every man living in all places , and climes , doth more or less suffer by the frequent generation of these little intestine Enemies ; especially the weaker state of Man , as Infants and the female Sex ; whose ferment , or digestive heat being not sufficiently master of their great moisture ; part of it is turned into putrefaction , which corrupteth the humours . Wherefore it is no wonder that active Nature ( being never at rest ) by the quickning animating heat , which causeth Concoction , doth frequently generate Worms either in the Stomach or Guts , according to the various occurrences of matter , and seminal dispositions . There are three or four kinds of these inbred disturbers , which we may take notice of . The first are called in Latin Teretes , a terendo , quod quasi terendo rotundum sit , vel ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. terebrando . They are long and round like Earth-worms but whiter ; they are more common than the rest , and are bred in the Guts , but do sometimes get up into the Stomach . The second are called lumbrici Lati & longi , because they are broad and long . They are also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tendo . i. e. fascia extensa . Because they are something like a womans Head-band . This worm is full of joints , and is a native of the Jejunum , which is a fit place to nourish these Milk-suckers , or craving Vermine ; there being the most supply of milky Juice , by reason of the numerous lacteal Vessels . Some of these worms have been of an incredible length . Pliny lib 11. nat . hist. cap. 33. affirmeth that some have been thirty foot in length . If you peruse Schenckiu's his observations , lib. 3. pag. 411. you may reade variety of such Histories . The third are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , salio . In Latin they are called Vermes exigui intestinorum , quod ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , è sordibus nascantur . They are little and slender ; some call them Arse-worms , because they commonly lye in the Intestinum rectum , near the Sphincter Muscle . There is another kind of worms ( though seldom seen ) in the Colon , like the Botts in Horses ; they may be called in Latin Vermina , ex vertendo , quod rependo torqueant sese , & vertant cum quodam minuto motu . Ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 serpo . The material cause of all worms is ( most commonly ) the inconcocted part of the Chylus which is produc'd of such nourishment as easily putrifieth in the Stomach ; as green fruit , &c. which gives sufficient matter to these intruding Vermine . This part of the Chylus being crude , and unfit for sanguification , is left ( undrawn by the lacteal Veins ) in the intestines , where it is mixed with pituitous humours , and elaborated by the temperate heat of the guts , which is the efficient cause of such like generations . The form which lay hid in this matter before , is afterward generated by the temperate heat of the Bowels , and according to the diversity of the latent forms , sundry sorts of worms are bred . In the aforemention'd title of Schenckius , you may reade of the stupendious Figures of Worms , set down by learned and famous Men in their Monuments . The signs of worms are many . If they be round , there is a pinching or gnawing pain in the Belly , especially being hungry ; also a stinking Breath , a frequent dry Cough , Loathing , and sometimes Vomiting and Looseness , with distention of the Belly , and a symptomatical Fever ; the sleep is often disturb'd with horrible Dreams , and starting and gnashing of the Teeth ; the Face is pale the Nose itcheth ; wherefore Children that have them , do often rub and pick their Nose . If the long broad worm be in the small guts , the party hath an insatiable Appetite , the Body consumeth , having quick stools after eating , in which there is often a substance like to the Seeds of Cucumbers . If the small worms called Ascarides , be bred in the intestinum rectum , there is a painfull itching in Anus with provocation to stool , in which they often come away . If the short thick worms like Botts be bred in the Colon , there is a wringing troublesome pain , and they often come from the Patient night and day , without any Excrements , or motion to stool . These last mention'd , are of all others the worst , and most difficult to destroy , especially if they continue long , and grow numerous , because they enclose themselves in a Cystis or Bladder for shelter , which they run out and in to , as a Coney into her Burrough , whereby they defend themselves from the power of those things which are given to kill them . The broad long worms are also hard to destroy ; and if the round ones continue long , and are many , they cause Convulsions , and sometime Epilepsie ; and if they come out alive in acute Fevers , it betokeneth great Malignity of the morbifick matter , which they labour to shun . The Ascarides are not dangerous , for they may be easily killed with Clysters . As for the Curation , it is perform'd by two indications ; the first is by killing of them , the second by expelling of them when killed And here the place or residence of the offending Vermine is to be considered , viz. whether it be the Stomach or Bowels ; if the Bowels , whether the most external , as the Rectum , or more internal , as the Colon , Ileon , or Jejunum ; and according to the different seat of such internal offensives of life , we must differently level our remedies , and manner of Cure. If the Stomach be the residence of these notorious offenders ; they may then be killed , and pumped upwards by an Antimonial vomit . But large worms , which are not natives of the Stomach , but ( as is said before ) of the Jejunum , or other next productive guts , may be most properly conveyed downwards by the force of Aloetick and Mercurial Medicaments . And for as much as the passage is tedious for such slow marchers as worms are ; which being but sick it may be with one dose , and loath to be dislodged ; therefore they must be often stimulated to their exit ( at least five or six days together ) by protruding Medicaments , till they be all destroy'd , and evacuated . The following Pill is excellent . Take Extract . Rudii , pil . Ruffi , of each one Scruple ; Mercur. dulcis sixteen grains ; Oil of Juniper three drops ; make them into eight Pills . A young Child may take a small Pill of this every day , and those that are adult , three or four of them , for five or six days , till all the Vermine are kill'd and ejected . And to render the whole Region of the Bowels an uneasie residence to such unwelcome guests , an Aloetick Plaster applied to the Navel is never to be omitted ; and farther to specificate the same , and all other Medicines , either internally exhibited , or externally applied ; I advise you to mix some of the Powder of the ejected worms ( of what kind soever ) with them , which you will find most effectual to destroy the living Vermine . Also all medicaments which partake of mercurial irradiation are destructive to Worms where-e'er they are . Our common Quicksilver , if boiled an hour or two in fair Water , renders the whole ( without communication of taste or scent , and also without any loss of weight ) a certain destroyer of Worms in humane Bodies ; which may be either given at the Mouth , or sweetned with Sugar , and given as a Clyster ; after which give two or three doses of the aforesaid Pills to expell the dead Vermine , and verminous matter . CHAP. IX . Of a Looseness , or flux of the Belly . AS often as the expulsion of what is contain'd in the Guts , happens quicker , oftener , and more plentifully than is natural , it may be called a Looseness ; of which there are divers sorts , which may be distinguisht according to the different things voided . 1. If Food be evacuated crude and undigested , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin also Lienteria , i. e. levitas intestinorum . 2. If the Food be fermented in the Stomach , and the Chyle passeth into the Guts , and the nutriment of the Chyle be not there separated from the Excrement , but is voided whitish like a Pultess , much like the Excrements of those that have the Jaundice , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Coeliaca , i. e. alvinus , vel ventralis dispositio ; of which there is another kind , which for distinction sake may be named the Chyle-like Looseness ; wherein the Food is both fermented , and severed into Chyle and Excrements , and yet are voided confusedly together . 3. If not onely Food , but waterish and cholerick humours are often and plentifully voided , it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo . It may be called in English a Cholerick Looseness . There are divers other kinds of Looseness , which may be called Diarrhoea ; for if thick and viscous Phlegmatick humours are frequently and plentifully voided , it may thence be call'd a Phlegmatick Diarrhoea ; if the humours be serous , it is a serous Diarrhoea ; if fat and oily Excrements are frequently evacuated , it may thence be nam'd an unctuous Diarrhoea , &c. 4. If the dejection be purulent , corrupted , excrementitious matter , together with pure Bloud , it may then be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod hic non tam difficultatem quam detrimentum notat , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 intestinum , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 intus . It may be called in Latin Tormina quod dolore torquentur intestina ; In English 't is vulgarly called the Bloudy-flux . If there be a perpetual endeavour to go to stool , and nothing but a little mucous purulent matter voided with great pain and straining , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tendo . In English it may be called a neediness , there being a continual need and desire to go to stool . This Distemper properly belongeth to a Dysentery , because it doth most commonly follow it , and sometimes with a procidentia Ani. To a Bloudy-flux may also be referred the immoderate flux of the Hemorrhoids , which may be known from a Dysentery , both from the place affected , and the great quantity of the bloudy purging . It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sanguis , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , profluvium . Also the flux of the Liver ( if there be any such Disease ) may be referred hither , in which the excrementitious liquour ejected , is like the washing of bloudy flesh . This Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , qui ex hepate laborant . In Latin 't is called Hepaticus affectus , vel fluxus est serosi et sanguinei humoris per alvum excretio , propter Hepatis imbecilitatem . The causes of all fluxes of the Belly , are either external , or internal . The external , are any of the six non-natural things immoderately used , which weakens the Stomach , also the taking of any venemous thing , as Arsnick , Mercury sublimate , &c. which presently destroys the ferment of the Stomach and Guts . The internal cause of the Lientery , is weakness of the Stomach , that it cannot retain any food received into it , but striveth to expell it . The Jaundice-like flux is caused by the sluggishness of Choler , so that it is not carri'd down to the Guts , to promote the separation of the usefull , from the unusefull parts of the Chyle . The Chyle-like flux is also caused by the same , so that the straining of Chyle through the spongy crust of the Guts into the Lacteal veins is hindred ; the orifices or pores tending to the Lacteal veins , being obstructed by over thick and viscous phlegmatick humours . A Cholerick Diarrhoea is caused by over-salt , sharp and serous Choler ; together with phlegm , and the juice of the Pancreas too watry and fluid . A phlegmatick Diarrhoea is caused by such things as do breed much viscous phlegm . A serous Diarrhoea ariseth most frequently from Spittle , and the juice of the Pancreas too Serous . A fat , oily , or unctuous looseness , doth follow the over much use of too fat food . A Dysentery doth proceed either from the thickness of the bloud , by reason of over viscous phlegm , being mixed with Lympha , or the juice of the Pancreas too acid , accompani'd with sorrow of mind ; whereby the bloud doth become too gross for its wonted circulation through the Capillary Vessels of the Guts ; wherefore it causeth a great distension of them , till at length they burst , and pour out the bloud into the cavity of the Guts . Or else it may be caused from Choler too salt , sharp and plenteous in the bloud , whereby it doth become extravagantly serous , and eager , through extraordinary fermentation , extremely agitating the humours to a Colliquation , especially where fierceness of anger or great heat of mind do concur ; by which the bloud is the more rarifi'd to pierce through the tender restraint of the vessels , and doth flow out by indirect ways , sometimes by great loss , to the endangering of life . A Tenasmus is caused by a phlegmatick viscous humour , joyned with a sharp acid humour , which doth fret the Gut about the siege , stirring up a troublesome Ulcer there . The flux of the Hemorrhoids , and of the Liver , is to be deduc'd from much serous matter mixt with the bloud , and also relaxing the vessels . The Hemorrhoids are either critical , which useth to ease the sick ; or symptomatical , and much weakneth them . The signs of Fluxes are manifest , from what hath been said . 1. If any looseness continue long , with loathing , 't is an ill sign , especially if it be with a Fever . 2. If the small Guts are affected , the pain is sharper than when it is in the thick Guts . 3. In the Dysentery , if the dejections be very bloudy , or black and fetid , with great Thirst , Hicket , &c. for the most part they are mortal signs ; but if the erosion be onely in the internal membrane of the Gut , and there be no great pain , nor other bad symptome , there is great hopes of recovery . If the bloud and humours be too thin and serous , they must be corrected , and evacuated . Chalk , and Harts-horn , ( or any other burnt bone ) reduc'd to powder , and given often in a small quantity , doth imbibe and correct watry moisture , and also over much fatness , which may be the cause of a looseness . After which the peccant humours may be evacuated by stool with Hydragogues , and by sweat and urine , with Sudorificks and Diureticks . Toasted Rhubarb will satisfie to many indications , seeing that it doth not onely evacuate water together with Choler abounding , but will soon correct the over-loose body , by its mild tartness . Wherefore when the Bloud doth abound with much serous liquour , let the sick take this Powder in a little Broth. Take the Powder of Jallop , Cinamon , of each fifteen grains ; Powder of Rhubarb tosted half a drachm ; mix it After the operation of it , you may give the following Cordial by spoonfulls . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water half an ounce ; Syrup of Mirtles one ounce ; Confectio de Hyacintho , Diascordium , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it . It will be also convenient sometimes to educe the humours by urine and sweat ; for which I commend the following Decoction of China , &c. Take the Roots of Burdock , the five opening Roots , Sarzeparilla , Contra yerva , of each one ounce ; China four ounces ; Gromwell-seeds , Juniper-berries , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of fountain water , 'till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrup of the five opening Roots six ounces ; Spirit of Niter one drachm ; mix it . L●t the sick take a quarter of a pint of this warm , twice or thrice a day , and especially in the morning fasting , which will the easier procure a breathing sweat , or else urine more plentifull , by which the serosity of the bloud will be consum'd by little and little , so that the bloud and humours will thereby become more pure . If a Dysentery , or Bloudy-flux arise from a sharp humour corroding the Vessels ; it may be cur'd by correcting , and tempering the sharp acid humours , and consolidating the Vessels fretted . The following Powder is excellent to correct and amend the aforesaid acid humours , and stop all fluxes of bloud . Take the Powders of red Coral , Pearles prepared , white Chalk , Dragons bloud , of each half a drachm ; mix it for six doses , which may be taken in three spoonfulls of the following Julep , every two or three hours . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Cinamon , Syrups of Quinces , Mirtles , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Juniper ten drops ; mix it . If there be an Ulcer in the thick Guts , and Clysters can come to the part affected , let the following be often injected , and instruct the sick to retain them so long as they can . Take new Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched one pint ; Honey of Roses one ounce ; Venice Turpentine half an ounce ; the Yelk of one Egg ; Balsam of Sulphur four drops ; mix it . The following Bolus may be sometimes given in the Morning fasting . Take the Powder of Rhubarb tosted two Scruples ; Nutmeg one scruple ; make it into a Bolus with Conserves of red Roses . And this Bolus may be given at Night going to bed . Take Diascordium , Conserves of red Roses , of each half a drachm ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; mix it . By the frequent use of these choice Medicines , the Ulcer will be cleans'd , the Gripes asswag'd , and the Consolidation of the ulcerated Gut ( both in the Tenasmus and Dysentery , &c. ) will be wonderfully promoted . But if the Ulcer be in the small Guts , the following vulnerary Decoction will more conduce to the Cure. Take the Roots of Comfry , Plantain , Knot-grass , of each two ounces ; the Tops of Saint John's wort , Sanicle , Germander , red Roses , of each one handfull ; Shavings of Harts-horn , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in three quarts of Fountain-water wherein steel hath been quenched , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and add Syrup of dried Roses , Tincture of Cinamon , distill'd Vinegar , Syrup of Marsh-mallows , of each two ounces ; mix it , and give the sick four spoonfulls every two or three hours . If you add two or three drops of Balsam of Sulphur , made with Oil of Anise-seed to every dose of the Decoction , &c. it will be the more effectual both to cleanse and consolidate the Ulcer . The flux of the Hemorrhoids , if it be symptomatical , and weaken the sick , is then to be hindred , which may be effectually done by the afore-mention'd Medicines . If much serous Liquour can so dilute the Bloud , and relax the Vessels , that part of it may be carried out of them into the Guts , and produce a Flux like the washing of Flesh , commonly called a Flux of the Liver ; it may be cur'd by driving forward the serous Liquour out of the Body , by Sudorificks , and Diureticks ; and also by tart strengthning things that repair the hurt of the loosened Vessels . The Diuretick decoction of China , before mention'd , is excellent in this case , to be taken as is there directed . Also the following Diaphoretick may be sometimes used with good success . Take the Waters of Treacle , Cinamon , of each half an ounce ; Plantain-water two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar three drachms ; Confectio de Hyacintho , Diascordium , of each one drachm ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each half a drachm ; Syrups of Mirtles , dried Roses , of each six drachms ; mix it for two doses . Also the Powder and astringent Julep prescrib'd in page 192 , 193. is excellent to corroborate the loosened Vessels , &c. Anoint the Belly with the Oil of Quinces , Mirtles , Roses , Wormwood , &c. mixed with unguent . Comitissae ; which is also good in all Fluxes of the Belly . CHAP. X. Of the dry Belly-ach . THIS cruciating disease may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin Spasmus Abdominis , quod sub umbelico est ad Pubem ; and because of the additional Torments , it may be also named Tormen Abdominis , quod dolore torquetur Abdomen . This disease doth also need as well the Name , as the invocation of Miserere mei Deus ; the sick being in such extreme misery , that 't is incredible to all but them that have endur'd it . The most urgent and exquisite pain under this affect , being in that most tender and sensible part , viz. the Belly , may seem to have some Alliance with the Iliack or Colick passion ; and indeed they are sometimes its Concomitants , but much different from it . The causes of this lamentable Distemper , are either external , or internal . The external general occasional cause is contracting Cold in the Region of the Belly , &c. which doth cramp not onely the Muscles of the Abdomen , but also the tender Fibres of the Intestines , cruciating all the affected parts with obdurate Contractions ; which is more aggravated when the Moon doth come to opposition with the Sun. Which may be also observ'd in all Spasms and convulsive motions , that about the full of the Moon , the tide of such nervous diseases doth rise highest : Especially in those places where the direct aspects of the nocturnal luminary have the most power ; which demonstration will evince to be between the Tropicks , which many of our Mariners , ( who have sailed that way ) can tell by wofull experience . Another external procuring cause of this grievous disease is a mineral Gas ascending from the Caverns of the Earth , infesting the Air with its poisonous Fumes , whereby not onely the tender fibrous , and nervous parts of the Belly are oft times crampt with Convulsive spasms ; but the mineral Fumes being inspired with the Air into the Body , produce most eminent apparent evils , as the Corruption of the Chyle into porraceous and adust Choler , from whence followeth irritating Vomitings , and the Constipation of the Belly , with obdurateness of the excrements , which inflames the Bowels , and entails a Symptomatical fever , with a heavy and slow pulse ; and as the pain doth aggravate more and more , there is want of sleep and rest , with other uneasiness , and commotions of Body and Mind ; as the Operatours in Chymistry have sometimes experience of ( to their cost and trouble ) in mineral preparations ; for if a Vessel chance to break , the sharp and acid Vapours , or Gas of the mineral , immediately seiseth the Animal spirits of all that are in the Elaboratory ; by which they are mov'd unequally ( against the will ) through the Nerves to the Musculous parts , which causeth Convulsive motions , with trembling and shaking of the Limbs , and other accumulated evils . The like grievous Symptoms ( though not so violent ) happen to many People that inhabit near the mineral Mines in Hungaria , and also in some Places of England as Derbyshire , &c. Where there are Lead-works , from whence mineral Fumes continually ascend from the separating Oar , which infesteth the Air , and is a great producer of such Convulsive effects . At the first seisure of this evil , the Muscles of the Abdomen , and sometimes those of the Breast and Back , ( through contractions ) prove hard and painfull , as in our ordinary Cramps ; which Symptoms will evince , that these Vapours are peccant in an acid Acrimony . The internal Cause , is also sour Vapours arising most commonly out of the small Guts ; which the concurring symptoms ( consider'd and weighed with an attentive mind ) will confirm ; for these Vapours being sharp , are driven forward into the Nerves , and gnawing them with great pain , aggravate and produce this Convulsive spasm . 1. If this miserable and afflictive Distemper hath continu'd to a long durance , it causeth such obstructions in the fibrous and nervous Passages of the Muscles , that thereby Lameness and an Atrophy soon succeeds , increasing the Weakness of all the Members of the Body , till at length it ends in a Paralitical resolution of them . 2. If a pregnant Woman , or a Woman after Abortion , be afflicted with this grievous evil ; it is very dangerous , and many times mortal . As for the Cure , we must endeavour to ease the pain , and strengthen the weak parts with all expedition , The pain may be eased , and diminish'd as well by internal , as external Anodynes and Narcoticks ; to allay the violent Motion of the Animal spirits , and abate the grievous Spasms succeeding . The following Cordial Diaphoretick opiate is excellent in this Case . Take the Waters of Fennel , Peony , Treacle , of each one ounce ; Syrups of Stoechas , Peony , Scurvigrass , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , Salt of Amber , volatile Salt of Harts-horn , of each one scruple ; Tincture of Castor two drachms , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oil of Cloves , of each four drops ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . By the frequent taking of this Volatile and Anodyne Sudorifick , the peccant humours will be temper'd and diminisht , and the inordinate , involuntary , and impetuous motion of the Animal spirits will be reduc'd , and brought to tranquillity , by which the binding Constrictions of the Belly-ach will be the easier remov'd . Bathing in this distemper , hath been often us'd with admirable success ; for by the frequent use thereof , the cutaneous and muscular Fibres will not onely be relax'd from contracted Spasms ; but the pores will be also kept open for the constant discharge of transpiring Particles . A natural Bath , such as is in the City of Bathe , is excellent ; but when it is not to be had , an artificial Bath may be very usefull for the ends propos'd . For example . Take of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Vervain , Betony , Chamomel , Bays , Rhue , Time , Hyssop , Ground-pine , Organ , Penny-royal , Sage , sweet Marjoram , of each six handfulls ; Flowers of Stoechas , Chamomel , Melilot , of each four handfulls ; Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Briony , Master-wort , Virginia Snake-root , of each four ounces ; Spicknard , Berries of Juniper and Bays , of each two ounces ; Brimstone six pound ; Salt Niter two pound ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in twenty Gallons of Fountain-water , till a third part be boiled away . Let the sick be well bathed in it , as often as strength will permit ; and let them sit therein , as long as they may well bear the same . Then let them be rub'd dry , and remov'd into a Bed ; and let the affected parts be well anointed with this ( or the like ) fragrant Ointment . Take Oil of Earth-worms , Ointment of Orange-flowers , Jessamy , of each three ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression one ounce ; Oil of Juniper , Bricks , of each two drachms ; mix it . As often as the Body is costive , let a Suppository , or carminative Clyster be administred to make it soluble . Let the weakned parts be fortifi'd with the aforesaid unguent ; upon which apply a Plaster of Sylvius's carminative Emplaster spread on Leather , which you may remove once in twenty four hours , using warm frictions to the pained parts , and apply the Plaster again ; and over it you may apply a Fox-skin drest , which will keep the parts warm , and conduce to the cure , which course may be continu'd 'till strength be restor'd to the grieved Limbs . CHAP. XI . Of the Yellow Iaundice . THE Yellow Jaundice is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab avicula quoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicitur , quod ea oculos flavi vel aurei coloris habet . It is also called Icterus in Latin ; it being a spreading of a yellowish Colour over the whole body . It was the common received opinion of the Ancients , that the chief cause of this Disease , is an obstruction of the Cystick passage to the small Gut , so that Choler is thereby wholly hindred in its natural descent ; wherefore it doth ascend to the Liver , and so to the Bloud , with which it is transfer'd to the habit and superficies of the body , where it doth shew it self in its colours . But it may be manifested from many observations , and experiments , both Anatomical , and Practical ; that the Jaundice may be produc'd without an obstruction of the passage of Choler . Although I suppose that the Jaundice may probably be raised by an obstruction of the Meatus Hepaticus : for if there should be a great stoppage in this Vessel , by any glutinous or lapidescent matter , the Choler that is generated in it may possibly regurgitate ( there being no Valves to hinder it ) and thereby become mixed with the Blood , by which means it may ( in a short time ) be conveyed over the whole Body . But if the Meatus Cisticus should be stopped by a small stone , &c. as I have sometimes seen in dissecting Icterical Patients , where I observed that the Excrements were not dyed so yellow as usual : yet it is impossible that there should be any regurgitation of Choler to the Liver out of the Gall , by reason of the three Valves looking from without inwards , which do potently hinder the recourse of it : and although the Meatus Hepaticus is without Valves , yet seldom in a Jaundice , is either that passage , or the Ductus Communis obstructed , but many times wider , as the most ingenious Salmon hath accurately observed . Wherefore that we may the better judge of the true Cause of this Disease , let us first consider that Man's Body abounds with an Animal salt , which doth circulate with the Blood through the whole Body , so that not onely the internal , but superficial parts are replenished therewith . 2. Secondly , it is the Nature of Volatile and Animal salts to sublime , and upon their mixture with other fit Bodies to excite or stir up new appearances of Colours according to the Nature of the Salt ; for if a solution of Salt of Tartar be mixt with a solution of sublimate in fair Water , it gives in a moment a reddish , yellowish or orange tawny Colour , although both the solutions be as clear as Cristal , and with Armoniack salts in proper liquors , may be made many Colours to appear . From whence we may judge , that if the Animal salt of Man's Body become too volatile , or be too much sublimed : which may be done , either by the biting of an enraged Viper , or by the power of poyson , or from the over heating of the Body by violent exercise , or by exceeding sorrow of mind , or great passion , or by excessive drinking of hot liquors , or from burning Feavers ; whereby the universal Body comes to be inflamed , the Spirits vehemently agitated , and thereby the Volatile saline Principle to be violently moved out of its Place or Domicil , to the Circumference of the Body ; but meeting with the viscous Juice of the Cutis is there hindred from flying away ; and being dissolved and mixt with the Cutaneous Humidity it excites the Jaundice , whether yellow , black or greenish , according to the Colour of the Poyson which the Patient hath casually taken , or predisposition of the Body to so notable a mutation . Hence it is that many ( who have been in perfect health ) have been suddenly invaded with this Disease : some by the biting of an enraged Viper , others by running a race , &c. who immediately after were all over as yellow as if they were dipt into the Juice of Saffron ; and yet notwithstanding it could not be judged that the Gall-juice was either affected or disaffected in the least measure : for it cannot in reason be supposed , that the Venome or Poyson of the Viper should be so particularly directed to the Gall , to work such an effect in so short a time , as to distribute that viscous heavy Juice so universally over the whole Body : much less can any one imagine , that either the drinking of strong liquours , or any violent exercise , &c. should any ways so operate upon the cholerick Humour , as to volatize it , and so immediately disperse it universally over the whole humane Frame ; for it is impossible that the glutinous Substance of Choler should be dispersed in so short a time to all the superficial Parts of the Body . Therefore it is more probable , that the volatile Animal salt of the Body , being moved , and carried out of its Domicil , by the extream heat of the internal Parts , and violent Motion of the Spirits , and being mixt and dissolved with the cutaneous Juice ( as is before mentioned ) doth not onely excite the Jaundice , but may possibly be the Cause of Purple Spots in the Spotted Feaver : as also of many other sudden and great Changes in the Bodies of humane kind . The Jaundice invading a Patient in a Fever ( before the seventh , viz. the Critical day ) is dangerous : if it comes upon an Inflamation of the Liver , or a Schirrus and the Cure be not hastned , a Dropsie , Cachexy , or deadly pining will in a short time succeed . If it be critical upon acute Feavers nature effects the Cure : if it be symptomatical , the Cure depends upon the Cure of the Disease by which it comes . If it be essential from the obstruction of the Meatus Hepaticus , the obstruction must be opened . If sorrow of mind or great passion be the Cause , it ought to be prevented as much as may be , both by Philosophical and Theological reasons about any troublesome matters , and by confirming the mind , whereby the sick may be the better enabled to bear and suffer stoutly any adversity . This ought to be observed also in all other Diseases . If Ebriety be the cause I commend Sobriety to cure it . Sublata causa tollitur effectus . If the humours be over viscous or glutinous , the following Decoction will not onely alter and correct , but mildly educe the peccant humours , by which the Jaundice may in a short time be cured . Take of Rhubarb , the Roots of Madder , Smallage , the greater Celandine , of each one ounce ; the Flowers of Broom one handfull ; Hemp-seed two ounces ; the Seeds of Anise , Parsley and Columbines , of each half an ounce ; Saffron two drachms ; white Tartar three drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in White-wine , and Fountain water , of each three pints , till the third part be boiled away , then strain it , and add the best Manna , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , of each three ounces ; mix it . Let the sick take four spoonfulls of this three times a day , till the viscous phlegm and Choler be sufficiently evacuated , and the natural colour of the body restored . As oft as the Jaundice is caused by the poison of a Viper , or any other venemous thing whatsoever , you must administer ( as soon as possible ) a volatile sudorifick to correct and expell the venome . The following will serve to both indications . Take the waters of Carduus , Fennel , Fumitory , of each two ounces ; Treacle-water , Syrups of the juice of Carduus , red Poppies , of each one ounce ; tincture of Saffron two drachms ; Venice-treacle half a drachm ; Bezoar-mineral , Antimony diaphoretick , Salt of Harts-horn , of each one scruple ; Spirit of Salt-Armoniack six drops ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls to provoke sweat , and after it breaks forth , give a spoonfull or two , now and then , to promote it . Also this Decoction , or one like it may be prescrib'd for the Icterick patient , it being both Sudorifick , and Diuretick . Take the Roots of Scorzonera , Juniper , of each two ounces ; Roots of Master-wort , Sassaphras , of each half an ounce ; Berries of Juniper and Bays , of each one ounce and half ; Seeds of Nettles , Hemp and Columbines of each one ounce ; shavings of Harts-horn three drachms ; the tops of Carduus , Scordium , Scabious , the lesser Centaury , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrup of the juice of Carduus four ounces ; Treacle-water two ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every two or three hours . Soap of any sort , conduceth to the cure of the Jaundice , upon a twofold account , both by reason of its fixt lixivial Salt , and also by reason of its fatness or oil ; for the Lixivial Salt doth correct and diminish the over volatileness and spirituousness of the vitiated Choler , and the oil doth blunt the sharpness of the volatile and spirituous Salt ruling in Choler . The following mixture is very effectual . Take of Hemp-seed two ounces ; Soap two drachms ; bruise the seed , and boil it in half a pint of new Milk , till half of it be consumed ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Saffron half an ounce ; tincture of Saffron two drachms ; Laudanum opiatum four grains ; mix it , and give half of it in the morning fasting , and the remainder at night , going to bed . CHAP. XII . Of a Cachexy . AN ill Habit of Body is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , malus , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , habitus . It may be called in Latin mala corporis habitudo . There are many causes of this Distemper , which may be distinguisht according to the diversity of the conjoin'd Symptoms . It doth accompany all Chronical Diseases , as Dropsies of all kinds , Hypochondriack suffocation , Scurvy , Pox and Gout , &c. for it doth spare none , neither Peer nor Peasant , of any age or sex ; but it most frequently seizeth on Women when their monthly terms are supprest . The cause is either external or internal . The external cause is either bad Diet , a long time receiv'd , or for want of good refreshing Food after sickness , for the Stomach being weak cannot digest course Diet , by which the nutriment of the Body doth by degrees become peccant in quality , vitiating the humours , and Bloud it self , so that an ill nourishment of the Body doth follow . The internal cause may be the suppression of the Terms in Women , which is more or less corrupted about the Womb , having not its natural evacuation , from whence the whole mass of Bloud is indued with a vitious quality , by which the nourishment of all parts of the Body is deprav'd . Also Choler , and the juice of the Pancreas ( which are always confus'd with the Bloud ) being alike vitious or peccant in quality , do not onely corrupt the separation of usefull and unusefull parts , but by the vitious effervescency of these humours manifold flatuous vapours are rais'd , which do not onely increase anxieties about the Midriff , but being carried to the Heart , there follows a pressing pain and palpitation thereof ; and in circulating through the Lungs , it causeth a Dyspnoea , or difficult breathing ; and being thence transferr'd every way throughout the Body , it doth breed a general weariness in all parts . But when the vitious humours abound together in plenty , then several kinds of the Dropsie at length succeed ; if not the universal Body groweth lean by degrees . From what hath been said , the production of every Cachexie may easily be deduced by a judicious Physician . The signs are paleness of the Face , shortness of breath , palpitation of the Heart , and often apressing pain of it , accompanied ( for the most part ) with a lingring Fever , either continual , or intermitting , or compounded of both , in which the Urine is crude or watry ; at length there is a weariness of the universal Body , which in some doth pine and become lean , but in others the Body doth swell , and is turgid . If this Disease be not helpt in time , it will become by degrees so stubborn and rebellious , that it will puzzle the wisest and most experienced Physicians to cure it ; for by the long continuance thereof , phlegm becometh very tough and glutinous , on which all Chronical , or prolong'd Diseases depend ; besides , all the other humours are by degrees vitiated , which incorporate with the Bloud , and diminish its effervescency , so that the separation and excretion of the excrementitious parts ( to be voided together with Urine ) do not follow , from whence many grievous symptoms succeed , which oft proves mortal . The cure of every Cachexie will consist in the correction and amendment of the Bloud any way vitiated . If flegm be tough and glutinous , it must be corrected and evacuated , for which there are variety of choice medicines prescrib'd in the fourth page , of the cure of diseases of the Head ; in the use whereof you must persevere for some time , or else the laudable success , and happy wisht for cure will be expected in vain . Any other humours that are peccant in quality ( by which the bloud is vitiated ) must be alter'd and reduc'd to their natural Constitution by selected Medicines , which will amend and empty them out by degrees . In the interim good Food ( which is easie of digestion , and wholsome nourishment ) must not be neglected , whereby nature may be cherished , and health by degrees procured . Those Medicines which are prescrib'd for the Cure of the Dropsie and Scurvy , are proper for this Disease , wherefore I shall forbear prescriptions here . CHAP. XIII . Of Dropsies . THE Dropsie is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aqua , quod nomen sumpsit ab aquoso humore Cutis . The Ancients have assigned three sorts of Dropsies . 1. The first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 uter , pellis . 'T is called in Latin aqua intercus , ex inter & cutis , because the Water is between the Skin and the Flesh. This is the most proper Dropsie , in which the Abdomen , Secrets , Thighs and Legs are affected . 2. The second is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quod tumor est ad similitudinem tympani , vel tympani sonum referens . As this is the most rare , so 't is the most cruel and afflictive . 3. The third is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 per , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 caro , quod hydrops toto corpore diffusus ; It is also called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 album , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , phlegma vel pit uita ; because it is caused of white Phlegm gathered in all parts of the Body . Some Authours make a difference between Anasarca , and Leucophlegmatia ; that Anasarca is caused by a serous humour , and Leucophlegmatia by a phlegmatick and more viscous humour ; but all Dropsies except Tympanies seem to me , to be little less than a distinction of degrees of one and the same Disease . The Ancients did take the Liver to be the chief part male-affected in these distempers ; but Helmont ( who was happy in a remedy to cure it ) doth severely reprove them , and is so bold to tax the whole Schools with the ignorance of Anatomical dissections ; he having inspected many Carcases of dropsical Persons ( of whom he makes distinct mention ) doth assert the Livers of them all no-way vitiated , and therefore he concludes the Liver faultless in dropsical affects ; and he derives the Cause of Dropsie to be an obstruction of the Kidneys with the Stone or Gravel ; and so the water which should be transferr'd through the Kidneys , to the Bladder , ( to be evacuated by pissing ) is forced into the Cavity of the Abdomen . But experience teacheth that Dropsies may be caused many ways ; wherefore I shall betake my self to a more evident description thereof . The causes of Dropsies are either external , or internal . The external Cause is the Constipation of the porous Skin , impeding transpiration , whereby the discharge of sweaty Vapours through the Habit of the Body is lessned and interrupted ; hence what moisture is usually carried off by sweating , doth rebound inwards , and condense into an Ichorous water , and is there ( by degrees ) aggravated and increased , through the hindrance of the necessary transpiration ; till at length a great quantity of water is accumulated , and stagnating in the affected parts , in time may work farther alterations on the subjected Bowels . Matter of fact hath evinced this to me , having cured several Hydropical patients onely by sweating , and external applications . The internal Cause of the Dropsie , may be over viscous Chyle , or Phlegm of the Guts , coagulated in the lacteal Veins , and causing an obstruction in more or fewer of their Branches , so that the Liquour rising either from the continual Conflux of Choler , the Juice of the Pancreas , and the Phlegm of Spittle ; or else from Chyle , or from drink plentifully drunk , being stopt and intercepted in its motion , it doth by degrees more and more distend the Vessels , that at length they burst ; and the moisture receiv'd into them , is poured out between the Membranes of the Mesentery , and presently after into the Cavity of the Abdomen . This disease is sometimes suddenly produc'd by much drinking in a burning Fever , join'd with an urgent and permanent Thirst. After the same manner ( though difficult to be known ) may a Dropsie of the Breast be caused , viz. by an obstruction of the lateral Lymphatick Vessels , by glutinous Phlegm carried together with Lympha into the said Vessels , and there coagulated , by which the motion of Lympha is hindred , so that the Lymphatick vessels being much distended , by the great quantity of Lympha gathered in them , at length they burst , and the Lympha piercing ( through the Pleura ) into the Cavity of the Breast , procureth a Dropsie in it . The cause of a Tympany is wind , together with a serous humour piercing through the Guts into the Cavity of the Belly , and being there detained , it is more and more rarified , by which the Peritonoeum is not onely expanded , but the whole Abdomen inflated , and violently distended . The signs of Ascites , are swelling and fluctuation of the Belly , difficult breathing , a dry Cough accompanied sometimes with a symptomatical Fever , and great Thirst. The signs of Anasarca are weakness , faintness , and swelling of the whole Body , which being pressed with the Finger , it doth pit , and leave an impression , breathing is also difficult , with a continual Fever . In a Tympany the Belly is distended , and being struck upon , there is a noise like a little Drum. 1. Every Dropsie is difficult of Curation , especially if it hath been of long continuance . 2. If the Hydropical persons have a good digestion , and void more moisture both by stool and urine , than they either eat or drink , it is a hopefull sign of recovery , & e contra . Dropsies may be cured by strong Hydragogues , Sudorificks , and Bathing , and sometimes by a Paracenthesis or boring the Belly . The Best Hydragogues are prepared of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Jallop-roots , Elaterium , Gum-gutty , Crystals of Silver , &c. of which you may prepare purging Infusions , Pills , &c. for example . Take the Roots of Flower-de-luce , Dwarf-Elder , Madder , Liquorish , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce . the tops of Saint John's wort , Centaury the less , Agrimony , the best Senna , of each one handfull ; the Barks of Capers , Ash , Tamarisk , Cinamon , of each six drachms ; Flowers of Beans , Elder , Dwarf-elder , Broom , of each half a handfull ; seeds of sweet Fennel , Parsley , Gromwell , Juniper-Berries , of each one ounce and half ; Cloves , Salt of Tartar , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of White-wine , for two or three days ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , six ounces ; mix it , and give four ounces of it in the morning fasting . If any like Pills better , I commend the following . Take the Resins of Jallop , and Scammony , Tartar vitriolated , Mercur. dulcis , of each half a drachm ; Oil of Juniper one scruple ; make it into Pills with Venice-Turpentine , of which you may give twenty grains at a time , in the morning fasting . The following Pills are also very effectual . Take of Elaterium , Gambogia , Resin of Jallop , of each ten grains ; Oil of Nutmegs six drops ; make it into Pills with Venice-Turpentine for two doses . The obstructions in the Lacteal veins , or Lymphatick vessels , may be cur'd by Medicines that do powerfully cut , and happily open the said obstructions . This Aromatick Sudorifick may be commended for these intentions . Take the waters of Treacle , Scurvigrass , Fennel , of each one ounce ; waters of Parsley , Fumitory , of each two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar half an ounce ; Syrups of the juice of Carduus , and the five opening Roots , of each six drachms ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Antimony Diaphoretick , Salt of Amber , Beans , Worm-wood , of each one scruple ; Spirits of Salt Armoniack , Niter , of each twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it every two or three hours . After the Vessels are freed from the noted obstruction by the medicines before-mention'd , or such like ; they will be easily consolidated again by conglutinating food , in which you may boyle the Roots of Comfry , Plantain , and Solomon's Seal , for the more quick and easie cure . In a Tympany , the dulcifi'd Spirit of Niter is excellent , being taken in Broth or Sack , three or four times in a day , from six to twelve drops at a time , for it doth correct both Phlegm and Choler , and hinder Wind in its rise , and dissipate it when it is bred . Also the following exemplary Julep doth curb and discuss Wind , remaining as well in the Stomach as Guts . Take the Waters of Mint , Fennel , of each four ounces ; the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Syrup of the juice of Mints , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . eight grains ; Spirit of Niter one drachm ; Salt of Amber half a drachm ; Chymical Oil of Mace ten drops ; mix it , and take three or four spoonfulls every three hours . You may prepare a Medicinal Wine for the rich , very beneficial in Dropsies . Take the Seeds of Anise , Fennel , Caraway . Coriander , Berries of Bays , and Juniper , of each two ounces : Salt of Tartar half an ounce ; let them be bruised , and infused in three pints of White-wine , for three days , then strain it , and add Spirit of Niter half an ounce ; Salt of Amber two drachms ; Syrup of Mint three ounces ; mix it , and take four or five spoonfulls of it often . Sweating is very profitable in all Dropsies , either in Bed , with the forementioned Sudorifick , or in a Bagnio , or Hot-house , by which the water standing beside nature in any part of the Body , will ( by degrees ) be emptied through the pores of the Skin . Also it may be necessary , especially in persons more elderly , to use warm Baths . That which is prescrib'd for the cure of the Belly-ach in page 201 , 202. is also very profitable in Dropsies ; into the which it may be agreeable to descend at evening , before Bed-time , and there to continue so long as the Patient can well endure without fainting ; after which Frications may have their proper use , and great benefit . And to strengthen the cutaneous Fibres , and restore their true tone , for their better service of the offices of Nature : let the affected parts be anointed with the following fragrant Balsamick Ointment . Take of Flanders Oil of Bays , Nerve-oil , Oil of Earth-worms , of each two ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression , half an ounce ; mix it . Galen commendeth a Cataplasm of Snails bruised with their shells , and laid upon the Navel . But a Pultess prepar'd of the ingredients of the Bath , and applied to the affected parts , will be more effectual to discharge the Ichorous water . Or you may make a Cataplasm after this manner . Take the tops of Elder , Dwarf-elder , Vervain , Worm-wood , Chamomel , of each two handfulls ; Horse-radish-roots four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of the juice of Wild-cucumbers , till they are very tender , then strain it , and beat them very well , and add Barley-meal , one pound ; and with the same liquor boil it into the consistence of a Pultess . Let the Patients diet be drying , and let them drink moderately ; you may infuse Juniper-berries , Tamarisk and Elicampane-roots in their ordinary drink . And for the benefit of those Physicians and Chirurgeons , that live in the West-Indies ; there groweth ( almost every where in moist places ) a large Cane , much like the Sugar-cane ; the Planters generally call it the dumb Cane , because they that taste it , are presently dumb , and unable to speak for two or three hours ; after which the Tongue returns to its former use and volubility without any prejudice . The reason why this remarkeable Plant doth so affect the Tongue upon the touch of it , is its power of attracting such plenty of moisture into it , as doth distend all the Vessels thereof , and render it immoveable , till the crouded moisture be gradually discharged . Hence we may conjecture , and indeed experience teacheth , that of this Plant may be prepared diversity of medicines as Cataplasms , Oils , Ointments , &c. Which will be effectual to attract , and easily and kindly discharge the swollen part of the Ichorous water ; which may be used for some time after the evacuation of it , the better to prevent a farther accumulation , or return of the Disease . Likewise may medicines be prepared , ( by a skilfull Artist ) of this Plant , very effectual to be taken inwardly , not onely against Dropsies , but the Scurvy , Gout , &c. If these choice medicines are not to be had , and nothing be effected by other means ; A harmless Paracenthesis may be instituted in the Dropsie of the Breast , or Abdomen ; provided the Apertion be made by such a little hollow instrument as is describ'd in page 81 , 82. of the Cure of the Pleurisie , for by such a small wound , there is no danger to the sick . But this operation must not be delay'd , lest the humour collected , get an hurtfull Acrimony , and by degrees corrode and corrupt the Membrane , and hence the substance of all the parts contain'd , and so make the Disease incurable . CHAP. XIV . Of the Scurvy , and Hypochondriack Suffocation , commonly called the Fits of the Mother . THE Scurvy being a Hypochondriack disease , it will not be amiss to treat of them together . The Scurvy is called in Latin Scorbutus ; it is a Complication , or Concatenation of Diseases , generated by the Conjunction of divers Causes contributing to a scorbutick Deformity . The Scurvy is generated , or planted essentially in the vital Principles , or digestive Offices , and therefore it is not discerned by sense , but the effects are distributed throughout the Body , and are augmented more or less , according to the strength and debility of parts , to resist or consent and be depraved . The Hypochondriack suffocation is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vel quod ad Hypochondria pertinet , vel sub cartilagine fita fit . It is called by the Latins Hypochondriaca melancholia . The Ancients thought that this was an uterine disease , in quibus mulieres uteri fuffocatione laborant ; and therefore it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in Latin morbus Hystericus , vel Hysterica passio ; and in English 't is called Fits of the Mother ; it being most subject to Women , from the suppression of their monthly Courses . But because men are also molested with longing , and suffer often both the Sense and Disease of Suffocation , especially when they become Cachectick , or of ill habit of Body : and also they are cured with the same medicines , that Women are cured with , when they are vexed with this distemper , therefore I think this suffocation may be more properly called Hypochondriacal . It may be called the Mother of the Scurvy , because the vital Principles ( in this disease ) are seduced to declension and deviation from their rectitude , the digestive offices being all depraved . The causes of these diseases are either external , or internal . The external , are sometimes a sedentary studious , and melancholy life , by which the vital Principles do receive much prejudice , decay and fall off from their functions , and become languid and feeble ; also the Air being infested with noxious Vapours , is a procuring cause of these distempers ; for such Air being drawn into the Body by inspiration , doth commix with the spirits , and debilitate and deprave the faculties , from whence Scorbutick and Hypochondriack effects do ensue ; and as the Body is perspirable or impervious , these diseases are more or less varied , and remitted in their Symptoms ; and therefore the constipation of the pores , prohibiting transpiration , is a partial organical cause of preternatural Spots in the Scurvy , which appear chiefly upon the Thighs and Legs ; not from the gravity of the material cause , and ponderous propension of gross matter downwards ; but because those parts are more weak in their assimilation , being remote from supply of vital Spirits , therefore they have the first tokens of defection . The internal Cause is a vitious quality of all the humours , and also of the Animal spirits , which are confus'd with the bloud , and communicate their faultiness to it , by which the bloud is also vitiated , so that the nourishment of the Body is deprav'd several ways , according to the variety of the quality peccant ; in which the colour of the native Skin , and especially of the face languisheth , and is changed pale . In these diseases , not onely the appetite of food , but its fermentation is also deprav'd ; wherefore Anxieties about the Midriff and Hypochondries , and a pressing pain of the Heart will soon follow . For when the food is ill fermented , and driven forward through the small Gut , it is confus'd with the Juice of the Pancreas and Choler , which are a like vitious , the Pancreatick juice being too sharp and acrid , and the Bile over thick and salt ; from whence the separation of usefull and unusefull parts , is not onely corrupted , but also by the vitious Effervescency of these humours , are rais'd manifold halituous Vapours , which do not onely increase the fore describ'd Anxiety , but being carried to the Heart do breed a Palpitation of it , whence it circulates through the Lungs , and causeth a difficulty of breathing , and thence being driven every way , it causeth a weariness in all parts of the Body ; and if an Acrimony of the humours do concur , then it is manifested internally with pain . The cause of the inordinate effervescency of Bloud , in the Hypochondriack suffocation , is not onely the unequal flowing of Lympha , but also of the Liquour rising out of the threefold humours , vitiously effervescing in the small Gut , from whence vitious Vapours are sent to the right Ventricle of the Heart , and procure a great Confusion , and disturbance in it ; hence followeth a notable Palpitation of the Heart , by which sometimes the Effervescency of Bloud seemeth to cease in the right Ventricle for a time , with its motion and pulse , and also respiration is taken away to outward sense . The symptoms and signs of these diseases are very many , yet are never seen to concur in one and the same Body . The usual signs are pain of the Head , palpitation of the Heart , puffing up of the Stomach , Loathing , Vomiting , Belching , Hicket , Cough , Tumour and Putrefaction of the Gums , with much spitting ; looseness and blackness of the Teeth , and sometimes great pain in them ; the breath stinketh , and is sometimes fetched with much difficulty ; also Convulsions , Palsie , Gout , Dropsies , and all other obstructions ; sometimes the Colick , and trembling and looseness of the Lims , with red purple spots dispersed ; also the Pleurisie , pain of the Hypochondries , and also of many of the external parts , as the Neck , Arms , Hands , Thighs , Legs , Feet and Anckles , with laziness , and often faint sweats ; there is also sometimes malign Ulcers , dry hard Tubercles , Erisipelas and Edematous tumours with many others , which to enumerate , were to comprehend an universal Genus of Atomes , within a very narrow Limitation . 1. These diseases ( for the most part ) are of long continuance , and are seldom cured , and therefore may be called the disgrace of Physicians . 2. If the Patient hath a continual pain and giddiness of the Head , it doth threaten an Epilepsie , or Apoplexy . 3. The more aged the sick are , the more grievous are the Symptoms , and the more dangerous and difficult to be cured . 4. Vomiting , Flux of the Belly , and Hemorrhoids , if they are moderate , are hopefull signs of recovery . In some Regions , these diseases are complicated with most other distempers , or at least do easily degenerate into them , by which they are rendred the more difficult of curation . As for the Cure of these stubborn and rebellious diseases , the sick must observe a good diet , without which Physical means will profit but little ; and here we may also observe , that no Aliments , or Medicines ( whether altering or purging ) will be very profitable , unless specifick Antiscorbuticks be mixed with them . The best Antiscorbutick simples , are the Roots of Horse-radish , Butter-bur , Liquorish , Dandelion , Scorzonera , China , Zedoary , Angelica , Elicampane , Polypodium , the five opening Roots ; the Wood and Bark of Guiacum and Sassaphras , the Herbs Scordium , Scurvigrass , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Sorrel , Rue , Fennel , Golden-rod and Penny-royal ; Fruits of Oranges , Limmons , Pomcitrons , Pomgranates , Apples , &c. Seeds of Mustard , Angelica , Radish and Juniper-berries , cum multis aliis ; of which may be prepared diversity of good medicines both Chymical and Galenical . The volatile Salts both of Animals , and Vegetables , are excellent to open all obstructions , and temper the humours ; Also Elixir proprietatis , the Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Horse-radish and Scurvigrass , the Spirit of Niter and of Salt dulcified , Salt of Steel , Wormwood , and Tartar , Oil of Juniper , Cloves , and Cinamon , are all Specifick Antiscorbuticks . The Hypochondriack suffocation having great affinity with the Scurvy , the same medicines are proper for both . The following Julep is both Diaphoretick , and Diuretick , and very profitable for the sick in these diseases , to be taken two or three days in a week . Take the Waters of Penny-royal , Scurvigrass , Treacle , Syrup of the juice of Fennel , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Castor , half an ounce ; Oils of Amber , Mace , and Cloves , of each six drops ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , twenty drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every two or three hours . This Electuary may also be prefer'd . Take of Conserves of Scurvigrass , three ounces ; Confectio Alkermes , half an ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , two drachms ; Flowers of Salt Armoniack , Tarter vitriolated , of each half a drachm ; Spirit of Castor one drachm ; Oil of Cloves twenty drops ; mix it , and give two drachms morning and evening . After the frequent use of this Electuary , you may purge with this Powder . Take Powder of Cream of Tartar , half a drachm ; Salts of Wormwood , Amber , Scurvigrass , Resin of Scammony , of each ten grains ; mix it for two doses . If the Patient like Pills better , these may serve . For Example . Take Extract . Catholicon , Rudii , of each ten grains ; Resin of Jallop , Agarick , Salt Armoniack , of each six grains ; Oils of Amber , Cloves , of each two drops ; make it into eight Pills , for two doses . A Medicinal Wine may be prepar'd very effectual in these distempers . Take of Water-cresses , Brook-lime , Scurvigrass , Rue , of each one handfull ; Roots of Polypodium , Jallop , Horse-radish , Angelica , Cream of Tartar , of each half an ounce ; white Nettle-seed , one ounce ; Orange-peel , Cinamon , Salt of Tartar , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused , in three quarts of White-wine , for two or three days , then strain it , and give four spoonfulls in the morning fasting . In the Hypochondriack suffocation , you may often hold to the Nostrils , a glass with a narrow mouth , containing the Spirit of Salt Armoniack ; for by its sharp smell , the sick for the most part are wont to be rais'd , both from that suffocation , and from the Epilepsie . If the Gums are putrified , let the mouth be washed with the following Tincture , mixed with some Plantain water , and Syrup of Mulberries . Take Powder of Gum Lacca , one ounce ; burnt Alome half an ounce ; the small Spirit of Salt Armoniack , one quart ; let them digest together 'till it be of a red colour , then filtrate it through brown paper , and keep it for use . If the sick hath a costive Body , you may administer a Carminative Clyster once or twice a week . In pains of the Belly and Hypochondries , this linament is effectual . Take Oils of Earth-worms , Scurvigrass , Chamomel , of each one ounce ; Oil of Mace by expression half an ounce ; mix it , with which anoint the parts affected . This Antiscorbutick water will be very profitable , to be taken two or three spoonfulls at a time , morning and evening . Take the Barks of Ash , and Capers , the Roots of Tamarisk , Polypodium , Horse-radish , of each three ounces ; Water-cresses , Scurvigrass , Brook-lime , Sorrel , Centaury the less , Harts tongue , of each four handfulls ; Berries of Bays and Juniper , Goose-dung , of each one ounce ; the Seeds of Citrons , Mustard , Carduus benedictus , Cloves , Cinamon , Nutmegs , Ginger , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and digested , in one Gallon of White-wine , and two quarts of Spirit of wine , being close covered for three days ; then distill them with a glass Still according to art , and keep it for your use . Frictions , Ligatures , Ventoses , Sternutatories , &c. are all profitable to stir up the sick in the Hypochondriack suffocation . CHAP. XV. Of the Green-sickness , and Suppression of the Courses . THE Green-sickness is called in Latin Icteris , & Febris alba ; In English the Virgin 's Disease , the White Fever , and the White Jaundice ; because in this disease the native colour of the Face is pale . This disease is caused either from defect of Bloud , or it proceedeth from plenty of crude , viscous , phlegmatick humours , obstructing the veins about the Womb , by which the courses are supprest ; the veins of the Matrix being obstructed , that superfluous Bloud which nature hath ordained to be evacuated that way , having not passage , doth return to the greater Vessels , and is circulated with the whole mass of Bloud and humours , by which they are in time vitiated , and a Cachexie or ill habit of body is thence caused ; for the Bloud and natural humours , being indued with a vitious quality , the nourishment of all the parts of the body will be deprav'd several ways , according to the variety of the quality peccant ; whence likewise not onely the fermentation of Food , but also the Appetite of it is deprav'd ; wherefore Anxieties and Palpitation of the Heart , &c. troubleth the sick , as well before as after Food taken in . This distemper may be also caused by external coldness of the air , &c. and sometimes great fear , and sudden shame may be the cause of the suppression ; also aliments , and medicaments that are too astringent taken inwardly . In these diseases the Urine cometh away crude , thick and less colour'd , because the phlegmatick , watry humours abounding , incorporating with the Bloud , do diminish the desired effervescency ; so that the separation , much less excretion of the excrementitious parts , to be voided together with Urine , doth not follow . If the Hypochondries be afflicted , and the veins of the Womb obstructed , there will be great loathing of wholsome Food , and a desire after those things which ought not to be eaten , as Ashes , Salt , Coals , &c. which is called Pica , and in Women with Child Malacia , of which we have hinted in the Chapter of Hungar Vitiated , page 145 , 146. 1. These distempers are sometimes of long continuance , causing much weakness , and oft times barrenness in them that have been so afflicted : and if they do conceive , they bring forth weak and sickly Children , and those that are very melancholy , are in danger of falling into madness , or other grievous affects , as Palpitation of the Heart , Swouning , Vertigo , Epilepsie , Apoplexy , &c. 2. If the obstruction be onely of the vessels of the Womb , and have not been of long continuance , it may be easily cur'd . 3. Bleeding at the Nose , is sometimes beneficial , but if the Bloud doth disburthen it self by the Eyes , Ears , Mouth , or Bladder , it is preposterous , from whence may arise other bad Symptoms . In the cure of these distempers such medicines are to be selected , which will mildly ( and by degrees ) alter , correct and evacuate , tough and glutinous Phlegm , seeing that all prolong'd diseases depend on it , either wholly , or at least in part ; for by the frequent use of such medicines , the Bloud and peccant humours will be the easier reduc'd to their natural constitution ; especially by the help of good Food , easy of digestion : in the mean while , not neglecting the moderate use of the rest of the nannatural things . An obstruction of the Vessels by viscous Phlegm , may be cur'd by the frequent use of such medicines as have power to loosen the peccant humours , and again make them fluid . All fixt metallick and mineral Sulphurs , and also volatile Salts , prepar'd not onely of several parts of Animals , but also of scorbutick Plants , ( such as are the juice of Hedge-mustard , Scurvigrass , Garden and Water-cresses , Dandelion , &c. ) conduce before all others , to loosen and dissolve Phlegm coagulated , or Bloud clotter'd , as having an egregious power of dissolving all things coagulated , and conglutinated in humane bodies , and of reducing the same to their wonted fluidity , and moreover to move sweat , which together being mildly promoted , the desired dissolution of the aforesaid viscous humours , &c. will be obtained much easier , and sooner . An example of such a Sudorifick I have here set down for the sake of young Practitioners . Take the Waters of Treacle , Dandelion , Parsley , Scurvigrass , Fennel , Syrups of Hedge-mustard , white Poppies , of each half an ounce ; Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Harts-horn , of each ten drops ; Laudanum opiatum , four grains ; mix it . The following is also very effectual . Take the Waters of Fennel , Hyssop , of each two ounces ; distill'd Vinegar six drachms ; the Carminative-water of Sylvius half an ounce ; Syrup of the five opening Roots one ounce and half ; Powder of Crabs-eyes one drachm ; Sperma Coeti , Mummy , Antimony Diaphoretick , of each one scruple ; Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it . Let the sick often take two spoonfulls of either of these mixtures , especially in bed , to promote the power of the medicine , and to facilitate a sweat ; by the help whereof the mention'd power of the Sudorifick will the better come to the place of obstruction , and will attenuate , loosen , and make fluid the matter obstructing ; the whole Mass of Bloud will also become more fluid and moveable , being rarefi'd by the volatile Salt of the medicine . If the Patient be plethorick , let the Saphoena vein be opened , for by opening and breathing a Vein , the motion and circulation of the Bloud will be the better restor'd ; for a larger space being made for the universal Bloud , it will circulate more swiftly and potently . The phlegmatick viscous humours must be corrected , and evacuated by Phlegmagogues . The following medicines are of great efficacy . Take of Salts of Mugwort , Ash , Amber , Tartar vitriolated , of each ten grains ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , white Sugar-candy , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give it in white Wine in the morning fasting . The next day you may administer the following Pills . Take of pil . foetidoe , ex duobus , of each half a drachm ; Amber , prepar'd Steel , Borax , Mercur. Dulcis , of each one scruple ; Mirrh , Castor , Saffron , of each twelve grains ; Oil of Cloves , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each six drops ; make it into ten Pills for two doses , which may be taken in the Morning fasting . If a medicinal Wine be acceptable to the sick , the following or one like it may be used . Take the Roots of Horse-radish , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Savin , Vervain , Penny-royal , Hyssop , Calamint , Mugwort , of each one handfull ; Senna , Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seeds , Juniper-berries , Orange-peel , Liquorish , of each half an ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in one Gallon of White-wine for three days , then strain it , and keep it for use . You may add more wine to the ingredients so long as there is any Aromatick taste . Four or five spoonfulls of this Wine may be taken two or three times a day , with which you may mix Salt of Tartar vitriolated ten grains ; Elixir proprietatis six drops . If you expect a laudable success , you must persevere awhile in the use of these , or such like medicines . CHAP. XVI . Of the immoderate menstrual Flux , and the Whites in Women . THE monthly terms being immoderate , may be called in Latin mensium fluxus immodicus . And the Whites in Women Alboe mulierum fluxiones . The causes of too many Courses are either external , or internal . The external Causes may be by an Ulcer in the Matrix , or some outward Violence , and sometimes by too much Coition . The internal Causes are either a sharp serous humour abounding in the Bloud , increasing its fluidity , or else an over great heat in the Womb , stirring up a more potent , and therefore a swifter rarefaction of Bloud , provoking an expulsion of it , either by breaking , ( or some other preternatural opening ) of the vessels of the Womb. The white Flux of the Womb , is an excrementitious humour flowing from it . This distemper is subject not onely to Women , but sometimes to Maids also . These humours may be bred in the Womb , either by a cold or hot distemper therein . The cold doth render it unable to digest its nourishment . A hot Distemper corrupteth it , hence cometh this excrementitious humour . Also Abortion , Contusion , Inflammation , Imposthume or Ulcer in the Womb , may weaken and dispose it to breed such humours . The signs that distinguish between this Distemper , and an Ulcer in the Womb , and Gonorrhoea , are these . 1. If there be an Ulcer there , the Womb will not admit of Coition , without pain , and the matter which floweth from her is stringy , and more digested , and sometimes bloudy . 2. In the Gonorrhoea , the seminal matter cometh in a small quantity , and seldom , except it be gotten by acting with an unclean Person , then the Urine is sharp , with many other malignant Symptoms . All long Hemorrhagies of Bloud are dangerous , especially those of the Womb ; If it be caused by exulceration , and be in elderly Women , 't is incurable . The white Flux is not very dangerous , but is often difficult of curation , especially in old Women , because they abound with Phlegm ; and 't is hard to divert the humours from this Chanel , it being the sink of the body , through which the superfluous humours of a healthy Woman are every month evacuated . If this distemper continue long , it may breed great evils , as Barrenness , Falling out of the Womb , &c. These diseases may be both cured by the same medicines . If the courses have continued too long , the following mixture will soon stop the flux of Bloud , and will cure most ruptions of vessels . Take the Waters of Plantain , Comfry , of each three ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Mirtles , Quinces , of each one ounce and half ; distill'd Vinegar one ounce ; red Coral prepar'd one drachm ; Dragons Bloud one scruple ; Laudanum opiat . six grains ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every four hours . When the flux of Bloud is stopt , you may purge with the following . Take of Manna one ounce ; Powder of Rhubarb tosted , Cream of Tartar , of each half a drachm ; Resin of Jallop four grains ; mix it , and take it in broth . If the Patient like Pills , I commend the following . Take Resins of Jallop and Scammony , extract of Rhubarb , Agarick , Salt of Amber , Powder of Dragons-bloud , of each ten grains ; Oil of Mints six drops ; with Syrup of Rhubarb , let it be made into twelve Pills for three doses . After purging , these Astringents will be profitable . Take of Cinamon , the Roots of Bistort , Tormentile , Rhubarb , Seeds of Plantain , Dill , Flowers of red Roses , Balaustins , red Coral , sealed Earth , whitest Amber , Harts-horn , Gum-dragon and Arabick , of each two drachms ; Saccharum Saturni , Dragons-bloud , Salt Prunella , of each two scruples ; Laudanum opiat . Camphire , of each ten grains ; let them be all finely powder'd and searced , and with Honey of red Roses , Syrups of Quinces and Comfry , of each equal parts ; let it be made into an Electuary according to Art. Let the sick take the quantity of a Nutmeg of this Electuary , every morning and evening , either upon the point of a knife , or dissolve it in two or three ounces of red Wine , to which you may add a few drops of Tincture of red Coral , and drink it . This Julep is also of great virtue . Take the Waters of Comfry , Plantain , Oak-buds , Knot-grass , red Wine , of each four ounces ; in which infuse red Rose-buds , Balaustins , Flowers of Comfry , Bugloss , of each one handfull , for the space of twenty four hours , then boil it gently for half an hour ; strain it , and add Tincture of red Coral , Syrups of dried Roses , Comfry and Mirtles , of each two ounces ; Oil of Vitriol twenty drops ; mix it , and take six spoonfulls every three hours . Let the Region of the Womb be anointed with this Linament . Take Unguent . Comitissoe , Oil of Mirtles , of each one ounce ; Saccharum Saturni one drachm ; Camphire ten grains ; mix it . After the part is anointed , let this Plaster be applied . Take the Plaster against Ruptures , Diapalma , of each one ounce ; the carminative Plaster of Sylvius half an ounce ; mix it , and spread it on leather , and apply to the region of the Womb. In the Whites , let this be used for a Fume . Take of Olibanum , Amber , Cloves , of each half a drachm ; red Rose-buds , Balaustins , of each two drachms ; beat them all together into a gross powder ; put a little of it at a time upon a pan of coles , and let the Woman sit over it . CHAP. XVII . Of the Falling Down of the Womb and Fundament . IF the Womb falleth down , it may be called in Latin Procidentia Matricis . So likewise if the Fundament cometh down , it is called Procidentia Ani. The Causes of these distempers are either External or Internal . The External Causes may be any violent exercise , with much striving , also falls or blows , on those parts ; also bathing in cold water , &c. The Internal Causes are serous and phlegmatick humours , a Dysentery with a Tenasmus , the Whites continuing long , a violent drawing the Child , or After-birth out of the Womb ; also much Sneezing or Coughing , especially in Child-bed ; to conclude , all things that may cause a Rupture or relaxation of the Ligaments of the Womb , or sphincter Muscle of the Anus , may be the cause of these griefs . In a Procidentia Ani , there is always a mucous and purulent dejection , from a phlegmatick , viscous , and sometimes also a sharp acid humour adjoining about the seige , which often causeth a troublesome Ulcer by fretting . In young people these distempers may be easily cur'd , if they have not continued long , and do not come very far out , and be not ulcerated . But if there be a Rupture of the Ligaments of the Womb , it is incurable ; likewise great pain and inflammation are very difficult ; and if either the Matrix or Anus be Gangrenated it is mortal , without speedy amputation . You must begin the Cure with removing the symptoms and discharging the Guts of their Excrements , either with Clysters or Lenitives . Then anoint the part with some astringent Oils , and endeavour to reduce it gently by degrees . The manner of the reduction every ingenious Artist knows , and therefore needs not any directions . When the Womb is reduc'd it may be kept with a Pessary fram'd of Cork as thick as necessary , and cover'd with Wax mixed with a little Castor , and Assafoetida , which may there continue . If there be pain and inflammation , let the part be bathed with this . Take the Flowers of Chamomel , Elder , of each one handfull ; Marsh-mallow-roots one ounce ; Seeds of Flax and Foenugreek , of each half an ounce ; boil it in two quarts of Milk till half be consumed , then strain it , and add Malaga Wine one pint ; mix it . Let Stuphs be moistned in this and wrung out and applied hot ; after which apply a Plaster of ad herniam to the lower part of the Belly . Before you reduce the Anus , anoint it with Oil of Mirtles and bestrew it with Powder of Album Groecum , or the following . Take of red Roses , Pomgranat-rinds , Cypress-nuts , Mastick , Crocus Martis , burnt Lead , of each half an ounce ; beat them all into a fine powder . A Bag quilted with the following astringents , and applied hot to either griev'd part three times a day , will conduce much to keep it up . Take of Plantain , Sanicle , Buds of Oak and Medlar , red Rose-buds , Balaustins , of each one handfull ; Roots of Comfry , Tormentil , Bistort , Cypress-nuts , Seeds of Anise , sweet Fennel , of each one ounce ; beat them all into a gross powder . Inwardly may be given Astringents and Strengthners , but not in time of the courses ; those prescrib'd against the immoderate flowing of the Terms are good . CHAP. XVIII . Of Barrenness . BArrenness is called in Latin Sterilitas . It may be called in English Unfruitfullness , it being an impotency of Conception . We reade in the Scripture that the Women of old did think it a reproach to be Childless ; and therefore when Elizabeth had conceived who before was Barren , she said the Lord hath taken away my reproach among Men ; as you may reade at large in the first Chapter of Luke's Gospel . Very few Women in a Marriage state but desire Children , yea some would give all they have in the world for a Child , and are very impatient if they do not Conceive . Rachel said to Jacob in Gen. 30 ver . 1. give me Children , or else I dye . I will now briefly shew you , what may be the cause of Sterility . 1. First , want of Love between a Man and his Wife , way hinder Conception . 2. Any malignant distemper in the womb , may corrupt the Seed , and be the cause of Barrenness . Some are of opinion that Witch-craft may be the cause . But to conclude , the Whites or any moist distemper of the Matrix , may be the cause of Barrenness . Sometimes the cause is in the Man , for if he doth want Sperm , or is unable to erect his Genital by reason of any weakness or distemper in his Secrets ; or if he be effeminate and taketh little or no delight in the act of Venery , he is not fit for Venus School . There are some Rules left by the Ancients to try whether a Woman be naturally Barren or no. Hippocrates adviseth to put a Clove of Garlick or a little Galbanum into her Womb , and if her Breath do smell of it , be sure she is fruitfull . If Barrenness be caused by any Disease afflicting either the man or the woman , then there may be hopes of Conception when health is procured ; but if it be evil shape of of the members in the woman , or the man not fit for Venus-School , patientia est optima virtus . In the cure , you must endeavour to remove whatsoever hindreth Conception . Many things are antipathetical to fecundity , as Jet , Glow-worms , Saphires , Smaragds , the Matrix of a Goat or Mule , likewise Vinegar , Mints , Watercresses , Beans , &c. all which I advise you to avoid , and make use of those things which have a peculiar virtue to help or cause Conception , and remove Barrenness . The After-birth of a Woman dried and powdred , and taken often a drachm at a time ; also the Stones and Liver of a Bore-pig , the Juice of Sage , the Roots of Satirion and Eringo candied , are all good . There are many medicines prescrib'd in Authours to help Conception . Quercetanus doth commend this infusion . Take the Matrix of a Hare and the Stones of a Ram prepar'd with Whitewine , of Cinamon , Ginger , Mace , Cloves , Seeds of Bishops-weed , of each half an ounce ; Saffron two drachms ; Kernels of Fistick-nuts one ounce ; let them be all bruised and infused in a quart of Muskadel-wine for two or three days ; then strain it , and add more Wine to the ingredients for a second infusion . The following Electuary is also excellent . Take the Roots of Satirion and Eringo candied , of each one ounce ; candied Ginger and preserv'd Nutmegs , of each two drachms ; Kernels of Hazle-nuts and Fistick-nuts , of each half an ounce ; Powder of a Bull's-pizle , of Ivory , Seeds of Rocket , Bishops-weed , of each one drachm ; Species Diambroe , Diamosc . dulcis , of each six drachms ; Confectio Alkermes one ounce and half ; with Syrup of the juice of Citrons ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. Let the Woman take the quantity of a Nutmeg of it every night going to bed , and drink a glass of Sack or Muskadel , or of the aforementioned Infusion after it . If a cold and moist distemper of the Body and Womb , accompanied with the Whites be the cause , look for the cure in its proper Chapter . If it be caused by Witchcraft , there are some things commended by Authours to be worn about the party against Fascination , viz. the Pizle of a Wolf , a Diamond , a Jacinth-stone , Rue , Squills , Sea-holly , Sagapenum , Amara dulcis , Hypericon , &c. But above all , let fervent and devout Prayers be put up to the Throne of grace for help ; and reject and despise Incantations or Charms , and all other Diabolical means . CHAP. XIX . Of Abortion or Miscarriage . ABortion is called in Latin Abortus , vel intempestivus foetus . Because it is an untimely Birth ; the Child being brought forth , either dead or alive before its fit time of deliverance . This is the worst Symptom , that attends breeding Women . It may happen from the first Moment of Conception , to the end of the sixth Month ; but it is most usual in the end of the third , or the beginning of the fourth Month. The causes are either external , or internal . The external Causes are a great excess in things nonnatural , as too great Anger , Fear , and other Passions , or else it may be through defect ; for if the Mother undergo Penury or Famine , or lose much Bloud , the Child wanteth Nourishment . Many times things longed for , and not obtained , kill the Child . Also strong purging Medicines , that provoke the terms , and all fetid smells , falls , blows , lifting , carrying , dancing , running , riding or any other outward violence , may be the Cause of Abortion . The internal Causes may be the depravedness of the humours , by which the Mass of Bloud becometh vitious ; also Acute or Chronick diseases , especially of the Womb ; and also violent Coughing , Sneezing , Vomiting , Convulsions and Fluxes of the Belly , may loosen the Ligaments of the Womb , and so cause miscarriage . The signs of Abortion at hand , are great pain about the Loins , and Share-bones , sometimes with shivering ; the Breasts growing little and flaggy , the Situation of the Child changed towards the Bottom of the Belly , with a bearing down , and evacuation of Bloud , &c. 1. Women who have moist and slippery Wombs are most subject to miscarry , but with little danger , except it be the first Child , and that very big . 2. Much bleeding , with fainting , raving , or Convulsions is for the most part mortal . To prevent Abortion ; if there be an evil disposition of the Body , or Womb , you must endeavour to remove it ; if the Woman hath a plethorick Body , let a Vein be opened in the Arme , especially in the first six months . If ill humours abound , purge often with gentle means . This purging Infusion may serve . Take of Cinamon , Rhubarb , Anise-seed , of each two drachms ; let them be bruised , and infused in four ounces of Plantain-water very hot , for the space of a Night , then strain it , and add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , the best Manna , of each half an ounce ; mix it , and give it in the Morning fasting . Also the Pills prescrib'd in page 240. may be used in this case . If the Woman be troubled with a Rheumatick distemper , accompanied with Wind ; and if she be pretty strong , you may sweat her gently sometimes with this or such like Cordial Diaphoretick . Take the Waters of Treacle , Carduus , Fennel , of each one ounce ; Cinamon-water two drachms ; Syrups of the Juice of Carduus , Coral , of each half an ounce ; Confectio de Hyacintho half a drachm ; Spirit of Niter six drops ; Oil of Cinamon two drops ; Laudanum opiatum three grains ; mix it , and give to provoke sweat . Let the Womb be strengthned with Cordial Astringents : Those prescrib'd in page 239. 240. are excellent . CHAP. XX. Of hard Travel in Child-birth . HArd labour may be called in Latin partus , vel enixus laboriosus ; quod ipse nitendi & pariendi actus . The time of a natural Birth ought to be accomplished in the space of twenty four hours ; if the Womans travel continue longer time with vehement pains and dangerous Symptoms , it may be called hard labour , or difficult Travel in Child-birth . There are various Causes of hard Labour , sometimes tender Women by reason of pain , are very fearfull , and do endeavour to hinder pains , and consequently the Birth also . Sometimes the Child being weak or dead , and not following the Water in Due-time , before the passage be too dry may be the Cause ; especially if the Mother be weak , by reason of any Disease afflicting her , or by too much Evacuation of Bloud , or there be not sufficient Motion of the Womb , and Muscles of the Belly . Sometimes the Child's head may be too big , or the passage too strait . Also the Child may be turned in the Womb , and the Hands , Shoulders , Back , Belly , or Buttocks , &c. may come forward to the Birth , and then the endeavour to bring forth will be painfull and difficult . The signs of hard Labour are easily known ; if the Child do stir , and there be strong pains , and no water appear , the Secundine is strong . If pains be weak , and long before they return , and more in the Back than Belly , the Infant is weak . If the Woman be little , and her Husband big and full shouldred , then there is a great Child , which will cause tough work . 1. Hard travel in Child-birth is very dangerous , for sometimes the Mother , sometimes the Child , and many times both do lose their Lives . 2. If the Woman be in Travel above four days , the Child can hardly be alive ; and therefore must be drawn away before it be too late ; for if it be neglected , it will cause Fevers , Faintings , Convulsions , Sleepiness , &c. which are the Forerunners of Death . 3. If sneezing cometh of its own accord , it is a good sign of deliverance . First give this Cordial to strengthen both the Mother and Child . Take Waters of Baum , Vervain , Cinamon , of each two ounces ; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers , Saffron , of each six drachms ; Spirit of Saffron , Confectio Alkermes , of each one drachm ; mix it . If the Child be situated on Os pubis , it must be removed , and all other unfit Postures must be rectified . Then such things as hasten the Birth may be safely administred . To encrease the Pains , and further the Womans Labour , I commend sneezing , and also the following Medicines . Take the Livers of Eels prepar'd with Cinamon-water , and dried , one drachm ; Powder of Borax , whitest Amber , Mirrh , Saffron , Dittany of Crete , round Birth-wort , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give a Scruple of it at a time , in three spoonfulls of this Julep . Take the Waters of Vervain , Mugwort , of each two ounces ; Syrup of Saffron one ounce ; Confectio Alkermes one drachm ; Extract of Saffron six grains ; Oils of Cinamon , Amber , of each three drops ; mix it . Some things have a peculiar property to help the Birth ; as the stone Aetites , Loadstone , Storax , the Eyes of a Hare , &c. held near the privities . The time being come , the Woman must be put into a posture , ( which every Midwife doth understand ) and let her not labour too much , till strong pains come ; and then let her resolve on patience , and not be disorderly in the time of her Travel . If she be faint , you may give her some of the formention'd Cordial Julep to comfort her . Let your hands be anointed with some Anodine Ointment . After the water is broke , if the Head cometh with the Face towards Anus receive it ; if not endeavour to place it right : Then turn your Finger round about the Child's head gently , to make way for the Birth . If the Child cometh any other way , you must endeavour to gain the Feet , and bring it away with the Face towards Anus , as before mention'd . The Child being born , you must bring away the Secundine gently by degrees , after which put a Closure to the Woman to prevent Cold from entring the Womb. Then prepare her for the bed , and give her some Sperma Coeti , or Irish-slate in a little burnt White-wine with Cinamon . If the Woman doth flood much , or be troubled with after-pains , give her some of the following Cordial Opiate . Take of small Cinamon-water , the waters of red Poppies , Baum , of each two ounces ; Syrups of Clove-gilliflowers , white Poppies , of each one ounce ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Oil of Cinamon two drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls of it often . If the Child be born alive , after the Navel string is secured , give the Child ten grains of prepar'd Coral in a little Breast milk , or black Cherry-water dulcifi'd with Syrup of Peony , to which you may add a little Oil of sweet Almonds new drawn . If the Child be troubled with gripes , you may give it a little Powder of Anise-seed in the Pap. But if the Child be dead , and the Labour gone ; or if the Child's head be very big , and the passage too strait ; so that the Midwife cannot doe her Office ; you must then speedily implore the help of the Man-midwife , as we are called . If a Woman in Child-bed hath a costive Body , give her a Suppository of Castile-soap , or Honey boiled ; and after three or four days , you may administer , an emollient , carminative Clyster . If a Woman ( after hard Travel ) cannot hold her Urine , bathe her secret Parts and Region of the Womb with this or the like Decoction . Take of Plantain , Comfry , Shepherds-purse , Tops of Brambles , Penny-royal , Rosemary , Sage , Stoechas , of each one handfull ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Gallon of Smiths-water , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and bathe the parts affected very warm with woollen Stuphs . Afterward anoint the grieved parts with this Linament . Take the Ointment Comitissoe , Oil of Mace by expression , of each one ounce ; Oils of Earth-worms , Foxes , Lillies , Goose-grease , of each half an ounce ; mix it . CHAP. XXI . Of Nephritick pains , and of the Stone in the Reins and Bladder . DIseases of the Reins are called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ren. In Latin they are called morbus Renum , which comprehends not onely any Ach in the Kidneys , but also the Stone and Gravel in the Reins . Nephritick pains may be caused divers ways . 1. First by a sharp salt matter , or a sharp and serous Lympha in the Kidneys , which doth easily concrete into a Stone , especially when the Ferment of the Reins is much vitiated ; which may be known by those cruel torturing Fits , that come by intervals . 2. Worms in the Kidneys , which for the most part arise from Bloud there corrupted , may be the cause of pain . 3. An Abcess or Tumour in the Kidneys , following an Inflammation , doth hinder the passage of Urine , and is always accompanied with great pain . 4. It may also be caused by glutinous Phlegm , obstructing the fleshy parts of the Kidneys , and hindring the separation of Urine ; so that it is not strein'd into the Funnels of the Reins as usual , but is deprav'd and vitiated : Whence the natural descent of the Urine , through the Ureters into the urinal Bladder is also hindred . The same also may happen sometimes by a stone sticking in the Funnel , and stopping the entrance of the Ureters . Although I think that Stones sticking in the Ureters themselves , cannot long hinder the passage of Urine ; because it hath been found by experience , ( in dissecting of dead Bodies ) that Stones near the bigness of a Doves-egg ; have been sticking in the Ureters ; by the sides of which Stones , Urine descended freely , which was evident , because the Ureter was no were distended , unless where the Stone did stick : Neither was there any Urine contain'd in the Ureter , above the obstruction ; besides when the Party was living , there was no stoppage of Urine . Those fits which come by intervals , are caused by a debility or vitiousness of the Ferment of the Kidneys , which generates crude , salt and sharp matter , which causeth those cruel Tortures ; and should all the Gravel and Stone come away , the pain would not be the less , untill the Kidneys themselves be reduc'd to their right temper : For many in perfect health have voided much Gravel at a time without the least pain , and therefore it is evident that Gravel is onely the product , and not the producer or primitive cause of this pain . The Symptoms of Nephritick pains are so much like that caused by the Stone , that they cannot be easily distinguished ; for the signs of both are great pain of the Loins , loathing or vomiting , there being a great consent between the Reins and Stomach . The Patient often pisseth bloudy water , and when the Reins are ulcerated , the matter is often evacuated with the Urine . Wherein the force of concreting or growing together of Stones ( in divers parts of the Body ) consists , is not enough known ; I will freely declare what I conjecture in this obscure matter , whereby I may ( according to my power ) the more help others ( that are ingenious ) to search out this hidden truth . All the Stones that are generated in the Body , may be dissolved in the sour Spirit of Salt Peter or Niter ; whence I conclude that the Coagulation of Stones cannot be expected from an acid Spirit as such , therefore from another somewhat contrary to it in part at least . If any consider the several things , that promote the growing together of natural things , they will find that such force is in tart things ; whence the Glutinousness , and Toughness of fluid things is wont to be produc'd ; to which if earthy , and volatile salt parts be join'd , something will be produc'd not much unlike Stones . I incline therefore to this opinion , that an earthy and salt matter , join'd to that which is glutinous , groweth together into Stones by help of a tart humour . Also Gravel of all kinds ( that is usually seen in the bottom of Urine ) testifieth that the conglobated Glandules are all affected , by a frequent external Cold , or else by sour things taken in , and when the Gravel is great it is then near to the Nature of Stones , yea sometimes groweth together into Stones , especially in cold phlegmatick Bodies , where ( for the most part ) it giveth Stones their first rising , and daily cherisheth their production , and increaseth them ; and the more especially where a glutinous , stone-making faculty doth concur in the Body . Many Histories mention , that Stones are produced from a stone-making Spirit , or Breath out of the Earth , which hath turned the Bodies of Men , Beasts and other things into Stone . Riverius , ( in his last edition ) quoteth Aventius Annal. Bavar . lib. 7. Anno 1343. who saith , that above fifty Men , with many Cattle were turned into Stone . Ortelius telleth the like story , that whole Herds in Russia have been turned into Stone . And Camerarius reporteth , that in the Province of Chilo in Armenia , at the blast of a South-wind ( which happeneth four times in a Year ) whole Troops of Horse have been turned into Statues of Stone , standing in the same warlike Posture , in which they were marching . Children are most inclinable to this Monster in Nature , because they have much moisture , and weak digestions , which generate Crudities . Stones are generated in many parts of the Body , as the Gall , Reins , Bladder , &c. I once opened a Woman that had sixty four Stones in her Gall. I also dissected another whose Ureters were stony ; and out of her Gall I took out a large Stone , and a small one ( about the bigness of a Hazle-nut ) out of the Neck of the Gall. 1. These distempers are very dangerous , and bring many sad Symptoms to the afflicted Patient ; as great pain , inflammations , exulcerations , long watchings , weakness , fevers , suppression of Urine , and Death it self . 2. Pain from acrid Lympha , &c. may be cured in those that are young , if the strength be not too much dejected , nor the Disease hereditary . That we may now address our selves to the Cure of these grievous Diseases ; I would advise those who are not very skilfull in the Art of Physick , to forbear giving of any thing in these Distempers , without the Advice of an experienc'd Physician ; for I believe many Stones have been bred in those Bodies ( who before were free from it , and were onely troubled with Nephritick pains ) by the frequent taking of ill Medicines ; for many Remedies have been invented to dissolve the Stone ; but experience teacheth that they are most of them inimical to the Reins and Bladder , and debilitate their Ferment . The solvent of the Stone ought to be homogenious , and so singular , that it submit not to any digestions , or fermental Powers , through which it passeth in its way to the parts affected ; for the Virtue of all common Remedies taken at the Mouth , are alter'd and transmuted in passing three digestions : For acid things , ( from which much hath been hoped ) as soon as they are past the Stomach , lose their acidity , and are converted into a saline Nature , so that the dissolving Power of the acid is wholly transmuted before it gets either to the Reins or Bladder . Likewise those Medicines which are injected into the Bladder with a Syringe , ought to be agreeable to its Ferment , that it may not be painfull thereto ; for if but a small quantity of any sharp Medicine be injected , it stirreth up an intolerable Strangury , it being wholly foreign to the Ferment of the part . And seeing the Stone , and all other Distempers of the Reins and Bladder , are wont to be bred , and increased in length of time ; the Remedies which you administer must be long us'd , before you may have experience of their effects . I will here set down some choice Medicines , not onely to hinder the increase , but to dissolve small Stones in humane Bodies , if they be long enough us'd . Amongst which we may deservedly attribute the first place to Spirit of Niter ( seeing Stones of any kind are so easily and manifestly broken and dissolved by it ) which may commodiously be mixt in any ordinary Drink , or Wine and Broths , &c. to a light acidity ; whose excellent effects all may admire . If the Patient have a costive Body , you may give the following Lenitive three or four times in a week . Take of Cassia newly drawn one ounce ; Venice Turpentine half an ounce ; Crystal prepar'd , Salt of Tartar vitriolated , of each one drachm ; Oil of Juniper , Spirit of salt Armoniack , of each four drops ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it for two doses . The following is also very effectual . Take of Cio-turpentine half an ounce ; Powder of Rhubarb one drachm ; the Yelk of one egg , mix it for two doses ; give it in the morning fasting , and drink four ounces of this Julep after it . Take the Decoction for Syrup of Marsh-mallows one quart ; the waters of Horse-radish , Pellitory of the Wall , Speedwell , Winter-cherries , Syrups of Marsh-mallows and the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Crystal prepar'd , Salt Prunella , of each half an ounce ; tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; Laudanum ten grains ; mix it and give four or five spoonfulls of it often . This Powder is also excellent . Take Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; Powder of Crabs-eyes , Salts of Pigeons-dung , Broom , Beanstalks , Wormwood , of each half a drachm ; mix it , and give twenty grains of it every morning and evening in the foremention'd Julep . If the Patient be plethorick , Phlebotomy may be used with good success . If a Stone chance to stick in the Ureter , which causeth numbness , by its pressing upon the Muscle Psoas , and the Nerves , In this Case , apply a Ventose on os Ilium , which may bring the Stone by degrees into the Bladder ; afterward anoint the parts grieved with Rabbets fat . If the Stone in the Bladder be very big , there is little hopes of dissolving of it , wherefore if the Patient ( being in continual pain ) be willing to submit to Lithotomy ; I advise them to make choice of an experienc'd Artist ; lest by Precipitancy the Operatour neglect to cleanse the Bladder , after the Extraction of the Stone ; by the neglect of which , many have generated the Stone again , and have been forced to endure that dreadfull operation the second , and sometimes the third time , under which many have died , and others who recovered , have never held their Urine . In other Nephritick pains , if the fleshy parts of the Kidneys be obstructed , they may be opened by Diureticks , that cut , attenuate , and make glutinous Phlegm fluid . For example , Take of Eringo-roots , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; the Tops of Agrimony , the greater Celandine , of each two handfulls ; the Berries of Juniper and Winter-cherries , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half be confumed ; then strain it , and add Syrups of Marsh-mallows , and the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls of it every morning and evening . They who like Juleps better , may use this or the like . Take the Waters of Fennel , Parsley , Pellitory of the Wall , of each two ounces ; the carminative Spirit of Sylvius , Syrups of Marsh-mallows , the five opening Roots , of each one ounce ; Oil of Juniper , Spirit of Salt Armoniack , of each ten drops ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops , Laudanum opiat . four grains ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every three or four hours . The Patient may also drink freely of the mineral Diuretick-waters of Tunbridge , &c. which will conduce much to the Cure ; especially if some old Diuretick-wine , and a little oily Volatile Salt ( made of Diuretick , Vegetables ) be mixed with the water . When the glutinous Phlegm is prepar'd , and loosned , it may be educ'd with some convenient Phlegmagogue , either in the form of Pills or Potion , of which there are variety mention'd in page 3. and four , &c. The fixt Sulphurs of Minerals and Metalls , exalted to their highest perfection , do ( before all others ) mildly temper all the humours ; next to which oily Volatile Salts come , and Aromaticks next to these : By the force of which ( prudently us'd ) not onely an effervescency of somewhat contrary Humours ( most agreeable to Man's nature ) is bred in the small Gut , and afterward in the Heart ; but the preternatural growing together , and uniting of the more sharp humours ( being first moderated by them ) is again dissolv'd in the Bloud . I speak these things by experience , and because it is of great moment in practice , I commend them to the truly Studious of Physick . If the Urine be bloudy , it testifieth the opening of some Vessel of Bloud in the Kidneys , Ureters , Bladder , or its Neck . To heal and consolidate this harm the following is excellent . Take the Waters of Parsley , Plantain , of each two ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Mirtles , Comfry , Marsh-mallows , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each ten grains ; Laudanum opiat . three grains ; Spirit of Niter ten drops ; mix it , and give three or four spoonfulls every two hours . If there be an Ulcer in any of these parts , it may perhaps be more happily cur'd by the daily taking of Balsam of Sulphur ( made with the Oil of Amber , Juniper , Anise-seed , or Turpentine ) in any convenient Vehicle , than by any other Medicine hitherto known . In all suppression of Urine , the following is very effectual . Take the Waters of Chamomel , Golden-rod , Winter-cherries , of each four ounces ; Syrups of Marsh-mallows , the five opening Roots , of each two ounces ; Powder of Egg-shells calcin'd one ounce ; Tincture of Salt of Tartar two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give four spoonfulls every three hours . CHAP. XXII . Of Extraordinary Pissing , &c. THIS Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. pertransire , quod urina ureteres , & urethram subito pertransit . It being a quick or plentifull pissing or making of water . The cause is either external , or internal . The external , or primary efficient Cause , is an immoderate drinking of stale Beer , Sider , or acid Wines , either French or Rhenish ; by which an incurable Diabetes hath been ofttimes suddenly contracted . The internal Cause of this Disease , is sharp , serous humours abounding in the Bloud , by which not onely the whole Mass of it doth in time become too thin , but the nervous Juice is also thereby ill affected , and consequently the Reins inflam'd , by the continual flowing of the over acid serous humours : Whence the attractive faculty of the Kidneys is increas'd , drawing the serosity of the Bloud more potently from the emulgent Vessels into the Funnels , and provoking the expulsive faculty , it is soon sent ( through the Ureters ) to the Bladder , from whence it is often evacuated by pissing . The signs are a continual pissing , so that much more moisture is voided , than is taken into the Body , by eating and drinking . It is always accompanied with an extraordinary Thirst ; the sick is also feverish , something like a Hectick . If it continue long , it will decay all the radical moisture of the Body , which will render it incurable , but if it be taken in the beginning , and the Patient be young , it may be easily cured . All things which have power to incrassate the thinness of the Bloud , and temper the over acidity of the humours , may be administred in this Distemper . In the beginning of the Cure , after a stool hath been procured by an emollient Clyster , you may open a Vein in the Arm. The next day a gentle Purge of Rhubarb may be administred ; but if the Stomach be foul , and the sick can vomit easily , you may give an Antimonial Emetick with good success , because it will potently draw the sharp peccant humours from the emulgent Vessels and Reins , and evacuate some of them both by Vomit and Stool . After the Operation of the Emetick , let the sick take two spoonfulls of this Cordial Opiate often , which will ease pain , and thicken the humours . Take the Waters of Barley , red Poppies , of each four ounces ; Cinamon-water , Syrups of Coral , and Comfry , Penidies , of each one ounce ; Gums Arabick and Dragon , of each half an ounce ; Powder of Dragons-bloud , red Coral prepar'd , of each one drachm ; Laudanum opiatum six grains ; let the Gums be dissolved in the distill'd waters , and strained , then mix all together according to Art. You may prescribe this , or such a like Decoction , for the Patient 's ordinary drink . Take the Roots of China , Sarseparilla , Comfry , Plantain , red Sanders , of each two ounces ; Liquorish , red Roses , Hemp-seed , of each one ounce ; Raisins of the Sun stoned four ounces ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in a Gallon of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away , then strain it , and keep it for use . Let the Diet be cooling , and thickning Broths and Jellies made of Knuckles of Veal , with the Roots of China and Comfry boiled in it , is excellent . You may also make Panado's of the aforesaid Broth , with a few Crums of Whitebread , and the Yelk of an Egg. Also milk ( wherein the aforesaid Roots are boiled ) will be very effectual . CHAP. XXIII . Of involuntary Pissing , commonly called pissing in Bed. WHEN the Urine floweth involuntarily ( which in Children is vulgarly called pissing in Bed ) it may be called in Latin urinae incontinentia , pro impotentia sive imbecilitate retinendi . The causes are either external , or internal . The external Cause is a large Wound in the sphincter Muscle of the Bladder , which sometimes happens in Lithotomy ; for by extracting a great Stone , the sphincter Muscle may be so much lacerated , that it ceaseth to be contracted , and the Orifice of the Bladder to be shut , wherefore the Urine distilleth of its own accord . It may be caused internally by the Palsie , Apoplexy , Epilepsie , Syncope , &c. Sometimes Ebriety may be the Cause of the Resolution of the Nerves , which from the Loins are inserted into the Neck of the Bladder , and so render the sphincter Muscle incapable of Contraction ; hence the Urine is involuntarily voided . In Children , this Distemper is curable , if taken in time ; but if it happen to old Folks , or if it be caused by a Wound in the sphincter Muscle of the Bladder , it is incurable . That which is caused by the Palsie , Epilepsie , Syncope , &c. look for the Cure in their proper Chapters . If it be caused by Ebriety , Sobriety may be commended to cure it , especially by the help of inward means to strengthen the parts affected . Many things have been given to Children , that have been troubled with this Distemper ; the most effectual are these . Fried Mice , the inner Skins of Hens-gizzards , Cocks-weasands , Pudenda suilla , Stones of a Hare , Snails with the shells , all or any of these dried and poudred ; also the Powder of Agrimony , Egg-shells , the burnt Ashes of an Hedge-hog , &c. Any of these may be given in red Wine , or in Lime-water chalibeated , which may be dulcifi'd with Syrup of Comfry . If Phlegm do abound in the Body , you may purge it with Phlegmagogues . Also sweating with gentle Diaphoreticks , is very effectual . Those already mention'd are proper , onely consider the Age and Strength of the Patient . CHAP. XXIV . Of the Stoppage of Urine , and the Strangury . THE Stoppage of Urine is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 comprimo , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Urina . 'T is called in Latin Urinoe suppressio . The Strangury is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. urinoe difficultas , vel urinoe per guttas excretionem . Ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stilla , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 urina . These differ onely in degree , for when the Urine is totally obstructed , it may be called Ischuria , but when little is voided , and by drops , it may be called Stranguria . These distempers may be caused by viscous Phlegm , or coagulated Bloud in the Ureters , or Urethra , especially if a Stone , or some Gravel do also stick in the Passage , by which the obstruction will be more strengthned . Sometimes it is caused by a schirrous Tumour , or other excrescency of Flesh , as a Carbuncle , &c. growing in the Urethra , or Chanel of Urine . Sometimes it is caused by a preposterous holding in of the Urine , either , for shame or want of opportunity to evacuate it ; so that the Bladder being extremely fill'd and distended , it hath not power to contract it self , hence the voiding of Urine is supprest . It may also be caused by sharp humours , fretting and ulcerating the internal Superficies of the Bladder , by which it is continually stirred up to contract it self , and expell the Urine which is in it ; so that the Bladder is empty , having little or no Urine in it , as I have known by experience . This may be called a Bastard Ischuria , which may be also caused by some hurt in the attractive or expulsive faculty of the Reins . If the aforesaid Causes be violent , it causeth an Ischuria , but if remiss , then a Strangury is stirred up , in which there is a perpetual Irritation to extrude the Urine , although slowly ; and by drops , with exceeding pain and trouble . Suppression of Urine is dangerous , and if it continue long , it is mortal ; especially if the Patient's Breath stinck of Piss , or hath a Hiccough , or Tenasmus . If the Cause be in the Neck of the Bladder or Urethra stopt , you may clear it , and draw away the Urine with a Catheter , as I have often done both from Men and Women with good success . If the Cause be from the Reins or Ureters , seek the Cure in the Chapter of Nephritick pains , &c. Glutinous Phlegm , and coagulated Bloud , may be cut and attenuated with Aromaticks boild in Water or Wine , and mixed with oily volatile Salts , Spirit of Niter , &c. Stone-Horse dung is rich in Volatile Salt , wherefore if you mix the Juice of it with Rhenish-wine , and drink it often , you will admire its wonderfull effects , in curing not onely Stoppage of Urine , but most other obstructions . Those Diureticks prescrib'd in page 266 , 267. are also very effectual here . Let the Belly and parts affected be anointed with Dears-suet , which will conduce much to give ease . When the Urethra is obstructed by a Caruncle , &c. You must gently thrust in a hollow Instrument made of Lead or Silver , being first anointed with some consolidating Ointment . You may leave the Instrument in , till the fear of a new Closing of the Passage be remov'd . CHAP. XXV . Of the Scalding or Sharpness of Urine . THIS Distemper is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Urina . The causes are either external , or internal . The external Cause may be by the Application of Cantharides , or some other stronger Poison . The internal Causes are sharp , salt and acid humours mixed with the Urine , which do corrode , and ulcerate the internal Superficies of the Bladder , and sphincter Muscle . Sometimes it is caused by sharp Stones , occasioning an Ulcer . If the Bladder , or sphincter Muscle , or the Urethra be ulcerated , it is hard to be cured ; especially if the Patient be old , and the Distemper hath continu'd long , & e contra . If the Bladder or urinal Passage be ulcerated , it may be effectually cured by the Balsam of Sulphur , made with the Oil of Anise-seed , Amber , or Juniper , taken to two or three drops , twice or thrice daily in any convenient Vehicle , especially a vulnerary Decoction , which is most effectual . The salt , acid , corroding humours may be corrected with Crabs-eyes , Perle , &c. and also all volatile oily Salts , taken often ( in a small quantity ) in any refrigerating Diuretick . This Decoction is effectual . Take the Roots of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , of each two ounces ; Lettice , Endive , Purslain , Violets , of each one handfull ; Jujubes , Sebestins , of each one ounce ; Winter-cherries half an ounce ; the four greater Cold-seeds , of each two drachms ; red Roses , Water-lillies , of each half a handfull , let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half of it be boiled away ; then strain it , and add Syrups of red Poppies , Violets , of each two ounces ; Laudanum opiat . ten grains ; Oil of Vitriol ten drops ; mix it , and give three spoonfulls every two hours . An Emulsion of the Cold-seeds , or Chamomel-flowers boiled in Milk , is also very effectual . If the Patient be costive , give emollient Clysters , or gentle Cholagogues , and Hydragogues , to evacuate the peccant humours . Or else you may give a gentle Emetick for Revulsion . If the pain be very great , you may inject an Emulsion ( made of the Cold-seeds ) into the urinal Passage , and anoint the Privities with unguentum Populion , &c. CHAP. XXVI . Of Venereal Affects . THIS Scourge of transgressing Humanity , being as it were a Murrain , or common Destruction to venereous Persons , may be called in Latin Lues venerea , a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 solvo , vel quod Corpus omnino dissolvit , vel quasi luens usque ad nihil . Lues enim ista , pestis est species , vel qualiscunque contagio , quoe homines inficit , debito supplicio scelus luere . The first Knowledge of this pocky intestine Enemy ( at least in the European parts of the World ) was at the Siege of Naples , by the French ; being brought thither ( as some Authours affirm ) by the Spaniards , that came with Christopher Columbus from the West Indies , and they like plaguy Persons that croud to infect others ( contrary to their reserved temper ) being inflam'd with a venereal Itching , and being also free of their flesh , they communicated ( as a great rarity ) this new found foul Distemper , to the Italian Women , which among others they had engrost to themselves from the Animal Indians , in their American Tyrannical Conquests . Many of those poor Creatures being deeply infected with the monstrous Yaws ( so called by the Indians ) from whence this foul Distemper had its first original . Hence it was first called the Neapolitan , and afterward the French disease ; since which time , many of the precipitant youthfull Europeans ( to their great Costs and Pain ) have been punished with this impure venereal Affect . This Itch in spite of Mortals will be catching , ( where there is no fear of God to restrain ) but the beginning natural momentany Pleasure , will often urge a smartfull end ; so that this is the product of that sin of uncleanness , for which God hath pronounced , Hebrews 13. 4. Whore-mongers and Adulterers God will judge . To describe this virulent contagious Disease , It is an universal sour taint of the spermatick parts ; the seed in the spermatick Vessels being first corrupted with a cold indigested Putridness , is sometimes conveyed outward to the groins , infecting the obscene parts with a filthy eating Crusty scab . But if the poisonous malign quality ( gotten by impure Coition ) be transfer'd to the Liver , which is the chief Subject of its more easie invasion , and its special residence ; it must necessarily suffer egregious corruption , from whence the afflicting taint is dispersed into the whole habit of the Body , vitiating and corrupting the Nutrition of every part ; by which the sick becomes wholly cachectick , and the filthy Pox ( without speedy help ) tyrannizing with many malign Symptoms , and afflicting both the body and mind , doth at length hurry the Patient into the pit of silence . The cause is chiefly , the carnal use of venereous Persons . Also Children sucking of those Nurses that are infected , may receive the pollution from the poisonous malignity of the milk . It may also be Hereditary , the seed of venereous Parents being polluted . The most apparent signs , are a dulness of the whole Body , white face , intolerable pain between the joints , especially in the Night , which hindreth sleep ; sometimes Buboes in the Groins , &c. As is before mention'd , also Ulcers , and hard Pustules in many parts of the Body , as Head , Chin , &c. there is sometimes a relaxation of the Uvula , with Hoarsness and Corruption of the Palate , and Tumours of the adjacent Glandulous parts , there is also sometimes a Cariosity of the Skull , and other Bones . Cum multis aliis . 1. It is difficult of Curation , if it hath continu'd long , or the Patient be consumptive ; or if it be in a sucking Infant . 2. If it be Hereditary , 't is incurable ; but if the Patient be young , and newly infected , it may be easily cured . As for the Cure of this filthy Disease , first I advise the Patient to repent from the bottom of the Heart , for this great sin of uncleanness , &c. Then make choice of an honest Physician . The Cure is easiest effected in the Spring , or Fall of the Leaf ; but if necessity urge , you may begin the Cure at any time . First let the Body be prepared , The following Apozeme may serve for Example in most constitutions . Take the five opening Roots , Liquorish , China , of each one ounce ; Cinamon , Anise-seed , Senna , of each half an ounce ; Agarick , Rhubarb , Cream of Tartar , of each two drachms ; let them be cleansed , bruised and boiled in two quarts of Fountain-water , till half be consumed ; then strain it , and add Syrup of Roses solutive four ounces ; Salt of Tartar vitriolated two drachms ; Spirit of Niter twenty drops ; mix it , and give six spoonfulls every two hours . If the Patient be Plethorick open a Vein ; after which you may purge with these or the like Pills . Take of Extractum Rudii , one scruple ; Mercur. dulcis , Salt Armoniack , of each half a scruple ; make it into four Pills , and take them in the Morning . If you perceive by the Excrements , that the Patient's body be very foul , you may administer another Dose of Pills after two days intermission . Then you may prepare the following Decoction , or one like it , to cause sweat , &c. Take of Guiacum , the Roots of China , Sarseparilla , of each one pound ; Raisins of the Sun stoned , Hermodactils , Polypodium , Barks of Guiacum and Sassaphras , of each four ounces ; Juniper-berries , Anise-seed , Liquorish , Elicampane-roots , of each one ounce ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in four Gallons of Rain-water , very hot for the space of a Night ; then boil it gently till a third part be boiled away ; strain it , and keep it for use . Let the sick take four spoonfulls of it , with ten grains of Antimonium diaphoret . every Morning and Evening , for four or five days following , and sweat after it in Bed , or in a Hot-house , or Bagnio , so long as can be well endured . Then omitting a day or two , you may take another Dose of Pills ; then sweat seven days more , after which purge as before ; this doe for forty days , or till the Cure be perfected . You may make a second Decoction of the Ingredients , for ordinary drink . But if the sick have extreme Pains in the Night , ten grains of the following Pills may be given to bed-ward instead of the Decoction . Take Gum of Guiacum two drachms ; Antimony Diaphoretick , Bezoar-mineral , Flower of Brimstone , Diagredium , Mercur. dulcis , humane Bones calcin'd , of each one drachm ; Saffron , Laudanum opiatum , of each half a drachm ; with Syrup of Saffron , make it into a Mass for Pills . If there be a Defluxion of Rheum on the Lungs , you may give ten or twelve drops of Balsam of Sulphur , in a little of the Decoction every Morning , and the like quantity with half a drachm of Venice-treacle every Night ; after which drink four ounces of the aforesaid Decoction , to promote a gentle sweat . You may also make Fontinels in the Arm and Leg with good success . But if the sick be of a hot Constitution , and the Disease be inveterate , and stubborn ; the shortest and best way of Cure will be by salivation . I do not approve of unction with mercurial Ointments , to raise the Flux , nor Turbith-mineral to be given inwardly ; but the safest way is to administer Mercur. dulcis , but let it be well prepared . Then you may give twenty grains of it with a little Diascordium , or Conserves of Roses : give it three or four Mornings successively , and drink a draught of the Diet-drink after it . Also the second Decoction may be sometimes made use of for ordinary Drink , all the time of the Cure ; and warm Posset-drink at other times , when desired . When the Salivation is rais'd , let the sick have a piece of Gold between the teeth ; and keep warm , and continue spitting till the Spittle become insipid , which is commonly in twenty days . In the mean time , wash the Mouth with Plantain-water , and Syrup of Mulberries . When you would abate the spitting , administer a Carminative Clyster , or a Clyster of Milk and Sugar every Night ; and after its operation , give the following Bolus . Take of Diascordium half a drachm ; Gascoigns powder fifteen grains ; Oil of Vitriol two drops ; with Syrup of Poppies make it into a Bolus ; give it at Night going to bed . Pustules , Tumours and Ulcers of the Mouth , Tongue , Gums , or any other Place , will be all easily cured , when the Salivation is over . You may dress the sores with the following Ointment , which is very effectual to cure all Pocky ulcers . Take of Verdigreece , and common Salt , of each two ounces ; powder them , and calcine them together ; then mix it with eight ounces of Unguentum Enulatum . When the filthy Enemy , or Neapolitan disease , is cast out by Salivation , you may sweat the Patient with the Decoction of China , &c. before mention'd , for sometime , as is there directed . Let the Diet be drying ; rost Meat is better than boil'd . Mutton , Chickens , Partridges , Rabbets , &c. are all good Food . When strength doth begin to increase , Bread and Raisins may be eaten . The greater Symptoms of this Disease , are the Running of the Reins , Nodes , Caruncles , &c. The Running of the Reins is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 semen , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo , it being a Flux of natural Seed of Man or Woman unwittingly . If the Gonorrhoea be virulent , it is a praeludium to the Pox , and must be cur'd the same way ; but if it be newly contracted , it may wholly and most safely be absolved by purgation . The same Apozeme , and purging Pills , before mention'd , are very proper , which must be continu'd till the Running of the Reins cease . If the Patient be plethorick , let a Vein be opened . To strengthen the spermatick parts , the following Balsamick Pills are effectual . Take of Mummy , Bole Armenick , Gums Dragon and Arabick , of each one ounce ; Balsam of Sulphur two drachms ; with Syrup of dried Roses , make it into a Mass for Pills , of which you may give half a drachm every Morning and Evening . If there be Nodes , Caruncles or Ulcers in the urinary Passage , The following Medicine may be daily injected . Take the Water of the Spawn of Frogs four ounces ; Honey of red Roses one ounce ; white Troches of Rhasis one drachm ; powder the Troches , and mix all together for an Injection . After injection , put in an hollow Instrument made of Silver or Lead , being first anointed with some consolidating Ointment , as was directed in the Stoppage of Urine . I do not approve of Astringents in the Beginning of the Cure of a Gonorrhoea , till the Patient be well purged , and the running begin to cease ; because all Astringent means conduce to prolong the Distemper ; but after the Cause is eradicated by purging , then they may be safely administred , if the Cure be not effected without it . To prevent the Return of the Distemper , I advise the Patient to purge , and bleed every Spring and Fall. Also keep a good Diet , be moderate in Exercise , and all other of the nonnatural things . When thou art recovered , give God the Praise ; and have a care of committing the like sin again , lest a worse thing befall thee ; for it is a fearfull thing to fall into the Hands of the Living God. Hebr. 10. 31. CHAP. XXVII . Of the Rachites , or Rickets . THIS Disease may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . It may be called in Latin morbus spinalis , it being a Disease of the Spine of the Back . This spinal Disease is commonly called in English Rickets . It is peculiar to Children , because they abound with a crude phlegmatick matter ; for if they labour under a cold moist Distemper , there is presently a Penury and Paucity of the Animal Spirits ; for the Brain , cerebellum , and spinalis medulla , being more compact than is wont , is unfit for percolation , so that the most spirituous part of the Bloud cannot pierce , or be strein'd through it : Hence the separation of the Animal Spirits is diminisht . For the aforesaid cold , moist , phlegmatick Humours , compacting the soft substance of the Brain , &c. it is thereby too much thickned and straitned in its porous passages . The coldness of Air , Water , or Snow , vehemently affecting the Head , seems to confirm and prove this opinion ; because when the Glandules of the Brain are affected and thickned by a stuffing of the Head with Coldness , then a more sparing production of the Animal Spirits useth to follow . The essence of this Disease consists not onely in the Animal , and vital , but natural Constitution also , all the Functions being ( in time ) vitiated : For the spinalis medulla being primarily affected , all the Nerves which proceed from it ( in its passage through the spina Dorsi ) must of necessity be stupifi'd , and vitiated with a loose Feebleness ; hence also all the nervous , membranous , and fibrous parts , through which those Nerves are carried , or inserted into , must consequently be vitiated with an inward weak Slipperiness ; so that the very ends of the bones , as well as all the Faculties of the Body , bear a share in this Distemper . When the Rickets is confirm'd in Infants , it seems to have some affinity with divers other Diseases , viz. a Chronical fever , an extenuation or leanness of the Body , and an Hydrocephalus , and many more , which are frequently complicated with this affect . And indeed not onely this , but most other Diseases ( in process of time ) do unite unto themselves other affects of a different kind , and therefore ( for the most part ) there is a complication of Chronical diseases before Death . The Causes are either external , or internal . The external may be any of the Non-naturals exceeding , either in excess or defect . All things cold and moist do powerfully contribute to this Disease , especially an over cold and moist Air , which is most frequent in the Spring ; the Air being then cloudy , thick , rainy , and full of vaporous Exhalations . Hereupon the Children of those which inhabit near the Banks of the Sea , or great Rivers , Ponds or Marshes ; ( that are obnoxious to too much Rain , or are fed with a great Number of Springs ) are more or less subject to this affect ; for by the Continuance of such cold and moisture , the Bloud and Humours becomes too slippery , and therefore ( in their Circulation ) they must unavoidably cause a softness and looseness in all the parts . Also experience testifieth that those Children which are born , and nursed near the Lead-mines in Derby-shire , &c. are generally affected more or less with a languidness of the Limbs . For the Air being infected with noxiousmetalline Exhalations , which ( for the most part ) fight against the inherent Spirits of the parts , by a kind of venemous malignity ; by which the spirituous pulsificative Force of the external parts is extinguished , and the strength of the Limbs , and whole Body much weakned and diminish'd . Hither we may also refer fine soft Linen , applied actually cold and moist , ( being not well dried by reason of the moistness of the weather ) to the Spine of the Back , which is near the Original of the Nerves ; the use thereof being too long continu'd , it cherisheth the Roots of this Disease in that tender Age. Likewise Aliments of any kind , which are too moist and cold ; or too thick , viscous and obstructive , do manifestly cherish this Distemper . And I am induced to believe that Ebriety in English people , especially the Gentry ; and eating of much Flesh ; and not using frequent labour , or exercise , may be a reason why this Disease is more common and natural to Children in England , than in other Regions , perhaps far exceeding it both in cold and moisture ; as Scotland , Holland , &c. wherein this affect hath not been observ'd to be very common . And therefore ebriety and eating of much Flesh , and defect of motion , and want of exercise doth most frequently , and most effectually concur to the production of it ; because the inherent heat ( in stupid and sluggish People ) is not sufficient to resist and expell the superfluous moisture by a due transpiration : By which means the Circulation of the Bloud is become slow and lesned , and the production of the vital heat very feeble , and weak ; so that nature is thereby forced to permit all the parts of the Body to be affected with a certain softness , looseness , and internal lubricity , more than is meet ; which do sufficiently evince , that this is an efficacious cause , and a part of the essence of this Disease . Hence we may easily infer that the Children of such Parents are more inclined to this distemper , than others who drink moderately , and eat less Flesh , and are more active and lively . The internal Causes , are excrementitious Humours luxuriant in the Body , especially Phlegm and serous humours retained , and vitiated , being naturally cold and moist , and little spirituous , and affected with an internal slipperiness , wherefore upon a superfluous accumulation of these humours , the production of this affect succeedeth ; because thereby a Colliquation of the parts , and a dissipation of the inherent Spirits will be easily introduced ; whereby all the parts will afterwards be rendred obnoxious to this cold and moist Distemper . Many diseases preceding this affect , may be the cause of it ; especially those which do extenuate , and much weaken the Body , as all Fevers , &c. And also all cold and moist , phlegmatick , and cachochymick Distempers , which will induce a stupour and dulness in the affected parts , and cause obstructions . Also any great Pain , Inflammation , Tumour , Fracture , Luxation , or any other preternatural affect , that hinders the standing and playing of the Child , may be some cause of this Disease . Presently after the beginning of the Disease , a kind of slothfulness and numbness doth invade the Joints , and by little and little is increased , so that daily they are more and more averse from motion ; besides in the beginning of this affect , there is usually observ'd , a certain laxity , softness , and flaccidity of all the first affected parts ; after which followeth a great debility , languidness , and enervation of all the parts subservient to motion ; so that ( for the most part ) they speak before they walk , which is vulgarly held to be a bad Omen ; and if it vehemently increase , they do not onely totally lose the use of their Feet , but can scarce sit with an erected posture , and their weak and feeble Neck can hardly sustain the Burthen of the Head. In the progress of the Disease , the Head and Face increaseth in bigness , but the fleshy parts below the Head , are daily more and more worn away . There is also observ'd in this affect , certain swellings , and knotty excrescencies about some of the Joints ; these are chiefly conspicuous in the Wrists , and somewhat less in the Ancles , and in the tops of the ribs ; the Bones in the Armes and Legs , and sometimes the Thighs , and Shoulder-bones wax crooked ; the Teeth come forth slowly , and with greater trouble than usual , and at length the Breast becomes narrow , and the Abdomen swollen , with an extension of the Hypochondriacal parts , which hindreth the free motion of the Diaphragma downwards ; and by consequence doth somewhat interrupt the breathing , so that respiration becomes difficult , accompanied with coughing , the Pulse being also weak and small ; and in the increase of the Disease , all these signs become more intense and evident , and many , and more grievous , are daily accumulated . 1. If this Disease be light and gentle , the Children affected therewith may be easily restored to health ; sometimes by the sole benefit of Age , the vital heat being increased , and summoned forth to the external parts by the force of frequent exercises . But if it so vehemently prevaileth , that the increase thereof cannot be prevented by the best internal means , and also most prudent applications , then there is imminent danger . 2. If it proceed from other Diseases , or be complicated with them , it will be the more difficult of curation ; especially if the Bones of the Armes , and Legs be crooked , and there be great bending and tumour of the Joints of the Wrists , Ancles and Ribs . But if the Symptoms decline , and the Child do easily endure agitation , and have often eruptions in the Skin , as Wheals , Pimples , or Itch , then there is great hopes of recovery . 3. If they be not cured in five years , they will grow deformed and crooked , and ( for the most part ) will become dwarfs , and live sickly , being either Cachectick , or Phthisical , till death do put a Period to their miserable Life . As for the Cure of this disease , both the Child and Nurse must keep a good diet which is easie of Concoction . In the mean time you must not neglect the best Chyrurgical and Pharmaceutical means which will most conduce to the speedy recovery of the weakly Infant . Universals being premised , the most effectual and approved Chyrurgical means in this affect , are Incision or Scarification of the Ears , and little Fountains or Issues ; although many more may be used , viz. Frixions , Blisters , Ligatures , &c. Incision or Scarification in the Ears , is to be performed on the Ridge , in the inside of the Ear above the hole ; which must be stopt to hinder the Bloud passing into it . This Operation must be often repeated , at least once or twice in a month ; which hath proved successull when many other remedies have been ineffectual . And here it may be noted , that Scarification being made in that place , must needs be of greater efficacy than if it were instituted in any other part of the Ear , or elsewhere . 1. First , Because the beginning of the fifth pair of Nerves is near that place , many of their Branches being distributed through the hollow of the Ear , and are thence conveyed into the Spinalis medulla , from whence it shooteth out little Branches which accompany the Nerves of the marrow of the Back , to the ends of the very Legs and Feet ; as many ingenious Anatomists have accurately observ'd . Wherefore Scarification being there made , it is probable , that the matter ( which commonly oppresseth the very beginning of that Nerve ) is immediately evacuated , by which it is freed from obstruction ; and having also gotten vigour ( being excited by the pain and Inflammation ) it driveth out all stupidness from within it ; by which means the Branches of the Nerves from thence arising , which are communicated to the Spinalis medulla , and many other parts may be in some measure excited also . 2. Because by this means , there is a particular evacuation of the Head , which is wont to be oppressed with fullness in this affect . Besides , the Bloud being somewhat lesned , the thickness and toughness thereof must thereby be corrected ; and ( by consequence ) an equal distribution of it promoved to a more regular nourishment of the parts . Issues in the Neck are also much approved in this disease , because they very much conduce to lessen the unusual magnitude of the Head , and to evacuate the superfluous watriness thereof , and repress the inordinate increase of the bones ; also it manifestly drieth up the too much humidity of the spinal Marrow , exciteth heat , strengthens the Nerves , and expelleth the astonishment . As for the Pharmaceutical or Physical means , you must be sure to cleanse the first passages either by Clysters , Vomits or Lenitive purgations . When the Belly is Costive and the excrements are hardned , or some flatuous humours afflict the Bowels with vehement pain , then Clysters are chiefly required ; and they may also be injected before any preparation , Vomit or Lenitive purgation . I need not prescribe any forms , because a little Milk and Sugar , with a few Anise-seeds boiled in it may serve . Also an Emollient or Carminative Clyster ( that is gentle ) may be injectrd when there is occasion . Emeticks if well prepared , and prudently administred are very efficacious , and will conduce much to the Cure. And here I again commend Antimonial Vomits before all others . 1. First , because they not onely powerfully evacuate Crude or corrupt humours , and all manner of impurities contained in the Stomach by Vomit ; but by an agitation and commotion , raised in all the parts , especially in the Bowels , they loosen the gross and viscous humours adhering to the Guts , and convey them through their many involutions and labyrinths , by which they are expelled by Stool ; in which respect they are also profitable against torments of the Colick , and very conducible to unlock obstructions . 2. They most effectually irritate the expulsive faculty of all the parts of the Body , by which they compell forth the hidden and unappearing causes of diseases , especially of intermitting Fevers ; for by the very straining to Vomit , the Guts are also instimulated to cast out by siege ; the Liver poureth away the Choler by the Biliar pore ; the juice of the Pancreas is voided into the small Guts ; the Spleen perhaps doth unburthen its excrement into the Stomach ; the Kidneys exern through the Ureters ; the Lungs by a strong Cough eject their Phlegm through the Wind-pipe ; the Head emptieth it self of salt waterish Rheums by the Palate , Nostrils and Eyes ; finally the whole Body ( for the most part ) is rendred more prone to a Diaphoresis , either by a manifest sweating , or else by insensible transpiration . If any are afraid of Antimonial preparations ( though most safe and potent ) they may administer Salt of Vitriol , from five to ten grains , either in Posset-drink or any other convenient Vehicle . Also the following may be safely administred . Take the clarified Juice of Asarabacca half a drachm ; Syrup of the Juice of Sorrel two drachms ; mix it , and give it in the morning fasting . But here we may note , that vomiting is not to be provoked in very weak Children , unless they are naturally apt to Vomit , and the humours tend upwards of their own accord , and they easily indure it ; and then they ought to be gentle and given in a small dose . Those that are averse to vomiting may take lenitive Catharticks , which must be made pleasant and potable , that the young Patient may not loath the taking of them . Manna , Syrup of Cichory with Rhubarb , Syrup of Violets and Syrup of Roses solutive are all good pleasant medicines ; which you may mix according to your discretion , in any proper distill'd water , or in the decoction of sennoe Gereonis . The following drink is of excellent virtue , and will conduce much to the Cure of this disease . Take of Anise-seed , the Barks of Ash , Ivie , Tamarisk , Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , the Roots of Sassaphras , Liquorish , China , Sarseparilla , Butterbur , of each half an ounce ; Mace one drachm ; let them be cleansed , bruised and infused in two quarts of small Ale for two or three days ; then strain it out very strongly , and bottle it up for the Child 's ordinary drink . In the Cure you must endeavour to resist all symptoms , as Fluxes , Worms , Venereal affects , breeding Teeth with great pain , &c. In any Flux , Gripes or urgent pain , you may give half a grain of Laudanum opiat . dissolved in any convenient Vehicle , so often as necessity urgeth . If Worms or venereal affects be fear'd , you may sometimes adminster this gentle purging Bolus . Take of Mercur. dulcis six grains ; Diagredium , Rezin of Jallop , of each three grains ; with Syrup of Roses solutive , make it into a Bolus ; give it in the morning fasting . In your Broths and Panadoes , you may boil Harts-tongue , Ceterach , Liver-wort , Maiden-hair , Sage , the Bark of Tamarisk , red Sanders , Saffron , the Roots of China , and Sarseparilla , &c. but let all things be made acceptable to the Palate . All kinds of exercise unto which Children are accustomed , may be usefull in their time and season ; as Rocking , Going , Swinging , Playing , &c. Also Frixions are excellent , in which begin at the Spina dorsi , and rub with a course warm linen Cloth , and also under the Short-ribs , and afterwards all other parts ; let it be done gently , to cherish and incite the natural and vital heat , and attract the Nourishment to the affected parts . External Medicines may be also applied , to strengthen the weak parts , as Emplasters , Ointments , &c. These forms may serve for Example . Take Ointments of the opening Juices , Tobacco , Marsh-mallows ; Oils of Capers , Wormwood , Elder , Earth-worms , Bricks , Balsam of Peru , of each half an ounce ; mix it . With which let the weak parts be anointed with a warm hand , before a Fire . Take the Plasters Nervinum , De minio , ad Herniam , of each one ounce ; the Carminative Plaster of Sylvius , Balsam of Peru , of each two drachms ; mix it , and spread it on thin Leather . It may be applied to the Back , or any other weak part after anointing . If the Lungs be affected , anoint the Breast with the following Ointment . Take the pectoral Ointment two ounces ; Oil of Mace by expression , Oil of Violets , of each half an ounce ; mix it . After which apply a Plaster . They that desire more variety of Medicines , &c. let them peruse that excellent and learned tract of the Rachites written by the famous Doctours and Fellows of the College of Physicians at LONDON . Ornari res ipsa negat , contenta doceri . CHAP. XVIII . Of the Gout , and Rheumatism . THE Gout is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Articulus , quod Articulos infestet ; hence it is called in Latin Articularis morbus , it being a Disease of the Joints . This is a general Name for all Gouts , or when all or most of the Joints are affected . But when any particular Joint is infested with a Gouty distemper , it doth from thence take its denomination . For if it invadeth the Jaw-bones , it may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 maxilla , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 soevio , quod maxillarum usum impediat . It being ( for the most part ) accompanied with a fierce and cruel Pain . And so likewise if it invade any of the rest of the Joints . If the Vertebroe of the Neck , &c. be affected , it may be termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 collum , vel cervix , &c. That which molests the Shoulders , may be fitly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 humerus . &c. If it affects the Collar-bones , you may call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 clavis , vel clavicula , &c. That in the Elbow may be termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cubitus , &c. The Gout in the Hand is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 manus , &c. That in the Hip may be called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coxa , &c. quod ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lumbus . In Latin Coxendicum dolor , quod coxendices proecipue infestat . If it be in the Knee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 genu , &c. If in the Foot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pes , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 soevio , Quod pedum usum impediat , which may be added to every particular . This and all other Gouts are most commonly accompanied with a fierce , cruel , tormenting pain ; and thus much , if not too much of the Names of the Gout . The Causes are either external , or internal . The external Causes are Gluttony , Drunkenness , immoderate Venery , Idleness , external Cold , and excess or defect of any of the non-naturals . The internal Cause of all Arthritick pains , is the Juice of the Pancreas too acid and sharp , which raiseth a vitious Effervescency with Choler , &c. whereby a Fermental sharpness is increased ; and when it is exorbitant , it is sent forth into the extreme parts , and meeting with that seedy Glue , which is between the Joints , doth not onely affect it with its fermental Acrimony , but is also the grand Cause of the virulent tormenting pain and inflammation in the part affected . But seeing the pains are different , not onely in divers People sick of this Distemper , but also the Pains of the Gout are divers in the same sick party , we must therefore , as well by reason as experience , search into the true Cause thereof . Therefore in as much as the present molesting pains , are not always freed with the same medicines , no not in the same fit ; much less all that are Gouty . We may hence consider that divers humours , as Choler , Phlegm , &c. are diversly mixt and fermented with the Juice of the Pancreas , which is peccant in a sour Acrimony , being the primary Cause of all Gouts . And here we may note , that this over acid humour doth molest the sick ( chiefly in the beginning of the fit ) with a corroding pain ; but after a while , when Choler ( by its exceeding heat ) hath gotten the Predominancy , it causeth a divers burning pain , according to the diversity of its faultiness . But if viscous Phlegm be predominant , the pain is much dull'd , and the motion of the part hinder'd with a phlegmatick Tumour , rather than an acute pain ; which ought to be accurately observ'd by every ingenious Artist . When the Gouty humour hath invaded any joint , there is presently an unusual heat , and more exquisite sense in it , than formerly , so that the least touch of any hard thing doth hurt the part ; and the longer it continues , the more the Pain increaseth , with redness and swelling of the part affected , and most commonly attended with a Symptomatical Fever . 1. The Gout is a Chronical disease , attended with violent Pain , but is seldom mortal , except in very weak Bodies that are much decay'd by Sickness , or old Age. 2. If it continue long , till the Joints are knotty , it is incurable , according to Ovid , Tollere nodosam nescit medicina Podagram . But if there be no Knots in the Joints , and the Patient is laborious , and the Body is ( for the most part ) soluble , and there be swelling of the Veins called Varices , then it may be happily cured . 3. If it becomes habitual to the sick , the morbifick Idea is implanted in the vital Spirit , and transfer'd through the seed , which makes it Hereditary . The Cure of the Gout will consist , 1. First in defending the afflicted Joints , as well against future Pain , as freeing them from that which doth molest at present . 2. In the universal amendment of the juice of the Pancreas . 3. In the correcting and evacuation of the vitious Choler . 4. In the altering and diminishing of Phlegm any way peccant . To asswage the present Pain I commend the following Medicaments , which will conduce much to mitigate the sharpness of the acrimonious humours in all Gouty people , and ease the part affected . When there is excessive heat , you may bathe the Gouty part with this Fomentation very hot , with wollen Stuphs , which must be often renewed . Take the Waters of the Spawn of Frogs , Fumitory , Elder , of each one quart ; Vinegar of Mary-golds one pint ; Opium , Camphire , of each half an ounce ; mix it according to Art. But when the Pain is more corroding than burning , I commend the following to be used as the former . Take of Treacle-water half a pint ; the Waters of the Spawn of Frogs , Parsley , of each one quart ; Opium , Camphire , of each half an ounce ; mix it . After Bathing with either of these ; apply this Cataplasm . Take Powders of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , Flax-seed , Barley-meal , of each four ounces ; new Milk three pints ; boil it to the Consistence of a Pultess , and add Oils of Flax-seed , Earthworms , the Ointment Martiatum , of each three ounces : Camphire half an ounce ; mix it according to Art. Where exceeding heat doth concur , and the Body abounds with sharp Choler ; instead of sweet Milk , you may substitute Butter-milk . Also a Pultess made of the Crums of White-bread , new Goats or Cows milk and Saffron , with Oil of Lin-seed , and Earth-worms , may be deservedly commended , to asswage any Pain . If the sick be very phlegmatick , and impotency of motion doth afflict , more than pain ; then Opiats may be omitted , and things more Aromatical may be used in all external Applications . The following Pultess , or one like it , may serve for Example . Take the Powders of Orris-roots ; the Flowers of Chamomel , and Elder , Cummin-seeds , Barley-meal , of each four ounces ; the Tops of Wormwood , Mints , of each four handfulls ; boil them in two quarts of water of the Spawn of Frogs , to the Consistence of a Pultess ; when it is almost cold , add Treacle-water , Oils of Chamomel , Earth-worms , of each three ounces ; mix it . Also the Root of Briony , and Cuckow-pintle bruised , and made into a Pultess with Cow-dung is excellent . If you add Volatile Salts of Animals , or Vegetables to your Medicines , whether Fomentations , Cataplasms , or Ointments , they will be the more effectual . You may prepare an excellent Volatile Salt of Earth-worms ( of great Virtue ) for the Gout , which may be resolved into Liquour by fermentation , and putrefaction . If the Gouty Patient do abound with Phlegm , or the Juice of the Pancreas exceed in an acid Acrimony causing a corroding Pain ; it may happily be mitigated and remov'd with Balsam of Sulphur made with Oil of Amber , with which let the grieved part be embrocated , and it will forthwith raise a very hot Effervescency , which will presently cease again , and remove the great Pain in a moment , even to admiration . After the pain is over , you may apply one of the former Cataplasms , or some Anodyne Ointment , to comfort , and ( by degrees ) restore again the membranous parts . The following Linament may serve for Example . Take Oils of Earth-worms , Scurvigrass , Saint John's-wort , of each one ounce ; Chymical Oils of Rosemary , Rue , of each twenty drops ; mix it . Afterwards , you may apply a Plaster of De minio cum sapona . In the mean time , inward means ( to take away the Cause , and ease the pain ) must not be neglected . If the Patient have a plethorick Body , after a Stool hath been procured , by a Carminative Clyster , with Electuar . Caryocostinum , &c. Let a Vein be opened . Bloud drawn from the Vena poplitis , or sciatica Vein , hath been succesfull in the sciatica . But Leeches applied to the Hemorrhoidal veins , are effectual in all Gouts . Two or three days after bleeding , you may administer the following Pills . Take of Pills Hermodactils , faetidae , ex duobus , Mercur. dulcis , of each one scruple ; mix it for two doses , and give them in the Morning fasting . Or you may give half a drachm or two scruples of pul . Arthriticus in any convenient Vehicle . But if the sick be inclining to vomit , administer an Antimonial Emetick . You may purge and bleed so often as you see occasion . Issues near the part affected , and also to raise Blisters upon the part , have been found by experience to be very effectual . Also bathing and sweating in nitrous or sulphurous Baths , either natural or artificial , are much approv'd of . That which is prescrib'd in the Chapter of the Belly-ach , is very effectual , which may be used , as is there directed . I might fill a Volume with receipts against the Gout , but I shall onely commend the following water or spirit to be often taken inwardly in any fit Vehicle , the quantity of half a spoonfull at a time . Take the Roots of Orris , Angelica , Saffaphras , of each two ounces ; the Tops of Ground-pine , Penny-royal , Sage , Mother of Time ; the Flowers of Saint Johns-wort , Chamomel , Prim-roses , Rosemary , Lavender , of each three handfulls ; the Berries of Bays and Juniper , of each one ounce ; Castor two drachms ; let them be all cleansed , bruised and infused in six quarts of Spirit of Earth-worms compound for the space of twenty four hours , then distill it in an Alembick according to Art. The Rheumatism is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluo ; it being a distillation of Rheumatick humours , not onely affecting the Joints , but the adjacent parts , yea sometimes the whole Body ; especially the Muscles , Membranes , and Periostium of the Thighs , Legs , and Hip-bones . The humour is of a very malign Nature , and soon causeth a Cariosity of the Bones , if it be not prevented . The Cause is the same with the Gout , but sharper . 'T is seldom mortal , but may be of long continuance , with great Pain , so that the Sick cannot endure to be touched . In the Cure of this Distemper , Phlebotomy must be often repeated , and carminative Clysters often administred . Foment the pained parts with stale Urine ( made very hot ) wherein Castle-sope is dissolved ; after which anoint with this following . Take Spirit of Salt Armoniack , Oils of Guiacum , Bricks , of each two ounces ; in which dissolve Opium one ounce ; Spanish Sope four ounces ; then add Oil of Roses six ounces , and make it a Linament according to Art. If you would have it for a Plaster , you may add so much Empl. de minio to it , as will give it a sufficient Consistency . The Medicines and Directions prescrib'd in the Cure of the Gout , are also proper here . From these few observations , it will not be very difficult to select other choice Medicines out of the writings of Practitioners , to cure both the Gout and Rheumatism . To prevent a Relapse , purge and bleed Spring and Fall , and keep a good Diet , and use moderation in all things . I have now finisht this little Tract , or Manual of Physick , which I have written for the common good ; not onely to serve young Beginners of the Art of Physick , but also for the sake of the sick themselves . GOD grant that it may prove succesfull , and tend to the good of them both . Now unto the onely wise God and our Saviour Jesus Christ with the Holy Ghost our Comforter ; three Persons , and one God , be ascribed , and given all Laud , Honour , Glory and Dominion , from this time forth , and for evermore . Amen . POSTSCRIPT . HAving often prescrib'd the Carminative Spirit of Sylvius , and also his preservative water against the Plague , and his Carminative Plaster , &c. I will here give you the Receipts of them in English , that you may make them for your own use , as you see occasion . The Carminative Spirit of Sylvius . Take Angelica-root two drachms ; the Roots of Masterwort , and Galangal , of each three drachms ; the Tops of Rosemary , sweet Marjoram , Garden-rue , Centaury the less , Basil , of each one handfull ; Bay-berries six drachms ; the Seed of Angelica , Lovage , and Anise-seed , of each an ounce ; Ginger , Nutmegs , Mace , of each half an ounce ; Cinamon one ounce and half ; Cloves , Orange-peel , of each two drachms . All these things being grosly bruised , pour thereon Spirit of Malaga or Spanish-wine six pints . Digest them two days in Balneo Marioe , and draw off all the Spirit . You may pour upon what remains the same quantity of Spirit of Wine ; and after two days digestion , draw it off as before , which may be kept apart , as weaker than the former , but of much virtue to discuss Wind. Aq. Prophylactica , or the Preservative-water against the Plague . Take the Roots of Angelica , and Zedoary , of each one ounce ; Roots of Butter-bur two ounces ; the Leaves of Garden-rue four ounces ; of Baum , Scabious , Marigold-flowers , of each two ounces ; unripe Wall-nuts cut two pound ; new Pome-citrons cut one pound ; bruise them all together , then pour on twelve pints of the best Wine-vinegar , distill'd by it self to three fourth parts in Sand in a Glass cucurbit , then digest them all Night , in the Morning distill the water with a slow Fire . This gratefull Medicine may be mixt with ordinary drink , broth or any decoction or Cordial Julep , &c. to a gratefull acidity , for any that are sick , to take away thirst , and to promote a mild Sweat. The Plaster of Sylvius discussing Wind. Take gum Galbanum , Bdellium and Amoniacum , of each half an ounce ; Male-frankincense , red Mirrh , of each two drachms ; Opium of Thebes one drachm ; dissolve them in Vinegar of Squills , and when they are again thickned , add yellow Wax , Coloph●ny , of each three drachms ; natural Balsam , Oil of Bricks , of each one drachm ; Oil of Earth-worms half a drachm ; distill'd Oil of Caraway a scruple ; Venice Turpentine what sufficeth to make it into a Plaster according to Art. This egregious Plaster may be spread upon soft Leather , first form'd according to the shape and greatness of the Tumour to be dissolv'd . The Cholagogue , Electuary , or Diaprunum of Sylvius . Take the Pulp of Prunes sourish-sweet , ten ounces ; Powder of Cream of Tartar , best Scammony , of each two ounces ; Powder of Rhubarb ten drachms ; Cinamon half an ounce ; yellow Sanders two drachms ; refin'd Sugar a pound ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. The Hydragogue Electuary of Sylvius . Take of Juniper-berries boild in water exprest , and reduc'd to the Consistency of a Pulp ; the Pulp of Tamarinds , of each four ounces ; Powder of Jallop-root one ounce and half ; Diagredium one ounce ; sharp Cinamon , sweet Fennel-seeds , of each two drachms ; clarifi'd Sugar ten ounces ; make it into an Electuary according to Art. The Dose of either of these Electuaries , is from two drachms to half an ounce ; they are gently effectual , and no ungratefull Medicines ; they may be dissolv'd in any convenient distill'd water , as Parsley , Fennel , &c. or it may be taken by it self in the manner of a Bolus . FINIS . ADVERTISEMENTS . THIS is to give notice to all Persons , chiefly country Physicians and Chyrurgeons , that all the Medicines prescrib'd in this Book , are faithfully prepared by the Authour hereof , and may be always had of him at reasonable rates , without Adulteration , or any other Deceits . ALL sorts of Chymical preparations , are faithfully prepared without the least Sophistication or Adulteration , and to be sold at reasonable rates , by Christopher Pack Chymist , at the Globe and Furnaces in the Postern , by More-gate , where a Catalogue may be had Gratis . An Interpretation of certain hard Words , which you shall meet with unexplained in this Treatise . A. ABdomen , All that part of the Belly , which is between the Ribs and the Privy members , consisting of Skin , Fat and Muscles . Abcess , an Impostume , or gathering of ill Humours to one part of the Body , and there drawn to a Head. Abstersive , a cleansing Medicine . Acerbity , Sourness . Acid , eager , sour , or sharp . Acrimony , Sharpness . An acute Disease is a sharp Sickness , which doth quickly either dispatch or deliver the Sick. Aetites , the Stone with Child , found in an Eagles-nest . Affected part , the part grieved , or distempered . Alchimy , the Art of melting or dissolving Metals , &c. and separating the pure from the impure . Alexiterion , Alexipharmacum , a preservative Medicine against Poison , and Infection . Amputation , the cutting off of a Member . Amulet , any thing hanged about the Neck . Anatomy , the Trunk of a dead Body , from whence all the Flesh , Sinews , &c. is cut off , and nothing remaining but the bare Bones . Anodyne , appeasing Pain . Antidote , a Preservative against Poison and Infection . Antimonial , made of Antimony . Anus , the Fundament . Apertion , an Opening . Apophlegmatism , a Medicine which chewed , draweth Phlegm and other Humours out of the Head , and voideth them at the Mouth . Apoplexy , a general Palsie of the whole Body . Apozeme , a thin Decoction of Herbs . Aromaticks , Medicines made of Spice . Arteries , hollow Vessels , wherein the vital Bloud , and Spirits are contained , which causeth the Pulse , as you may feel at the Wrists , &c. Arthritick pains , the Gout or any other Pain of the Ioints . Aspera Arteria , the Wind-pipe . Astrictive , Astringent , which hath Power to bind . B. BAlneo , Bath . Balsamick , Healing , of the Nature of Balsam . Bechical , easing the Cough . Bile , Choler . Bolus , a Lump , a Morsel . Bronchia , the Gristles of the Wind-pipe . Bubo , a Sore about the Groin . C. CAchexy , ill habit of Body . Cacochymy , ill Iuice in the Body . Calcinate , to burn into Ashes . Capillary , as small as a Hair. Carbuncle . a Plague-sore . Cardiack , Cordials . Cariosity , Rottenness . Carminative , that cleanseth the Body of Wind. Cartilage , a Gristle . Caruncle , a little Piece of Flesh. Catagmatical , Medicines to cure broken Bones . Cataplasm , a Pultess . Cataract , a Disease of the Eyes . Catarrh , a Rheum . Cathartick , a purging Medicine . Catheretick , a Medicine to consume supersluous Flesh. Cauterize , to burn or sear . Cephalicks , Med. for the Head. Cerebellum , the little Brain . Chalybeate , red-hot Steel in any thing . Chylus , a white Iuice coming of the Meat digested in the Stomach . Cholagogue , a Medicine that purgeth Choler . Chronical , staying long . Coliries , Medicines for sore Eyes . Colliquation , a Dissolving . Coriza , a snottish Rheum . Crisis , Iudgment . Cuticula , the Scarf-skin . Cystick passage , the Passage of the Choler from the Gall. D. DEfluction , a flowing down of Humours , Delirium , Dotage , Light-headed . Desiccative , a drying Medicine . Diaphragma , the Midriff . Diaphoretick , a sweating Cordial . Diaphoresis , Evaporation by sweat . Diarrhea , a Flux or Lask . Diastole , Dilatation of the Heart , &c. Diuretical , causing Urine . Dormative , to cause sleep . Ducts , little Pipes for Water , &c. Dura mater , the strongest Skin encompassing the Brain . Dysentery , the Bloudy-flux . Disuria , scalding of Urine . E. EFfervescency , a working , a fermenting . Elixir , a Quintessence . Embrocate , to bedew . Embryon , an imperfect Child in the Womb , without shape . Emetick , a Vomit . Emplastick , a clammy Medicine . Emulsion , a Medicine like milk . Epilepsie , the Falling-sickness . Epidemical , Ill , the Plague . Epispatick , a Medicine to raise Blisters . Epithems , are certain Powders , put in little Bags , and wet in Wine , &c. and applied to the Regions of the Heart , Liver , &c. Errhines , liquid Medicines to snuff up the Nose . Escharotick , a potential Cautery . Exulcerate , to blister . F. FAscinate , to bewitch . Fibers , small hairy strings . Fistula , a hollow Ulcer with Callocity . Filtration , a straining fire . Foetus , the young . Fomentation , an asswaging Bath . G. GArgarism , a Liquour to wash the Mouth . Gargarise , to wash the Mouth . Gangrene , an Inflammation tending to Mortification . Gonorrhaea , the Running of the Reins . H. HAemorrhage , an excessive or continual Flux of Bloud . Haemorrhoids , the Piles , also the Veins in the Fundament . Hepaticks , of or belonging to the Liver . Hernius , broken Bellied . Homogeneous , Homogeneal of one Kind . Hydromel , Water and Honey . Hydrocele , a waterish Rupture . Hydrocephalos , a Dropsie in the Head. Hydragogue , a Medicine to purge water . Hydropical , that have the Dropsie . Hypochondries , the fore-part of the Belly about the short Ribs . Hypochondriacal , a windy Melancholy . Hysterical , of or belonging to the Womb. I. ICterical , having the Iaundice . Icchorous , waterish , mattery . Jejunum , the hungry Gut. Ileon , the third small Gut. Iliack passion , a grievous Disease in the Gut Ileon . Impostume , vide Abcess . Inflammation , an hot angry Swelling . Ingredients , that which goeth into the making of a thing . Intercostal , between the Ribs . Ischuria , Stoppage of Urine . Jugular vein , in the Throat . L. LActeal veins , milkie Veins . Lethargy , a slothfull sleepy Disease of the Head. Lientery , a Looseness , caused by undigestion . Ligament , a bond or binding . Linament , a kind of hard Ointment . Lipothimy , fainting , sounding . Lithotomy , cutting out of the Stone . Lixivial , made of Lye. Lixivium , a Lye made of Ashes . Lympha , a waterish Humour . M. MAsticatory , a Medicine to chew in the Mouth . Medicinal , of or belonging to Physick . Membrane , a thin Skin . Menstruous , a Woman having her Menses , or monthly Terms . Mercurial , made of Quick-silver . Mesentery , the thick fat Membrane , that fasteneth the Guts , &c. Muscle , an Instrument of voluntary motion in the Body . N. NArcotical , stupefactive , that hath power to stupefie , or make the Body insensible . Neopolitan disease , the Pox. Nephritick , of the Reins . Nitrous , made of Salt Petre. O. OPiate , made of Opium , to cause sleep , and give ease . Ophthalmy , Inflammation of the Eye . Optick nerve , the Sinew which bringeth sight to the Eye . P. PAlate , the hollow of the Mouth above . Panchymagogon , a Medicine which purgeth all Humours . Pancreas , the Sweet-bread . Paracenthesis , a tapping for the Dropsie , &c. Pralitical , that have the Dropsie . Pectoral , of or belonging to the Breast . Pericardium , the Membrane involving the Heart . Periosteum , a thin Skin enwrapping the Bones . Peripneumony , an Impostume of the Lungs . Peritonaeum , the inner Rim of the Belly . Pest , the Plague . Pharmacy , Medicine . Phlegmagogues , Medicines that purgeth Phlegm . Phlebotomy , Bloud-letting . Phrenetical , that hath the Phrensie . Pia mater the tender Skin enwrapping the Brain . Pituitous , Phlegmatick . Pleuretical , that hath the Pleurisie . Plethorick , fullness of Bloud . Prohylactick , a Preservative against the Plague , &c. P●isan , Barley-water . Pulsation , a beating . Pulverize , pulverate , to beat into Powder . Puncture , a Pricking . Purgative , which hath virtue to purge . Purulent , full of matter . Pustule , a Wheal or Blister . Q. QUartan ague , that cometh every fourth Day . Quintan ague , that cometh every fifth day , but seldom observ'd . Quotidian , that cometh every day . R. RAdical , of or belonging to the Root . Rarefaction , a making thin of what was thick . Rectum , the Arse-gut . Respiration , fetching of breath . Rupture , a breaking . S. SAline , saltish . Salivation , spitting , or fluxing at the Mouth . Sanguification , the changing of the Nourishment into Bloud . Saphena , the Vein by the inner Ancle . Scamoniats , Medicines made of Scammony . Scarifie , to cut or lance . Sceleton , a dry Carcass , of Bones onely . Sciatica , the Hip-gout . Scorbutick , that have the Scurvy . Scrofulae , the Kings-evil . Secundine , the After-birth . Seminal , of the Seed . Serosity , the wheyish , or waterish part of the Bloud . Sphincter muscle , the round compassing Muscle of the Fundament , &c. ordained to prevent untimely excretion . Soluble , Loose . Solvent , that hath Power to melt or dissolve . Soporiferous , causing sleep . Spasm , the Cramp , or Convulsion . Spermatical , of or belonging to the Seed . Spina dorsi , the Back-bone . Spinalis medulla , the Marrow of the Back . Spirituous , full of Spirit . Spissitude , thickness . Sternutatory , to cause sneezing . Sternon , the Breast-bone , where the Ribs meet . Sterillity , Barrenness . Strangury , a pissing by drops . Sudorifick , that causeth Sweat. Suffocate , to choak . Suffumigate , to smoak underneath . Sulphur , Brimstone . Superfetation , a conceiving the second time . Suppuration , a gathering to matter . Symptom , any grief following a Disease , or sensibly joyned with it , as Head-ach with an Ague , &c. Systole , contraction of the Heart , &c. T. TEnasmus , a Neediness to go to stool . Tenuity , Smallness . Thoracick , of or belonging to the Breast . Torsions , gripings of the Guts . Trachea , or Aspera arteria , the Wind-pipe . Transfer , to carry from one place to another . Transmute , to change . Transpiration , sweaty Vapours coming forth of the Pores of the Skin . Tubercles , Pimples , Wheals . Tumour , a swelling . Turgid , after a swelling manner . Tympany , the windy Dropsie . V. VAperous , full of Vopours . Varices , swelling of the Veins in the Legs . Vegetables , Roots or Plants . Vehicle , any thing that carrieth , &c. Ventoses , Cupping-glasses . Verntricle , the Stomach , &c. Verminous , full of Worms . Vertebra , the Back-bone . Vertigo , Giddiness . Vesiccatory , a Medicine to draw Blisters . Virulent , deadly , poisonous . Viscous , clammy like Bird-lime . Vitiate , to corrupt . Volatile , that flieth . U. ULcerate , to blister , to break out into Sores . Unguent , an Ointment . Ureters , the Vessels by which the Urine passeth from the Reins to the Bladder . Urethra , the passage of Urine from the Bladder , through the Yard , &c. Uvula , a fleshy substance , hanging down , like a Grape , from the Roof of the Mouth , towards the Root of the Tongue . ADVERTISEMENT . A New Idea of the Practice of Physick ; written by that famous Franciscus De-le-boe Sylvius ; late chief Professour of Physick in the University of Leiden . The first Book ; of the Diseases either constituting , producing , or following the Natural functions of Man not in Health . Wherein is contain'd , beside a new Method in General , a Vindication of the Spleen and Mother from fits attributed to them . As also a new Discovery of intermitting Fevers , the Yellow-jaundice , and other Diseases , never before discover'd . All clear'd by Anatomical experiments , and Chymical demonstrations ; as also by their Cures . Faithfully translated by Richard Gower , formerly Student under the Authour . Printed for Brabazon Aylmer , at the three Pigeons against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill . in Octavo . THE END Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A46940-e3060 Cephalalgia . Hemicrania . Signs . Progn . Cure. Clyster . Iulep . Powder . A medicinal Wine . Apozeme . Purging Pills . Epitheme . For a'quilted Cap. Signs . Cure. Powder . Cordial Iulep . Clyster . Vomit . Purging Potion . Troches . Purging Infusion . Electuary . Observation . Iulep . Tincture . Emulsion . Iulep . Epitheme . Ointment . Paralysis . Apoplexia . Cause . Cause internal . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial to cause sweat . Observation . Clyster . Suppository . Purging Pills . Purging Electuary . Vomit . Cordial Iulep . Medicinal Wine . Bath . Oil. Plaister . Sneezing Powder . Spasmus . Epilepsia . Partes affecte . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Infusion . Cordial to cause Sweat. Purging Pills . Infusion . Ointment . Masticatory . Epileptick Powder . Incubus . Cause . Vertigo . Cause . Lethargus . Signs . Coma. Carus . Causes . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Decoction . Sneezing Powder . Vomit . Purging Pills . Purging Infusion . Fomentation . Oil. Phrenitis . Mania . Cause . Progn . Cure. Clyster . Iulep . Opiat . Epitheme . Linament . Dieta . Iulep . Purging Pills . Cause . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Purging Pills . Purging Potion . Clyster . Purging Decoction . Pills opiat . Tussis . Sputum Sanguinis . Decoction . Astringent Julep . Pectoral Iulep . For a quilted Cap. Powder to fume the Head , &c. Masticatory . Note . Plaster for the Head. Notes for div A46940-e11100 Asthma . Cause . Progn . Cure. . Pectoral Iulep . Pleuritis . Signs . Peripnmonia . Caus Progn Empiena . Cure. Cure. Sudorifick . Fomentation . Ointment . Plaster . Pultis . Balsam Sulphur . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Compunctio . Caution . Tabes . Causes . Signs . Progn . Febris Hectica . Signs . Liber 12. de marc . cap. 4. Causes . Progn . Cure. Powder . Cause . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Purging Pills . Purging Decoction . Cordial Iulep . Syncope . Signs . Causes . Progn . Cure. Decoction . Purging Pills . Purging Pills . Cordial Iulep . Difference . Symptomes . Causes . Lipiria febris . Cause . Hystory . Progn . Pars affecta . Cure. Cautio . Purging Decoction . Volatile Powder . Cordial Iulep . Observation . Causes . The cause of the Return of the fit . Quotidian . Cure. Cordial Iulep . Purging Pills . Powder . Difference . Calenture . Signs . Cause of Malignity . Signs . Prog● Cure. Cordial Sudorifick . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial Electuary . Cordial Iulep . Signs . Causes . Progn . Cure. Cordial Iulep . Phlebotomy . Water for the Eyes . Gargaris . Nodulas . Notes for div A46940-e18800 Cause . Signs . Cure. Iulep . Emulsion . Purging Infusion . Pica . Malacia . Cause . Cause . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Nausea . Cause . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiat . Purging Decoction . Diet-drink . Cause . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiat . Purging Pills . Cause . Progn . Cure. Ileos . Choler . Cholerica passio . Hoemoptysis . Cause of Ileos . Causes of the cholerick passion . Causes of vomiting Bloud . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiate . Cure of Cholerick Passion . Vomit . Cordial Opiate . Cure of bloudy vomiting . Astringent Iulep . Carminative Iulep . Purging Pills . Cure of Iliaca passio . Clyster . Emulsion . Cholica Passio . Tenesmus Signs . Causes . Cause of the Colick . Observation . Tympany . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Emulsion . Purging Potion . Cordial Diaphoretick . Cordial Iulep . Cure of the Cholick . Clyster . Ointment . Empl. Carminative Iulep . Purging Decoction . Purging Pills . Teretes . Taenia . Ascarides . Vermina . Signs of Teretes . Signs of Taenia . Signs of Ascarides . Signs of Vermina . Progn . Cure. Purging Pills . Lienteria . Coeliaca . Diarrhoea . Dysentery . Tenasmus . Hemorrhoids . Causes . Causes of Lientery . Cause of the Iaundice-like flux . Cause of the Chyle-like flux . Causes of the divers kinds of Diarrhoea . Cause of a Dysentery . Cause of Tenasmus . Cause of Hemorrhoids , &c. Signs . Progn . Cure. Purging Powder . Cordial Iulep . Decoction . Powder . Astringent Iulep . Clyster . Purging Bolus . Bolus . Opiat . Decoction . Sudorifick . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Diaphoretick . Opiate . Bath . Ointment . Icterus . Cause . I. Progn . Cure. Decoction . Sudorifick Diuretick Decoction . Opiate . Cachexia . Signs . Progn . Cure. Hydrops . Ascites . Cause . Cause . Cause of a Tympany . Signs of Ascites . Signs of Anasarca . Signs of a Tympany . Progn . Cure. Purging Infusion . Purging Pills . Pills . Sudorifick . Carminative Iulep . Medicinal Wine . Ointment . Pulcess . Hypochondriacus . Causes . Progn . Cure. Iulep . Electuary . Purging Powder . Medicinal Wine . Tincture . Linament Water against the Scurvy . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial to cause Sweat. Powder . Purging Pills . Medicinal wine . Cause . Cause of Whites . Signs . Progn . Cure. Astringent Iulep . Purge . Purging Pills . Astringent Electuary . Astringent Iulep . Linament Plaster . Fume . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Bath . Powder . For a quilted Bag. Progn . Cure. Infusion . Electuary . Causes . Signs . Progn . Cure. Purging Infusion . Cordial to cause sweat . Causes . Signs . Progn . Indications . Cordial Iulep . Powder . Iulep . Cordial Opiate . Clyster . Fomentation . Cause . Observacion . Signs . Cause of the Stone . Histories . History . Progn . Cure. Purging Bolus . Iulep . Powder . Decoction . Iulep . Cordial Astringent . Iulep . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Cordial Opiate . Decoction . Pissing in Bed. Causes . Progn . Cure. Cause . Progn . Cure. Causes . Progn . Cure. Decoction . Lues venerea . Cause . Signs . Progn . Cure. Apozeme . Purging Pills . Decoction . Purging Pills . Bolus . Ointment . Balsamick Pills . Injection . Observatio . Causes Signs . Progn . Cure. Vomit . Observatio . Infusion . Purging Bolus . Linament Plaster . Pectoral Ointment . Arthritis . Causes . Observatio . Signs . Progn . Cure. Fomentation . Pultess . Cataplasm . Linament . Purging Pills . Water against the Gout . Rheumatismus . Cause . Progn . Cure. Linament . 
A45063	----	Select observations on English bodies of eminent persons in desperate diseases first written in Latin by Mr. John Hall ... ; after Englished by James Cook ... ; to which is now added, an hundred like counsels and advices, for several honourable persons, by the sam Hall, John, 1575-1635. 1679 Approx. 589 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 191 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A45063 Wing H357 ESTC R6300 12416781 ocm 12416781 61693 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A45063) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 61693) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 667:6) Select observations on English bodies of eminent persons in desperate diseases first written in Latin by Mr. John Hall ... ; after Englished by James Cook ... ; to which is now added, an hundred like counsels and advices, for several honourable persons, by the sam Hall, John, 1575-1635. Cooke, James, 1614-1694. Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Directions for such as drink the bath-water. Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Ars cosmetica. [30], 350 p., l leaf of plates : port. Printed by J.D. for Benjamin Shirley ..., London : 1679. "An alphabetical table ..." [i.e. index]: prelim. p. [11]-[29]. Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Medicine -- Early works to 1800. Diseases -- Early works to 1800. 2004-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-09 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-10 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2004-10 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion R White scul : Vera Effigies Jacobi Cooke Medici , ac Chirurgi peritissimi ; Qui , quae , indefesso studio et multorum annorum Experiéntia comperit usui fore , ad presentem sanitatem tuendam amissamque recuperandam , non invidet humano generi Etatis suae 〈◊〉 . SELECT OBSERVATIONS ON English Bodies OF Eminent Persons in desperate DISEASES . First written in Latin by Mr. John Hall , Physician : After Englished by JAMES COOK , Author of the Marrow of Chirurgery . To which is now added , an hundred like Counsels and Advices , for several Honourable Persons : By the same Author . In the Close is added , Directions for drinking of the Bath-Water , and Ars Cosmetica , or Beautifying Art : By H. Stubbs , Physician at Warwick . LONDON , Printed by J. D. for Benjamin Shirley , under the Dial of St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet-street , 1679. TO THE Right Honourable , FULK , Lord Brook , Baron BROOK OF Beauchamp-Court . Right Honourable , THE great and undeserved Favours for many years conferred on me by your noble Ancestors , with those which I still receive from your self , and oher their Survivors , encourage me to present to your Lordship this Piece , now called to be made public a second time ; humbly begging your acceptance and protection of what I tender in acknowledgment of my Duty and Service . The Part formerly printed , and what is added thereto , are most fit to be laid at your Honour's Feet , having received allowance from your Honourable Family to be made public , and most of it practised among them , for the special use of those Noble Persons , who are now gone from us ; and for whose memory I could not transcribe with dry eyes . What their Loss vvas to the Public , is vvell known , and no less lamented ; and so great to me , that I can never forget it . The Right Honourable , your Father , was pleased to shew me greater Favour than I do pretend to deserve . Your Right Honourable Mother was seldom ill at home or abroad , without commanding my attendance : The same have the Right Honourable your Brothers and your Lordship done . By whom scarce any thing was taken without my thoughts , from the most eminent Physicians , till they became acquainted with their Bodies . In all which Services it pleased God , I so ordered my self , that I have had from your Physicians , not only thanks but commendation . Which I have always looked on as proceeding more from the Favour of your Honour's Family , than my Deserts . These Obligations under which I lie , have given your Lordship the trouble of this Dedication , and this poor Piece , which I here present with my hearty and humble Prayers for all and each of your Honourable Family , that they may receive the greatest of God's Favours here , and the full enjoyment of Himself in Bliss hereafter : Which is and shall be the continued Petitions of , Warwick , March 25. 1679. My Lord , Your Honour 's most humble Servant in all Duty , JAMES COOK , Sen. THE PREFACE TO THE READER . Courteous Readers , TO you it is that I now address my self , to give you some small account of what is added in this Impression . To the Select Observations on English Bodies , you have an hundred Counsels and Advices , by very eminent Physicians , on several Honourable Persons , and others of no inferior Rank and Repute in this and other Counties . The Honourable Family which I have attended , and do still , hath always commanded me , as to receive all Prescriptions , so to see them made up in several places where I have attended , both to see them taken , and to observe their Success . Their favourable allowance I have for what is done . Their Honours , when Physicians were with them , were always ready to engage them to be helpful to their sick Neighbours ; the Advices for such being for most part entrusted in my hands . I hope what is made publick can be no wrong to any of those Physicians , having for their Pains , Prescriptions , and Directions , received generous Pay and noble Entertainment . If there necessarily occur any thing concerning those living , I humbly beg their Pardon , and if I had not feared giving offence , I had named them as well as those dead : But this is not all , for as I have a due rememembrance of those deceased , ( whose freeness I always found in communicating to me what they kept private from most ) so I give hearty thanks to those living , who have been like minded , and by whose Directions I have received no small advantage . Something there is intermixed , and something also in the Close , of Dr. Stubbs's , whose Civilities and Openness I cannot but remember . He was not a Person greedy of Gain . Not many months before he died , he said to me , We must study all ways possible to find out and appoint Medicines of cheap rate , and effectual ; for Money is scarce , and Country-People poor : To which I answered , That it had been , and should be my constant Course as long as I lived . I have heard it was said by one , over whom none is supreme in these Nations , ( whom God preserve and continue here , and crown with Himself in Glory hereafter ) That if Dr. Stubbs had but some of Saturn to poize his Mercurial Brain , he would make a good Statesman . And not a few famous Practitioners have said the like of him , as a Physician . But he is gone , and I cannot but say , Seldom comes a better . But to pass this , I hope my Service in this Impression will be civilly accepted , which is all , save to crave leave to subscribe my self always a Friend to the Friendly , and an Enemy to none of Mankind . JAMES COOK , Sen. Warwick , March 25. 1679. An Alphabetical TABLE OF DISEASES AND MEDICINES . A. ABortion or Miscarriage . 47. 308. 333. After-birth or Secundine retained 145. 197. After pains . 134. 188 , 189. Agues , see Fevers . Appetite naught , 66. Lost. 290. Apostume of the Stomach . 11. Arse-gut fallen out . 10. Ascarides , or little Worms in the Fundament . 156. 169. Asthma , or Ptisi● . 6. Ale or Beer against the Scurvy . 2. 22. 77. 80. 164. 168. 207. 249. For Contusion on the Eye . 212. In Ulcers of the Bladder . 228. Alum in Flux of Courses . 56. 80. Apozems in the Scurvy . 105. In Vlcers of the Bladder . 227. After Miscarriage . 324. In Obstructions of the Liver . 329. 332. B. BAstard Tertians . 121. 137. 147. 179. Beating of the Heart . 44. 94. 140. 187. 311. Binding of the Belly . 129. Black Evacuations . 139. Bleeding at the Nose . 57. 87. At the Mouth . 40. At the Gums . 81. From the Womb , 190 , 191. Blood-shot Eyes , see Ophthalmia . Bloody Flux . 14. 101. With a Flux of Courses . 76. Burning Fevers , Burning and Malign , See Fevers . Bags for the Stomach . 23. In Falling-Sickness . 270. Balsam for the Back 33. Baths for Feet swelling 12. 61. For Scabs 62. In the running Gout 106. In Tumors in Hands and Feet . 12 , 13. Bolus to purge , 15. In Whites , 27. For Gonorrhea , 97. Restrictive . 98. C. CAncer in the Leg. 75. Camp or Vngaric Fever . 28. Catarrh or Distillation . 14. 203. 206. With Hoarseness . 182 , 183. With Vvula fa len . 287. Chincough . 220. 304. Cholic . 190. 9. 16. 79. 97. 254. 316. Consumption . 25. Contraction of the Ham. 93 , 94. Contusionin the Face 1. Of the Head. 251. Cough . 6. 17. 34. 37. 47. 49. 55. 89. 117. 152. 208. 216 , 217. 219. Extreme 272. 275. Courses or Menses stopp'd 17. 52. 87. 140. Few and ill coloured , 83. Too many . 9. 45. 53. 56. 80. 112. 233. 235. 236. With Whites . 258. Convulsion 269. Of the Mouth ▪ called Tortura Oris . 80. 161. Of the Eyes 150. 153. Face and Eyes 132. 146. Cataplasms or Pultises 93. For Apostume of the Stomach . 12. Tumor in the Thigh . 93. For the Eye . 210 , 211. Cream of Barly 17. Collyriums , or Eye-Waters . 4. 8. 44. 210. D. DEafness . 47. 96. 257. 260. 262. Delirium . 142. Difficulty of Breathing . 15. 89. 160. Digestion naught . 77. Diarrhea or Loosness . 323 ▪ 324. Distillation . 19. 44. 76. 293. Dropsey . 21. 87. Anasarca . 84. In the Breast . 244. Scorbutic . 64. Decoction of China 62. 65. 77. Of Harts-horn . 20. 23. 28. 29. Of Guaiacum . 32. 85. 98. 100. Of Sarsaparilla . 3. 8. 18. 22. 61. 90. In Gonorrhea . 71. Of Briony . 114. Of Barley . 20. For the Breast . 7. For the Scurvy . 3. To quench Thirst. 28. For a Cough . 272. E. EMpyema , 184. 242. Excoriation of the Face . 1. 8. Eye hurt . 210 , 211. Sore . 221 , 222 , 223. Electuary of Steel . 2. Astringent . 102. In Burning Fevers 28. In Vngaric Fever . 28. For the Cough . 6. For Wind in the Stomach . 25. 83. 127. For the Jaundice . 29. Electuary for the Mother . 82 , 83. To strengthen the Stomach . 97. 100. 116. To corroborate the Reins . 55. 123. To strengthen the principal Parts . 175. For beating of the Heart . 94. For the Spleen 177. For the Whites . 55. Of Sassafras . 152. For the Falling-Sickness . 103. Against the Scurvy . 110. Cordial . 93. Of Winteran-bark . 152. 242. For Gonorrhea , 71. 97. 131. In fainting . 13. In Vomiting and Loosness . 288. Emplast . Nephritic . 149. F. FAinting . 13. In Labour . 255. Falling-Sickness . 23. 31. 102. Fever . 26. 153. Burning . 87. 104. 123. 126. 135. 144. 162. Malign . 237. Erratic . 23. 33. Hec ic . 17. Epiala . 180. With After-Flux , &c. 20. 54 , 55. With Loosness . 238. With Worms . 53. 55. Fever Quotidian . 70. 152. 179. 180. 264. Tertian . 18. 21. 56. 260 , 261. 264. Malign . 68. 74. Quartan . 181. 263. Being with Child . 298. Fever . 310. Quartan . 325. Fleshy Rupture . 291. Flux of the Belly . 97. French Pox. 195 , 196. Frontale . 8. Fumes in the Mother . 132. In the Falling-Sickness . 24. In the Cough . 6. 50 , 51. For the Head. 91. For Hearing . 48. G. GOnorrhea , See Running of the Reins . Gout 78. 226. 315. In the Stomach . 269. Ambulative . 195. Green Sickness . 189 , 190. With the Cholic . ibid. With the Scurvy . 245. Gargarisms in Faults of the Mouth . 65. Of the Throat . 69. Gums . 58. Gargarism for the Squinancy . 88. For the Scurvy . 111. 120. Glysters , 14. In Hectic . 17. Cholic . 16. Bloody-Flux . 101. In Stupidness . 26. Astringent . 101. In Fever with Loosness . 238. H. 22 HArdness of the Side , &c. 303. Hectic , See Fevers . Hearing dull . 47. Heat of the Vrine . 3. 63. 130. Heat and Roughness of the Tongue . 153. Hemorrhoids their Flux . 149. Their Tumor and Pain . 24. 139. Of the Womb. 191. Hoarseness . 35. 201. 216. Hypochondriac Melancholy . 22. 29. 41. 71. 74. 176. Winds . 239 , 240. Effects and Abortion . Hypocras for the Wind. 25. Hydromel compound . 35. For a Cough . 50. I. INflammation of the Eyes , See Ophthalmia . Of the Tonsils . 214. 219. Ill Habit. 9. Indigestion . 77 , 78. Ilness of the Stomach , with Weakness of the Limbs . 301. Of the Womb. 303. Itch. 13. 61. 294. Injection for Vlcers in the Yard . 130. Julep in Vomiting and Thirst. 19. 29. In Courses . 52. K. Kings-evil . 196 , 197. 202 , 203 , 204. 231. L. LIghtness of the Head and Vapors . 334. Loathing Meat . 89. 99. Lungs rising , See Rising of the Lights . Liquor for the Face . 39. Lohoch in the Cough . 7. 90. 277. In the Breast . 50. Laurel prepared . 9. M. MEasles . 59. Melancholy . 26. 37. Mother . 36 , 37. 54. 82. 114. 116. 132. 148. 153. 161. 174. 209. 280. 284. With Convulsions . 161. With Fever , and want of Sleep . 281. Morphew . 41. 43. Morsels in Melancholy . 30. In the Cough . 35. Of Mechoacan . 169. N. NEezing in Falling-Sickness . 24. Nectar Solutive . 1. 76. O. OBstructions of the Courses , See Courses stopt . Of the Liver . 77. 329. 331. Of the Mesentery . 230. 286. With Indigestion . 306. Ophthalmia . 8. Ophthalmiac Water . 4. 41. Opiat against Melancholy . 24. Oxymel compound for the Breast , and difficult Breathing . 15. Oxyrodinum . 136. 143. 〈◊〉 Flatus Hypochondriac . 38. 〈◊〉 for Pain of the Head. 57. For Tortura Oris . 33. For the Side . 6. 57. For the Stomach and Sides . 19. 38. For the Heart . 43. Back . 33. Morphew . 43. For Scabs . 62. To cause Sleep . 57. Against Fevers . 135. 138. For Tumor in the Face . 73. Of the Belly . 87. Hands and Feet . 13. P. PAins of the Head. 18 , 19. 22. 41. 52. 57. 61. 83. 85 , 86. 117. 136. 151. Of the Teeth . 58. 73. 111. 150. Of the Shoulder . 61. Of the Neck . 70. Of the Breast . 15. Of the Side , 6. 16. 282. Of the Loins . 125. 194. Of the Back . 14. 79. 135. 137. Of the Stomach . 6. 13. 37. 85. 87. 153. 172. 268. Of the Belly . 259. Pain after Meat . 62. With Indigestion . 78. By Wind in the Stomach . 54. With Pain and Hardness . 87. Of the Heart . 52. Of the Arms. 193 , 194. Of the Thighs . ibid. Of the Joynts . 41. 105. After delivered . 124. 147. 188. Of various Parts . 193. Of the Hemorrhoids . 34. Of the Feet . 305. Palsey . 170. 225. Pearl in the Eye . 221. Pissing Bed. 11. 107. 111. Desire to piss . 116. Pissing Blood. 121 , 122. Piles . 319. Pleurisy . 185 , 186. From Wind. 173. Pustles in the Face , &c. 11. 39. Panatella . 17. Pills against the Gout . 106. Against the Scurvy . 42. Against the Falling-Sickness . 103. Against Giddiness . 96. Against Pain in the Head. 18 , 19. Against Catarrh . 90. Pills in Hoarseness . 201. In Vlcers of the Bladder . 224. 227. Of Gamboja . 22. Of Soldanella . 116. Pouder in Rheum . 19. In Jaundice . 8. Cordial . 28 , 29. Carminative after Meals . 30. 38. 61. 116. In Want of Appetite . 66. In a Cough . 37. In Burning Fevers . 29. 36 , 37. Pain and Wind in the Stomach . 41. 54. 78. In Gonorrhea . 131. In Miscarriage . 49. To restore Appetite . 66. Laxative 54. For Worms . 36 , 37. 115. Falling-Sickness . 269. Plasters Nephritis . 149. For Coldness of the Feet . 148. For the Head. 35. 205. For it and Temples . 5. 43. 57. In Pain of the Back . 27. 99. 149. In Courses too many . 56. For the Stomach . 6. 16. 30. 54. 109. In Catarrh . 35. In Cancer . 74. In Fever . 53. 56. 261. 263. For the Mother . 83. For the Worms . 84. 104. For the Heart . 188. Quinzy . 67. 89. 127. Plasters for the Spleen . 74. 153. For the Cods . 74. For Flux in the Eyes . 5. To retain the Birth . 49. In the Bloody Flux . 101. Of Labdanum . 7. 16. Of Caranna . 54. 70. 83. In Miscarriage . 309. Ptysan . 17. Purging Ales. See Ales. Q. QVotidian , Quartan , See Fevers . R. REd Face . 39. 83. Rheum of the Eyes . 1. 4 , 5. Rising of the Lites . 139. Running Gout . 106. Running of the Reins . 131. Roules for the Head. 125. In the Whites . 27. For after Meat . 172. For Cough . 51. 218. Restorative . 17. In Catarrh . 203. S. SCabs and Itch. 13. Scirrhus 199. Scurvy . 41. 59. 91 , 92. 95. 113. 120. 147. 160. 167. 207. 226. Latent . 245. With Green-Sickness . ibid. 247. 264. 267. 274. With spitting Blood. 278. Scorbutic Atrophy , with Loosness . 264. Dropsey . 165. Wandring Gout . 159. 226. Burning Fever . 157. Epilepsy . 102. Cholic . 254. Distillations . 293. Itch. 294. Pain in the Foot. 305. Sciatica . 313. Small-Pox . 69. 154. 241. 322. Spitting blood . 173. Spleen and Vapors . 256. Spots and Pustles in the Hands . 86. Stone . 47. 158. 249. 251. Straitness of the Breast . 185. Strangury . 130. Squinancy . 67. 88. 126. Swallowing hinder'd . 64. Swimming of the Head , See Vertigo . Swooning . 1. Surfeit . 66. Swelling of the Gumms . 58. Sweating Decoction in the Dropsey . 22. In the Scurvy . 3. Steel'd Wine . 38. 42. 119. 240. 256 , 257. Steel prepared . 141. Syrup for the Breast . 15. For Wind. 25. Dropsey . 22. Melancholy . 30. For Obstructions . 33. For Scabs . 13. For a Cold. 208. T. TEarms , See Courses . Tenesmus . 10. 307. Thirst to quench . 28. Tongue hot and rough . 153. Trembling of the Arms and Thighs . 36. Tumors in the Face . 73. 133. In the Nose . 133 , 134. In the Throat . 199. 213. Almonds . 64. Lips. 133 , 134. Breast . 198 , 199. In the Side , supposed a Cancer . 317. Liver . 59. Spleen . 87. 149. Hands and Feet from Courses . 12. Hemorrhoids . 34. In the Stones . 52. 74. Thigh , and livid . 92. Navil with Worms . 84. Tumors in various parts . 98. In the Cods . 130. 200. Ancles . 29. Foot. 60. 103. Tablets in Vertigo . 43. Astringent . 27. Terbentine Potion , called the white Potion . 49. 98. 122. Troches against the Cough . 127 , 128. For Binding . 130. Vlcers in the Yard . ibid. Tincture of Roses : 230 , 231. V. VApors . 36. 41. 82. 252 , 253. Vrine hot . See Heat of Vrine . Vrine stopt . 47. 192. Vertigo . 41. 82. 96. 124. Vomiting . 87. 161. 171. Of Blood. 40. Meat . 54. 99. In Breeding . 19. With Loosness . 288. Vlcers in the Bladder . 130. 224. Of the Leg. 59. 75. Vvula fallen . 214. 227. Virgins Milk. 39. Vnguent against Fevers . 135. For the Breast . 218. Vulnerary Drink . 252. W. WAnt of Appetite . 290. Warts . Watery Tumor . 200. A watery Flux . 90. Wax prepared . 14. Whites . 27. 98. 112. 229. With pain and weakness of the Back . 55. With Courses . 258. Wind in the Stomach . 25. 77. Flegm there . 107. Also Torment . 56. In the Womb. 112. Worms . 36. 55. 104. 115. 142. 327. Vomited up . 72. Water of Snails . 7. Steel'd . 141. In Falling Sickness . 271. For a Cough . 6 , 7. Of Whites of Eggs. 63. For pain in the Teeth . 73 , 74. For Hoarseness . 202. Vlcers in the Bladder . 224 , 225. Of the Bath . 337. Wine Laxative . 175. Against Melancholy . ibid. For Wind in the Stomach . 160. See Hypocras . For the Cholic . 254. In fainting . 255 , 256. In Agues . 263. In Vomiting and Loosness . 288. Y. YEllow Jaundice . 62. 81. 103. 128. 173. With a Tertian . 7. 137. 144. Characters for brevity used herein . lb a pound . ℥ an ounce . ʒ a dram . ℈ a scruple . gr . a grain . p. as much as may be held between the Thumb and two first Fingers . M. an handful . ss . half . q. s. quantity sufficient . quar . a quart . f. make . pul . a pouder . ā each . Misc. Mix. C. C. Harts-horn . Twenty grains make a scruple . Three scruples make a dram . Eight drams make an ounce . Twelve ounces make a pound . Health is from the LORD . CURES Historical and Empirical , experienced on Eminent Persons in several Places . OBSERV . I. THE Countess of Northampton , aged 44. on March the 6th , 1622. as she was walking in her Bed-chamber , suddenly fell into a swoon , without either sense or motion for half an hour ; she fell with her face on the frame of a Table , which caused a Wound with contusion , whence arose Inflammation , as also a great and troublesom Flux of Rheum , which distilling from her eyes , excoriated the whole face with exulcerations ; the habit of her Body was Scorbutick and Cacochymick : her residence then was at Ludlow-Castle : To whom being called , I cured perfectly , by God's assistance , with the following Medicines . She was purged with the following , ℞ Sena ℥ j. Agarickʒiij . Rubarbʒii . Cinnamon ℥ iss . Infuse them all for twelve hours in three pints of White-wine on warm embers , after it was strained through an Ippocras bag , six or seven times , and sweetned with half a pound of Sugar . Dose ℥ v. twice a day , viz. in the morning fasting , and at four a clock in the afternoon . This gave five or six stools a day without gripings , it was continued four days . Her face was anointed with white Ointment camphorated , which cured it in four days . The Body being not sufficiently emptied , the following Pills were used , ℞ Pil. Ruffin . & Succin . Crato . of each equal parts ; of ʒi , were made seven Pills , three of which she took when she went to bed , the next day she had six or seven stools . But this was observable , that instead of swallowing the Pills , she chewed them , and so let them down , saying she could not swallow them , though never so little ; withal , that she thought it the best way . She took of these twice a week . Those days she took not the Pills , I administred the following : ℞ Elect. Chalyb , Crat. mixed with the salts of Scurvy-grass , Wormwood and Coral . In her Broth was boiled these Scorbutick Herbs , viz. Scurvy-grass , Water-Cresses , and Brook-lime . After all , she took this Scorbutick Beer , ℞ Scurvy-grass M iv . Water-cresses , Brook-lime , each M ii . Wormwood , Fumitory , and Germander , each M. j. Roots of Fennel , Borage , Succory , each ℥ i. Root of Elicampany ℥ ss . Liquoris ℥ i. Flowers of Borag ▪ Buglosse , Rosemary , each p ii . Boyl them all in five gallons of Beer , till one be wasted . After having the following Ingredients in a bag , viz. Sarsaparilla , Calamus aromaticus , Cinnamon , Mace , Seeds of Anis and Fennel , each ℥ ss . Juniper-berries ℥ viii . Let them be infused in the hot liquor , well covered till it be cold , after put it up , hanging the bag in it . After fifteen days she drank of it , using no other ; this she drank in April . Till it was ready , she took the following ; ℞ Sarsaparila ℥ ii . Guaicum ℥ i. Sassafras rootsʒii . Slice aud bruise them , after infuse them in lb xv . of Spring-water for twelve hours . After add Scurvy-grass M ij . Brook-lime , Water-cresses , each M i. Betony , Agrimony , each M ss . Currants ℥ ii . Boyl them all till v lb be wasted ; after take it from the fire , adding presently of Cinnamon bruisedʒi . after let it pass through an Hippocras bag . Dose ℥ vi . taken hot , being in bed , composing the Body to sweat gently ; cover the Head and Neck with hot linnen clothes : after sweating , the sweat was rubbed of gently with fine dry warm linnen . An ordinary Drink was made of the second Decoction , which was used in those days she did not sweat , with which was taken the juice of Scurvy-grass rightly prepared , six spoonfuls in one Draught ; in her Broths was used the Salt of the same . By the blessing of the Almighty , she was by these Remedies perfectly cured , beyond the expectation of her Lord and Friends . OBSERV . II. WIlliam , Earle of Northampton , labouring of the heat of Urine , April 4. 16●2 . was cured as followeth . ℞ Cassia new drawn ℥ i. Terbentine washtʒi . Rubarb ℈ i. Liquoris powdered ℈ ss . make them in a bole with Sugar . The next day and the following he took this , ℞ Malloes Mi. Liquoris ℥ i. Boil them in a quart of Milk , after strain it , and add Syrup of French Mallowes ℥ vi . Dose ℥ iv . or v. every morning ; at night when he went to bed , he took ʒss . of Cyprus Terbentine , in the form of a Pill in a rosted Apple . Thus was he presently and perfectly cured , being at Ludlow , at that time being President of Wales , and Councellor to the King. OBSERV . III. Mrs. Smith of Stratford upon Avon , aged 54 , being miserably afflicted with a hot Distillation in her Eyes , so that she could not open them in the morning , was cured thus . First there was administred for four nights together when she went to bed , ʒss . of Pil. de Succin . Craton . made in three Pills . These gave five or six stools without pain the following days . In the interim , to the Eyes was applied the following , ℞ of the Juyce of Housleek a spoonful , White-wine two spoontuls , mix them together : Of which there was dropt one or two drops into the Eyes , laying upon them all night a double linnen Rag wet in the same ; this mitigated the heat . After I commanded to distill one or two drops of the following into the eyes twice or thrice a day : ℞ Sarcocol wash'd . ʒi●j . Prepared Tuttyʒij . Aloesʒi . White Sugar-candyʒiss . Saffron gr . iv . Rosewater ʒiv . Mix them , letting them stand a day , shaking them oft . By these she was cured . OBSERV . IV. MR. Wilson , Minister of the said Town , aged 40 , being grievously vexed with a Rheum in his Eyes , was cured by the following Medicines . ℞ Pil. Succin . ʒi . Aurear. ʒss . Troch . agar . ℈ i. cum Syr. Betonic . f. Pil. N o 10. He took five of these when he went to bed , which gave him the next day six stools ; the other five he took the following night . Outwardly was applied to the forehead and Temples the following Plaster , ℞ Bole Armoniack ℥ ss . Gypsumʒiii . Dragons blood , Acaciae , each ʒii . Pomgranate-Pills , Galls , each ʒi . Pouder them all , and with the whites of Eggs , and a little Vinegar make a Plaster . Behind the Ears was laid Bole and Gypsum , framed into a Plaster as the former . Upon the Eyes were applied Whites of Eggs well beaten with Rosewater and Womans milk . Into the Eyes were dropp'd twice or thrice a day some of our Opthalmick Collyrium , prescribed in the former Observation . This is remarkable , that a while after it was used , he found the taste of the Sarcocol on his Palat. By these Remedies he was cured , blessed be God. OBSERV . V. Mrs. Beats of Ludlow , aged 50 , who being troubled with a great Cough , Asthma , and grievous Pain in the Side , was thus cured . First , I administred this Electuary , ℞ Conserve of red Roses ℥ ij . Raisins of the Sun stoned , Sugar-candy , each ℥ i. make them into an Electuary : To which was added Oil of Vitriol , and Sulphur , sufficient to make it sharp . Dose morning and night the quantity of a Nutmeg . For a Fume was prescribed the following : ℞ Frankinsence , Mastich , eachʒiss . Brimstoneʒiiss . Juniper ℈ ii . Storax ℈ i. Terbentine sufficient to make a Past , which frame into what figure pleaseth . Some of which being cast on some embers , the Fume was received into her Mouth by a tunnel , her Head being covered ; this dried up the superflous humidities of the Brain . For a pain in her Stomach , I applied the following ; ℞ Labdanum ℥ i. Wax ℥ ii . Species Aromatic . ro●at . ʒiii . Caranna a little , make a Plaister S. A. spred upon Leather . For the Pain of her Side I used this , ℞ Vng. Dialthaea ℥ ii . Oil of sweet Almondsʒii . Mix them , and with it anoint the Part pained , hot ; upon it I laid a linnen Cloth dipped in Butter , hot ; this gave her some ease . For a long time following she used this Drink : ℞ of the Water distilled from Coltsfoot , Ground-Ivy , Mullin , Speedwel , Elicampany , Knapwood , Scabious , Hyssop , Herb Trinity , Great Figwort , both Maiden-hairs , Horehound ; the cordial Flowers , Roots of Oris , Angelica , Sopewort , and Water-Betony , lb xij . Guaiacum ℥ xij . Sarsaparila lb ss. Oris roots ℥ ij . China sliced ℥ iij. Elicampany rootsʒiij . Maiden-hair , Speedwel , each M i. Liquoris ℥ ij . Aniseed ℥ i. Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ vi . Boyl them in a double Vessel well stopt , after strain and clarify it . Dose two or three good Draughts every day . Each night I gave at Bed time the quantity of a walnut of this : ℞ Conserve Roses ℥ i. Bole ℈ i. mix them . She also took of the following Julep oft in a day . ℞ prepared Snails lb i . Pieces of white Bread lb ss. Whites of Eggs 30. Cream lb iv . Cinnamon ℥ ii . Best Sugar lb ij. Muscadine lb ij. Distil them all in B. M. It was drunk with Manus Christi perlat . ( now called Sacchar . Tabuli perlat . ) and sometime with the following Lohoch . ℞ Loh . San. & expert ℥ ii . Penidies ℥ ij . Syrup of Maiden-hair , Hyssop , Liquoris , and Coltsfoot , each ℥ i. Roots of Angelica and Elicamp . candied , each ℥ ss . Roots of Orisʒi . mix them ; to ℥ iv of which add Flower of Brimstoneʒii . These in the space of five weeks cured her ; afterward she died , but of what Disease I know not . OBSERV . VI. A Servant of Mr. Nashes , lying at the Bear in Stratford upon Avon , aged 28 , having the Yellow Jaundice , with a Tertian Ague , was thus cured : ℞ Wine of Squils ℥ ss . Oxymel of the sameʒi . Our emetick Infusion ℥ ss . mix them . This exhibited gave seven Vomits . After I purged him with this , ℞ Rubarb powderedʒi . Elect. Diaphaen . ʒiij . Pul. Sen. lax . ʒss . Syrup of the Juice of Roses ℥ i. Celendine water ℥ iij. mix them . It gave him eight stools for four mornings . After I administred to him fasting the following ; ℞ of the inner Rind of the Barbery Tree , Turmerick , Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , of each alike quantity . Saffron half the quantity of one of them : make a Powder of all . Dose ʒi , in a rear Egg. These cured him perfectly , although the Jaundice was very much all over his Body . OBSERV . VII . MR. Powel of Ludlow , aged 50 , having an Opthalmia , accompanied with a continual Defluxion , so that his whole face was excoriated , neither could he endure to see the light , was cured as followeth . There was given him ʒss . of Amber Pills of Crato's , made in three Pills four nights together ; the first three gave him six stools the next day . Outwardly was applied the following , ℞ Mastick , Frankinsence , Myrrh , eachʒiss . Dragons bloodʒi . Bole , Bean-meal , each ℥ ss . Saffron ℈ i. with White of Eggs , Oil of Roses , and a little Vinegar , make a Frontal , which was applied . Into the Eye was distilled the following Collyrium . ℞ prepared Tuttyʒiss . Camphire , Saffron , each gr . xij . Tie them up together in a fine Rag , and hang them in Rose water and White-wine , each ℥ ss . Of this there was dropt into his Eyes , he lying on his back , two or three drops three or four times a day . Whiles this was doing , was used the Decoction of Sarsaparilla , and Guaiacum , &c. without the Herbs prescribed , Observ. 1. And so in twenty days he was cured beyond all expectation . OBSERV . VIII . Mrs. Chandler of Stratford upon Avon , aged 34 , after long Sickness , and a great Flux of her Courses , falling into an ill habit of Body , was cured thus ; First , she took the Decoction of Sena , &c. prescribed Observ. 1. for five days ; after being let blood , her Courses stayed to admiration , and she became well . Three years after being extremely weakned with the like Flux in the time of her lying in , so that Death was expected , she was cured by bleeding . OBSERV . IX . CHristian Bass of Southam in the County of Warwick , aged 29 , was miserably tormented with Wind and Phlegm in the Stomach , which although by the taking of Aqua Vitae she was for present eased , yet it presently returned with more violence , yea almost to strangling ; after which followed the Cholick . She was cured as follows , ℞ Emetick Wineʒv . Wine of Squils ℥ ss . mix them . This given w●ought very well by Vomits and Stools . The next day I gave this , ℞ Laurel prepared with Vinegar , the weight of 6 d. with Syrup of Violets , and Posset-drink , make a Potion . It gave seven stools . The Body thus emptied , I prescribed this , ℞ London-Treacle , Mithridate , eachʒi . Conserve of Wormwood ℥ iii. mix them . For three mornings she drunk the Decoction of Mints and Balm in steeled Water . And so she was perfectly cured , for which she gave me many thanks , and never was molested with the like pain . OBSERV . X. Mrs. Wincol , the Countess of Northampton's Chamber-maid , aged about 48 , afflicted with a Tenesmus , and falling out of the Fundament , was cured as follows : ℞ Camomel M i. Sack lb iss . infuse them on hot coals for an hour or two : After with linnen Clothes doubled , the Anus was fomented as hot as could be endured . After the Fundament was put up with ones finger , and a Spunge dipt in the said Decoction , and wrung out , was applied thereto , on which she sate . Note , the Flowers of Camomel are much better . Thus was she delivered from both the aforesaid Evils . After the same manner was cured a Servant of Mr. Broads . OBSERV . XI . Mrs. Hamberry was cured of her Face that was full of Pustles , Itch , and Excoriations , and deformed as a Leper , with the following Medicines . I purged her Body with Amber-Pillsʒi . given when she went to bed , at twice ; using to her Face Aq. Mercurial . Penot . with the Emulsion of white Poppy-seeds , Borax , and white Sugar-candy . OBSERV . XII . John Emes of Alcester , aged 15. was cured of pissing in bed thus , ℞ the Windpipe of a Cock dried , and made into powder , and with Crocus Martis given in a rear Egg every morning . OBSERV . XIII . Mrs. Anne ●ibs , aged 19 , cured of an Apostem in the Stomach . After its breaking , first I prescribed her this Lincture , ℞ Syrup of Hyssop , and Coltsfoot , each ℥ i. ▪ Vinegar of Squilsʒi . make a Lincture : Of which with a Liquoris stick she licked often . After she was purged with this ; ℞ Cassia new drawn with Endive water ℥ i. Rubarb powdered ʒi . Scabious Water ℥ iv . Syrup of Chichory with Rubarb ℥ i. make a Potion . This gave eight Stools . To the Stomach I outwardly applied this hot . ℞ Wormwood , Roses , Buglosse , each a sufficient quantity ; which make into a Pultis with the Oil of Roses , Mastick and Violets . Last of all I used this , ℞ Roots of Flower-deluce , and Lillies , each ℥ i. Boil them in a Pint of White-wine to the half . Dose ℥ iv . in the morning . Thus she became well , and of a good colour . OBSERV . XIV . FRances Reyland of Quenton , taking cold in the time of her Courses , there arose Tumours both in her hands and feet , so that she could not move her self . She was cured as followeth ; first , she received this . ℞ Elect. Caryccostin . ʒiii . Crystal . Tartar. ℈ i. cum Sacch . f. Bol. It gave her six stinking Stools . After I caused a Vein to be opened , and so she was freed . Twenty days after she relapsed , then I caused her to be purged with Laurel prepared , and after used the following Potion . ℞ Guaiacum lb ss. Agrimony , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Sage , Betony , Rosemary , each M i. Boil them in lb viii . of Spring-water , till half wasted . In the end of the boyling , add Cinnamon and Anniseed , each ʒii . after strain them . Dose ℥ viij in the morning , which procured sweat . At her going to bed she used this Bath . ℞ Oak leaves M xx . Camomel , Sage , Rhue , each M ii . Salt lb ii. Allum lb i . Quick Brimstone ℥ iv . Boyl them all in a sufficient water for a Bath . Often the Member was anointed with this : ℞ Vnguent . Martiat . ℥ i. Ol. Lumbric . & Terebinth . ana ℥ ss . misc . Thus she was perfectly cured . OBSERV . XV. MR. Hunt of Stock-green , aged about 46. labouring of a grievous Scab and Itch , was thus helpt : ℞ Fumitory , Borage , Bugloss , Scabious , Wormwood , of each a like quantity , as much as you please ; draw out the Juyces , of which take lb ii. boyling it in Whey to the Consumption of the Whey , always scumming of it ; after it is boyled suffer it to settle . Drink every day a good draught of it cold with Sugar . This is the Syr. Scabious . Joh. Anglici , and a Secret by which he cured many of the Scab , with which I have cured many also . OBSERV . XVI . MR. Dison , who was grievously tormented with a Pain at the mouth of the Stomach ( usually called the Heart-ach ) , fainting , as also Illness in a morning till he eat , was cured thus : ℞ Pil ▪ Ruffi . de Succin . Stomac . Hier. simpl . ana ℈ i. f. Pil. 7. These purged freely . After I gave him the following every morning : ℞ Conserv . Rosar . & Mithrid . ā ℥ i. Conserv . Absynth . ℥ iii. Theriac . Lond. ʒvi . Misc. Dose ʒiss . By these he was wholly freed . OBSERV . XVII . MAry Heath of Libington , aged 34 , being cruelly vexed with a Dysentery Catarrh , Pain in the Back , Worms , casting out a thick stinking matter by Urine , having been before fat , but now grown lean , was thus cured ; ℞ Rubarb powderedʒiss . Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ i. Borage Water ℥ iij. make a Potion . This was given in the morning . Afterward this Clyster was cast in : ℞ the Decoction of torrified Barly lb i . Oil of Roses ℥ iii. two Yolks of Eggs , red Sugar ℥ iss . make a Clyster . After the Clyster this was exhibited , ℞ Yellow Wax ℥ ss . Crocus Martisʒi . Make of them a Ball like a Nutmeg , after put it into the midst of an Apple , the Core taken out ; after roast the Apple under hot Ashes , so that they may be melted into the substance of the Apple ; and so she eat it fasting . Her Drink was steeled , her Diet was Panados , made of French Barly dried , and Crums of Bread , with steeled Water and Sugar . With these Remedies she was perfectly cured . I have also cured many with Wax so prepared . OBSERV . XVIII . Mrs. Lain of Auson , aged 49 , much troubled with Pain in her Breast , and great difficulty of breathing , was cured as followeth : ℞ Troches of Agarick ℈ ii , with Honey of Roses , and Syrup of preserved Ginger , make a Bole. This was taken for three days ; the first day it gave four Stools , the second day six , and third three . The fourth day was taken a Spoonful of the following , as often as difficulty of breathing required , swallowing it by degrees . ℞ Raisins ℥ ss . Hyssop , Origanum , Horehound , Penny-royal , Speedwel , Germander , Scabious , Coltsfoot , Carduus benedictus , Nettles , each M ss . Oris Roots sliced , Calamus Aromaticus , each ℥ i. Agarickʒiij . Sena ℥ ii . Gingerʒii . Of these make a Decoction in lb ij. of Wine-Vinegar , pouring in a third part of Water , and boil it to the third part . After straining , add of the best Honey ℥ xii . after boyl it to the thickness of an Oxymel . You may hang in it afterward these things following in a little fine Rag , viz. Cinnamon , Cloves , Calamus Aromaticus , all powdered , Dose a spoonful at a time . This is excellent , and worth Gold. OBSERV . XIX . Mrs. Hall of Stratford , my Wife , being miserably tormented with the Cholick , was cured as followeth . ℞ Diaphaen . Diacatholic . ana ℥ i. Pul. Holandʒii . Ol. Rutae ℥ i. Lact. q. s. f. Clyst . This injected gave her two Stools , yet the Pain continued , being but little mitigated ; therefore I appointed to inject a Pint of Sack made hot . This presently brought forth a great deal of Wind , and freed her from all Pain . To her Stomach was applied a Plaister de Labd . Crat. cum Caran . & Spec. Aromat . rosat . & Ol. Macis . With one of these Clysters I delivered the Earle of Northampton from a grievous Cholick . OBSERV . XX. Mrs. Herbert , miserably vexed with a Pain of her Side , was thus eased : ℞ of Spirit of Wine , or Aqua Vitae ( which is next hand ) ℥ vi . Camphire ℥ i. boyl them a little till the Camphire be dissolved , adding whilst hot , red Saunders pulverizedʒiss . A Cloth was wet in this Liquor , and applied . OBSERV . XXI . MAry Wilson aged 22 , afflicted with a Hectick Feaver , with a Cough , Obstructions of her Courses , and Weakness , was thus cured : There were appointed Meats boiled , as Veal , Hens , Capons , fed either with Barley , or crammed with Past made of Barly Meal ; Frogs , Snails , and River-Crabs were also exhibited ; by this she got Flesh. Our Restorative was a Caudle made of the yolks of Eggs , Wine , and Sugar . She also used the following Panatella ; ℞ Crums of Bread moistned with Milk , and after mixed with Almond Milk , Rose-water , and Sugar . A Ptysan , or Cream of Barly was thus prepared : ℞ Barly ℥ ii . Purslain , Borage , each Mss. Boil them in lb x of Water , till a fourth part be wasted ; after strain it , and drink of it . She frequently used Sugar of Roses . For a Clyster this was used : ℞ Chicken-br●th ℥ x. in which was boyled S●eds of Poppies , Flowers of Water-Lillies , Violets , Lettice , Mallowes , each Mss. Being strained , there was added Oil of Violets ℥ iss . White Sugar ℥ ii . Honey of Violets ℥ iss . Common Saltʒiss . the Yolk of one Egg ; mix them . She sucked Womens Milk , nourished with cooling and moistning Diet , as Le●tice . A year after this she died . OBSERV . XXII . MR. Drayton , an excellent Poet , labouring of a Tertian , was cured by the following : ℞ the Emetick Infusion ℥ i. Syrup of Violets a spoonful : mix them . This given , wrought very well both upwards and downwards . OBSERV . XXIII . GOod-Wife Betis , aged 40 , who once a month ( yea sometimes twice or thrice ) was grievously pained on the right side of her Head , which often ended with vomiting , and in her Fit could neither walk nor stand : was cured thus : First , she took this Vomit : ℞ the vomiting Infusion ℥ i. This wrought six times . For the next day was provided the following Pills : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒii . Cephal . Fernel . ʒi . f. Pil. N o xv . She took three of them before supper , every day till they were spent . After I caused a Vein to be opened to ℥ vi . After she took this Decoction : ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ iv . Water lb x . being sliced , let them infuse for twenty four hours , after boyl them till half be wasted , strain it . Dose a draught morning and night , when she went to bed . For ordinary Drink , she took the second Decoction , which was made of the same Wood , adding lb xv of Water , boyling it without infusion till the third part be wasted . OBSERV . XXIV . Mrs. Boughton , being with Child , and troubled with Vomiting , and a Flux of the Belly , was thus freed : ℞ Sack ℥ vi . Oil of Vitriol six drops . She took an Ounce of it every morning fasting as long as it lasted . Her Stomach was anointed with the following : ℞ Oil of Wormwood , and Mace , each ℥ ss . Spec. aromatic . rosat . ʒss . mix them , and make an Ointment . As she pleased she took of this Julep : ℞ Syrup 〈◊〉 Poppies ℥ iii. Waters of Scabious and Mints , each ℥ ii . of Borageʒvi . Oil of Vitriol to sharpen it for taste : mix them , and make a Julep . Thus she was cured , praised be God. OBSERV . XXV . MR. Randulph , aged 35 , troubled with Pain of the Head , great Distillation , and continual Spitting , with coldness of his Head , so that he was constrained to wear three Caps , was delivered from all in seven days by the following : ℞ the Emetick Infusion ℥ i. This gave six Vomits , and three Stools . The next morning were taken the following Pills . ℞ Pil. Coch. ʒi . Aurear. ʒss . Troch . Alhand . gr . vi . cum Syr. Betoni● . f. Pill . 7. Thus purged , there was taken away ℥ vi of Blood. Afterward there was taken morning and evening ʒi of the following Powder : ℞ Powder of Senaʒvi . Rocket Seed ℥ ss . Long Pepperʒiss . Make a Powder of these . After the taking of it seven days he became altogether well . OBSERV . XXVI . Mrs. Boughton of Causon , aged 28 , three days after Miscarriage in the fifth month , fell into a Feaver , accompanied with abundance of After-fluxes , Vomiting , Loathing , Thirst , Swooning , and in danger of Death , was speedily helped as follows : ℞ burnt H●●horn finely powdered ℥ i. Boyl it in three quarts of Spring water , till a quart be wasted , then remove it from the Fire ; after add Syrup of Limons ℥ ii . Rosewater ℥ iv . Sugar a sufficient quantity . This she drank constantly instead of Drink , which gave great ease . The following Decoction was given morning and evening , which did cleanse , cut , cast out , and extinguish Thirst. ℞ French Barly M iv . Violets p. ii . Liquoris ℥ ss . Jujebs ℥ i. Sebestens ℥ ii . Carduus benedictus M i ss . Make a Decoction in a sufficient quantity of Water to lb xij . To the straining add Sugar of Violets ℥ iv . and make a Drink . By these Medicines alone she was cured beyond all expectation , praised be God. OBSERV . XXVII . CAptain Basset , aged about 50 , afflicted with a Tertian , was thus cured : ℞ Emetick Infusionʒv . Wine of Squilsʒii . Syrup of Violets a spoonful ; mix them . This was given an hour before the Fit , which wrought by vomit and stool sufficiently . At the end of vomiting he took this : ℞ Elect. de Gem. frigid . ℈ ii . Diascord . ʒss . Syr. Papav. erratic . ℥ i. Aq. Scabios . ℥ iii. Misc. The next day he was free from his Fit , he took the following : ℞ Diaphaenic . Diacathol . āʒii . Rhab. Pul. Pul. Sen. laxat . Ruland . āʒss . Pul. Holandʒi . Syr. Cochl . ℥ i. Aq. Card. benedict . & betonic . ā ℥ ii . Misc. This purged and cured him . Three months after he fell into a Dropsy , with a swelling in his feet , which was removed by the following : ℞ the Emetick Infusion ℥ ss . Wine of Squilsʒii . Barly water , and Syrup of Violets , each ℥ ss . mix them . This gave seven Vomits , and three Stools . The next day , and for three mornings , he took the following : ℞ Leaves of Succory , Borage , Bugloss , Violets , Strawberries , each M i. Seeds of Anis and Caraway , each ʒi . Roots of Smalage and Sharpdock , each ℥ i. Flowers of Borage , Bugloss , Violets and Roses , each p. i. Boyl them in a quart of Water to ℥ xij . Of the straining thereof , ℞ ℥ iiij . in which infuse Troches of Agarick Rubarb , eachʒi . Mecoachan ℈ ii . Ginger ℈ iss . Spicknard gr . iv . Cinnamonʒss . In the morning strain them again , to which Expression add Syrup of Roses ℥ iss . Manna ℥ ss . Mix them for one Dose , and so for four mornings . This being done , there was administred the following Pills : ℞ Pil. aggregat . ℈ i. Gambog . gr . v. Ol. Anis . gut . v. Syr. Cichor . cum Rhab. q. s. f. Pill . ii . These gave seven Stools , the next day one Pill gave five Stools , and with happy event , for thereby he could both better breath and walk . After he took this sweating Potion : ℞ Sarsapar . ℥ ii . Sassafras ℥ i. Bul. in Aq. fontan . lb viij . ad Consumpt . dimid . ( this must be after they have been infused 24 hours ) . Towards the end of the boyling was added bruised Cinnamonʒii . Seeds of Anis , Carraway , Coriand . ā ℥ ss . Dose ℥ vi . in a morning taken hot . After he used this laxative Drink : ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . China ℥ i. Sassafrasʒvi . Guaiacum ℥ ii . Sena ℥ iiss . Rubarb ℥ i. Agarickʒiii . Mecoachan ℥ i. Shavings of Ivory and Hartshorn , each ℥ ss . Seeds of Fennel , Nutmegs , Cloves , eachʒii . Leaves of Violets , Rosemary , Fumatory , ā M i. put them into a Bag , and hang them in 3 gall . of Beer . These perfectly cured him . In August he laboured of an Hypocondriack Melancholy , with Pain of the Head , for which was used the following : ℞ Pill . de Succin . ʒii . Spec. Hier. simp. ℈ ii . cum . Syr. Chicor . cum Rheo . f. Pil. N xi● . He took three of these at the hour of Sleep , these eased him of his Head-ach . After which was used Pil. aggregat . cum Cambog . &c. as before ; only they were made up with the Syrup of Apples into two Pills , which gave eight Stools with a great deal of ease . After to the Stomach was applied this : ℞ Origanum , Wormwood , Mints , each M ss . Seeds of Milium , Anis tosted , each ℥ ss . Flowers of Camomel , Rosemary , and Coltsfoot , each p. i. Bay-berriesʒi . Nutmegs ʒss . make a gross Pouder of them all , and stitch them in Sarsanet , and make a Bag in form of the Stomach , which was besprinkled with Sack , and applied and reiterated as oft as there was occasion . Thus he was perfectly cured , and continued so for a long time . OBSERV . XXVIII . Mrs. Chandler , of Stratford upon Avon , aged 36 , five days after Labour , fell into an Erratick Feaver , with horror , heat , and shaking often day and night , was thus cured : ℞ the Decoct . of Harts-horn ( as Obs. 26. ) lb iij . Of this she drank continually , shaking the Glass as she was to take it . After she took the following : ℞ Hartshorn preparedʒiij . Rain water lb ss. Boyl them to ℥ iv . After add Syrup of red Poppies ℥ ii . Rosewater ℥ i. Spirit of Vitriol sufficient to make it acid : It was for two doses : After which she was very well . OBSERV . XXIX . MR. Fortescue , aged 20 , was troubled with the Falling-sickness , by consent from the Stomach , as also Hypochondriack Melancholy , with a depravation of both Sense and Motion of the two middle Fingers of the Right-hand ; his Urine was much clear , like Spring-water , and heavy . Being called to him , I thus proceeded : The fifth of June 1623. were administred these Pills : ℞ Pil. sine quibusʒi . Foetid . ℈ ii . Castor ℈ i. Aq. Borag . q. s. f. Pil. 7. These exhibited gave three Stools . At the conclusion of its working , the Sense and Motion of the Fingers were returned . The sixth day there was drawn ℥ viii of Blood from the Cephalick Vein ; the same night at bed-time was given Pil. Succin . N o iii ; the seventh day he had three Stools . The eighth day the following was prescribed : ℞ Castor . opt . Assae foetid . āʒss . Rad. Paeon . subtilis . pul . ʒi . Aromat . rosat . ʒii . Misc. cum Syr. de Menth. f. Pil. 7. He took one of them when he entred his Bed. The next morning was given the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following : ℞ Conserv . Bugloss . Borag . Anthos , ā 〈◊〉 iss . Confect . Alkerm . ʒii . Laetific . Gal. & de Gem. āʒss . Pul. Rad. Paeon . Aristol . ā ℈ i. Rasur . Ebor. C. C. Coral . ā ℈ ii . cum Syr. de Hyssop . q. s. f. Opiat . In the very instant of the Fit the following ●ume was used : ℞ Benzoin . Mum. Pic. nigr . ā ℈ i. Misce cum Succ. Rut. f. Suffit . You may also anoint the Nose with the same more liquid . Observe that in the morning before the Opiat , was used this neezing Powder : ℞ Pyreth . Rad. Paeon . ā ℈ ii . Hell. nigr . ℈ ss . f. Pul. subtilis . By these means , through the mercy of God , he was in a short time cured ; and now ten years from the time afflicted he hath been very well . OBSERV . XXX . Mrs. Nash , aged 62 , having of a long time laboured of a Consumption , and now afflicted with Wind of the Stomach , as also Heat thereof , with sweating from the Pit of the Stomach to the Crown of the Head , having great Pain of the Head , especially after Meat , was thus cured : ℞ Loaf-sugar ℥ iv . Cubebs , Grains of Paradise , Galangal , Ginger , eachʒi . Long Pepperʒss . Cinnamonʒiii . White-wine lb ii. Let them stand to infuse for twenty four hours , after strain them through a Bag , and make a Drink commonly called Hippocras : Of which she took ℥ iii in a morning . There was used a Clyster of Linseed Oil with good success . Lastly she took ℥ iii of the following Syrup : ℞ Cinnamon grosly beaten ℥ iij. Calamus Aromaticus ℥ i. Infuse them in lb ii. of Sack for three days in a Glass Vessel , near the gentle heat of the Fire . To the straining add Sugar lb iss . Boyl them gently , and make a Syrup , S. A. These freed her from Wind , and she was able to eat , and said she was very well for a long time after . OBSERV . XXXI . MR. Kempson , aged 60 , oppressed with Melancholy , and a Feaver with extraordinary heat , very sleepy , so that he had no sence of his Sickness , was cured as followeth : ℞ Leaves of Mallowes , Beets , Violets , Mercury , Hops , each M iss . Borage M ii . Epithymum ℥ ss . Peny-royal p. ii . Rhue , Wormwood , Cammomel , each M ss . Seeds of Anis , Rhue , Carraway , Cummin , Fennel , Nettles , Bay-berries , each ℥ ss . Polypod . ℥ iss . Sena ℥ i. Bark of black Elleboreʒi . Boyl them all in lb iii of Whey , till half be wasted . Of this strained , take ℥ x. Confect . Hamech , Diaphaenic . eachʒv . Saltʒi . Mix them , and make a Clyster . This brought away two Stools with a great deal of Wind ; it was given in the morning , and again at night . After these there were applied to the Soals of his Feet , Radishes sliced , besprinkled with Vinegar and Salt , renewed every third hour . This hindred the Recourse of Vapours , and drew them back , and so he slept far more quietly , without starting and fear . The following was prepared for his ordinary drink , ℞ Spring water lb iv . Syrup of Limons ℥ i. Julep of Roses ℥ iss . Hartshorn burnt and powdered finely ℈ iv . Spirit of Vitriol , so many drops as sufficed to make it tart . After the Leeches being applied to the Anus , there was drawn forth ℥ viii of Blood. After which was exhibited this : ℞ Lap. Bezoar . gr . v. Tinct . Coral . gr . iv . mix them ; it was given in Posset-drink . After this the Urine was very frothy , with a great sediment , and he was much better . The Clyster , Drink , and Powder was repeated with desired Event . To remove Sleepiness , he used to neeze only with Tobacco . The Restorative of Quercitanus , fol. 187. of his Diaeteti . polychrest . sect . 4. chap. 8. was used . But yet his Stomach being ill , I gave him this ; ℞ Emetick Infusionʒvi . Syr. Violets ℥ ii . Oxymel of Squilsʒi . This gave four Vomits and nine Stools : After which he was well for five days , and then relapsing into a shaking Ague , a Clyster being injected , he became well , bidding farewell to Physick , and so was cured beyond all expectation , and lived for many years . OBSERV . XXXII . Mrs. Garner of Shipson , aged 22 , miserably weakned with the Whites , was cured as followeth : ℞ Cassia newly drawn with Parsley water ʒvi . Terbentine washed in Parsley water ʒii . Gum of Guaiacum ʒii . With Sugar make a Bole. The next day this Plaster was applied ; ℞ Vng. Comitis . ℥ i. Gyps . Bol. Arm. ā ℥ ss . cum Alb. Ovi f. Empl. It was applied to the Back . After I prescribed the following : ℞ Coriander Seeds prepared , Seeds of Sorrel , Plantain , and de Agn. Cast. each ʒi . Sealed Earth , and Bole Arm. each ʒss . Spec. Diatrag. frig . ʒi . Make a very fine Powder , and with Sugar dissolved in Plantain water make Rouls or Tablets ( add Gum Tragac. ) weighing ʒii . Of these she eat one before dinner and supper , and presently after drank a spoonful of red Wine . This is admirable in Uterine Fluxes . By these she was healed . OBSERV . XXXIII . BRown , a Romish Priest , labouring of an Ungarick Feaver , in danger of Death , was cured as followeth : ℞ the Emetick Infusionʒvi . Syrup of Violetsʒii . Oxymel of Squils ℥ i. mix them . Being given , it gave five Vomits , and four Stools . The next day there was removed ℥ vi of Blood. After which was prescribed the following : ℞ Spring-water lb iij . Syrup of Pomgranats , Julep of Roses , each ℥ iss . Hartshorn preparedʒiii . Spirit of Vitriol , as much as will make it a little tart . In Broths he took Tinct . of Coral ℈ i. And at Bed time there was a Clyster injected , made of emollient Herbs , Pul. Sen. lax . and course Sugar , it gave three stools . In the day and night was taken the quantity of a Walnut of the following , often : ℞ Rob. rib . Conser . Rosar . Conser . Car. citrior . ā ℥ i. Cortic. Citr . condit . ℥ ss . Aurant . condit . Spe. liberant . āʒii . C. C. praep . ℈ iv . Lap. Smaragd . rub . Hyacinth . praep . ana gr . vi . Flor. Sulphur . ʒi . Coral . rub . praep . ℈ i. Succ. Granat . ℥ ss . Syr. acetos . Citr . q. s. f. Elect. liquid . This I have used with happy success without the precious Stones , to corroborate the Heart . I gave the following at thrice : ℞ Conserve of Roses ℥ i. Tincture of Coral ℈ ii . C. C. praep . ʒi . Diascord . ʒss . Flor. Sulphur . ℈ ii . mix them . The following was prescribed to quench thirst : ℞ Barly ℥ ii . Liquoris ℥ ss . Borage , Succory , each M i. Boyl them in lb iii of Water to lb ii. Add Sal. Prunel . ʒss . Burnt Hartshornʒiii . after boyl them a little . He took of this thrice a day . His Meat was besprinkled with this Cardiac and Alexipharmic Powder : ℞ prepared Pearl , prepared Coral , burnt Harts-horn , prepared Granats , each gr . viij . The Fragments of Jacynt . Smardines and Rubies , each gr . iij. One leaf of Leaf-Gold ; mix them , and make a Powder . The former Julep being spent , this was used : ℞ Spring water lb ii. Burnt Hartshorn , and Crude , eachʒiii . Species liberant . ℈ iv . Boyl them to the consumption of half a pint , add the Juyce of Limons , a sufficient quantity to make it tart , boyl them again , scum it , and clarify it with Whites of Eggs. He took of this thrice a day . By these beyond all expectation the Catholick was cured , especially with the Decoction of Hartshorn , with which I have cured these and other Feavers in a short time , very many . OBSERV . XXXIV . CAptain Basset , aged 50. afflicted with Hypochondriac Melancholy , with trembling and pricking of the Heart , as also with Pain in the Head , and tumour about the Ancles , was cured as followeth : ℞ the Leaves of Succory , Borage , Bugloss , Violets , Stnawberries , each M i. Root of black Ellebore ʒii . Liquoris , Polypody , each ℥ ii . Catron seeds ℥ iss . Seeds of Anis and Caraway , each ℥ ss . of all the Myrobalans each ʒii . Beat them all grosly , and rub them with your hands with Oil of sweet Almonds , After infuse them for twenty four hours in lb ss of Fumitory water . After take Roots of Parsly , Bugloss , each ℥ i. Flowers of Borag . Bugloss , Violets , Roses , each M i. Boyl them all in five pints of Water , till two pints be wasted ; strain it , and add Sena , Epithymum , Tamarisk , each ℥ ii . Boyl them again to two Pints . In the straining , infuse for a night Troches of Agarick , Rubarb , Mechoacan , each ʒii . Ginger ℈ iv . Spikenard ʒss . Cinnamon ʒi . Strain it again , and boyl it with Sugar to the consistence of a Syrup ; to which add Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ iv . Mannae ℥ ii . and reserve it for four Doses . This purged well , with happy event . At the end of purging , he took for a whole week one of the following Morsels , morning and evening , two hours before meat : ℞ Spec. Laetifican . Gal. Diamosch . dulc . Aromat ▪ ros . ana ʒi . Cinnamon ʒss . Pistach . mund . ℥ ss . Confect . Alker . Croc. oss . de Cord. Cervi , Coral . rub . margarit . ana ℈ i. Chalyh . praep . ʒii . Sacch . dissol . in Aq Cinam . q. s. f. Morsul . pond . ʒiiss . On the region of the Stomach this was applied ; ℞ Labd . ʒii . Cerae ℥ ss . Ol. Macis ʒii . Spec. aromat . ros . ℈ ii . misc . f. Emplast . It is to be spread on Leather . I used a Clyster framed of Emollients and Carminatives with Sugar . After meat he used the following : ℞ Coriander seed prepared ʒii . Seeds of Fennel and Anis , each ʒi . of Carraway ʒss . Liquoris ℥ ss . Ginger ʒii . Galangal , Nutmegs , Cinnamon , Cloves , each ʒi . Make a gross Powder , or they may be made into Tablets with Sugar dissolved in Rose-water . Thus he was well cured , and thanked me . OBSERV . XXXV . A Child of Mr. Walkers of Ilmington , Minister , aged six months , afflicted with the Falling-sickness , by consent was thus freed : First , I caused round pieces of Piony roots to be hanged about the Neck . When the Fit afflicted , I commanded to be applied with a spunge to the Nostrils the Juyce of Rhue mixed with White-wine-vinegar ; by the use of which it was presently recovered ; and falling into the Fit again , it was removed in the same manner . To the Region of the Heart was applied the following ; ℞ Theriac . ven . ʒii . Rad. Paeon . pul . ʒss . Misc. The Hair was powdered with the powder of the Roots of Piony . And thus the Child was delivered from all its Fits. OBSERV . XXXVI . ELizabeth Hall , my only Daughter , was vexed with Tortura Oris , or the Convulsion of the Mouth , and was happily cured as followeth : First , I exhibited these Pills : ℞ Pil. Coch. & Aurear . ana ʒi . f. Pil. 10. She took five the first day , which gave her seven Stools ; the next day with the other five she had five stools . I fomented the part with Theriac . Andromac . and Aq. ●itae . To the Neck was used this : ℞ Vnguent . Martiat . magn . ℥ i. Ol. Laurin . Petrolei , Castor . & Terebinth . ana ʒss . de lateribusʒss . Misc. By this she had great advantage , her Courses being obstructed . Thus I purged her : ℞ Pil. foetid . ʒi . Castor . ʒi . de Succin . Rhab. agaric . ana ℈ iss . f. Mass. She took of this five Pills in the morning , of the bigness of Pease ; they gave eight stools . The next day she took Aq. Ophthalm . see Obser. 3. as ℞ Tutiae , &c. her Courses flowed . For an Ophthalmia , of which she laboured , I used our Ophthalmick Water , dropping two or three drops into her Eye . Her Courses staying again , I gave the following Sudorific Decoct . ℞ Lign . Vitae ℥ ii . Sassafras ℥ ss . Sassap . ℥ i. Chin. ʒvi . macerat . per 24 hor. in Aq. fontan . lb viii . After boyl them to lb iv . After the use of these , the former form of her Mouth and Face was restored ( there was not omitted Ol. Sarsap . which was above all to anoint the Neck ) Jan. 5. 1624 In the beginning of April she went to London , and returning homewards , the 22d of the said Month , she took cold , and fell into the said Distemper on the contrary side of the Face ; before it was on the left side , now on the right ; and although she was grievously afflicted with it , yet by the blessing of God she was cured in sixteen days , as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒss . Aurear. ℈ i. f. Pil. v. She took them when she went to bed . The same night her Neck was anointed with Oil of Sassafr . In the morning I gave ʒss of Pil. Ruffi . and again used the said Oil with Aqua Vitae , and dropped into her Eye the Ophthalmick Water . The aforesaid Oil being wanting , I used the following : ℞ Pul. Castor . Myrrh . Nuc. Mosch . Croci . ā ℈ i. Ol. Rutae , Laurin . Petrol . Tereb . āʒii . Vngu . martiat . ℥ ss . Ol. Costin . de Peper . āʒi . Misc. But first the Neck was fomented with Aqua Vitae , in which was infused Nutmegs , Cinnamon , Cloves , Pepper . She eat Nutmegs often . To the Nostrils , and top of the Head was used the Oil of Amber . She chewed on the sound side , Pellitory of Spain , and was often purged with the following Pills : ℞ Pill . foetid . ℈ i. Castor pul . ℈ ss . Pil. Ruffi . & de Succin . ā ℈ i. f. Pil. N o. v. And thus she was restored . In the same year , May 24. she was afflicted with an Erratick Feaver ; sometimes she was hot , and by and by sweating , again cold , all in the space of half an hour , and thus she was vexed oft in a day . Thus I purged her : ℞ the Roots of Parsly , Fennel , each M ss . Elder Bark M ii . Roots of the vulgar Oris , of Madder , each M i. Roots of Sparagus M ii . Boyl them in sufficient quantity of Water to six pints . To the straining , add Rubarb , Agarick , each ℥ ss . Sena ℥ vi . Mechoacan ℥ ii . Calamus Aromaticus ℥ i. Aniseeds ℥ i. Cinnamon ℥ ss . Infuse them in a Vessel well stopt according to art : strain it again , and to the straining , add Sugar sufficient to make a Syrup . of this take ℥ iv . Rubarb infused in ℥ v of Cichory waterʒii . Mix them , and give seven spoonfuls every day fasting . It gave seven or eight stools without pain . ℞ Sarsap . ℥ i. Sassafr . ʒii . Guaiac . ℥ i. Liquoris ℥ ss . Herb of Succory , Sage , Rosemary , each M ss . Boyl them in ten pints of Water till half be wasted . Of which she took a draught hot in the morning . The following was used to anoint the Spine : ℞ Gum. Galban . Bdel . dissol . in Aq. Vit. ā ℥ ss . Benzoin . ℥ i. Styrac . liquid . ʒi . Fol. Rut. Chamoepith . Flor. Staechad . Lavendula , āʒii . Rad. costi . ℥ ss . Castorei ℈ i. infund . misc . & pulverisat . in Aq. Vitae . It is to be infused in some hot place for some days . Before it was used , the Spine was rubb'd . An hour after it was used , all the Symptoms remitted daily till she was well . Thus was she delivered from Death , and deadly Diseases , and was well for many years . To God be praise . OBSERV . XXXVII . Mrs. Sands after her Purification was miserably afflicted with a Tumor , and pain of the Hemorrhoids . I appointed they should first be anointed with Vng. Populeon . After there was applied the Yolk of an Egg , well beaten with Oil of Roses , and added a little Saffron powdered . In Winter may be used Oil of sweet Almonds , &c. This mollified their hardness , and removed their pain . OBSERV . XXXVIII . MR. Queeny , labouring of a grievous Cough , with vomiting abundance of Phlegm and Meat , having a gentle Feaver , being very weak , and had red Urine without sediment , was thus cured : ℞ Troches of Agarickʒiss . Olibanum , Mastic . eachʒss . Terbentine sufficient to make a Mass ofʒi . make five Pills . These he took at Bed-time . In his Sauces he used Saffron , because profitable for the Breast ; and he eat Mustard and Honey , which caused spitting in abundance . ℞ Hydromel simplex , newly prepared with the best Honey lb iss . add Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ i. Figs 10. Oris Roots , Calamus Aromaticus , eachʒi . Boyl them altogether , after strain them , to which add Sugar-candy and Penidies . each ℥ iii. Cinamon bruisedʒss . So make an Hydromel . He took of this morning and evening ℥ viij or ix . To the Head I applied this : ℞ Roots of Oris , Galangal , Ciperus , Angelica , eachʒii . Roots of Pellitory of Spain , Agarick , Rubarb , Squils , eachʒi . Senaʒii . Marjoramʒi . Coriander seeds , Bay berries , Cloves , Nutmegs , Mace , eachʒi . Gith seeds , Mustard seeds , eachʒss . Benjamin , Storax , eachʒiii . Chalcanth . alb . ʒss . Lapis Calaminarisʒii . Alumʒi . Oyl of Nutmegs some drops , Oil of Marjoram and Sage distilled , Rosin and Wax sufficient to make a Plaster . The Head was first shaved . The days he rested , in the morning I gave the following in White-wine : ℞ Saffron ℈ j. Musk gr . i. For his hoarsness I gave the following : ℞ the Juyce of Liquorisʒi . Myrrh . ʒss . Gum Tragacanth ℈ i. Sugar-Candy , and Penidies , eachʒss . of which make Morsels . Hold one of them in your Mouth , lying on your back , to the end it may dissolve of it self . There was also given an Emulsion , or Milk of Almonds , Pine-nuts , and some new Goard-seeds , expressed to ℥ iv . in it was dissolved Sugar of Rosesʒii . And it was drunk every other morning warm , fasting ; it was continued fourteen days . Being not wholly freed from it , he fell into it again the next year , and all Remedies proving successless , he died . He was a Man of a good Wit , expert in Tongues , and very learned . OBSERV . XXXIX . JOan Chidkin of Southam , aged 50 , being troubled with trembling of the Arms and Thighs , after felt Vapours ascend to the Heart , thence to the Throat , and after thought her self suffocated , was thus cured : ℞ Merc. vitae gr . v. Diaphoenic . ʒss . Misc : This exhibited , gave two Vomits and two Stools . After she took Theriac . Andromac . ʒi . in Posset-drink . I purged her with the former again , only adding one grain of the Mercury , which gave four Stools . After which she had the foreiner Theriac . with the shavings of Hartshorn , for four days . By which she was helped miraculously , all Symptoms vanishing . OBSERV . XL. MR. Winter , aged 44 , cruelly tormented with the Worms and Feaver , was cured as followeth : He first had a Suppository made of Honey , drank the Decoction of prepared and crude Hartshorn , had an Emplaster applied to the Navil against the Worms . I purged him with ℥ ss of Manna dissolved in Broth ; with which there came forth many dead Worms , with stinking Excrements . He also took in his Drink and Meat the following Powder : ℞ Coral gr . viii . Pearl , Harts-horn , Granats , all prepared , gr . viij . Fragments of Jacinth , Smardine , Rubies , each gr . iii. one leaf of Gold : mix them for use . For his Cough he used Syrup of Poppies , with Syrup of Maiden-hair . By these , with God's blessing , he was cured in three days . OBSERV . XLI . Mrs. Fortescue , aged 12 , having a most vehement Cough , and cruelly troubled with the Worms , was thus cured : First there was used a Suppository of Honey ; to the Navil was applied the Emplaster against Worms . For her Cough this was used : ℞ Flos Sulphur . ℥ ss . Benzoin . vel Assae Odorat . ℈ ss . Make them into very fine Pouder , and divide it into twelve parts : there was given every morning one part , and at night Hartshorn , with which the Cure was perfected . OBSERV . XLII . Mrs. Throgmorton , aged 35 , being afflicted with pain at her Stomach , Melancholy , and the Mother , was thus cured : She first took the following Purge : ℞ Rubarbʒi . Agarick ℈ ii . Sena ℥ ss . Cinamon a little . Make an Infusion in lb ss of Wormwood wine , to ℥ vi . strain it . Of this she took six spoonfuls , with two spoonfuls of the Syrup of Succory , with Rubarb , and so for three days , which gave six stools a day . The third night she had a greater Flux of her Courses than in many years before , and so for that time I was dismiss'd in March. She sent again the first of April , I purged her with these Pills : ℞ Pil. sine quib . & Ruffi . āʒi . f. Pil. 9. She took three at a time when she went to sleep . The Body being purged , there was given of the following steeled Wine two spoonfuls , and so to four and six , increasing it by degrees . ℞ prepared Steel ℥ i. the middle Bark of Ash , Tamaris , Roots of Cappars , each ℥ ss . Sassafras , Juniper , eachʒvi . roots of Elicampana , Angelica , Galangal , Calamus aromaticus , eachʒii . Shavings of Hartshorn , and Ivory , yellow Sanders , eachʒiii . Fol. Wormwood , Ground-Pine , Spleenwort , Dodder , Balm , Germander , ā p. ii . Flowers of Bugl . Borag . Scab . Broom , ā p. i. Cinam . ℥ ss . Cloves , Ginger , Mace , Nutmegs , āʒii . Beat them very grosly , and mix them by degrees in four pints of White-wine , and infuse them in Bal. Mar. in a Vessel well stopt for 3 or 4 days ; after strain them through an Ippocras bag . After it is exhibited , exercise is to be used . After meat she used this Pouder : ℞ Coriander seeds preparedʒi . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , āʒss . Carraway , ℈ i. Cordial Flowers , eachʒi . Marjoramʒss . Liquor . Elicamp . Ginger , eachʒi . Galangal , Nutwegs , Cloves , eachʒss . Beat them into gross Pouder , adding Sugar , make a Pouder . The Stomach and Sides were anointed with the following , thrice a week . ℞ Oil of Dil. Nard . Capars , each ℥ ss . Vinegar of Squils ℥ i. Boyl them to the wasting of the Vinegar , add Gum. Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegarʒii . Roots of Asarabaccaʒi . Gith seedsʒss . Saffron ℈ i. Wax sufficient to make a Liniment . Thus in the space of little more than twenty days she was cured . OBSERV . XLIII . AVstin , a Maid , had her Face full of red spots , with red Pustles , very ill favoured , although otherwise very comely , and of an excellent wit , was thus cured : First , she was thus purged : ℞ Elect. Diacathol . ʒv . Confect . Hamech . ʒii . Aq. fumariae ℥ iii. Syr. Cichorii cum Rhab. ʒvi . f. pot . It purged her very well . The following day she took these Pills : ℞ Pil. foetid . de Hermod . āʒss . Aurear. ℈ ii . Misc. These emptied plentifully . The Body thus purged , her Face was anointed with the following Liquor : ℞ Litharge of Gold powdered ℥ i. Alumʒi . Boraxʒiii . Ceruss ℥ ss . Vinegar ℥ ii . Rosewater , and Plantain water , each ℥ iii. Boyl them to the wasting of the third part , after strain them , and add the Juyce of Limons ℥ ss . Before the use of this she was let blood . I advised her morning and night ( the Pustles opened , broken , and crushed ) she should wash the Pustles daily with the said Water , which she continued , and was wholly delivered from them in few days , and became well coloured . OBSERV . XLIV . ELizabeth Kenton of Hunington , aged 50 , troubled with a Flux of Blood from her Mouth , was thus cured : ℞ Syrup of red Poppies ℥ ii . Scabious water ℥ iii. Rosewater a little : mix them . She took one half in the morning , the other at night . ℞ Conserve of Roses ℥ i. Bole Armoniack , Blood-stone , red Coral , sealed Earth , each ℈ i. make a mixture with Syrup of Poppies . She took of this the quantity of a Bean after the Julep , and so she was cured . OBSERV . XLV . SImons of Knowle , a Vein being broken , vomited Blood , aged 40 , was cured thus : ℞ Rubarb powderedʒii . Syrup of Maiden-hair ℥ i. Succory water ℥ iv . mix them . This he took . After there was taken this : ℞ Philon. Persic . ʒi . Syrup of Myrtles ℥ i. Plantain water ℥ iv . mix them . There was also drunk Goats milk with Sugar . And at night going to bed was given Conserve of Roses ʒi . By these few Medicines the Cure was performed quickly , safely , and pleasantly . OBSERV . XLVI . COOper Marit of Pebworth , aged 48 , perceived Vapours or Wind ascending from her Feet into the Stomach , and so ill , that she could scarce be kept from swooning , was cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. Foetid . Ruffi . ā ℈ iv . misc . f. Pil. N. 9. She took three at the hour of Sleep . Afterward the following Powder was given after meals : ℞ Shavings of Hartshorn and Ivory , eachʒi . Spec. Aromat . Ros. Gabriel . ʒss . Seeds of Coriander , Fennel , Anis , eachʒi . Carrawayʒss . Cordial Flowersʒi . Marjoramʒss . Roots of Liquoris , and Elicampane , eachʒi . Ginger , Galangal , Nutmegs , Cloves , eachʒss . Saffron ℈ i. beat them grosly , and add Sugar of Roses the weight of all . Dose half a spoonful . She said it was worth Gold. On the Stomach was applied a Plaster of Labdanum , Wax , Caranna , Spec. Aromat . ros . and Oil of Mace. By these alone she was delivered from all the Symptoms , and cured . OBSERV . XLVII . Mrs. Wagstaff of Warwick , aged 46 , afflicted with Hypochondriac Melancholy , the Scurvy , beating of the Heart , Pain of the Head and Joynts , Ophthalmia , Vertigo , Morpheu , was cured as followeth , although they were Chronic , and she almost wasted with them . Her Urine was one day clear as Spring-water , otherwhile thick and filthy , often changing , a discovery she laboured of a Scurvy , with livid and purple spots scattered on the Arms , &c. ℞ Roots of Succory , Bugloss , each ℥ i. Fennel , Oris , Bark of Tamaris , each ℥ ss . Elicampana , Worwwood , eachʒiii . Marjoram , ground Pine , Germander , Fumatory , eachʒii . Cordial Flowers , eachʒi . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , Parsly , eachʒiss . Sena ℥ iss . Carthamus bruised ℥ i. beat them , aud put them into a quart of Whitewine , boyl them to a pint ; to the straining , add Syrup against the Scurvy by Forestus ℥ iii. It is to be used for five days . Dose ℥ iv . with which she had six , sometimes seven , eight stools . And thus she was freed from the Heart-beating . The Body rightly purged , I advised the Wine following : ℞ the opening Roots each ℥ ss . Wormwoodʒii . Marjoramʒiss . Cordial Flowers , each p. i. Bark of Tamaris , and Capars , eachʒi . Seeds of Fennel , Anis , eachʒii . Carraway seedsʒi . Spike ℈ i. Tops of Centauryʒiss . Steel preparedʒiii . put them in a quart of White-wine . Take of it three hours before meat , and an hour after dinner take the Juyce of Scurvy grass prepared in Wine , Dose four or five spoonfuls twice or thrice if need be . To keep the Belly always open , take a Dose of the following Pills : ℞ Aloesʒii . Myrrh . ʒss . Gum. Ammoniac . in Acet . dissol . ℈ i. Agarick , Rhab. āʒiss . Rad. Asari . Gentian . āʒss . Mastic . ℈ i. Spicae , Sem. Petroselin . ā ℈ ss . cum Succ. Absynth . instar extract . inspiss . f. mas . She took ʒss once a week or oftner , two hours before dinner . If you would have them work better , mix them with Pil. aggregat . For after meat , use the following Powder : ℞ Cloves , Galingal . Nutmegs , Cinamon , eachʒ s. Seeds of Coriander prepared , Roots of Elicampana , eachʒi . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , eachʒss . Carraway ℈ i. Liquorisʒii . Gingerʒi . Powder them grosly , and add Sugar of Roses ℥ ii . Mix them . The Region of the Heart was anointed with this : ℞ Succ. Cardiacae , Ol. Nardin . ā ℥ s. boyl them a little , and add Sugar of Cloves ℈ s. Camph . ℈ i. Saffron ℈ ss . Wax a little to make a Liniment . Being after troubled with the swimming of the Head , the rest of the Symptoms ending by degrees , I counselled to use these Tablets : ℞ Pul. Diacydon . sine Spec. Nuc. Mosch . āʒi . Fol. Euphras . Majoran . Flor. Lavendulae , ā ℈ i. Coral . rub . ℈ ii . Ras. Ebor. ℈ i. Sacch . dissolut . in Aq. Ros. f. Tab. Take them in the Morning , after take some Broth wherein is boiled Marjoram and Mace , or in a rear Egg , adding Carraway seeds with salt . The Leeches were applied to the Hemorrhoid Veins . For the Morpheu , which was very filthy , it was removed by the following : ℞ White Sope ℥ ii . Quick Sulphur ℥ i. Verdigreaseʒi . Camphire ℈ i. with Oil of Tartar make a Globe , and moisten it in a little Vinegar , and anoint the Face with it , and let it dry by it self , the morning after wash it off with Milk. With this she was delivered , the which I have experienced an hundred times . For her weeping Eyes was used our Opthalmick Water , set down Observ. 3. to the Temples . For staying the Rheum was applied this : ℞ Bole Armoniackʒii . Mastickʒ s. Dragons bloodʒi . Powder of Gallsʒs . with Whites of Eggs and Vinegar make a Plaster , which apply to each Temple . By these she was speedily cured . OBSERV . XLVIII . Mrs. Symmons of Whitelady-Aston , troubled with a Distillation of the right Eye , for a year , without pain and redness , by reason of which there was diminution of sight , was cured by me for fifteen years , by the following course : For the removing the watering of the Eye , this was used : ℞ Fumatory , Sena , eachʒiii . They were boiled in Whey for one draught , which was often repeated . After was used Pil. sine quib . esse nolo . To the Neck was applied Horstius's Vesiccatory , which I have a long time used with most happy success ( the prescript of which you have in the Marrow of Chirurgery ) above the Eye effected . On the Temples I appointed to be applied Empl. contra Rupt . or in place of it , that prescribed of Bole in the former Observation . In the following Collyrium were dipt two little Spunges , after wrung out , and applied to the Eye , and there bound till dry ; it is most efficacious and approved . ℞ Pomgranate Pills ℥ i. boyl them in Water of Roses , Plantain , Nightshade , each ℥ iij. In the straining dissolve Bloodstoneʒii . Stir it till it be red , after cast away the Faeces , and add Myrrh . ʒss . Sarcocol washed in Milkʒ i. Ceruss . Tutia , eachʒi . White Vitriol , Starch , each ℈ i. Powder them all finely , and mix with the Collyrium . There may be also prepared the Mucilage of the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek , and when you would use the Collyrium , mix a little with it , or in want of these , the White of an Egg. And thus she was cured . OBSERV . XLIX . JVlian West , aged 53 , troubled with an immoderate Flux of her Courses , was cured as followeth : ℞ Sena ℥ i. Troches of Agarickʒiii . Sugarʒvi . Gingerʒi . Currantsʒii . boyl them on a gentle Fire in two quarts of Whey till half a pound be wasted . Of this Decoction take ℥ iss . morning and night for three days , which emptied her Body from ill humors . The fourth day was given the following : ℞ Crocus Martis in red Wineʒiss . After was given the following : ℞ the Yolk of an Egg , with a little Sallet-Oil , mix them with the following Herbs , viz. Motherwort , St. Johns-wort , Milfoil , and Celendine , and make a Fritter . Take one a day made thus for nine days . To the Back was applied an Emplaster framed of Creta and Whites of Eggs , by which she was delivered . Take this from the Translator , which hath been often experimented by him on several Persons . ℞ Plantain water ℥ ii . Rubarb powdered ℈ ii . Yellow Myrobalans powdered ℈ i. Syrup of dried Roses ℥ ss . mix them , and give it at seven a clock in the morning , two hours after , taking some broth . The next day was opened the Liver-vein of the right Arm , and there was removed ℥ vi of Blood or more , often stopping it . After bleeding was given the following : ℞ Conserve of Roses ℥ iv . Magistral of Coral , and Pearl , of eachʒi . Confection of Jacyntsʒi . mix them , and make an Electuary . The Dose was the quantity of a Nutmeg , five or six times a day , taking every morning and evening an hour after it a spoonful of the Tincture or Syrup of Coral , with the Waters of Roses and Plantain , of each three spoonfuls . The following hath been proved as successful : ℞ the Pulp of Tamarinds ℥ ss . Mace ℈ i. Yellow Mirobalansʒii . Rubarb . ʒi . Schaenanth . pss. boyl them in Plantain water to three ounces ; to the straining add Rubarb torrified powdered ℈ i. Syrup of dried Roses ℥ i. make a Potion . Which was given in the morning . The next , six Ounces of Blood were removed , that is , two ounces at a time , by repetition , so much distance of time betwixt , as one might go a stones cast . After bleeding was taken the following : ℞ Crocus Martis , Troches de Carab . eachʒii . Conserve of Roses , Marmalad of Quinces , ℥ i. Syrup of Myrtles , so much as may make an Electuary . There was given of it ʒi morning and night so long as was necessary , drinking after it of Plantain water ℥ iij. Sugar , and a spoonful of the Tincture of Coral . OBSERV . L. JOhn Smith of Newnam , aged 60 , was miserably tormented with the retention of Urine for three days , caused by the Stone , in which fell out a total Suppression with hazard of Life . For his ease many things were used without any advantage . At last they sent for me , to whom I successfully gave the following : ℞ Winter Cherry●erries N. vj. Parsley seedʒiij . boyl them in sufficient quantity of Milk , with which make Posset-drink , of which he took ℥ vi . Syrup of Marshmallows by Fernelius ℥ i. Holland Powderʒii . mix them . He drank White-wine , wherein Winter Cherries bruised were infused . To the Region of the Bladder , and between the Yard and Anus was appl●ed hot the next : Take a good big Onion , and Head of Garlick , fry them with Butter and Vinegar . These thus used , procured Urine within an hour , with some stones and gravel ; and so was he delivered from that long , pernicious and eminent Danger , for which God be praised . OBSERV . LI. Mrs. Sheldon of Bel-end , aged 55 , was miserably afflicted with an old Cough , and withall , dulness of hearing , was cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒss . Pil. Aurear. sine quib . ā ℈ i. f. Pil. 5. She took three at night , and two in the morning . The day after was exhibited the following Powder , from ℈ i to ʒi . for every day , morning and night , with white Wine , Broth , or other grateful Liquor . ℞ Card. Bened. Sinap . Sylvest . ā ℈ ij . Piper . long . ℈ i. Sen. ʒii . Sem. Anis ▪ ʒss . Diagrid . ℈ ss . misc . f. Pul. subtilis . It was taken for three days . The Cough being very urgent , were given the following Troches , holding one in the Mouth till it be dissolved . ℞ Diatragac . frigid . ʒiss . Sem. Hyosc . alb . ℈ i. Sacc . penid. ℥ i. Opii dissol . in Vin. gener . gr . vi . cum infus . Gum. Tragac. fact . in Aq. Ros. f. Troch . They are very profitable between sleep in the Night . By these she was altogether freed from her Cough . For her dulness of hearing was used in the morning a Fume received into the Ear by a Tunnel . It was framed of the Decoction of Origanum , Rhue , Marjoram , Spica Celtic . Bay berries , Juniper berries , seeds of Fennel , Carraway , Cummin , boiled in Wine . After which was put in Musk with Wooll in the night ; but in the day Garlick , being first perforated , and after macerated in Honey . In the day time also was drawn into the Nose the juice of Pimpernel , Burnet and Beets , which was very profitable , a like quantity of each mixed . By these , with God's blessing , she was cured . OBSERV . LII . Mrs. Sheldon , Wife to the Son , being corpulent , well coloured , was wont to miscarry often , the second month after conception , yet suffered no other accident with it , required my counsel . I advised her to purge , and strengthen the Womb , for which she took Sage in her drinks and meats , also a little of the following Powder in a rare Egge . ℞ Gran. tinctor . Margarit . Tormentil . anaʒ i. Mastic . ʒ ss . Mis. f. pul . There was given as much as would lie on a groat . For the retaining the Infant , this is the best Plaster . ℞ Labd . puris . ℥ i ss Gallar . Mos. Quercin . Bol. Arm. Nuc. Cupres . Ter. Sigil . Mirtil. Ros. rub . Sang. Dracon . Balaust . ana . ℥ ss . pic . Naval . ℥ ii . Tereb . ℥ vi . Malax . omnia simul , f. Empl. Part of which spred on leather , and applied to the Loins , Os sacrum , and the bottom of the Belly . This she used all her time , and after brought forth a lusty hearty Son , and after that more . OBSERV . LIII . Mr. Parker aged 24 , greivously vexed with a long cough ; by divine assistance was cured as followeth . ℞ Venice Terbintine washed in Hyssop water ℥ i. dissolve it according to Art with the yolk of an Egg , to which add ℥ iii of Hyssop water , as also ℥ i. of Syrup of Liquoris . This purged him . After he took every morning the following Mixture : ℞ Flower of Sulphurʒii . Roots of Elicampana , Oris , Liquoris , eachʒ i Hony sufficient to make an Electuary , add Oil of Sulphur ten drops , and make a Licking . When he went to bed , he used this Fume : ℞ Storax , Mastich , Terbentine , red Arsnick , each ℈ iv . Incorporate them with the Yolk of an Egg : After with it anoint little Bits of Juniper , and dry them ; the Fume of which is to be received into the Mouth by a Tunnel . OBSERV . LIV. REceive two or three brief Observations of Thonerus , as to the former Disease , which I could not pass , because much approved ; of which this is the first : A Son of a Citizen of Vlm , being fourteen years old , was molested with a long Cough by the flowing of a thin Catarrhous matter , so that there was a Consumption feared ; the Counsel of other Physicians proving fruitless , he was cured as followeth : ℞ Roots of Elicampana , Polypody of the Oak , Oris , eachʒii . Hyssop , Betony , Carduus benedictus , both the Maiden-hairs , each p. i. Liquorisʒii . Figs , Jujubes , Sebestens , eachʒii . Senaʒvi . Troches of Agar . Mechoac . āʒii . Rubarb ℈ iv . Cinam . ʒi . Galang . ʒii . Make a Bag for lb ii of Hydromel . Of which take ℥ i every day . Being it was a dry Cough , and conjectured to be produced from a thin serous matter , there was prescribed this : ℞ Syrup of Jujubes , Corn-Poppies , each ℥ iss . Olibanum ℈ iiss . Myrrh ℈ i. Liquoris ℈ ii . White Sugar-candy , Penides , eachʒvi . mix them . Of this was taken a small spoonful morning and evening , upon a White-bread Toast moistend in Sack. Thus he was wholly cured , although there was no small danger of a Consumption . OBSERV . LV. ANother was of the Noble Lord of Schellenberg , dwelling in Kiselect , aged 80 , who was grievously tormented with a Cough , abhorring Medicament ; for whom was prescribed the following : ℞ Spec. Diair . simp. Diatrag. calid . āʒi . Sacch . in Aq. Salu. dissol . ℥ iv . f. Confect . in Rotul . oblin . Ol. Cinamom . They promoved abundance of Phlegmatick Excretion by Cough . He commended them for their Affects and Pleasantness . OBSERV . LVI . A Certain Woman of Vline , being troubled with a long Cough from a salt Rheum , was thus cured : ℞ Coriender seeds prepared ℥ ss . Spec. Aromat . Rosat . ʒi . Dianth . ʒss . Spec. Diatrag. frig . ʒi . Aniseeds ℈ ii . the Tablets of Sugar of Roses ℥ v. make a Past , and of it Troches , which are to be taken . ℞ Spec. Diair . S. Diatrag. calid . ʒi . Extrac . Liquor . ʒss . Sacch . in Aq. Farfar . dissol . ℥ iv . Aq. Asthm. ʒii . & f. Rot. By these was expectorated abundance of viscid matter , she was delivered , and praised the Medicines . OBSERV . LVII . EDward Rawlins , aged about two years , had a hard Tumor of one of his Stoes to the bigness of a Hen's Egg , which was cured as followeth : ℞ Linseeds , powder them , and with Linseed Oil make a Pultess , which was applied hot . After there was a little Bag made of Cloth to keep it up in , with which he was cured . OBSERV . LVIII . GOod-wife Palmer of Alcester , afflicted grievously with Pain of the Head and Heart , from obstruction of the Courses , was delivered by the following : ℞ the Syrup of the five Roots ℥ i. Rubarb powdered ℈ i. Diacath . ʒvi . Manna ℥ ss . Mugwort water ℥ iv . mix them . This gave eight stools after the Saphoena was cut . After she took the following : ℞ Troches of Myrrh ℈ ii . Cinamon , Castory , each ℈ i. Syrup of Mugwort and White-wine , each ℥ ii . mix them . This is most excellent for the procuring of the Courses , often proved . OBSERV . LIX . Mrs. Barnes of Tolton , being troubled with the over-flowing of her Courses a month after Birth , was cured only by the following Remedy : ℞ the Shavings of Hartshornʒss . taken in drink , in the morning for four days . She felt present ease , and was altogether restored and cured . OBSERV . XL. TAlbot , the First-born of the Countess of Salisbury , aged about one year , being miserably afflicted with a Feaver and Worms , so that Death was only expected , was thus cured . There was first injected a Clyster of Milk and Sugar . This gave two stools , and brought away four Worms . By the Mouth was given Hartshorn burnt , prepared in the form of a Julep . To the Pulse was applied Vng. Populeonʒii . mix'd with Spiders webs , and a little Powder of Nutshels . It was put to one Pulse of one Wrist one day , to the other the next . To the Stomach was applied Mithridate ; to the Navel , the Emplaster against Worms . And thus he became well in three days , for which the Countess returned me many thanks , and gave me a great Reward . OBSERV . LXI . Mrs. Sheldon of Grafton , aged 24 , was miserably troubled with vomiting her Meat , and Feaver , fourteen days after Birth ; as also she was afflicted with Fits of the Mother , and cold Sweats , was thus delivered : ℞ Posset drink of rasped Harts-horn , and Marygold flowers . For the Mother was given ℈ ii of the white of Hens dung , Tincture of Coral ℈ iiss . Bugloss water ℥ iv . It was given oft in a day , a spoonful or two . To the Navel was applied an Emplaster of Caranna , in the midst of which was put three grains of Musk. To the Stomach was applied this : ℞ Labdan . ʒi . Waxʒii . Cloves , yellow Sanders , each ℈ i. Mastickʒi . Myrrhʒss . with Oil of Wormwood and Mace make a Plaster . By these she was cured . OBSERV . LXII . Mrs. Davis of Quenton , aged 63 , long tormented with Pain in the Stomach by Wind , helped as followeth : ℞ Spec. Aromat . Rosat . Gabr. ʒii . Rad. Enul . Camp. ʒiii . Cal. Aromat . ʒii . Liquoris ℥ v. Turbith . praep . ℥ ss . Sena ℥ ii . Sem. Anis . ℥ ss . Santonʒii . Rad. Gentian . ʒiss . Sacch . q. s. f. Pul. Dose , as much as will lie upon a shilling , given in Wine . With this she was cured . OBSERV . LXIII . THE Son of Mr. Bishop , aged 6 , being delivered a month before safely from the Small-Pox , fell into a grievous Cough and Feaver , with Worms . ℞ Manna ℈ ii . Diacatholiconʒss . Flower of Cassiaʒii . mix them with Syrup of Liquoris . This he licked of often . I gave also burnt Hartshorn in Milk. His Breast was anointed with the Pectoral Ointment . There was given him our Julep of Poppies , and a Clyster of Milk and Sugar , and so he was cured . OBSERV . LXIV . Mrs. Harvy , now Lady , very religious , five weeks after Child birth , was vexed with a great Flux of Whites , as also Pain and Weakness of the Back , was thus cured : ℞ Dates as many as you please , cut them small , and with purified Honey make an Electuary . This she used in the morning . By this only Remedy she was cured , freed from her Pain which came often , stayed the Whites , and made her fat . OBSERV . LXV . Mrs. Randolph , aged about 27 , troubled with Wind in the Stomach , and too much Flux of her Courses , being discolour'd with torment of her Stomach after Meat , was thus cured : To the Back was applied this Emplaster : ℞ Bole Armoniac . Creta , with the Whites of Eggs make a Plaster . For the staying of the Flux of the Courses was given a Penny-weight of Allum in red Wine . There was also used the Powder prescribed Observ. 46. Thus in the space of four days she was cured . OBSERV . LXVI . Mrs. Barnes , being great with Child , and near delivery , fell into a Tertian Feaver , which was accompanied with Thirst , Watching , Pain of the Head , a miserable pricking Pain on the left side . She was aged about 28 , was cured as followeth : ℞ the Powder of white Hellebore a sufficient quantity , apply it with slit Figs to the Pulse of each Wrist : It was removed every four and twenty hours . For ordinary drink , ℞ Barley ℥ iii. Succory M i. Roots of Succory ℥ iii. Syrup of Roses and Violets , each ●i . Liquoris slicedʒiii . Figs iii. Currants ℥ ii . Sugar-candy ℥ ii . Boyl them all in eight quarts of Water , till a quart be wasted , after strained , it was drank cold . To the Side was used this Ointment , ℞ Vng. Dialth . ℥ i. Ol. Amygd . dulc . ʒiii . Misc. The Side being anointed with it , there was applied a Linnen Cloth spread with Butter , it was applied hot . There being very great pain of the Head , there was used the following Ointment : ℞ Ointment of Alabaster ℥ ss . Opium gr . vii . mix them . With this were the Temples anointed , and to them some of it applied . By these means she was cured , and delivered from danger of Miscarriage . She was cured in seven days space . OBSERV . LXVII . RObert Sartor of Stratford upon Avon , aged about 34 , fell into a violent bleeding at the Nose , which intermitted for four hours , and returned again , was stopt as followeth : I caused Tents made of new Cloth , often dipp'd in Frog-spawn in March , and dried , to be put up his Nostrils , made strong Ligatures below the Shoulders . After the following Plaster was spread upon Linnen , and applied to the Forehead , Temples , and Neck very often , cold : ℞ burnt Argil , and powdered , M ii . Wine vinegar lb iss . mix them to consistence of an Emplaster : And thus within half an hour the Flux was stayed . OBSERV . LXVIII . BAron Compton , now Earl of Northampton , aged 55 , in 1617 , was cruelly tormented with Pain of his Teeth , and very much molested with swelling of his Gums , which was removed by the following Remedies : ℞ Pil. de Succ. Crat. ʒiii . f. Pil. N o 18. Of these he took three every morning and night for three days , which purged very well . This Gargarism was used : ℞ the Decoction of the Bark of Guaiacum , and of Barley , each ℥ iv . Syrup of Mulberries , and Honey of Roses , each ℥ ii . Spirit of Vitriol so many drops as will make it taste sharpish . In this also was there often in a day a piece of Spunge , applied to the pained Gums , and there it was held the whole day . By these Medicines he was delivered from all his Symptoms ; the second day he could eat meat , and the third day he was perfectly healed . Thonerus hath some short Observations concerning Pain of the Teeth , which receive here : I have ( saith he ) tryed on my self , if the Tooth be hollow , as also on many others to stop the Tooth with a little Camphire : But if they be not hollow , then he boiled ʒss of Camphire in half a pint of Vinegar , which was held hot in the Mouth . Both which he found successful . One who had Pain of the Teeth , and Tumor of the left Jaw , from a hot defluxion , was thus cured : ℞ Mas. Pil. Aurear. Cochear . sine quib . ā ℈ i. Extract . Catholic . Theophr . gr . vi . cum Aq. Betonic . f. Pil. 27. which was taken . The middle Vein of the left Arm was opened , and the outward Jaw anoint with the following : ℞ Camphireʒi . dissolved , Oil of sweet Almonds . By the use of these was a desired effect . OBSERV . LXIX . THe eldest Son of Mr. Vnderhil of Loxley , aged about 12 , having laboured the summer before of a malign Spotted-Feaver , after fell into the Measels ; of which he was cured Jan. 1. 1634. Being sent for to him , I found him grievously afflicted with the Scurvy ; on the right side he had a Tumor without discoloration , so that I judged there was a Tumor of the Liver . He was grown as lean as a Skeleton , was Melancholy ▪ with black and crusty Ulcers appearing in the Legs . He had a loathing of Meat , a disposition to Vomit , and an Erratic Feaver ; his Urine was red , as in a burning Feaver , yet without thirst or desire to drink . The Pulse was small , weak , and unequal , scarcely to be perceived with the Finger ; all Signs of a confirmed Scurvy . His Parents were very earnest with me to cure him ; I told them , I would do my utmost to do it , but it would require some time , and it would be difficult . I proceeded as follows : ℞ Crystal . Vener . ʒii . Spec. Diatrion . Santal . ʒi . Pul. Holland . a ʒii . M. f. Pul. for four doses . It gave him every day three or four stools without any gripings . The affected Part was anointed with Vnguent . Fido variol . To the Ulcers was used Diapalm . After for three days was given Cream of Tartarʒi , in the morning ; and an hour after was taken the following : Take of our steeled Wine ℥ iiij . the Essence of Fumitory and Germander , ( which you have in Bald. Rons . fol 259. with Senertus in 8vo ) each ℥ ss . Syrup of Brooklime ℥ ii . of Water-cresses ℥ i. Juyce of Scurvy-grass prepared ℥ vi . mix them . The Dose given was four spoonfuls , after which to use exercise : With which he had two stools , and cast up by vomit the first day some Phlegm . The next day in the morning he took Diacurcumʒss . after the steeled Wine . Every third day he purged with Diatart . Quercet . ℈ ss . in the pap of a rosted Apple . After he used our Antiscorbutic Beer . To his Spleen was applied Empl. de Ammoniac . F●rest . Sometimes he used the next : Take Juyce of Scurvy-grass lb ss. Syrup of Brook-lime and Water-cresses , each ℥ iss for three mornings . The Chalibiat Wine was continued for a whole Month , with the Juyce of Scurvy-grass , &c. as before . He purged with Pil. Ammoniac . River . Of ʒss . was made three Pills , one of which he took every third day , which gave him two or three stools . The Side swell'd and pained , was anointed with the following : ℞ Vnguent . Splanch . Magistr . Dialth . ā ℥ i. M. morning and night . In the use of the Scorbutic Beer all other was forbidden . After the use of the former Pills twice , there fell out a painful Tumor of the Foot , which hindred his Sleep by night , and moving by day ; with which were joined Faintings . Therefore to corroborate was used the following : ℞ Pul. Pannon . rub . ℈ i. Magist. Coral . ℈ ss . Lap. Bezoard . gr . iij. M. To the Foot was used the next : Take Brook-lime , M iv . Wormwood , Melilot , Chamomel , Sage , each M i. Boyl them in sufficient quantity of Beer for a Bath . Which used for three days , he was almost altogether freed from the Pain and Tumor . Then I purged him with the following : ℞ Pill . Ruffi . Stomach . Hier. cum Agaric . ā ℈ i. f. Pil. 6. He took one at Bed-time . The Foot being well , there fell out a miserable Pain in the right Shoulder , which he was freed from in twenty four hours , by the use of Vng. Fido. He never left off the Steeled Wine , except those days he purged . After meals he took of the next so much as would lie upon a shilling : ℞ Plerisar . ℥ ss . Sacch . ℥ ii . Misc. Especially he purged twice with Pil. River . And sometimes he took in a morning two of the following , which gave three or four stools : ℞ Pil. de Ammoniac . ʒi . Gum Gamb . ●ꝑ . gr . ix . sine quib . ʒss . M. f. Pill . By this method he was cured , God be praised . OBSERV . LXX . ANne Green , the Daughter of Mrs. Green , aged 22 , was troubled with Pain of the Head , sometimes a vivid Colour through all the whole Body , after that white , with an universal Itch over the Body , with painful Pustles , so that she could not walk without great Pain , was thus cured : ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Hermodactiles ℥ iss . Guaicum , Liquoris , each ℥ i. Polypody of the Oak , Sena , ā ℥ ii . Agaric . ʒii . Roots of Fennel , Parsly , each ℥ i. Betony , Sage , each Mss. Rosemary p. i. The Seeds of Anis , Carraways , and Coriander , each ℥ ss . Cinamonʒi . Boyl them in eight pints of Water , till half be wasted ; after strain it , and of the strained Liquor takeʒiiss . Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ i. Oil of Vitriol so much as will make it sharpish . It was given , and procured five stools . This being continued five days , the Body was well purged . After was given this Decoction : Take of China slicedʒiii . Infuse it in three pints of Spring water for twenty four hours , after boil them on a gentle Fire till half be wasted . After being strained , there was given a Draught in a morning five hours before Dinner , and also three hours before Supper , hot , till all was drunk . It was given every third day . After the use of this Sudorifick Decoction , the following Bath was used : ℞ Oak leaves M xx . Fennel M xv . Roots of Briony , Elicampane sliced , each M iv . Brimstone , Allum , Sea salt , each lb i . Boyl them in sufficient Water for a Bath . From the Bath she went into her Bed , and sweat . After , her Body was anointed with the following : ℞ Roots of Elicampane , Briony , each as much as pleased , Alum a little , make an Ointment with May Butter . By these means she became fair and smooth . OBSERV . LXXI . JOhn Nason of Stratford upon Avon , Barber , aged 40 , always after Meat suffered most bitter Pains of the Stomach , as also cruel Misery in the Loins , so that he had seldom any Sleep at nights , was entring into the Yellow Jaundice ; his Urine was thin , red , the Crown yellow and frothy . ℞ our Emetick Infusion ℥ i. It gave six Vomits , and four Stools . The following day , ℞ Horehound ℥ ●● Hops ℥ i. Roots of Bugloss , Elicampane , and Eupatory , eachʒss . Rubarb grosly slicedʒi . Wood of Aloesʒiss . Boyl them all in three pints of White-wine , till the third part be wasted ; after strain it without expression ; to the straining add the Juyce of Goose-dung half a pint . Of this he took ℥ iii with white Sugarʒii . This quantity he drunk betimes in the morning . And thus in few days space he was cured , and well coloured . OBSERV . LXXII . BAron Compton , aged 55 , was infested with bitter Pain by the heat of Urine , was cured by the following Water , often proved by me in this Disease : ℞ the Whites of eight Eggs well beat , Cows milk lb i . Red Rose water lb ss. distill them in a common Still . Of this Water ℞ ℥ iv . Syrup of Alth. Fernel . ℥ i. mix them . It is to be given cold , fasting . And so he was perfectly cured , so that he rode with King James in his Progress into Scotland . OBSERV . LXXIII . Mrs. Boughton , Sister to Mr. Comb of Laufordfair , aged about 36 , very handsom , was afflicted with a most grievous Disease , and bitter Symptoms , for above two years ; and although many expert Physicians did lend their help , yet there was no Profit , yea rather all was more bitter and grievous . She could scarce swallow or breath , she felt something hard in her Throat to the bigness of a Dove's Egg , so that she could scarce swallow either Meat or Drink . This was caused from Wind ; for she felt it move , and in its motion it was sometimes more and less painful . The tumor of the Almonds was not great , from a Rheum which distilled from the Head , which vexed her most in the night . Her Illness and Pain hindred her Sleep , and she feared she should be choaked ; yet her Head was afflicted with a notable numness , and an incredible proneness to sleep ; her Body was so also afflicted , by which she could scarce walk , and natural Action was deprived ; hence there were a long time of Symptoms . By intervals her Hands would be livid , not without coldness ; the Thighs tumified , and a Scorbutick Dropsy broke forth ; all these being caused from the Spleen , Liver , and suppression of the Courses . ℞ Senaʒiiss . Cream of Tartarʒii . the best Turbitb , Hermodactils ; eachʒi . Rubarb , Troches of Agarick , each ℈ ii . Scamoni ●pꝑ . ʒss . Mace , Cinamon , Galangal , eachʒiii . Sugar of Violets the weight of all , make a Powder . Dose from ʒi to ʒii in Broth , wherein was boiled Peniroyal , Mugwort , Horehound , Sage , Betony . This ended , the next Decoction was taken : ℞ China sliced ℥ i. Sassafrasʒiii . Spring water lb vi. Juyce of Limons ℥ ii . Infuse them for twenty four hours , after boil them till a third part be wasted , and then let it pass through an Ippocras bag . Of which there was drunk ℥ v morning and night , with ℥ ii of the Juyce of Scurvy-grass prepared . Every third day , if the Body was not open , was given a Clyster framed of ℥ xii of the former Decoction , red Sugar ℥ ii . and Honey of Rosemary flowers ℥ iii. For her Mouth , ℞ Spring water ℥ ii . Oil of Vitriol so many drops as made it very sharp , in which Water was dipp'd a Feather , and so conveyed to the swell'd Fauces . This was done often in each hour , by the use of which there ran out , and was spit forth continually very much Phlegm . After was used a Fume of Amber , which was received by a Tunnel into the Mouth . To the Stomach was applied our Plaster for the Stomach , Observ. 19. ℞ Diamor . simp. ℥ v. Mel Rosar . ℥ iv . Succ. Matris sylvae ℥ viii . Aq. Hord. ℥ xii . Ol. Sulph . q. s. ad gratam acidit . This Gargarism was often used in a day . Thus she was cured , and lived eight years after . OBSERV . LXXIV . ESquire Beaufou , ( whose Name I have always cause to honour ) at the end of his Supper eating great quantity of Cream , about the age of 70 , after his first sleep he found himself very ill , and so continued . The second day he sent for me , I found his Pulse quick , and his Urine red and little , often pissing , his Stomach full of Phlegm and Choler , as appeared : for falling into a voluntary vomiting , there came up a great quantity of Choler , like the Yolks of Eggs putrified . This considered , I gave him an ℥ of our Emetick Infusion , which gave ten Vomits and three Stools , which answered desire . To drink , he had prescribed the Decoct on of Hartshorn with Sugar and Limon . And thus he was cured in four days . OBSERV . LXXV . ESquire Packinton was troubled with want of Appetite , to whom I prescribed the following Powder , which was taken for many days : ℞ Senaʒiii . Ginger , Mace , each ℈ i. Cinamonʒss . Cream of Tartarʒii . mix them , and make a Powder . Dose ʒi in Broth. This restored his Appetite , for which he thanked me , desiring the Receipt . The next year after he also used it with good success . The following hath cured many of the like Affect : First purge with a Potion framed of the Decoction of Wormwood and Agrimony , and ℥ ss of Diaphaenicon . After was drunk the following : ℞ Leaves of Agrimony , Wormwood , and Centaury , each M i. Boil them in water to lb ss of the straining ; add a little Sugar , drink it every morning for three or four mornings . OBSERV . LXXVI . MR. Rogers , Clerk , aged about 40 , was troubled with Pain in the Throat , Tumor of the Tonsils and Palat ; he could hardly either swallow or breath , and was almost strangled , to whom I coming prescribed the following : ℞ Figs , Liquoris , Raisins , Anise seeds , each ℥ i. Spring water lb iv . Boyl them till half be wasted , and use it for ordinary drink . Take the Fume of Amber oft in a day . To the Neck and Tumor appearing , I commanded this Cataplasm : ℞ Green Wormwood M ii . Hogs grease as much as will make a Pultis , being well beat together . In one nights space he was cured , and had his swallowing again . This was proved an hundred times . OBSERV . LXXVII . THe Lady Beaufou , godly , honest , being of a noble Extract , continuing healthful till the age of 28 , which was 1617 , July 1. fell into a burning malign continual Feaver , with great Pain of the Head , most vehement Heat , Pain in the Stomach ; the Body all over , especially the Arms , was full of spots ; the Urine was red and little . It was then called the New Feaver , it invaded many , I was called the third day of its Invasion . The Stomach being stuffed and burdened with ill humors , as I perceived , I advised the following Vomit : ℞ Emetick Infusionʒix . This gave twelve Vomits without any great trouble . The day before she had ( unknown to me ) drunk much Milk to quench her thirst , by reason whereof the Vomit at first drew forth a wonderful quantity of curdled Milk , so that she was almost choaked , after came Choler mixed with Phlegm , afterward burnt Melancholy . She had also six Stools Phlegmy , mixed with green Choler and much Serosities . Her vomiting ending in three hours , I gave a Pill of Laudan . Paracelsi gr . vii . ( sure he mistook her , for four is a good Dose ) after which she slept four hours , the Pain of her Head ceasing . Then to me unknown her Servant gave her a draught of Whey , which being drunk , she presently had three Vomits of black Stuff without any trouble , and two such like Stools , and was cruelly afflicted with the Hiccough , to allay which I gave Claret wine burnt with Aromatick , which succeeded ; she was quieter the rest of the Night , but did not sleep well . In the morning I gave Chicken-broth , made with appropriate Herbs , and so for four hours she rested . At the end of that time I gave a draught of the Decoction of Hartshorn hot . On Munday morning having some evacuation , I appointed the same Decoct , should be given cold . She was miserably afflicted with Pustles , with great heat of the Tongue and Throat , that she could not drink without great diffiiculty , for which she used the following Gargarism : ℞ Diamoron . simp. ℥ iv . Honey of Roses ℥ ii . Rosewater lb j . Oil of Sulphur , so much as made it sharpish . After the use of the Hartshorn Decoction , the seventh day , the Pox appeared , yet the foresaid Gargarism was used for the Throat , and she drunk of the Decoction of Hartshorn cold four times a day , and so she was cured . I ordered that the Pox after the eighth day should be anointed with this : ℞ common Oil , and Carduus water , well shaked together , and so there were left no Scars . OBSERV . LXXVIII . MR. Farman , afflicted with the Small Pox , whilst being at my Lady Beaufou's , so that he could not go to his Father 's at Leicester . To expel them , I gave him this : ℞ Diascordiumʒi . Mithrid . ʒss . Croc. ℈ ss . Aq. Dracuncul . ℥ iii. Corn. Cervi ℈ i. f. Haustus . This caused him to sweat , and the same day began to appear his Pox. This caused no small joy to his Sister , and thankfulness to God , that he was delivered from the Jaws of Death . For his thirst , he drank at his pleasure the Decoction of Hartshorn , and used the same Gargarism prescribed for the Lady Beaufou ; as also anointed his face often in a day , when it began to dry , with this : ℞ Carduus water ℥ ii . Sallet Oil ℥ iss . Stir them much together . This removed the Pits . OBSERV . LXXIX . THE Lady Rouse of Rouselench , aged 27 , fell into a Quotidian Feaver two days after Child birth ; in the very Fit she was most violently afflicted with the Head-ach , as also cruel Pain in the Neck , was thus cured : ℞ Diascord . ʒi . Magist. Perlar. Tinctur . Coral . ā gr . xii . Aq. Card. benedict . ℥ ii . It was given two hours before the Fit , it was reiterated before the next Fit , and so for two days . She was delivered from the Pain of her Neck with this Plaster : ℞ Caran . ℥ i. dissol . in Vino Hispan . Pic. alb . ℥ i. f. Empl. Spread it upon Leather , and apply it to the Neck . And thus she was delivered from her Pain and Feaver . OBSERV . LXXX . WIlliam Clavel , troubled with a virulent Gonorrhea , and extream heat of Urine , having been under anothers hands for a month without Profit , was cured with the following Remedies in fifteen days space , being in the Month of November : ℞ Gum. Guaiac . pul . ℥ i. It was given in Beer . It gave five stools . Afterwards he took a pint of the following Decoction , morning and night : ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Hermodactils ℥ iss . Guaiacum , Liquoris , each ℥ i. Sena ℥ ii . Seeds of Anis , Carraway , and Coriander , each ℥ ss . Boyl them in eight pints of Water , till half be wasted . After the strained Liquor was taken , Dose ℥ iv . there was given the following Electuary : ℞ Gum. Tragacant . ℥ ss . dissolve it in sufficient quantity of Plantain water , strain it , add Gum. Guaiacum powderedʒii . Terbentine burntʒi . mix them . Doseʒiss . By the use of the Decoction of Sarsaparilla he was very well purged , and delivered altogether from the pains of the Loins , and the heat of Urine in four days , and by the use of the Electuary he was altogether cured of his Gonorrhea . OBSERV . LXXXI . RIchard Wilmore of Norton , aged 14 , vomited black Worms , about an inch and half long , with six feet , and little red heads ; when he was to vomit , he was almost dead , but in a little time after he revived , I gave him Merc. Vitae . The next day after his Father brought some wrapped up in Paper , they crept like Earwigs , and were very like , save in colour , he earnestly desired my best advice . I considering the state of the Disease , the strength of the Party , and that for most part he was thus cruelly afflicted every New Moon , unless he devoured abundance of Meat , insomuch that he was ready to tear himself in pieces , I gave the following Remedies : ℞ Merc. Vitae gr . iii. Conserv . Ros. parum . This gave seven Vomits , and brought away six Worms , such as I never beheld or read of . The following day I gave this : ℞ the Emetick Infusionʒv . It gave five Vomits , and brought up three Worms . The third day I gave the following : ℞ Spec. Diaturb . cum Rhab. ʒi . Pul. Sen. lax . ʒss . Aq. Portulac . ℥ iii. Syr. Ros. sol . ℥ ii . Ol. Vitriol . gut . 8. Misc. This purged well , but brought away no Worms . Thus he was delivered , and gave me many thanks . I met him two years after , and asked him whether he had any Erosion of the Stomach , or an Ejection of Worms , and he told me he had never been troubled with it since . OBSERV . LXXXII . Mrs. Kempson , being for many days and nights cruelly tormented with a hollow Tooth , and had used many Medicines , as also Charms , and yet not profited , came running to me , to whom I prescribed the following Water , which being used , removed the Pain , provoking a great deal of spitting , which was very thin : ℞ Water of Corn Poppy ℥ ii . Oil of Vitriol so much as made it sharp , being well mixed . There was dipp'd in it Lint , and applied to the hollow Tooth , it was reiterated often . This speedily removed the Tooth-ach , yet Pain in the Head continued , for which was prescribed the following Pills : ℞ Pil. Coch. ʒss . Aurear. ʒi . Troch . Agaric . ℈ ss . cum Aq. Betonic . f. Pil. 7. These gave ten Stools , and three Vomits , and brought away four great long Worms by stool . And thus was she delivered from her foresaid Symptoms . OBSERV . LXXXIII . BAron Compton , President of Wales , being much afflicted with swelling of the Face arising from Rheum , which made his Face very ill-favoured , was thus cured : ℞ Vnguent . Dialth . ℥ ss . Ol. Chamomel . Viol. Amygd . d. āʒii . Axung . Gallin . ʒi . f. Vnguent . With this his Face was anointed , and a double Linnen Cloth laid upon it . He took ʒiss of Amber Pills , when he went to bed , by which the Tumor of the Face was removed . There was used as a Gargarism , the following : ℞ Syrup of red Poppiesʒss . Water of the same ℥ iii. Oil of Vitriol so much as made it sharp . And thus he was wholly cured in two days . OBSERV . LXXXIV . ESquire Rainsford , aged 35 , being miserably afflicted with a malign Feaver , Thirst , Wind , Pain of the Spleen , Tumor of the Stones , and Hypochondriac Melancholy , was cured as followeth : ℞ Manna ℥ ss . Rubarbʒi . This he took in Posset-drink . It gave five Stools without any ease , with this he purged himself . I being called , applied the following Plaster to the Region of the Spleen : ℞ Labdan . ʒii . Cerae flav . ℥ i. Empl. Melilot . ℥ ii . Emplast . ex Saturn . rub . ℥ ss . Being well freed from the Wind , for the flatuous Tumor in the Scrotum was first applied a Pultis made of Rue , Chamomel , Parsly , boiled in Claret-Wine . This removed , was applied a Plaster framed ex Empl. Nostr . Saturnali , & Melilot . ā part . aequal . By these that Tumor was removed . To mollify the Belly was used the following Clyster : ℞ Ol. Sem. Lin. ℥ viii . Ol. Rutae , & Cham. ā ℥ i. Diaphoen . & Diacath . ā ℥ ss . in Vin. Hispan . dissol . f. Clyst . It gave two Stools with Wind. He after complained of his Stomach , for which the third day I gave him this : ℞ Emetick Infusion ℥ i. Aqua Coelestis three drops . It gave six Vomits . This removed his Illness , and want of Appetite . The same day he took the Vomit , at the hour of Sleep was given the following : ℞ Diascordiumʒi . Syrup of Limons ℥ i. It was given in Posset-drink . The next day after the Vomit , he received a Clyster framed of Diacatholicon , red Sugar , and Milk , which gave two Stools , and thus was cured . OBSERV . LXXXV . MR. Barns , aged 36 , being long lame of a Canker in the Leg , was thus cured : First , I purged his Body with Pills , after I used a Decoction of Guaiacum . After I applied the following : ℞ White Copperas ℥ ii . Bole Armoniack ℥ i , ʒii . Camphireʒiii . Make a Powder , of which take ℥ i. which was cast in hot Smiths Forge-water ; after a while it was taken from the Fire , and taken from the setling . With this Water ( I may say ) the same Ulcer was washed , and a Cloth laid upon it wet in the said Water ; with which being almost cured , to cicatrize it I used the following Plaster : ℞ White Lead lb ss. Cretae ℥ iv . Powder them , and with Hogs grease make a Plaster . It was applied the thickness of ones Finger , and lay on nine days . Before it was applied , the Canker was washed with the following : Take white Copperas , and boil it in water . After the Plaster was removed , another was applied for six days , a third was applied three days , and always it was washed before . By these he was cured . OBSERV . LXXXVI . GOod-wife Sheffeild , a Husbandman's Wife of Old Stratford , aged 48 , was cruelly afflicted with a Dysentery , and much weakned with the Flux of her Courses ; having been retained for five years before , was cured as followeth : ℞ Laud. Parac . gr . vi . Mithrid . ℈ ss . Conserve of Rosesʒiss . Crocus Martis ℈ i. mix them . By this she was freed from her Dysentery , and Flux of Courses ; yet being vexed with thirst , this was given : ℞ red Poppy Water ℥ iv . Syrup of Violets ℥ ss . mix them . And thus she was freed from all . OBSERV . LXXXVII . THe most Illustrious Lord , Lord William Compton , President of Wales , being troubled with a Distillation from the Head to the Gums ; he had also want of Appetite , which I cured as followeth : ℞ Sena well picked from the stalks ℥ ss . Rubarbʒii . Agarickʒi . Cinamonʒvi . Infuse them all for twelve hours in Borage and Succory Water warm , of each ℥ x. In the morning they were boiled to the wasting of four ounces , after being strained six or seven times , and sweetned with four ounces of Sugar : He took of this ℥ ii when he went to bed , with which in the morning he had a great stinking Stool , that being the 21th of April . The 22th in the morning he took ℥ v of the said Decoction , by which he had eight Stools . The 23th , ℞ Pil. Aurear. de Rubarb . āʒi . By which he had thirteen Stools . After the third Stool he began to be better , there being taken Broth. The Body well purged , the following Decoction was administred : ℞ China slicedʒii . Sassafras cut into thin round pieces ℥ ss . Boyl them in eight pound of Water till half be wasted . Of this he took ℥ iv at the least for eight days , every fourth day taking ℈ ii of Pil. Ruffi . And thus he was cured . OBSERV . LXXXVIII . MY Lady Beaufou , troubled with Indigestion of Meat , and Wind after eating , with Obstructions of the Liver , was cured with the following Prescriptions ; ℞ the Roots of Docks pithed ℥ iv . Leaves of Agrimony M v. The Leaves of Succory with the whole M ii . Boil them in three gallons of new Beer , till half a gallon be wasted , strain it , and put Barm to it ; after put it in a Vessel , and into it the following Bag : ℞ Sarsaparilla , Sassafras , Shavings of Ivory , each ℥ i. Sena , Polypody , each ℥ v. Hermodactils ℥ ii . Liquoris ℥ ss . Galangal , Rubarb , each ℥ ss . Mecoachan ℥ i. Cinamon , Cloves , each ʒi . Cut them all grosly , and mix them , and put them into a Canvas bag , with a stone in the bottom , being put into the Beer , tye it at the top of the Barrel . After ten or twelve days she took a draught morning , and at four in the afternoon . By this she was well purged , and digested her Meat very well . OBSERV . LXXXIX . ESque Packinton , as he was riding to London , in his Inne was suddenly and miserably afflicted with the Gout in hands and feet , so that he could neither stand nor handle any thing . Being called to him , I thus cured him : ℞ Mallowes with the roots cut small , they were boyled in equal parts of Wine and Vinegar , to the wasting of the third part , to which was added Rye bran after a light boyling . They were laid to the pained Joints , with which he was well eased in one day , and delivered from the Inflammation by fomenting the parts with Water of the spawn of Frogs . After was applied Emplast . Diachalcit . The same day I gave ʒii Pul. Sen. Montag . cum Hermodact . gr . xv . He was restored the third day , and rid towards London . OBSERV . XC . WIlson of Stratford , aged about 48 , was miserably afflicted ( for a long time ) with Pain of the Stomach , and Indigestion , so that he durst scarce eat ; to whom being called , I cured with only the following Powder : ℞ Senaʒvi . Ginger , Fennel seed , Zedoary , Cummin seed , eachʒii . Cloves , Galangal , Nutmegs , eachʒi . Rubarbʒii . Sugar Candyʒvi . make a Powder . Dose , the quantity of a Bean spread on a Toast , first moistned in Wine , morning ; and at night when he went to bed , the quantity of a Filbert with a little Wine , by which he was cured . Thus the Author . I remember that both Riverius and Thonerus cured each one , cruelly tormented with Pain in the Stomach , with letting blood : the latter cured several others , two with distilled Oil of Carraway seed , five drops in two spoonfuls of hot Broth ; two other with the like quantity of Oil of Amber , given in like manner for some days . OBSERV . XCI . Mrs. Hanberry of Worcester , aged 30 , cruelly tormented with the Cholick , and Pain of the Back , that she could not stand upright , was thus cured : ℞ Emplast . Nost . Caran . which was applied to the Loins . To the Belly was applied the following : ℞ Featherfue , Rhue , Chamomel , each M i. Seeds of Carraway , Cummin , Lovage , Anis , Carrots , each M ss . Boil them all in sufficient quantity of Claret Wine , after strain them , but not too hard : Which apply to the Belly till they be cold ; after they are cold , heat them again in the same Wine , and so do twice or thrice , or as need is . There was given inwardly Seeds and Tops of red Nettles boyled in White-wine , I mean the Decoction , it was given in a morning hot . And thus she was delivered from all her Symptoms . OBSERV . XCII . THe Sister of my Neighbour Sheffeild , much debilitated with too great a Flux of her Courses , to whom I gave of Alum the weight of two pence in Rose water , for three days , fasting . Two hours after she took Broth made of Mutton , altered with Milfoil , and the inner Bark of an Oak . She drunk her Drink steeled . With which she was cured safely and quickly . OBSERV . XCIII . MY Lady Rouse , being in the eight Month of Child-bearing , was infested with Convulsion of the Mouth , very ill-favoured ; she was aged 28. ℞ Rosemary ashes what quantity pleased , with which was made a Lye with Whitewine , with which the affected part was fomented with four double Linnen . After to anoint was used the Unguent , with the Oils in the beginning of Observ. 36. There was held in her Mouth Rose water sharpned with Oil of Vitriol . And so she was cured , as in the foresaid Observation . OBSERV . XCIV . MR. Barns of Clifford , after the pulling out of a rotten Tooth , was troubled with a Flux of Blood from the same place , two days after , which I cured in a short space : he having bled twenty four hours , having no Remedy for present at hand ; I bid him to hold cold water in his Mouth , and often cast it out , and so he continued till other Medicines were provided : After I used this : ℞ White Vitriol , part ii . Bole Armoniack pa.i. Camphire pa.ss. Rose water hot , sufficient to make a Lotion ; In which dip a Linnen Cloth often , and apply cold to the place . This was used five hours , and then it ceased . But after a time it bled again , which I stayed with a Spunge dipped in the aforesaid Lotion , and Crocus Martis put upon it : And so he was altogether cured . This Observation of the Author's calls to mind a like Accident , which befell to a Maid in Cornhil , near Popes-head Ally , London , which when other means proved successless , I stayed , by keeping my Fingers only upon the Mouth of the Artery , removing them several times . OBSERV . XCV . ONe Hudson , a poor Man , labouring of a swimming in his Head , called Vertigo . I caused ℥ x of Blood to be taken from the Cephalica , purged him with Pil. Aurear. & Cochear . ā ℈ ii . Troch . Alhand . gr . viij . f. Pil. 7. They gave nine stools . Lastly he took Peacock dung driedʒi . infused in White-wine for a night , and after strained . And this he continued from New Moon to Full Moon , and was cured . OBSERV . XCVI . THE Lady Rouse , being with Child , was miserably troubled with the Mother , and Faintings , and extreme Pain in the Head : First , she had a Fume of Horse hoofs burnt , which restored her as soon as it was drawn into her Nostrils . Then she had a Suppository put up , framed of Honey , and Pul. Sanctus , which gave two stools , and brought away much Wind. She had a Fume of Odorificks below , and smelt to stinking things . Her Neck was anointed with Oil of Spike , after with Vnguent . Martiatum . She having the year before been troubled with Tortura Oris , and now much fearing it , in a morning fasting she took the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Electuary : ℞ Species Dianthos . Conserve of Borage , each ℥ i. Mithridate , Diacymini , eachʒii . Harts-horn preparedʒiii . In Broths she took Hartshorn prepared . To her Navil was applied a Plaster of Caranna , in the middest of which was put Musk gr . iii. Thus she was cured , and at due time was brought to bed , March 16. 1620. OBSERV . XCVII . Mrs. Mary Murden , aged 17 , labouring of a few and ill coloured Courses , Pain of the Head , and Redness of the Face after Meat , was cured as followeth : ℞ the Roots of Fennel and Parsly , each ℥ ii . of Sparagus , and Butchers broom , each ℥ iii. Calamus Aromaticus ℥ ss . Betony , Mugwort , Avens , Water-cresses , Hyssop , Rosemary , Penyroyal , Nettles , each Mss. Elicampana roots ℥ ss . Liquoris ℥ ii . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , each ℥ iii. Raisins stoned , Mi. Sena , Polipody , each ℥ iv . Hermodactils ℥ ii . Rubarb , Agarick , each ʒii . Boyl them all in a gallon of Water till half be wasted ; in the strained Liquor was dissolved Syrup of Mugwort , Augustanus , Succory with Rubarb , each ℥ ii . Dose ℥ iii to v. By the use of which she was presently cured . OBSERV . XCVIII . DIxwel Brunt of Pillerton , aged 3 years , hada Tumor of the Navil , out of which broke five long Worms out of a little hole like a Fistula ; the Nurse pulled out four dead , but the fifth was somewhat alive , the fore-part not moving , the hinder part stirred , as witnessed the Nurse , Father , Mother , and Maid . The Tumor being hard , I appointed a Plaster of Hony to be applied . The same day was given a Suppository of Honey , but no Worms appeared . The next day was applied a Cataplasm framed of green Wormwood , beat with the Gall of an Ox , and boyled . There was given a Suppository . After these the Navil was cured , and he lived . OBSERV . XCIX . THe Countess of Northampton , March 6. 1620. fell into that Dropsey called Anasarca , with swelling of the Face and Feet , and was cured as followeth : ℞ the Decoction prescribed for Mrs. Murden , Observ. 97. adding of Rubarbʒii . Sena ℥ ss . The Dose given was ℥ iv for three days . The first day it gave eight Stools , the second day eighteen , and the third fifteen , without any loss of strength . After she took for five mornings the quantity of a Nut of Electuar . Diacubeb . After she used the following Decoction : ℞ Guaiacum lb i . Soldanellae siccae M i. Cinamon ℥ ii . Currans ℥ ii . Boyl them in lb ix of Water till half be wasted ; being kept in a hot place , there were poured in three pints of White-wine . Of this was taken ℥ vi in the morning hot , and ℥ iv in the evening , covering her well to sweat . Every morning after she had sweat , an hour after she took of the foresaid Electuary , and every third day she was purged with the following : ℞ Mecoachanʒiss . Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ i. Wormwood water simple , and Sack , each ℥ ii . It gave first two Stools , after that two Vomits , after that three Stools , after that one Vomit , at last twelve Stools , after which the Tumor was altogether removed . After which she took Elect. Chalyb . Crat. By which she was perfectly cured , and brought to a good colour in twenty days space . OBSERV . C. Mrs. Goodman , aged about 54 , was troubled with a Pain of her Head and Stomach , and was cured as followeth : ℞ Mass. Pil. Mastic . ℈ ii . Aloes ros . ℈ i. cum Syr. Ros. sol . f. Pill . They were taken before supper , and so continued for three days . After upon a fasting Stomach take of the following Electuary the quantity of a Filbert : ℞ Conserve of red Roses ℥ iv . Spec. Aromat . Gabr. ʒiss . Cloves slicedʒi . Amber-grease gr . vi . Mix them with the Syrup of Citron Pills . By these she was perfectly cured . The Second Century . OBSERV . I. MAster Penil , Gentleman to Esq Grevil of Milcot , was troubled with Spots and Pustles , that broke forth in his Hands , which being broke , there dropp'd forth a clear venemous Water , which inflamed and excoriated the Hands greatly . Many Remedies being used in vain , the Head also was enflamed and burned , and full of scales ; being aged about 38 , was thus freed : ℞ Agrimony , Scurvygrass , Water-cresses , each M i. Sage , Cichory , Fumitory , each Mss. Elicampana root ℥ ss . Polipody of the Oak ℥ iii. Roots of Sassafras ℥ ss . Boyl them all in lb xii of Water till half be wasted . In the straining add Rubarb , Agarick , each ℥ ss . Sena , and Liquoris , each ℥ i. Seeds of Anis , Carraway , Coriander , eachʒii . Cinamonʒi . Boyl them again till lb ii be wasted : to the straining , add Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ ii . Oil of Vitriol 12 drops . The Dose was ℥ iv , continuing it for four days . Every day he had six or seven stools . To anoint , he used this : ℞ White Ointment camphorated , mixed with the Juyce of Housleek , as much as you please , with which the Hands were anointed . The Liver Vein was opened to ℥ vii . Thus he was quickly cured , and delivered from his Scabs . OBSERV . II. ROgers of Stratford , aged 17 , did labour of Vomiting , Jaundice , stopping of the Courses , and bleeding at the Nose , on April 4. 1621 , was cured as followeth : ℞ Emetick Infusionʒvii . Syrup of Violets , half a spoonful . This given , gave seven Vomits , and five Stools . After this , ℞ the Decoction of Sarsaparilla ℥ iii. the laxative Pouder of Senaʒiss . This purged very well . The third day there was given ʒss of the white of Hens dung in White-wine , with Sugar . And so she was cured . OBSERV . III. Mrs. Randolph , aged 55 , being vexed with a burning Feaver , in which she fell into the yellow Jaundice ; her Urine was red , and Saffron-like , having Pain of her Stomach , with Tumor and hardness , Pain of the Loins , Tumor of the Spleen , and the Dropsy , desired my advice , which was given as followeth : ℞ Emetick Infusionʒvi . Oxymel of Squilsʒii . Syrup of Violets , half a spoonful : mix them . It gave three Vomits , and four Stools the next day . ℞ Elect. è Succ. Ros. ʒii . Diacath . ʒiss . Diaphaenic . ʒiiss . Rub. elect . ℈ ss . Spic . gr . v. Syr. Cichor . cum Rhab. ℥ ss . Aq. Cichor . ℥ iii. f. Haust . It gave eighteen stools . For ordinary Drink , the quiet days she drunk the Decoction of Harts-horn . And thus her Feaver left her , the Jaundice yet remaining : for the removing of which was used the following , ℞ White-wine lb i . Celendine water ℥ vi . Saffronʒi . Theriac . Androm . ʒiii . Bezoar . ℈ i. the Juyce of Goose dung , six spoonfuls : make a sweating Drink . She took it four days , Dose ℥ iv fasting . At night she took the following Electuary : ℞ red and white Sanders , eachʒiii . Currans infused in White wine , and after pulped , ℥ iv . Rubarbʒi . Saffron ℈ i. make an Electuary . The Dose was the quantity of a Nutmeg . For the Tumor of the Belly , ℞ Vnguent . Agrip. ℥ i. Arthanitae ●ss . Martiat . ʒiii . Ol. Nard . Rut. Scorp . ā ℥ ii . Aq. Vitae parum , Aceti . gut . aliquot . f. Vngu . Ar. Sect. Thus she was cured beyond the expectation of her Friends . OBSERV . IV. MR. Broad of the Grange , vexed with a desperate Squi●cy , with a burning Feaver , heat and excoriation of the Tongue , aged 42 , left of all , was thus cured : ℞ the common Decoction for a Clyster lb i . Diacath . & Diaphaen . ā ℥ i. make a Clyster , which injected gave four Stools . He was let blood under the Tongue , used the following Gargarism , ℞ Honey of Roses , Plantain and Rose water , each alike ; to which was added a little Oil of Vitriol . For a licking this : ℞ Syrup of Liquoris and Hyssop , each ℥ ii . Oxymel of Squils ℥ ss . best Honey ℥ i. mix them . It was used after the Gargarism . To the Throat was applied the following : ℞ Green Wormwood , with Hogs grease , make a Cataplasm . I commanded he should be let blood , but he would not , although I told him the danger , which fell out , for he fell into continual burning . For ordinary drink he had the following : ℞ Liquoris , Anis seeds , Figs , Raisins of the Sun , each ℥ i. Boyl them in two quarts of Water till a pint be wasted . And so I left him . The next day his Feaver increased , and his Strength abated , and he said he could not possibly live , and I was sent for speedily . When I came , I found his Life in danger , he could scarce speak , I presently had a Vein cut , and took away ℥ x , with which his speech returned , and he said he found great ease . The same day at the hour of Sleep , I gave him our Julep against the Feaver , and he rested pretty well ; for his ordinary drink , the Decoction of Harts-horn . And thus he was delivered from his Feaver , and danger of Suffocation , and became very well ; for which God be praised , that can only work wonderfully . OBSERV . V. Mrs. Sadler laboured of a grievous Cough , with difficulty of breathing , and loathing of Meat , she was aged 60. ℞ Oxymel of Squilsʒii . Syrup of Violets ℥ ss . Emetick Infusionʒii . mix them . This gave seven Vomits , and twelve Stools , by which she found her self much eased : ℞ Pil. de Succin . Cochear . ā ℈ i. Rhab. Pul. ℈ ss . f. Pil. cum s. q. Oxymel Scill . These gave seventeen Stools . The Lincture was this : ℞ Lohoch . San. & expert . de Pulm. Vulp . Syrup . Liquorit . Tussilag . ā ℥ i. Oxymel . Scill . ʒii . f. Linct . It was taken with a Liquoris stick . She also held in her Mouth one of the following : ℞ Succ. Liquor . ʒiiss . Farin . Amyli , ʒiss . Croci , Myrrh . ā ℈ iss . Opii gr . iii. Styrac . Calam. ʒiii . Syr. Viol. q. s. f. Pil. 24. One of them was taken when she went to bed . And thus in one week she became well . OBSERV . VI. Mrs. Brown , young , of a very good habit of Body , was for three years troubled with a watery Flux of the Belly , especially in the night , having every night no less than six or seven stools . It brought her to extream danger , with great dejection of strength ; she was also much griped , and was sleepless ; who desiring my advice , I prescribed as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒss . Rhab. opt . Pul. ʒi . cum Syr. de Stoechad . f. Pil. 7. By which she had eight stools . ℞ Sarsaparilla , the Bark of Guaiacum , each ℥ ii . Sassafras ℥ i. Guaiacum lb ss. Coriander seeds prepared ℥ iii. Cut and bruise them , after infuse them in Spring water lb xiv . for twenty four hours , after boyl them till half be wasted . At the end of boyling , add Cinamon bruised ℥ iv . Of this Decoction strained she took three draughts every day , one in the morning hot , at four a clock the afternoon , and at going to Bed , both cold . Of the Faeces was made a second Decoction . Her Head being covered , the following Fume was received : ℞ Roman Nigella , Storax , Calamus , Benjamin , eachʒiii . Mace , Cloves , eachʒi . Make a gross Powder for a Fume . ℞ Leaves of Sage , Marjoram , Stoechados , each M ss . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , Cummin , each ℥ ii . Bayberries bruised ℥ ss . Milij . lb i . Common Salt lb ss. torrefy them all in a Frying-pan , and put them into Bags , which apply very hot to the Head and Neck : when they are cold , after use the Fume . With these she was cured . OBSERV . VII . Mrs. Mary Talbot , Sister to the Countess , a Catholick , fair , was troubled with the Scurvy , with swelling of the Spleen , erosion of the Gums , livid Spots of the Thighs , Pain of the Loins and Head , with Convulsion and Palsy of the Tongue ; her Pulse was small and unequal , her Urine was troubled and thick . The Countess asked me whether there were any hopes of Life ? I answered , Yes , if she would be patient and obedient , although her Scurvy was confirmed . I first purged her Body with Pil. Ruffi , and Tart. Vitriol . She used with her Meat Salt of Scurvy-grass , and in her Broths Salt of Wormwood . All other Drinks being forbid , she drunk the following : ℞ Garden Scurvy-grass M iv . Water-cresses , Brooklime , each M ii . Juniper-berries bruised M i. Wormwood M ss . Boyl them in sufficient quantity of new Beer to four gallons , of which make Beer . After fourteen days she begun to drink it in the morning , exercising an hour after . After she swallowed for the space of six days the quantity of a Nutmeg of an Electuary , made of the Flowers of Scurvy-grass ; afterward she began to walk , and at last was very well . OBSER . VIII . MR. Handslop , aged about 61 , afflicted with the Scurvy , with which there was straitness of the Breast , difficulty of breathing , Thirst , yellow Jaundice , hard Tumors of the Thighs , being livid and black , Retraction of the Sinews of the Ham , so that he could not go without a staff , the Appetite lost , and troubled with vomiting , his Pulse was little , scarce perceived to move ; the Urine was various , sometimes thin , the next day yellow without sediment , the Belly was loose ; was thus cured : ℞ Elect. Diacath , & Venterflu . Solenand . āʒii . Confect . Hamech . ʒss . Pul. Senae , cremor . Tart. ā ℈ ss . cum Sacch . f. Bol. This gave six stools , but being weak , he was ready to faint . The next day , ℞ prepared Harts-horn , Shavings of Harts-horn , each ʒi . Powder of Earth-worms ʒiii . Conserve of Barberries , a sufficient quantity to make an Electuary . Dose the quantity of a Filbert . After take six spoonfuls of the following Wine : ℞ Wormwood Wine ℥ iv . the Syrup against the Scurvy by Forest. ℥ ii . mix them . The livid Tumors of the Thigh I bid to foment twice a day with a Decoction of Brook-lime made in Beer , it is to be with doubled Cloaths hot , ℞ New Worms prepared , bruise them in a Mortar with two spoonfuls of Wine , after strain them through a Cloth , to which add a quart of White-wine . Of this was given three spoonfuls morning , four in the afternoon , and night , and an hour after it ℥ ii of the following : ℞ Syrup . Sceletyrs . F●r . ℥ vi . Vin. Absynth . lb ss. For the tumor of the Thighs was used this : ℞ the Powder of the Flowers of Chamomel , the tops of Wormwood , each ʒiii . Briony root and Dazies , each ℥ ss . Meal of Wheat , Orobus , and Beans , each ʒiii . Crums of white Bread lb ii. mix them altogether with Cows milk , or rather Goats milk , and by gentle boyling make a Pultess . For ordinary drink he took the following : ℞ Scurvy-grass M iv . Brook-lime , Water-cresses , each M ii . Wormwood M ss . Juniper berries lb ss. Calamus Aromaticus ʒiii . Roots of Sassafras ℥ ii . Boyl them in five gallons of Beer till a gallon be wasted , after tun them up : he began to drink of it fourteen days after . For the contraction of the Hams , ℞ Juyce of Scurvy-grass ℥ i. Oil of St. Johns-wort , Mullen , Elder , each ℥ ss . Boyl them to the wasting of the Juyces : being strained , there was added Tacamahacca ʒiss . Balsam of Peru ℈ iv . Melt them at a gentle Fire , stirring them ; at the end add a little Wax . He had this Cordial Electuary : ℞ Conserv . Cochlear . ℥ ii . de Absynth . Diasorios Horstii , Bugloss , Caryoph . hortens . Ros. Damas. Rad. Helen . condit . ā ℥ ss . Lign . Rhod. Calam. Aromat . Rad. Aronis . praep . Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . Diapler . Confect . Alker . āʒss . cum Syr. Sceliturb . Forest. f. Elect. Dose , the quantity of a Filbert . To the hard Tumors was applied this Pultess : ℞ Wormwood poudered , a sufficient quantity , beat it with new Eggs , shells and all , to the form of a Cataplasm , and apply it cold to the Tumors . This was admirable , and highly praised , it removed the Tumor . For the Contraction of the Ham was used the following : ℞ Vnguent . Dialthaeae , Ol. Chamom . de Castor . & Lumbric . ā ℥ ss . Medul . Crur . V●tul . Ol. Lini , āʒiii . Succ. Raphan . Cochlear . Nasturt . Aquatic . āʒss . cum . s. q. Cerae & Ammoniac . sol . f. Lin. He found much ease by this . ℞ Vuguent . Dialth . ℥ ss . Lilior . albor . Cham. Aneth . āʒii . Granor. Juniper . contus . ℈ i. f. Vnguent . ℞ Elect. Chalyb . ℥ vii . Conserv . Absynth . Cochlear . ā ℥ i. Misc. There was given ʒiii fasting , after the use of which he was cured , so that he was both able to ride and walk ; and he said himself he was perfectly cured . OBSERV . IX . THe Lady Puckering , being often vexed with the beating of the Heart , was thus cured : ℞ Diambr . Diamosch . dulc . Aromat . Ros. āʒii . Confect . Alker . ʒi . Diacoralliʒi . Theriac . mag . Mithrid . opt . ā ℈ ii . Conserv . Bugloss Cochlear . ( because she had the Scurvy ) ā ℥ i. Misc. f. Elect. Dose the quantity of a Filbert , by which she was eased . Mrs. Iremonger's waiting Maid was cured as followeth , both of the beating and trembling of the Heart : ℞ Castor . ʒi . Rad. Diptam . ʒss . ( because her Courses did not flow rightly ) Diambrae , & Diamosch . dulc . Spec. Aromat . Ros. ā ℥ ii . Theriac . mag . Mithrid . opt . ā ℈ ii . Conserv . Bugloss ℥ i. cum Syr. Artem. q. s. f. Opiat . By that time she had taken half of this she was freed , although she had been afflicted for a long time , and said the Electuary was worth Gold. This hath cured many , for which I have had many hearty thanks . OBSERV . X. THe Lady Brown of Radford , was oppressed with these Scorbutic Symptoms , as with binding of the Belly , Melancholy , Watchfulness , troublesom sleep , Obstruction of the Courses , continuing for a year , and by those Obstructions was miserably tormented with Wind , and swelling of the Belly , especially about the Spleen , when she broke wind , she was eased ; she felt a continual beating at the mouth of her Stomach , so that it might be felt with the hand , as if there had been some live thing leaping in her Belly . All these happened from the death of her Daughter , dying in Child-bed . By the following Prescriptions she was cured : ℞ Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Brook-lime , Maiden-hair , Ceterach , ā M ii . Scabious , Harts-tongue , ā M ss . Cordial Flowers , each p. i. Liquoris shavedʒvi . Sena ℥ i. Polypod . ʒvi . Rubarb , the Bark of Cappar roots , Bark of Myrobalane Ind. prepared , ā ℈ iv . Cream of Tartarʒii . Raisins stonedʒx . Barly p. i. Squinanth . ℈ i. Boyl them in sufficient quantity of the Waters of Wormwood , Agrimony , Fumatory , to lb i ℥ iv . After they are boyled , let them stand , infusing for all night : to the straining add Syr. Sceletyrs Forest. ℥ ii . Diasireos , Syr. Cichor . cum Rhab. ā ℥ i. mix them withʒii of Cinnamon water . Dose seven spoonfuls , which gave six stools . After to the Region of the Spleen was applied Cera de Ammoniac . Forest . This discussed the Tumor , and eased the Pain . Yet although well purged , there remained the Scorbutic Pain of the Belly . After purging , the Urine was troubled , and the sediment was various . To the Beer used for Mr. Handslop , was added M ii of Fumatory . The Leeches were applied to the Hemorrhoids . After was used the Electuary for Mr. Handslop , Observ. 8. Cent. 2. framed of Harts-horn , Ivory , Worms , &c. By the use of these she was freed from the Scurvy , and came to enjoy perfect health . OBSERV . XI . Mrs. Murden , aged about 53 , troubled with Vertigo , Pain in the Head and deafness , was by me cured presently : ℞ Aloes Ros. ʒi . Rhab. Pul. & Aq. Cinam . aspers . ℈ ii . Agarick , Recent . tro . ℈ i. Mastic . Myrrh . ā ℈ ss . cum Syr. Beton●c . f. Pil. N o. 25. Dose Pil. 5. hor. ante coenam . These were administred April 17. 1626. by the use of which there was the desired effect , and they were much praised ; they were after given for prevention . OBSERV . XII . MR. George Vnderhil , aged about 64 , was much weakned with an immoderate loosness of the Belly , and cruelly tortured with the Cholick , by eating Herrings , was thus cured : ℞ Elect. Ventriflu . ʒvi . Cremor . Tart. ℈ i. Rhab. pul . ℈ ii . cum Sacch . f. Bol. It gave nine stools . At the hour of Sleep he took this : ℞ Diascord . ʒi . Aq. Scabios . ℥ iij. Syr. Lim. ℥ i. Syr. Papav. ℥ ss . Misc. He took the Shavings of Harts-horn twice a day . For the Stomach , ℞ Conserv . Ros. rub . ℥ ii . Spec. Aromat . Ros. Gab. ʒi . Caryophil . incis . ʒss . Amber-grease gr . iii. Misc. cum Syr. Cortic. Citr . q. s. f. Elect. Dose , the quantity of a Filbert . After Meat he took the following Pouder : ℞ Sem. Coriand . praep . Sem. Foenic . Anisi . Carvi , ā ℈ ii . Cor. Cer. praepar . Coral . rub . praep . Cinam . Nuc. Mosch . ā ℈ i. Spec. Aromat . Ros. laetific . Gal. ā ℈ ss . Sacch . Ros. tab . ad pond . omnium , f. Pul. gros . He also had applied Scutum nost . Stomach . and so he was cured . OBSERV . XIII . MR. P. afflicted with a Flux of Semen , and Night-pollutions , by which he was much weakned , was cured as followeth : ℞ Pulp . of Cassiaʒvi . Pulp of Tamarindsʒii . Red Coral , Mastich , each ℈ iss . make a Bole with Sugar . This purged well . After ℞ Gum. Arabic . Tragacanth . Carab . Mum. Bol. Arm. Mandibulae Lucii , ā ℈ ii . f. Pil. & cum Syrup . de Ros. sicc . vel Myrtin . f. Pill . pondere ℈ i. Cap. prima vice Pil. iii. afterward one Pill for many days in a morning . He used also chalybiated Milk. To the Back were applied Plates of Lead , on the region of the Reins . And thus he was cured . OBSERV . XIV . Mrs. Kenton of Northampton , aged 48. weakned and discoloured with the Whites , was cured as followeth : ℞ Venice Terbentine ℥ ss . dissolve it with the Yolk of an Egg , adding of the purest Honey ℥ i. Sugar of Roses ℥ ii . White-wine ℥ vi . mix them : of which take every day ℥ i. She drank her ordinary Drink warm , which was a Decoction of Barly , with Liquoris and Mallows . After the former Potion , she used this Bole : ℞ Olibanum , Bole Armoniack , and sealed Earth , of eachʒss . make them into a very fine Pouder , and with two Whites of new-laid Eggs make a Bole. This is an admirable Secret , it is to be used for divers days , six hours before Meat . She also had this Drink : ℞ Guaiacum chips lb i . of its Bark bruised ℥ iv . infuse them eight days in Spring water lb viii . with a drach● of Oil of Sulphur , in Horse dung , being in a Glass Vessel well stopt with Wax and Brimstone ; after strain it : in the strained Liquor put a fresh quantity of the Guaiacum , &c. and infuse it as before ; after three days strain it , and after sweeten and aromatize it to the Patients palat . The Dose is two , three , or four ounces , according to the strength and nature of the sick . Two ounces of this doth more than lb ss of the ordinary Decoction . It is safe in the Spleen , Picrocholis , and Jaundice confirmed ; cures the Dropsy , Apoplexy , French Pox , and other grievous Diseases of the Head. Of the Faeces may be made a second Decoction , which may be used with Meat , instead of Drink . To the Back was applied , ℞ Empl. contra Rupt . & pro Matrice , ā ℥ i. Vngu . Comit. ℥ ii . Mastich . Sang. Drac . & Coral . alb . āʒii . Ros. rub . p. i. Rad. Bistort . Musc. Querc . āʒii . Ter. sigill . ʒiss . Malax . omnia simul cum Ol. Myrtil . f. Emplast . Of this spread so much upon Leather as may be for a Plaster for the Back , and Os sacrum , and another to the lower Belly , which are to be continued on betwixt the time of the Courses , and then removed . By these she was cured . OBSERV . XV. Mrs. Delaberr , of Southam near Glocester , having been long sick with loathing of her Meat , insomuch that no sooner she had eaten , but it came up , her Urine often changing ; and although she was pretty well whilst in Bed , yet when she rose she was troubled with swooning : having also the Scurvy , was cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agarick , Ruffi , ā ℈ ii . de Succin . aggregat . Crem . Tart. ā ℈ iss . Oxymel scil . q. s. f. Pil. 15. deaurent . She took two at a night , and three in the morning , every third day , she being well purged . To the Spleen was applied this Plaster , ℞ Cerat . de Ammoniac . Forest. ℥ i. Emplast . de Melilot . ℥ ss . Misc. Spread it upon Leather , and a red Sarcenet upon it . Those days she purged not , she took of this Electuary : ℞ ●onserve of Damask Roses ℥ i. Conserve of Scurvy-grassʒiii . Conserve of Bugloss , ʒii . Spec. pleresarch . ʒss . Cream of Tartar , prepared Steel , each ℈ ii . Wake-robbin roots prepared ℈ i. Confect . Alkerm . ʒi . with sufficient quantity of Sugar make a soft Electuary . Dose , in the evening the quantity of a Bean , and in the morning before she rose , the quantity of a Nutmeg , and so for two days , the third she purged , by which she came to be so much better , as that to walk and ride , and then would to the Bath , where she used the following Decoction , when she came out of the Bath , and went to bed and swet : ℞ Chips of Guaiacum ℥ iii. Bark of the same ℥ ii . Sassafras ℥ i. China cut thin ℥ ss . Shavings of Ivoryʒiii . Liq●●ris ℥ i. Agrimony , Carduus benedictus , Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Brook-lime , each M ss . the tops of Fumitory , Flowers of Bugloss , Stoechados , Rosemary flowers , each p. i. Nutmegs , Cinamon , eachʒii . Infuse them upon the Fire for twelve hours in six quarts of Water , after boyl them to the half , and then strain it , and being sweetned with Sugar , Dose was ℥ iv . It was used in the morning every fourth day , purging with these Pills : ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agar . Ruffi . ā ℈ ii . with which being well purged , she used no other Physick , but went home very well . OBSERV . XVI . JAcob Ballard , aged 60 , being cruelly vexed with a bloody Flux , and spumous , and sometimes chylous , with a Tenesmus for three months , was cured as followeth : ℞ Ordinary Barly . p. i. the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek beaten , each ℥ i. Flowers of Chamomel , Melilot , each p. i. Rie bran p. ii . make a Decoction of all in Water to lb ss. In the straining dissolve the Yolks of two Eggs , Hony of Roses ℥ ii . and red Sugar ℥ iii. mix them , and make a Clyster , which was injected . After which he took this Potion at night : ℞ Philon Pers. ℈ ii . Aq. Plantag . ℥ iii. Syr. Cydonior . ℥ i. f. Pot● ▪ This profited admirably , for he slept well , his Pain was eased , and his Flux was stayed . After was used an Astringent Clyster to stay the Flux , and heal the Ulcer : ℞ the tops of Briars , Plantain ; Purslain , Coriander seeds prepared , Cummin a little torrefied and beaten , each ℥ i. Starch torrefied ℥ ss . Galls , Cypresse-Nuts beaten grosly , each iv . Bran p. ii . Boyl them in steeled Water to lb i . To the Straining add Goats Sewet ℥ i. prepared Bole Armoniack ʒii . Juyce of Plantain ℥ iv . Mucilage of Trag●canth ℥ i. Honey of Roses ℥ ii . mix them for a Clyster . To the Belly was applied the following Plaster : ℞ Mass. Empl. contra Ruptur . ℥ iii. Empl. Diaphoenic . ℥ ii . Mastich , Olibanum , Coriand . praep . Bol. Arm. praep . Sang. Drac . ā ℈ iv . Lap. Haematit . ʒii . Succ. Plantag . ℥ iv . Vin. rub . crass . ℥ iii. Ol. Myrtil . & Cydonior . ā●ii . Misc. cum Cer. & Terebin . with your hands moistned with red Wine , and make Rolls , and spread Plasters upon Leather , which apply to the Belly . For Tenesmus , ℞ best Myrrh , Saffron , Storax , Calamint , each ʒss . Opium ℈ i. Bdellium , Aloes , each gr . xviii . Wax liquified , sufficient to make a Suppository ; one of which put into the Fundament . That night the former Potion of Philon Pers. was reiterated , and after that he took the following astringent Electuary : ℞ Bole Armoniack praep . ℈ iv . Pearls , red Coral , each ℈ ii Pouder of Rose seeds , Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . āʒss . Conserve of Cumfrey , Citron Pills candied , each ʒi . with Sugar dissolved in Rosewater make an Electuary . Dose ʒii in the morning , and so much before supper . He also before meals took some grains of the best Olibanum , his Diet was spare and drying . And thus he was cured . Observe well , 1. If there be a good Digestion , and not the like separation , then there is a Dysentery . 2. If there be Separation and not Digestion , then it is Lientery . 3. If neither Separation , nor Digestion , there is present a Diarrhea . If the matter in the Stomach be putrified , then there is a Flux of the Belly , with various colour . OBSERV . XVII . Mrs. Layton , born of a noble Stock , long laboured of a Scorbutic Epilepsy , always at her first falling into it , it was with a Feaver , and convulsive motions , the rest of the Signs in Eugal , fol. 86. and Senertus , fol. 60. In the Fit she was most miserably vexed with cold horror , and concussion of the Members , for half an hour , so that the whole Bed shook ; the Fit lasted ten hours , she not knowing nor feeling any pain . After in the same day she laboured of another Fit for six hours , and yet was delivered from it beyond the expectation of the By-standers . After she fell asleep , another Fit she had , wherein she said she had cutting pain . She was also afflicted with a Jaundice , with diminution of the Courses . I cured her with the Prescriptions following : ℞ Elect. Ventriflu . ʒvi . Crem . Tart. ℈ i. Rhab. pul . ℈ ii . f. Bol. It gave six stools . For the Jaundice , which was filthy ▪ she took this : ℞ Mithridateʒi . prepared Harts-horn ℈ ii . Pouder of Wormsʒii . Conserve of Barberries ℥ i. mix them , for two mornings ; by which she was pretty well delivered from the Jaundice . Afterward I thus purged her : ℞ Pil. faetid . Alephang . Coch. ā ℈ i. Agar . Troch . ℈ ss . Castor . gr . vi . cum Syr. de Stoechad . q. s. f. Pil. 7. She took three of them at night , going to bed , and four in the morning . After I used the following neezing Pouder : ℞ Nuc. Mosch . Rad. Paeon . āʒss . Elleb . Nig. ℈ i. Pyrethr . Piper . alb . ā ℈ ss . Misc. f. Pul. a Portion of which was blown into the Nostrils . Whilst the time of the Fits was expected , there was given every morning ʒii of this Opiat : ℞ Conserve of Scurvy-grass ℥ ii . ( which I always used to mix with other Medicines in Scorbutic Affects to infringe the Ill of the Disease ) Dianthos , Conserve of Betony , each ℥ i. Old Mithridate , Venice Treacle , each ℥ i. Misseltoe of the Oak , Shavings of Harts-horn , Piony seeds , Man's scull pulverized , each ℈ iv . mix them . It is to be taken of it self , or with Betony water , to which is added Oil of Vitriol . By these she was fully delivered from her Fits for many years . OBSERV . XVIII . LYdia Trap , the Daughter of Mr. Trap , aged about two years , labouring of a burning Feaver , want of sense and motion in some parts , and the Worms , insomuch that Death was daily expected , by me through God's blessing was thus restored : ℞ prepared Harts-hornʒiii . Spring water lb i . Boyl them to the half ; after was added a little Rose water , an ounce of Syrup of Limons , a spoonful of Sugar , and so much Oil of Vitriol as made it sharpish . She took this for her drink , forbearing all other . To the region of the Heart was applied this : ℞ Old Treacleʒi . Pouder of Piony rootʒss . make a Plaster . About her Neck she wore round slices of the same Root ; and the Pouder of the same Root was strewed upon her Head ; her Neck was anointed with the Oil of Amber and Sassafras , eachʒss . Spirit of Rosemary vi drops . To her Navil was applied this Plaster : ℞ Aloesʒss . Pil. sine quib . ℈ i. Worms ℈ i. Myrrh . ℈ i. with Ox-gall make a Plaster . To extinguish thirst , and provoke stools , was given the following : ℞ Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ i. boyled Water ℥ ii . Oil of Vitriol , sufficient to make it sharpish . For the Stomach was used Vng. pectorale . By these in a few days she became well . OBSERV . XIX . THe Lady Vnderhil , aged 53 , was troubled with Pain of the Joynts in the hands , and when she rubbed one with another , there arose a flatuous Tumor ; she had also on a sudden a red Face , her Voice was also much lost , so that when she spake , the By-standers could not understand her ; she felt as it were the sense of biting of Ants in many parts of the Body , and these from the Scurvy . ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ iv . Saffafras ℥ i. Agrimony , Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Brook-lime , each M i. Bark of Capar root , Myrobalans of India , each ℈ iv . Polypody of the Oak , and Liquoris , each ℥ ss . Raisins stonedʒx . Infuse them in six pints of Water for a night , after boil them to the half : to the straining , add Sena ℥ i. Rubarbʒi . give them two or three walms , adding Syrup against the Scurvy by Forestus ℥ iv . mix them . The Dose was six or eight spoonfuls , which purged her well , and she became very well , and so highly praised the Apozeme , as if it wrought by inchantment . OBSERV . XX. ESquire Vnderhil , aged 50 , was miserably tormented with the running Gout , which pained all the Joynts of his Body , as Ancles , Knees , Arms , Neck , &c. Which was by the ensuing Medicines cured in a few days . ℞ the Pouder of the Root Sarsaparilla , Sena , eachʒvi . Cream of Tartarʒiii . mix them . The Dose was from ℈ ii to iv . which gave him three or four stools a day . The Body being well purged , the following Bath was used : ℞ Salt lb i . Quick Brimstone ℥ iss . Alum lb ss. Bay berries ℥ iv . Boyl them in sufficient quantity of Water : he sat in it daily up to the knees morning and evening . This delivered him not only from the Pain in his Feet , but from that callous hardness under his Toes . For preservation in the month of October was used the following : ℞ Caryocost . ʒiiss . Elect. de Tamarind . ʒss . Cryst . Tart. ℈ i. f. Bol. cum Sacch . After was used Pil. Podagr . Plater . As ℞ Hermodactils skinned ℥ ss . Aloes , Turbith , Mecoachan , Rubarb , yellow Mirobalans , also Chebul● , Mastich , eachʒi . Roots of round Birthwort ℈ i. St. Johns-wort , Seed also of Cummin and Ginger , eachʒss . Salt gem . ℈ ss . with the Juyce of Ground-pine make Pills , adding Diagrid . ʒss . Dose , sometimes every month was taken ʒi . and so he was delivered from that Pain begun , but yet wholly it was removed by the former Pouder : to which was added Betony ℥ ss . Sugar of Roses ℥ i. And thus for many years he was cured , and it never returned again . OBSERV . XXI . MR. Izod , being upon light motion troubled with pissing blood , was thus cured : ℞ a Mass of Terbentine Pills with Rubarb ʒii . clear Terbentine ʒi . with Liquoris pouder make fifteen Pills , which was given in a spoon with Syrup of French-Mallowes . He used the following Tablets : ℞ Troches of Winter-cherries with Opium ℥ ss . Roots of Comfrey , Terbentine hard boiled , each ʒi . Sugar ℥ iiss . with the infusion of Gum Tragacanth , make Tablets weighing ℈ ii . He often drank Cream of Barly , as also Milk boiled with Eggs , and so became well . OBSERV . XXII . THe Lady Smith ( a Roman Catholick ) being greatly afflicted with Wind of the Stomach , after it much more tormented her by taking a strong Infusion of Stibium from an Emperick , so that for a month together she was forced to take 3 or 4 draughts of Broth in a night , for expelling the Wind , otherwise she could not sleep , nor rest in Bed for Pain . She was about the age of 27. ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agaric . de Succin . Ruffi . ā ℈ i. f. Pil. sex , deaur . She took three of them when she went to bed . In the morning she took the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Electuary : ℞ Elect. Chalyb . Craton . ℥ iss . Elect. Ventriflu . ℥ ss . Misc. After she took it she used exercise : ℞ Sem. Coriand . praep . Faenicul . de Anisi . Carvi . āʒiss . C. C. praep . Coral . Rub. praep . Cinamom . Nuc. Mosch . āʒss . Spec. Aromat . Ros. Laetific . Gal. Diamosch . dulc . ā ℈ ss . Sacch . ad pond . omnium f. Tragea . This she took after Meals . The 24th of October she sent to me for the same Pouder , which was for the Countess of Leicester , who took it , and for it returned me many thanks . And by these was she delivered from those bitter Torments , and they did not return . OBSERV . XXIII . Mrs. Winter , Widow , ( Roman Catholick ) aged 28 , was troubled with the Flux of the Belly , Inflammation of the Reins , with great abundance of Urine , even almost to fainting ; she was also troubled with the Stone and Scurvy confirmed , and was much weakned , was thus cured : ℞ the best Mithridate ℈ ii . Diascordiumʒss . Confectio Alkerm . ℈ i. Harts-horn prepared ℈ ss . Bezoar stone gr . vi . Manus Christi perlat . ʒi . Magistral of Pearl gr . iv . Coral prepared ℈ ss . El. Laetific . Gal. ʒi . Mix them with Syrup of Corn-Poppy , to make an Electuary . She took half of it upon a knifes point , with which the Flux was bridled , with great ease and chearfulness of mind : at bed-time she took the other half , and rested that night . For drink she had the Decoction of Harts-horn . To the mouth of the Stomach was applied this : ℞ Spec. Aromat . Ros. Cab. ʒss . Labdan . ʒss . Mithridat . opt . Theriac . Andromac . āʒi . Cer. flav . ʒii . dissol . Ol. Stomach . Craton . f. L. A. Empl. By these the Belly being bound , she took the following Pills : ℞ Pil. Ruffi . de Succin . āʒi . f. Pil. N o. 10. She took three at bed-time . After the former Cordial was repeated . After I gave the following Potion : ℞ Aq. Antiscorbut . Doncrel . ℥ iv . Spleneticae ejusdem ℥ ii . Syr. Sceletyrb . Forest. ℥ iii. Misc. She took eight spoonfuls of it in mornings . Afterward she used the following Electuary : ℞ Conserve of Bugloss , of Clove Gilly flowers , Dianthos , each ℥ i. Conserve of Scurvy-grass ℥ ii . Elicampana root candiedʒiii . Spec. Diarrhood . Abbat . ʒi . Diapleresarchont ℥ ss . Confectio Alkermes ℈ ii . with the Syrup against the Scurvy by Forest. make an Electuary . The Dose was the quantity of a Filbert , fasting . The Decoction of Harts horn was repeated . And so she was cured , and freed from all her Symptoms . OBSERV . XXIV . THe Lady Jenkinson ( fair , pious , chast , ) was vexed with Pain of the Head , and a light Vertigo , Pain of the Mouth , of the Stomach and Sides , fainting , watching , heats in hands and feet , lan●uishing without cause , the Flesh of the Gums loose , and often bleeding , all being a discovery of the Scurvy . ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agaric . Ruffi . āʒi . Alephang . ℈ ii . cum Aq. Betonic . f. Pil. There was added Diatartari . ℈ ii . and it made fifteen Pills . She took three of them when she went to bed . In the morning she took a small draught of the following : ℞ Roots of Oris , Elder bark , of Danewort , and of Capers , Tamaris , Succory , Squich grass , Fennel , Sparagus , Madder , each ℥ ss . Gentian . ʒii . Wormwood M i. Soldanella , Mugwort , Agrimony , white Horehound , each M ss . Tops of Centaury ʒiiss . the Cordial Flowers , each ʒiss . Calamus Aromaticus ʒii . Liquoris ℥ i. Sena ℥ ii . Agaric . ℥ ss . Mechoac . ʒiii . prepared Steel ℥ ss . Cream of Tartar ʒi . Rubarb ʒiii . Ginger ʒi . Cinamon ʒss . Anis seeds ʒii . Infuse them for three days in four pints of White-wine in Bal. Mar. well stopped up in a double Vessel , after boyl them at a gentle Fire for an hour , the Vessel being still shut . Of this when cold take ℥ iv . Syrup against the Scurvy by Forestus ℥ ii . For three mornings after she took the Beer against the Scurvy , prescribed Observ. 7. of this Century ; adding to the Ingredients , of Sassafras ℥ ss . Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Betony , Agrimony , Fumatory , each M i. Whilst it was ready , she took the following : ℞ Conserve of Scurvy-grass ℥ ii . of Wormwood , Diaserios , of Bugloss , Clove Gilly flowers , Damask Roses , Elicampana root candied , each ℥ ss . Wood of Rhodium , Calamus Aromaticus , Wake robbin root prepared , Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . Diapleresar . Confectio Alkermes , each ʒss . with Forestus's Syrup against the Scurvy , so much as will make an Electuary , cover it with a leaf of Gold. After the taking of the quantity of a Nutmeg of this , she drank of the following ; ℞ the Water against the ●curvy ℥ iii. that against the Spleen ℥ ii . the foresaid Syrup of Forestus ℥ iii. Dose eight spoonfuls . For her Catarrh there was used the following Pouder for the Coronal Suture : ℞ Mastich , Myrrh , Amber , Cloves , Sandarac , Wood of Aloes , red Roses , each ʒi . mix them , and make a Pouder . As there was need she was thus purged , ℞ Pil. Ruffi . Alephang . Diatartari ā ℈ i. Pil. Hier. cum Agaric . ℈ ii . Aq. Antiscorb . q. s. f. Pil N. 6. There was three given at Bed time . The fifth of December she was cruelly tormented with the Tooth-ach , ℞ Scurvy grass water ʒvi . Red Rose water , and of Plantain , each ℥ iii. Honey of Roses , Honey of Mulberry simple , each ℥ i. Spirit of Vitriol sufficient to make all tart . Of this she took in her Mouth , which delivered her from the Tooth-ach , and other Symptoms . And by these she was cured . OBSERV . XXV . BVtler of Stratford , from gentle motion of his Body , was much troubled with pissing blood , which came in abundance , with Pain in the Kidneys ; his Urine was so hot , that it very much tormented him , especially about the Prepuce , which I thus cured : First he drank of the Decoction os Sarsaparilla for eight days . After he drunk Tormentil in Wine . To his Back were applied Plates of Lead , full of holes , moistned with Vinegar ; it was often changed , and so in the space of eight days he was much amended , and after cured . OBSERV . XXVI . Mrs. Richardson ( a Roman Catholick ) was troubled with Wind in the Womb , so that when she went to make water , the Womb sent forth the Wind , as if one had broke wind backward ; she also had the Scurvy , swooning , Pain of the Head , over-flowing of her Courses , also abundance of Whites . She was also troubled with much heat in her Loins , weakness of her whole Body , she could eat well , but could not endure Physick or the Light. She was thus cured , First she had a Restorative made of a Leg of Veal , a Cock , Harts-horn shaved , and China , she took of it every morning , first drinking our Milk water with Manus Christi perlatae . To stay the Flux was used the following , ℞ Water of Milk ℥ iii. Spawn-Frog water two spoonfuls , Manus Christi perlat . Confect . Alkerm . each ℈ ij . To her Back were applied Plates of Lead perforated and moistned in Vinegar . To the region of the Womb was applied Emplast . pro Matrice . ℞ Harts horn burnt ℈ i. Confectio Alkermes ℈ ss . Bezoar stone gr . iii. Scabious water ℥ ii . Syrup of Limons ℥ ss . mix them . It was given whilst she was cold , for she had an Erratic Feaver . ℞ Snail water of my preparation , of Spawn Frog water , each ℥ iv . Confectio Alkermes ℈ ii . Manus Christi perlatae ℥ ss . Water against the Scurvy ℥ vi . against the Spleen ℥ ii . mix them . This was reiterated , and to it added ℥ iss of Syrup . Laetific . Rod. à Fonse . By the use of this she gained strength very much , and said it was as good as Aurum potabile , and would never be without it . And thus she was cured wholly . OBSER . XXVII . Mrs. Peerse of Auson , ( Roman Catholick ) aged about 28 , was vexed with a fruitless endeavour to vomit , Melancholy . Tumor of the Feet at night , Weakness of the whole Body , a Scorbutic daily Feaver , with light horror , Pain of the Spleen and of various Joints of the Body , her Urine was like clear Water . She was cured as followeth : ℞ Elect. de Tamarind . ℥ ss . Syr. Dyaserios ℥ i. Oxymel . Nost . ℥ ss . Aq. Bugloss ℥ ii . 〈◊〉 . Vitriol . gut . vi . Misc. This gave six stools . The following day the Urine was filthy , and she took the said Potion , only there was added Spec. Arom . Ros. ℈ i. and ʒii taken off from the Electuary . At the hour of sleep was exhibited the following : ℞ Bezoar . gr . iii. Laudanum Paracelsi gr . ii . Confectio Alkermes ℈ ss . She rested quietly . The next day there was given this : ℞ Syrup of Poppies ℥ i. Scabious water ℥ iss . Bezoar . gr . iv . Rosewater a little , and Spirit of Vitriol sufficient . After she used the Chalybiated Wine , prescribed Observ. 24 of this Century . To which was added , Syrup . Schelet . Forest. ℞ of the Wine ℥ vi . of the Syrup ℥ iv . Water against the Scurvy ℥ ii . against the Spleen ℥ ii . Syr. Laetif . ℥ iii. mix them . ℞ burnt Harts-horn ℈ i. Confect . Alker . ℈ ii . Magist. of Pearl , Tinct . of Coral , each gr . vi . Man. Christi perlat . ʒss . Bezoar . gr . vi . Conserve of Scurvy-grass , sufficient . Make a soft Electuary , adding Spec. Pleresarchon . By these she was freed from her Symptoms . From her Melancholy she fell into the Mother : ℞ Castorʒi . Faecul . Brion . ℈ ss . cum Aq. Historic . f. Pil. N o 5. They were given at night . To the Navil was applied Emplast . è Caranna , cum Mosc . She drew into her Nose the Fume of Assa foetida . By these she was well cased . After she was purged thus : ℞ Pil. Ruffi . Spec. Hier. simpl . ā ℈ iss . Castor ℈ i. Faecul . Brion . ℈ ss . cum Aq. Hist. q. s. f. Pil. 5. She took them at night . And thus she was recovered . OBSERV . XXVIII . ALice Collins , Servant to my Lady Puckering , aged about 24 , was tormented with the Mother , Obstruction of her Courses , and at the end of her Fit she shed tears . Her Urine was like Spring water . For the removing of the Disease and Symptoms , I prescribed the following : ℞ Briony roots ℥ ss . Sena ℥ ss . Gingerʒss . Cinamonʒi . Sugarʒvi . They were infused for a night in a pint and half of Whey , and in the morning hoyled a little , and then strained ; to which was added the compound Syrup of Mugwort ℥ ii . Of this she drank for some days in a morning ℥ v. hot ; by which she was well purged and cured . OBSERV . XXIX . HEster Sylvester , Daughter to Mrs. Smith ( now Marit ) of Burford , being grievously troubled with the Worms , was cured twice with the following Pouder : ℞ Coraline , Worm seed , each ℥ i. white Dictamny , Bistort , Tormentil , each ℥ ss . make them all into a fine Pouder , which be sprinkle with the sharpest Wine Vinegar , and after day it in the shade . Dose from ʒss to ʒiii . ( but she took a drachm ) according to the age of the Patient , and strength of the Disease . It is to be given either in Wine , Purslain water , or the Pulp of a rosted Apple . OBSERV . XXX . LYnes of Stratford , aged 53 , in 1630 , was troubled with a Timpany , her Belly being much swelled , so that she could scarce go , with hoarsness of her Voice , and loathing of Meat , insomuch that she was left by her Friends as hopeless , yet by God's blessing she was cured as followeth : ℞ Roots of Oris , and Assarabacca , eachʒii . Pellitory of Spain , Elicampana , and of Brier , also the Bark of the Roots of Spurge , eachʒiii . Origanum , Calamints , each p. i. Soldanella ℥ ss . Mecoachanʒiii . Anis seeds , Bay berries , each ℥ ss . boyl them altogether in B. M. in a quart of White-wine ( the Vessel being well stopp'd ) for four hours ; after being strained , it was sweetned with Sugar . Of this was drunk ℥ vi morning and evening . After evacuation was made with Pil. Soldanellae , thus made : ℞ the tops of Soldanella ℈ ii . Cinamon ℈ i. Pil. aggregativaʒi . Troch . Alhand . ℈ ss . Elaterii gr . iv . with the Juyce of Oris roots make Pills , 5 ofʒi . There were three taken about midnight ; as there was need they were reiterated . To strengthen the Stomach , and the rest of the Bowels , was used the following Electuary : ℞ the Juyce of Oris rootsʒiij . Galangal , Cinamon , eachʒii . Cloves , Mace , eachʒi . Zedoary ℈ ii . Soldanella ℥ ss . Pouder them to be poudered , and with Honey purified make an Electuary . Dose , the quantity of a Nutmeg . After meals I appointed the following Pouder , to free the Stomach from crudities , to gently heat it , to help Concoction , and discuss Wind : ℞ Coriander seeds prepared ℥ ss . of Fennel and Anis , eachʒii . Carawaiesʒi . Cinamonʒii . Roots of true Acorus , Galangal , Citron Pills dried , eachʒi . red Rosesʒss . Sugar , the weight of all ; make a Pouder . Dose , half a spoonful . Thus she was cured , Jan. 4. 1630. OBSERV . XXXI . Mrs. Baker of Stratford , aged 38 , had much pain in her Loins , and was cruelly tormented with a desire to piss , yet little Urine came , and that while she was troubled with the Mother , Melancholy , and the Scurvy was feared . To whom the following was used with desired success : ℞ Syr. Laetific . Rodor. à Fonseca ℥ ii . Diatartar . ejusdemʒi . Aq. Buglos . ℥ iii. Misc. It gave six stools . After ℞ Pil. Ruffi . ℈ i. Hier. cum Agaric . ℈ i. Pil. faetid . ℈ i. Caster ℈ ss . cum Aq. Artemis . f. Pil. N o 7. deaurent . These gave seven stools . ℞ Lign . Sassafr . incis . ℥ iss . Cinam . opt . ℥ i. infund . in Aq. fontan . ℥ xiv . per hor. xij . deinde bull . ad dimid . adde Sacch . alb . ℥ xii . bul . ad consist . Syr. cui adde Dianth . Conser . Bugloss , āʒvi . Flor. Caryoph . ℥ ss . Rad. Enul . Cam. condit . Zinzib . condit . āʒii . Spec. Aromat . Ros. gr . vii . Confect . Alkerm . ℥ ss . Ambrae gris . Mose . ā gr . vi . Misc. f. Elect. After she had taken of it fourteen days , she was much better ; and continuing it thirty days , she became well . OBSERV . XXXII . SMith of Stratford , aged 38 , being long troubled with an immoderate Cough , and Pain of the Head , was thus cured : ℞ Flower of Brimstone ʒii . Roots of Elicampana , Oris , and Liquoris , all poudered , each ʒi . Honey sufficient to make an Electuary ; to which was added twelve drops of Oil of Sulphur , and so licked . After ℞ Orpiment ʒi . Yolk of an Egg , as much made a Mass , which after it was dried , it was poudered ; to which was added of Tobacco ʒss . Coltsfoot ʒi . Anis seeds ℈ iii. Oil of Anis seed three drops . Of this he took in a Pipe , and so was cured . OBSERV . XXXIII . WIfe ( whether of the Author , which is most probable , or of the Man that went before , or of some other , I know not , because not mentioned ) was troubled with the Scurvy , accompanied with Pain of the Loins , Corruption of the Gums , stinking Breath , Melancholy , Wind , Cardiac Passion , Laziness , difficulty of breathing , fear of the Mother , binding of the Belly , and torment there , and all of a long continuance , with restlesness and weakness . There was given this Bole : ℞ Electuary of Tamarinds ℥ ss . Cream of Tartarʒi . mix them . To the Back was applied Emplast . Oxycroceum , which freed her from pain of the Loins and Belly , Febr. 9. 1630. The tenth day taking cold , she had again miserable pain in her Joints , so that she could not lye in her Bed , insomuch as when any helped her , she cried out miserably ; for which I used this Ointment : ℞ Capons grease , Oil of sweet Almonds , of Dil. and Roses , Mucilage of the Roots of Althaea , drawn with Mallow water , each ℥ i. mix them . After anointing , the foresaid Plaster was applied with good success , for she was quieter all night ; but yet in the morning she was troubled with Wind. Then I gave of Sennertus's Electuary , which is thus framed : ℞ the Conserve of the tops and leaves of Scurvy-grass ℥ iii. the Flowers of Bugloss , Clove Gilly-flowers , and Damask-Roses , each ℥ ss . the flesh of Candied Nutmegs , Citron Pills candied and cut , each ℥ i. Honey Juniper-berries ʒiii . Confectio Alkermesʒss . Syrup of Cinamonʒvi . Syrup of Scurvy-grass , or that of Forestus , sufficient to make an Electuary , to which was added Oil of Sulphur , sufficient to sharpen it . For the constipation of the Belly , was used this Suppository , ℞ Honey ℥ i. Spec. Hier. Pic. ℈ ii . Troch . Alhand . ℈ ss . Cummin seed ℥ ss . make a long Suppository . For the Cardiac Passion was used Elect. Pleresarchon . Dose ℥ ss . fasting ; yea , at any hour it was used , drinking the following steeled Wine after it : ℞ Fumatory , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Scurvy-grass , Betony , Agrimony , Harts-tongue , each Mss. Bark of Capparis , Ash , Tamaris , each ℥ ss . Roots of Elicampana , Polipody , eachʒiii . Madder , Liquoris , Calamus Aromaticus , Eringoes , each ℥ ss . yellow Sanders , red Coral , Shavings of Ivory , eachʒvi . Cloves , Mace , Cinamon , Ginger , eachʒiii . Ceterach , Flowers of Broom , Rosemary , Marygolds , Epithymum , each p.i. Juniper berries ℥ i. Steel prepared according to Crato ℥ iv . White-wine lb viij . infuse them together at the Fire in Bal. Mar. for eight days at least ▪ stirring them twice a day ; after strain it three or four times , and to the straining add Saffronʒss . first drawn out of Scurvy-grass water , Confect . Alkermes ℈ ii . Sugar sufficient to sweeten it . Dose is two or three spoonfuls in the beginning , which may be increased , if there be need . And by these she was cured . OBSERV . XXXIV . Mrs. Combs , aged about 36 , being troubled with a long confirmed Scurvy , accompanied with the like and more dreadful Symptoms , than are in the former Observation described , was cured as followeth : To prepare the humors , ℞ our Oxymel ℥ iii. Syr. Diaserios ℥ ii . Syr. Schelet . Forest. ℥ ii . Water of Water-cresses ℥ iii. Dose ℥ iiij , with White-wine for three mornings together , which gave two or three stools a day . After I purged her thus : ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agarick , Alephang . Ruffi . ā ℈ ii . Ol. Salv. Chym. gut . vii . cum Aq. Bet. f. Pill . 7. Deaurat . She took three at the hour of sleep . Being well purged , she used that Chalybiated Wine , prescribed in the former Observation , as also the Electuary in the same . After was taken the Antiscorbutic Water , prescribed Observ. 26 of this Century . For the Loins was used the Ointment in Observ. 33. After which was applied Emplast . de Ammoniac . Forest. For the corruption of the Gums we used this : ℞ Scurvy-grass water , Water wherein Iron was quenched , ā ℥ vi . Honey of Roses and Mulberries simp. ā ℥ ii . Oil of Vitriol , sufficient to make it sharp . With this she washed her Mouth . She drunk the Antiscorbutic Beer , prescribed , Observ. 7. and 24. of this Cent. For the Stomach was prescribed this : ℞ Spec. Diamb. Aromat . Ros. ā ℈ iss . Ol. Mastic . ʒi . Cer. flav . ʒvi . Labdan . ʒiii . f. Emplast . To the Back was applied Oxycroceum . There were often used at the hour of sleep five Pills framed of Cyprus Turpentine , and Cream of Tartar. By these she was freed , and brought forth a goodly Daughter , beyond all expectation . OBSERV . XXXV . THe Lady Clark , aged about 44 , afflicted with a Bastard Tertian , was cured as followeth : I gave the following Vomit upon the coming of the third Fit ; ℞ Emetick Infusionʒvi . It gave eight Vomits and one Stool , and she had a gentle Fit. After the heat coming on , she drank of the Decoction of Harts-horn . The intermitting day she had the following Clyster : ℞ Mallowes , Beets , Mercury , Origanum , Calamints , each M ss . Seeds of Anis and Fennel , eachʒii . Whole Barly p. i. Flowers of Chamomel and Melilot , each p. i. make a Decoction in water to ℥ x. in the straining dissolve Diacatholicon and Diaphaenicon , each ℥ i. Spec. Hier. Pier. Holland Pouder , eachʒi . make a Clyster . Which purged well . Before the fit she took the following : ℞ Confect . Alkermes ℈ ss . Laudanum Paracelsi gr . ii . Magistery of Pearl gr . iii. mix it . After which she became well . OBSERV . XXXVI . MR. Thomas Vnderhil of Lamcot , aged about 39 , was exceedingly weakned with pissing blood , with pain from very light motion of the Body , as also heat of the Urine , who was cured as followeth : ℞ Mass. Pil. de Tereb . cum Rhab. Craton . ʒii . form . Pil. vi . of a drachm . Three were given in the morning rolled in the Pouder of Liquoris , in a spoonfull of some Syrup of Althaea . These taken , ℞ Troch . Alkekengicum Opio ℥ ss . Rad. consolid . Terebint . coction . indurat . āʒi . Sacch . ℥ ijss . cum infus . Gum. Tragac. Aq. Malv . f. Tab. pond . ℈ ii . Take one morning and night . ℞ Tereb . Limpid . ℥ ss . dissol . cum Vitel. Ovi , ut artis est ; adde Mel. ℥ i. Sacch . Ros. ℥ ii . Vin. generos . ℥ vi . Misc. Of this was drank ℥ i every morning , which gave three or four stools , at night he took the Troches . He wore at his back a Plate of Lead perforated , and moistned in Vinegar , both night and day , and by these he was cured . OBSERV . XXXVII . KAtherine Sturley of Stratford , aged 44 , being fat and corpulent , cast out altogether bloody Urine without any pain of the Loins , or Neck of the Bladder , yea , there was little sense in its coming away , was thus cured : ℞ Liquoris shaved ʒvi . French Barley p. i. Jujubes , five leaves of Water-Lillies , Violets , Roses , each p. i. Seeds of Purslain , and Sorrel , also four greater cold Seeds , each ʒi . Roots of Succory ℥ i. Endive , Sorrel , Plantain , Fumitory , each M i. Boyl them in Cicer-broth , with water to lb i . after strain them ; to which add Sugar-candy ℥ ii . and make an Apozeme . Of which give the third part at a time fasting , it was taken for eight days . To strengthen the Kidneys I appointed this Electuary , ℞ Harts-horn prepared , red Coral prepared , each ʒi . Old Sugar of Roses , Marmalad of Quinces , each ℥ iss . Syrup of dried Roses , sufficient to make an Electuary . Of which was taken ℥ ss two hours before meat daily , twice a day . By these she was cured . First I applied the following : ℞ Sanicle , Ladies mantle , Golden rod , Sen-green , Betony , Agrimony , each M i. Althaea , M ii . Fearn , Flowers of Chamomel , St. Johns-wort , Mugwort , Bryers , Origanum , Tormentil leaves and roots , each M i. They are all to be in three Bags of half a yard long a-piece , being equally laid and basted , after they are to be boiled in the Faeces of red Wine , and applied to the Loins , the Patient lying upon her Belly . These were used one after another , till the Flux of blood was stayed . OBSERV . XXXVIII . THe Lady Hunks , aged 69 , cruelly vexed with a continual burning Feaver , with torment of the Side , and pain of the Stomach , as also with binding of the Belly for eight days ; the Urine was confused , and there was great danger of death , yet she was recovered as followeth : ℞ Mallowes , Althaea , Mercury , each M i. make a Decoction in Water , of which ℞ ℥ xii . Diaphaenic . Diacathol ▪ ā ℥ i. Pul. Sanct. ʒi . make a Clyster . This gave her two stools . After we gave our Antiscorbutic ●●●●p . To the pained Side , the following : ℞ Vnguent . Dialth . ℥ ii . Ol. Amygd . dule . ā ℥ ss . dissol . & misc . ad ignem . With this was the pained Side anointed ; after which was applied a double Linnen Cloth , anointed with Butter , by which the Pain remitted . The next day was taken of the former Decoction lb ss. the Emetick Infusion ℥ ii . make a Clyster . Which injected , gave three stools . For expectoration , ℞ the Magistral Syrup of Scabious ℥ i. Lohoch of Currants by Quercetan ℥ ii . f. Linct . Which was taken with a Liquoris stick . The Diet was moistning . The Drink was this : ℞ French Barly ℥ iii. Roses , Violets , each p. i. shaved Liquorisʒiii . Raisins ℥ ii . Figs three , Sugar-candy ℥ ii . boyl them in two gallons of Water to the consumption of a third part ; and drink the strained Liquor . Thus the Fever ended , Thirst remitted , Appetite was restored , she was freed from difficulty of breathing , and she slept well , and all this beyond all expectation within fourteen days : praise to God alone . OBSERV . XXXIX . BAronet Puckering , aged about 38 , very learned , much given to study , of a rare and lean Constitution , yet withal phlegmatick , was troubled with a Vertigo , and after Meat with sudden dejection of strength ; sometimes there was present pain of the Head , and darkness of Sight ; his Appetite was mean , his Urine well-coloured , but spumous . There were other Accidents from consent , by reason of the fault of Concoction , therefore first Concoction was helped ; secondly the Head and Nerves were strengthned , and their offending cause removed . But first of all , the first ways were gently emptied with ℥ iss of Manna dissolved in Broth , altered with Agrimony and Succory , roots and all . After he was purged thus : ℞ Pil. de Paeoni . ʒi . de Succin . Ruffi . ā ℈ i. Cephalic . Fern. ℈ ii . cum Aq. Betonic . f. Pil. 15. He took three at the hour of sleep , and had three stools in the morning . These ended , he took the Carminative Pouder prescribed Observ. 12. of this Century . After meals , adding to it Diamosch . dulc . ℈ i. I appointed the following Capital Roll : Spec. Diamosc . dulc . ʒi . Ol. Nuc. Mosch . per expr . ℈ i. Ol. Succin . alb . gut . iii. Ambr. gris . gr . iv . Sacch . in Aq. Lavend . dissol . ℥ iv . f. Confect . in Rotul . Of which he took two or three fasting , by which he found much ease . After he had the Leeches , and so became well . For preservation , in the Fall , he used the following : ℞ Roots of Fennel and Parsly , each ℥ i. of Butcher-broom and Sparagus , each ℥ iss . Calamus Aromaticusʒii . Agrimony , Betony , Maiden-hair , each M ss . Roots of Elicampanaʒii . Raisins of the Sun stoned , each M i. Liquorisʒi . Flowers of Broom and Rosemary , each p. i. Seeds of Anis and sweet Fennel , eachʒii . make a Decoction , in which was infused Sena ℥ iss . Rubarbʒii . Cinamon ℈ ii . in Embers for a night ; in the morning being strained , there was added Syrup of Succory , with Rubarb ℥ iiss . Syrup August . ℥ i. Oil of Vitriol sufficient to make it sharp . It was divided into two equal parts ; the first Dose gave four Stools , the other seven . The Humor thus prepared , he took the foresaid prescribed Pills , three at night , and two in the morning , which gave five Stools . When these were ended , he took the Carminative Pouder , adding Pul. Diamosc . dulc . ℈ i. Confect . Alkerm . ℈ ii . In the morning he used the aforesaid Rotula's , to which was added Confectio Alkerm . By which means he was perfectly cured . OBSERV . XL. BAronet Clark of Broom-court , aged about 57 , being troubled with a burning Tertian , with pain of the Stomach and Head , his Urine was red . Being called , I cured him in three days , as followeth : ℞ Emetick Infusion ℥ ss . Oxymel nostr . ℥ iv . This gave five Vomits and eight Stools , by which all was well remitted , and he enclined to health . The following day I gave the Decoction of Harts-horn , which he took often in a day , which he much extolled . This administred for three days , with a convenient Diet , he became very well . OBSERV . XLI . THe Lord of Northampton , aged about 29 , was vexed with a desperate Squinsy , insomuch that he could scarce draw his breath , could not swallow , from his Mouth flowed abundance of viscid humidities . He would not admit of bleeding , although pressed unto it . Therefore I thus purged him : ℞ Sena ℥ i. Rubarbʒiii . Agarick ʒii . Cinamon ℥ ss . Seeds of Anis and Fennel● eachʒi . Calamus Aromaticus ℥ ss . Liquorisʒiii . they were infused for twelve hours in lb iij of Water , after boiled at a gentle Fire , till a third part was wasted ; to the straining was added Syrup of Succory , Rubarb , Diaserios , each ℥ i. Of this , being at hand , I took ℥ iv . Syr. Diaserios , and Succory with Rubarb , eachʒvi . mix them . Much ado he had to swallow it , it gave him six stinking stools . This being reiterated , gave eight stools . For the first day I prescribed this Gargarism : ℞ Honey of Mulberries simple , Honey of Roses , each ℥ ii . Waters of Plantain , Barly , and Honey-suckles , each ℥ iv . Spirit of Vitriol and Sulphur , sufficient to make it sharp . Some of this was kept hot in the Mouth as long as he could , wasting all the parts by moving of it gently in the Mouth . Outwardly was applied a Cataplasm of green Wormwood and Hogs grease , morning and night , with happy success . That night being restless , he sent for Dr. Clayton from Oxford , yet would not be let blood , who prescribed the following Cataplasm , which delivered him from pain and danger ; ℞ Swallows nests , straw , dirt , dung and all , N. ii . they were boiled in Oil of Chamomel and Lillies , afterward they were beaten , and passed through a Sive ; to which was added white Dogs turd ℥ i. the Meal of Linseed and Fenugreek , each ℥ i. Vnguent . Dialthaea , and Hens grease , each ℥ ss . and so make a Pultess . It was applied hot . There was used a Fume of Amber , and at bed-time was held in his Mouth one of the following Troches : ℞ the Juyce of Liquoris , white Sugar , eachʒi . seeds of Purslain , Cucumbers , Melons , Gourds cleansed , ā ℈ i. Starch , Trag. āʒss . Penid. ℈ iv . f. Troch . For his Wife and others troubled with the Squinsy , I prepared these following : ℞ Seeds of white Poppies ℈ ii . Gum Tragacanth and Arabick , eachʒss . Seeds of Purslain , Melons , Cucumbers and Gourds , eachʒss , Juyce of Liquorisʒi . Sugar of Roses and Penidies , eachʒii . with Syrup of Poppies make Troches . But he contented himself with the former . After the application of the Cataplasm he had this Gargarism ; ℞ Plantain water lb iss . Scabious water ℥ iv . red Rosesʒi . Pomegranate Pillsʒss . after they were gently boiled and strained there was added Syrup of Mulberries , and Honey of Roses each ℥ ii . This he washed his Mouth withal often in a day , and taking after half a spoonful of the following ; ℞ Syrups of Liquoris and Maiden-hair , each ℥ ss . Diatrag. frig . ʒiss . Syrup of Mulberries and Poppies ā ℥ ss . mix them , and make a Licking . For ordinary drink he took this ; ℞ Seeds of Anis , Figs , Raisins of the Sun , and Liquoris boyled in lb iv of water , till a pint be wasted . By these all the Tumors were removed , and he cured . OBSERV . XLII . Mrs. Stock●n , Servant to Mrs. Sheldon of Weston , aged about 44 , was grievously afflicted with the Jaundice , accompanied with Pain and Torment on the right Side , being in danger of Death , was thus cured : ℞ Electuary of the Juyce of Rosesʒii . Diacatholiconʒiss . Diaphaeniconʒiiss . Rubarb ℈ i. Spike gr . v. Syrup of Succory with Rubarb ℥ ss . Succory water ℥ iii. make a Potion . This gave two stools . She was ( all the time of her Jaundice ) miserably afflicted with binding of the Belly . I caused a Vein to be opened , and there were removed ℥ iv of Blood. By this she was freed from the pain of her Side . After she was purged thus : ℞ Ammoniacumʒi . Oxymel ℥ ii Agrimony water ℥ i. mix them ; and so for four days . Being well purged , I prescribed a Gelly framed of shaved Harts-horn ℥ i. with ten Worms washed in White-wine , after boiled all in lb iss of Water , till half were wasted ; at the end of the boyling I added Saffron finely poudered ℈ i. Of this was given two spoonfuls in Broth , altered with Celendine , Barberry bark , and Mary-gold flowers . Her Drink was a Decoction of Harts-horn . She also took the following : ℞ White-wine ℥ iv . Celendine water ℥ iii. Saffronʒss . Venice Treacleʒiss . Bezoar ℈ ss . the Juyce of Goose-dung three spoonfuls ; make a Sudorifick Potion . Dose ℥ iv , at four a clock in the morning . At night she took the following Electuary : ℞ yellow and white Sandersʒiii . Currants infused in White-wine , and after passed through a Sive , ℥ iv . Rubarbʒi . Saffron ℈ i. f. Elect. Dose , the quantity of a Filbert . By these she was cured . After I advised to use the following : ℞ Elect. Chalyb . ℥ ii . Rhab. Pul. ʒi . Ammoniac . Pul. ℈ iv . Elect. de Tamarind . ℥ ss . Diatrionsant . ʒiii . Misc. f. Elect. Dose ℥ ss . using exercise . And thus in twenty days she was delivered from Death . OBSERV . XLIII . ONe of Northampton , aged about 65 , was much troubled with the heat of Urine , and Strangury , with an Ulcer in the neck of the Bladder , was cured as followeth : First I gave him the Terbentine Potion , prescribed Observ. 14. of this Century . For eight days for ordinary Drink , he took the same appointed there . All this while he wore Plates of Lead much perforated , and often changed , to his Back . I appointed the following Injection : ℞ Troch . alb . Rha. sine Opioʒiss . Lap. Calamin . & Tutiae praep . āʒi . Plumb . ust . lot . in Aq. Plantag . Bol. Arm. puris . āʒii . f. Pul. subtilis . cujusʒi Misc. cum Decoct . seq . and inject it , adding ʒi of the Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth , made in Plantain water . ℞ Horse-tail , Plantain , eách M i. Comfrèy róòts ℥ ii . red Roses p. i. Pomegra●ate Pillsʒii . first beat them , and after boyl them in steeled Water . At the end of these was used the following Tablets : ℞ Troch . Alkekeng . cum Opio ℥ ss . Rad. consolid . Terbent . coct . indurat . āʒi . Sacch . ℥ iiss . cum infus . Gum Tragac. f. Troch . ℈ ii pond . One was taken with Milk , or the Water distilled off Whites of Eggs , &c. For many days a Leaden Pipe was put into the Yard , and there kept ( which was anointed with Vng. Rubrum ) as long as he could . His Cods being tumified , were anointed with Vnguent . de Minio , for which also he drank the Decoction of Sarsaparilla . Thus was he freed from the heat of his Urine . But now being vexed with a virulent Gonorthea , he took the following Pouder for ten days : ℞ Sarsaparilla ℥ iss . Bark of Guaiacum ℥ ss . Cinamon ℈ ii , gr . v. Senaʒii . Dodder , Hellebore root , eachʒi . fine Sugar ℥ ii . mix them , and make a Pouder . Dose ℥ iss . Sometimes the Dodder and Hellebore was omitted . And by this he became well . But after riding to London , ( by what occasion I know not ) it broke forth again , where he had the advice of Doctor Harvy , who prescribed what follows : ℞ Troch . Rhasis alb . ℥ ss . Troch . Gord. ℈ i. Aloes opt . ʒiiss . Penidior . ʒiss . Aq. Plantag . lb ss. f. Inject . The following Electuary he used at night , the quantity of a Bean , when he went to bed : ℞ Troch . Alkekeng . cum Opio ℥ ss . Syr. Limon . q. s. Gum Tragacanth , Mastich , Crystal . praep . Coral praep . ā ℈ i. f. Elect. By these he was again restored . After he went to St. Vincent's Well , and was much better by their use . After this , being hurt with the forcing in a Pipe to remove a Caruncle by a Chirurgeon , he again relapsed , and never was cured . OBSERV . XLIV . Mrs. Mary Comb of Stratford , aged about 13 , Febr. 15. 1631. Two years before this she had her Lunar Evacuations sufficient , they beginning to flow abundantly in the eleventh year of her Age ; but now they being stopped , upon which she felt a light Convulsion in the right eye ( to use her owm word , a twitching ) as though her Eye was pulled inward , and presently it would be gone : after both eyes did suffer with great pain of the Head , for which I administ●ed at bed-time , Pil. Cephal . Fern. ʒss . by which she had three stools , the next day they were repeated . Then she became cruelly vexed with the Mother , continuing in the Fit for nine hours , with some light intervals of ease , from which she was delivered by the following Medicines : She had a Fume of Horse-hoofs . There was also given Aq. Hysteric . now called Aq. Brioniae compos . Dose three spoonfuls , by intervals as she could take it . I applied Emplast . Hyster . below the Navil . Lastly , I appointed the following Ointment to anoint the inner part of the Matrix : ℞ Musk gr . iv . Nutmeg ℈ i. Oil of Lillies ℥ ss . mix them . By this it returned to its place . For a Fume she had the following , used to the Nose : ℞ Castory , Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar , each ℥ ss . Sulphur ℥ i. Assa faetidaʒi . make Troches with Oil of Castory . ℞ Pil. de . Paeon . de Chamaep . ā ℈ ii . Ol. Salu. Chy. gut . v. f. Pil. N o 10. Three of these were given at bed time , to which was added Extract . Hyst . ℈ ii . By these she had five or six stools . The following day she had another Fit , but less ; but by the foresaid Fume and Ointment she was well amended . Inwardly were given two spoonfuls of Aq. Brion . comp . At night she took two of the foresaid Pills ; coming to her in the morning , I found her eased of her pain of Head and Stomach . The 11th of Febr. she was gently afflicted with the Mother , and a light Fever ; to prevent which I gave Extract . Hysteric . ʒii . cum Aq. Hisr . q. s. f. Pil. 10. She took one of them in the morning fasting , and so she became well . March 28. she fell again into the Mother , with Convulsion of the Eyes , the said Convulsion having grieved her two days before she was afflicted with the Mother : ℞ Pil. de Paeon . Chamaepit . Hier. cum Agarick , ā ℈ ii . Pil. de Succin . Ruffi . āʒi . Extract . Hyster . ʒii . cum Aq. Hyster . f. Mas. Of th●s there were made five of a drachm covered with Gold ; of these she took three at bed-time . By these she was delivered . OBSERV . XLV . THe First-born Son of my Lady Harrington , after the Pox , laboured of a Tumor of the Nose and Lips , and sometimes the Cheeks , with a Rheum distilling from the Head ; he was about the age of 10 , which I cured as followeth : ℞ Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Brook lime , each M iv . Juniper berries lb ss. Agrimony M i. Wormwood , Carduus benedictus , each M ss . boyled them in five gallons of Beer , till a fourth part were wasted . Of the strained Liquor was taken lb ii. Sena ℥ ii . Agarick ℥ ss . Rubarbʒii . Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Sassaphras ℥ i. Hermodactils ℥ iss . Liquoris ℥ i. Polypody ℥ ii . Seeds of Anis , Carraway , Coriander , each ℥ ss . Cinamonʒii . To the straining , add Sugar sufficient to make a Syrup . Of this was taken ℥ x. Syrup of Succory with Rubarb ℥ ii . Dose was three or four spoonfuls . For the Lips was used Aq. Mercur. Ruland . and at night a Plate of Lead . He drank of the foresaid Beer . Which Course having been continued for few days , he was cured of his Lip. OBSERV . XLVI . MArgaret Baker , aged 9 , having after the Pox a grievous ugly Tumor upon her Nose and Lip , was perfectly cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒss . f. Pil. iij. They were given her at a night when she went to bed , and so for four days . Being well purged , the Lip was washed cum Aq. Merc. Ruland . OBSERV . XLVII . MY Lady Rainsford , ( beautiful , and of a gallant structure of Body , ) near 27 , was three days after her being laid of a Child miserably tormented with pain in her Belly , from which I delivered her with the following : ℞ the white of Hens-dungʒi . being put in Beer and Sugar , she took it . To the Belly the following was applied hot : ℞ new Milk and Honey , each lb i . Horehound M i. Wheat flower ℥ iii. Saffronʒi . boyl them to a Pultess . By these she was delivered . The Translator hath freed several from this Distemper with Chamomel Posset-drink . OBSERV . XLVIII . Mrs. Grace Court , Wife to my Apothecary , aged 27 , being grievously afflicted with a burning Fever , and that continual , Pain in the Loins , small bleeding at the Nose , Pain of the Head , with small Delirium , was cured as followeth : First , I appointed her to bleed four or five ounces , although she had passed fourteen weeks of her time , being with Child . The same day I gave the following Cordial : ℞ burnt Harts-horn , Spec. liberant . pul . Pannon . rub . Confect . Alkerm . ā ℈ ii . Conserve of Barberries ℥ i. Of this she took the quantity of a Bean every three hours . She drank no drink but the following : ℞ Spring water boyled lb iii . Syrup of Pomegranatsʒiss . Julep of Roses ℥ ii . Spirit of Vitriol , as much as made it sharp . To the Soals of her Feet were applied Radishes beaten with Salt , and besprinkled with Rose-vinegar , which was renewed every fourth hour . For the inflammation of the Tongue , was used the following Gargarism : ℞ Spring water lb ii. Julep of Roses ℥ iss . Honey of Mulberriesʒvi . Rose vinegarʒi . Spirit of Vitriol sufficient to sharpen it . With this she washed her Mouth , which brought away much Phlegm . Now and then the dry places were anointed with Honey of Roses , and sometimes Butter . To the Wrists I caused to be applied Vng. Antifebri . ℞ Vng. Popul . ℥ i. Tel. Aranear . multas , Nuc. Arbor . parum , Misc. For the Back , ℞ Vng. Popul . Ros. ā ℥ ss . Alabast . ʒii . Ol. Nymph . ʒvi . Camphor . ℈ ss . Misc. But because there was no Oil at hand , the following was used : ℞ Ol. Scorp . ʒii . Amygd . dulc . ℥ ss . Vng. Ros. ℥ i. Misc. For the pain of the Head was used the following : ℞ Aq. Ros. Plantag . Flor. Sambuc . ā ℥ iii. Ol. Ros. Aq. Lactuc . ablut . aliquot . ℥ iss . Pul. Santal . rub . ʒiss . Misc. In this were dipped Linnen Clothes , and applied to the Head. And lest she should fall into Carus , we used the following Decoction : ℞ pure Spring water lb ii. Seeds and Pills of Citrons , eachʒi . burnt Harts-horn ℥ ss . Spec. Liberan . ʒii . boyl them till a quart be wasted ; to the straining was added the Juyce of Citrons , and Sugar , and after boyled , being not only scummed , but purified with Whites of Eggs. Of this she took three draughts in a day , one in the morning , the other an hour before dinner-time , and the third at four a clock in the afternoon . For the strengthning of the Heart , and repelling malign Vapours , she took twice a day ( before she drank the foresaid Decoction ) the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Cordial : ℞ Rob of Barberries , Conserve of the Pulp of Citrons , each ℥ i. Spec. Liberant . prepared Pearls and Smaragdines , each ℈ i. with the Syrup of Citrons make an Electuary . Of this she also took at night . After her third draught the next day she took of the Electuary , wherein was Pul. Pan. rub . And afterwards a Clyster : ℞ Althea roots ℥ i. the four emollient Herbs , each M i. Barly p. iss . Gourd seeds ℥ ss . make a Decoction to ℥ xii . in which dissolve Cassia ℥ i. Honey of Violets ℥ i. Oil of Violets ℥ iii. with Salt make a Clyster . The 20th day of June she vomited a Worm with Melancholy matter . Then I gave of the following Electuary the quantity of a Bean every fourth hour : ℞ Conserv . Ros. vitriolat . ℥ i. Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . ʒi . Pul. Pan. rub . ℈ i. Conser . Barb. q. s. f. Elect. These remitted her Fits , and she came to a composed mind , and in a short time became well . OBSERV . XLIX . THe Countess of Northampion , ( born of a noble Off-spring , notably educated , and of a very good disposition , very fair and beautiful , ) in the seventh month of her Child-bearing , fell into a Bastard Tertain , as also a filthy yellow Jaundice , Torment of the Belly and Head , and Pain of the Back , being aged about 26 , desiring my advice , being not willing to purge , I prescribed as followeth : ℞ the Flowers of Marygolds and Rosemary , each p. i. Carduus benedictus p. ss . Flowers and leaves of Melilot p. ii . boyl them in sufficient Posset drink to lb ss. with a little Sugar . She took half of it an hour before her Fit , hot , by which the Fit was retarded two hours ; it beginning , she took the other half , which freed her from her shaking , then her Jaundice appeared in her Water manifestly , after sweat broke forth , the next Fit was less . In the heat of the Fever and sweat , she took the Decoction of Harts-horn , with Juyce of Limons , of which she drank liberally , in which Decoction she would not admit Rose-water . On her quiet day she took every third hour the quantity of a Bean of the following : ℞ Conserve of Barberries ℥ ss . Pul. Pan. rub . ℈ ii . but after she had taken of it once , she abhorred it . She had a Gelly of Harts-horn with Marygold flowers , and Saffron . The 22th of July , before her Fit , she had five grains of Bezoar ; and an hour before her Fit the foresaid Posset-drink . This Fit she was troubled with shaking , but the hot Fit and sweating was less by six hours . The 23th day , by five in the morning it left her . She took this : ℞ Tincture of Coral , Magistral of Pearl , each gr . iv . Pul. Pannon . rub . gr . xii . mix them . She took it an hour before dinner , and an hour before supper . The 24th day by three a clock in the morning she took as before , and the Posset-drink , which mitigated the Fit ; the 25th , as the 23th . The 26th there was applied hot to the Feet the following : ℞ Wormwood , Rue , Fetherfew , Nettles , each equal parts . She also had the Posset-drink , as before . The foresaid being hot , was anointed with Vng. Popul . with Opium . To the Back was applied Emplastrum Oxycroceum , which removed the Pain of her Back wholly ; that day her Fever was very little . The 28th she took the following : ℞ prepared Harts-horn , Pul. Pann . rub . eachʒss . Carduus water ℥ ii . Syrup of red Poppies ℥ ss . Bezoar gr . iv . mix them . It was given five hours before the Fit , and the Herbs were applied to the Feet . The heat coming , ℞ Syr. Papav. ℥ i. Lim. ℥ ss . Aq. Scab . ℥ ii . Ol. Vitriol . gut . v. Aq. Caelest . gut . vii . Misc. With these Remedies in twelve days she was wholly cured . August the 5th taking cold , she relapsed . Then before the Fit two hours , were applied the Herbs to her Feet ; to her Pulses this : ℞ Vng. Popul . ℥ ss . Tel. aran . multas , Nuc. arbor . parum . Her Temples were anointed with Populeon . For her Coldness , ℞ Aq. Bezoar . Coch. s. Lap. Bezoar . gr . v. Succ. Lim. Coch. ii . It was given two hours before the Fit. When her heat came , her Temples were anointed with Vnguent . Popul . ℥ ss . Opii in Aq. Ros. dissol . ℈ ss . By these she was again cured , and after she was brought to bed with a Daughter , which I saw in her Arms. OBSERV . L. MR. Fosset , ( a Minister ) aged about 55 , was cruelly tormented with the Hemorrhoids , for which many Medicines had been used , yet fruitless . After he came to me , to whom I used the following : First , I caused them to be fomented with warm Milk , after applied this : ℞ Oil of Linseed , and Elder , of the first ℥ ii . the other ℥ i. They were applied with double Linnen Clothes night and day . After was used Tapsi valentia . And after this , ℞ Vng. Popul . ℥ i. Opii torrefact . & pul . ℈ i. Misc. It was applied to the part . By these he was cured . OBSERV . LI. ANne Ward of Stratford , had black evacuations both from Mouth and Belly , after fell into the rising of the Lungs , so that all looked on her as dead ; she could not speak , her Breath was sent out with a noise ; for an hour she lay thus . Being called , I presently caused a great Cupping-glass to be set to the Mouth of the Stomach , and presently she spake . And so twice before I delivered Mrs. Goodyear , and Mrs. Savage , from danger of Death . All the night after she held in her Mouth of our pectoral Rolls , and after had this Clyster : ℞ Ol. Carmin . Quer. Diacathol . ā ℥ ii . Decoct . Carmin . pro Clyst . lb ss. It gave two stools the following day . ℞ Elect. de Tamarind . ℥ ss . de Succ. Ros. ʒiii . Crem Tart. ℈ i. cum Sacch . f. Bol. It gave eight stools , and so she was cured . OBSERV . LII . Mrs. Fines , aged 22 , 1632. ( Wife to the Lord Say's eldest Son , a very religious excellent Woman , ) was miserably afflicted with the following Symptoms , viz. Obstruction of the Courses for the space of two months ; and when she had them at a fit time in a laudable quantity , they were of an ill watery colour , with great pain in the Womb ; there was also difficulty of breathing , with trembling and beating of the Heart , as if it would have burst through ; after sleep she was sick , with torment of the Belly , and gnawing about the Navil , but these Pains were most miserable about the time of her Courses ; upon breaking wind she was somewhat eased ; her Belly was also very hard , and moved , as if with child ; but hot Clothes being applied removed the Pain and Wind. She was also vexed with pain of the Spleen , Whites , Leanness , Pain of the Loins , a light Vertigo , as also of the Scurvy , and truly I judged all these Symptoms to arise from it . Which I cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒii . Ruffi . ʒi . f. Pil. N. 15. She took three at bed-time , and two in the morning , which wrought excellently . For the Wind , ℞ Spec. Pleresarc . ℥ ss . Sacch . Ros. ℥ iv . Misc. Dose , half a spoonful after meat . By the use of these her Courses flowed well , with many lumps like Flesh , not dissoluble in water , they were expelled with torment , as in Child-birth . To cleanse the Womb , ℞ Hier. cum Agaric . de Succin . āʒiss . Terb . Cypr. Pil. Ruffi . āʒss . f. Pil. N. 20. She took these as the former , cum custodia . These ended , she took Spec. Pleresarc . ʒii . and used exercise . The fifth of March , at four a clock in the morning , she took Crem . Tart in Broth. An hour after that , of our Chalybiat Water , thus framed : ℞ Oil of Sulphur pint i. Spirit of Wine pint ii . boyl them in a great new made Iron Spoon at a gentle Fire , till half be evacuated ; the Pouder remaining , keep very close , lest it dissolve . Of this ℞ ʒii . to which put Agrimony water ℥ iv . and infuse them upon hot ashes . Of this she took ℥ ss in Broth , and used exercise ; the first day she vomited , and the second and third days she did not ; she used it for fifteen days . It is excellent in all Diseases arising from the Liver , as Dropsy , Cachexia , Green-sickness . To her Spleen was applied Empl. ex Ammoniac . Fer. & Oxycroc . She used every day Plerisar . and Sugar . Scorbutic Beer was not omitted , as Cent. 1. Observ. 1. By these she was cured , taking in the morning Diacubebʒii . OBSERV . LIII . FRances Finch of Stratford , aged 47 , being troubled with the Worms , Pain of the Back and Sides , was thus cured : ℞ Pul. Dudlian . Scamon . praep . ā gr . xiv . Crem . Tartar. gr . x. Aq. Boragin . ℥ iss . Syr. Ros. Coch. half . This being exhibited , gave four stools , with abundance of little Worms . The next day being given again , she was cured . It is observable , that Riverius hath several Observations about Worms , and his special Remedy is Mercur. dul . cum Scam . aut Resin . Jalap . the which the Translator hath proved very often , given in a due Dose . OBSERV . LIV. Mrs. Jackson , ( Wife to Mr. Jackson Jun. ) aged about 24 , being not well purged after birth , fell suddenly into a grievous Delirium , no other Disease preceding ; she was most angry with those that formerly she most loved , yet her talk was very religious . By intervals there was a Fever acute , which made me fear a Frenzy . By reason of much business I could not have time to visit her , yet there was a happy success by the following Prescriptions : ℞ Syr. Artem. ℥ i. El. Lenit . Diacath . āʒiii . Rhab. Castor . ā ℈ ss . Aq. Betonic . ℥ iii. Misc. Her Stomach being full of wind , she vomited after without Pain , she had five stools . She took it again . The 22th of May there were taken away ℥ vi of blood , very black and aqueous ; yet the Delirium was not wholly removed . The 23 day , ℞ Leaves of Mallows , Violets , Beets , Lettice , Borage , each M ii . Barly ℥ i. Seeds of Gourds and Cucumbers , each ℥ ss . make a Decoction with a sufficient quantity of Water , to ℥ xii . To the strained Liquor add Oil of Violets ℥ iii. Cassia new drawn , Diacath . each ℥ i. Saltʒi . make a Clyster . After for watching and restlesness I gave the following Syrup : ℞ Syrup of red Poppies ℥ iss . Syrup of Violets ℥ ss . Scabious water ℥ iii. Rose-water a little , Oil of Vitriol to sharpen it . To the Forehead was applied this : Oil of Roses omphac . ℥ iii. Vinegar of Roses ℥ i. Pouder of red Sandersʒiss . Waters of Lettice , Plantain , and Roses , each ℥ i. mix them . To the Head was applied a Hen new cut thorow . To the soals of the Feet , Radishes bruised with Salt and Vinegar , every third hour , for revulsion . The 25th , ℞ Cassia newly drawn with Betony water ℥ i. Syrup of Roses solutive ℥ ss . Waters of Bugloss , Borage , Violets , each ℥ ij . make a Potion . It was given in the morning . There were also Scarifications , with Cups to the Scapula's and Shoulders . And thus in seven days she was happily cured . OBSERV . LV. MAy the 2d , Mrs. Woodward of Aven-dasset , ( a Maid very witty and well-bred , yet gibbous , ) aged 28 , six days before this fell into a continual burning Fever ; then by the Physician being purged , and let blood , from it she fell into a Bastard Tertian , pernicious , with a yellow Jaundice , and spots like flea-bitings , which after left marks , which discovered the Fever to be joined with the Scurvy . For often it happens both in Continual , Tertian , and Quartan Fevers , as appears in Eugaleus . She wanted her Courses , and had constipation of the Belly . I coming on the intermitting day , gave this : ℞ Tincture of Coral gr . vi . Spec. Liberant . ℈ ss . Manus Christi perlat . ℈ ii . Lap. Bezoar . gr . v. with Conserve of Barberries . In the same day she took often the Decoction of Harts-horn , with Manus Christi perlat . For her Broth I appointed these Herbs , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Borage , Cichory . May the 26th , ℞ Diaturb . cum Rhab. ( because there was no other ready at hand ) ℈ iv . It was infused all night in Posset-drink , in the morning it was strained , and taken with Sugar . I being absent , it gave four stools without pain . Towards evening she expected her unwelcom Enemy , with grief of mind . To the Wrist I applied Vng. Antifebrif . to the Feet , Wormwood , Rue , Chamomel , boyled in Water , and applied hot in bladders before the Fit came . ℞ Spec. Liberant . ʒii . Conserv . Barbar . ℥ ii . Of this she took the quantity of a Bean often in a day , with our Antiscobutic Water , Observ. 26. of this Cent. For the Jaundice and Scurvy , ℞ Ammoni●● . Pul. ℈ ii . Oxym . simpl . ℥ ii . Aq. Agrim . ℥ i. It was repeated on the quiet day , as need required . To the Spleen was applied Empl. de Ammon . There was used Elect. Diacurcum . the quantity of a Nutmeg , after meals . Being altogether freed from the Fever , yet not the Scurvy , I prescribed the Chalybiat Wine ( Observ. 42. Cent. 1. ) ℥ vi . Syrup of Scurvy-grass ℥ iij. of Brook-lime and Water-cresses , each ℥ ii . Dose was six spoonfuls , with exercise . And every other day , ℞ Pil. Stomac . Ruffi . cap. Pill . iii. exʒss . at going to bed . And so she was cured . OBSERV . LVI . Mrs. Hopper , aged 24 , after birth , the After-birth was retained and corrupted , so that it was cast forth in little stinking bits , whence a direful stink ascended to the Stomach , Heart , Liver , Diaphragma , and from thence to the Brain ; so that there was Pain of the Head , often fainting , and cold sweats ; so that there was great danger of death , yet was recovered , as followeth : ℞ Colocynthis boyled in equal parts of Water and Juyce of Rhue , with which was mixed Myrrh , the Meal of the Seeds of Line , Fenugreek , and Barly , of each a spoonful ; boyl them all together , and make a Plaster . Which apply to the whole Belly from the Navil to the Privity . The Matrix was anointed with ●ng ▪ Basilicon . ℞ Castory gr . vi . Myrrh , Saffron , each gr . iij. Mithrid . ℈ ss . make three Pills . Which was given at bed-time . And thus in twenty four hours she was delivered . OBSERV . LVII . GOod-wife Archer of Stratford , was suddenly taken with Convulsion of Face and Eyes , loss of speech , her Matrix carried from its proper place , and so cast , as if she had been the very Image of Death , sometimes vehemently opening and casting her Eyes hither and thither ; was cured as followeth : ℞ Castoryʒi . Juyce of Rhue a spoonful , Sage water ℥ ii . Syrup of Mugwort ℥ i. She was constrained to take it . To her Nose were applied stinking things . Within the space of few minutes she both spake and stood up . The next day , ℞ Spec. Hier. cum Agaric . ʒss . Pil. faetid . de Paeon . ā ℈ i. Faecul . Brion . Diagrid . ā gr . vi . f. Pil. 5. They were taken in the morning with custody . After ℞ Briony rootʒiii . Sena ℥ ss . Ginger ℈ ss . Cinamonʒi . Sugar ℥ i. infuse them for a night in hot Whey lb iss . Of this Infusion was taken ℥ v for several days together . With which the Cure was perfected . OBSERV . LVIII . Mrs. Lewes , Sister to Mr. Fortescue , three days after Child-birth , getting cold , fell into an Ague , with torment of the Belly , was cured as followeth : She drank the Decoction of Harts-horn , cur Julep against the Fever , two spoonfuls every fourth hour . She also had a Clyster of Milk and Sugar . There was Origanum and Marjoram lapped up between a Linnen Cloth , and applied hot to the Belly . And so she was suddenly helped . OBSERV . LXI . Mrs. Vernon of Hanberry , Wife to the Minister , aged about 30 , August 13. 1632. was afflicted with the Scurvy , joined with various Symptoms , as coldness in the soals of the Feet , which like a cold vapor ascending to the Stomach , made her grievous sick ; after that she was afflicted with heat , after with a cold sweat , and all in the space of two hours , and then she was well . Further she was afflicted with Melancholy , trembling of the Heart , and pain of the Spleen , so that she was forced to press it hard with her hands ; she had cruel pains of her Teeth and Gums , Loins , Laziness of the whole Body , Tumor of the Feet towards evening . In the time of her Courses she was miserably tormented , her Flux being much and inordinate , by which she was weakned . The Fits of the Mother often afflicted her , of which she was not delivered till she shed tears . Sometimes she had filthy black spots on her Thighs , sometimes she was also without stools for four days . Her Urine was of various colours . ℞ Mallowes , Mercury , Althaea , each M i. boyl them in sufficient quantity of Milk to lb i . in the straining was dissolved Diaphoenic . Diacathol . eachʒvi . Holland pouderʒi . make a Clyster . It gave three stools with wind . At her going to bed she took ʒii of London Treacle . The fourteenth day , ℞ Brook-lime , Water-cresses , each M i. Marygold flowers , and of Rosemary , each p. i. boyl them in sufficient quantity of Whey to lb iss . To the straining was added lb ss. of Sugar ; it was again boyled and scummed ; after was addedʒss of Saffron tyed up in a fine rag ; after a walm or two it was taken from the Fire . Of this Decoction were taken eight spoonfuls , Holland pouder , and Cream of Tartar , of each as much as lay upon a Six-pence , in the morning , fasting two hours after , and then taking Veal broth , altered with Borage , Bugl●ss , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , and Succory ; dining at the usual time , supping at five . At bed time she took London Treacle , as before . For the Mother was prescribed Aq. Brion . compos . now so called . For the coldness of the Feet was applied this Plaster : ℞ Pitch lb ii. best Rosin poudered and sifted , Frankinsence , each lb ii. Sheep-sewet ℥ i. Saffron and Mace , each ℥ ii . Labdanum ℥ iv . Cloves ℥ i. mix them , and boyl them for half an hour , or more . It is to be spread on Leather , like to a Shoo soal . This was continued for fourteen days , or six weeks , and then removed . And for certain this Plaster is profitable in all pain . By this Plaster I cured Mr. Feriman of an old pain in the Feet . For tumor of the Spleen I used Vng. Magist . pro Splen . In pain of the Back was used our Emplast . Nephritic . As ℞ red Lead and Wax ℥ ii . Opium gr . xv . Oil of Roses , of Water-lillies , each ℥ ii . Juyce of Night-shade ℥ i. boyl them to a Plaster . Spread it upon Leather . For wind of the Stomach , ℞ Conserve of Bugloss ℥ ii . Spec. Plerisarch . ʒii . Dose , the quantity of a Nutmeg . There was also used our Scorbutic Water , with Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers . She had also an Antiscorbutic Beer , and Chalybiat Wine . By the use of which she became well . OBSERV . LX. THou , O Lord , which hast the power of Life and Death , and drawest from the Gates of Death , I confess , without any Art or Counsel of Man , but only from thy Goodness and Clemency , thou hast saved me from the bitter and deadly Symptoms of a deadly Fever , beyond the expectation of all about me , restoring me as it were from the very jaws of Death to former health ; for which I praise thy Name , O most merciful God , and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ , praying thee to give me a most thankful Heart for this great favour , for which I have cause to admire thee . About the 57th year of my age , August 27. 1632. to Septemb. 29. I was much debilitated with an immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids ; yet daily was I constrained to go to several places to Patients . By riding , a hardness being contracted , the Flux was stayed for fourteen days . After I fell into a most cruel torture of my Teeth , and then into a deadly burning Fever , which then raged very much , killing almost all that it did infect , for which I used the following method , which by the help of God succeeded . First , I purged thus : ℞ Rubarb infusedʒi . ( surely it was infused in some proper water , suppose ℥ iii. ) Syrup . Diaserios ℥ i. Elect. è Succ. Ros. ʒiii . This gave four stools . After I used the Decoction of Harts-horn , and so the Disease was almost cast out by Urine , it flowed very much for four days space ; so that I was not only much maciated , but also weakned , so that I could not move my self in my Bed without help . I also had Convulsion of the Mouth and Eyes . Then was a Pigeon cut open alive , and applied to my feet , to draw down the Vapours ; for I was often afflicted with a light Delirium . Then my Wife sent for two Physicians . I had used a Clyster with Em●llient Herbs , and Electu . Diacath . & Leniti . By the Physicians my Friends , was prescribed the following Electuary , of which I swallowed the quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day . ℞ Elect. de Gem. cal . ʒii . Spec. Plerisarch . ʒi . ( from fear of the Scurvy ) Manus Christi perlat . ℥ i. Conserv . Buglos . & Violar . ā ℥ ii . Syr. Luju . ℥ i. Syr. Viol. ℥ ss . Limon ℥ i. Ol. Vitriol . gut . vi . f. Elect. The 27th of Septemb. I was thus purged : ℞ Elect. Lenit . ℥ iss . Aq. Absynth ▪ ℥ iv . Misc. It gave three stools . At the hour of sleep ▪ I took Diacodium , Syrup of red Poppies , with Diascordium . For the heat of the Back , ℞ Refrig . Gal. ℥ iss . Cerat . Santal . ℥ ss . Succ. Sed. Acet . Vini alb . ā coch . i. f. Vnguent . mol . An Emplaster for the region of the Heart , ℞ Labd . ʒvj . Styrac . Calam. ℥ ss . Spec. Aromat . Ros. ℈ iv . Mosc . gr . iv . Misc. I again was purged thus : ℞ Syr. Diaserios ℥ iss . Elect. e Succ. Ros. ʒiii . Aq. Cichor . q. s. It is to be observed , before the Physicians came , there were drawn ℥ vii of Blood from the Liver vein , and three days after that were the Leeches applied to the Hemo●●hoids , and thence removed ℥ x. After the Decoction of Harts-horn . Thus I was pretty well able to take Meat . After I used Chalybiat Wine , with Juyce of Scurvy-grass , and Syr. Sceletyrh . 〈◊〉 , and purged once a week with Pul. sanct . Syr. Diaserios , & infus . Rhab. For the pain of the Teeth I used Ol. Lig. Heraclei . After I was troubled with Itch in the Scrotum , which was cured with our Decoction of Sarsa . with Antiscorbutic Herbs . And so I became perfectly well , praised be God. OBSERV . LXI . BAronet Puckering of Warwick , aged about 44 , was cruelly vexed with pain of the Head , especially in the morning , and about evening ; yet when he cast himself upon his back , with his Head a little declining , he felt ease . I by the help of God cured him as followeth : ℞ Pil. de Paeon . ʒi . de Succin . Rusfi . ā ℈ i. Cephal . Fernel . ℈ ii . cum A● Betonic . f. Pil. N. 15. He took two at going to bed , and three in the morning . These ended , the Leeches were applied to the Hemorrhoids with happy and desired event , for he was altogether freed from the Pain of his Head. After he used the following Opiat : ℞ Lign . Sassafr . incis . ʒvi . Cinam . pul . Cal. Aromat . ā ℥ ss . infund . in Aq. Buglos . ℥ xii . per hor. 24. deind . coq . ad dimid . colat . adde Conserv . Flor. Cichor . Buglos . ā ℥ ss . Theriac . Venet. ʒi . Confect . Alkerm . de Hyacinth . āʒiss . Chalyb . praep . ℥ i. Diatri . Santal . Diamb. Diamosc . dulc . ā ℈ iss . Lap. Bezoar . ℈ ss . C. C. praep . Margarit , praep . ā ℈ ii . cum Syr. Conser . Citri . f. Opiat . Dose , the quantity of a Filbert , morning , and going to bed . Having taken cold , he fell into a Quotidian Fever in the night . I purged him thus : ℞ Syr. Diaserios ℥ ii . Rhabar . expres . ʒi . Cremor . Tartar. ℈ i. Aq. Betonic . ℥ ii . f. Haust . Which he retained for half an hour , and then vomited it , yet had four stools . The next day for his Cough and Phlegm , ℞ Syrup of Maiden-hair and Hyssop , each ℥ i. Syrup of Scabious , Magi. ℥ ss . make a Lincture . He liking it well , it was repeated , with which he cast up abundance of Phlegm . I framed him a Julep with capillary Herbs , Snails , yellow Sanders , China , shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , with Syrup of Limons and Violets . With three spoonfuls of this Julep were taken two spoonfuls of Aq. Saxon. frigid . ℞ Magist. perlar . ʒi . Aq. Scahios . ℥ iv . Syr. Caryophil . ℥ i. Confect . Alker . ℈ i. Misc. Thus he was delivered from his Fever . Afterwards for the preservation of his Health was prescribed the following Opiat , by Doctor Lapworth ; ℞ Conser . Flor. Betonic . Caryophil . hortens . ā ℥ i. Cortic. Citri . condit . ʒvi . Extract , Calam. Aromat . ʒi . Cortic. Winteran . pul . ℈ iiss . Sem. Paeon . ʒi . Ol. Cinam . gut . iv . cum Syr. Betonic . q. s. f. condit . Of this he took the quantity of a Nutmeg , which was used with great success . For his Spleen I prescribed this : ℞ Emp. Magist. pro Lien . ℥ iss . Diachyl . comp . ʒvi . Caran . in Acet . Scillitic . dissol . ʒiv . Rad. Helleb . alb . ℈ ii . Ol. Lig. Rhod. ℈ i. Misc. f. Empl. It was spread upon Leather , and covered with some Sarcenet , and applied to the Spleen . By these he was delivered from all his Symptoms , and to prevent , had a Fontinel opened in his left Arm. OBSERV . LXII . ALderman Tyler , being exceedingly troubled with heat and roughness of his Tongue , was cured with the following : ℞ Syr. Scabios . mag . Becabung . Nasturt . aquat . Succ. Cochlear . praep . ā ℥ ss . Syr. Tussilag . Liquirit . Papav. Erratic . ā ℥ i. Misc. It was taken often with a Liquoris stick . OBSERV . LXIII . THe Daughter of Alderman Smith , aged about 22 , from diminution of her Courses , and fear , fell into the Mother , with Convulsion of the Eyes , and darkness of sight , it continuing all the Fit , together with distortion of the Neck , and palpitation of the Heart , as also a Fever , so that she tossed up and down her Bed. In the time of her Fit I commanded to distil into her Mouth three spoonfuls of Aq. Hysteric . After I fumed her with Vngula Caballina , which delivered her from her Fit. To prevent , was given as followeth : ℞ Castor . pul . ʒss . Pil. Faetid . ʒj . f. Pil. 7. deaur . This purged her well , and delivered her from the Symptoms . Lastly , ℞ Pul. Castor . ʒss . Extract . Hyster . ʒi . f. Pil. N. 9. Of these she took three at bed-time , and two in the morning . By these few Remedies she was perfectly cured , and never had it after . OBSER . LXIV . THe only Son of Mr. Holy-oak ( which framed the Dictionary ) fell into a burning Fever , pain in the Loins , and Cough , the fore-runners of the Small-Pox , which appeared after the taking of the following Potion : ℞ Diascord . ʒi . Tinctur . Coral . Lap. Bezoar . ā gr . iii. It was given in Fennel water . By this he was freed from pain in his Back and Stomach , and they began to appear . To preserve the Eyes , ℞ Plantain water , Eye-bright water , and Rose-water , eachʒi . Camphire ℈ i. Saffron gr . ii . make a Collyrium . With which the Eyes were gently anointed often with a Feather . To preserve the Throat and Mouth , I prescribed that he should continually gargle Milk and Plantain water mixed , which is a most excellent Remedy ▪ Syrup of Pomegranats is also a Secret both to de●end the Lungs , Throat , Mouth , and Breast . Therefore I prescribed this : ℞ Syr. Gran. dul . ℥ ii . Penideor . ʒiii . Syr. de Ros. sicc . Diamor . ā ℥ ss . Diatrag . frigid . in Tab. ʒiii . Amyl . purif . ℈ ii . f. Eclegm . But because this was not to be had , there was used , Syrup of Scabious , Magistral . ā ℥ ss . Syrup of Maiden-hair , and Liquoris , each ℥ i. mix them . This was very successful . To refresh the Senses , ℞ a little Bread dipped in the Vinegar of Roses , held to the Nose in a fine Rag. For Diet he used this Hordeat : ℞ Hord. mund . p. i. Amygd . dulc . ℥ ii . f. Hordeatum lb i . Which was sweetned with Sugar of Violets , that the Pox might be expelled more . To the Skin was used a Decoction of Liquoris , Figgs , and common Barly ; which was given hot . He was kept constantly in bed , with a Fire in the Chamber . His Drink was Ptysan . And thus he was cured . OBSERV . LXV . THe Lord of Northampton's Gentleman had the ambulative Gout , wherein he had extreme pain , sometimes in one knee , sometimes in the other , so that he could scarce walk . There was also sometime a Retention of Urine , he was aged 34. He was presently eased by the following Medicines : ℞ Pil. sine quib . faetid . āʒi . ex Opopan . ℈ ii . Troch Alhand . ℈ i. Sal. prunel . gr . xv . f. Pil. deaurat . He took one at ten a clock at night , and four about seven a clock the next morning , and so for three days ; by which he was well purged . ℞ Emplast . Oxycroc . Diachyl . cum Gum. ā ℥ i. Ol. è Laterib . ʒi . f. Emplast . Which being applied to the pained part , eased it . The 27th of Decemb , to prevent , was given this : ℞ Elect. Caryocost . ℥ ss . Crem . Tart. ℈ i. Syr. Dias . ℥ i. Aq. Betonic . ℥ iv . M. After , ℞ Pil. sine quib . ʒi . Faetid . ℥ iss . Troch . Alhand . ℈ i. f. Pil. 10. There were given five for a Dose , by which he was wholly delivered . OBSERV . LXVI . Mrs. Boves , of Kings-cotton , aged 46 , was miserably afflicted with Itch in the Fundament , and Ascarides , which were presently cured as followeth : ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agarick , ʒii . Ruffi . ʒi . Faetid . ℈ i. f. Pil. N● 15. Two of which she took at going to bed , and three in the morning . These done , I gave a drachm of the following Rotula's : ℞ Sem. Macedonic . Sem. Santon . ā ℈ iv . Cortic. Granat . C. C. usti . āʒss . Dictam . alb . Rhab. elect . Caryophil . ā ℈ i. Cinam . ʒii . Croc. ℈ i. Misc. f. Pul. with sufficient quantity of Sugar make Rotula's , weighing a drachm . There were Suppositories used sometimes of Lard , sometime Clysters of Milk and Sugar . She used the Rotula's for fifteen days , by which she was delivered from the Itch and Worms . Thonerus cured a Girl of six years old , only with these following : Elect. de Tamarind . cum Fol. Sen. ℥ iii. Magist. Jalap . gr . vi . Misc. To preserve , he prescribed Rotul . contra Verm . August . ex Fol. Sen. &c. OBSERV . LXVII . THe Lady Brown of Radford , aged 49 , Jan. 1. 1633. having laboured of the Scurvy long confirmed , and now of a Scorbutic , continual , burning Fever , accompanied with the following Symptoms , with which she was vexed , as beating of the Heart , Wind of the Stomach and the Belly , of which she found very little ease , although she vented wind both ways . Her Mouth was continually dry , although she could content her self with a little Drink . Her Pulse was variable , weak , unequal , and often vermicular : The Heat in this Scorbutic Fever was more gentle than in an exquisit , and joined with less thirst and restlessness ; or if it were much , yet it was by intervals . Her Urine was thick and red , with the like sediment , unequal , yet thirst less . She was very subject to fainting when she rose out of her Bed , with many other deadly Symptoms , yet was she helped in a few days with the few following Medicines . Having great torment in the Belly , there was injected this Clyster : ℞ the common Decoction for a Clyster ℥ xii . course Sugar ℥ iv . fresh Butter ℥ ii . mix them . It gave two stools . But before the Clyster was administred , she took the following Electuary : ℞ Spec. Liberant . ʒi . in Conserv . Barber . It was given an hour before the Clyster . At the hour of sleep she took five grains of Bezoar , and the next morning the foresaid Electuary . The Clyster was again injected , and procured three stools , which gave great ease . She often took the Gelly of Harts-horn in Both , altered with Antiscorbutic Herbs . At the hour of sleep she took this : ℞ Aq. Cord. frig . Sax. ℥ i. Syr. Sceletyrb . Forest. coch . ii . The third day I thus purged her : ℞ Man. ℥ i. Rhabarbʒi . Crem . Tartar. ℈ i. Syr. Sceletyrb . Forest. ℥ i , Aq. Cichor . ℥ iii. Misc. This gave four stools . For her thirst she used the Decoction of Harts-horn . And thus she was cured . OBSERV . LXVIII . THe Lady Rainsford , aged about 62 , cruelly tormented with the Stone , Fever , Thirst , Pain of the Back , was cured as followeth : ℞ ● Pul. Holland . ʒi . Tereb . Cypr. ʒii . Misc. f. Pil. Of which was given ʒi . made in five Pills . ℞ Ol. Scorpion . ʒi . Amygd . dulc . ʒii . With this her Back was anointed . ℞ Decoct . comm . pro Clyst . ℥ xiii . Elect. Lenit . & Diaphoenic . ā ℥ i. Syr. Ros. sol . ℥ iii. Misc. This gave two stools . Six hours after it came away , was given another prepared only of the said Decoction , red Sugar ℥ iv . and Butter ℥ iv . But note , every third hour she took the following : ℞ Spec. Liberant . ʒi . Syr. Papav. erratic . ℥ ss . Hypos . q. s. She rested quietly this night . ℞ Rhab. pul . ʒii . Aq. Fumitor . ℥ viii . bul . ad quartam Col. adde Tart. Cryst . ℈ i. Syr. Diaserios ℥ ii . f. Haust . This gave five stools . The following day she had a Clyster framed only ( of Oil of Linseed . At bed time she took this : ℞ Spec. Liberant . ℈ ii . C. C. praep . ℈ i. Tinctur . Coral , ℈ ss . And so in the morning she was well . OBSERV . LXIX . DOctor Tbornberry , Bishop of Worcester , aged about 86 , Febr. 1. 1663. was long tormented with a Scorbutic wandering Gout , falsly imagined by his Physician to be a true Gout , as appeared not only by the frequent Change of his Urine , both in colour and substance , but also livid spots in his Thighs . He had very unquiet Nights from falt and sharp humors , and Vapors ascending to his Head ; and if he did sleep , it was with terror , which happened from the sudden slaughter of one in his Family , which did much terrify and perplex his Spirits , and afflicted him grievously with Melancholy . His Pain lay sometimes in his Knee , otherwhiles in his Foot , without any tumor in the Foot , but about the K●ee and Instep there was great swelling , and after in the Feet . I said he might be eased , but never perfectly cured , which I effected as follows . I omitted purging , he being very weak , and having been before purged . He had a Gelly framed of Harts-horn , with Knuckles of Veal , Partridg , Raisins , Dates , and Antiscorbutic Herbs . It being strained , there was added a little Tincture of Saffron and Alkermes , with Sugar-candy to sweeten it . He took the Juyce of Scurvy-grass prepared in Wine twice or thrice a day . For the Pain and Tumor was applied live-Worms , which I have often applied to others in like pains with good success . Afterwards I used the following , which removed the Tumefaction in three or four days . The Feet were bathed with this : ℞ Brook-lime M x. boyl it in sufficient quantity of Beer , for a Bath ; which was used morning and night . After bathing , was applied a Pultess framed of the Pouder of Wormwood , and Yolks of Eggs. The first night he slept more quietly . There were used also inwardly our Antiscorbutic Water , with the Juyce of Scurvy-grass , as before , as also the Gelly . He also had an Antiscorbutic Beer . By all which he was wholly delivered from the pain and tumor in his Feet , so that he could walk abroad . OBSERV . LXX . MR. Simon Vnderhil , aged about 40 , troubled with extream Vomiting , wind of the Stomach , difficulty of breathing , constipation of the Belly and Scurvy , was cured as followeth : ℞ Jalap . ℈ i. Crem . Tartar. ℈ ss . Tereb . Cypr. q. s. f. Pil. N. 3. which wrought well . For difficulty of breathing : ℞ Spec. Plerisarchon . ʒii . Conserv . Cochlear . ℥ ii . Confect . Alkermes ℈ i. Misc , Dose the quantity of a Nutmeg an hour before Meat . It was often repeated . There was also used Diacurcuma before supper ʒii . By these he became much better , so that he sent me away , and after came home to me , and said I should either cure him perfectly , or kill him . The 7th of March , after his first sleep at night , he was much troubled with Wind in his Stomach , for which was used this : ℞ Pul. Pan. rub . ℈ ii . Conserv . Flor. Viol. & Cochlear . Misc. He slept after that better in the morning . He had a Clyster of a Decoction framed of Brook-lime , Water-cresses , Scurvy-grass , and Nettles , ā ℥ xii . Holland pouderʒi . Diaphoenic . ℥ i. Spec. Diaturb . cum Rhab. ʒiss . mix them , and make a Clyster . This brought away abundance of Wind. But before the Clyster he swallowed this : ℞ Conserve of Scurvy-grassʒiij . Pul. Pan. ruh . ℈ i. The 9th day , ℞ the Juyce of Scurvy-grass prepared ℥ viii . Syrup of Brook-lime and Water-cresses , each ℥ ii . He used Chalybiat Wine , and Elect. Plerisarch . after meat , and continuing the Antiscorbutic Beer for fourteen days , he became perfectly well . OBSERV . LXXI . Mrs. Swift , ( dwelling with Baronet Brook at Warwick Castle , a Maid , ) aged about 20 , was miserably afflicted with the Mother , Convulsion of the Mouth , as also of the Arms and Hands . She had been well purged by expert Physicians , and many other Medicines fruitlesly used ; yet by the assistance of God I thus cured : ℞ the Decoction of Briony with Vterin Herbs lb ss. Spec. Hier. Pier. ʒii . Holland pouderʒi . make a Clyster . This injected , gave two stools with success . I gave her Aq. Hysteric . ( now called Aq. Brion . ) ℥ i. which the vomiting up , I presently exhibited the following : ℞ Extract . Hysteric . ℈ i. Faecul . Brion . ℈ ss . f. Pil. N. iii. deau● . Half an hour after she had taken them , she vomited them up with some Phlegm and acid Melancholy , complaining of great heat of her Stomach , as if it were excoriated . I presently commanded she should drink half a pint of clear cold Water , which she presently cast up ; it was reiterated , and as soon as it was hot in her Stomach , she cast it up again ; it was again repeated , and then she contained it with ease . For her Convulsion , ℞ Vng. Martiat . ℥ ss . Ol. Sassaf . & Succin . ä gut . 5. Misc. With this was her Neck anointed . To the Navil I applied an Emplaster of Caranna , in the midst of which was put of Musk and Civet gr . v. in Cotton-wooll . For many days she used a Gelly of Harts-horn , with a little Faecul . Brion . & Aron . There was used Sternut . Ruland . Being troubled with faintings , twice in an hour there was given her the following , by which she was wholly delivered : ℞ Mosc . opt . gr . 5. Cinam . Caryoph . Nuc. Mosch . ā ℈ i. cum Confect . Alkerm . f. Pil. deaur . OBSERV . LXXII . Mrs. Finnes , being delivered of her third Child , the third day fell into a burning Fever , with thirst and great weakness , her Midwife being with her , gave her Posset-drink made of the Juice of Limons and of Wood-sorrel ; and with her Chickens gave her the Juice of Sorrel as Sauce . By which her Stomach being too much cooled , she fell into an Hydropick Tumor , with swelling of the right Thigh and Leg , so that for the pain the Midwife could not move it . To which she applied a Plaster of red Lead , rolling it hard on ; the Pain and Tumor yet increasing , I was sent for , when being come , perceiving it hard , I conceived it to be a Scorbutic Dropsy . She implored earnestly my help , being in a very desperate condition . She being almost suffocated with Phlegm , I prescribed this Lincture , ℞ Syr. Hyssop . ●●eabung . Nasturt . aquat . & Scabios . Magistr . ā ℥ i. Misc. She took of this often with a Liquoris stick , with good event . For a Clyster , ℞ Mallowes , Brooklime , Water-cresses , Scurvy-grass , each M i. Roots of Fennel and Parsly , each ℥ ii . Tops of Elder M ss . boyl them in a quart of Water till it come to ℥ xii . in the straining dissolve course Sugar ℥ iv . Misc. This cast in , purged her well of Wind and Phlegm . It was reiterated the the next day with good success . At bed-time she took this : ℞ Pul. Pan. rub . ʒss . C. C. praep . ℈ ss . Confect . Alkerm . cum Syr. Limon . f. Bol. That night she was in a fine moist sweat . It was repeated the next morning . She was subject to fainting upon rising , or when moved , for which I appointed this : ℞ Conserv . Cochl . ℥ iii. Spe● . Ple●isarch . ℥ ss . Misc. She took the quantity of a Nutmeg three hours before she rose . Multitude of business calling me away , and hindering my return to her , she sent again to me , telling me she had like to have been suffocated with Phlegm the night before ; for which I repeated the foresaid Syrup , and our Antiscorbuti● Water , of which she took every morning six spoon●●ls , as also at bed-time . By these she was recovered beyond all expectation of all who gave her over for dead . She took a Clyster every other day , which was this : ℞ the buds of Elder M i. Scurvy-grass , Water cresses , and Brook-lime , each Mss. Nettles the whole M i. Roots of Parsly and Fennel , each ℥ i. boyl them in sufficient quantity of Water to ℥ xii . to the strained Liquor add Diacatholicon ℥ i. Diaturb . cum Rheo . ℥ ii . mix them . It gave three stools . To restore , she had a Restorative framed of Snails , Earth-worms , with Antiscorbutic Herbs , as also with Chicken and Partridg , with Cinamon . She also had the following Scorbutic Beer , ℞ the buds of Elder , Betony , Agrimony , Scabious , Wormwood , each M i. Carduus benedictus , Fumitory , Germander , each M ss . Water-cresses , Brook-lime , each M ii . Scurvy-grass M iv . Juniper berries lb ss. Shred and contuse them , and steep them in unboyled Beer , five gallons ; after boyl them to four , the following Species being in a bag are also to be boiled therein , and with the Beer hung in the Barrel , as the Seeds of Coriander and Anis , each ℥ ss . Liquoris ℥ i. Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Sassaphras ℥ i. Cortic. Winteran . ℥ ss . It stood fourteen days before it was drunk of , and then there was taken a draught in the morning fasting , as also before dinner and supper , and at going to bed . For the Contraction of the Leg , from the beginning , was used the following : ℞ Ol. Cham. Lumbric . de Castor . ā ℥ i. Ping. Anser . Gallin . ā ℥ ss . Vng. Dialth . ℥ ii . Succ. è Fol. Cochlear . Becabung . Nastur . aquat . ā ℥ i. Cer. q. s. f. Unguent . This proved excellent , for in three days space she was able to go with a Staff. Every day she also took four ounces of the following : ℞ Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , equal parts , Brook-lime half so much ; beat them in a stone Mortar , and boyl them in Milk , pouring not much Liquor upon them ; and drank it as before , till the Beer was ready . She took the following Clyster twice a week : ℞ of a Childs Vrine ℥ xii . in which boil Leaven ℥ iss . Seeds of Fennel , Anis , and Dill , each ℥ iss . purified Honey ℥ i. make a Clyster . And so she was restored to her former health . OBSERV . LXXIII . MR. Fortescue , ( Catholick ) of Cook-hil , aged 38 , ( a great Drinker , of a very good habit of Body , sanguine , very fat , ) fell into a Scorbutic Dropsy by a Surfeit , with difficulty of breathing , hard tumor of the Belly , Cods , and Feet , Wind in the Sides , the yellow Jaundice spread over the whole Body , and tumor of the Sides and Belly , and by all these was much troubled . To whom coming , I appointed what followeth , March 12. 1633. ℞ Pul. Sen. Lax. Spec. Diaturb . cum Rhab. ā ℈ ii . Syr. Cichor . cum Rheo . ℥ i. Ser. Cerevis . q. s. f. Haust . It gave eight stools . The 13th , ℞ Pil. Stomach . Ruffi , sine quib , ā ℈ i. f. Pil. 5. which gave six stools . The 14th , a Vein was opened , and ℥ vii taken . The 15th , ℞ Polipody , Liquoris , each ℥ i. Roots of Succory ℥ ss . Brook-lime , Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Fumatory , Centaury , each M ss . Sena ℥ iii. Agarick slicedʒvi . Rubarbʒii . Cream of Tartarʒi . Flowers of Chamomel , Elder buds , each p. ii . Seeds of Fennel , Carrots , eachʒiss . Cinamon , Cloves , Corticis Winterani , eachʒi . Zedoaryʒss . Saffron ℈ ss . Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ iii. make an Infusion in eight pints of Water for twelve hours ; in the morning boil it till a third part be wasted . Dose , eight spoonfuls every day , which gave daily five Stools . The 18th , ℞ Pil. Aggregativ . Stomach . Ruffi , āʒss . Gum. Got. praep . gr . xiv . f. Pil. N. x. for two Doses , which gave five Stools , each . After meat he took this : ℞ Diambr . ʒii . Sacch . Ros. ℥ ii . Misc. Dose was half a spoonful . The Restorative was made as in the former Observation , as also that in Observ. 59. of this Century ; every third day purging . For quenching thirst , instead of Beer we used the following : ℞ the shavings of Sassafras , shaved Liquoris , ā ℥ ii . Fennel seedsʒii . C●rrants ℥ iss . put them all into a Pewter pot , and pour upon them three quarts of scalding Water , after stop it very well , and set it in a cold place , till it be cold . He used Diacrocum to ʒii , every morning for five mornings , and after Meat . ℞ Spec. Plerisarchon . ʒii . Sacch . ℥ i. Dose , half a spoonful . The 24th day he was purged with these Pills prescribed for the 18th day , which gave eight stools . After to sweat was this prepared : ℞ G●aiacum shaved lb i . Water nine pints , boil it to the half ; towards the end cast in Soldanella dried Mi. the inner Bark of Cinamon ℥ ii . Raisins unstoned ℥ ii . after they are boyled enough , pour them into a Glass Vessel , in which there are three pints of White-wine . Of which take ℥ ix in the morning , and vi in the evening , covering him well that he may sweat . His Diet was drying . Every third day he had the Clyster prescribed ( of Urine ) in the former Observation . And once a week the following Bole , ℞ Jalap . ℈ iss . Cream of Tartar ℈ i. Elect. of Tamarinds ℥ ss . make a Bole. It gave six Stools . By these the Tumor was altogether removed . But the third of April , by what Fate I know not , he fell into a Fever . He had two Fits , with shaking six hours long , three in heat . I purged him again with the foresaid Bole , which gave him five great watery Stools ; by which he was delivered from his Fever . Afterward he used the foresaid Antiscorbutic Beer for a month , and the following Pouder after Meat : ℞ Pul. Pannonic . rub . Spec. Diambr . Spec. Diamosch . dulc . āʒi . Ol. Anisi . gut . iij. Sacch . alb . ℥ iv . Misc. f. Pul. Dose , as much as would lie on a Six-pence . By these means in six weeks time he was perfectly cured . OBSERV . LXXIV . MR. Kimberley , aged about 26 , had laboured long of a general Lassitude , had a greater Appetite than Digestion , a filthy yellow Jaundice , Pain in the Loins , weakness of the Legs , a pricking Pain of the Head , especially near the Ears , a frequent change of the Urine , sometimes thick , and sometimes clear like Spring water ; sometimes great pain of the Legs , Tumor of the Gums , swelling of the Fingers , with pain , Hypochondriac Winds , with many other Signs of the Scurvy confirmed , with which was joined sweating and wandring Pains . He had used the natural Bath without success , and had had often purging and Sudorific Decoctions , and all fruitless , yet he was restored as followeth : May 1. ℞ Diatartar . ℥ ii . of which he took every day a small spoonful . Which gave four Stools . About three or four a clock in the morning , when his sweating usually began , and at four a clock in the afternoon , he took ℥ iv of the Juyces expressed out of the following Herbs , being mixed with Sugar , and ʒi of Cinamon . ℞ Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , each lb ss. Brook-lime ℥ iv . bruise them , and strain them , addingʒi of Cinamon , and sufficient Sugar . He also used this Antiscorbutic Beer : ℞ Bark of Ash , Tamaris , and Capers , each ℥ ii . Horse Radish sliced ℥ vi . Wormwood , Fumatory , Germander , Carduus benedictus , Celendine , each M ss . Betony , Scabious , Ceterach , Valerian , Nettles , each M i. Water-cresses , Brook-lime , each M ii . Scurvy-grass M iv . let the following be put also in a bag , and boiled in the Beer , as Juniper berries bruised ℥ vi . Cortic. Winteran . ℥ ss . Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . Sassafras ℥ ss . Liquoris ℥ i. Seeds of Anis , Carraway , and Coriander , each ℥ ss . Nutmegs two . After the Beer is boiled , hang the Bag in the Vessel . It is for four gallons of Beer . After it is barm'd , pour in of the Juyce of Pippins lb i . the Juyce of Scurvy-grass lb ii. White wine lb i . After a fit time use it for ordinary Drink . For his Tumors in the Fingers were used live-Worms , as Observ. 69. He was purged with these Pills : ℞ Pil. Hier. cum Agarick , Mastic . Stomac . Imperial . Ruffi , āʒss . Misc. fiat 5 Pil. exʒi . Which was the Dose taken , and gave five Stools . May the 13th , ℞ nine fresh Worms , and bruise them in a Mortar with two spoonfuls of White-wine ; after strain them , and put it into the rest of the pint of Wine . Of which he took three spoonfuls in the morning , noon , and evening . And every third day purged with the following : ℞ Pil. aggregat . ʒi . Stomac . ʒss . Gamboi . praep . gr . xiv . f. Pil. 10. Dose five , which gave so many Stools . When he began to be well , he drank the foresaid Beer , an hour after which he took some of the following : ℞ Elect. Chalyb . ℥ iv . Conserv . Cochlear . ℥ ii . Misc. Dose , the quantity of a Nutmeg . The Beer and Electuary were used for fifteen days . After meat the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following : ℞ Conserve of Scurvy-grass ℥ i. Bugloss ℥ ss . Spec. Plerisarchont . ʒii . Misc. Every fourth or sixt days he took the following to purge : ℞ Conserv . Violar . ℥ i. Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ʒiss . Turbith . Gum. Mechoac . albis . ā ℥ ss . Diagrid . cum Ol. Faenic . praep . ʒii . Sacch . in Aq. Faenicul . dissol . ℥ xiv . Ol. Cinam . gut . vi . Ol. Anis . gut . iv . f. Confect . in Morsul . Of which he took ʒvi , which gave eight Stools ; it is called Morsul . purgant . de Mechoac . He used his Beer for three months , in which time he was delivered from those cruel intense Pains , and they did not return again . For which he returned me many thanks , and called me his Father , because he said I had delivered him from the jaws of Death , and made him perfectly well . OBSERV . LXXV . Mrs. Editha Staughton , aged 16 , was miserably tormented with Ascarides night and day , whom I cured perfectly and speedily , as I cured Mrs. Bove ; for which see Observ. 66. of this Century . OBSERV . LXXVI . Mrs. Wilson , who for the recovery of her health , took a Journey to Bristol , for as she thought she was tormented with the Stone , for which she drank of St. Vincent's Well too greedily , to the quantity of eighteen pints a day , for the expelling of the Stone ; so that thereby cooling her Body too much , she fell into a Palsy . She presently got her self conveyed to the Bath , where being purged by Dr. Lapworth , and using the Bath , she was restored . Returning home in rainy and tempestuous weather , that night she was assaulted with the Mother , with fainting , and a light Palsy on the left side . To whom being called , by Divine assistance I helped as followeth : ℞ Aloes lucid . ʒii . Agaric . Troch . rec . Rhab. elect . āʒi . Cortic. P●ad . Cappar . Winteran . Tamarisc . ā ℈ i. Faeculae Brion . & Aron . ā ℈ ss . Castorʒiss . Crem . Tartar. ʒss . Spir. Succini gr . iv . cum Syr. de . Fumar. compos . q. s. f. Pil. N. 6. ex . ʒi . Of which she took three at a night when she went to bed , which gave her four Stools the next day . For the wind of her Stomach , ℞ Spec. Diamb. ʒi . Ol. Sal● . Chy. Nuc. Mosch . Caryoph . ā gut . iv . Sacch . in Aq. Ros. dissol . ℥ ii . f. Rotul . To be taken after meat . For the Palsy , ℞ Spir. Rorismar . Ol. Succin . ā part . aeq . With which her Neck was gently anointed . For fainting , ℞ Spec. Plerisarch . ℥ ss . Sacch . opt . ℥ ii . Misc. Dose half a spoonful . When she fainted , this delivered her both from her fainting , and trembling of her Heart , with which she had usually been troubled . It is a Pouder worth Gold , which I always carry about with me . She used also this Decoction : ℞ Guaiacum ℥ viii . Bark of the same , Rosemary , Sassaphras , Sarsaparilla , each ℥ i. Betony , Sage , Lavender , Germander , each p. i. Roots of Elicampana , Piony , Oris , Citron Pills dried , each ℥ i. Spring water lb vi. infuse them for twenty four hours in a hot place , after boyl them in a close Vessel ; after straining , sweeten it with Sugar , and aromatize it with Spec. Diambr . ʒss . She took ℥ vi of it in the morning , and sweat , and as much at four a clock in the afternoon , without sweating . She had Clysters framed of the common Decoction , and Carminative seeds , to which was added Holland pouder . She used also Cyprus Terbentine framed into Pills very often . And thus she was delivered from all these , and danger of Death . OBSERV . LXXVII . Mrs. Wagstaff of Warwick , ( Widow ) aged about 48 , was troubled with a continual vomiting , pain of the Stomach and Head , as if pricked or stabbed with Needles and Daggers ; also she had pain of her Loins , and numness of her Feet , whom I cured as followeth : ℞ our Emetic Infusionʒvi . It gave her three vomits , and three Stools . For the pain of the Stomach , ℞ new Conserve of Roses ℥ i. Spec. Aromat . Rosar . ℈ i. Theriac . Lond. ʒi . Misc. For two Doses . For the Back , ℞ Oil of Scorpionsʒii . Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ii . mix them . She had a quiet night , and well eased of her pains . The next morning was cast in the following Clyster : ℞ Althaea roots ℥ i. Pellitory of the Wall M ii . Melilot , Mallows , Chamomel flowers , each M i. Seeds of Line , Faenugreek , each ℥ ss . of Fennel seedʒii . boyl them in Water lb ii. in ℥ x of the straining was dissolved Cassia drawn for Clysters ℥ i. Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ii . Capons or Goose grease ℥ i. make a Clyster . For her Side , ℞ Vng. de Althaea ℥ ii . Ol. Amygd . dulc . ℥ ss . Misc. With which her Side was anointed , and upon it put a Linnen Cloth anointed with Butter warm'd . It was done twice a day . For the wind , ℞ Conserv . de Anthos , Bugloss , ā ℥ iss . Conserv . Caryoph . hort . ℥ i. Rad. Enul . Camp. condit . Zinzib . condit . ā ℥ ss . Spec. Aramat . Ros. ʒiss . Confect . Alkerm . ℥ ss . cum Syr. Regis , vel Pomis , f. Elect. Dose the quantity of a Nutmeg . After meat she took of the following Rotula's : ℞ Spec. Diamb. ʒss . Diamosc . dulc . ℈ i. Ol. Anisi . gut . iii. Sacch . in Aq. Buglos . dissol . q. s. f. Rot. She purged twice a week with Diatartar . For watching , ℞ Vng. Alabastr . vel Popul . ℥ ss . Laud. Paracel . dissol . in Aq. Ros. gr . x. with which her Temples was anointed : And so she was healed . OBSERV . LXXVIII . Mrs. Cooks , near 48 , of a thin body , was much troubled with pain of the Stomach , darkness of the Eyes , deafness and noise in the Ears , beating of the Heart , with several other Symptoms constant Companions of Flatus Hypochondriacus , arising from the ill Disposition and Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , whom I cured as followeth : First I purged the first ways with the following : ℞ Sarsapar . ℥ ii . Hermodact . ℥ iss . Guaiac . Liquor . ā ℥ i. Sen. ℥ ii . Polipod . Querc . ℥ ii . Epithem . ℥ ss . Enul . Camp. ʒvi . Agaric . Rhab. āʒii . Sem. Anis . Carui . Coriand . ā ℥ ss . Infuse them in a close shut Vessel in four pints of Water for twenty four hours ; after boyl them , keeping the Vessel close , lest the Vapor exhale . Take of this Decoction being strained lb ss. Syr. Magist. ad Melanchol . ℥ iv . Dose was from ℥ ii to iv . Being well purged , she took this : ℞ Elect. Chalyb . ℥ iss . de Tamarind . ℥ i. Misc. The quantity to be taken was ℥ ss . to be used with exercise . Twice a week was given of the following : ℞ Pil. Stomach . sine quib . āʒss . de Paeon . Chamaepit . ā ℈ i. f. Pil. N. 12. Of which three was given at the hour of sleep . After was taken the Electuary prescribed Observ. 72. Of Conserve of Scurvy grass , ℥ ii . &c. For deafness was used Carduus benedictus Water , twice distilled , and dropped into the Ear. By these she was perfectly cured . OBSERV . LXXIX . NUrse Degle of Bengwort , aged 29 , troubled with spitting of Blood from the Lungs , as also with the yellow Jaundice , was cured as followeth : ℞ Oxymel simpl . ℥ iv . Syr. Capil . Vener . ℥ ii . Misc. for two mornings . After she was thus purged : ℞ Rhab. Pul. ʒiss . Syr. Ros. Sol. ℥ i. Aq. Plantag . ℥ iv . Syr. Capil . ven . ℥ i. Misc. Being thus well purged , she had a Vein opened . After Astringents were used , as , ℞ Lapid . Haematit . subtilis . pul . & cum Aq. Plantag . lot . ʒi . ( which hath an admirable quality in stopping of Blood ) Coral . rub . Bol. Arm. ita praep . āʒiii . Ter. sigil . ʒiss . Pul. Diareos simp. ʒi . f. Pul. tenuis . Dose ʒiss in Barly water , in which was boiled Plantain and Knot-grass . It it is to be given in the morning fasting , and at the hour of sleep , to the quantity of ℥ ii of Aq. Spernol . Crol . and so for many days . Every second or third day she had a Clyster , as , ℞ Mallows , Althea , Beets , Mercury , each Mi. Prunes 5. Figs 12. Melon seed bruised ℥ i. the seeds of Anis and Fennel , eachʒi . French Barly , Rye bran , each p. i. boyl them in Whey to ℥ xii . in the straining dissolve Catholic . ℥ i. Cassia extracted for Clystersʒv . course Sugar ℥ ii . make a Clyster . And thus by God's help she became well . OBSERV . LXXX . Mrs. Editha Staughton , aged 17 , was miserably afflicted with Melancholy , her Courses as yet not having broken forth , as also with the Mother ; she was very easily angry with her nearest Friends , so that she continually cried out that her Parents would kill her , as also of all others that came unto her . She had been purged well by expert Physicians , yet her Father desired my counsel , whether she was curable ; to which I answered , Very hardly , being her Constitution was Melancholy . I advised there should be few to trouble her , and so began with emollient and discussive Clysters , as also such as respected the Humor : As ℞ of Chicken-broth ( wherein was boiled Sorrel , Pimpernel , Borage , Hyssop ) lb i . common Oil ℥ iiss . Salt of Tartarʒi . make a Clyster . This was used two days . After she was thus purged : ℞ of the foresaid Broth ℥ v. Cream of Tartar ℈ iv . Oil of Vitriol 5 drops , make a Potion . By this the Humor was rendred more obsequious . After was opened a Vein on the left Arm. She was the next day after purged again . After was applied the Leeches to the Hemorrhoids . Again she was purged with an Helleborated Apple , in which Apple was rosted ʒi of Hellebore ; afterward the Hellebore was cast away , and the Apple given . Being well purged , we laboured to divert the Humor from the Brain by Ligatures and strong Clysters , strengthning the principal parts with the following : ℞ Conserve of Roses vitriolated , Borage , Bugloss , each ℥ i. candied Citron Pills , Conserve of Clove Gilly-flowers , each ℥ ss . Spec. de Gem. Laetific . ā ℈ ii . Hyacinth . praep . ℈ i. Confect . Alk●rm . ʒi . Spec. Diamarg . frigid . āʒiss . with the syrup of Apples make an Electuary . The Dose was ʒi before meat . To discuss wind , that Pouder was used , prescribed Observ. 34. Cent. 1. As , ℞ Coriand . praep . ʒii . Sem. Faenic . &c. It was given after meat . There was also used the following Wines : ℞ the opening Roots , each ℥ i. Bark of Cappar rootsʒi . Sassafras ℥ iss . Wormwood , Ground-pine , each M i ss . Ceterach , Balm , Germander , each M i. Flowers of Borage , Bugloss , Scabious , each p. ii . Broom leaves p. i. seeds of Fennel ℥ i. of Carraway , and sem . Siler . Montan. of eachʒi . All these were beaten , and put into a Vessel , in which was put the shavings of Juniper , and there was poured upon them of White-wine lb xxx . And so being well stopped , they were set in a Cellar . After they were infused eight days , I took 9 lb of it , wherein I infused Rubarbʒvi . Sena ℥ ii . Mechoacan ℥ ss . Dodder and Cinamon , each ℥ ss . Clovesʒi . And so it was used instead of Purges . It was given every morning two hours before dinner , with taking some spoonfuls of Broth. After three days taking , she had that prescribed for comforting the Brain and Heart . In all Medicines we added Humectors . For her watching , I gave at bed-time a spoonful of Diacodium . This caused rest , and in it she sweat . There was Tartar often used by reason of its great force in contemporating Melancholy , and Atra bilis . And thus by the blessing of God she was delivered from her Distemper . OBSERV . LXXXI . MR. John Trap , ( Minister , for his piety and learning second to none ) about the 33 year of his age , of a melancholy temper , and by much Study fell into Hypochondriac Melancholy , and pain of the Spleen , with some Scorbutic Symptoms , viz. difficulty of breathing after gentle motion of the Body , beating of the Heart , with fainting at the rising of the Vapours , and became a little better when they were dispersed . He had a gentle Erratic Fever , so that he was much amaciated ; after he had done preaching on the Sabbath , he could scarce speak ; his Urine changed often , his Pulse was mutable and unequal , and he languished much . Some ordinary Medicines were used , but not succeeding , he desired my help and counsel , which was readily performed by me in prescribing the following , by which he was restored from the very jaws of Death , both safely , quickly , and pleasantly . March 11. 1635. ℞ Tartar. Vitriolat . ℈ iv . in pomo sub cineribus c●ct . With this he had two Stools , and his Urine came in greater quantity , but like clear Spring water . The 12th day , ℞ Merc. dulc . gr . xx . Tart. Vitr . ℈ i. Gut. Gamb . praep . gr . iii. Misc. This was given in the Pap of an Apple ; it gave him four Stools . The 14th day he took ʒi of Cream of Tartar , it gave one Stool . For his Cough and Catarrh , in the night he held in his Mouth one of our pectoral Rolls . The 15th he took of our Chalybiat Wine ; as ℞ Vin. Chalyb . ℥ iv . Syr. Sceletyrb . Forest. ℥ iii. Misc. The first day he took two spoonfuls , the second day four , exercising two hours after . For the strengthning of the Spleen , ℞ Raisins of the Sun lb i . boyl them in Sack to the consistence of a Pultess , pass it through a strainer , and mix therewith Conserve of Rosemary flowers , of Bugloss , each ℥ ss . Spec. Laetificant . Aromat . Rosar . Diamarg . calid . Diacinam . eachʒij . Lig. Aloes adoriti . ʒss . candied Citron Pills , Cinamon , eachʒi . Chalyb . praep . cum Sulphur . ℥ ss . Saffron ℈ i. mix them . The Dose was the quantity of a Filbert in the morning . The 19th , ℞ Syr. Magist. ad M●lanchol . ℥ ii . Aq. Buglos . ℥ ii . Tartar. subtilis . pul . Misc. It gave four stools . The next day he took the Chalybiat Wine . April the 2. he was purged as before , with which he was cheared for three days after he took the Wine . The seventh day he purged with Cream of Tartarʒi . Now he had our Antiscorbutic Beer ; and his Electuary being ended , he took six spoonfuls of the following Water : ℞ Aq. Limacum nostr . Aq. Ranar. simpl . ā ℥ iv . Confect . Alkermes ℈ ii . Manus Christ. perl . ℥ ss . Syr. Sceletyrb . Forest. ℥ ii . Aq. nost . Antiscorbutic . ℥ vi . Splenetic . ℥ ii . ( both Doncrelius ) Misc. This being ended , he desired his Electuary again , in which he said the greatest hope of his Cure lay , and was worth Gold. He having it , used it for eight days , purging every fourth day . But being much troubled with bitterness of his Mouth , I gave him ʒv of our Emetic Infusion , which removed it , and he returned to the use of his Electuary . And thus by God's blessing he was freed from all his Symptoms , and was well cured , for which he returned me hearty thanks . OBSERV . LXXXII . THe Earl of N●rthampton , aged about 32 , being following his Hounds in a cold and rainy day , got cold , and suddenly was miserably tormented with a flatuous Pleurify , and pain of the Belly , like to a true Pleurify . He had a small Cough , was restless , feverish , thirsty , and the Pain was stretching . I being p●tient when he came home , prescribed this Clyster : ℞ Decoct . com . pro Clyst . lb i , Diaphaenic . Diacatholic . ā ℥ i. Pul. Hol. ʒii . f. Clyst . This gave three stools with much wind , and desired event , for the Pain was mitigated ; yet in his Breast he felt a pricking , to remove which was this prescribed : ℞ Vng. de Alth. ℥ ii . Ol. Amygd . dulc . ℥ ss . dissol . & misce ad ign . pro Vng. With which his Breast and Side was anointed , and upon it a double linnen Cloth spread with Butter warm'd . By this the Pain remitted , and he had a quiet night , and fell to sleep . The day following he used this expectorating Syrup : ℞ Syr. Scabios . Magistral . Capil . Vener . Liquor . Hyssop . ā ℥ i. Misc. He took it often upon a Liquoris stick . In the night he held in his Mouth one of our Pectoral Rolls . In the morning he was anointed again , and so was freed from all his pain , and he became whole . Thus have I dispatched what I had of the Author ; and if I add any more to compleat the Century , I hope it will not be offensive . OBSERV . LXXXIII . IN a Quotidian and Bastard Tertian , after the Body hath been well evacuated , the following hath been often experimented by Thonerus : ℞ Carduus benedictus , and the lesser Centaury , each M ii . Sometimes add Roots of Assarabacca boyled in White-wine and Water to lb i . Of the straining exhibit ℥ iv hot for several mornings , especially if the Members be tumified . It is to be taken in Bed , sweating . I remember great Zacutus in Quotidians and other of long continuance , when other Remedies long used had proved fruitless , found most effectual ℥ iv of the Juyce of Fennel Roots , given in a morning with Sugar fasting , for ten days . It is to be given in bed , being well covered ; it most frequently provokes sweat abundantly ; in some it procures spitting of abundance of tough Phlegm ; in others it breaks wind both upwards and downwards . I cannot pass that of his in Febris Epiala , wherein cold and heat , if felt at one time , caused from pituitous gross Phlegm , and bitter Choler , which also is excellent in Bastard Tertians , which is this : ℞ Flowers of Chamomel ( I have experimented the Herb it self , yea in various effects , ) p. iii. tops of Roman or Pontick Wormwood p. ii . boyl them in three pints of Water till half be wasted ; to the straining , add Sugar ℥ iv . Vid. Author . Prax. Histor. pag. 592. & Prax. admirand . pag. 101. both in Folio . Thoner . p. 73. The Dose of the last , which I had almost forgot , is ℥ v or vi every day . One more of Thonerus in the same page for a Quotidian in his Wife : ℞ Carduus benedictus ℈ ii . Gentian root ℈ i. f. Pul. It was given in Wine before the Fit , and cured her ; it caused vomit . Hence it concludes , that Emeticks and Diaphoreticks are more needful th●n Purges in intermitting Fevers . OBSERV . LXXXIV . THe same Thonerus , pag. 76. and 79. of his Observations , gives us in two Cures of a Quartan . The first of a Captain , of melancholy nature , livid aspect , black beard , who having been molested with a Qu●●●n , and the Cure successlesly endeavoured by va●●ous means , and other Physicians , he cured with this : ℞ Polipody of the Oak new gathered ℥ ss . the roots of Succory , Fennel , Butchers-broom , and Sparagus , eachʒii . Wormwood , Centaury , Betony , Dodder , Agrimony , Ceterach , each p. ii . both Maiden-hairs p. i. Sena ℥ iss . Agaric . Troch . ʒiii . Rubarb , Turbith , Gum , āʒi . Crem . Tart. ʒiss . Seeds of Anis , Galangal , eachʒss . with white Sarcenet make a Bag , for three quarts of Wine , and Betony water , and of Succory , each lb ss. Within a few days the Fever remitted . The other was performed upon a certain noble Officer , who although otherwise he was of a robust nature , yet having long laboured of a Quartan , other means proving empty , it was removed by this : ℞ Gala. ℈ iv . Diagrid . praep . gr . vi . Crem . Tart. ℈ ss . f. Pul. It was given in ℥ iii of Hydromel . It brought away abundance of vitious Humors . Zacutus tells us , he cured a contumacious Quartan , with opening the Salvatella in the Foot , in Prax. Hist. pag. 596. Riverius gives several Observations of the Cure of this obstinate Disease . One of a Girl , aged 14 , in Novemb. 1630. who for two months laboured of a double Quartan , whom he cured by the infusion of ʒi of Sena in his Aq. Febrifuga for several days ; the fourth taking , cured . Another aged 30 , labouring of a Quartan , Decemb. in the same year , was cured by the same means , at the seventh taking . These are both in his first Century , pag. 32. His Aq. Febrifug . you surely have in his Prax. Med. chap. 4. lib. 17. We have him cu● almost all others with his Febrifug . which ●he gives you an obscure description of in pag. 319 of his Cent. In imitation whereof I framed a Pouder of three parts of Merc. dulc . and one of Croc. Metal . with which I have cured some . I will not say if the Merc. could be got here twelve times calcined , that I had got his Secret ; but I should think I had got that which would prevail . OBSERV . LXXXV . THe Author hath given in some Observations of Distillations on the Eyes , of none falling elsewhere , that I remember . Riverius in his third Century affords us an Observation on himself , which fell out Novemb. 17. 1644. The South Wind blowing , he was troubl●d with a Catarrh and hoarseness . The second day of the Disease he kept his Bed , and took nothing , only twice of an Hordeat at usual times of eating . The third day he took a laxative Ptisan with ℥ i of Manna . The fourth day he rested , his Hoarsness much diminished . The fifth day , a dry Cough being present , a Vein was opened . The sixth day the Cough persevering , he took Calomelanas ℈ i. cum Resina Jalap . gr . viij . It did little till towards evening , when it gave two small stools ; yet the Cough was altogether removed . I hope any that have heedfully read his Observations may observe , that his Calomel . is Merc. dulc . This I conjectured before the last Impression of his Praxeos Medic. And in that I think the Case is undisputably resolved , if he compare his Observation concerning Worms , and his Chapter about the same in his Praxeos ; only remember , it must be six times prepared . The same Distemper he cured himself of with twice taking Laud. Opiat . the first time gr . 3. the next time gr . ii Cent. 3. Observ. 69. Only this is observable in his communicated Observ. viz. That in most violent Catarrhs nothing stays sooner than this of Rulandus : ℞ Ferment . acriori● ℥ ii . Carab . pulver . ʒii . f. Catap. which is to be applied to the Suture , the hair being removed . Thonerus tells us , that one being obnoxious to a Chronic Catarrh , other things being fruitless , was cured with the following , drawn up into the Nose , and the Decoction of Sassafras for Drink . ℞ Fol. Nicotian . cum Ol. Anis . praep . ʒi . Flor. Majoran . ℈ i. Mosc . gr . i. f. Pul. OBSERV . LXXXVI . EMpyema , a Suppuration from a Pleurisy , hath not yet been mentioned , I might heap up Observations of its Cure , both by operation of the Side , and by internal means . I my self cured one that had made its own passage without injection , only keeping a Leaden Pipe , an attractive Emplaster upon it , and the Diet-drink prescribed by Riverius , in his Chap. of Empyema . And he gives us two Observ. both which was opened , and after cured , Observ. 79. Cent. 1. and Observ. 75. Cent. 2. To the latter , being a Child , for some days he applied an emollient and attracting Cataplasm before Incision . Zacutus helps us with with the like , Observ. 120. lib. 1. Prax. admirand . But for the cure of one without apertion , take Thoner . Observ. 6. lib. 3. which he performed by helping Nature to expectoration , although the Empyema was very grievous : ℞ Aq. Hyssop . V●ronic . prass . Card. bened . Scabios . Chaerefol . ā ℥ ii . Sacch . cand . alb . ʒvi . Of this surely he drank . ℞ Spec. Diair . Sem. ℈ iv . Diatrag. calid . ℈ ii . Extract . Rad. Enul . ℈ j. Ol. Anis . gut . iv . Sacch . dissol . in Aq. Scab . ℥ iv . f. Rotul . By these the noble Lord in a short time was cured . OBSERV . LXXXVII . ONe molested with Chronic straitness of the Breast , often returning from a crass Phlegm adhering as Glue , was eased with nothing so much as the following Pouder , a drachm of which was given with Wine or Broth , yea , this he fled to as his only help , if he felt any ill : ℞ Sena ℥ ii . Jalap poudered ℥ ss . Diagridium preparedʒiiiss . Crem . Tart. ʒiiss . Cinamon , Anis seeds , āʒi . Cloves , Ginger , āʒss . f. Pul. It is also most excellent in affects of the Head and Stomach from Phlegm . Thoner . OBSERV . LXXXVIII . A Flatuous Pleurisy you have mentioned in Observ. 83. of this Cent. but of a true Pleurisy there is no Observ. that I remember by the Author ; we shall supply therefore this defect from other Authors . Riverius in Observ. 56. Cent. 1. tells us , after many bleedings , and other ordinary Remedies , the fifth day the Fever continuing violent , as also the pain in the Side , was cured by ʒi of Frankinsence rosted in an Apple , and eaten , and after drinking Carduus benedictus water ℥ iv . Being well covered , he sweat a little , with decrease of the Fever ; the next day he sweat much twice or thrice , and he became well . This I made trial of on one John Fort , whom I let blood several times , and used both anointing and Linctures , yet all prevailed not ; only I repeated Thus de Pom. twice or thrice . Zacutus in one of his Observations helped us to an Ointment which I have found to answer expectation ; it is this : ℞ Unguent . de Alth. ℥ i. Ol. Amygd . dulc . ℥ ss . Misc. 'T is thus to be used ; after the pained Side is anointed with it hot , there must be strewed upon it some Pouder of the Flowers of Chamomel , upon this a Cabbage leaf anointed either with Butter or Hogs grease . Thonerus acquaints us , that he cured one by exhibiting ℥ ii of Oil of sweet Almonds , with Hen-broth hot ; by this he cast up abundance of Phlegm , and gave some stools : and this he often observed . Take one more of his , in which first he opened the Mediana of the same Side . To mitigate the pain , was used this : ℞ Ol. Amygd . dulc . ℥ ii . Sacch . cand . alb . ℈ i. Misc. By this the Pain was much remitted , and he had ten stools after . Twice or thrice a day he took ℥ iij of the following Decoction : ℞ the Flowers of red Poppies M i. Scabious water lb iss . Waters of Carduus and Corn-Poppy , each ℥ iii. boyl them gently with a little Sugar make a Julep . This prohibited the Flux , and qualified the Inflammation . To absterge , ℞ Waters of Hyssop and Carduus , each ℥ iss . of Scabious ℥ ii . of Coltsfoot and Chervil , each ℥ iss . White Sugar candyʒvi . Man. Christ. perlat . ʒii . Misc. In few days he became well , although the sick Man himself despaired of Life . OBSERV . LXXXIX . A Maid , aged 18 , was so vehemently molested with the beating of the Heart , that its motion was not only felt but seen , from a serous and vaporous matter environing the Pericardium , or Purse of the Heart , with a notable paleness of Face , and livid Lips , with which was conjoined the Green-sickness arising from a thick and tough pituitous humor mixed with Bile , as also the Obstructions of the Meseraick . To cleanse the whole Body , open the Obstructions , and to strengthen the Bowels serving to Concoction , the following was appointed : ℞ roots of Succory , Elicampana , Fennel , and Aven , eachʒii . Roman Wormwood , Carduus benedictus , Centaury , Germander , Dodder , Balm , both Maiden-hairs , each p. i. Sena ℥ i. Rubarbʒiii . Agarick new trochiscatedʒii . Mechoac . ʒiss . Cream of Tartar ℈ iv . Cinamonʒi . Galangal ℈ iss . Anis seedʒss . make a Bag for three quarts of Wine , and Waters of Succory and Carduus benedictus , each lb ss. Every other day she drank of it a pint . In the mean time this was exhibited : ℞ Rubarb ℈ iiss . Jalap , Cream of Tartar , each ℈ ss . make a Pouder . It was given in Broth with happy success . ℞ Spec. Diagaling . aromat . Caryophil . Diacinam . ā ℈ i. Dianis . ʒss . Man. Christ. perlat . ʒvi . Sacch . fini . ℥ iii. f. Trag. It is to be taken after meals upon a tosted Crust , besprinkled or dipped in Wine . ℞ Spec. Arom . Caryophil . ā ℈ iv . Diagal . ℈ ii . Diambr . ℈ i. Ol. Stil . Macis gut . iv . Sacch . in Aq. Melis . dissol . ℥ iv . f. Rotul . Sometimes she took five or six drops of the said Oil of Mace in Broth. For change , ℞ Cortic. Citri . condit . ℥ ss . Conserv . Melis . Borage , ā ℥ j. Dianth . ʒvi . Spec. Laetif . Gal. Diamb. Diamosc . dulc . ā ℈ i. Sem. Citri . Oss. Cord. Cer. ā ℈ ss . Myrob . Embl. condit . j. Fragm . Lap. precios . omnium praep . ā ℈ i. cum Syr. Cortic. Citr . f. Elect. For the Stomach , ℞ Ladan . Elect. ℥ ss . Gum. Taccamah . ʒij . f. Scut . Spread it upon Leather , and put upon it red Sarcenet , and apply it to the region of the Stomach . By these she was restored . OBSERV . XC . A Woman so troubled with the after-pains , from the impurity of the Womb , insomuch that she thought she should die , was eased by the following : ℞ Herbs of Mallow , Mercury , Betony , Balm , ā M ss . Flowers of Chamomel , Melilot , Dil , ā M ss . Seeds of Anis , Fennel , Carraway , āʒii . boil them in Water to the half ; in ℥ x of the straining dissolve Diacath . ℥ i. Hier. s. Gal. ʒiii . Oil of Chamomel , Dil , and sweet Almonds , ā ℥ i. Honey of Rosemary flowers ℥ i. the Yolk of an Egg , and a little Salt ; f. Clyst . The pain not ceasing with this , the following was cast in , ℞ Oils of Chamomel , Dil , and sweet Almonds , each ℥ ii . red Sugar , Rosemary flowers , and Hony , each ℥ i. two yolks of Eggs , and half a pint of Hen-broth , make a Clyster . This was repeated ; she highly commended the Physick and Physician . Those Clysters in torments of the Belly retained two or three hours , oftentimes so mollifie the Excrements , that it is wont to provoke to more stools than a purging Clyster . Thus Thonerus . I have often given ease to Women , by exhibiting a draught or two of Chamomel Posset-drink , with a Pouder framed of Nutmeg , Anisseed , and Cinamon . Zacutus highly commends his Pouder prescribed in Prax. Hist. lib. 3. chap. 20. That 's more cheap , and may be as effectual , prescribed by Riverius , ℞ of Comfry roots driedʒi . Peach Kernels , and Nutmeg , each ℈ ii . Amberʒss . Amber-grease ℈ ss . of all which make a Pouder . Dose ʒi in White-wine , unless a Fever be present , and then give it Broth. OBSERV . XCI . FOr the Green-Sickness Thonerus affords us this : A Maid having this Disease , with lack of her Courses , and Jaundice , from pituitous and bileous humors . First , ℞ Extract . Panchym . Crol . ℈ iss . Extract . Cochlear . ℈ i. cum Aq. Melis . f. Pil. 15. ℞ Rad. Cichor . Faenic . Enul . āʒii . Polipod . Querc . ʒiii . Herb. Melis . Absynth . Hyssop . Betonic . ā M ss . Card. ben . Centaur . Minor. Chamaedr . Cuscut . ā p. i. Fol. Sen. q. s. ℥ i. Agaric . rec . Troch . ʒiiss . Rhab. Jalap . āʒii . Crem . Tart. ʒii . Cinam . ʒi . Galang . ℈ ii . Passul . ℥ i. f. Sacch . pro mens . Vini . For the opening of the Obstructions , ℞ Chalyb . cum Sulph . praep . ℥ i. Faecul . Rad. Aron . ʒiss . Succ. alb . praep . Cinam . ā ℈ iv . Coral . rub . praep . ℈ ii . Marg. praep . ℈ i. f. Pul. It is to be divided into fourteen parts , and given in Wormwood-wine , and exercise an hour after . And thus she was cured . I my self have cured some by first giving them Vinum Rubel . ℥ i. afterward the following Pouder : ℞ Chalyb . praep . cum Sulph . ℥ i. Sem. Anis . ℥ ii . Nuc. Mosch . N i. Sacch . fini . ℥ iv . f. Pul. subtilis . Dose ʒii or ʒiii . every day for fourteen days . Riverius tells you , he cured one troubled with it joined with the Cholick , first by purging with a Potion purging Phlegm , a Vein being opened the day before , and also three days after , as I remember . After she took every morning Spirit of Tartarʒss . with the Decoction of common Wormwood . The second time given , the Cholick vanished , and in continuing it for ten days , she was perfectly cured . For drink she used White-wine , wherein prepared Steel had been infused , which she continued for some time after . She was grievously afflicted with Obstructions of Liver and Spleen , was thirsty , her Courses suppressed , tension of the Sides , and a very ill colour of the whole Body , her Cholick afflicted her twice or thrice a day . OBSERV . XCII . HEmorrhages of Nose , and some other parts , have been dispatched by the Author . We shall give in briefly some of the Womb , out of others , and such only as are after the Birth and Abortion . Riverius tells us of a Woman , after miscarrying suffering even to the greatest dejection of strength from an immoderate Flux of blood , whom he cured as followeth : He prescribed Frixions and Ligatures to the upper parts , Cups under the Paps , also Epythems and Pigeons , fomented her hands with hot Wine , and Confect . Alkerm . and the following Potion : ℞ the Water of Plantain , Orange flower water , and Roses , ā ℥ i. Syrup of Coral ℥ i. Sal. Prunellaeʒi . Dragons blood ℈ ss . make a Potion . Which being presently given , before the other Remedies were performed , yea , within a quarter of an hour , her pain of Belly and Loins was eased , and her Flux diminished , so that there needed no other Remedies . And Observ. 96. Cent. 1. Thonerus informs us , that he cured a Citizens Wife of Vlm , who in Child-bed was sore troubled with Hemorrhoids of her Womb , with fainting , to whom he gave the following : ℞ East Bezoar . gr . iv . prepared Pearl ℈ ss . with Borage water ℥ i. Her Symptoms vanished . ℞ Magist. Coral . gr . xii . It was given in Broth. For drink , ℞ Syrup . Granat . Coral . ā ℥ iss . in Aq. in q. Frustual . Auri. candesc . extinctum . He cured another with this : ℞ Coral . rub . praep . ℈ ii . Margar. ℈ ss . Bol. Arm. praep . ℈ i. f. Pul. It was given in Hen-broth . And to conclude , he tells us of a Maid suffering under the overflowing of her Courses ; when other things were fruitless , she was helped with Tincture of Coral , which he saith is so helpful , as that it may be noted as a white Stone . OBSERV . XCIII . THe Stoppage of Urine , and Strangury , i.e. pissing by little , as drop by drop , may be joined together ; the one being a total , the other a partial suppression of Urine ; the total may be either true or bastard . The latter befell one Goody Brown in Warwick , who could not make water at all , and yet no fulness on the region of the Bladder , nor desire to make water . After I had used all means to procure it , as Clysters , Ointments , Cataplasms , and Catheter , she died . I opened her , and found her Bladder quite empty , and in her Kidneys several Stones , one in each Kidney fallen into the mouths of the Ureters , or passages of the Urine , like two Stopples , so that no Urine could pass . Thonerus affords us an Observation of both Stranguria and Ischuria , with which one of 70 years being cruelly tormented , as if in labour in casting out the Urine by little and little , and yet fruitless , from the cold distemper of the Bladder , with redundancy of Phlegmatick Humors , who was cured as follows : ℞ Mallowes , Pellitory , Mercury , Betony , each M i. Chamomel , Melilot , Dil , each Mss. Seeds of Fennel , Anis , Carraway , eachʒii . Linseedʒiii . boyl them to the third part ; in ℥ x of the straining , dissolve lenitive Electuaryʒvi . Hier. Sym. Gal. ʒii . Bened. Lax. ʒiss . Ol. Cham. ℥ iss . Amygd . dulc . ℥ i. Terbentine dissolved in a little yolk of Eggs ℥ ss . Honey of Rosemary flowersʒvi . a little Salt ; make a Clyster . After was applied this : ℞ Herb of Mallows , Pellitory of the Wall , Chamomel , Melilot , Dil , each M i. Seeds of Anis , Fennel , Carraway , eachʒii . of Lineʒiii . make two Bags ; boyl them in Water , after express them , and apply for a fomentation . After anoint , ℞ Vng. de Alth. ʒii . Ol. Scorp . ʒiiss . Cham. Aneth . Lilior . alb . āʒiii . Misc. Oil of Ambe● rectified , six drops , in two or three spoonfuls of Parsly-water hot , or Broth of a Hen , did prevail much . He tells us in suppression of Urine , in a continual Fever , he used the following with admirable success : ℞ P●l●itory of the Wall M iv . boy● it to the consistence of a Cataplasm ; add Oil of white Lillies ℥ ii . of Scorpions ℥ i. make a Cataplasm . OBSER . XCIV . PAins in various persons are exceeding troublesom , and sometimes intolerable ; they come sometimes from outward Causes , as Sprains , Blows , or Falls ; in which case I have applied two Plasters with admirable success ; one was Emp●●●●rum C●●●●tum , vid. Mel. Chirurg . the other Melilot simple Others come from D●fluxions , and of these receive these Observations of Thonerus ▪ A Woman troubled with a grievous 〈◊〉 night and day of the right Arm , from the shoulder downwards , with a Tumor , so that she could not lift it up , in few days the Pain and Tumor was removed with this : ℞ Diacaleith . ℥ i. de Melilot ℥ ss . Misc. It was spread upon Linnen . A Maid cruelly tormented with pain of the right Arm also , was eased in one day with a Plaster of Taccamahacca spread upon Leather , as also many others , when from a cold cause . Another vex●● with a great pain of the Loins , from a Defiux●on , was thus cured : ℞ White-bread Crums infused in Milk , after ( if you will ) pass them through a Seive , add the Yolk of an Egg , and fresh Butter , with so much of the full 〈◊〉 Oils as was fitting : ℞ Oils of Chamomel , Dil , white Liliies , each ℥ ii . of Earth-worms ℥ iss . mix them . The Pultess being spread on Cloth , apply it hot . This gave present ease . A Widow being troubled with the like pain , being aged 70 years , was cured with this : ℞ Vng. de Alth. Anodin . āʒii . Pingued . Cunic . ʒiss . Ol. Scorp . ʒii . Misc. In pain of Feet and Arms he often used a Cataplasm of new Cows dung , with Oil of Roses , with good success . One having a grievous pain in her Thighs , as if moved with Convulsion , was cured with the following : ℞ Ol. Hirund . cum Castor . ℥ i. Aq. Therac . Cephalic . Spir. Lil. Conval . āʒii . Misc. It was used hot . Another Woman having a grievous pain of the whole right Arm , was cured with this : ℞ Oil of Earth-worms , Fat 's of a Man , Dog , and Badger , āʒii . mix them . It was used hot . Another with a long pain of the right Arm , was cured with a Plaster of Oxycroceum . Such Pains I have oft-times cured with either Emplastr . Crocatum , or else with Paracelsus , two parts , and one part of Oxycroceum , dissolved with a little Oil of Dil. OBSERV . XCV . THe French Pox hath been cured by Thonerus as followeth : A Woman infected therewith , with Scabs , and excrescence in Anus , having been before under a Chirurgeons hand , I cured thus : ℞ Elect. Diacath . Confect . Ham. ā ℥ ss . Pul. San. Lax. ℈ ii . f. Bol. by intervals . ℞ Mas. Pil. Hermod . aurear . Coch. ā ℈ i. cum Aq. Betonic . ℞ Mas. Pil. Aurear. Coch. de Fumar. ā ℈ i. diagrid . ●r . iii. cum Aq. Fumar. f. Pil. 27. ℞ Lign . Sanct. ℥ x. Cortic. ejus . ℥ i. Sarsap . ℥ iii. infund . in Aq. lb xii . decoq. ad ined . resident . alt . lb xii . decoq. ad 3 part . adde Passul . ℥ ii . Liquor . ʒii . for ordinary drink , Rive●ius tells us he hath cured many with a Sudorific and purging Decoction , taken for twenty days ; and if this prevailed not , he used Vng. Mercur. In the midst of Winter he 〈◊〉 many with the said Decoction alone , in which a Sudorific Diet could not be administred , by reason of the sharpness of the Air. He also gave in an Observation of a Child of thirty months old , which it received from the Nurse , the Body being scabbed all over . ℞ Rasur , Lign . Guaiac . ℥ ii . Aq. Font. lb ii. infund . per 24 〈◊〉 . deind . bull . ad 3 part . consump . Colat. Capiat . ℥ iii. Every day in the morning , two hours before meat , covering the Body a little more than usual , this was continued twenty days . ℞ Scammon pul . gr . vi . Merc. dulc . gr . v. f. Pul. tenuis . which was given with one or two spoonfuls of Panada sugared ; upon it drinking a little Broth. This was used every fifth day , and the Dose of both increased according to working . The residence of the foresaid Decoction being boiled in three pints of Water , made an ordinary Drink , adding Sugar and Liquoris to gratify the taste . These Remedies continued a month , it became well . In our Mellif . Chirurg . is set down a purging Drink that hath cured several in Warwick-shire . OBSERV . XCVI . STruma's , vulgarly called the Kings-Evil , have been cured as follows , by Zacutus , with the following , which he takes God to witness , never failed him : Take the great root of Briony well wash'd , and cut it in small pieces , boyl it in lb iii of Oil , till it be wasted ; to the straining , add Terbentine lb ss. Wax ℥ iv . and the Vessel removed from the Fire , make an Unguent . This he spread upon Cloth , and applied it twice a day ; if it be not ulcerated , it either mollifies and resolves them , or brings them to suppuration . Therefore this Ointment draws to it self by little and little the Humor turned into Sanies , cleanseth the Ulcer , mundifies , and incarns . If it do not bring away the roots , then put upon the Ung. a little Sublimate , like a Mustard-seed ▪ for this draws the Mucous to it self . If upon the application of this , there follow heat , burning , and inflammation , for some days content your self with applying the Ointment only ; if the heat and burning be very much , anoint the part with an Ointment framed of a whole Egg , Womens Milk , and Oil of Roses . And so by degrees , although in a long time , they may be happily cured . I have resolved great ones my self with Empl. Crocatum , sometimes exhibitin● ▪ Pils . Riverius cured one in a Maid's Neck , after the fruitless use of many Medicines , with a Plaster framed of equal parts of Empl. de Vigo . quadruplic . Merc. Vitriol . Roman . & Gum. Ammoniac . in Aceto soluti & ruspissau , cum Terbin . s. q. which cured in a month . In the mean time there was used a fit Diet , and sometimes convenient Evacuations . OBSERV . XCVII . REtention of the After-birth is very sad , and usually brings with it Death , as I have oft observed , although sometimes it hath been excluded some time after , as appears in Riverius , and others , Zacutus professeth he hath delivered many in this Agony by exhibiting ʒiss of the following Pouder in Wine with Sugar : ℞ Carab , tenuis . pul . ʒi . Castor . ʒss . Dictam . Puleg . āʒi . Cinam . ʒi . Borag . ℈ iss . Spicae . Nard . ℈ i. Myrrh . ℈ iss . Rub. Tinctor . ℈ i. Croc. gr . vi . f. Pul. subtilis . Thonerus helped one with this : ℞ Troch . de Mirrh . ℈ i. Succin . alb . praep . ℈ iss . Borag . gr . vii . f. Pul. It was given in the Waters of Mugwort ℥ iss . and of white-Lillies ℥ ss . The After-birth was cast out within an hour after . H●rstius acquaints us that this happens very often through the unskilfulness of the Midwife , but always with great danger of the Mother ; yet saith he , by the grace of God I have seen some delivered by the use of that Pouder , which Forestus commendeth , framed of the Troches of Myrrh , Seeds of Violets , Rad. Dictamn . & Rasur . Dactilorum . Although he saw three or more , which after fell into the suffocation of the Womb , and swooning , and within few hours died miserably . That nearest to this of Forestus's prescription , is this : ℞ Rad. Dictamn . alb . ℈ iss . Sem. Violar . Cinam . Elect. ā ℈ ss . Rasur . Dactylorum gr . iii. f. Pul. He exhibited in Wine , and proved effectual . May be Horstius substituted Troch . de Myrrh . instead of the Cinamon , and so made it more effectual . OBSERV . XCVIII . I Shall conclude this Century with Tumors in various parts , being Observations of several Persons . Riverius tells us , that a Womans Breast being inflamed , by reason of a Blow there received , and therein also was Milk that could not be sucked out , he cured it , by the first day embrocating it with two parts ex Ol. Ros. comp . and one part Omphacina . The second day , and the following he continued the said Embrocation only to the pained part , and twice a day applied to the whole Breast Vng. de Althea . And so without any other Remedy , in a few days she was cured . OBSERV . XCIX . THonerus cured a Merchant's Wife , who had very great Pain and Tumor on her right Breast from a Flux of hot Humor thus : ℞ Mallows , and Violet leaves , each M i. Chamomel M ss . boyl them , and pass them ; after add a pound of White-bread crumbs , Oil of Roses ℥ ii . Oil of Chamomel , and fresh Butter , each ℥ iss . two Yolks of Eggs , and so make a Pultess . You had best boil the Herbs and Bread in Milk. This eased the Pain , and removed the Inflammation ; and apostumating , it was opened , to which was used this : ℞ Venice Terbentine ℥ i. Honey of Roses ℥ ss . Flower of Wheat and Barly , eachʒiss . put it in with Tents . There remaining some hardness about the Paps , the following being applied , resolved it : ℞ Empl. Diach . Mag. de Melilot . ā ℥ ss . Misc. He cured another Merchant's Wife of a Scirrhus on the right Breast , so that it was suspected to be a Canker , when other things proved fruitless , with this : ℞ Empl. Diach . Mag. de Melilot . Ceronium , ā ℥ i. Gum , Ammoniac . in Acet . dissol . ℥ ss . Misc. He saith , he also cured one that had a hard tumor about the region of the Throat , as followeth : ℞ Empl. Diach . cum Gum. ℥ ss . de Melilot . ʒii . Misc. This gave no ease , but the following within a few days resolved it : ℞ Empl. Diacch . cum Gum. ℥ ss . Ceroneiʒii . Misc. The same did prevail in a hard tumor of the Scrotum . OBSERV . C. ONe having a hard tumor on the right Knee , and having used several Plasters and Ointments without success , his Knee being contracted , so that he could neither extend it , nor could not go : I applied this : ℞ the Flower of Beans and Barly , each ℥ ii . Bran well beaten M i. Goats dung beaten ℥ iv . Chamomel and Melilot , each M ss . with Lixivium and Sapa , make a Cataplasm , to which add Oil of Chamomel , and Dil , each ℥ i. And with this in a few days the Tumor was resolved . The same Cataplasm Zacutus experienced , and highly comends it in his Med. princip . Histor. in folio , pag. 571. Col. 2. For Warts adhering to the Lip , and other parts , Thonerus experimented this : ℞ Vng. Alb. Camphor . ʒii . Ol. Tartar. ʒi . vel ℈ iv . Misc. For watery Tumors in the Scrotum , he followed this Course : First he anointed with Oil of Chamomel , afterward applied the following : ℞ Empl. de Bacc. Laur , cum Sterc , capr . ℥ ii . de Melilot . ʒvi . M. For Drink was used the Seeds of Anis . Fennel , Carraway , and ●oots of Parsly boiled : this provoked much Urine . Riverius cured an Infant thus : ℞ Farin . Hord. lb ss. decoquatur cum Vin. gener●s . ad Pultis consistentiam , d●inde adde Oxymel simpl . ʒi●i ▪ f. Catap. It was applied morning and night● An Hundred Select COUNSELS FOR Several Honourable Persons , and others , by very Eminent Physicians : And all upon English Bodies . COUNSEL I. Hoarseness . THE Right Honourable , Francis Lord Brook , had the following Advice from Dr. Barksdale , for his Hoarsness , which proved very effectual : Take Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Vinegar of Squils ʒii . Myrrh so prepared , purified Galbanum , Quick Sulphur , each ʒi . Wood lice prepared , Faecula of Aron roots , Oris , each ʒi . Saffron gr . v. Balsam of Peru , and Tar , each a like , sufficient to make a Mass of Pills . Of which take ℈ ii made into six Pills ; which quantity was taken first in the morning , again at four a clock in the afternoon , and last at night , after which every time was drunk ℥ ii of the following Water : ℞ Marsh-mallow roots , of Briony , Oris , each ℥ ii . Liquoris shaved ℥ iss . Leaves of Horehound , Arsmart , Ground-Ivy , each M ii . Cinamon ℥ i. Saffron ʒii . beat them altogether , and infuse them in a quart of Milk , and two ounces of Honey for ten hours , and distil it in a Glass Still . The same Course hath cured others . COUNS. II. Kings-Evil . FOr his Honour for Scrofula's Tumors , and Catarrh , by Dr. Prujean , Dr. Bates , and Doctor Barksdale , ℞ Roots of Sarsaparilla lb ss. white Sanders shaved ℥ iii. boyl them in three gallons of Ale , till one be wasted , after add of Ale two gallons , tun them up together , and in the Vessel hang a Bag with the following Ingredients : ℞ Succory roots ℥ iv . Sopewort roots ℥ iii. Florentine Oris ℥ i. Raisins of the Sun stoned lb i . both sorts of Liquoris , each ʒvi . Seeds of Ashen-keys , and Mustard , each ℥ i. Anis seeds ℥ ss . bruise them all grosly , and put them into a Canvas bag , as also some small pieces of Steel , weighing two ounces . After it is fit to tap , take it three times a day , as before , fasting an hour or two after . COUNS. III. Catarrh . FOr his Honour for a Catarrh , by Dr. Prujean : ℞ Syrup of dried Roses , Jujubs , Violets , and Diacodium , eachʒii . Venice Treacleʒi . mix them . Of which take a spoonful every night at the hour of sleep . ℞ Liquoris pouder , and of Aniseeds , each ℥ j. finest Sugar dissolved in Mucilage of Gum Dragon , drawn with Rose-water sufficient quantity , adding Confection of Alkermesʒii . Make them into Rolls , of which hold oft under the Tongue . After which was prescribed a Lime-water to drink , which you have in the Marrow of Physick , the last Edition , pag. 178. COUNS. IV. Kings-Evil . BY the foresaid Doctors , and Doctor Boles , was prescribed for the Evil what follows : For his Honour , first was prescribed the foresaid Lime-drink , and for his Catarrh , ℞ Syrup of dried Roses ℥ iij. of red Poppies ℥ ii . of Mirtles , Maiden-hair , and Betony , each ℥ i. Oil of Sulphur twelve drops ; Mix them , and take a spoonful at the hour of Sleep . ℞ Aromat . Ros , Dia●rag . frigid . ā ʒi . Diair . ʒii . Sacch . puris . ℥ iiiss . solut . in Aq. Ros. f. Tabul . Take of them at any time , also before and after Meals . ℞ Pouder of Sarsaparilla ℥ ii . of China ℥ ss . finest Wheat-flower lb iss . Sugar-candy , o● other ℥ ii or iij. Make Biscots like Naples , with Seeds of Carraway and Coriander for ordinary Bread. Take Spirit of Saffron seven drops in Sugar at pleasure . Chew Mastick for half an hour twice a day . ℞ Miastic . ʒiii . Coriander seedʒii . boyl them in a pint and half of Water for a quarter of an hour ; towards the end add Conserve of Roses ℥ iss . after strain it . Of which was taken three or four spoonfuls at pleasure . An Issue was made on the Coronal Suture . If his Honour find benefit by sucking , let him continue it ; otherwise let him fall to his Lime-water . If he refuse a Plaster to his Head , let him have an Aromatic Cap. Also pouder his Head with the following : ℞ Amber ℥ i. Oris ℥ ss . Mastick , red Roses , eachʒii . Marjoram , Rosemary , Sage , Nutmegs , Cinamon , 〈◊〉 Seeds of Nigilla , each ℥ i. make a Pouder . Of this also may be framed the Cap. Sugar of Rose , or Pearl-Sugar , may be eaten at pleasure , as also before and after sucking . If he will permit , open an Issue on the inner part of the Arm , or near the first Vertebra of the Back . ℞ Leaves and Flowers of St. Johns-wort M vi . Coltsfoot M iv . Mastick wood ℥ iii. boyl them in six gallons of thin Ale ; when tu●n'd up , hang in it lb iss of Sugar of ●oses , for another ordinary drink . COUNS. V. For the same . FOr his Honour by Dr. Barksdale , being to go up to London with him from Warwick Cast●e● To his Head was applied the next : ℞ the Cephalic or Head-Plaster ℥ iss . Taccamahac . ℥ i. Oil of Nutmegs distilled , 40 drops . He also took Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem , with distilled Milk , with pectoral Herbs , and Lozenges framed of Sugar and Cordial Water . When got up to London , by a Consult of Physicians , and Dr. Barksdale , was the following prescribed : ℞ Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem ℥ iiij . Cream of Tartar ℥ iii. Species of Diatragacanth cold ʒii . White Sugar ℥ iii. Mucilage of Quince seed , drawn with Rose-water , sufficient to make Tablets ; to be kept in the Mouth at pleasure . ℞ leaves of Coltsfoot , spotted Lungwort , Ground-Ivy , each M iv . of the greater cold seeds , each ℥ i , Sow-lice bruised ℥ vi . Of all which a Bag was prepared for Drink , to drink constantly . ℞ Ointment of Tobacco ℥ iii. Balsam of P●ru ʒi . mix them ; To anoint the Breast morning and night . ℞ Tabul . Diatrag. frigid . for use . Take fresh Briony roots ℥ ii . Oris ℥ iv . Angelico ℥ ii . of Valerian root ℥ ii . Liquoris ℥ iii. Dragon root ℥ iv . Nettle seeds ℥ iv . Seeds of Anis , and sweet Fennel , each ℥ i. of Gil. Run-byground , spotted Lung●ort , with the roots , also Coltsfoot with its roots , each M iv . Ci●●mon ℥ ss . Saffron ●ii . Honey lb i . Let them be cut small , and dis●illed with three quarts of Milk in a Glass Body . Take Syrup of Jujubes , of Liquoris , each ℥ ii . mix them for use . Take Flower of Benjamin gr . iv . Ambergrease gr . iij. Juyce of Liquoris ʒss . Make five Pills , and guild them . Take leaves of Coltsfoot , spotted Lungwort , each M iv . Ground-Ivy , Speedwel , each Miijss . Scabious M vi . Marsh-mallowes , and Mullen , each M ii . Nettle seeds ℥ ss . Anis seeds ℈ i. Liquoris ℥ i. All being rightly prepared , boil them with Raisins stoned ℥ iv . and Dates sliced ℥ ii . in sufficient quantity of Fountain water , strain them in a Press ; to lb vi of the Liquor clarified , add Sugar-candy ℥ x. boyl them to a Syrup in Bal. Mar. The Dose to take is a spoonful at fit seasons . In all his Broths or rear Eggs take prepared Pearl from ʒi to ʒiss . COUNS. VI. Catarrh . FOr his Honour , and his Brother Algernoon , for a Catarrh , by 〈◊〉 Prujean . Take the best Sarsaparilla ℥ iv . Sassafras ℥ ii . Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , white and red Sanders , each ℥ iss . Leaves of Sage , Marjoram , Rosemary , each M iss . Flowers of Sage , Betony , Rosemary , Lillies of the Valley , each M i. Dates xx . Liquorisʒx . Juniper berries ℥ i , boyl them all in Water lb x . to viij . a due Infusion premised for 24 hours . Towards the end of the Decoction , add best refined Sugar ℥ viii . Drink it at meals , and at other times , as ordinary Drink ; being strained , take every morning of it hot lb ss. and endeavour to sweat . Also every other night take Pil. Macri to half a dram . COUNS. VII . Scurvy . 〈…〉 Honourable , the Lady Katharine 〈…〉 , ●owager , by Dr. Bates , for the Scurvy . 〈…〉 Cyprus ●erbentine ℈ ii . Rubarb poudered 〈◊〉 Castor ●r . ij . Oil of Nutmegs a drop , and make 〈◊〉 Pills ; which were taken in the morning 〈◊〉 very easy to work on , as is the whole 〈◊〉 . Diet-drink , Take leaves of Sea Scurvyrgras lb ii. Garden Scurvy-grass lb j . Brook-lime 〈…〉 them into a Pulp , add Orange Peels ℥ ii . Barberry 〈…〉 . Roots of Dragons ℥ iii. Currants cut lb i● 〈…〉 in a Bag for four gallons of small Al● . 〈…〉 is clear , drink it for ordinary 〈…〉 or fourteen days . Take Garden Cresses M iv . Water-cresses , Brook lime , each M vi . Sea Scurvy-grass M x. Pine leaves M vi . beat all to a ●●p , and strain out the Juyce ; to every pint put in three ounces of the finest Sugar ; set them upon hot Embe●s ( but not to seeth ) two hours ; then pour off the clear Juyce . Of this drink six spoonfuls 〈◊〉 , in a draught of the Diet-drink ; if sh● sup , take the like quantity an hour before supper . Take Brook lime finely shred M xij . lap it up in some Wheaten Dough like an Apple-Pasty , which bake ; after break the Pasty , herbs and all , into pieces , put it into a Bag , with four Oranges sliced , Raisins of the Sun only cut lb ss. hang them in six gallons of Wort for ordinary Drink . After six days begin to drink of it . Take leaves of Carduus , Roman Wormwood , Scurvy-grass , Dodder , Speedwel , Liver-wort , Harts-tongue , Agrimony , each M i. Roots of Oak-Fearn , Horse-radish , Elicampane , all sliced , each ℥ i. Limons cut xij . Nutmegs , Mace , each ʒiii . boil them in Spring water to lb iii . strain it , and take of it four spoonfuls , with compound Syrup of Scurvy-grass two spoonfuls . ℞ Juyce of Scurvy-grass Juyce of Brook-lime and Water-cresses , each lb ss. Juyce of Oranges ℥ iv . White Sugar sufficient to make the Syrup . Or , Take of both Scurvy-grass lb xii . Water-cresses lb ij. Briony roots cut lb iv . Horse-radish root lb ij. Oranges cut lb ss. Nutmegs ℥ iij. Limons cut xij . Grains of Paradise ℥ i. Shred those to be shred , and beat those to be beaten , and infuse them in sufficient quantity of White-wine ; stop the Pot well up , and after two days distil them . Which may be used instead of the Juyces . COUNS. VIII . Cold. FOr a Cold , by the said Doctor , for the same Lady : Take Laudanum gr . ii . old Conserve of red Roses ℥ i. Diacodiumʒvi . Syrup of Jujubs ℥ ss . mix them . Of this her Honour did take by licking a third part at the hour of sleep for three nights . Take leaves of Coltsfoot , Maiden-hair , each M iiss . spotted Lung-wort M iss . Hyssop Mi. Roots of Marsh-mallows ℥ i. Jujubs , Raisins stoned , each ℥ iii. boyl them in lb iv of Barley-water till a third part be wasted ; after strain it , to which Liquor add Sugar-candy ℥ ii . Clarify it exactly , and of it take ℥ iv at the three Medicinal hours , also other times if there be need . Take Ointment of Orange-flower , with it anoint brown Paper , and apply it to the Breast twice a day . COUNS. IX . Mother-Fits . FOr Hysteric Fits , for the said Lady , by the same Doctor , ℞ Philon Roman . ℈ ii . Aq. Brion . compos . ℥ iss . Syr. dè Nuc. Mosch . ℥ ss . Misc. She took it at the hour of sleep . ℞ Mastick Pillsʒss . Oil of Nutmegs 3 drops ; make three Pills , to take after the first sleep , one , two , three , or four hours after midnight , sleeping after them . In the morning she took Mannaʒvi . dissolved in Broth , with ʒi of Cream of Tartar. At the hour of sleep that night she took Diascordiumʒss . Diacodium ℥ ss . in Mint water ℥ i. ℞ Pil. Aloephang . ʒii . Sal Absinth . ℈ i. Ol. Anis . gut . ij . Misc. f. Pil. N o 15. She took three at the hour of sleep . Her Honour 's usual Purge was , ℞ the best Rubarb slicedʒi . infused in Snail water for three quarters of an hour ; after strain it , and take it . This she did three days in seven for a month together . COUNS. X. Hurt in the Eye . THe Honourable , Mr. Robert Grevil , being hurt in the Eye with a Foil , the following was prescribed by Dr. Bates : Take of the Waters of Fennel and Eye-bright , each ℥ iss . white Rose water ℥ i. prepared Tuttyʒii . Camphire gr . ii . mix them . Drop two or three drops into the Eye thrice a day warm . COUNS. XI . Hurt in the Eye . THe Honourable , Mr. Algernoon Grevil , being hurt with a Foil in the Eye , was cured by Dr. Bates's direction , which was as followeth : The Foil being run into his left Eye , it presently swell'd , and he bled at the Nose , and was troubled all the afternoon with vomiting . There was immediatly applied to it a Plaster of Conserve of Roses . At night Dr. Bates being sent for , he prescribed what follows : He took a Clyster of a pint of new Milk , and six spoonfuls of Sugar . As soon as it had done working , he bled ℥ viij from the Cephalic on the same side . After was applied this : Take green Wormwood M ss . Carduus M iss . red Roses Mij . boyl them in Milk and Water to a Pultess , being taken from the Fire , there was added the Yolks and Whites of three Eggs well beaten , and after all well mixed . It was to be applied warm every seventh hour . But these not being to be had , was appointed Chamomel , Violet leaves , and Smallage , each M i. The next morning he took Manna ℥ ii . Syrup of Roses three spoonfuls , in a pint of Whey , several times , till all was drunk up . That morning was appointed two Leeches to be applied behind the Ear , and as many to the Temples , to prevent the growing Film . And then was applied this Pultess : Take leaves of Hyssop , beat them in a Mortar , like a Conserve , after put to it a little warm Water , and a little washed Butter , and a little prepared Tutty , and so applied to the Eye affected . To the Eye-brow was applied Empl. ad Hern. spread upon Taffaty Ribbon , about an inch broad , and two or three inches long . After this the Eye mended , but seemed lesser than the other , and he had about it somewhat an obtuse pain , whereupon for fear that some bruised blood might remain , he had four Leeches applied to the Temple-Veins on the same side ; and the next Pultess was applied at night for a week together : Take Flowers of Broom , Elder , eachʒiii . of St. Johns-wort ℥ ss . the seeds of the lastʒvi . leaves of Sage M i. Rosemary p. iii. make a fine Pouder , and mix it with the Meal of Lupins and Beans , each ℥ iii. red Wine , sufficient quantity ; boyl them to the consistence of a Pultess , and add Oil of St. Johns-wort ℥ ii . For his ordinary Drink was appointed the next : Take the shavings of Rosemary wood , and white Sanders , each ℥ vi . China grosly poudered ℥ iiss . Guaiacum so prepared ℥ iv . Raisins of the Sun stoned lb iss . leaves of Sage M. iii. Rosemary and Betony , each p. vi . make a Bag for five or six gallons of Beer ; add to the foresaid , Hyssop Miii . Figs lb i . Liquoris bruised ℥ iv . after it is ready , drink of it . Purge with these usual Pills : ℞ Pil. Macr. Aloephang . Imperial . Alo. Ros. āʒi . Ol. Nuc. Mosch . Rorism . Succin . ā gut . ij . vel iij. Misc. f. Pil. Cephalic . formerly prescribed by Dr. Prujean . He gargariz'd and wash'd his Mouth oft with red Wine , Allum , and Syrup of Raspis-berry . After the use of the Diet-drink two or three months , he concluded with these Pills : ℞ Pil. Rud. ʒss . Macr. ʒiss . Jalap . pul . ℈ ii . Ol. Major . ℈ ss . Syr. de Staechad . q. s. f. Pil. 6. ex . ʒi . He took one at night in Bed , and two betimes in the morning ; in the first draught he drunk ʒi of Cream of Tartar. These he took every day , and so increased , unless they gave him five stools . Take Sena ℥ iv . Guaiacum poudered , Dodder , each ℥ ii . Roots of Mechoacan , Turbith , Roots of sharp Dock and Mullen , each ℥ iiii . Leaves of Betony M vi . Sage and Rosemary , each M iss . Nutmegsʒiii , ʒiii . Raisins of the Sun stoned lb iss . make a Bag for four gallons of thin Beer . This he drank , when ready , a pint at bed-time , and in the morning , for six or eight days . With these he was cured . COUNS. XII . Tumor in the Throat . FOr the same honourable Person was prescribed by Dr. Bates and Dr. Prujean , for a Tumor in his Throat , what follows : ℞ Pil. Macr. & Succin . āʒi . Ol. Sassafr . gut . iv . Misc. f. Pil. 12. He took two betimes in the morning , sleeping after them . This he did twice a week . Take Amber grosly poudered ℥ ss . Dragons bloodʒss . mix them for a Fume ; which he drew into his Mouth half an hour , which was oft repeated . To the said Pouder was added Clovesʒiss . and so strewed upon his Head at bed-time daily . To the Tumor was applied this : Take the Pouder of Oris ℥ i. Saffron ℈ i. Honey sufficient to make into a Plaster . Which was applied warm upon Leather outwardly to the Throat , and repeated once a day . Take Jews-ears ℥ iii. Flowers of Chamomel and Elder , each M i. Liquoris shaved and bruised ℥ ss . Figs sliced 6. boyl them in Carduus water lb iss . to lb i . to the strained Liquor add Honey of Roses ℥ iss . mix them . It was cast into the Throat and Jaws with a Syringe , a little of it warm , thrice or four times a day , every three or four hours , or as oft as there was need . COUNS. XIII . Vvula fallen . FOr the same person , for the falling of the Vvula , was prescribed by another Doctor what follows : Take Taccamahac , Burgundy Pitch , each sufficient . Which being spread upon Leather , was applied to the Vertebra's of the Neck . He also received a Fume of Amber into his Mouth . Take Gals pouderedʒi . Pepper , Salt , and Amber , each ℈ i mix them , and make a Pouder ; which was applied with an Vvula spoon thrice a day . COUNS. XIV . Inflammation of the Tonsils . AT another time , for the Inflammation of the Tonsils , for the same honourable Person , by Dr. Bates , was ordered what follows : ℞ Extract . Rud. gr . vi . Pil. Macr. ʒss . Misc. f. Pil. N. 4. inaurent . They were given at bed-time , and so repeated thrice . Take Roses , red Poppies , Rind and Flowers of Pomgranats , Plantain , each a small handful . Quince-seedsʒi . boyl them in Plantain water , till half be wasted ; in the straining dissolve Syrup of Mulberries ℥ iss . add Spirit of Vitriol to give it a grateful taste , for a Gargarism . Once in eight or ten days , the Weather not being very cold and sharp , he took a Dose of the foresaid Pills , and was to take them out of that order , if he found any painfulness in the Stomach or Head , or any beginning of swelling in the Throat . Two or three days after his Pills , he snuft up some of the neezing Pouder into each Nostril : ℞ Sage , Betony , each ℈ i. Root of white Hellebore ℈ iss . Rosemary flowers p. ii . Musk gr . iv . make a Pouder to sneeze with ; as at night a little before bed-time , and in the morning early , as also at any time whatsoever he findeth Rheum more than ordinary , on the beginning of his Throat swelling . After every meal take some of the Peptic Pouder that follows : Take Anis seedsʒiii . Cardamons ℥ ss . Coriander seeds ℈ iv . Mintsʒii . Orange Peels ℥ i. Sugar-candy ℥ iii. Biscot bread ℥ vi . make a gross Pouder . Dose ʒiij an hour after meals . He is to keep his Head and Feet warm and dry . Flee Cold , especially in cold seasons . For supper eat a rear Egg , or some such Nourishment , and constantly after it eat a Ship Biscot , with as little drink as he can . At dinner eat Meat that pleaseth ; for Break-fast , a Mess of Panado , Water-gruel , Bread with Butter or the like , and if he can be persuaded , a Biscot after that . At the beginning of his swelling at any time , that night take his Pills ; and after once , twice , or oftner taking of them , use the neezing Pouder , and Gargarism oft . At the same time also use this Cataplasm : Take Flower of Brimstone , and white Dogs-turd , each equal parts . Hony sufficient to make it stiff ; and apply it on Leather to the Throat ; ( this with the former Cataplasm I have found very effectual many times ) . If there be any matter , which hardly will be , the former being duely used , then use the next Gargarism : Take shavings of Guaiacum ℥ iii. Leaves of Cyprus M i. red Roses M ss . Raisins of the Sun bruised M. i. boyl them in lb iv of Water wherein Steel hath been quenched , till half be wasted ; add to the straining , Honey of Roses ℥ iss . the Juyce of acid Pine , a spoonful and half . It is to be almost constantly held in his Mouth . ℞ common Flag roots , the quantity of four or five Fingers ; Fenugreek seed , four spoonfuls . Figs sliced 10. boyl them in three pints of Water , till a pint be wasted ; to the straining add Honey of Roses 4 spoonfuls , Mustard 2 spoonfuls : mix them for use . This Fume was also used : Take red Roses , Sage , Betony , Rosemary flowers , each M i. Gum , Juniper , Olibanum , eachʒss . Storax , Benjamin , eachʒii . mix them , and make a gross Pouder . For his Cold this was used : ℞ Syr. Erysim . Lobel . ʒiv . Syr. de Meconioʒii . Aq. Imperialis coch . ii . Sacch . cand ℥ i. Misc. Of this he licked betimes in the morning , and an hour before Sleep two spoonfuls , which proved excellent . COUNS. XV. Cold and Hoarseness . AT another time , for his Cold and Hoarsness , by Dr. Barksdale , ℞ roots of Marsh-mallows , Fennel , and Gout-wort , each ℥ i. Leaves of Mullen , Coltsfoot , Betony , Maiden-hair , Scabious , each M i. 20 Figs , Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ iv . Seeds of Anis , and sweet Fennel , each ʒii . Liquoris ʒv . boyl them in lb vi of Water to lb iv . to the straining , add Honey ; boyl them again till it be perfectly dispumated . Of this ℥ vi thrice a day . Take Sarsaparilla lb ss. after being duly infused in lb xvi of Spring-water ; boyl it to lb xij . after take roots of great Figwort ℥ iv . roots of red Fennel and Gout-wort , each ℥ ii . Leaves of Betony , Mullen , Scabious , Agrimony , Maiden-hair , each M iv . Raisins of the Sun stoned lb i . then boil them till there be wasted lb v . strain it ; to which add three gallons of Ale , and when tunned up , hang in the Vessel , Liquoris ℥ ii . Seeds of Anis , sweet Fennel , and Angelico , each ʒii . let them be bruised . After fit to tap , let it be for ordinary drink . Take Flower of Sulphur from ℈ i to ʒss . with Honey a spoonful and half , to take in the morning ; at night add flower of Benjamin a grain or two , and take it . COUNS. XVI . Cough . FOr the same honourable Person for his Cough , with which he was apt frequently to be troubled : Take of the leaves of Maiden hair , Mullen , each M iii. Hyssop M i. Anis seeds ʒiii . Raisins sto●ed ℥ iv . boyl them in Barly water lb iii to lb ii. to the straining add Sugar-candy ℥ iv . clarify it with Whites of Eggs ; and take ℥ iii four times a day . ℞ Lohoch . sanum & expertum ℥ iss . Sugar-candy ℥ vi . Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ʒiss . Liquoris ʒii . roots of Oris ʒiss . Macilage of Quince seeds , sufficient to make Tablets , each weighing ℈ i. Keep one always in the Mouth . To this I shall add what were the usual Prescripts of an eminent Physician , both able and pious , also charitable , Dr. Clark : For Coughs , ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ℥ i. Flor. Sulph . ℈ ii . Bol. optim . Sang. Drac . ā ℈ iiii . Sem. Papav. alb . Gum. Arab. Tragac. Amyli , ā ℥ i. Rad. Ireos . florent . Ros. rub . Pul. āʒiss . Ol. Anis . Chymic . ℈ i. Sacch . Penid. lb i . Sacch . alb . cand . lb iii . Mucilag . Tragacanth . in Aq. Ros. extract . f. Past. pro Rotul . These are also good in Catarrhs . Take Liquoris ℥ ii . Calamus , Oris , Galangal , each ʒi . Ginger ℈ ii . Carraway seed ʒii . Elicampana ℈ i. Sacch . alb . vel cand . lb i . with Hyssop water , and a little Gum Tragacanth , make Rotula's , adding Oil of Anis seeds ℈ i. whilst in Pouder . Pectoral Rolls . Take Raisins of the Sun stoned lb ss. Figs sliced xii . Seeds of Anis and Fennel , each ʒi . Maiden-hair , Hyssop , each M ss . Liquoris ℥ ii . boyl them in Fountain water lb iv to lb ii. strain it . To be taken ℥ iv thrice a day , sweetned with Sugar-candy . Take Ointment of Orange flowers , and Resumptivum , each ʒvi . Oil of sweet and bitter Almonds , each ʒii . make a Liniment , to anoint the Breast . Or , Take the Pectoral Ointment ℥ i. of Orange flowers ℥ ss . Oil of Mace by expression ℈ i. Saffron in Pouder ℈ ss . Make an Ointment for the Breast . Both to be spred on brown Paper , and applied warm . COUNS. XVII . Cough , and Inflammation of the Tonsils . FOr another of the Honourable Family , by a very eminent Physician , for a Cough , and Inflammation of the Tonsils : Take Diacodium ℥ iss . Conserve of red Roses ℥ i. Barly , Cinamon Water ℥ ss . beat them together , and pulp them through a Seive . Of this he took a third part for three nights together . For inflammation of his Almonds and Mouth , by Dr. Bates : Take Rosewater , in which beat well the White of an Egg , Plantain water ( in which infuse Conserve of Roses ℥ iss . ) ℥ vi . after strain them , and to both add Syrup of Mulberries ℥ i. Honey of Roses ℥ ss . Spirit of Vitriol so much as will make it pleasantly tart . With this he gargarized his Mouth and Throat : Take Mastic Pillsʒiss . of it form nine Pills , of which were taken three at bed-time . Outwardly was applied the Plaster framed of Flower of Sulphur , white Dogs-turd , and Honey . He also used this , by which he often found benefit , as also others : ℞ Diamoron . ℥ i. Mel Ros. ʒii . Misc. adde Spir. Vitriol . q. s. ad gratam aciditatem . COUNS. XVIII . Chin-Cough . THe Chin-Cough , for the Son and Daughter of the Right Honourable Robert Lord Brook , by Dr. Prujean , and Dr. Bates : Take of white Amber , Gum Anima , Wood of Aloes , ā ℥ i. Benjamin , Storax , Calamus , Olibanum , each ℥ ss . of them make a gross Pouder . For a Fume to be used morning and night , the Head being covered : ℞ Diatrag. frigid . Pul. Hali. Musc. Pixid . Lign . Aloes , āʒiss . Pul. Sem. Lini ℈ iv . Pul. Rad. Althaeae , Sem. Papav . alb . Sperm . Cet . āʒi . Sacch . rub . solut . q. s. ut f. Lohoch . A little of it is to be put into the Mouth with the Nurses Finger , and with it also rub the Tongue , and inner parts of the Cheeks gently twice or thrice a day . ℞ Wild-time M i. Sassafras sliced ℥ i. Hyssop water lb iiss . infuse them on a gentle heat for six hours ; after strain it , and thereto add Syrup of Mousear to give it a sweet taste . Give some spoonfuls oft in a day . By Dr. Bates ordered , Take Cup Moss poudered ℥ i. white Sugar-candy ℥ ii . make a Pouder . Give ℈ i twice in a day in Syrup of Mousear . Besides , to the Son was given of the next , as oft and as much as he would take : Take Harts-tongue , Liver-wort , each M i. Lungwort on the Oak , and spotted Lungwort , Coltsfoot , Alehoof , each M ss . Mousear as much , Raisins of the Sun , Jujubes , Sebestins , each 20. boyl them in Barly-water lb iii . adding at the latter end , of Liquoris shaved ʒiii . after strain and clarify it , in which dissolve simple Sugar Tablets ℥ ii . I have known Cup-Moss in Pouder , given so much as would lie upon a Groat in a fit Syrup , hath cured in nine days . COUNS. XIX . Sore Eyes . TWo Servants to the Honourable Family being troubled with sore Eyes , had what follows . First , Mrs. Terrel , by Dr. Bates : She first took the next Pills : ℞ Pil. è duab . extract . Rud ā ℈ i. M. f. Pil. N o iv . She took one at bed-time , the rest in the morning . Two hours after those in the morning she took Broth , and so between every stool . Behind the Ear of the same side was applied a blistering Plaster . To the Eye the following , Take fresh Butterʒii . prepared Tutty ℈ iss . Camphire gr . vi . mix them , for an Ointment . Of which was a little put twice a day into the Eye . After having an Ulcer in the great corner in the Eye , by applying our Empl. Flav. and giving her some Extract . Cathol . she did well . Mrs. Canon , her Kinswoman , had a Pearl in her Eye , for which Dr. Bates prescribed the following : ℞ Pil. Macriʒiss . Rud. ℈ i. Ol. Foenicul . gut . iii. f. Pil. N o 12. Of which she took three after her first sleep , once a week . Take Oxycroceumʒiii . Burgundy Pitch ℥ ss . Oil of Cloves ℈ j. make a Plaster for the Neck behind . Take live Sowes 46 , bruise them , and infuse them in Fennel water ℥ iss . after strain it , add Sugar ʒi . and drink this quantity twice a day . By which she was cured . COUNS. XX. Sore Eyes . A Course for sore Eyes , by Dr. Willis , for an honourable Person , which he himself communicated unto me , and said he had experienced on several with admirable success . He gave Cephalic Pills twice in ten days , as , ℞ Pil. Lucis major . Cochear . min. Resin . Jalap . ā ℈ i. Ol. Nuc. Mosch . gut . vi . M. f. Pil. N. 8. deaurent . One was taken at bed-time , and three in the morning betimes . For ordinary drink , Boyl in four gallons of strong Ale , instead of Hops , Sarsaparilla ℥ i. shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each ℥ ii . Roots of Butchers-broom ℥ iv . after it hath wrought , and is tunned up , hang in it the same Sarsaparilla , also Sassafras ℥ i. Sage , Eye-bright , each M ii . After a week drink of it , and no other . You may also boil with the things boiled , Dock-roots , and hang in with the other Harts tongue ; only then let there be a gallon more of Ale. Take Pouder of Sarsaparilla , of Butchers-broom dried by the Fire , each ℥ ii . Crabs-eyes ℥ i. Sugar of Rosemary ℥ iiii . being all made into a pouder , mix them . Of this take a spoonful in the morning , and so much at four a clock in the afternoon . To make Sugar of Rosemary , Take Sugar ℥ iv . pouder of Rosemary ℥ i. dissolve the Sugar in Lavender water , boyl them with the pouder into the consistence of Lozenges ; cast it on a Plate anointed with Butter , or Oil of sweet Almonds . Blistering Plasters are to be applied to the Neck , and behind the Ears , and to be kept open as long as you can . COUNS. XXI . Sore Eyes . ANne Keen , Wash-Maid to the Honourable Family , being troubled with sore Eyes , had prescribed what follows : ℞ Pil. Coch. ℈ ii . Ol. Nuc. Mosch . gut . ii . f. Pil. N. iv . So much to be taken every tenth or twelfth day . An Issue in the Arm. Every morning she was to take a spoonful of Sage in pouder with Sugar , and to wash her Eyes with warm Verjuice . ℞ Gum. Elimi . Pix . Nau. Pix . Burgund . ā ℥ i. Misc. f. Empl. Spread it upon Leather , and apply it between the Shoulders , renewing it every third day . COUNS. XXII . Vlcer of the Bladder . FOr an Ulcer in the Bladder for a Lady of a good Family , by Dr. Willis : Take Cassia new drawn ℥ ss . Rubarb in pouder ʒss . Rosin of Jalap gr . iii. Terbentine washed with Saxifrage water ʒii . make a Bole. Which was taken with Observation of a Physical Diet. Take leaves of Sanicle , Millefoil , each ʒiss . Leaves of Ground-pine ʒi . Spec. Diatrag . frigid . ℈ iv . Sal Prunela ℈ ii . make them into pouder ; and after with sufficient quantity of Lucatella's Balsam make a Mass for Pills . Of which was to be taken every night and morning . At another time by the said Doctor was prescribed the following : Take Rubarb in pouder ʒi . Venice Turbentine washed in Saxifrage water ʒii . Cassia new drawn ʒi . Pouder of sweet Fennel seed ʒss . with sufficient quantity of Syrup of Roses , make a Bole. Which she took as before . After she took the following ; ℞ Rhab. opt . pul . ʒij . Merc. dulc . ℈ iv . Resin . Jalap . gr . xvi . For four Doses , given every second or every third day . Take Olibanum in pouder ℥ ss . liquid Storax ʒii . Mastich , Myrrh , Colophony , each ʒi . Lucatella's Balsam , sufficient to make a Mass. Of these she took three every morning and night . Take tops of Cyprus M vi . tops of Fir M iv . shavings of Fir Mii. Venice Turbentine lb ss. dissolve it with four yolks of Eggs , being well stirr'd in a Wooden Mortar ; after mix with all , being shred and bruised , White-wine Posset-drink , six pints , and still them in a common Still . Of this she took eight spoonfuls after her Pills morning and night . At another time he prescribed : ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ʒii . Rubarb ʒi . Pul. Fol. Virg. Aur. ʒii . Balsam . Peru. ʒss . Bals. Lucat . q. s. f. Mass. She took four of the Pills going to bed for three weeks , drinking after the former distilled Water , taking also the like quantity of Water at first waking : ℞ Troch . Gorden . ℥ iv . Sacch . Ros. ℥ i. Misc. f. Pul. Take every morning for breakfast , and at night for supper , a pint of new Milk warm from the Cow , dissolving in it half a spoonful of the Pouder . For ordinary Drink , Brew small Ale , in five or six gallons of the Wort boyl half a peck of Deal shavings , after tunn'd up , hang in the Vessel in a Bag , Liquoris ℥ iss . Figs and Dates sliced , each 10. Tap it after a week old , and drink it constantly . COUNS. XXIII . Palsey . FOr the Palsey , for Simon Archer , being very aged , was prescribed by Dr. Boles what follows : Take Oil of Fox ℥ ii . of Amberʒii . mix them . With it anoint the whole Spine from the Nap of the Neck to the Coxis every third day . The resolved parts with those near , were anointed with Oil of Castor ℥ i. and Spirit of Wine , at pleasure . ℞ candied Ginger , beat it into a soft Elect. with Syrup of Wood-sorrel . Dose ℥ ss . every day in the morning ; at other times , oft in a day he took Aq. Antepilept . Lang. with crums of Bread , and sometimes Oil of Amber six or seven drops , with a knob of Sugar . Vesicatories were applied to each shoulder , and kept open . ℞ Pil. Aloephang . ℈ i. Extract . Rud. ℈ ss . Castor . gr . iii. cum Oxymel f. Pil. 4. To be taken twice a week , or at pleasure . He had neezing Pouder , but seldom used it . ℞ Aq. Epilept . Lang. ℥ iii. Spir. Castor ℥ i. Syr. Flor. Paralis Stoechad . ā ℥ i. to be taken at need . Take White-wine Vinegar a pint , Mustard two spoonfuls , Pepper finely poudered a spoon-Honey three spoonfuls ; make a Gargarism . Use six spoonfuls morning and night three days before the New and Full of the Moon . COUNS. XXIV . Scurvy and Gout . FOr the Scurvy and Gout , for the Lady Archer , by the same Doctor : Take Scurvy grass Mx. Mountain-sage M vi . Wormwood , Ground-pine , each M ii . sliced Oranges 6. put all into a Pye made of two parts of Barly Meal , and one of Rye ; bake it , after shred it all as small as minced Meat , after put them into a Bag , and hang it in five gallons of middling Ale. After six days drink of it , or sooner if clear , at all times . This was excellent in its effects . ℞ Succin . alb . ʒiii . Rhab. put . ʒii . cum Tereb . Cypr. q. s. f. Mas. Of these she took five or six every other day , an hour after taking some Broth. Take Conserve of Scurvy-grass ℥ ii . Conserve of Barberries ℥ i. Crabs eyesʒiss . mix them . She took at night ℥ ss . and also in the morning . The Leeches were to be applied each month . But she contented her self mostly with the Pills , Electuary , and Bottle Diet-drink , framed of twelve leaves of Scurvy-grass , twenty Raisins of the Sun stoned , and a spoonful of the shavings of Horse-radish roots ; which you have in the Marrow of Chirurg . the last edition , pag. 180. Altho she drunk the first Diet-drink till it was done ; yet she kept constant to the last , at meals and all times , by which she found a great deal of advantage , and took like pleasure in it , as she hath told me more than twenty times . COUNS. XXV . Vlcers of the Bladder . FOr Ulcers of the Bladder , by Dr. Bates , for Mrs. Terrel , was appoinred what follows : ℞ Cyprus Terbentine washed in Plantain water ℥ i. Harts Pisle in pouder ℥ ss . Troches of Winter-cherries without Opium , or those of Gordon . ʒiii . Syrup of Comfry , sufficient to make a Mass of Pills , putting them as made into Pills , into pouder of Liquoris . She took three at bed-time , and so many in the morning , for fourteen days in a month , beginning five days before Full Moon , drinking upon them a small draught of the next Apozeme : Take of Comfry , Marsh-mallows , Ground-daizies , each M iii. Cleavers M ii ; Liquoris ℥ i. Nutmegs 4 , Anis-seeds ℥ ss . boyl all ; being shred , sliced , and bruised , in six pints of Water till half be wasted , after strain it : in the Liquor dissolve Sugar ℥ iv . and clarify it . Drink Beer unhopt , hanging in the Vessel Liquoris , a little Misletoe of the Oak . Forbear sharp Beer , salt Meats , Wine , heavy Meats ; drink as little as you can . Ale is better than Beer . ℞ Cyprus Turpentineʒvi . Balsam of Toluʒii . Diacalcitheos washed in Rose Vinegar ℥ ss . Mix them , and make a Plaster for the region of the Back and Navil . For her by another eminent Physician . Take Mastick wood ℥ iii. Sarsaparilla ℥ vi . Liquoris ℥ ii . after rightly prepared , boyl them in four gallons of Wort till a gallon be wasted ; then strain out the Ingredients , and add a gallon of fresh Wort to it . After ready , use it for ordinary drink . Take of the four greater cold Seeds , each ℥ ss . Seeds of Plantain , Water-lillies , and Hemp , each ʒiii . boyl them in Barly-water lb vi to lb iii . to which add Plantain water lb ss. Penidies , sufficient quantity to sweeten it ; and make an Emulsion . Take Troches of Gordon ℥ ii . make a Pouder . Take of the Emulsion first in the morning , also an hour before supper , and at night going to bed , half a pint or little less ; and in the morning and night-draughts , put in as much of the Pouder as will lie on a shilling . For Mrs. Brown , also a Servant to the Honourable Family , was ordered what follows for an Ulcer in the Bladder , by Doctor Willis , which she observed : ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ℥ ss . Liquor . pul . ʒii . Tereb . Venet. q. s. f. Mass. Of every drachm make six Pills . Take Troches of Gordon ●iv . make it into a Pouder . Twice or thrice a week take three of the Pills at the hour of sleep . Every morning take a spoonful of the Pouder in new Milk ; when ever ill , take of the Pouder in Beer , or Posset-drink , with Syrup of Marsh-mallows . Mrs. Terrel , with the former Course by Doctor Bates , had the next Plaster applied to her Back : ℞ Empl. Coesar . Diapalm . in Acet . Ros. lot . āʒvi . Tereb . Cypr. Bals. Tolu . āʒii . f. Empl. for the Back . COUNS. XXVI . Whites . THe Whites , for the Lady Hales the Elder , by Dr. Boles , was appointed as follows : Take Amber , Mastich , Rubarb , eachʒii . Cyprus Turpentine sufficient to make it into a Mass for Pills : Of which she took six made of a drachm every day . Before these were made , she lost ℥ viij of Blood from the Foot The former Pills all taken , she took the next : ℞ Pil. Macri ℥ ss . Merc. dulc . ℈ ss . Misc. f. Pil. N. 4. After the taking of these , she salivated with the following : ℞ Merc. dulc . ℈ i. Conserv . Ros. ʒiss . Misc. After sufficient fluxing , she took the Pil. Macr. again at bed-time , and salivated again . This performed , she drunk Balm Posset-drink , eat sparingly , and what was of easy digestion , and drank especially of the next : Take Sarsaparilla ℥ iii. Macr. ℥ ss . Liquoris ℥ i. boil them in Water lb vi for an hour , being first duly infused . These she also observed in the time of her salivating . In soreness of her Mouth , happening in fluxing , she washed it with Milk or Barly-water . COUNS. XXVII . Obstructions of the Mesentery , &c. CLement Throckmorton , Esquire , for Obstructions of the Mesentery and Sweet-bread , by Dr. Boles was the following ordered : ℞ Vini rubel . ℥ ss . Oxymel simp. ℥ i. Aq. Card. benedict . ℥ iss . Misc. This he took in bed . The next day after he took a Dose of the next Pills , and each other day till ended : ℞ Pil. Imperial . Stomach . cum Gum Macri , āʒi . Sal Absynth . ℈ j. Tart. Vitriol . ℈ ss . M. f. Pil. 20 , for four Doses . After which was ordered the Bottle-drink for the Scurvy , Couns . 24. in which was infused Rubarbʒiii . sliced . Of this was given the next morn●ng after his Pills , they being taken at nights . The Pills he also took after twice a month , or as oft as there was need . ℞ Roots of Succory , Fennel , and of Fearn , each ℥ iii. roots of Squitch grass and Sorrel , each ℥ ii . Seeds of Yarrow bruised ℥ iss . sweet Fennel seedʒiii . Harts-tongue M i. Spleenwort , Maiden-hair , each M ss . Liquoris ℥ i. boyl them in Water lb i●iss . White-wine lb ss. in a Pipkin well shut , for an hour ; after strained , add Syrup of five Roots ●ii . Syrup of Vinegar ℥ i. mix them . Of this he drank a pint every day in the morning , and also once a day Posset drink , wherein was boiled Wormwood , to which was added , as he drunk it , the Juice of Oranges . Take Conserve of red Rosesʒvi . Oil of Sulphurʒiss . infuse them in two quarts of Water for six hours upon warm Embers ; after strain it , and therein dissolve Sugar ℥ xii . Of this he drank ℥ ii at what time he pleased , instead of Wine . ℞ Unguent . Dialtheae ℥ i. Ol. Absynth . Chamon . Mastic . ā ℥ i. Ol. Mac. ʒii . Bals. Natur. ℈ ii . Misc. With this was that part of the Belly anointed , and where the Tumor was , and parts about it ; upon which was presently applied a large Bladder , scarce half full , of hot Water . These were done night and morning ; all the day after was worn a brown Paper besmeared with the former Ointment . After two weeks , was applied the following Plaster : ℞ Empl. è Cicuta cum Ammon . ℥ ij . Melilot . Ceron . ā ℥ i. Misc. This Course succeeded admirably . COUNS. XXVIII . Kings-Evil . Mrs. Martha Throgmorton , the Daughter of the foresaid Esquire , being troubled with Scr●fula's Tumors , with a Tumor possessing most part of the Thigh , by the same Doctor . That in the Thigh fluctuating in pressing of it in several places at once , it was intended to be opened . The Doctor desired to do it himself with my Incision Knife , which done , the Matter flowed out plentifully . I desired he would please to stop , and not take too much ; but he thinking her strength good , and matter in abundance , let it run ; but beginning to change , he stopt , and she presently fainted ; being instantly laid upon a Bed near . After she fell into a Fever , and Convulsive Motions , for which he commanded me to open a Vein , which I did two days together , and applied Cups to her Shoulders , with Scarifications , for two or three days ; after which she was let blood in the foot . The Fever and Convulsive Motions removed , she was purged with the following : ℞ Diaturb . cum Rhabarb . ʒi . Merc. dulc . ℈ ss . Syr. Aurant . q. s. f. Bol. This was taken in a Wafer twice a week for a quarter of a year . In the interim , and other days she took the Lime-water set down in the Marrow , &c. pag. 178. ℞ Succin . alb . Rhab. āʒiiss . Gum. Terebinth . Cypr. q. s. f. Mass. Of each drachm was made seven Pills , which she took for every morning for seven or eight days , and afterwards every other morning for two months , after the former quarter of a year . Take Gen●ian roots ℥ ss . boyl them at a gentle Fire in a pint and half of White-wine , for a quarter of an hour . Of this she drunk ℥ iii twice or thrice a day , when her Apertion began to have well digested matter ; and after in place of it was taken the following : ℞ St. Johns-wort , all , Mullen , Agrimony , Betony , each M iii. Shavings of Fir wood M vi . boyl them in six gallons of Ale instead of Hops . After ready , she drank of it constantly , and at meals , at pleasure . She was allowed to take Elicampana roots candied . For every month after she was well , she lost ℥ viii of Blood from the Foot ; only before V.S. she had such a Vomit as in the former Counsel , only of the two first there was ℥ i a piece . After that about her usual time she took of Madderʒi . in ℥ iii of White-wine , and ℥ i of Syrup of Mugwort . The Cure , and ordering the former Prescriptions , was left to my care . External Applications were Unguent . Basil. with our Empl. flav . and an Embrocation of Oil of Lillies , Worms , Roses , and Dil. The Cure for the most part was done at Warwick Castle , where the Apertion was made . COUNS. XXIX . Immoderate Courses . Mrs. Savage , for immoderate Flux of the Courses , by Dr. Boles was advised as follows : ℞ Rhabarbʒii . Diatrion Santal . ʒiss . Misc. f. Pul. In this Pouder dip fifteen Raisins sliced , and eat every morning . Take Bole Armoniac ℥ ss . roots of Tormentilʒii . roots of Angelicaʒi . best refined Sugar dissolved in red Rose water ℥ iij. make Tablets : Of which take ʒi thrice a day . Take Vnguent . Comitis . washed in Rose-Vinegar ℥ iiii . With which anoint the bottom of the Belly , the Back , Privities , and upper part of the Thighs . On the Loins apply a Plaster of equal parts of the Rupture-Plaer , and Diapalma . Below fume every day with Vinegar , wherein the Pouder of Toad , Frog , red Roses , Yarrow , and Mastich , was put . She was to take ℥ ii of the Juice of Nettles , and one of Yarrow , when they most abounded . A Conserve was made of the Seeds of Nettles , and Flowers of red Archangel , of which she was to take an ounce ; and sometimes in the said Conserve was to be mixed a drachm , or half a drachm of prepared Coral , or Blood-stone . Frixions and Ligatures were made on to the Arms , and a Cup applied under the Dugs . To the Region of the Liver was laid this : ℞ Cerat . Santal . ℥ iii. Succ. Vrtic . ℥ iss . Misc. For ordinary drink was taken the next : Take of St. Johns-wort , Agrimony , Mullen , each Miij . Nettles M iv . Mastick-wood sliced ℥ iv . boyl them in six gallons of Ale instead of Hop , after tun it up , and in the Barrel hang a pound of old Conserve of Roses . Of this , when ready , drink at any time . She drank once a week Sage Posset-drink tinctur'd with Blood-stone to ℥ v. ℞ Rhab. ℥ ii . Succ. Lim Irrot. Jalap . ʒi . super-affund . Aq. Hord. in q. coxen . Fol. Taps . Barb. & Vrtic . lb ss. After a nights infusion , strain it , and put to it Syrup of dried Roses ℥ v. Take it as there is need . There was oft applied to the Dugs , Clothes dipp'd in ten parts of Water , and one of Vinegar , cold ; and to the Privities the same , with an addition of Juice of Nettles , or of Hogs dung . These gave a check to them for some time ; but returning again , she was taken in hand by a Practitioner in Worcester-shire , where after some time she died . Tansey Posset-drink taken , hath cured ; so hath Spiders webs boiled in Vinegar , applied to the Privities . COUNS. XXX . Immoderate Courses . TO an honourable Lady with Child , for immoderate Courses was appointed by Dr. Willis what follows : At present it is not fit to give her Ladyship any thing to hinder the evacuation of Urine , which comes on her every morning . I suppose it will be needful before long to take away a little Blood , especially if her Pulse be strong or high . Let her take of the Tincture of Antimony . Besides every morning and night give ℈ i of red Coral finely ground with Rose-water , in a spoonful of Tent Wine , or Alicant , drinking a glass of it afterward , and dip a Toast in it , and eat it . If there be a necessity of an astringent or stopping Medicine , Take Cumfry roots lb ss. slice them , and put them into an earthen Pipkin , with half a pint of Alicant , and so much Loaf-Sugar , cover it with a Paper , and bake it in an Oven , as you do Apples . Let her night and morning eat three or four slices of the Comfry , and take a spoonful or two of the Syrup presently after . With this I have cured several COUNSEL XXXI . Immoderate Courses . Mrs. Babington , for immoderate Courses with the Scurvy , by Dr. Willis was ordered as follows : Take the tops of Cypress lb ss. with the like quantity of Sugar make a Conserve ; add the Pouders of Dragons blood , Bole Armoniack , and Pomgranat flowers , eachʒi . with sufficient Syrup of red Poppies make an Electuary . Of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg in the morning , at four a clock in the afternoon , and at night , drinking upon it a draught of the next : Take pouder of red Sandersʒii . steel'd Water , or that of the Smith's Trough , a pint ; infuse them , being stopped for twenty four hours hot ; add Juyce of Nettles half a Pint , Sugar of Roses ℥ i. Reserve them in a Glass . To the Loins , and part between the Anus and Privities , apply Diminio boiled in red Wine . To foment , Take leaves of Cypress , Plantain , Horse-tail , each M i. Pomgranat rinds and flowers , eachʒiss . red Roses M i. boyl them in three pints of Smith's Forge-water , for a Fomentation to be used to the Privities . Of the Mass , after strained , frame a Pessary , besmear it , or lap it up in the scrapings of a Kettle bottom , to be put up in Vulva . COUNS. XXXII . Tertian Malign . Mrs. Chamberlain of Church-wotten , for Loosness and Vomiting in a malign intermitting Tertian , by Dr. Barksdale was prescribed the ensuing : Take Juniper berries ℥ i. boyl them in a pint and half of Milk to ℥ xii . in the straining , dissolve Mithridate , and Electuary of Bay-berries , eachʒii . white Sugar ℥ ii . one Yolk of an Egg. Make a Clyster to be cast in three hours before the Fit. An hour before the Fit she took Gascons pouder , Venice Treacle , each ℈ i. with Syrup of Clove-Gilly flowers made into a Bole ; to sweat moderately . At night after the Fit she took Diascordium and Rubarb in pouder , each gr . xv . made into a Bole with Conserve of Barberries and red Roses , each ℈ ii . In the hot Fit she took two spoonfuls of Treacle water in a draught of Posset-drink . The next day she took a Clyster framed of Milk ℥ xii . Mithridateʒii . white Sugar ℥ ii . and the Yolk of an Egg. By this Course she was cured . COUNS. XXXIII . Fever and Loosness . Mrs. Eede of Warwick , by the said Doctor , for a Fever and Loosness , for which she had as follows : Take of the common emollient and Carminative Decoction ℥ xii . Jene Treacle ℥ iii. Terbentine dissolved in the Yolk of an Eggʒii . Mithridateʒiss . Make a Clyster , to be cast in three hours before the Fit. Take Oxymel of Squils ℥ ii . red Emetic Wineʒii . White-wine ℥ i. mix them . To be taken before the Fit. Take Rubarb in pouderʒii . Crabs eyes preparedʒiss . Nutmeg in pouderʒi . Liquoris ℈ ii . Cyprus Terbentine sufficient to make a Mass for Pills , to take ℈ ii every morning , drinking presently after ℥ iiii of Wormwood-wine . For the Diarrhea , she was appointed to use a good Diet , took for two or three nights at bed-time Rubarb in pouder , and Diascordium , each ℈ i. and upon it she drunk Wormwood steel'd Wine , made of Claret every morning . She also was to take two or three drachms of Conserve of Roman Wormwood , withʒi of Conserve of Roses , and ℈ ss of Rubarb ; drinking after it Wormwood Wine . Thus in short time she became well . COUNS. XXXIV . Hypochondriac Winds . FOr Mr. Wilcox in Hypochondriac Winds , especially afflicting the Head , by Dr. Wright was the following appointed : Take Water of Carduus and Raddish compound , each ℥ j. Castor tyed up in a rag ℈ ij . Saffron dissolved in a spoonful of Langius water gut . vi . mix them . Take a spoonful before meat . ℞ Extract . Gentian . Faecul . Brion . Ammoniac . solut . in Aq. Card. ā ℈ i. Gall. Depurat . ℈ j. Bals. Peru. ℈ ss . cum Syr. de ZZ . cond . f. Pil. 7. of a drachm to take every night at entring into bed daily . ℞ Cerat . ex Ammoniac . ʒii . Empl. de Bacc. Laur. ℥ ss . Bals. Peru. gut . ii . f. Empl. for the region of the Spleen . Take roots of Elicampana , Angelica , Agarick trochiscated , Anis seeds , Liquoris , each ʒi . Chamomel flowers p. ss . Ginger , Schaenanth , each ℈ ss . Sena sprinkled with White-wine , Polipody of the Oak , each ʒiii . Raisins stoned 20. Damask Prunes 3. boyl them in sufficient Water to ℥ vii . in the strained Liquor add Infusion of Rubarb made in Carduus water , as also Syr. Ros. cum Agaric . each ℥ i. Cinamon water gut . iii. To be taken in a morning with well ordering . COUNS. XXXV . Hypochondriac Winds . FOr Mr. Baxter , for Hypochondriac Winds , by Dr. Meveril , and Dr. Diodate , was ordered what follows : To vomit , take either ʒi of Salt of Vitriol dissolved in ℥ ii of honey'd Water ; or the Infusion of Croc. Metallorum ℥ j. The next day open the middle vein or Basilica of the left Arm. The next day after , and for three days following , take of the next : Take the leaves and little bags of Sena ℥ iss . fresh Polipody of the Oak ℥ i. Cream of Tartar ℥ ss . Tamarindsʒx . Succory rootsʒvi . Currants ℥ iii. Herb Fumitory , Harts-tongue , Scurvy-grass , each M i. Seeds of sweet Fennel and Anis , eachʒii . make a decoction in Whey clarified to a pint . Of this strained take ℥ iv . Elect. Diabalzem . ℥ i. Juyce of Limons a spoonful , for one Dose , and so for three Doses . The day after the taking the first Dose apply the Leeches ; after take the other two Doses . These done , take the next : ℞ Chalyb . puris . Tartar. alb . pul . ā lb ss. impone in Olla terrea , & super-affund . Aq. Font. ad eminent . digit . bul . per hor. 1. semper . despum . dulc . Sacch . alb . add . Vini alb . lb ss. Dose ℥ ii . Every third day after take the next Pills half an hour before supper : ℞ Alo. Ros , ℈ i. of it make three Pills , which guild . COUNS. XXXVI . Small Pox. FOr an honourable Person having the Small-Pox , by several Physicians was appointed what follows : Take of the Fever water ( set down in the Marrow , pag. 177. ) ℥ iv . Syrup of Coral ℥ i. make a Julep , for use . Take Syrup of Jujubs and red Poppies each ℥ i. Spirit of Su●phur per campanam , so much as to make it tartish . Mix them for a Lincture . Take Bole Armoniac , Confection of Hyacinths , eachʒi . red Coral preparedʒss . Syrup of Coral sufficient to make an Opiat . If the Cough or Catarrh grow troublesom , use the Lincture , which was observed . If he should be loose , without any fainting , or falling of the Pox , then let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Opiat in the morning , and four in the afternoon , drinking after a spoonful or two at most of the Julep ; but if there be considerable fainting , with a Flux , and the Pox flatten , the● let be added to the Opiat , Venice Treacleʒi , and take it as before , with a greater quantity of the Julep . If there should fall out any considerable faintings or Sickness without loosness , then the taking of the Julep will serve . For light faintings procured by emptiness , the following will be useful : ℞ Aq. Card. ben . Dracunt . Theriac . ā ℥ iv . Cordial . frig . Saxon. ℥ iii. Margar . praep . ʒiiss . Sacch . Crystal . ℥ i. f. Julep . There being none of the former Symptoms , as Loosness , Faintings , to flatten the Pox , there was no other Julep used through the whole Cure. For his Eyes was this prescribed , Take Plantain and Rose-water , each ℥ i. Camphire gr . iiij . Saffron gr . ii or iij. mix them . For the Throat this : Take either of the Water of Oak-buds , or Plantain , ℥ iii. of red Roses ℥ ii . three Whites of Eggs well beaten , Sugarʒvi . mix all . Of which take a spoonful in the Mouth , and hold it in the Throat , and put it out again ; and after swallow of the next : ℞ Lohoch . san . & expert . Syr. de rub . Ideae ā ℥ i. Misc. The Pox having been dead a week , was taken the following : ℞ Cass. cum Siliquis tus . ℥ i. Sen. mund . ℥ ss . Rhab. opt . ʒi . Sem Coriand . p. ii . coq . in Aq. commun . q. s. ad ℥ x. quas cocti tunc add . Man. depurat . ℥ i. & postquam dissolut . fit Man. clarific . Liquor . & Ovi alb . tandem add . Aq. Cinam . ʒiii . Misc. Of this he took a third part warm in the morning , two hours after he took Broth , the Dinner was light ; and so he did every other , or third day , till all was taken , and he became well ; it was repeated once more . COUNS. XXXVII . Empyema . THe Cure of Empyema's by Dr. Willis , communicated by another Physician to Henry Stubs , Physician . He makes incision in the Side , when any Apostume is broke in the Cavity of the Breast , either from a Pleurisy , or the Lungs , which oft happens ( without any preceding Inflammation ) to many People who never complained of any Disease of the Lungs , nor ever suspected them to be unsound , till on a sudden they are almost choaked with the matter in the breaking of it . And in these Cases when they spit a great deal of purulent matter , if at the same time they feel any pricking pain in their Sides , whereby he guesseth it to be in the Cavity of the Thorax , he first applies a Plaster to the very place to help to break it , framed of Galb . Ammoniac . &c. By this Course in five days he suppurated , and broke a hole in one Mr. Thornton in Northampton-shire , so that the matter came out very well , and in short time his Cough , and spitting of Corruption ceased ; and when it began to cease running , he made it an Issue , by putting in Pease , and kept it open a quarter of a year , till it healed of it self , and the Gentleman is in health and strong at this time . But if he could not suppurate it with a Plaster , then he makes Issues where there is any pain or pricking felt , and in a week the Impostume comes to find a vent , and so comes out in great quantity , and very stinking , and presently their Coughing and spitting ceaseth . By this means he recovered Mrs. Mildmay , and a Baker , after the Apostume had lain in the Breast almost a month , and had spit a great quantity of stinking corrupted matter ; he made the Is●ue by Incision , only where they found pain , and in no constant certain place . COUNS. XXXVIII . Dropsey in the Breast . THis afternoon a Patient having a Dropsey on the left side of the Breast for at least six or eight weeks , insomuch that when he was shaken , the fluctuation was heard as plain as if a Bucket or Pitcher half full of water had been shaken or dashed to and fro . He could not lie on the contrary side without much weight and oppression , as is always when only one Side is affected . He was tapped , and there was taken out half a porringer of yellow water , not at all corrupt or ill scented ; and which is more strange , with heating it on a gentle Fire , it turned all into a Gelly , just as Serum when a Man is let blood will do . There were four or five by to give encouragement and hopes of recovery . To morrow the like quantity is to be let forth , and so continue so long as his strength remaineth good , which I believe will daily encrease , for he hath no bad Symptoms , and seems to be troubled with nothing but difficulty of breathing . Two or three have died of it , which was known after opening , which might possibly have been healed with tapping . COUNS. XXXIX . Latent Scurvy . FOr a latent Scurvy by Dr. B. were these appointed : ℞ Pil. Macr. Ruffi . Stomach . cum Gum. ā ℈ ii . Sem. Cochlear . ℈ i. Sal. Absynth . Cochlear . Tart. vitriolat . ā ℈ ss . Spir. Cochlear , vel Ol. Absynth . Chym. gut . iii. cum Syr. Cochlear . f. Pil. Take ʒss or thereabout for a Dose , at the hour of of sleep , once a week or oftner , omitting Supper ▪ Take leaves of Garden Scurvy-grass , fresh and not broke , M vi . Water-cresses and Brook-lime , fresh also , each M ii . four Oranges cut , Nutmeg , Cloves , each ℈ i. infuse them all in Whey or Posset-drink hot in Bal. Mar. or near the Fire in an earthen Pot , well stopped , lb ii. that nothing may expire , for six or eight hours , When all is cold , strain it ; take daily ℥ iv . for twelve or fourteen days . COUNS. XL. Green-Sickness and Scurvy . FOr another , by the same Doctor , for the Green-Sickness joined with the Scurvy , for a Noblewoman , as follows : Tak the common Decoction for a Clyster , add leaves of Penyroyal , Sage , each M ss . Of the strained Liquor take ℥ x. mix therewith Lenitive Electuary , and Diacatholicon , each ℥ ss . red Sugar ℥ ii make a Clyster , to be cast in at five in the afternoon . Next morning was a Vein opened in the right Arm , and bled ℥ viii . Take of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , and Syrup of the five roots , each ℥ i : Carduus water ℥ iiss . make a Vomit . This was taken the next morning , with fit attending ; but before half an hour was taken Posset-drink ℥ xii . and so after between every vomiting a large draught . The next day was taken the following : ℞ Pil. Macr. ℈ i. Ruffi . ℈ ss . Ol. Salv. gut . iii. f. Pil. to be taken at the hour of sleep , which was repeated every , or every other night , as they did work , or she could bear them . And in the next morning was taken a Dose of the next Apozeme : Take Madder roots , also of Parsley , and Eringos , eachʒvi . Leaves of Dodder , Marjoram , Time , Penyroyal , each M ss . Costus wood , Cinamon , eachʒii . white Tartarʒiii . make an Infusion and Decoction in Spring-water sufficient quantity ; at the end add and infuse Sena ℥ iss . Rhab. ʒss . White-wine ℥ iii. Pouder of Orange-Peels ℥ ii . Leaves of Garden-Scurvy grass fresh , Water-cresses , each M ii . Liquoris ℥ iii. To ℥ xii of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Roses solutive , with Agarick ℥ ii . Syrup of Succory , with Rubarb , and of five Roots , ℥ i. Cinamon water āʒvi . make an Apozem , for four Doses . And if they purge too little , take Pil. Rudi gr . viij . first in the morning , and after two or three hours take the Apozem . After apply five or six Leeches to the Hemorrhoids , and take seven or eight ounces of Blood. After which the next Drink is to be taken for a month or two : Take small Beer , which alter with the leaves of Sage dry , Betony , each M i. Garden Scurvy-grass new M vi . Peels of fresh Limons 12. Cloves bruised 40 , Raisins of the Sun stoned lb i . put them in a Bag , and hang them in five gallons : in the bottom of the Bag put in a Gad of new Steel , to the weight of half a pound . To which may be profitably added Juice of Water-cresses two , three , or four pints . After four or five days drink of it for ordinary Drink ; after half or the greater part is drawn out , bottle it up , and stop it very well , and lay o● let them in sand . COUNS. XLI . Scurvy . FOr a young Lady labouring of the Scurvy , was advised by the same Doctor as follows . Had I been present , perhaps I had advised bleeding ; but being absent , and not sufficiently satisfied in many considerable Circumstances , I judge it safe to forbear , at least till Spring . Let her take any slight Clyster , about four or five a clock in the afternoon , of three quarters of a pint of thin V●albroth , or Posset-drink , in which hath been boiled some Mallowes , Violet leaves , a few Chamomel flowers , and sweet Fennel seed , to which put ℥ iii of very course Sugar , and the Yolk of an Egg , and inject it . The next morning let her take this Vomit : ℞ infuf . Croc. Metallorumʒvi . Syr. è 5 Rad. ℥ ss . Syr. Viol. ʒii . Misc. Let her first take a draught of warm Posset drink , and half an hour after take the Vomit in a little of the same Posset-drink , and drink liberally of it after every vomiting . That night at her going to bed , or at least three hours after a light supper , let her take the following Pills , and the next morning following : being very useful and requisite that the ill matter stirred up with the Vomit , and put into motion , may be forthwith carried away , that so the future Physick for opening Obstructions , and purifying the Blood , may be the more effectual , not being affected and clogg'd with those corrupt humors ; yet in case the Vomit worked more strongly with her both upward and downward , that she feels her Stomach weakned thereby , she may delay the Pills and Potion till the next day . ℞ Pil. Stomach . simp. Alo. Ros. ā ℈ i. Sal Absynth . gr . iii. Ol. Absynth . gut . iii. cum Syr Absynth . q. s. f. Pil. Take them at the hour of sleep , as before . The next morning take this : Take fresh Polyp●dy roots , Succory , eachʒii . Cream of Tartarʒi . Dodder , Ceterach , Rosemary flowers each p. i. make a Decoction in sufficient Water ; at the latter end add and infuse Senaʒiiss . Rub●rbʒii . Leaves of Scurvy-grass M ss . sweet Fennel seed , Liquoris , eachʒss . Orange Juice ●i to ℥ iv . to the straining add Syrup of Roses solutive , with Agarick ●i . Syrap of Violetsʒii . Mint waterʒi . make a Potion . Take it in the morning in bed . After this take the following Pills , either morning or evening , or at least every morning for fourteen or twenty days , as there shall be cause , and benefit is found by them , otherwise omit them a day or two upon any occasion , and in time of the Courses take them only once in two days : ℞ Rhabarb . opt . ʒii . Pil. Stomach . ℈ iv . Gum. Ammoniac . in Acet . solut . Sal. Chalyb . Sal. Absynth . Sem. Cochlear . ā ℈ i. Chalyb . praep . ʒiii . cum Syr. è 5 rad . Syr. Cinam . q. s. f. Pil. Of which take gr . xiiij or ℈ i for a Dose , after a spare supper , at the hour of sleep , and in the morning four hours before meat , with due exercise , and fit diet . At the same time for fourteen or twenty days let the next Drink be also carefully and constantly taken : Take ●hina sliced and bruised , Roots of Bistort cut and bruised , shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , each ℥ ss . make an Infusion , and boyl them in Water lb iii ▪ to lb ii. adding in due time leave of Agrimony , Harts-tongue , each M i. and at the end infuse in the Vessel , being closely shut , whole leaves of Scurvy-grass M vi . Brook-lime , Water cresses , all new , each M i. White-wine Vinegar ℥ iii. best Cinamon , Carraway seeds , each ℈ i. the yellow of fresh Limons ℈ iiii . let them stand in Bal. Mar. for five or six hours , and after all is cold , strain it , and moderately sweeten it with Sugar ℥ ii . And take every morning about ℥ iii , and renew it as oft as there is need ; let this be done with great care and diligence . COUNS. XLII . Stone . TO the Right Honourable , Robert Lord Brook , for the Stone , by Dr. Willis , was appointed as follows : Take new drawn Cassia ℥ ss . best Rubarb ℈ j. Cream of Tartar ℈ ss . sweet Fennel seeds gr . viij . with Syrup of Augustine make a Bole. It gave eleven stools . Take Rubarb in pouderʒii . Sal. Prunellaʒi . Nutmeg , and Liquoris in pouder , each ℈ iss . Terbentine as much as to make it into a Mass for Pills . Of ℥ i make nine Pills . Take Dock roots , prepared Polypody of the Oak , each ℥ iii. best Sena ℥ ii . English Rubarb ℥ iss . sweet Fennel seeds ℥ i. Juniper-berries ℥ iss . slice and bruise them for a Bag. The purging Bole was taken first about seven in the morning , observing a Physical Diet , which was repeated a week after , in which time the Diet-drink was got ready . At every night going to bed was taken four of the Pills for fourteen or twenty one days , and then they were omitted for so long time again , and then repeated for fourteen days more . The Diet-drink was thus made : The former was hung in three gallons of Ale , when it had done working , adding the Juice of Scurvy-grass , and Brook-lime , each lb ss. tap it at a week old . Of this was taken a draught three or four times a week , of half a pint in the morning , or so much as did work three or four times . For ordinary drinking was this provided : Boyl in six gallons of middling Ale , instead of Hops , leaves of Fir , and Birchen Twigs , each Miii . when it hath done working , hang in the Vessel Scurvy-grass leaves M ii . Daucus seed ℥ ii . the outward Peels of three Oranges . Tap it at ten days old , or as soon as it is clear . For Diet , shun all salt Meats , and all sharp , sour , and stale Drinks . COUNS. XLIII . Stone . FOr another honourable Person of the same Family , by the same Doctor , for the Stone , was prescribed as follows : ℞ Pil. Stomach . cum Gum , ℈ ii . Rhab. pul . ℈ i. Tereb . Venet. q. s. ut fingantur Pil. N o viij . Of these Pills four were taken in the morning betimes , observing that day a Physical Diet ; the other four were taken a week after . Spirit of Terbentineʒiii . the Spirit was taken , eight or ten drops in a knob of Sugar dissolved in his morning-draughts . The purging Drink , and the ordinary Drink , in Couns . 42. were taken in the same manner , the last for a month or two . COUNS. XLIV . Contusion of the Head. FOr a Contusion of the Head by a Fall of the Right Honourable , the Lady Katherine Brook , Dowager , by Dr. Willis , was ordered what follows : ℞ Pil. ex Hier. cum Agaric . ʒiss . Ruffi . ʒss . Ol. Nu●● Mosch . gut . vi . Castor . pul . ℈ ss . Syr. Ros. solut . 2. s. f. Pil. N o 16. deaurent . Her Honour lost six or seven ounces of Blood with Leeches , which were repeated a month after . Every week twice she took four Pills at night , or very early in the morning . Other days , at eight in the morning she took near half a pint of the Vulnerary Drink warm , fasting two hours ; before and after she observed a strict Diet , eating Flesh of easy digestion for dinner , and Spoon-meat for most part at supper . Take Roots of Chervil ℥ ii . candied Eringo roots ℥ i. Sage , Agrimony , Mousear , Avens ' each M i. Seeds of sweet Fennel , and Coriander , eachʒiii . Raisins stoned M i. boyl them in a pottle of Spring water till a third part be wasted , and put to it a pint of White-wine , stir it well , strain it , and put it into Bottles for a Vulnerary Drink . Night and morning the contused part was with a Spunge fomented with the following for a quarter of an hour , after that well dried with a hot Cloth , and after applied Bals. Lucatel . as at the first . Take Mallows , Violet leaves , Chamomel , Rosemary , Sage , each M i. Flowers of Melilot , and Chamomel , each M ss . boyl them in two quarts of Water till half be wasted , then put to it White-wine a quart . After she bled in the Neck with Leeches applied to the Jugular Veins . After she bled at the Arm ; and then a few days after that at the Hemorrhoids , which much weakned her . At bed-time her Honour took the quantity of a Nutmeg of the next Electuary : Take Conserves of Flowers of Betony , Clove Gilly-flowers , and red Roses , each ℥ ii . Diascordiumʒiii . prepared Pearlʒss . Pouder of Crabs eysʒi . Root of Angelico in pouder , and Species of Hyacinth , eachʒss . Syrup of Coral , enough 〈◊〉 ●ake an Opiat . For her Hysteric Vapors with which she was afflicted , she took a spoonful of the next : Take the Waters of Penyroyal , and Rhue , each ℥ iii. of black Cherries , and Rosemary , each ℥ ii . compound Briony water ℥ ii . Castor tied up in a little Sarcenet , and hung in the Glassʒi . mix them . Her Honours Head was opened to the Cranium , there being first applied a Caustic , and so kept open for near twenty days . The Sore being healed , she was to purge once or twice a week for a month together , and after that once a month , and at last once in a quarter of a year . ℞ Pil. Ruffi . Mastic . āʒi . Sal Absynth . ℈ i. Misc. f. Pil. 12. She took three or four for a Dose . In the time she had the Vapors , there were taken morning and evening ten drops of Spirit of Harts-horn in a spoonful of the Hysteric , taking three or four spoonfuls after it . ℞ best Rubarbʒi . yellow Sandersʒss . Salt of Wormwood ℈ ss . slice and bruise the two first , and infuse all in White-wine , and Balm water , each ℥ ii . for a night ; of the straining take ℥ iii , adding Syrup of Augustineʒii . mix them . But instead of this she took thrice two drachms of Cream of Tartar in Posset drink . After which she had the next : Take shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , and China sliced and bruised , eachʒiii . white and yellow Sanders , eachʒss . being sliced and bruised , infuse them for a night in Spring water lb iv . boyl them in the morning to the third part , adding Leaves of Betony , Agrimony , Avens , each M i. Raisins 20. sweet Fennel seedʒiii . Roots of Chervils , and Eringo's candied , each ℥ i. near the end of the boyling , add White-wine ℥ vi . strain them into a Pot , wherein is put Agrimony , Brook-lime , each Mi. the outward Rind of Oranges , and infuse them in warm Ashes for three hours ; let the Vessel be well stopt , after cold , strain it . Of this she took ℥ iv twice a day , and at last was cured . COUNS. XLV . Cholick . A Scorbutic Cholick , which frequently afflicted Mr. John Russel , Kinsman to the foresaid Lady , had by Dr. Willis the following ordered him : Take leaves of Betony , Rosemary , Tansey , Southren wood , Rue , Misletoe , Scurvy-grass , Cresses , Brook-lime , each M ii . Flowers of Chamomel , Marygolds , Elder , each M i. Cubebs , Cardamoms , each ℥ i. Mace ℥ ss . Walnuts 10. cut and beat them , and pour upon them White-wine Posset-drink 6 pints , and distil it in a common Still . Mix all the Waters together . Take of male Piony rootsʒvi . Coral and Crabs eyes in fine pouder , eachʒi . Roots of Angelico , and Virginia Snake-weed , eachʒi . mix them ; being all in fine pouder , and with the best Loaf-sugar dissolved in Saxifrage water ℥ xij . make Tablets , adding the best Oil of Amberʒi . Of these take one every morning and evening , drinking presently upon it ℥ iss of the former Water , and continue it for a month . An Issue was opened in the left Arm. To purge , he took this : ℞ Sal. Absynth . ℈ ss . Resin . Jalap . gr . iv . Misc. It was taken in the Pap of an Apple rosted in the morning with due ordering . To vomit , he took Salt of Vitriol gr . xv . after he had half an hour before drunk a draught of Posset-drink , and so also between vomiting , and if need in the last draught there was put in a spoonful of Oxymel . ℞ Galb . solut . in Vin. Hispanic . q. s. extend . super alutam , to be applied to the region of the Navil . The Walnuts not being to be had , there was put in their stead the outward Rinds of four Limons , and so many Oranges . Instead of Sal Vitriol . which did not work well , was given Sal. Emetic . N. to gr . ii . which wrought excellently with him ; after which his Fits came seldomer at last , but in long time he became prety well , and was seldom troubled with them , he following the Doctor 's Direction , save as to the Vomit . He being withal troubled with the Stone , did usually take Posset-drink , wherein was boiled equal parts of Wall-Pellitory and Chamomel , with great success . COUNS. XLVI . Faintings . AN Honourable Lady being used to be troubled with fainting in labour , and other times , by Dr. Willis had prescribed : As to that in her labour , she had this appointed : Take Clary M iiii . Balm and Rosemary , each M ii . the outward Rinds of two Oranges , and two Limons , chop them altogether , and put to them Cinamon bruised ℥ ss . Sack and White-wine , each a quart , distil them in a common Still , and put what is drawn off altogether . Of this she took five or six spoonfuls , at pleasure . For fainting at other times there was ordered this : ℞ Aq. Mirab. Meliss . ā ℥ iiij . Napha . ℥ iss . Confect . Alkerm . S. Mosc . ʒii . Sacch ▪ Crystal . ℥ ss . Misc. f. Julep . Of which she took two , three , or four spoonfuls at pleasure . At another time for fainting was prescribed this : Take of Spear-Mints , Balm , Sage dried , tops of Cypress , each 2 good handfuls , Cinamon bruised ℥ i. Mace ℥ ss . Kermes berries ℥ ii . Nutmegsʒii . cut and bruise them all , and put to them two quarts of good Claret , of red Rose-water , and Balm water , each lb ss. distil them in a cold Still . Put the first and last together , sweeten it to your taste with Syrup of Coral ; take a spoonful or two night and morning , and three or four spoonfuls when you are very ill , and apt to your Fits. COUNS. LXVII . Spleen and Vapours . FOr the Spleen and Vapours in another young Lady , by Dr. Willis was ordered the following : ℞ Pil Stomach . cum Gum. ʒiss . Resin . Jalap . gr . xii . Sal Chalyb . ℈ i. Gum. Ammoniac . solut . in Aq. Hysteric . f. Pil. N. xii . The purging Pills . Take pouder of Wood-Aloes , yellow Sanders , and the Bark of Tamaris , eachʒi . Troches of Rubarbʒii . Roots of Contrayerva , and Virginia Snakeweed , eachʒiss . Salt of Wormwood , and of Tamaris , eachʒi . Pouder of Ivory , and Crabs eyes , each ℈ ii . make of all a very fine Pouder : after add the Flowers of Ash ℥ ss . beat them in a Mortar , with Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Hysteric water sufficient to make a Mass. For opening Pills . ℞ Limatur . Chalyb . rec . ponatur in Vitrio cum Succ. Aurant . N. ij . per hor. 12. deind . add . Vin. alb . lb iss . Aq. Fumar. Jugland . Symp. ā ℥ iv Rad. Galing . in Marmor . contus . ʒii . servetur in Vitro occluso . The purging Pills were taken four at first , and were repeated once in eight or nine days , in a morning early , observing a Physical Diet. That day put on the Plaster for the Spleen , of Empl. Cicut . cum Ammoniac . The next day after cut a Vein in the Foot , and take away six or seven ounces of Blood. Once every day , except she purge or bleed , take in the morning , and four in the afternoon , four little Pills of the opening Mass , walking for half an hour after , and then drink a Wine-glass , or about seven or eight spoonfuls of the Chalybiat Wine , and exercise moderately again . Observe a good Diet , rise early in the morning , exercise much , and eat little suppers . These were observed with success . COUNS. XLVIII . Deafness . FOr Deafness by Dr. Willis for Mrs. Heath , Attendant to the Right Honourable the Lady Katharine Brook , was prescribed what follows : ℞ Pil. Coch. ʒiss . Resin . Jalap . gr . viii . Syr. Ros. sol . q. s. f. Pil. N. xii . To be taken four at bed-time . ℞ Sack ℥ ii . Honey of Rosesʒiii . Make an Injection , to be cast into the Ears gently twice a day . If these succeed not , drop in four or five drops of the dropping of Ash-wood burnt in the Fire , with black Wooll , and a little Civet , apply a blistering Plaster behind the Ear. Take the Pills every tenth day . COUNS. XLIX . Courses and Whites . Mrs. Martin , Woman to an honourable Lady , troubled with the Whites and Courses , had by Doctor Willis appointed as follows : ℞ Pul. Sanct. ℥ ss . Rhabarb . gr . xxiv . Crem . Tart. gr . xv . M. f. Pul. This was taken in a draught of Posset-drink . Next day bleed at the Foot four or five ounces . A week or ten days after she purged again every day . Besides she took of the following Juices four or five spoonfuls in the morning , and at four in the afternoon , in small Ale or Beer , Take Leaves of Brook-lime , Dandelion , Plantain , each M iv . beat them , and press out the Juice . If these avail not , take for three weeks together of the next Pouder , as much as will lie on half a Crown , in a draught of Posset-drink , wherein is boiled the roots of stinging Nettles . Take the pouder of Madder roots ℥ i. red Sandersʒii . Sugar of Roses ℥ ss . mix them , and make a Pouder . COUNS. L. Belly-Pain . FOr a Pain in the Belly that a Gentlewoman had , by the same Doctor , who prescribed as follows : ℞ Rhabarb . pul . ℈ ii . Resin . Jalap . gr . viii . Tartar. Vitriol . ℈ ss . f. Pul. to be divided into two equal parts . Take Winters-barkʒij . Bishopweed seedʒi . Rinds of Orange and Limon poudered , eachʒiss . Species of the three Sandersʒj . Pouder of Aron rootʒii . Steel prepared with Brimstone ℥ iss . Salt of Steelʒss . Sugar-candy ℥ iss . Of all make a pouder . ℞ Emplast . de Cummin . ℥ ss . Galb . solut . ʒii . f. Emp. pro regione Vmbilic . Take one of the papers of the purging Pouder in the morning , in a spoonful of Gruel , observing a Physical Diet for that day . Nine or ten days after take the other Paper . Every morning besides take of the other Pouder as much as will lie on a Six-pence , stirring after it for an hour , then drink a draught of Beer wherein Centaury hath been boiled , or else a little Wormwood-wine . Apply the Plaster to the Navil , and wear it constantly . For ordinary Drink , bottle up some middling Drink , that is clear and mild , putting into each Bottle ten leaves of Scurvy-grass , and a little Orange Peel . COUNS. LI. Deafness . FOr a noble Person deafish , by the said Doctor was prescribed : Take Assa Foetida dissolved in Spirit of Wine in a Brass Ladle , add to it Castor in pouder , and Cummin-seeds , eachʒss . Saffron in pouder ℈ i. stir them well altogether till well mixed , adding a little Oil of bitter Almonds , to malax it . Make a Mass , take a bit of it at a time , and form it so as that it may be put into the hollow of the Ear a prety way ; let it abide there for three days and night , and if it be not troublesom , continue it longer : when it is taken out , put in some black Wooll in its stead , with Oil of bitter Almonds . Note , the Assa Foetida , &c. is to be tied up in a fine Sarcenet , and so put in , and fastened about the Ear , that so it may be taken out again . COUNS. LII . Ague . FOr a Tertian Ague , by Dr. Barksdale to a Gentleman , was appointed what follows : ℞ Fol. Sen. ʒii . Agarick Troch . ℈ iv . Rhab. ʒi . Flor. Cham. p. vi . Sambuc . p. iiij . Sem. Card. ben . ʒii . Citri N. xii . Sumit . Absynth . Centaur . ā p. iii. coq . in Liquor . poscet . lb ss. till a third part be wasted , after strain it . Of which take one third part two hours before the Fit , a second part an hour before , and the third part in the beginning of the Fit , for three Fits ; which cured . The Pouder of Laurel leaves , as much as will lie on a shilling , taken in a quarter of a Pint of Aniseed Water , before the Fit , hath cured . COUNS. LIII . Tertian Ague . FOr a Tertian Ague , for a Gentlewoman , by Dr. Willis : If apt to vomit , take a Vomit of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum ℥ i. Syrup of the five rootsʒvi . on the Fit-day . Otherwise take the Purge on the Well-day , which was this : ℞ Pul. Sanct. ℈ ii . Rhab. ℈ i. Sal. Absynth . ℈ ss . Vin. alb . Aq. Cichor . ā ℥ ii . Syr. Ros. solut . ℥ ss . Misc. Keep due Order after . Two hours before the Fit , take the next Pouder , in a draught of White-wine made hot , and let her put her self in a sweat : Take Gentian root in pouderʒss . Salt of Wormwood ℈ i. Allum ℈ ss . make a Pouder . Also two hours before the Fit , apply to the Wrists the following Plaster : Take Hops , Bay salt , and Currants , each M i. and beat them for Plasters . COUNS. LIV. Deafness . BY the said Doctor , for another Person , which cured a Deafness of two months continuance : ℞ Pil. Luc. maj . ʒiss . Resin . Jalap . gr . viij . cum Syr. Staechad . q. s. f. Pil. N. xii . There are four to be given for a Dose at bed-time , every other , or every two days . After the hair was shaved from the Coronal Suture , which part was oft anointed with the next : ℞ Aq. Vit. ℥ iii. Sal. Nitri puris . ʒii . Ol. Amygd . amar . ℥ i. bul . omnia ad consumpt . Spir. Vin. & add . Aq. Nymphae ℥ i. then beat them well with a Spatula , till they be reduced to the confistence of a Liniment . With which anoint once a day , especially at night , at bed-time . In the morning , an hour after the Passages of the Brain are cleansed , as the Ears and Nose , then chew some Mastich . The next hath proved excellent , and was communicated to a Person of Honour , which I thought good to affix here : Take Civet gr . ii . Burgundy Pitch the quantity of a great Pea , as much white Hellebore in fine pouder as will make them into a stiff Paste , work them well in your hands , and make it in form of a Clove : Tie it up in a Sarcenet , put it into the Ear , leave the string to go about the Ear ; take it out , and wipe it , and put it in again . Proved . If deafness be from the stoppage of the Ear , then first inject White-wine warm , mixed with a little Spirit or Tinct . of Castor . COUNS. LV. Agues . AN Advice given me by an able Physician , for cure of Agues : Take Centaury , Borage , Betony , each M iii. Fumitory M i. Ivy-berries lb i . mix them , and chop them finely together , and put them into a fair Glass Body , with ℥ xx of White-wine ; distil with as gentle a Fire as possible , till all the Water be come over . Which keep in a Glass well stopped . It will be better , if set in B. M. or in Horse-dung , for eight or ten days before it be stilled . The Dose for a Quotidian is seven or eight spoonfuls , before the Fit , the Party keeping bed , and sweating two or three hours : if they drink , give them clear Posset-drink , with two or three spoonfuls of the Water . If you give it for a Quartan , purge the Patient two or three days before , with a Decoction of Sena , Salt of Tartar , Coriander seeds , and Liquoris , first boiling the Sena and Salt gently , and after infuse the rest in the Decoction : Then in the first day of the Intermission , give eight or ten spoonfuls , or more or less , according to Age , Sex , or Strength ; which continue three or four days , and you will seldom fail of desired success . If with the use of the foresaid Remedies , you apply to the Wrists the following Plaster : Take the pouder of Briony or Hellebore roots , put to it half so much Wheaten Flower , boyl them to a Paltess with Milk. Which apply to the Wrists for four days . He said in Quotidians and Tertians it never failed . COUNS. LVI . Scurvy . FOr Mr. Alisbury , by Dr. Willis , for a Scorbutic Atrophy , with Loosness , was ordered as follows : ℞ Rhabarb incis . ʒiss . Cortic. Mirab. Citr . ʒi . Sant . Citr . ℈ i. Sal. Absyn . ℈ ss . incis . & contus . infund . t●pide in Aq. Plant. & Ros. rub . ā ℥ iiss . Vin. alb . ℥ iss . Col. clarif . ℥ iv . add . Syr. è Ros. sicc . ʒvi . M. f. Pot. Which was taken the next morning , with due ordering . Take Conserves of Roman Wormwood ℥ iv . of Scurvy-grass ℥ ii . Species of the three Sandersʒii . Crocus Martis , Aloe-wood , and Pouder of Ivory , āʒj . Ash seedsʒiss . Salts of Wormwood and Scurvy-grass , āʒi . with Syrup of of Citron Peels , make an Electuary . ℞ Rhab. opt . pul . ʒi . Cortic , citri Myrabol . Santal . Citrin . pul . ā ℈ i. Sal. Absynth . ʒss . Cinam . ℈ i. Syr. Cichor . cum Rhab. f. Mas. forment . in Pil. N. xij . But before the former Prescriptions , was taken the following Electuary , and Drink was used : Take Conserves of red Roses vitriolated ℥ iv . of Wood-sorrel ●ii . Species of the three Sanders , Diarrhodon Abbatis , eachʒi . poudered Ivory , prepared Coral , Salt of Wormwood , eachʒss . with sufficient Syrup of Coral make an Electuary . Take the shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , and China sliced , eachʒiii . red Sandersʒi . Tormentil roots cutʒii . leaves of Agrimony , Harts-tongue , each M ii . Currants ℥ ii . boyl them in Fountain water lb iv . till a third part be wasted ; add Rose-vinegar ℥ iv . strain it into a Pot , wherein is put leaves of Scurvy-grass , Brook-lime , and Water-cresses , each M i. red Roses M ss . the rind of an Orange ; let them be well stopped , and infuse warm for four hours ; after cold , strain it , and keep it in a close Vessel . Of it take ℥ iv at six in the morning , and at four in the afternoon ; to the last add Syrup of the Juyce of Plantain . After the taking of these for some time he then began with the purging Potion , which he took in a morning . The night following , as also every night and morning , except when the purging Medicines were taken , take of the Electuary the quantity of a Nutmeg first and last ; so the former Electuary was to be taken . At eight in the morning , and four in the afternoon , take of the Drink , or at any other time when dry , framed of Scurvy-grass , Horse-raddish , &c. Once in five or six days take five of the Pills betimes in the morning . If the Loosness continue a week , eat and drink nothing but Milk thus ordered : Set it on the Fire , and as fast as the Scum rises , cast it off . Of this drink a draught morning and night sweetned with Sugar of Roses ; at dinner eat it with bread , being first scummed ; sometimes when scummed , boil Water-cresses therein for a while , and so eat and drink it . Take Brook-lime and Water-cresses , each M iv . Clary , Agrimony , each M ii . the cut Peels of four Oranges and four Limons , red Sanders , Cinamon , Winters-bark , each ℥ i. Snails in the shell washed , dried , and bruised lb iss . chop the Herbs and Snails , and mix all together , having been duly prepared , and put to them six pints of good Cider , or White-wine Posset-drink , and still them in a common Still , mixing the first and last together . Of this take ten or twelve spoonfuls every morning , four in the afternoon , and at night , continuing the use of the Pills and Electuary , as before . Afterward in a quartof the foresaid Water infuse ℥ ss of Crocus Martis astringent . Also a Mass of Pills was made thus : ℞ Rhab. tost . & pul . ʒiii . Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . ʒi . Croc. Martis astringent . ʒiss . Syr. è Coral . q. s. form . Pil. 6 exʒi . And so many were taken for three nights and mornings . There was also used some Elix . Tartar. in the foresaid Water , and at last was used this : ℞ Conserves of Roman Wormwood , Scurvy-grass , and Orange Peels , each ℥ ii . Species Diarrhod . Abbat . ʒii . Aloe-wood , red Sanders in pouder , each ℥ i. prepared Coral ℥ i. with sufficient Syrup of Coral make an Electuary . This was taken at eight in the morning , and four in the afternoon , to the quantity of a Nutmeg , drinking after it six or eight spoonfuls of the distilled Water . Late at night , and very early in the morning , take of the Elixir ten or twelve drops in the foresaid Water . With the Water he also took the next Lozenges : Take Winters-bark pouderedʒii . Ivoryʒi . Species of the three Sandersʒi . Bark of Tamaris , and Ash-seed shell'd , eachʒi . make of all a most fine pouder ; after take the whitest Sugar dissolved in Balm water , and boiled to a Candy height ●vi . Oil of Juniper six drops . And make according to art Tablets , each weighing ʒss . COUNS. LVII . Scurvy . FOr Mr. Alisbury's Wife , also labouring of the Scurvy , by the said Doctor , had the following prescribed : ℞ Pil. Stomach . cum Gum. ʒss . Resin . Jalap . gr . iiij . cum s. q. Syr. Ros. sol . f. Pil. N. 4. Take them in the morning with fit ordering . ℞ Elixir Proprietat . ℥ ss . to be taken every morning ten or twelve drops in a spoonful of the following Julep , drinking at the same time of it ℥ iss . ℞ Aq. Limac. ℥ viii . Lumbric . ℥ iv . Cochlear . Syr. ℥ vi . Sacch . Cand. ℥ jss . Misc. She was to drink of her Husband's Drink , as also of his distilled Water . To her Belly was applied this : ℞ Emplast . de Minio Hysteric . ā ℥ i. Misc. It was spread upon Leather , which was eight inches over . If there be no right Crocus Martis astringent . to be had , then take Salt of Steel , and calcine it in a Crucible , or Fire-shovel , and take a third part of it . COUNS. LVIII . Pain in the Stomach . FOr an honourable Lady , for pain in her Stomach , by the same Doctor , was prescribed : ℞ Elixir Tart. ℥ i. Of this her Ladyship took eight drops in a spoonful of the following Water , drink after six or eight spoonfuls of the same , which was done for a fortnight or three weeks together : Take Wormwood , Carduus , Chamomel , Spear-mint , Balm , each M ii . chop them small , and put thereto a pottle of new Milk , and distil it in a common Still , and draw off about three pints , and sweeten it as you please . The Doctor was pleased to acquaint me , he made the Elixir of Tartar thus : Take Salt of Tartar , as much as you will , flux it in a Crucible till it is blew , then pour it into a Silver Porringer ; when it is cold , pouder it , and put it into a Bolt-head , pour upon it rectified Spirit of Wine , to be above the Salt an hands-breadth , stop it close , and set it into a Furnace of sand for four or five days , to be very hot . But this I never assayed to prepare , nor the former Crocus Martis astringentis . COUNS. LIX . Convulsion . FOr the Right Honourable , the Lord Robert Brook's Son , Mr. John Grivil , for Convulsion-Fits , by Dr. Willis , June 21. 1666. had the following ordered : First blister his Neck well , give him of the Pouder as much as will lie on two-pence , in a spoonful of the Julep , repeating it every six or eight hours , after it give a spoonful more of the same . Let him have of Milk and Sugar every day ; keep him to a thin Diet. The Pouder , Take roots and seeds of Male-piony , eachʒi . Pearl prep . ʒss . Mans Scull prepared ℈ ii . Sugar of Pearlʒi . mix , and make a pouder of them . The Julep , Take black Cherry water ℥ iii. Langius water against the Falling-Sickness ℥ i. Syrup of the Flowers of Male-Piony , and of Coral , eachʒiii . mix them for a Julep . June 29. Further Directions . Before every Change and Full of the Moon , give of the Julep and Pouder four or five grains morning and night , four or five days together . At the same time let the Nurse which suckles it , take night and morning a draught of Posset-drink , wherein boil of Piony seeds and roots , eachʒj . sweet Fennel seedsʒii . Misletoe M ss . boil them in a pint and half of Posset-drink , to serve for twice . In case the Child should have Fits again , give of the Pouder a double quantity , and repeat it every eighth hour , and give it Spirit of Harts-horn twice in twenty four hours one or two drops . At the first appearance of any Fit , raise a Blister in his Neck , and whilst he continues indisposed give him a Clyster every day , and all that time let the Nurse be kept to a Diet of Gruel , Panado , and thin Broth , boil in them a bundle of sweet Herbs , viz. Rosemary , Time , Winter-Savory , and sweet Marjorum . Let the following bag be worn about the Childs Neck , and worn constantly , so that it may lie on the mouth of the Stomach . Take Elk-claw , roots of Male-Piony , and its seeds , eachʒss . make a Pouder , and put it into a Sarsenet bag , and baste it . Other Directions for the same Child . Let a Nurse be got that hath new Milk , and let the Child suck her three or four days . If you see him still subject to Fits , and to be heavy and oppressed in the Spirits , apply a Leech to each Jugular Vein , take away an ounce of blood from each side , be careful to stop it presently , for it will be apt to bleed very much . Apply the following Cataplasm to the Feet , renew it morning and night , lay them on warm : Take Rue M iiii . Misletoe if to be had M ss . stamp them very well in a Mortar , add to it Bay-salt Mss. and as much Soap as a Pullets egg , and Oil of Scorpions so much as to malax it . If the Child should be free from his Fits , leave off the Pouder and Julep , but continue the Spirit of Harts-horn , giving with it night and morning three spoonfuls of the distilled Water following ; yet every Change and Full of the Moon give the other Medicines . Give his Medicines a prety distance from his sucking , and especially give him before and presently after his sleeping . The distilled Water , Take a pint and half of Snails in their shells , washed , and dried with a Cloth , of Misletoe , Rue , Penyroyal , Betony , Rosemary , each M ii . Male-Piony roots M iv . chop these altogether , and put to them six pints of Cider Posset-drink , and distil it in a common Still , but first and last together . He having also a Cough , he took of this three spoonfuls , night morning , with Sugar-candy . July 14. came the following . If he begin to loath his Medicines , leave them off for a while , and take only the Pouder and Julep , new and full Moon . Let the Nurse instead of him , take the distilled Water morning and night , six or seven spoonfuls ; in the first spoonful let her take as much of the next Pouder as will lie on a shilling , and the rest after : Take seeds of Anis , Carraway , sweet Fennel , each ℥ i. root of Male-Pionyʒvi . Liquorisʒii . Sugar-candy ℥ i. Make a Pouder , or else make the Pouder into an Electuary , with Lohoch . Sanum & expertum , and take the quantity of a Nutmeg . This may do the Child as much good for his Cough as if he took it himself . The Child's Diet may be Chicken , &c. only let him not suck of an hour or two before nor after . COUNS. LX. Extreme Cough . FOr the Right Honourable , the Ludy Katharine Brook , for an extreme Cough , like to a Chin-cough , by Dr. Willis , was the following Directions : First let her Ladiship keep a slender Diet , as Gruel , Panado , and thin Broth , with opening roots boiled therein ; no Flesh , especially if her Water be high , and turned thick . Morning and afternoon take a draught of this Decoction : Take roots of Scorsonera and Chervil , each ℥ i. Chinaʒiij . Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , eachʒiss . Leaves of Maiden-hair , Harts tongue , each M i. Jujubes , Sebestens , each par . ii . Raisins stoned 12. one Apple , Liquorisʒiii . cut and bruise them , and boyl them in two quarts of Water till a third part be wasted , reserve the strained Liquor in a Glass well stopped . Put into each draught ℈ ss or ℈ i of Sal. Prunella , if she can away with the taste of it ; otherwise put in ʒii of Syrup of Violets . Every second or third morning put into a draught of the Decoction a spoonful or two of Syr. August . or else squeeze in a draught of it Rubarb ℈ i or ℈ ii . tied up in a thin linnen rag , and dip it in five or six times , and so press it : Every morning and night take Spirit of Harts-horn from ten drops to fifteen . This hath been of singular use to most people . Her Honour is to have the following Lambative to open her Breast , and to spit the more easily . Take Take the Pulp of Althea roots boyled in Barly water , and pulp'd through a Seive , ℥ iss . Pulp of Elicampana roots ℥ ss . Liquoris in pouderʒi . Sugar-candy ℥ i. Syrup of Maiden-hair ℥ ii . Mix them , and take it with a Liquoris stick . Or , Take Oil of sweet Almonds new drawn ℥ iss . Sugar-candy ℥ i. Syrup of Jujubs ℥ iss . Mix them , and take it as the other . Her Issue is to be kept open in her head . Apply a blistering Plaster to the Neck , another to the inside of the Thigh , just above the Knee . Letting Blood doth good to most People , therefore if her Ladyship's Cough continues , remove four or five ounces from the Foot , or use the Leeches . Continue the use of the Spirit of Harts-horn , and her Pectoral Drink . Besides , give her twice or thrice in twenty four hours , of the next Water , sweetned with Syrup of Violets : Take Hyssop M iv . Snails in their shells a pint ; chop them together , and put to them four pints of new Milk , and draw off from a common Still , with a gentle Fire , two pints . Prepare the following Lozenges to be taken often , against her tickling Cough : ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frig . rec . ʒiii . Pul. Liquor . Sem. Foenicul . dul . āʒss . Sal. Prunel . ʒi . Sacch . cand . solut . in Aq. Ros. & ad Tabul . coct . ℥ iv . S. A. f. Tabul . The Doctor coming May 16. 1666. that night I let her blood in the Foot. The 17th he prescribed what follows : Take Conserve of red Roses ℥ ii . Lohoch sanum & expertum ℥ ii . Species Diatragacanth . frigid . ʒiss . Species of Diaireos , Flower of Sulphur , eachʒi . with Syrup of Maiden-hair sufficient make a Lambative . ℞ Sem. Faenicul . d. Carv . Anis . āʒi . Spec. Diair . Diatrag. frigid . āʒiss . Flor. Sulph . ℈ i. Sacch . solut . in Decoct . Rad. Enul . q. s. ad Tabul . coct . ℥ vi . Ol. Anis . gut . vi . f. Tabul . To be oft held in her Mouth . Take Rubarb poudered gr . xxv . Oil of Nutmegs distilled 2 drops , Chio Turbentine , so much as will make a Mass for four Pills : Which she took the next morning . Take white and yellow Sanders , eachʒi . shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , eachʒii . Leaves of Maiden-hair , Harts-tongue , Coltsfoot , Speedwel , all dry , each M i. Roots of Chervil ℥ i. Seeds of sweet Fennel , and Coriander , eachʒii . Liquorisʒiii . Raisins ℥ ii . boyl them in Spring water at a quick Fire , ●ill a third part be wasted ; strain it , and put it immediately into a Pot. Her Honour took this as the former , so her Cough removed . COUNS. LXI . Scurvy . FOr her Honour , by Dr. Willis , for the Scurvy , who came to her , May 31. 66. for which he appointed as follows . If Whey will agree with your Ladyship's Stomach , take every morning a good quantity of Whey thus prepared : Take Brook-lime and Scurvy-grass , each M i. put it into a Tankard , with Whey lb iss , or lb ii. set it in Embers to be hot for one hour , then pour it from the Herbs , and drink of it two or three draughts , stirring after it . Or else distil the following , and take of it night and morning ℥ iv . sweetned with Syrup of Violets , or Syrup of the Juice of Brook-lime : Take Fumitory , Brook-lime , each M iv . Scurvy-grass M ii . Crums of two Penny white-Loaves ; chop the Herbs , and mix them with the Bread ; put to them three quarts of new Milk , and distil them in a common Still . Put the Waters all together . ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frig . Sal. Prunel . āʒiss . Nuc. Mosch . Liquor . pul . āʒss . Tereb . Venet. q. s. f. Mass. Of this she was to take three little Pills at night for a week together , repeating them every month or two . COUNS. XLII . Cough . FOr my self , by Dr. Willis , being troubled with the like Cough as her Honour , and at the same time , for which he ordered me what follows . I then attending upon her Ladyship , who was not willing to be without me , both as to see all her Prescripts done , so also give them to her . The Doctor taking notice of my Ilness and Weakness , acquainted her Honour , if I did not forbear that attendance , and betake my self to my Chamber at home , it might hazard my Life ; upon which her Honour unwillingly dismissed me . In the mean time whilst I was with her , I had the liberty to take some of those things ordered for her Ladyship , who I may say was very tender of me , always allowing me more favour than I deserved . The 17th of May , 1666. I bled with Leeches to ℥ vi . being weak , he advised me to forbear bleeding in the Arm. The following Pectoral Decoction I took for several days : ℞ China roots slicedʒiii . Sarsaparilla ℥ i. white and yellow Sandersʒi . shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn ʒiii . being cut and bruised , was infused in three quarts of Spring-water for a night , warm , and after boiled till the third part was wasted , adding leaves of Agrimony , Maiden-hair , Coltsfoot , Harts-tongue , each M i. Raisins ℥ i. Liquoris ℥ ss . after sometime boyling , strain it , and drink of it night and morning . I also by his Order took the common Pectoral Decoction . With the use of these I took of this Lincture : Take the Syrup of the Juice of Ground-Ivy ℥ iv . Flower of Sulphur ℈ i. For to purge , he prescribed this : Take the Linitive Electuary ℥ ss . Cream of Tartarʒss . mix them . Half of this I took , which gave me six stools . After some days I was afflicted with a great pain in my Side , which finding exceeding troublesom , I adventured to be let blood in the Arm , and took so much only as till I felt a little ease . Being more the next day , I bled again , and so the third day , till I had ease , which removed it . After I took a quarter of what was left of the Electuary , which gave me three Stools . My Cough still being troublesom , I took of the thick Balsam of Sulphur the quantity of a small Nut , in a spoonful of Syrup of Violets , at night , by which I found much advantage , and with which I have cured very desperate Coughs . And in the mornings I took Spirit of Harts horn in my Ladies Snail-water , with Syrup of Viol●ts . After some time I took every night and morning a spoonful of Syrup of Sulphur , which the Doctor himself gave me Directions how to make , sending me the prepared Sulphur from Oxford . He also appointed me the following : ℞ Spec. Diatrag. frigid . ʒii . Pul. Sem. Anis . Carvi . ●oenicul . d●d Liquor , Flo. Sulph . āʒss . Sacch . cand . solut . in Aq. Lumbric . & Tabul . coct . ℥ vi s. a. f. Tab. Instead he told me Slices of Liquoris were admirable , without which he never went himself , when he had a Cough , and continually chewed them . He also appointed the next : Take leaves of Jerusalem Oak , Hyssop , Ground-Ivy , Coltsfoot , each M iii. Snails cleansed lb iss . Seeds of Anis and Fennel bruised , each ℥ i. shred the Herbs , and bruise the Seeds , and pour upon all White-wine Posset-drink two quarts ; distil them in a common Still , and I was to drink of it ℥ iv . with Syrup of Violets . The Doctor being again sent for to Warwick-Castle , to her Honour ; he was pleased , hearing I was alive , to come to see me , and finding me up and walking in my Chamber , he took me by the hand with great gladness , and told me he much rejoiced to see me alive , telling me , when he last left me he gave me up for dead , and asked me , what Course I took for my recovery ? I told him , I followed his Directions exactly , only as to the quantity of the Purge , knowing my Body was very easy to work on , and finding a Pain on my right side , contrary to his advice , I was necessitated to bleed in the Arm. He told me , I had done very well in it . I heartily thanked him , as for this last , so for all his Favours ; and so we parted . COUNS. LXIII . Scurvy , and spitting of Blood. FOr the Scurvy , with spitting of Blood , for Mr. Treble , Minister at Tatchbrook , by Dr. Willis was prescribed the following : Take Conserve of Brook-lime ( new , only made with equal parts of Sugar ) ℥ iv . of red Roses vitriolated ℥ ii . Species of Diarrhod . Abbatis , and of the three Sanders , each ʒi . burnt Harts-horn ʒiss . Coral prepared ʒj . Lucatella's Balsam ʒij . with sufficient Syrup of Coral make an Electuary . This is to be taken every morning and at four in the afternoon the quantity of a Nutmeg , or more ; after which drink a quarter of a pint , or near half a pint of the following Drink , warm : Take Roots of Bur , Fennel , Parsly , each as much as two Fingers ; Maiden-hair , Harts-tongue , Agrimony , each M i. sweet Fennel seeds a spoonful ; Raisins ℥ iiii . red and yellow Sanders , each ʒi . boyl them in two quarts of Spring-water , till a third part be wasted ; put to it a quarter of a pint of Claret-wine , then strain it into a Stein-Pot , wherein put before Scurvy-grass , Brook-lime , Plantain bruised , each M i. stop it close , and let it stand for three hours to infuse ; strain it , and keep it in Bottles for use . Aply blistering Plasters to each Thigh , a little above the Knee . Take a Clifter every day you are no●●●ose . If your spi●ting of Blood continue , take two or three times a day two spoonfuls of the next Juices , in what Liquor you please . Take stinging Nettles , Brook-lime , each M iii. stamp them , and strain out the Juices . When you go abroad , and your spitting blood is gone , follow the ensuing Directions : Take of the Spirit of Harts-horn ten drops every night , last , and early in the morning , in a spoonful of good Sack , and take a spoonful more after . Take of the following opening Pills four , the bigness of a small Pea , every morning , and four in the afternoon , drinking after ten or twelve spoonfuls of the next Liquor to the Pills , exercising after for an hour . The opening Pills : ℞ Pul. Rad. Ari. Cortic. Winteran . Rad. Angelic . āʒii . Troch . de Rhab. de Cappar . āʒi . Spec. Diatrion . Santal . ℈ ii . Ocul . Canc. pul . ʒiss . Sal. Absynth . Cochlear . āʒi . Sal. Chalyb . ℈ ii . Bals. Peru. ℈ i. Syr. è Cortic . Citr . q. s. f. Mass. pro Pil. The Liquor to be taken after the Pills , Take Scurvy-grass , Brook lime , Water-cresses , each M ii . the outward Peels of two Oranges pared off thin ; long Pepper beat small ʒi . stamp all these together , and put them into a Stone Jug-pot , put to them either a quart of Sack or White-wine ; stop it up close , and let it stand twenty four hours ; then strain it out hard , and put it into Bottles , and stop them close . Of the easy purging Pills take four once in eight or nine days , early in a morning , keeping a Physical Diet that day , omitting other Medicines except the Spirit of Harts-horn at night . ℞ Pil. Stomach cum Gum. ʒiss . Tartar. Vitriol . ℈ i. Ol. Absynth . gut . iiij . cum q. s. Syr. Ros. sol . f. Pil. N. xii . For ordinary drinking , make this : Take middling Wort four or five gallons , boyl therein of Ling M iv . instead of Hops ; after it hath done working , hang in a Bag of Scurvy-grass leaves M iv . Dock roots dried and slieed ℥ viii . the Rinds of four Oranges , and of Winters-bark ℥ ss . Tap it at a weeks end , make one Vessel under another ; observe a good Diet , use much exercise . After was prescribed what follow : Take Conserves of Scurvy-grass , Fumitory , Tansey , each ℥ ii . Winters-back poudered ʒij . Species of the three Sanders ʒiss . Salt of Wormwood ʒii . Pouder of Root Aron ʒiss . Crabs eyes ʒi . Juice of Oranges , as much as will make an Electuary . Take twice a day the quantity of a Nutmeg , drinking upon it five or six ounces of the following : Take fresh Polipody roots , Dock roots , each ℥ i. shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each ℥ ss . roots of Calamus Aromaticus , Florentine , Oris , each ℥ iii. Leaves of Agrimony , Ground-pine , and Raisins , each M i. yellow and white Sanders , each ʒi . shred , slice , and bruise them , and boyl them in three quarts of Spring-water , till a third part be wasted ; strain it into an earthen Steine Pot , in which let there be of Scurvy-grass M ii . Orange Peels ℥ ss . Let them infuse warm for six hours , well stopt ; after cold , strain it for use . COUNS. LXIV . Mother . FOr Hysteric Fits , at several times , for an honourable Lady , by Dr. Willis , was prescribed what follows : Take of the Waters of Mugwort , Penyroyal , Rhue , each ℥ iii. compound Briony water , and of Treacle , each ℥ i. Castor tied in Sarcenet , and hung in the Glass , ʒss . make a Julep . Of which she was to take five or six spoonfuls morning and night . Take of the Hysteric Plaster , Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar , each equal parts , sufficient to be spread upon Leather , to apply to the region of the Navil . If the Hysteric Julep do not remove the Fits , then in the first spoonful of the Julep take ten or twelve drops of Spirit of Harts-horn . These were effectual . At another time by the same Doctor was ordered as follows : Take Waters of Peny-royal , Mugwort , each ℥ iv . of Balm ℥ ii . Waters of compound Briony and Treacle , each ℥ i. Syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers ℥ ii . the same quantity of the Castor , as in the former Julep . The like quantity was taken thrice in twenty four hours , and at any time else , if faint or ill . Soon at night she took the Cordial Bole , and drank some of the Julep after it : Take Diascordium ℈ ii . Conserve of Clove-gilly-flowersʒss . Saffron gr . ii . Syrup of red Poppies , sufficient to to make an Opiat . Let her Diet be only thin Caudle , or Gruel of Oatmeal or Barly , boil in them a Sprig of Peny-royal , to quench her Ladyship's thirst . If there be need let her sometimes take a draught of the next Emulsion : Take candied Eringoʒvi . Scorzonery roots ℥ ss . Ivory , Harts-horn , ●achʒiii . two Sprigs of Balm , and one of Mugwort , Raisins 12. slit , boil them in three pints of Water till a pint be wasted ; strain it on twelve Almonds blanched and bruised . At another time , by the same Doctor , when with the Vapors there was want of sleep , was ordered the next : Take Waters of Mugwart , and Peny-royal , each ℥ iv . of Rue , and compound Briony , each ℥ ii . whitest Sugar , and Tincture of Castor , each ℥ ss . make a Julep . This was taken every morning , and at other times when faint or ill . Take Conserves of Violets , and of Mullen flowers , driven through a Seive , each ℥ iss . Pearls in pouderʒi . Diascordiumʒiss . Syrup of red Poppies , sufficient to make an Opiat . Of this was taken every night the quantity of a Nutmeg , drinking four spoonfuls of the Julep after it . COUNS. LXV . Pain in the Side . Mrs. Allen Course , for a Pain of the Side , from a Scorbutic Humor , by Dr. Willis . As soon as you come to London , drink Barnet Water , which continue for fourteen days , omitting two or three days in a week ; with them take the next Confection very early in the morning , and at four in the afternoon , each time the quantity of a Nutmeg : ℞ Pul. Ari. compos . ℥ jss . Spec. Diatrion . Santal . Aromat . Ros. āʒii . Pul. Ebor. ʒiss . Oc. Cancr . ʒii . Sal. Prunel . Absynth . āʒiss . Flavid . Aurant . condit . ℥ iii. simul contund . in Pul. adde Sacch . alb . solut . in Aq. Lumbric . ℥ iv . f. Confect . During this time , apply to the Side , after fomented with Milk wherein Chamonnel is boiled , the following Ointment , warm it , and chafe it in , and after with it besmear a double brown Paper , and apply warm : ℞ Vnguent . Splanchni ℥ ii . Ol. Chamom . ℥ iss . Vnguent . è Flor. Aurant . ℥ ss . Misc. make an Ointment . After the Waters , purge twice or thrice , some four or five days betwixt , and towards Michaelmas once a week , with the next : ℞ Pil. Stomach . cum Gum. ʒii . Resin . Jalap . ℈ i. Tartar. Vitriol . gr . xxiv . Ammoniac solut . in Aq. Lumbric . q. s. f. Pil. N o xvi . On every day besides take the Electuary , every morning and night the quantity of a Nutmeg , taking ten spoonfuls of the distilled Water after it ; and if you are not well the first or second purging , use the Leeches , and bleed six or eight ounces . Take Conserves of Fumitory , Wormwood , Brook lime , each ℥ ii . Winters-barkʒii . Angelic rootʒi . Spec. Diarrhod . Abbat . ʒi . Pouder of Crabs eyesʒi . Salt of Wormwoodʒj . with sufficient Syrup of Citron Peels make an Electuary . The distilled Water : Take leaves of Wormwood , both the Southernwoods , Tansey , Scurvy-grass , Brook-lime , Water-cresses , each M ii . Briony root ℥ vi . Horse-radish roots ℥ ii . Coriander seed , and Juniper berries , each ℥ iii. shred and bruise them , and pour upon them White-wine Posset-drink three quarts . Distil them in a cold Still , and keep them for use . COUNS. LXVI . Mother . FOr the Right Honourable , the Lady Katherine Brook , for Hysteric Vapours , which did much afflict the Head and Neck , by Dr. Bates , and others . Sept. 12. 1666. was prescribed what follows : ℞ Pil. de Succin . de Ammoniac . & Tart. Quer. ā ℈ iv . Lign . Aloes ℈ i. Pil. Faetid . maj . ʒss . Castor ℈ ss . Bals. Peru. q. s. f. Pil. 6. exʒi . Take ℈ i every morning , as soon as day appears , for four , five , or six days ; after add Salt of Steel , and take them after the same manner . ℞ Castor ℈ i. Galbanum prepared with the Tincture of Castorʒi . yellow Amber , Aloe-wood , eachʒi . Oil of Amber ℈ i. Syrup of Piony sufficient to make Pills . Of these she was to take three or four twice a day in the morning , and hour of sleep . On vacant days , to these was added Steel prepared with Sulphur , and Troches of Cappars , eachʒi . and taken as before . Take Wood of Aloes ℥ iss . Guaiac . ℥ x. Sassafras ℥ i. Juniper berries ℥ iiii . Piony seeds bruised ℥ vi . Horse-radish root ℥ iv . Sage , Betony , Marjorum , each M iii. Rosemary flowers M ii . Species of Amber without Musk , tied up in Sarcenet ℥ ss . Raisins of the Sun stoned lb j . make a Bag for 6 or 7 gallons of Drink , and drink it constantly . Take Flowers of red Roses , Elder , each M i. Betony , Rosemary , Cowslips , each M ss . Hemp seed ℥ i. Juniper berries ℥ ii . Persia Nuts 12. 〈◊〉 ther● , and besprinkle them with Rose-vinegar , and boyl them in Cream lb iss . to the wasting of the Serum ; after strain them , and add Oil of Amberʒiss . and make an Ointment . The part of the Head pained being shaved , was anointed twice a day , by which she found much advantage . ℞ Vng. Nervin . ℥ ii . Ol. Succin . ℈ i. M. f. Vng. For the Neck , which was first to be fomented at night with compound Lavender water : ℞ Sem. Nigel . pul . ʒii . Succin . ʒi . irrogat . aliquot gut . Ol. Carv . & Acet . tied up in Nodula's to smell to . At the same time , by Dr. Gourdon , for the same Lady , was appointed as follows : Take compound Walnut water ℥ iss . simple Oxymel ℥ i. new Oil of sweet Almondsʒx . make a Draught . This she was to take first , after which half an hour she was to drink two or three quarts of Posset-drink , within the space of an hour . The next day let her begin her Pills . ℞ Pil. de Succin . ʒii . Ol. è Bacc. Junep . Chym. gut . ii . Troch . de Myrrh . gr . vi . M. f. Pil. N. xxiv . cap. 3 for a Dose , at the hour of sleep , every , or every other day ; for these she need not keep Chamber . The next morning she was to drink a draught of Posset-drink , wherein Sage , Rue , and Betony , was boiled . Anoint lightly every night the pained place of her Neck with Oil of Amber . After Supper she was to take the quantity of a Walnut of the Electuary . Take Conserves of the Flowers of Sage and Rosemary , each ℥ i. the Peels of Oranges , Nutmegs , Myrabolans , all candied , eachʒii . Species of Amberʒii . with sufficient Syrup of candied Nutmegs make an Electuary , adding Oil of Sage and Nutmegs distilled , each three drops . Observe , Oil of Amber hath been experienced in all pains , and begun Tumors . Oil of Juniper berries , three or four drops in a fit Liquor or Beer , is good in Vapors . COUNS. LXVII . Obstructions of the Mesentery , FOr the Right Honourable , Robert Lord Brook , for Obstructions of Mesentery-Glanduls , by Dr. Willis , &c. ℞ Extract . Ecphrac . sine Purg. ℥ ss . Troch . Absynth . ʒiii . Syr. de Absynth . q. s. M. f. Pil 6. of a dram . He was to take three in the morning , to exercise an hour after , and then to drink a draught of the next Water : Take Scurvy-grass , Water-cresses , Brook-lime , Wood Night shade , M viii . Wormwood M iii. Winters-bark bruised ℥ iiij . the Peels of four Oranges , Brunswick Beer two gallons ; distil them in a common Still till dry ; keep it for use . In all his Broths boil Roots of Scorzonery , shavings of Ivory , and leaves and roots of Strawberries . Take preserved Nutmegs , Conserves of common and Roman Wormwood , each ℥ jss . Spec. Diarrhod . ℥ ss . Species of the three Sandersʒii . Salt of Steelʒiss . Syrup of the Juice of Oranges sufficient to make an Electuary . Of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg at five in the afternoon , drink after it a draught of the former Water sweetned with Pearl Sugar . COUNS. LXVIII . Catarrh , and Vvula fallen . FOr a Right Honourable Lady troubled with a Catarrh , and Relaxation of the Vvula , by Dr. Willis , was prescribed for her what follows : Let her Ladyship every morning fume with the smoak of Amber , first receiving it to her whole Head , having a Canopy over it , and then take it into her Mouth with a Tunnel . To the top of her Honour's head , being shaved , apply the next Plaster : Take Betony Plaster ℥ ss . Caranna , Taccamahacca , eachʒii . Mix them , and make a Plaster to be spread on Leather , the bigness of the Palm of the hand , and lay it on . For a pouder to use to her Palat , Take long Pepper , Pomgranate peels , Sal. Prunel . each equal parts . Which use with the Uvula-spoon . If these avail not , let her Ladyship take constantly a Diet-drink framed of Saffafras , China , Sanders , and Sarsaparilla ; it is to be drunk for a week together . For the soreness of the Throat , Take leaves of Columbines M ii . white Pepperʒi . boyl them in Milk or Posset-drink lb ii. till half be wasted , and make a Gargarism . Which wash the Throat with , either with a Syringe , or by gargling in the Throat , and cast it out again . COUNS. LXIX . Vomiting and Loosness . THe foresaid Honourable Lady being troubled with Vomiting and Loosness , had by the foresaid Doctor ordered as follows : Take Conserve of Clove-gilly-flowers ℥ iii. Confection of Jacinthʒiss . Pearl pouderedʒi . Magistral of Coralʒss . with sufficient Syrup of Coral make an Electuary : To be taken first in the morning , at four in the afternoon , and at night , the quantity of a Nutmeg , taking four or five spoonfuls of this Julep : Take Waters of Balm ℥ vi . of Mint ℥ ii . cold cordial Water of Saxony ℥ jss . Syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers ℥ ii . make a Julep . Instead thereof , take the next Water , when still'd : ℞ tops of Cyprus , leaves of Balm , Agrimony , Brook lime , Speedwell , Calamints , each M ii . a ●apon half boiled and cut to pieces , the outward Peels of six Oranges , and four Limons , Cinamon bruised ℥ ss . white and yellow Sanders , eachʒiii . cut and beat them , and pour upon them Posset-drink , made either with Cider or Claret-wine , lb viii . draw the Water off from a Rose Still , and put it all together , to be taken after the Electuary , thrice a day . When she is weary of the Electuary , instead thereof take one or two of the next Lozenges at a time . The Water you may sweeten to your taste , ℞ Spec. de Hyacinth . Margarit . pul . āʒi . Aromatic . Rosar . Diarrhod . Abbat . āʒss . Cortic. Aurant . cond . ʒiii . Rad. Ering . condit . ʒii . simul pul . & contus . add . Sacch . albiss . solut . in Aq. Cinam . ad Tabul . coct . f. Tab. each weighing ʒss . To the region of the Stomach was applied the Magistral Stomach-Plaster , spred upon Leather ; and another little one was laid below the Navil , spred upon Leather , of equal parts of Hysteric Plaster , and Galbanum depurated . Her Diet was to be of thin Broth , Gellies , and Panado's . After her Ladyship is strong , and hath appetite , she may eat Flesh , as Rabbits , Poultry , Lamb , Veal , Murton . For her Throat being sore , Take Columbine leaves , tops of Bramble and Cyprus , and Sage , each M i. boyl them in Water wherein Iron hath been quenched lb iij . till lb i be wasted ; add Allumʒiss . Honey of Roses ℥ i. With which wash her Throat . If her Loosness and Vomiting should return , then after some time give a Clyster made of Milk , red Roses , hard Sugar , and Diascordium . Apply to the Pit of the Stomach a prety thick slice of white Bread tosted , dipped either in red Wine , or Claret warm , removing it , and applying fresh every two or three hours . At night she took the following : ℞ Laud. Opiat . gr . i. Marga● . pul . ℈ ss . Conserv . Ros. rub . ʒi . Misc. COUNS. LXX . Gout in the Stomach . MR. Combs sen. troubled with Gout in the Stomach , had ordered by Dr. Willis , as follows : Take Pouder of Contrayerva rootʒiss . leaves of Ground-pineʒiiss . Crabs eyesʒii . Salt Armoniac ʒi . Nutmegʒss . make all into a pouder , and with Venice Turbentine sufficient make a Mass for Pills . Of which take every night , and early in the morning three little Pills , and drink after them eight spoonfuls of the next distilled Water : Take leaves of Ground-ivy , roots and leaves of Avens , of Sage , Betony , Agrimony , Rosemary , Winter-Savory , Time , Balsome , each M ii . roots of Angelico , Master-wort , each ℥ iii. Berries of Juniper and Ivy , each ℥ iv . sweet Flag , Florentine , Orice , each ℥ ii . mix and beat them together , and pour upon them three quarts of White-wine ; distil it in a common Still , and sweeten it with Sugar . To the Region of the Stomach apply the Magistral Stomach-Plaster , spred on Leather , and wear it constantly . For ordinary Drink take the following : Boyl in five or six gallons of Ale-wort , instead of Hops , Ground-ivy M iv . When it hath done working , hang in the Vessel of Aven roots cleansed and sliced ℥ vi . After a week tap it . COUNS. LXXI . Lost Appetite . Mrs. Lacy of Warwick , for want of App●tite , had by Dr. Boles prescribed what follows : Take Oxymel of Squils , and Oxymel with Agarick , each ℥ iv . Saffron in pouder ℈ i. mix them . Of this she was to take in a morning every month , for six or eight days , till it was spent . At the close she was to take the next Pills : ℞ Pil. Ruffi . Hier. cu● Agaric . āʒss . Sal. Absynth . ℈ i. Misc. f. Pil. 8. The Dose was four , to be taken in a morning , with physical ordering . Once a month , or at pleasure , take ℥ ii of Oxymel of Squils , in ℥ vi of Carduus Posset-drink , if it should not provoke vomiting , the matter is not great . Take Cloves of Garlick peeled ℥ iv . boyl them till soft , changing the Water twice , pour the Water off , and put the Garlick into a Vessel , unto which put Syrup of Vinegar lb ss. stop it up close , and set it in a Skillet , with Hay under , and boyl it for half an hour . Of the Garlick she was to take four , five , or six every day , and also a spoonful or two of the Syrup . By this she had advantage , and he highly commended it in all Coughs and Worms . Take roots of Zedoary ℥ ss . Saffron ℈ i. Sugar ℥ iiss . of this make a Pouder : Of which she took a spoonful in warm Ale , once or twice a day . Take Aromatic . Rosarum ℥ ss . Sugar dissolved in Wormwood water ℥ iii. with which make Lozenges : Of which she took one or two every day . In all her Meals she was to eat shavings of Horse-radish roots , or at any time of the day . COUNS. LXXII . Hernia Carnosa . FOr a fleshy Rupture , by Dr. Barksdale , for a Gentleman , was ordered as follows : Take Lenitive Electuary ℥ ii . Venice Turbentineʒvi . the greater compound Sena pouderʒii . mix them , and make an Electuary , for six takings , twice a week . Take roots of Dwarf-Elder and Oris , each ʒii . boyl them in ℥ ii of the best Nerve Oil ; after strained , mix with it Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Vinegar of Squils , and make an Ointment ; to ℥ i of this add ʒiss of Vnguent . Artanit . with which the Rupture was anointed . The Electuary being all taken , once in three or four days he was to take the next : ℞ Merc. dulc . ℈ i. Spir. Tereb : & è Bacc. Juniper . ā gut . iii . Conserv . Flor. Malv . vel Viol. ʒii . f. Bol. The following Drink was also made : Take Sarsaparilla lb ss. slice and boyl it in lb xii of Water to lb viii . after add roots of Butchers-broom , of Chervil , Sparagus , and Winter-Savory , each ℥ iv . then boyl it to lb vi. strain , and mix it with Ale and Beer , each a gallon and half . After it is tunned up , in it hang a Bag with the following : Take Juniper berries , Sow-lice both bruised , each ℥ ii . Parsly seed ℥ iss . Liquoris shaved and bruised ℥ ii . Bean-stalk ashes ℥ iv . After ten days begin to drink of it , three quarters of a pint every morning , and so much in the afternoon , in both taking Pouder of Rest-harrow ʒi . The Doctor being acquainted with its greatness , did doubt the Cure , yet told me , that he had by this very Course found good success in those in whom it was not grown to any considerable higness . COUNS. LXXIII . Distillation . THe Right Honourable , Robert Lord Brook , troubled with a Scorbutic Distillation , had prescribed by Dr. Losse what follows : ℞ Pil. de Succin . Macri , Mastic . ā ℈ ii . Ol. Sassafr . Nuc. Mosc . ā gut . i. M. f. Pil. 12. To take three at bed-time , once or twice a week . Take Conserves of Roses ℥ i. preserved Nutmegʒi . Olibanumʒss . Species Aromat . Ros. ℈ ii . with sufficient Syrup of Violets make an Electuary : To be taken the quantity of a Nutmeg on those nights the Pills are not taken , or instead thereof take Storax ℈ ss . framed in a Pill . Take Nutmeg , and Gum Arabic , as much as you please , with Diacodium , and form small Troches , to hold under the Tongue at night . Take seeds of Grumwel and Anis , each ℥ ii . Sea salt ℥ i. Gith seedsʒii . make a pouder ; which put into a Bag , with which , being warm , gently rub the Head every morning . Take Gith seed , tie it in Sarsenet , and sprinkle it with Vinegar , to smell to often . Take Jujubs ℥ i. boil them in Spring water to lb i . add Syrups of Violets and Coltsfoot , each ℥ iss . Spirit of Sulphur 6 drops . Of this take every morning a good draught . Take Pulp of Marsh-mallow roots ʒss . Spec. Diatrag . frigid . ʒi . Liquoris ℈ i. Amber grease gr . ij . Sugar-candy ℥ iii. make Lozenges with the Mucilage of Gum-Dragon , to be used often . Take Coriander seed prepared ℥ ss . Seeds of Anis and sweet Fennel , each ʒii . dried Suckets ℥ ss . candied Orange peel ʒii . Tablets of Spec. Aromat . Rosar . ℥ ss . Sugar ℥ iii. make a gross Pouder . To be taken after meals , a spoonful to help digestion . COUNS. LXXIV . Itch. MR. Combs ( after Captain ) being troubled with a Scorbutic Itch , had by Dr. Willis prescribed what follows : Take Dock roots prepared , Polipody , each ℥ i. Sena ʒx . Rubarb ʒvi . English Rubarb ʒv . yellow Sanders ʒii . Salt of Wormwood and Scurvy-grass , each ʒi . cut and bruise them , and put them into a Glass , with Snail water , and White-wine , each lb ss. Stop the Vessel , and put it into a cold Cellar for twenty four hours ; of which drink every other morning ℥ vi , or more , according as it works . After he hath purged once or twice , take away Blood by Leeches ℥ vii or viij . Every day besides take of this Electuary in the morning , and four in the afternoon , the quantity of a Nutmeg , drinking after a draught of Posset-drink , wherein is boiled four or five slices of Dock root . ℞ Conser . Fumar. ℥ vi . Spec. Diatrion . Santal . Troch . de Rhabarb . āʒi . Ebor. pul . ʒiss . Sal. Prunel . Absynth . āʒi . cum Syr. Cichor . cum Rhab. q. s. f. Elect. Let his constant Drink be small Ale , clear and mild , bottle it up , and in every Bottle put three or four slices of dried Dock root . My thoughts are , Mr. Combs's Distemper will not easily remove ; if what I have prescribed do not cure him , I am confident the drinking of Astrop Waters will. Before these Directions came to hand , he drinking of the following Diet-drink , much like the purging Drink above , and using Lime water , wherein was boiled Elicampana roots , and Scurvy grass , he was prety well freed from his Itch. The Diet-drink : Take Polipody and Dock roots prepared , each ℥ iii. Sena ℥ iiiss . best Rubarb ℥ j. Hermodactils prepared ʒx . white and yellow Sanders , each ʒvi . Daucus seed ℥ i. cut and bruise them , and in a Bag hang them in four gallons of Ale. After six days drink of it . COUNS. LXXV . Hypochondriac Effects . A Right Honourable Lady , being troubled with Hypochondriac Effects , &c. had prescribed by Dr. Loss what follows : Take Polipody , roots of Bugloss , Scorzonera , Bark of Tamaris , and roots of Cappars , each ℥ ss . Spleenwort M iss . Agrimony , Maiden-hair , Balm , Dodder , and tops of Hops , each M ss . Flowers of Broom and Borage , each p. ii . parings of four Pearmains or Pippins ; boyl them with a Chicken in Spring water for thin Broth. Of which take in the morning , and four in the afternoon , a good draught , in which dissolve fifteen grains of Cream of Tartar , fasting two hours after . Take Sena cleansed ℥ ss . Salt of Tartar ℈ i. infuse them in Borage water lb i . spirit of Vitriol gut . x. for eight bours , in a cold place ; after strain it . The Dose was four spoonfuls , to be taken in the former Broth , every third day , continuing it for nine days . To help the Defluxion of Rheum upon the Vvula , swallow Storax Calamint . depurated ℈ ss . made into two Pills ; and for a change use Conserve of Roses , with some Pouder of Olibanum in pouder . For to gargarize , Take Leaves of Plantain , and red Roses each M i. Pomgranate flowers ʒii . Quince seed ʒi . boyl them in lb ii to lb i . in which dissolve Allum ℈ i. Syrup of Hyssop , and dried Roses , each ℥ i. mix them . Use it warm oft in a day . These done , use Asses Milk , beginning with six or seven ounces , ascending by degrees to ten or twelve . Take it warm from the Udder in a morning , fasting , sweetned with an ounce of the following : Take red Roses dried ℥ i. Crabs eyes ℥ ss . red Coralʒii . Pearlʒi . make them into a very fine pouder , and with ℥ xii of Sugar boyled in Rose water Candy height , make Lozenges . Continue the use of the Milk , till time come in to drink the Vitriolated Mineral Waters , which if they pass well , will help the Spleen and Womb. Begin with a pint , and by degrees ascend to three quarts , to be taken in the compass of an hour or five quarters . When you go to them see your Bladder and Intestines be well emptied of their proper Excrements . Take the draughts not too great , nor too suddainly one after another , but walk gently up and down between every draught , taking some Carraway-Comfits , or digestive Pouder , or Tablets made of Aromatic . Rosar . fasting till the waters be passed your Body , which you may discern by the Urine . If they do not pass well , you may take a little Rhenish-wine , or Cream of Tartar in the first draught , in the mean time keep the body constantly soluble , by taking ℈ i of Mastich Pills when you go to bed . Observe a good Diet , otherwise they will be fruitless . You need not purge much before-hand , only Manna may be sufficient . It 's best to take them at the Well , if Weather be clear and good , if not , then in your Chamber . As to outward means to mollify the Spleen , in the interem , Take Roots of Marshmallows , White-Lilies , Fennel and Cappars , each ℥ ss . Leaves of Violets , Mallows , Spleenwort , Wormwood , Camomel , Mellilot , and tops of Dill , each M ss . Bay berries , seeds of Line , and Fenugreek , each ℥ ss . Boyl them in water , lb iij . and Vinegar lb i . till a third part be wasted . With this foment the Region of the Spleen . COUNS. LXXVI . Fever . A Right honourable Lady having a Fever , being with Child , was by Dr. Willis advised as follows . Having let blood , she being with Child , she is not capable of Physick , there 's only room for Cordials . As to Miscarriage , she must do nothing to hinder it , but leave the business wholly to God and Nature . She is to take of this Cordial Julep every three or four hours . Take waters of Balm , Black-Cherry , each ℥ iv . Cold Cordial Saxony water , ℥ ij . Treacle water , ℥ iss . Pearl prepared , ℈ i. Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers , ℥ ij . Mix them for a Julep . The next is to quench her thirst . Take Scorzonera roots , ℥ ss . Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each ʒiij . Burnt Hartshorn ʒj . Barley , ʒiij . the paring of two Apples , Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ iss . Cut and bruise them , and boyl them in Spring-water lb iij . to lb ij. Strain and pour it upon 16 Sweet Almonds blanched and beaten , and make an Emulsion , add Sugar of Pearls ℥ ss . The next Confection is to be taken every night and morning the quantity of a Nutmeg . Take Conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers ℥ iij. Species of Jacinth ʒi . Pearl prepared ʒss . Diascordium ʒiss . with sufficient of Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers , make a Confection . A Clyster of Milk and Sugar may safely be given when there is need . Keep her to a Diet of Gruel , Panado , Posset-drink and Small-beer ; let there be no Plasters to back or belly so long as her distemper lasts . The 24th , of March 1666 , she had further prescribed the next . Take Conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers , ℈ ii . Venice Treacle ℈ j. Pearl in pouder , gr . v. with Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers make a Bole ; which she took at hour of sleep , drinking upon it five or six spoonfuls of the next Julep . Take waters of Balm , ℥ vj. of Pimpernel , ℥ iij. waters of Treacle and cold cordial of Saxony , each ℥ iss . Pearl poudred , ℈ i. Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers , ℥ ij . make a Julep . Dose five or six spoonfulls Morning and Night . The 25th , 67. was further ordered , ℞ Pearl prepared ʒij . Lap. Bezoar . utriusque ā ℈ i. Coral prepared ʒiss . Eloe . Sacch . Anthos ℥ j. fol. Aur. N. iv . M f. pul . She was to take ʒss . of this thrice a day in a spoonful of the next water , and drink after ℥ ij . of the same . Take leaves of Brook-lime , Water cresses , Clary , Balm , Rosemary , Sage , Betony , tops of Cyprus , each , Mij . Capon half boyl'd and cut in pieces , Cider posset-drink lb viij . add Cinamon , ℥ ss . Orange peels , ℥ ij . Mace ʒij . Marigold-flowers , M. i. Red Roses , Miss . Distil them in a cold Still . As long as these agree , let them be continued : If she have a mind to vary let her either take 2 Lozenges , or the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Electuary . Take of the former Cordial Powder , ʒij . Confection of Alkermes without Musk , and of Jacinth , each ʒi . Sugar dissolved in thin Cinamon-water , and boild to Candy height ℥ iij. Make Lozenges . The Electuary , ℞ . pul . predict . ʒij . Spec. Diambr . ʒi . Conserv . Anthos vel Flor. Caryophil . Beton . ā ℥ iss . Cum Syr. è Coral . q. s. f. Electuar . Let her take of the next three or four times a day , to quench thirst . Take China rootsʒiij . Scorzonera , ℥ ss . Candied Eringoesʒiij . Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , eachʒiss . Dates iiij . make a Decoction in water lb iij . to lb ij. To ℥ xvj . of the straining , add sweet Almonds blanched and beaten 16 , and make an Emulsion . If her illness continue , let her drink of the next in stead of Beer . Take China sliced and bruised , ℥ ij . Mastich-wood so prepared , ℥ j. all the Sanders , eachʒi . Infuse them for a night in Spring water warm , lb. vj. after boyl them till a third part be wasted , then add Currans ℥ iij. Liquoris ℥ ss . strain it and keep it close in bottels for use . For all her Broths and Gellys let there be first made a strong Decoction of China , with shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , of which make them . Once in four or five nights she was to take the Cordial Elixir , begining with 10 drops in the Capon water , which increase as occasion serves . This was his Liquid Laudanum . Let her take the Cordial Tincture , which was Tincture of Antimony , from 10 drops to 14 in the Capon water , at six a Clock daily , and late at night , taking the first Powder at nine . In case of Costiveness , take a Clyster every other day : At last she became well , yet sometime after she took of the Tincture of Antimony , 10 or 12 drops in a spoonful of her Water early and late , and drank after four or five spoonfuls of the same . COUNS. LXXVII . Stomack-Illness . THe right Honourable Lord Brook having illness at his Stomack , and debility of his Limbs , by Dr. Willis , had what 's after prescribed . Elixir Proprietatis ℥ i. of this he was to take 15 or 20 drops , in a small draught of the next in a morning and four in the afternoon . Take Snail water ℥ viij . of Earthworms , the Magistral ℥ iv . Simple water of Walnuts and Scurvy-grass , each ℥ iv . of compound Radish-water ℥ ij . white Sugar ℥ j. Mix them for a Julep . The quantity was six spoonfuls . Every night he was to take the quantity of a Nutmeg of this . Take of Conserves of Wood-Sorrel , Hipps and Roses vitriolated , each ℥ iss . Species of the three Sanders and Diarrhodon abbatis , eachʒiss . Salt of Wormwoodʒij . best Spirit of Saltʒi . with sufficient of Citrons make an Electuary . But before this was sent from Oxford , the next was used in its stead . Take Conserves of Wood-sorrel and Roses vitriolated and passed through a sieve , of each ʒij . Spec. de Hyacinth . ℈ ij . Pearl in pouder xv . grains , with Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers , make an Electuary . As soon as the weather is warm , take every four , five or six days , three Pills of the next Mass. ℞ . Rubarb opt . ʒiss . Sal absynth . ʒi . Elixir . propri●t . ℈ ii . Extract . N. Solut. ʒss . M. f. Mass. They were taken about six or seven in the morning , keeping within doors those days , and on such days he took the Elixir only in the afternoon . After ten or twelve days , if your Honour be not well , in stead of your Elixir and Julep , take at the same time so much of the next Pouder as will lye upon half a Crown either dry or as you please . ℞ . pul . Ari. Compos . ℥ iss . pul . Tartar alb . pelluc . Cortic. Winteran . āʒii . Sal absynth . ʒiss . Tabul . aurant . ℥ iss . M. f. pul . After the taking of which , drink of the next , exercising after . Take China sliced , ʒiii . shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each ʒii . burnt Harts-horn , Aloe wood , and yellow Sanders , each ʒi . leaves of Agrimony , M. i. White wine , Tartar in pouder ʒiss . Tamarinds ʒiii . Raisins ℥ iii. Candied Eringo's ℥ ss . Cut and beat them all , after boyl them in spring water , lb iii till a third part be wasted , then add Rhenish wine ℥ iv . and strain the liquor into a pot wherein are leaves of Scurvy-grass and Brook-lime , each M. i. Preserved Orange peels ℥ ss . let them infuse being close shut , and hot for three hours , after cold strain it . For ordinary drink , bottle up some mild , clear middle Ale , into each Bottle put 10 leaves of Scurvy-gr . half a spoonful of shavings of Horse-radish , and a little candied Orange Pill . Observe a good diet ; Rise pretty early , and use much exercise . COUNS. LXXVIII . Hardness of the Side . A Right Honorable Lady troubled with the hardness of her side , a Catarrh falling on her Throat , and illness of the Womb after miscarriage , had by Dr. Willis , the following prescriptions . Take Rosemary , Sage , Camomile , Penny-royal , each a good M. the out-peel of one Orange and one Limon , shred them small , put them into Hogs-grease lb ss. White-wine ℥ iv . stew them gently for an hour , strain it out , and keep it in a Gally-pot . Anoint your Side with it every morning and night with a warm hand , wear over it a thin quilt of Sarcenet , or some Linnen , with bumbast , quilted and smeard over with the said Ointment . For your Honour's Throat you are to use this ; Take Rosemary , Winter-savory , each Mi. Middle rind of Elder , and Elm-boughs , each Mss. Shavings of Sassafrasʒii . boyl all in lb iij . of Smiths forge water till a pint be wasted ; to it put Hony of Roses , ℥ ii . make a Gargarism , with which wash your throat oft . Keep it in a bottle close stopt . Use a fume of Amber every morning . For your Palate use this ; Take Long pepper , Pomegranate-flowers , best Bole Armoniack , Sal Prunell . each ʒii . make a very fine Pouder . The next Plaster is to be laid between her Shoulders . Take Burgundy-pitch , Gum Elemi , Oxycrotium , eachʒiij . Mix them , spread it on leather , the breadth of a broad Fillet , apply it to the Back-bone , renewing it every six weeks . Next the Soals of your Feet , in your Socks or Stockings wear Rosemary . COUNS. LXXIX . Chin-cough . A Daughter of Mr. Combes having a Chin-cough , on which came a Scyrrhus Tumor , which possessed the whole left side of her Belly , had by Dr. Willis appointed the following . Take China sliced , Shavings of Ivory and Hartshorn , each ʒii . Maiden-hair , Harts-tongue and Currans , each Mss. Liquoris ʒij . Candied Eringo , ʒiij . Boyl them in Spring-water , lb iss . to lb i . Strain it , and drink of it four times a day . Take Liquoris , Cup Mass , each ʒi . Milk of Sulphur , ℈ ss . Take a third part of it , and drink of the Drink after it . For the Belly , Take Sage , Rosemary , Tansy , each Mi. Mace a spoonful , Peels of two Oranges and two Limons ; Shred them all very smal , and stew them in a pot with Hogs grease , lb ss. White-wine lb i . for two hours ; after strain them and use it . The Dr. coming to Warwick some while after , and hearing by me what effects the Oyntment had on the Child's Belly , the hardness being all removed , he did not only admire at it , but desired the Receipt from me , being in my Custody , for which , although his own , he thank'd me . The Child was committed to my Care. COUNS. LXXX . Pain in the Foot. A Maid servant of the Right Honourable the Lady Katherine Dowager Brook , troubled with a Scorbutick pain in her Foot , whilst Dr. Willis was at Warwick Castle , he appointed the following . ℞ . pul . Sanct. ʒi . Sal absynth . ℈ ss . Vini alb . aq . flor . Sambuc . ā ℥ ij . Syr. August . ℥ ss . M. f. pot . With this she purged once or twice in ten dayes . She had a Conserve made of equal parts of Brook-lime and Sugar , of which she took the quantity of a Nutmeg morning , and at four in the afternoon , drinking six or eight spoonfuls of the next after it . Take Scurvy-grass , Harts-tongue , Water-cresses , of each M. iij. Long Pepper , ʒi . Shred them all , and put to it a pint and half of Claret-Wine , and keep it in a close bottle for use . To her Foot was applyed this , Take Dane-wort , Water-cresses , Brooklime , each M. iij or iv . Shred and boyl them in water , till tender ; put thereto Bean meal , lb. i . Oyl of Elder , ℥ iv . or as much as is sufficient . By these she was cured . COUNS. LXXXI . Obstructions . THe Right Honourable Robert Lord Brook troubled with Obstructions and Indigestion , had , March the 9th . 69. by Dr. Willis ordered as followeth . ℞ . Pil. de Succin . Stomach . cum Gum. āʒi . Tartar. vitriolat . Castor opt . pul . ā ℈ i. Ol. Succin . gut . vi . cum Syr. de Betonic . f. Pil. N. 15 deaurent . Of these his Honour was to take three ( more or less , according as they did work ) in the morning , once in five or six dayes , observing a Physical diet , and keeping warm . Take the Conserves of the flowers of Sage , Rosemary , Ash , Cardamoms , each ℥ i. Troches of Rubarb , and Caparsʒiss . Winters-bark , Salt of Steel , Wormwood and Scurvy-grass , eachʒi . Roots of Virgina Snakeweedʒss . with Syrup of Orange peel , make an Electuary . Of those days the Pills are not taken , take the quantity of a large Nutmeg of the Electuary , first in the morning , and about four or five in the afternoon , drinking a Sack-glass of the next Julep after it . Take the water of Limetree-flowers , Black-Cherries , Walnuts , each lb ss. Magistr . Worm wat. ℥ xij . Compound Piony , ℥ iv . Sugar of Pearls ℥ ij . Mix them and make a Julep . About an hour before dinner and supper , as also at night going to bed , eat one of the Lozenges , or at any other time when the stomack is indisposed . Take ●ea● s●●ly poud●red , Mans-skul prepared each ℈ iv . Red Coral , Elks claws , Misletoe of the Oake , Male Piony Roots , each ʒi . Cubebs , Cardamums , each ℈ i. with sufficient of the most refined Sugar , dissolved in equal parts , of Black-cherry and compound Piony waters . According to Art make Lozenges , each weighing ʒi . Bleed with Leeches every month twice or thrice , three or four Ounces of Blood. If the distemper in your Head increase before there is benefit received by what is directed , Blyster the Neck , Soulders or Arms. Travel not the next day after Bleeding . For ordinary Drink , Take tops of Pine and Fir , each Miv. Harts-tongue Mij . Dock-roots half dried and sliced ℥ iv . Roots of Male-Piony and Scorzonera , each ℥ iss . Sarsaparilla sliced ℥ iij. Flowers of Rosemary and Lavender each Mi. Juniper-berries , and single Piony seeds , each ℥ i. Boyl all in six Gallons of midling Wort , for an hour or more , and then let them infuse till the Liquor be cold enough for Barm ; then strain it forth , and let it be ordered as other Beer , and tap it when a week old . If his Honour's stomack can bear it , there may be added some Juyces of Scurvy-grass and Brook-lime , and some Orange Pills . COUNS. LXXXII . Tenesmus . FOr a Servant of the same Family , a Gentlewoman , afflicted with a Tenesmus , had the following appointed by Dr. Willis : She is to purge , take Clysters often ; if a little thing will work , let her take ʒss or ℈ ij of Rubarb , which beat with a spoonful of Currans , adding thereto Cinamon , and Salt of VVormwood , each ℈ ss . Repeat it every third or fourth morning . For Clysters , let them be either a pint of Milk , wherein is dissolved Sugar of Roses , or else the next : Take Leaves of Mousear , St. Johns-wort , Plantain , Tops of Cyprus , each Mi. Seeds of sweet Fennel ℥ ss . Liquorisʒiij . boyl them in Spring water lb iss . till the third part be wasted ; strain it , and therein dissolve Honey of Roses ℥ iss . mix them , to be cast in . COUNSEL LXXIII . Miscarriage . FOr an Honourable Lady , by an eminent Physician , to prevent Miscarriage , was directed as follows : The grinding pains in her back , being so young with Child , may be reasonably supposed to arise from the stagnation of suppressed Blood in the Vessel there , which either by its abundance , or Acrimony , quickly acquired by stagnation , may procure Abortion . Al●ho there may be , and frequently are such Pains in the Back , without Miscarriage , as you may very well know , especially if the Womb be not distempered , nor the Ligaments thereof weakned . But being her Ladyship hath miscarried twice already , there is too much ground to fear such weakness , and the ill Consequence . The Means indicated are the abatement of the Plenty by V. S. the attempering and sweeting that acrimonious Acidity , and the strengthning of the Parts affected . Bleeding from the Arm is earnestly advised , and truly if the Pains do not considerably abate upon her first bleeding , I do advise the repetition of it . I have so oft advised it in such Cases , with so good success , that I cannot but now recommend it : But then I would not have much ( not above three or four ounces ) taken away at first , as being much safer , and effectual to take a little at first , and to repeat , than to take too much at once . The repetition of bleeding may be after a week , sooner or later , as you shall see occasion from the recurring , continuance , or encrease of the Pains , or other Symptoms . As to the other two Indications , take of the next Pouder ℈ i. in a poched Egg , or with a little Broth , or other supping , once every day , during the Pains , either in the morning , or at night , which may most please , or be agreeable . Take roots of Tormentil , red Sanders , Kermes grains , Nutmeg , Pearl prepared , red and white Coral , each ℈ i. Cloves ℈ ss . Leaves of Gold 2. Pearl'd Sugarʒii . f. Pul. For outward means use the following Plaster : Take Galangal ℥ i. Bole Armoniac , Dragons blood , sealed Earth , each ʒss . Mastich , Myrrh , each ʒi . Cyprus Nuts ℥ ss . Juice of Mugwort , Venice Turbentine , each sufficient , mix them exactly ; to which may be further added red Sanders in fine pouder ℥ ss . Wax sufficient to make a Plaster . Of which spread one , and lay to the Back . These being observed , Miscarriage was prevented . COUNS. LXXXIV . Fever . FOr the Cook Maid Servant to the said Honourable Family , by the same Doctor , having a Fever , had directed what follows : Take the emollient Decoction for a Clyster lb j . Lenitive Electuary ℥ iss . brown Sugar ℥ ii . a little Salt , make a Clyster . This she took in the evening , which gave her two stools . That night she took the next : Take Conserve of Violets ʒj . Diascordium ʒss . Salt of Wormwood gr . viij . make a Bole , for the hour of sleep . The next morning , if she be not in a sweat , let her take the following in bed , keeping her there ; Take the Infusion of Cr●cus Metallorum ℥ ss . Wine of Squils ℥ iss . Salt of Vitriol ℈ i. Syrup of Vinegar ℥ ss . make a Vomit . This did not make her vomit , but gave her stools . After which was to be given Venice Treacleʒss . in a spoonful or two of Treacle water , and let her lie to sweat . This done , take every sixth hour six or seven spoonfuls of the next : Take Waters of Balm and Dragon , each ℥ iv . of Cardu●s , and Treacle , each ℥ ii . Syrup of Clove-gillyflowers , ℥ iss . Pearl poudered ℈ i. Spirit of Vitriol sufficient to make it presently tart . Of the following she is to take a draught twice or thrice in twenty four hours : Take the roots of Scorzonera ℥ i. of Valerian ʒiij . candied Eringo's ℥ ss . shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , each ʒiij . Raisins ℥ ij . boyl them in Spring water lb iij to lb ij. add Sal. Prunel . ʒi . and Sugar sufficient to sweeten it . Every night and morning take Spirit of Harts-horn twelve drops , in the Julep . Take a Clyster every second day . The third night were Blisters to be applied to each Leg , below the Calf . And so she recovered . At another time , falling into a Fever , notwithstanding fit means used , she became light headed , and was given over as hopeless . I coming to see her , having been abroad , they desired me to do something . I presently applied two large blistering Plasters , to be applied to her Thighs , on the inside , about the middle , which after drawn did run plentifully . And so she came to her senses again , and recovered . COUNS. LXXXV . Beating of the Heart . THe Right Honourable , the Lady Katharine Brook , Dowager , for the beating of the Heart , by Dr. Willis , was ordered as follows : This Fall , or Autumn , let her take the ensuing Course : First , purge with Pills formerly prescribed , ( which were these : Take Rubarb gr . xxv . Oil of Nutmegs gut . ij . Chio Turbentine sufficient , and make eight Pills ) or rather Pills of my own extract , which I frame of Rubarb , Sanders , and Salt of Tartar. Let there be eight days between every purging . On other days take in the morning , and four in the afternoon , of this Electuary : Take Conserves of Succory flowers , and leaves of Fumitory , each ℥ iij. Pouder of all the Sanders , each ʒi . Aloe-wood , and Pouder of Ivory , each ℈ iv . red Coral prepared ʒiss . Salts of Tamaris , and Worm-wood , each ʒi . best prepared Crocus Martis ℈ iv . with sufficient Syrup of Coral make an Electuary . If you can make Conserve of Tamaris , have six ounces instead of the former Conserves , of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg , drinking after six or eight ounces of the next : Take of the roots of Sorrel , Dandelion , Nettles , all fresh , each ℥ i. Leaves of Harts-tongue , Agrimony , Speedwel , Mousear , each M i. white Sanders , Mastich wood , each ʒi . burnt Harts-horn ʒii . shavings of Ivory ʒiij . Raisins ℥ iij. boyl them in Water wherein Iron hath been quenched lb iv . till a third part be wasted ; add near to the end of boyling , Claret-wine ℥ iv . strain it , and clarify it , and in it infuse Species of the three Sanders tyed in a Rag , and add Syrup of Steel ℥ iv . And keep it in a Glass for use . After every Purge , take at night Conserve of Clove-gilly-flowers ʒi . Diascordium ʒss . Castor gr . iv . Syrup of Coral sufficient to make a Bole. In the middle of this Course , let her Honour blood in the Arm to ℥ iv , or vi . COUNS. LXXXVI . Sciatica . A Worthy Gentleman , born not far from Warwick , being ( tho young ) troubled with a Sciatica , had from Dr. Willis the following Directions . Take Wine of Squils ℥ ij . Oxymel of Squils ℥ ss . Salt of Vitriol . ℈ i. mix them . This he was to take in the morning . Half an hour after drink Posset-drink , till the Stomach be full ; then with your Finger , or a Feather , provoke your self to vomit . Drink more , and vomit again , and do so three or four times ; after be covered over , and sleep . Do this once a month . After you have vomited , a week or ten days , take three Pills at night ; if they work not by morning , take one more : ℞ Merc. dulc . ʒi . Resin . Jalap . gr . vij . Tereb . Venet. q. s. f. Pil. iv . Every night besides , and morning early , take four Pills of the next Mass , and drink after them eight or ten spoonfuls of the distilled Water : Take leaves of Ground-pine pouderedʒvi . Crabs eyesʒiii . Sal Armoniac , or Flowers of the same , ʒi . Nutmeg poudered ℈ iv . make of all a most fine Pouder , and with sufficient Venice Turpentine , and Balsam of Peruʒi . make a Mass for Pills . The distilled Water , Take of the leaves of Ground-Ivy , Sage , Betony , Rosemary , Germander , Agnimony , Avens , Winter-Savory , each M ii . Roots of Angelico , and Master-wort , each ℥ iij. Berries of Ivy , and Elder , green , each lb ss. the parings of six Oranges ; shred , and beat them , and pour upon them White-wine lb viij . Distill them in a Rose Still . About eight in the morning , and five in the afternoon , take fourteen drops of Tincture of Salt of Tartar , in a spoonful of the Water , drinking six spoonfuls more after it . For ordinary Drink make the next : In five or six gallons of Ale boyl instead of Hops , Ground-Ivy M iv . after tunn'd up , hang in it Avens roots sliced lb ss. and Juniper berries ℥ vj. After a week drink of it . Outwardly foment the Part with the next : Take Chamomel , Danewort , Mercury , and Burdock , each M ij . Ash ashes lb ss. boyl them in Spring water , till the third part be wasted , strain it . After the Part hath been fomented with it , apply either Empl. Mitigatum ; or use this : Take Oils of Earth-worms , and of Scorpions , each ℥ iss . mix them for use . If at any time he faint , let him take of the next two or three spoonfuls : Take of the Waters of Saxifrage , Ground-Ivy , Butter bur , each ℥ iij. of Snailsʒiiij . Crabs in pouderʒi . Sugar ℥ i. Mix them for use . COUNS. LXXXVII . Gout . MR. Combs , afflicted with the Gout , had the following by Dr. Willis : Once a month take the purging Pouder in a draught of Posset-drink , keeping a Physical Diet. ℞ Pul. Arthritic . ʒi . Sal. Absynth . gr . viij . Misc. For fourteen , or one and twenty days , take every night four of the next Pills , and every morning during this time take a draught of Posset-drink , made of one part White-wine , and two parts Ale , in which bo●l Burdock root the quantity of three fingers , and of candied Eringo half so much ; strain it , and drink it up . The Pills , Take Pouder of Ground-pine leavesʒvi . Crabs eyesʒij . Nutmegʒi . Sows preparedʒiss . Venice Turbentine , sufficient to make a Miss . These are to be followed every quarter of a year . For fourteen days after take every night and morning twenty drops of the Tincture of Antimony in a spoonful or two of Saxifrage water . For constant Drink , Boyl in six gallons of midling Ale-wort , instead of Hops , six handfuls of Ground-Ivy dried ; after tunned up , hang in a Bag , roots of Calamus Aromaticus , Florentine Oris , each ▪ ℥ ii . Daucus seeds ℥ iiss . cut and bruise them . Tap it at six days old , make one Vessel under another . Observe a very regular Di●t , forbear especially all salt Meats , French Wine , and stale Beer . COUNS. LXXXVIII . Colick . FOr the same Mr. Combs , by the said Doctor , troubled with a Scorbutic Colick , was prescribed what follows : Take leaves of Water-cresses M iiij . Scurvy-grass M ii . the Rinds of two Oranges , long Pepper ʒij . mix them , and beat them in a Stone Mortar , after pour in of Waters of Snails and Earthworms , each ℥ vi . White-wine ℥ viij . press it out strongly . Of this take ℥ iij twice or thrice a day , sweeten it with sufficient quantity of Sugar , or Syrup of the Juice of Scurvy-grass . Outwardly may be used Fomentations , Cataplasms , or Application of Sheeps Caul . Some gentle Purge will be also necessary , as also Clysters framed of Urine , with ʒvi of Turbentine dissolved in the Yolk of an Egg. To give liquid Laudanum , twenty drops twice or thrice in a week , is excellent ; it is made of Salt of Tartar , Opium , and Spirit of Wine , given in the former Liquor . Pouder of Pearl , and Crabs eyes , are good , and sometimes Spirit of Harts-horn . COUNS. LXXXIX . Tumor in the Side . AN Honourable Lady , living not far from Coventry , for a Tumor in her Side , supposed cancerous and windy , had by Dr. VVillis directed what follows . She having been advised to take Sow-lice , or Millepedes , she acquainted the Doctor with it . As to which he wrote , that he much approved her taking them , and was persuaded that that Remedy had preserved her Ladyship from growing worse , and hoped it would promote her recovery : Therefore , besides the taking of them in a morning , advised to take them in Pills at night . The Composition he had made use of with good success was this ; Take Sows prepared and made fine Pouder , ʒiij . Crabs eyesʒij . Pearl preparedʒi . Nutmegʒss . All being made into pouder , with sufficient Venice Turbentine make a Mass. Of this was taken three small Pills every night . Besides , the Sowes may be taken to good effect in a Drink , as to every Bottle of small Ale put in twenty Sows and Cardamoms , both bruised , ʒss . tied up in a Tiffany . This is also excellent for the Wind. Besides , before and after every meal , with the said Ale , as much of the next Pouder as will lie on a shilling , or else one or two of the Lozenges , set down next after the Pouder . Take the compound Pouder of Aron roots ℥ iss . Cubebs prepared and poudered ʒij . Anis seeds , and Coriander Comfits , each ℥ ss . add also candied Orange Peels , make a Pouder . Take of the compound Pouder of Aron rootsʒiij . Winters-bark ℈ i. Spec. Diamb. Aromat . Ros. āʒiss . whitest Sugar dissolved in Cinamon water , and boiled to a Candy height ℥ vi . and run them into Lozenges . Sometimes the purging Pills were to be taken , which you have in the next Counsel : ℞ Pil. Stomach . &c. COUNS. XC . The same . FOr the said Honourable Lady , being to go to Astrop-Wells , was by the same Doctor prescribed what followes . ℞ . Pul. Diasen . ʒiss . Tereb . Venet. q. s. f. Pil. N● 15 inaurent . Take three or four at hour of sleep , and the next morning drink the Waters to three or four pints . Take Sows prepared ʒiij . Crabs Eyes ʒi . Sal Prunel . ℈ iv . Tartar Vitriolat . ʒi . with sufficient Venice-Turpentine make a mass for Pills , taken as in the former Counsel . After she came from the Waters , for her Head was appointed this Plaster . Take of the Head-Plaster sufficient , Coranna and Taccamahac , each ʒij . Mix them and make a Plaster . For the Head , ℞ . Pil. Stomach . cum gum . ʒi . Resin Jalap . gr . viij . Balsam Peru q. s. f. Pil. 8. Take four for a Dose seven dayes . Take Elixir propriet . Tartar. ℥ i. Of this take twenty drops in three spoonfuls of White-wine or Beer every morning , and at five in the afternoon . COUNS. XCI . Piles . FOr an Esquire of no small quality , afflicted with the Piles , had by a very eminent Physician this Advice following . Sir , A very spare Dyet , and abstinence from Wine or other strong Drink ( till the Pain be assuaged , and the swelling removed ) is one of the Principal Remedies . Let Leeches be apply'd to the swell'd parts , if they have not been used already . If the Anus be protuberate and bear down , keep the same constantly up and within your Body with the help of your Finger . Sit over the Decoction of Mallows , Violet leaves , adding some Milk , being put warm into a Close-stool-pan , and that not only when you have occasion , but even at other times when the pain is most troublesom . Then coming from the Stool use this ; Take Barly meal , ℥ vi . Leaves of Violets and Mallows , each Mij . Flowers of Elder and Melilot , each P.ij. boyl them in sufficient quantity of Cows Milk , to a Pultis ; after add the Mucilage of the Seeds of Flea-wort and Quinces , drawn with Plantain-water , eachʒiij . Oyl of Roses , ʒvi . Oyl of Linseed and Vnguentum Populeon , each ℥ ss . and make a Cataplasm . Of this spread some on Lin●n cloth , and apply it hot to the pained part , and as it cools warm it again , or lay on fresh . After this hath been used some time , then use the next . Take Oyster-shells , burnt white in the fire , and after poudered ℥ i. Pouder of burnt Harts-hornʒvi . Oyl of Rosesʒiij . Honey sufficient to make a Cataplasm . Spread of it upon Red Cloth , or thick Linen , and apply it hot . After this is done , apply to the Anus the next . Take Linseed Oyl ℥ ij . Ceruse and White-lead , each ℥ ss . boyl them according to Art into a Plaster , and spread of it either upon soft Leather or Linnen , use it after the former Cataplasm , and remove it as oft as you need . If the Piles be inward and very troublesom , put up a little of the next with the finger now and than . ℞ . Vnguent . Basilic . ʒvi . Alb. Camphor . ʒiij . Ol. Ros. ( in q o. Milleped . in coct . fuerint ) ʒij . Ol. Vitel. Ovor. ʒi . Opii in tantillo . aq . Sperm . Ranar. solut . gr . iij. M. Put up some when in Bed at night , as also as before directed . Take thrice a day , Morning , four in the Afternoon , and an hour before Bed-time , the quantity of a Nutmeg of the next . Take Old Conserve of red Roses , ℥ i. Flour of Sulphur , ℈ iv . Syrup of red Poppies , sufficient to make an Electuary . If your Body be bound , and the part be very painful within , cast in the following Clyster . Boyl in water a Sheep-shead , wool and all , also leaves of Mallows and Violets , each Mi. Flowers of Melilot Pij . add to ℥ x. of the straining , Weather-suet , taken from the Kidnies , ℥ iss . Honey of Roses ℥ i. That you may find ease by these means , is the desire of your humble Servant . COUNS. XCII . Piles . A Right Honourable Lady troubled with the Piles , was directed by Dr. Willis , as follows . Take Morning and Night , a draught of Posset drink , wherein boyl two or three tops of St. Johns-wort , and one or two small leaves of Mullin . Give a Clyster every , or every second day of New Milk , wherein is boyled a few Red Rose leaves , Make an Ointment of Wild Flax with Hoggs grease , and apply it outwardly . To make this Counsel bigger , receive the next , which hath been found very effectual . Take Pilewort , Roots and Leaves , Mi. Orpin , a good handful , Figs ℥ ij . or ℥ iiij . as there 's occasion ; mince them as small as may be , that they may dissolve in boyling the sooner . Tops of Elder newly sprung out 13 : Beat these together in a pint of sweet Cream , then boyl it to the consistence of an Oyntment : Then strain it , and put it into a Gally-pot , and cover it well , it will keep a year if well look'd to . The Foeces sat upon , and kept close to the part , are very good . For those inward a Clyster , only of Linseed-oyl , is very excellent . COUNS. XCIII . 〈◊〉 Pox. THis was 〈…〉 Stubbs's Collection , which take , as writ by himself , as to the Small Pox. Sir St. John Charnock of Shutford in Bedfordshire assured me that his only Son living at Combridge , visited one that had the Small Pox , being sent home thereupon , he fell very ill at his Stomach , Head , Back , as is usual before the Pox ; the next day he was well , and also on the third . The fourth day he seemed mortally ill , with Vomiting and violent Feaver ; His Lady warm'd him a quarter of a pint of Malego Sack , and put to it a good spoonful of Sallet Oyl , and gave it him , holding an Orange to his Nose , that he vomited it not up ; the next day the Pox came out kindly , and he had but few in his Face , Hands , Thighs , nor on his Body ; He had no ill symptoms after , but sat in his Bed and play'd at Cards till well . His Man catching them , and being Light-headed , got out in the Snow , he was brought in , and had the same Potion , and although they were struck in , they came forth again almost as black as Jet , yet with no ill Symptoms ensuing , but he became immediately well and recovered . She gave him afterwards sometimes a little warm Maligo or Canary . This course he assured me he had tryed many times in their County , and alwayes with the like success . Novemb. 5th , 1671. COUNS. XCIV . Diarrhea . THe Right Honorable Robert Lord Brook , for Diarrhea , was by an eminent Physician advised as followeth . For a Clyster take Milk , ℥ x. Diascordiumʒij . Make a Clyster , and administer it once or twice a day . Take Conserve of Red Roses , ℈ ij . Diascordiumʒij . Coral and Pearl , both prepared , each ℈ i. Syrup of Coral sufficient to make a Bolus . Give it once or twice a day at a fit hour , drinking upon it a small draught of the next Julep . Take waters of Plantain , Oak-buds , each lb ss. Cinamon bruised ʒi . Barberries bruised , ℥ i. Digest them in a Bath-heat . To it , being strained , add Syrup of Myrtle , or of Coral , or of dried Roses ʒx . To be drunk as above directed . For an honourable Lady , for the same . Take Rubarb , the best , poudred , ʒss . Cinamon poudred , ℈ ss . Syrup of dry'd Roses sufficient to make a Bole , which lap up in a Wafer moistned in Sack , take it in the Morning , drinking upon it the next ▪ Take Plantain-water , ℥ ij . Cinamon-water , ʒvi . Syrup of Coral , ʒv . Spirit of Sulphur , two Drops . Mix them . For another , by another Eminent Physician . Take Pomegranate rinds grosly beat . ℥ i. Old Conserve of Red Roses ℥ ij . ●ilk lb i . Boyl them to the half ; in the straining dissolve Dioscordium ʒiij . and make a Clyster . Take a Sheeps-head bruised , Red Roses , two handfuls , Pomegranate Rinds , ℥ iss . Flowers of Pomegranates ℥ ss . boyl them in sufficient quantity of Water , till they be well boyled . Strain it . Of which take half a pound ( the fat taken clean off ) and in it dissolve Venice Treacle ʒij . Diascordium , ʒi . One yolk of an Egg , and make a Clyster , which Administer warm . Take Red Coral , Crabs Eyes and Claws , eachʒi . make a Pouder , which divide into six equal parts , take one in the morning in a spoonful of Syrup of Coral . The following hath been found very effectual ; ℞ . Aromatic . Ros. ʒi Sacch . alb . ℥ i. M. Dos . as much as will lye on a six-pence upon some Toast soaked in either Sack , Sherry or Burnt-Claret , half an hour before Dinner . COUNS. XCV . Ague . A Worthy Lady , whom I shall not dare to mention , being alive , afflicted with a Quartan , had by an able Physician the after Directions , which did prevail . Take Venice Treacleʒi . Sack ℥ iv . make an Infusion for half an hour , drink it an hour before the Fit , and expect sweat . Repeat it for three Fitts : But this not prevailing , the next was advised . Take juice of Plantain ℥ iv . Sack lb ●s . Drink it warm an hour before the Fit. Take Terebintine sufficient for two Plasters for each Wrist , to spread on Leather , upon which cast Frankincense , and apply them . Take Rhenish-wine ℥ iv . Tincture of Wormwood made in White-wine , three spoonfuls . Mix them . This is to be given in a morning , and to be repeated for many dayes , and at four in the afternoon . I remember Colonel Hawksworth was cured by taking a pint of Sack by Spoonfuls ( warm ) before the Fit. And heretofore , and now lately , several have been cured , after other proper means used by able Physicians , by a Plaster laid to the Navil and Belly , framed of Turbintine and Olibanum in pouder , and spread upon Leather . This put me in mind of a Noble Knight , who having an Ague had a pretty large one applyed . Coming to wait upon him , as I constantly did , and as it was my duty to do , he asked me how it should be got off , his Ague then being gon . I told him there was no way but to shave it off , which was done . Doctor Stubs , hath in his Collections what follows . Two Boys , one two , the other four years old , the one of fair , the other of brown Complexion , having both at one time a Quartan , the Mother also having the same , being with Child , which caused her Miscarriage 10 weeks before her time . After eight weeks , all were Cured ( Generals premised ) with a Decoction of Plantain Roots , to which was addedʒi . of Plantain seed whole . It was made in Posset drink and given an hour before the Fit , and laid to sweat , this was continued three or four times , and they were recovered . I might here give several Medicines , which I have by me , said to be Infallible , but they have sometimes failed . When I have heard of the confident boastings of some , I have remembred and spoken of a modest Answer given to an Honourable Lady by Doctor Barksdale , she pressing much for the Cure of some of her own Family , and others afflicted with it , he said , Madam , if I come in time I may do as well as others , but I shall never promise the Cure of a Quartan , for this would smell too much of a Quack or Mountebank . It s true the Jesuits Pouder hath been much cry'd up for curing many , but saith Barbet , neither so safely , nor so soon , nor so pleasantly as the above named Salts . Some use desperate Remedies , which may hazard Life , or bring after them sad loathsom Symptoms , and yet not Cure neither , which brings to mind the saying of Lemery in his Course of Chymistry , Englished by Doctor Harris , Page 135. None of the Arsnicks can be given inwardly , though several persons that have ventured to give the white , pretend to have Cured with it divers Diseases , among others , the Quartan Ague . They venture to give as far as Four Grains in a great deal of Water , and after that manner it will make one Vomit like Antimony . But I can by no means allow of this Febrifugum , and would never advise any Body to use so dangerous a Remedy . Nature doth furnish us with Medicines enough in conscience to provoke Vomiting without recourse to Arsnic . COUNS. XCVI . Worms . ONe of the Sons of the Right Honourable Robert Lord Brook , having the Worms , had by an Eminent Physician the following prescribed . Take best Aloes in pouder and Venice Treacle , sufficient to make a Plaster ; lay it to the Navil . Take Rubarb the best , sliced and poudred , ℈ i. Burnt Harts-horn ʒi . Sweet Mercury gr . vi . Mix them , and tye them up in a little Nodul . For half a pint of Beer provide seven such Noduls . Take cooling Cordial-water of Saxony , ℥ iij. Syrup of Violets and Roses solutive , each ℥ ss . Spirit of Vitriol and Sulphur , each four Drops . Oyl of Worm-wood distilled , one Drop . Mix them . The Dose is three spoonfuls first and last , fasting one hour after . By Doctor Napier was the following directed , for one of that Honourable Family . Take Purslain-water ℥ vi . Syrups of Mints and Pomgranates , each ℥ i. Spirit of Sulphur 4 drops . Mix them . The next also was to be taken , Take Coraline , burnt Harts-horn , eachʒi . Bezoar stone , of the last ten grains , divide into six parts ; take one every morning , in a spoonful of the former Julep , drinking three or four spoonfuls after , Sept. 10. 75. I can tell you of an honourable Lady , whose pardon I crave , who gave a generous Fee to an eminent Doctor ( dead ) as any was , that after many intreats of a tender Mother , all which she received from him was , That Flower of Sulphur given to ℈ i. was the best Remedy . To an honourable Lady with Child , by Dr. Willis , was appointed this : Take burnt Harts-hornʒii . Spirit of Vitriolʒss . let them be well-ground together on a Marble , and take ℈ i in a spoonful or two of the Waters of Carduus or Balm , three mornings together . And the same excellent Physician assured me , that the best Medicine for the Worms was the Pouder of Virginia Snake-weed ; to one of three years old ℈ ss . in Honey , or Panado , &c. to one of eight years ℈ i. every New Moon , and Full , for Spring and Fall , for two or three months together . COUNS. XCVII . Obstructions of the Liver . FOr Obstructious of the Liver , in the Right Honourable Robert Lord Brook by an Eminent Doctor was prescribed , the 20th of September 71. Take of the Roots of Madder , Eringo's candied , Sparagus , Succory , each ℥ i. Leaves of Agrimony , Maiden-hair , each Mi. Tops of Roman Wormwood Mss. Currants ℥ iij. White Tartar grosly beaten , ʒvi . Salt of Tartar , ʒij . Boyl them according to Art in Water , lb iij . till lb i . be wasted , then strain it and clarify it with whites of Eggs. The Dose is ℥ iv . in the morning , and at four or five a Clock in the afternoon . ℞ . Gum Ammoniac ℥ ss . Dissol . in Acet . & per Pan. rara traject . liquor traject . adde Alo. Ros. ʒi . Tartar. Vitriol . ℈ ij . Incorporent . & redigant . in Mas. f. Pil. ea magnitud . qa . 3s . pendul . ℈ i. His Honour is to take one at Bed time ; If that give not two stools more than ordinary , then take one the next morning . His Honour taking one that wrought much and made him very ill , commanded me to write to the Doctor , who returned the following Answer . Mr. Cooke , I should have been much troubled at my Lord's illness in the operation of the Pill , did I not confidently hope that his Lordship will be much the better for it . For besides that 't is a good opening Pill ( in the general ) both of Liver and Spleen . 'T is particularly proper for my Lord to open the stoppages of his Liver , and to carry off the surcharge of the matter , which must be done gently and gradually . Therefore though I cannot but heartily commend the use of the Pill to his Lordship , yet it must be so ordered as to have it work not too much , by making the Pill not above half so big , or less as you shall see reason . You know that a copious evacuation of matter , though peccant , in some bodies will cause great disorder for the present , and sometimes occasion an Ague ▪ therefore the Pill must be proportioned accordingly , and I hope it will be so , as that my Lord may be encouraged to use it sometimes . And Mr. Cook , because I know that the opening Apozem will be much more effectual with the assistance of such a Pill , than without it , therefore I desire you to see that all the ingredients be in , and good , chiefly the Salt of Tartar , which is oft base and sophisticated ; besides they are apt to leave it out , as thinking that the white Tartar may only serve . I pray you , Mr. Cook , pardon this trouble , and instruct me how I may answer for it , and for your other kindnesses to Sir , your affectionate Friend and Servant , &c. COUNS. XCVIII . For the same . FOr the same Right Honourable Lord , for the former Obstructions , was by another Eminent Physician directed as follows . Novemb. 22. 1671. Mr. Cook , I had the last , which gave me an account of my Lord's condition ; those gentle evacuations may be of service to carry off those Humors , which make their Mischiefs in the parts of Nutrition ; and I hope , if the Disease be not obstinate , his Honour is wholly relieved before this time . Your Letters say nothing of his Cough , so that I conceive that hath in some measure left him . I beseech you continue your kindness to let me know fully how my Lord is , and I shall be more ready ( as I am most highly obliged ) to give the utmost of my assistance , and do him service ; to whom I beseech you give my humble service , and to my good Lady . I am your most faithful Friend and Servant . The Season being cold , and his Honour going on with the former Course for some time , and being considerably well , of which giving the Doctor an account , the next , April 2. 72. I received the following . First , open the Basilica of the left Arm , and take away eight ounces of Blood , after use the next Prescriptions : Take Pulp of Tamarindsʒi . best Rubarb poudered ℈ ss . make a Bole. Take it the next morning , an hour after drink Posset-drink , with Syrup of Violets ℥ iss . Sal Prunell . ℈ ii . Let it be repeated for four Doses , for every , or every other morning , according as it works . ℞ Cons. Viol. rec . Flor. Cichor . Lujul. & Flor. Borag . ā ℥ i. Spec. de Margar. frigid . Ocul . Cancr . āʒii . Confect . Alkerm . ℥ ss . Syr. è Succ. Citr . q. s. f. Elect. molle . Take the quantity of a Nutmeg every morning , and at four in the afternoon , drinking after a draught of the following : Take of the fresh roots of Scorzonera , Succory , Eringo's , each ℥ ii . Leaves of Straw-berries , Sorrel , Endive , each M i. Currants ℥ iv . Seeds of Melons , and Pippins bruised , each ℥ i. boyl them in sufficient Barley water to lb iv . remove it from the Fire : add of both the Scurvy grasses , each M i. Let them stand covered , to infuse till cold ; after strain and clarify it ; and then add Syrup of the five Roots ℥ iv . sweet Spirit of Salt ʒss . The Dose , six ounces . Continue the use of the Electuary and Decoction for three weeks . COUNS. XCIX . Miscarriage . A Right Honourable Lady , after Miscarriage , was advised by an eminent Physician to the following : Mr. Cook , I am come this morning from the Country , and have scarce time enough to peruse your Letter before the departure of the Carrier . I am very much troubled that her Honour hath miscarried , yet do hope that her Ladyship's next Conception will be more happily carried on . What may conduce to it , by correction and strengthning of her Womb , shall be studiously advised by the next return , which will be full time enough , in regard that the usual cleansing of the Womb must be performed first . Being in haste , this is all , save that I am your most faithful Friend and Servant , &c. Feb. 29. 71. The 6th of March 71. came the following : First her cleansing over , let her Ladyship purge with the next : Take Mechoacon sliced thin ʒii . Sen● cleansed ʒiss . Coriander seeds p. iss . boyl them in Water ℥ viij to v. strain it , and in the Liquor dissolve the purest Manna , Syrup of Violets , and Juyce of Oranges , each ℥ ss . after clarify all with the White of an Egg , and then add Cinamon water ʒi . and make a Potion , for two Doses . Take China thin sliced ℥ i. roots of Masterwort , and Avens , each ℥ ss . Betony M i. Feather-few M ss . the tops of Marjorum p. i. Nutmegsʒss . boyl the China in Water lb iij to lb ij. after put in the rest , and boyl it at a moderate Fire to lb iss . strain it , and clarify it , and sweeten it with double refined Sugar . Renew it every fifth day . It attemperates and strengthens the Womb. Take it every morning in bed , an hour or two , or more , before her Ladyship riseth ; and if it agree with her , I would have it taken three weeks or more . My Lady is not to observe any Diet whilst she takes the Apozem , nor fast after , unless she pleases , longer than two hours . COUNS. C. Lightness of the Head. THe Right Honourable Lady , Katherine Brook , Dowager , troubled with Lightness of the Head and Vapours , had by Doctor Willis directed as followeth . Mr. Cook , her Honour being troubled with Lightness of the Head and Vapours , it will be requisite to lose Blood by Leeches , to ℥ vi . or vij . Purging a day or two before , if by the use of what is directed her Ladyship should not do well , I would advise her Honour to Astrop waters , as the most likely means to reduce her Blood to better temper . My very humble service to her Ladyship , and to all the Honourable Family ; This is all , save to tell you , that I am your very faithful Friend and Servant . Take of Mastick Pil and Rubarb in pouder , eachʒss . Salt of Wormwood ℈ i. Oyl of Rosemary distilled 8. drops ; Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Snail-water sufficient . Mix them , and make 12 Pills , which guild ; they are to be taken three in a morning once a week , and to be given more or fewer as they work , drinking Whey after them . Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Rosemary , Betony , and Clove-Gilliflowers , each ℥ ij . Species Diamb. ʒij . Pearl in pouder , ʒi . Red Coral in pouderʒiss . Salt of Wormwoodʒij . with sufficient of the Syrup of Citron Pills , Make an Electuary every day : Besides take morning and night the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Electuary , and four spoonfuls of the following Julep , as also take of the same any time when you are troubled with Vapors or fainting , three or four spoonfulls . Take of the Waters of Line-trees-flowers , and Black-cherrys , each ℥ iv . Hysteric Water , ℥ ij . Whitest Sugar ℥ i. Castor tyed up in a Sarcenet , and hung in a glass ʒss . Mix them , make the following Dyet-drink which use constantly , meals and all , for two or three months . Brew some Middle-Ale for a Vessel of six Gallons , Boyl in the Wort 4 handfuls of Fir , 2 handfuls of Rosemary-chips , and hang in the Vessel of Sage and Scurvy-grass , each Mij . of Dock-Roots sliced and dryed , ℥ vi . Tap it at a week old , and make one Vessel under another . FINIS . DIRECTIONS For such as drink the Bath-Water . Collected by H. S. Revised and approved by Sir Alexander Frasier , principal Physician to his Majesty . THere being many unthought of Inconveniences , and many unexpected Accidents , which frequently befall such as resort unto , and make use of the hot Baths in Europe , by way of drinking them medicinally ; the best provision that can be made against such perillous Contingencies , is , that the Patient regulate himself according to the most rational and exact Rules of Physick ; and having duly prepared the Body according to them , before he begin to drink , that he pursue a most orderly Course of Diet , and cautelously deport himself in all those Circumstances , which Physicians include under that Notion . Upon this account it is , that the universal Consent and Practice of Mankind seems to have enacted this into a standing Law , That none should wantonly , and with contempt of all Dietetical Rules , make use of those Mineral Drinks ; but that all Circumstances relating thereto , should be conformable to Moderation and Temperance . It behoveth therefore such Persons to avoid , during such a Course , all surcharge of Meat , all excess of Drink ; that they neither indulge themselves with too much sleep , nor maccrate or enflame their Bodies by immoderate watching ; that they neither debilitate Nature by so violent exercise as may introduce a Lassitude ; nor retard the distribution , digestion , and evacuation of those Mineral Waters by Sloth and In-activity ; that such excrementitious Collections , as Nature customarily produceth in human Bodies , be duly evacuated , and neither too long retained , nor too precipitously discharged ; that the Mind be composed into such a cheerfulness and gaiety , as may prevent all disorderly Passions and Lusts. The Effect of the Bath-Waters being drunk , is , to discharge the whole Body from all Impurities that are incorrigible ; to correct those that are capable of Amendment ; to free the innate heat or Ferments of each part which are oppressed through any surcharge , or peccancy of Humors ; and to restore or revive those that otherwise languish , or are some way decayed . And this is done , not by any one manner of Operation in them , but by their complicated working at one time of sundry evacuations . It is manifest , that they operate by Stool several times , once , twice , thrice , four times , or more . It is no less evident that they operate by Vrine , so as to discharge themselves oftentimes in a greater quantity than what is drunk , commonly in an equal quantity , and frequently in a proportion somewhat less ; of the last instance there being several degrees observable . It is also manifest , that they promote not only insensible Transpiration , but Sweat ; the latter being more or less copious , according to the Constitution of the Patient , antecedent Preparation , and the ambient , whether taken abroad in the open Air , or in Bed. The Effects they have in reference to Transpiration insensible , are particularly evinced by this Observation of the Laundresses in Bath , That those which drink the said Waters , do foul their Linnen more than other People do , or than themselves do at other times , when yet it is equally worn . I doubt not , but that others as well as my self , may have observed , that several Hypochondriacal Persons have found another Operation in those Waters , viz. That upon drinking them they have found their Spittle attenuated , a●d the discharge thereof by Salivation encreased at the beginning . The like Effect I have seen in some Pulmonicks . Neither is it to be supposed , that these Waters discharge themselves purely in an insipid , limpid , aqueous Vrine . For ( not to mention sundry ways , I have tried and discovered Heterogeneous Contents in such Urine ) I have seen a Person deeply and inveterately Hypochondriacal , who avoided his Waters at the beginning ( and yet they passed well ) deeply tinged with Choler , as much as is to be seen in the Colick Bilious . I have also seen Persons , whose Lungs , Head , and Habit of Body , were oppressed with viscid Phlegm , to avoid Urines , which though pale , yet by the lasting consistence of viscid Bubbles , and ever great Froth thereon upon any agitation , sufficiently shewed the mixture of the dissolved Phlegm . And when they pass much in the night , they come away more or less tinged , according to the Nature of the Patient , the Disease , the Method and Circumspection used for his Cure. The Operation of these Waters being such , as it is not difficult for an intelligent Physician to conjecture in what Diseases it is requisite or beneficial to drink these Waters ; so it will likewise seem evident , that a due preparation is necessary for such as expect benefit thereby . Neither will any knowing Physician imagin , that the exhibiting of one Dose of purging Pills , a Potion , or a Bolus , is a sufficient Preparative for the successful drinking of these Waters . For seeing that a stable Health consists herein principally , that the Excrements of the first , and subsequent Concoctions be discharged by all those ways whereby these Waters do operate . And since that in morbid Persons there are not only Depravations in the Chyle , Mass of Blood , and other Alimentary Juices ; but also in the Chyliferous , Sanguiferous , Lymphatic Vessels Nerves and Glandules , ( not to mention other things ) the universal Amendment whereof is no less requisite to a constancy of Health , than it is to Liquors , what they are , and through what Canals they run ; no understanding Person will conclude otherwise than that according to the several Constitutions and Indispositions of Patients , there must be different Preparations made , ( and those in conformity to the Methods which solid Physic prescribes ) before they can propose to themselves any great or durable benefit by the use of these Waters . Let us then inculcate that Aphorism of Hippocrates to all such as shall repair to these Waters , Corpora qui purgare volet , fluida efficiat oportet : He that would conveniently purge any Person , must dispose the Humors to a fluidity , and relax the Passages first , by which they are to be evacuated . To the most beneficial operation of Medicaments , it is requisite that there be an universal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that the Humors be fluxile , and the Passages pervious : The which is so much the more to be regarded in respect to the Bath-Waters , because they do not as other Medicaments , operate after one determinate manner , but more catholicly . But more especially Obstructions of the Mesentery are to be regarded , because the Waters are more particularly to pass through those parts . Let us also lay down this for another Rule , that these Waters are not to be looked upon as being in themselves an entire Course of Physic , but that subsidiary Helps of Purges , and other Medicaments , appropriated to respective Diseases , will be requisite to the compleating of their Effects . And if the solitary or immethodical use of these Waters hath ever been successful , ( which is not to be denied ) the f●rtunate Rashness of such Persons ought not to be drawn into a President , by the considering part of Mankind ; there being so many Instances of their being unsuccessful , and sometimes prejudicial , through the neglect or ignorance of this Caution . These things being premised , the Manner of drinking these Waters , which the Generality of Persons ought to follow , and which Reason it self dictates , is this : I. That they begin with drinking of the Waters , and conclude ( if their condition permit ) with bathing . For Bathing is but a particular and local Remedy , Drinking a more general or universal . Therefore according to the established Maxims of Physic , the latter ought to precede the former . Besides , the drinking of these Waters , by opening Obstructions , attenuating some , and evacuating other Humors , doth prepare the way for Bathing , whereby the Reliques are evacuated by sweat , and the habit of the Body corroborated . But reiterated Bathing doth not prepare the Body for drinking ; if it open the Pores , and discuss some Humors , it attracts into the Habit of the Body others that are crude , gross , and unfit to be discussed by sweat or transpiration ; it puts the Humors lodged in the Hypochondria into an Aestuation and Turgency , and raiseth Vapors as well as Defluxions upon the outward and inward Parts . Also Bathing , being accompanied with sweating , hinders evacuation , by Stool and Vrine , and consequently puts Nature into a Course altogether opposite to what is to be expected and wished in the drinking of the Waters . From whence it is manifest , that to begin with a Course of Bathing and Sweating , and to terminate with a Course of drinking the Waters , is not only irrational , but dangerous , viz. Sicui potus & lavacrum utendum sit , is per plures dies anteà bibat , & posteà lavet , non è contrà ; ex potu tamen purgatio ferè intelligitur ; ex Balneo autem alteratio , rectificatioque , & confortatio membrorum . At hoc inter prima Medicinae instituta est , purgari priùs debere corpus quàm alterari , & confortari . — Non ante copius esse locum remediis , quàm universo corpori generalibus praesidiis sit prospectum in confesso est apud omnes , & ratio suadet : Alioquin enim pleno corpore adhibita fluxiones majores in partes concitarit jam ante imbecilles & morbo la●efactatas , ex quo fit ut non tantùm optatum finem praeposterâ curandi ratione instituta minimè consequamur , sed & geminato morbo majus aegroto malum creemus . Jam verò aquas medicatas Baln●o usurpatas in l●calium numero esse notius est , quam ut pluribus probari debeat . I cannot but here take notice , that sometimes , when the Waters have not passed well by Vrine , I have caused the Patient to go once or so into the Crosse Bath , and there caused them to stay about half an hour , or more ; and after that commanded them to rise without sweating much ; and hereby , ( together with Phleboromy ) I have effected that the Waters have passed freely afterwards : the Vrinal Passages being relaxed and opened by the moderate Heat , and other Qualities of that Bath . Also in Persons of a Phlegmatic Constitution , be it natural or morbid , I have directed that they should use the Cross-Bath for a week ( neither continuing long in , nor sweating much afterwards , ) before they drunk these Waters ; there being no fear that in such the Hypocondriacal Aestuations should arise , or that any Catarrhous Pains should happen ; but rather that the cold and viscid Humors should be attenuated , the Vrinal Passages expedited , and the Body with ease prepared for subsequent Physic , and drinking of the Waters . II. That they begin to drink these Waters by degrees , proceeding from a smaller quantity to a greater ; and having arrived to the largest Dose , there to stay several days ; and then by the like degrees contract their draughts , until they desist . The whole Course of drinking being thus finished in fourteen days , or twenty days at most . ARS COSMETICA : Collections from Persons of great Quality , being choice Receipts for the Beautifying of the Face and Body ; by Dr. Stubbs . These following were the Receipts of a Maid of the Dutchess of Orleans , and after a Gentlewoman to an honourable Lady in this Nation : She was eminent for Cosmetics ; and these were particularly commended to my Esteem by the said Lady . To make Spanish White . TAke a glased Earthen Pot of four or five pints , anoint the Pot with fresh Lard of a Male Pork , then fill it with good White-wine-vinegar , and put in a good quantity of new-laid Egg-shells ; then cover the Pot with a leaden Cover , and bury it in the Ground for three or four weeks : then take of the White that sticks to the Cover of the Pot , and keep it for your use . A Pomade for the Face . Take six dozen of Sheeps Feet , break the Bones , and take out the Marrow ; then boil the Feet well , and scum off the Oil that rises , and save it in a new Pot , with the foresaid Marrow , to which put the four great cold Seeds peel'd and beaten well , and mixed with the Marrow . Then take the Rind of one Citron , two penny-worth of Borax , three Cloves of white Lilly roots well beaten , a little white Rose-water , or Plantain-water ; boil all together for the space of two hours , then strain it into a Dish of Spring-water , and wash it with divers Waters till it be white . Use this at night . To make Gloves to whiten the Hands . Take new Gloves , to every pair an ounce of Virgins-Wax , and as much Sperma Ceti , Camphire and Borax , each the quantity of a Bean ; Oil of Gourd seeds , or any other of the greater cold Seeds , ℥ j. Pomatum , as much as a Nut ; melt all together . Then turn the Gloves , and dip or spread it on the inside , and let it cool ; then rub it in before a gentle Fire . Then grease them very well with ʒii ℈ i of any Oil of the cold Seeds to each pair , then turn them again , and lay them in a course damp Cloth , not touching each other for twenty four hours . To make them the cooler , hang them upon a Line in May , to air for eight nights . To make the same an easier way . Take of the Oil of the four cold Seeds drawn by expression without Fire ℥ i. Pomatum as much as a Nut , White waxʒij . Sperma Cetiʒi . Camphire , the quantity of a Nut ; Borax poudered ʒss . Melt the Wax , then put all the rest in , and last of all the Oil ; when all is melted , ( when it is warm , and never boils or is near it , ) dip the Gloves in , and rub it well in all over ; open them , and let them cool . That you may rub it in the better , you must draw the Gloves , being turned , upon your hands , when they are cool . Wear them night and day under others , to make the Hands smooth and white . For the Lips , a Pomatum . Take Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ iiij . red Wax ℥ ss . melt them together over a Chafing-dish . Steep ʒii of Alkanet roots in a Glass of Rose-water twenty four hours , when it is red , put in the said Pomatum into the Water ; stir it together until it look red , then let out all the Water , and keep it for use . Pomatum for the Hair , to make it grow . Take of Bears grease lb i . Virgins wax ℥ iiij . white Lilly roots , five or six cloves , white Honey , and of the Essence of Honey , each ℥ i. boil them all for half an hour in a new earthen Pot , either in the Water of Walnut-leaves , or of Honey distilled , two or three pints , boil them well , strain it , and wash it till it be white . To make Butter of Oranges or Jessemins . Take Barrowes grease pick'd and wash'd ℥ iiij . to which add of the Essence or Oil of Jessemin or of Orange flowers ℥ i or ij . as you please to have it scented higher or lower ; add Virgins Wax ℥ ii . put them into a Silver Cup or Pot close covered , and set it in a Skillet of Water , yet so that none come into it . Make it boil apace , so as to melt the Stuff , then pour it hot into a Silver Bason , and beat it so long till it is become very white , without adding any Water . A Paste for the Hands . Take of bitter Almonds blanched , and beaten to Paste with Rose water ; sprinkle them with the Yolk of an Egg , which hath been beaten with Sack , add thereto Bean-flower to make a Paste . A good Water for the Complexion . Take of Sea-Purslain the smallest , put it into a Glass Vial , with a like quantity of the Juice of Limons ; let them sleep fourteen days , and then set it in the Sun nine days ; then wash with it evening and morning . Fumitory Water distilled in Balneo , is good for the Complexion . Another Water for the Complexion . Boil of French Barly M j. in Water lb ij. strain it , let it settle , take of the clear lb iss . and make therewith Almond-Milk with bitter Almonds blanched and beaten lb ss. adding to it two Glasses of White-wine ; or if the Face be red , add so much Vinegar instead of the Wine . Against Sun-burning or Morphew . Anoint them with Oil of Walnuts thrice in the three first evenings in March. If the Party hath a shining Complexion , and fatty , mix with the Oil so much White-wine , and beat them well together before you use them at night . To make the Verjuyce of Montpelier , which is highly esteemed in France for the Complexion . Take of the best Verjuice two quarts , put to it Litharge of Gold , washed before in Plantain-water , and dried , lb i . beat it to pouder , and put it and the Verjuice together ; di●til it in Balneo for use . It is also very good for a red Face . To make Teeth white . Take of Aqua fortis , fair Water , Honey , each ℥ ii . boil all these together , and scum them well , and rub the Teeth with this , and they will be as white as Snow . Lucatella of Venice . To preserve the Hair. A Right Honourable Countess yet living , never used any Pouder in her Hair , but only in March and September , which being well rubbed in , was carefully combed out at the same time ; and every week she had the roots of her Hair carefully rubbed with Jessemin Butter , and rubbed out with a Cloth , to take off any Dandriff or Scurf of the Head , which might rot it at the roots . To dye the Hair black . Take pouder of black Lead , and put it into fair Water a while , and it will colour it black ; then wash the Hair you would colour with a Spunge wet therein , and cleanse the Head every morning , and repeat the Wash , for it will colour , and come off upon any Head-cloth . This was used by an honourable Countess , and a Lady ; nor was it possible to discern the colour , tho both their Hairs were as red as Foxes . Their Eye-lids were coloured with the steam of a Candle , gathered in a Pewte● , and put on with a small Spunge . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A45063-e5850 Collyrium for the Eyes . ☞ ☞ Notes for div A45063-e51690 With a Fever With want of Sleep . Drinking Milk , and how ? Mineral Water , and how . Notes for div A45063-e81670 Andr ▪ Baccius de Thermis , l. 2. c. 10. & l. 3. c. 1. Joan. Paul●● . de Fonte B●llensi . lib. 2. c. 3. vid. & A●dr ▪ L●bar . de 〈◊〉 . Taberanis , lib. 2. c. 13. 
A53921	----	The store-house of physical practice being a general treatise of the causes and signs of all diseases afflicting human bodies : together with the shortest, plainest and safest way of curing them, by method, medicine and diet : to which is added, for the benefit of young practicers, several choice forms of medicines used by the London physicians / by John Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. 1695 Approx. 1055 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 263 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A53921 Wing P1030 ESTC R17969 12657369 ocm 12657369 65404 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A53921) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 65404) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 364:4) The store-house of physical practice being a general treatise of the causes and signs of all diseases afflicting human bodies : together with the shortest, plainest and safest way of curing them, by method, medicine and diet : to which is added, for the benefit of young practicers, several choice forms of medicines used by the London physicians / by John Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. [8], 320, 355-544, [2] p. Printed for Henry Bonwicke ..., London : 1695. First ed. Cf. BM. Advertisement p. [1]-[2] at end. Reproduction of original in Royal College of Physicians Library, London. Includes index. 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Medicine -- Early works to 1800. 2006-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-10 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-01 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2007-01 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Store-house of Physical Practice : Being a General TREATISE OF THE Causes and Signs OF ALL DISEASES AFFLICTING Human Bodies . TOGETHER With the Shortest , Plainest and Safest way of Curing them , by Method , Medicine and Diet. To which is added , for the Benefit of Young Practisers , several choice Forms of Medicines used by the London Physicians . By JOHN PECHEY , of the College of Physicians in London . LONDON : Printed for Henry Bonwicke , at the Red Lyon in St. Paul's Church-yard , MDCXCV . HONOR VIRTUTIS PRAEMIUM THE PREFACE . I Believe nothing has so much obstructed the Improvement of the Art of Physick , as the late unaccountable Humour of Romancing on the Nature and the Causes of Diseases : For in many of our modern Authors , the greatest part of the Paper is wasted about flourishing a Whimsoe , to make it pass for a probable Supposition ( and hence the noble Art is term'd conjectural ) so that in some of them scarce a Page can be spared for the Cure , that which is the main of the Business being huddled up or touch'd on by the by . Whereas Reason and Argument are not the true Tests of Physick , nor indeed of any thing else , when Experience , the great Baffler of Speculation , can determine the Matter . And , which is strange , this unkind usage of the Art is privileg'd by a sort of Men , who are set apart for the well ordering of Physick ; and these Broachers of Whimsies , dignified with the Titles of Philosophers and Virtuoso's . From what has been said , the following plain Practice must expect but cold Entertainment with the speculative Physician ; but such as mind and study Practice , will , I question not , patronize the Vndertaking ; when , upon the perusal , they find in this One Treatise , the Sum and Substance of several voluminous Authors ; it being a Collection of such Methods and Medicines , as I thought best and most useful : But it is chiefly design'd for young Practisers , and may serve as their Vade Mecum , where they may readily turn to any Disease , and at once view the Diagnosticks and Cure. And here it may not be improper to add briefly , for the Benefit of young Physicians , some Directions relating to Study and Practice . And , first , spend not too much time upon Anatomy , Chymistry and Herbs ; for tho' the knowledge of these is not only ornamental but useful too , yet if you consume the greatest part of your time in these Preliminaries , you will be as foppish as those young Sparks that give themselves up to Dancing and Fiddling , and neglect Arms and History , the true Accomplishments of a Gentleman : But above all , be not inveigled with an Hypothesis , the bane of Art. In the next place , associate with such practical Physicians as make their own Medicines , and assist in the making of Medicines , and see their Practice ; for by this means ( such being usually call'd in at the beginning of the Disease ) you may observe a whole process of Cure ; whereas those that only prescribe , are seldom sent for till the Disease is incurable . Moreover , add Reading to Practice , and every day let some time be allotted for Study ; and so you will be confirm'd , and in a great measure freed from those anxious and vexatious Thoughts , that continually afflict Physicians when they are not incouraged and strengthen'd by the assistance of good Authors . Is it not , therefore , most adviseable to abate something of the gayity of Youth , and to apply , in time , to serious Matters , that thereby you may procure a lasting Peace with your Selves , and a comfortable Repose for Age ? For tho' many pleasant Surprizes daily occur in Youth , that make the World , for a time , a very agreeable Habitation , yet the continual Reflections on the Follies of it , in our fading Years , render the Mind sour and uneasy . To conclude , I shall add one short Note , which I desire all young Physicians to observe well , viz. That you have a regard to the predominant Symptom ; for in many Cases you must for a time desist from the method of curing the Original Disease , and immediately bend all your force against the urgent Symptom ; otherwise the Patient will be destroy'd before the Disease can be cur'd . From the Angel and Crown in Bazing-lane , London . January the 22d , 1694 / 5. THE INDEX . A. ABscess of the Stomach , 215 After-pains , 421 Agues , 499 Albugo , 46 Anasarca , 265 Apoplexy , 14 Appetite , lost , 188 Asthma , 127 B. BArrenness , 396 Belching , 193 Bladders in the Eye , 59 Bladder inflamed , 288 Bleeding at Nose , 100 C. CAncer of the Womb , 384 Cancer of the Cornea , 61 Catalepsis , 18 Carus , 14 Catarrh , 28 Celiac passion , 240 Childrens Convulsions , 9 Childrens Diseases , 429 Dead Child , 415 Child-bed Purgations suppressed , 419 Cholera morbus , 205 Cholic , 222 Cholic , bilious , 229 Cholic hysteric , 233 Clorosis , 314 Coma , 14 Consumption , 152 Convulsion , 25 Coryza , 98 Costiveness , 238 Courses , stopt , 316 Courses , immoderate , 355 D. DEafness , 72 Diabetes , 302 Dilatation of the Pupil , 43 Diarrhaea , 242 Diseases of the glassy Humour , 37 Diseases of the christalline Humour , 38 Diseases of the watery Humour , 39 Acute Diseases in Child-bed , 425 Dropsie , 257 Dropsie of the Womb , 388 Dysury , 311 E. EArs , Noise in them , 78 Ears , Pain in them , 79 Ears , Things coming out of them , 88 Empy●ma , 149 Encan●his , 67 Epiphora , 68 F. FAinting , 179 Falling-sickness , 6 Falling of the Vvea , 64 Fever , pestilential , 464 Fever , continual , 482 Fever , scarlet , 493 Fevers of Children , 494 Fevers , intermitting , 502 Fistula Lachrimalis , 64 Flux , bloody , 245 Flux of the Hemorrhoids immoderate , 254 Forms of Medicines , 527 G. GIddiness , 4 Gout , 451 Green-sickness , 314 Gums , ulcerated , 119 Gums , bleeding , 120 Gutta serena , 32 H. HEad-ach , 30 Heart , trembling of it , 183 Hicops , 197 Hypochondriack Diseases , 358 Hysteric Diseases , ibib I. JAundice , 255 Jaws , ulcerated , 121 Inflamation of the Tongue , 103 Inflamation of the Stomach , 215 Inflation of the Womb , 388 Iliac passion , 236 Incontinence of Vrine , 303 Itch , 522 L. LAbour , hard , 410 Lethargy , 14 Loosness , 242 Lyentery , 240 M. MAdness , 3 Matter collected under the Cornea , 58 Measles , 478 Miscarriage , 401 Mouth , ulcerated , 121 N. NArrowness of the Pupil , 46 Nauseousness , 193 Nephritic pain , 284 Night-mare , 12 Nostrills , Ill scent in them . 97 Nurse , choice of one , 429 O. OPthalmia , 49 Over-purging , 504 Ozaena , 90 P. PAlpitation of the Heart , 183 Palsie , 19 Palsie of the Tongue , 109 Peripneumonia , 136 Bastard Peripneumonia , 146 Phrensie , 1 Piles , 254 Piles , painful , ibid Pimples in the Face , 522 Plague , 464 Pleurisie , 130 Polypus , 92 Small Pox , 467 French Pox , 505 Q. QUinsie , 126 R. RAnula under the Tongue , 105 Reins inflamed , 288 Rheumatism , 461 Rickets , 440 Rhyas , 67 Rupture of the Cornea , 63 S. SArcoma , 92 Schirrhus of the Womb , 381 Scurvy , 268 Secundine retain'd , 416 Smelling , lost , 95 Sneezing , 99 Spitting of Blood , 100 Spots in the Eyes , 46 Spots in the Face , 522 Stomach-pain , 207 Stone in the Kidnies , 284 Stone in the Bladder , 286 Stranguary , 307 Suffusion , 39 Swooning , 179 T. TAsting , diminish'd , 107 Teeth , black , 117 Tenesmus , 249 Timpany , 262 Trembling , 28 Tumors of the Tongue , 103 U. ULcers of the Tunicks of the Eye , 60 Ulcers of the Nostrils , 90 Ulcers of the Stomach , 215 Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder , 295 Unguis Oculorum , 71 Vomiting , 193 Urine , suppress'd , 307 Urine , hot , 311 Urine , bloody , 292 Uvula , relaxed , 124 W. WEakness , 187 Whites , 357 Womb , inflamed , 371 Womb , ulcerated , 375 Womb , mortified , 387 Womb , falling , 395 Worms , 252 THE STORE-HOUSE OF Physical Practice . Diseases of the HEAD . CHAP. I. Of a Phrensie . A Phrensie , in Latin , Phrenitis , is twofold , True and Spurious . A true Phrensie is an inflamation of the Brain and Membranes of it , with a perpetual Delirium , and a continual Acute Feaver . A Bastard Phrensie proceeds from an hot intemperies communicated to the Brain from the whole Body ; as in Burning Feavers , or from the inflamation of some particular part , as of the Liver , Lungs , and especially the Diaphragm . The Causes of a true Phrensie proceed from Cholerick Blood extravasated . The Signs of an approaching Phrensie , are Watchings , disturbed Sleep , immoderate Speech , Urine first Thick , then Thin and Clear ; Heat and Pain in the Head , and the like . A Phrensie is known by perpetual Raving , restless Watching , and by drawing the Breath deep , and seldom , and the Sick does not call for Drink ; though there are great and apparent causes of Thirst ; the Pulse is small , frequent , and quick ; the Feaver is continual , and the Tongue black , yellow or rough . A Phrensie is generally deadly , because the Noble Parts are generally affected : But there is most hopes of Recovery when they Laugh , and when all the symptoms are moderate , and when the Strength is good ; and if after the Disease is at height , some evacuation happens , as by Sweat , Bleeding at the Nose , or a Loosness : The following Signs shew it to be deadly , trembling of the Hands and Tongue , gnashing of the Teeth , Convulsion , and a shaking at the beginning of it , catching of the Cloaths , black Blood droping from the Nose , white Stools , and a pale Urine . CVRE . The Blood flowing to the Head must be evacuated , repelled , intercepted , and a revulsion of it must be made . That which is already flown in must be evacuated and discussed ; the intemperies of the part must be corrected , and the strength of it , and of the whole Body must be preserved . All these things may be performed by the following remedies : But first of all , and at any time of the day , Bleeding must be used . If it be occasion'd by a suppression of the Lochia , or of the Courses ▪ or of the Hemorrhoids , the Vein call'd Saphena must be open'd in the Foot ; afterwards you must open a Vein in the Arm , to evacuate the Blood that is put off upon the Head , Bleeding is to be repeated twice , thrice , or more , according to the height of the Disease , and the Age , and Strength of the Patient . Note in opening of the Vein , the Orifice must be small ; for otherwise the restlesness of the Sick will force the Blood out , and so make it joyn the sooner ; you may apply a Plaister to it made of Aloes , the White of an Egg , and Hares Down . After Bleeding you must endeavour to procure Sleep , by applying cooling things to the Forehead and Temples , and Anodine Medicines must be given inwardly . Take of Lettice and Purslain Water each one Ounce , of Diacodium half an Ounce , or six Drams , of Syrup of Lemons half an Ounce , make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time . The Sick may take often of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of Lettice , Purslain , Roses , red Poppies each three Ounces , Syrup of Violets and Pomgranats each one Ounce and an half , of Sal prunella three Drams , make a Julep . The Dose is three or four spoonfuls at a time , four or five times a day . When Bleeding cannot be used , Cupping-glasses must be applied , with deep Scarification , first to the lower Parts , viz. the Thighs , &c. then to the upper Parts , viz. to the Shoulders , &c. And afterwards you may apply them without Scarification to the Legs and other parts : Blisters may be also conveniently applied to the Shoulders and Arms , and a cooling Glyster must be daily injected . For instance . Take of the common decoction for Glysters one Pint ; dissolve in it one Ounce of Lenitive Electuary , and four Ounces of Brown Sugar ; make a Glyster . Note , That the quantity of the Glyster must be varied , according to the Age and Bigness of the Patient . Bleeding in the Nose , by pricking often with a Lancet , the Nostrils where the Hairs grow , does much good ; and also Leeches applied behind the Ears , to the Nostrils and Forehead . CHAP. II. Of Madness . MAdness , in Latin , Mania . This Disease does not kill of it self , yet it is very difficult to Cure , especially if it be hereditary . CVRE . Bleeding , Vomiting , and strong Purges are to be frequently used ; with which , and severe Discipline , it is frequently Cur'd : But if the Disease be mild , kind words and good usage , and gentle Physick does oftentimes the business : But in most Bleeding must be us'd to a great quantity in the beginning of the Disease , sometimes in the Arm , and sometimes in the Jugular Vein , in the Forehead , Foot , or drawn from the Hemorrhoidal Veins by Leeches ▪ Vomits do also a great deal of good : But such as are Chymical are best , because they work most powerfully , and the Sick may be easily cheated with them . Take of Sulphur of Antimony eight or ten grains , of cream of Tartar half a Scruple ; mix them and give it in a spoonful of Broth , or with Bread : Repeat this Vomit once in four days . Strong Purges are also frequently used : As , Take of extract of black Hellebore , and Calamelanos each one Scruple , mix them , and make a Bolus to be taken in the Morning . Betwixt the Evacuations , such things may be used as attemperate the Blood , if the Sick will take them , as Steel-waters , Whey , and the like . For preservation , such People as are subject to Madness , should Purge and Bleed Spring and Fall. CHAP. III. Of Giddiness . GIddiness , in Latin , Vertigo . There are two sorts of it ; in one the Sight is taken away ; in the other it is not . The Cause of Giddiness is a circumvolution of the Spirits . An idiopathick Giddiness is known by Pains , and dulness in the Head , a dulness of the Sight , noise in the Ears , Deafness , and the like . The peccant Matter is discovered by the following Signs ; dulness of the outward and inward Senses , Sloth , much Sleep , much Spitting , want of Appetite , and of Thirst ; a white and crude Urine shew that Flegm abounds ; watching , anger , activity of Body , thirst , a quick Pulse , thin and yellow Urine , signifie that Choler is peccant ; fear , sadness , disturbed thoughts , long watching , dreadful Dreams , soure belchings , and the like , signifie Melancholy abounds : The bigness and stiffness of the Veins , a florid Countenance , and heat of the Face , beating of the Temples , dulness of the Head , weariness , or a red and thick Urine , and sometimes a thin , when there is a translation to the Head , signifie that Blood abounds . A sympathetick Giddiness is known by the absence of the Symptoms that proceed from the Head , and when there is no apparent Disease in the Brain . Want of Appetite , nauciousness , soure Belching , Pain , or Wind in the Stomach , signifie that it proceeds from the Stomach ; that a Giddiness proceeds from the Liver , Spleen , or Womb , is known by the following Signs : When it proceeds from the Spleen there are frequent and large evacuations of Wind , inflation of the Belly , soure Belchings , and the like ; when from the Womb , there is stopage of the Courses , or Hysterick Fits. A Giddiness that is recent , and seldom invades , and that which is occasioned by external Causes is light , and easily Cured ; that which is inveterate and frequent , most commonly ends in the Falling Sickness , or Apoplexy . CVRE . The Cure is much the same with the Falling Sickness : which see in the Chapter of the Falling Sickness : But when it is small it does not need so large a course of Physick as is requisite for the Cure of the Falling Sickness . But those things will be sufficient which I shall here set down . First therefore , if Blood abounds , inject a pretty sharp Glyster , and afterwards Bleed ; then Purge with the following Pills . Take of the fetid Pills two Scruples , of Resin of Jalap five grains , with a sufficient quantity of Galbanum dissolved in Briony Water ; make seven Pills to be taken in the Morning ; repeat them Thrice . But if the Patient cannot take Pills , the following Purging Potion may be given instead of them . Take of Gerions decoction six Ounces , boil in it of the Fibres of black Hellebore , and of Agarick each one Dram and an half ; strain it , and add an Ounce of the Syrup of Roses Solutive , and two Drams of Compound Briony Water . Make a Potion . Afterwards let the Patient use the following Sneesing Powder . Take of the Leaves of Marjoram , Sage , Rosemary dried , each half a Dram , of the Roots of Pellitory of Spain and white Hellebore each one Scruple , of Musk three Grains ; make a Powder . Cupping-glasses with and without Scarification , frictions of the extream parts , Bleeding from the Hemorrhoidal Veins may be used to cause revulsion . Blisters are also of use for derivation . Afterwards use such things as are proper to strengthen the Head , which you will find in the Chapter of an Epilepsie . The Conserves of the Flowers of Marrygolds is counted by some a Specifick for Giddiness . CHAP. IV. Of the Falling Sickness . THE Falling Sickness , in Latin , Epilepsia , is an universal and violent Convulsion ; the Fit most commonly comes of a sudden , and precipitates in the twinkling of an Eye to the Earth , and deprives a Man of Sense and Understanding ; for they seem rather forcibly thrown down , than to fall ; and that part which first comes to the Ground , is most commonly bruised or wounded . They gnash with their Teeth , foam at the Mouth , and often beat their Heads against the Ground ; their Arms and Legs either become rigid , or tossed here or there . Some beat their Breasts violently , and some cast their Bodies impetuously hither and thither : But in most the Belly swells much . After some time , sometimes sooner , sometimes longer , the symptoms suddenly cease , as if the Tragedy were just ended , and then the Sick come to themselves again , and are sensible ; but there remains after the Fit is gone off a pain in the Head , and a dulness in their Senses , and often a Giddiness . The Fits are sometimes wont to come at set times of the day , month , or year ; but most commonly according to the greater turns of the year , or according to the Conjunctions , or opposite Aspects of the Moon , or Sun , they return more certainly , and afflict more violently ; and sometimes the Fits are uncertain , and come as occasion is offered , and according to the variety of evident Causes . Sometimes they are gentle , sometimes violent ; sometimes , though rarely , some Signs forewarn the Epileptick person of a Fit before he falls , as a dulness of the Head ; sparkling of Fire before the Eyes , Noise in the Ears , and the like . Sometimes a Convulsion in some outward part , as in the Arm , or in the Leg , or in the Back , or in the Hypochondres , precedes , which rising from thence like a cold Air towards the Head , occasions the Fit. CVRE . You must begin with Purging ; but if the Sick bear Vomiting well , a Vomit must be first given , and must be repeated for several months , four days before the Full Moon . Wine of Squills mixed with fresh Oyl of Sweet Almonds ; or half a Scruple or a Scruple of Salt of Vitriol may be given to Infants : But for grown People , and such as are of a strong Constitution , the following forms of Medicines may be prescribed . Take of Crocus Metallorum , or of Mercurius Vitae four or six grains , Mercurius dulcis fifteen Grains , or a Scruple , grind them together upon a Stone , mix them with the Pap of a roasted Apple , or Conserve of Borrage ; make a Bolus . Or give half an Ounce , one Ounce , or one Ounce and an half of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum , or of Mercurius Vitae , made in Spanish Wine , according to the Strength of the Sick : Or , Take of Emetick Tartar four or six grains . They that are of a weak Constitution may take a Scruple or half a Dram of Salt of Vitriol , and half an hour after let them drink several Pints of Posset-drink ; and then with a Feather , or with the Finger , let them provoke themselves to Vomit often . The next day after the Vomit , unless any thing forbid , draw Blood from the Arm , or by the Sucking of Leeches from the Hemorrhoidal Veins ; and the next day after Bleeding , give a Purging Medicine , which afterwards must be constantly repeated four days before the New Moon . Take of Rosin of Jalap half a Scruple , of Mercurius dulcis one Scruple , of Castor three Grains , of Conserve of the Flowers of Peony one Dram , make a Bolus to be taken in the Morning : Or , Take of the Fibres of black Hellebore infused in Vinegar , dried and pouder'd half a Dram , of Ginger half a Scruple , of Salt of Wormwood twelve Grains , of Oyl of Ambar two drops ; make a Pouder , give it in the Pulp of a roasted Apple in the Morning . Of the days the Sick does not Purge , especially at the Seasons of the Moon , give Morning and Evening specifick Remedies . Take of the Roots of male Peony dried and poudered , one , two , or three Drams ; give it twice a day in the following tincture , at eight in the Morning , and at four in the Afternoon . Take of the Leaves of Misleto of the Oak two Drams , of the Roots of Peony cut , half an Ounce , of Castor one Dram ; put them into a Glass , and pour upon them , of Bettony Water , or of simple Peony Water , and of White Wine each a Pint , of Salt of Misleto of the Oak , or of Common Salt two Drams : Digest them in a close Vessel in the heat of Sand for two days . Give three Ounces with a Dose of the Powder above prescribed . At the same time make a Necklace with Peony Roots sliced , and hang it about the Neck , and the Roots fried or boiled till they are soft , may be eat daily with the Meat . Take of Man's Skull prepared one Ounce , of misleto of the Oak , factitious Cinnabar , and of Elk's Hoof , each half an Ounce . Dose , half a Scruple , or one Scruple . Some find benefit by Shaving the Head , and by applying to the forepart of it a Plaister . Take of the Roots and Seeds of Peony , of Castor , of Misleto of the Oak , and of Man's Skull finely powder'd , each one Dram , of the Plaister of Bettony two Ounces , of Carrana , Tacamahaca , each two Drams , of Balsam Copaiba a sufficient quantity : make a Plaister spread on Leather , and apply it to the Sutures of the Head. Anoint the Temples and Nostrils often with Oyl of Ambar , either by it self , or mixed with Oyl of Copaiba , Sneesing Powders , and Apophlegmatisms must be used every Morning . Take of white Hellebore one ounce , of Castor and Euphorbium each half a dram , of sweet Marjoram , and the Leaves of Rue each two drams , make a Powder , which you may dissolve with Mustard in a decoction of Sage , or hyssop , and with it wash and gargle the Mouth . Glysters may be used daily upon occasion . 'T is said that six or eight Ounces of the decoction of Gujacum taken twice a day , and the second decoction of it used for ordinary drink , as is used in the French Pox , will Cure this Disease . CHAP. V. Of Childrens Convulsions . CHildrens Convulsions , in Latin , Epilepsia puerorum , are so frequent , that it is almost the only Species of Convulsions . They are chiefly subject to them in the first Month , and at the time they breed Teeth ; but they also happen at other times , and proceed from other causes in such are disposed to them : Sometimes they do not come presently after the Birth , but lye hid until the breeding of Teeth , or not till a great while after , and take their rise from other evident Causes either Internal or External ; as from an Unhealthy or Big-bellied Nurse , from Milk coagulated or corrupted in the Stomach , from a Feaverish Disposition , from Ulcers or Scabs of the Head , or of other Parts suddenly disappearing ; from changes of the Air , or from the Conjunction or opposite Aspects of the Sun and Moon . We must endeavour to prevent these Convulsions in Children and Infants , or to Cure them when they are come ; for if the former Children of the same Parents have been subject to Convulsive Fits , this Disease ought to be prevented , by the early use of Remedies , in such as are born after : To this end it is customary to give to new-born Babes , as soon as they begin to breath , some Medicine proper for Convulsions : Some , upon this occasion , give some drops of pure Hony ; others a Spoonful of Canary-wine sweetned with Sugar , or Oyl of Almonds fresh drawn ; others give a drop of Oyl of Ambar , or half a Spoonful of Epileptick water . Besides these things used at first , which certainly do good , some other Remedies ought to be administred ; for instance , give a Spoonful twice a day of the following Liquor : Take of the Waters of Black Cherries and Rue , each one Ounce and a half ; of Langius's Antiepilectick Water , one Ounce ; of Syrup of Coral , six Drams ; of prepared Pearl , fifteen Grains ; mingle them in a Viol. The third or fourth day after the Birth , make an Issue in the Neck , and if the Countenance be florid , evacuate by bleeding , an Ounce and an half or two Ounces of Blood from the Jugular Veins , but take care that too much Blood do not flow out in sleep ; rub gently the Temples with the following Linement . Take of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression two Drams , of Balsam of Copaiba three Drams , of Ambar one Scruple , mix them . Hang round the Neck the Roots and Seeds of Male-peony , and a little Elks hoof sewed up in a Rag : Moreover Medicines proper for Convulsions must be given daily to the Nurse . Let her take Morning and Evening a Draught of Whey , wherein the Roots of Male-peony , or the Seeds of Sweet Fennel have been boiled . Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Bettony , Male-peony , and Rosemary flowers , each two Ounces ; of the Powders of the Roots and Flowers of Male-peony , each two Drams ; of red Coral prepared , and white Ambar , each one Dram ; of the Roots of Angelica and Zodoary prepared , each half a Dram ; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Peony , make an Electuary . Let her take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening , and be very orderly in her Diet. But if any Infant be actually seized with Convulsions , because the Issue does not run well , you must apply a Blister to the Neck or behind the Ears ; and if the Infant be not of a cold Constitution , Blood must be drawn from the Jugular Veins by Leeches , and Linements must be used to the Temples , Nostrils and Neck , and to the Soles of the Feet ; and Glisters which empty the Belly plentifully must be injected : Moreover , often in a day , namely every sixth or eighth hour , Specifick Remedies must be given . Take of Oyl of Copaiba , and of Castor , each two Drams ; of Ambar half a Dram ; make a Linement . Apply to the Soles of the Feet the Plaister , with Euphorbium spread on Leather . Take of prepared Pearls , of the Powder de Gutteta , each one Dram , mingle them for twelve Papers , whereof let him take one Morning and Evening in a Spoonful of the following Julap , drinking after it one or two Spoonfuls . Take of the Waters of Black Cherries , and of Lilly of the Vallies , each two Ounces ; of Fennel-water , and Compound Peony water , each two Drams ; of Syrup of red Poppies , six Drams . Take of the Powder of the Seeds of Rue , of Castor , of Assafaetida , each a sufficient quantity , mingle them and tye it up in a Rag , sprinkle it with Vinegar , and put it often to the Nostrils . Vntzerus commends much the Gall of a Sucking Kitlin , all the Juice being taken out of the Bladder , and mixed with a little water of Lime-flowers , and given to the Child : An excellent Physician lately told me , that he had known several Children cured with this Remedy . When by reason of breeding Teeth difficultly , Convulsions happen , this Symptom is Secondary and less Dangerous , and therefore does not require the first and chief work of Healing ; for sometimes we are more Solicitous to ease the Pain , and take off the Feaverish Disposition . And therefore a thin and cooling Diet is ordered for the Eruption of the Teeth , either by rubbing or cutting the Gums , and things that are anodine are applied to the swelled and pained Parts ; and here Glisters and Bleeding are often used ; and we ought to procure Sleep , and to qualifie the Fury of the Blood ; in the mean while Temperate Medicines for Convulsions , and such as do the least stir the Humours , are to be used , and Blisters , because they evacuate the Serum too apt to be poured upon the Head , do often give relief . When Children are seized with Convulsions , not presently after the Birth , or upon breeding Teeth , but from other Occasions and Accidents ; the cause , for the most part of such , is either in the Head or in the Bowels ; when the former is suspected , as is wont to be known by the signs which shew watry Humours heap'd up in the Brain , the Medicines above mentioned must be used : Moreover , for those who bear Purging well , a Vomit or gentle Purge must be prescribed , Wine and Oxymel of Squills , also Mercurius dulcis , Rubarb , and Rosin of Jalap are of good use , when the cause of the Convulsions seems to be lodged in the Bowels , or when Worms or sharp Humours in the Belly are the cause : For Worms , a Purge of Rubarb , or of Mercurius dulcis , with the Rosin of Jalap must be given , and the following Medicines are also of use . Take of the Roots of Virginian Snake-weed powdered one Dram , of Coral calcined till it is white half a Dram ; make a Powder . The Dose is half a Scruple or a Scruple twice a day for three days following , drinking upon it the Decoction of the Roots of Grass . Take of Hiera pitra , and of Venice-Treacle , each one Dram ; make a Plaister for the Belly . If the Convulsions are thought to proceed from sharp Humours disturbing the Bowels or Stomach , Purging upward and downward by turns is to be observed ; to this end a gentle Vomit of Wine of Squills , or Salt of Vitriol , is to be given . Take of Syrup of Peony three Ounces , Salt of Vitriol two Scruples , of Compound Lavender-water one Dram , mingle them , give a Spoonful three or four times in an hour , till the Child has once Vomited or went to Stool once . But if Evacuation downward seem most proper , give the Infusion of Rubarb , or the Powder of it , or Syrup of Succory with Rubarb , or Syrup of Roses with Agarick : And moreover Glisters are to be used frequently in this case , and External Medicines are to be applied to the Belly . Take of the leaves of Camomil cut small , two handfuls , put them into two Bags made of fine Cloth or of Silk , which being dip'd in hot Milk and pressed out , are to be applied successively to the Belly . CHAP. VI. Of the Night-Mare or Incubus . IT is commonly supposed by the ordinary sort of People ▪ that this Disease is occasioned by the Devil , or an Evil Spirit 's lying upon their Stomachs , which perhaps may be so sometimes ; but it also comes from meer Natural Causes , as is supposed , though what those are , or where the Morbisick Matter is placed , is not known , when it is thought to come from Natural Causes , the Cure is to be undertaken in the following manner , Bleeding and gentle Purging is first to be used , and afterward things proper for the Head , as Powders of Ambar , Coral , Pearls , the Roots of Male-peony , Dittany of Crete , Contra yerva , and other things prescribed in the Chapter of the Apoplexy , and the like : But an orderly Diet is first to be prescribed ; windy Meats , and such as are hard of Digestion are to be avoided , and Sleep must not be indulged after Eating or Study , and large and late Suppers , and lying on the Back must be forbid . Infants and Children are often troubled with this Disease , the sign whereof , is their starting in their Sleep , and crying out violently ; and after they have had these Fits often they fall into Convulsions , wherefore a right Method of Cure ought to be administred as soon as they seem to be disordered in their Sleep : Inquiry must be made concerning the Milk they Suck , whether it be good or not , and whether it agrees with their Stomachs ; after they have Sucked plentifully , they must not be suffered to sleep , the Nurse must use an orderly Diet , and let her take also Morning and Evening a Dose of a Powder or Electuary that is proper for the Head , drinking upon it a Draught of Posset-drink , wherein the Leaves of Sage or Bettany , or the Roots or Seeds of Peony have been boiled . Let the Infant take twice a day a Spoonful of Black-Cherry-water ; let an Issue be made in the Neck , and let it lye sometimes on one side , sometimes on the other , and seldom or never upon the Back : And Coral , or the Seeds of Male-peony being hanged about the Neck , or upon the Pit of the Stomach , may do some good . When they start violently often in their Sleep , apply a Blister to the Neck or behind the Ears . Moreover , Morning and Evening daily give half a Scruple of the Powder de Gutteta in a Spoonful of Lime-flower-water . CHAP. VI. Of Sleepy Diseases , Coma , Lethargy , Carus and Apoplexy . THere are four sorts of Preternatural Sleep , Coma , Lethargy , Carus and Apoplexy , which because for the most part they proceed from the same Causes , and require the same Methods of Cure ; therefore they shall be treated of together in this Chapter . The first and principal cause of these Diseases , is a Flegmatick or Watry Humour , contained in the Brain contrary to Nature . Secondly , Sleepy Diseases are wont to be generated by Blood abounding in the Brain , and from extravasated Blood stopping or oppressing the Ventricles of the Brain , sleepy Disease , and especially an Apoplexy is sometimes occasioned . Thirdly , It is certain that a Comatose Disease proceeds from a Tumor that oppresses the Brain by its weight . Fourthly , Immoderate Vapors carried to the Head , may be the cause of a Sympathetick Coma. Fifthly , From the immoderate use of Narcotick Medicines inwardly taken , so deep a Sleep is occasioned , that many , by the imprudent use of Opium , have slept their last . That Sleepy Diseases are occasioned by Flegmatick Humours stagnating in the Brain , is known by a Flegmatick Habit of Body , by old Age or Childhood , by a cold or moist Season or Country , by the Suppression of the Excretion of Flegm , by the Mouth and Nostrils ; and for that the Sick , before the coming of this Disease , was afflicted with a Dulness of the Head , Dimness of Sight , and Unaptness for Motion ; and because in the Disease Flegm flows from the Mouth and Nostrils , or falling upon the Throat , is frequently swallowed down by the Sick. That Blood produces a sleepy Disease is known by a Plethorick Disposition , by Redness of the Face , and by a Pain in the Head foregoing this Disease : That the Sympathetick Disease arises from Vapors elevated to the Brain , is known by the absence of those Signs , which signifie an Idiopathetick Disease , also by the signs of the peculiar disorder of the Parts , from whence Vapors are transmitted to the Brain . A very thin Diet is to be ordered at the beginning of these Diseases , and when the Fit is off , the Sick , to prevent a Relapse , must forbear all strong Liquors , and be fed with Barly and Oat-meal Broths , or with Chicken Broth ; and sometimes , especially when he Purges , with Chickens , Lamb , and the like . When a Physician is first called to a Patient , that is seized with a sleepy Disease , he must endeavour by all means to rowse him , by offering Violence to all his Senses ; and therefore he must expose his Eyes to the Sun-beams , or to a clear Light ; his Ears must be filled with violent Noises and Clamours , and the Sick must be sure to be called aloud by his own name ; sharp things are to be blown up his Nostrils ; the Sense of Touching is to be revived by Frictions , Vellications , plucking of the Hair , Ligatures , Squeesing of the Fingers together , and the like ; he must be presently Blooded if he has Strength ; but his Strength is not to be judged of by the present Circumstances , but by such as he was in before the Disease invaded him . You must first Bleed in the Arm , and then in the Jugular Vein , presently after give the following Vomit . Take of the Blessed Wine one Ounce and an half , of Carduus water one Ounce , of Spirit of Juniper-berries two drops ; make a Vomit . Inject two or three sharp Glisters in a day . Take of the Carminative Decoction , with Bay-berries and Juniper-berries ten Ounces , of the Electuary of Bay-berries one Ounce , of Vinum Benedictum three Ounces , and of brown Sugar three Ounces , of Chymical Oyl of Juniper ten drops ; mingle them , make a Glister . If the Glister be not rendred in due time , provoke the Belly by a Suppository . Take of Hiera picra half an Ounce , of Sal Gemma one Dram , of Hony a sufficient quantity ; make Suppositories . The Spirit of Sal Armoniack must be held to the Nostrils , and things of all kinds that cause Revulsion must be used , not only Frictions and Ligatures , but also Cupping-glasses set on the Back , Shoulders , Arms and Thighs : But in an Apoplexy you must not apply Cupping-glasses to the Back , or to the Hypochonders , least the Muscles of the Breast and Belly should be contracted , and so Respiration more hindred : Cupping-glasses applied to the Head are counted very proper ; apply a Blistering Plaister with Euphorbium to the Neck : Some , according to the Custom of the Ancients , hold a red-hot Frying-pan to the Head , at such a distance as it may burn the Hair but not the Skin . Take of the Waters of Rue , Balm and Black-Cherries , each three Ounces ; of Compound Peony water , and of Compound Syrup of Peony , each one Ounce and a half ; of Tincture of Castor one Dram , of Spirit of Sal Armoniack half a Dram ; mingle them , make a Julep , give four or five Spoonfuls often . In the general Cure of these Diseases you must take notice , that in those which proceed from Blood , Medicines that heat the least are to be used ; but Bleeding is to be used more freely , and afterwards the Vein in the Forehead is to be opened , and things that purge Choler are to be mixed with those that purge Flegm : If the Brain be very much cooled , the Sick , after universal Evacuations , may use Tablets made in the following manner . Take of Amber-grease half a Scruple , distilled Oyl of the Seeds of Anise , Cinnamon and Nutmegs , of each three drops ; Oyl of Cloves one drop ; of Sugar dissolved in Orange-flower water , four Ounces ; make Tablets , let him take a dram or two drams every Morning . The following Powder is also commended and is much in use . Take of white Ambar half an Ounce ; of the Powder called Diarhodon Abbatis two drams ; of the Roots of Peony one dram and an half ; make a Powder , whereof give a dram in two Spoonfuls of Simple Peony water before the New Moon . It is also proper to hold Nutmeg often in the Mouth , and to chew it ; and Perfumes are to be held often to the Nostrils , especially Apoplectick Balsam ; Spices are to be used with Meats , and the following Digestive Powder after Meals . Take of the Seeds of Coriander , sweet Fennel , Caraways , each fifteen Grains , of white Ambar one Dram , of the yellow peel of Citrons , and flowers of Rosemary each one Dram and an half , of Nutmegs half a Dram , of white Sugar three Ounces ; powder them grosly , and give half a spoonful after Meals . If from too great a quantity of Blood a sleepy Disease is feared , the Patient must be sufficiently Blooded , and the utmost endeavours must be used to make the Hemorrhoids flow , than which nothing can be more advantageous . Purging is to be ordered to prevent a Relapse . Take of the Pill of Ambar , and of the lesser Cochie , each two Scruples , of the best Castor six Grains , of Oyl of Ambar a sufficient quantity ; mix them and make 12 Pills . Take six for a Dose , and the other six three days after . Or , Take of the Pill of Ambar one Scruple , of Rosin of Jalap six Grains , of Tartar vitriolated eight Grains , spirit of Lavender eight drops , of Elixir Proprietatis a sufficient quantity ; make 4 or 5 Pills to be taken in the Morning . After Purging prescribe the following Medicines . Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Male peony , and of Rosemary each one Ounce , of the Bark of Citron Candied six Drams , of the Species Diambra , and Dianthos , each one Dram , of Castor powdred two Scruples , of Compound Spirit of Lavender half a Dram , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrups of Gilliflowers , and Compound Peony ; Make an Electuary , give the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening daily ; and let the Sick take four spoonfuls of the following Julep after it . Take of the Waters of Black Cherries , Rue , Pennyroyal each three Ounces , of Compound Peony Water , and Langius's Epileptick Water , each one Ounce , of the Syrup of the Flowers of Male Peony one Ounce , mingle them . Or , Take of the Powder e gutteta three Drams , of Castor half a Dram , of Syrup of the Flowers of Peony a sufficient quantity ; make forty Pills , whereof let him take four every Night at Bed-time , drinking upon them two spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of the Flowers of Peony , Black Cherries , Rue , Pennyroal , each two Ounces , of Compound Peony Water , and of Compound Briony Water , and Tincture of Castor , each one Ounce , of Syrup of Male Peony an Ounce and an half , mingle them . Take of Ambar one Ounce , sprinkle the fourth part of it every Night at Bed-time upon the Head. CHAP. VIII . Catalepsis , or Catoche . THis Disease is very rare and very wonderful . Galen mentions an Observation of one of his Scholars , who upon hard Study was seized with a Catalepsis . He lay , says he , like a piece of Wood , extended , rigid , and inflexible ; his Eyes were always kept open , but he could not speak . When he recovered , he told us he could hear us speak , though not plainly ; he remembred what was done , and saw all that were with him ; but he said he could not speak nor move a Limb : And Fernelius mentions two Observations of this kind : He says , that a person studying very hard was seized with this Disease , and that he was so stiff , that sitting with his Pen in his Hand , and looking earnestly upon his Book , he was supposed to be hard at Study ; till being called , and pull'd , he was perceived to have no Sense nor Motion . Another lay as it were Dead , who neither saw nor heard , nor felt when he was pricked . He breathed well ; and whatever was put in his Mouth he readily swallowed : Being taken out of his Bed he stood alone ; and being push'd he went forward ; and in what manner soever his Hand , or Arm , or Leg was Bent , it stood fix'd ; so that he look'd like a Statue . The like Observations are to be found in many other Authors ; from whence you may gather , that there is most commonly an abolition of the internal and external Senses , and a stiffness of the Limbs : But sometimes the Senses are not wholly abolished ; for sometimes they can hear , and their Limbs may be moved by the By-standers , The Cure is twofold , one in the Fit , the other out of the Fit : In the Fit , those things are proper which are prescribed for Sleepy Diseases . Out of the Fit , such things as are used for Cure of Melancholy are proper ; for from thence it most commonly proceeds : But if it come from a Cold intemperies , such things are proper as serve to mend such a Constitution ; if it proceed from abundance of Blood , Bleeding is to be used . CHAP. IX . Of a Palsie . A Palsie , in Latin , Paralysis , is a privation of Sense and Motion , by reason the influx of the Animal Spirits is hindred . There are various differences of it ; for either it seizes all the parts of the Head , then it is called Paraplegia ; or only half the Body , then it is called Hemeplegia ; or it seises only one part , then it is called a particular Palsie . It is also called perfect , and imperfect : It is said to be perfect when Sense and Motion are wholly abolished ; imperfect when the Functions are weakned : And then it is also called Numbness , which is a fore-runner of a Palsie . There is also another Species of an imperfect Palsie , when Motion is hurt , and the Sense remains perfect ; and so on the contrary . The causes of a Palsie in general , are all those things which hinder the influx of the Animal Spirits into the Nerves and Muscles ; the most frequent of all is a Flegmatick Humour ; which by obstructing , compressing , thickning or cooling the Nerves , hinders the said influx of the Animal Spirits . The Pituitous humour flows from the Brain into the Nerves and spinal Marrow ; so a small Apoplexy degenerates into a Palsie ; because the humour occasioning it is cast from the Brain upon the Marrow , or beginning of the Nerves ; and so it either insinuates it self into the substance of them , and shuts the insensible passages through which the Spirits pass ; or passing by the Vertebra's of the Back , and spinal Marrow , and following the Course of the Nerves compresses them , and so hinders the passages of the Animal Spirits ; and the same Humour may thicken the substance of the Nerves by its Coldness ; so that it cannot make way for the Animal Spirits . There are other Causes of a Palsie , but they are not so common ; as taking Cold , a Blow or Fall , the frequent handling of Quicksilver , tumors near the Spine or Nerves ; cutting of the Nerves , dislocation of the Vertebra , or other Joints . The kind of the Disease is easily known ; for want of Motion and Sense may be soon perceived ; but the knowledge of the part affected is more difficult : But it may be known by those that are skilled in Anatomy , who know the Originations and Insertions of the Nerves . For if the right part of the Face becomes Paralytick , or the left , the other parts being sound , they know the Brain is only affected according to that part from whence the Nerves are carried to those parts : But if the parts under the Head are also afflicted with the Face , the Brain and the Spine of the Back are also affected ; and if the parts below the Head are seised , and the Face well , the fault is only in the Spine ; and in the beginning of it , if all the Parts are affected : But if only half the Body is Paralytick , only half the Spine is affected . When the Legs are Paralytick , the seat of the Disease is about the end of the Spinal Marrow , near the Vertebra's of the Os Sacrum ; and so in the rest , the place is to be sought for from whence the Nerves arise . And sometimes enquiry after the external Cause much helps to find out the Part affected ; of which there are two Instances in Galen , one of a certain Man , who in a Cold and Rainy Season wore a long while a wet Neckcloath about his Neck , his Hands became Paralytick . The other is of one who lost the Sense of three of his Fingers ; and when Galen understood that he fell out of a Cart upon his Back , he conjectured that some Part was hurt by the Fall under the seventh Vertebra , where the Nerve begins ; and therefore he applied the Medicine which was used before to the Fingers , to no purpose , to that part . The knowledge of the Causes is to be fetched from the Procatarctick Causes , the foregoing Diseases , and the Constitution of the Sick ; and so the external cooling and moistening Causes going before , Old Age , a Flegmatick Constitution , Winter , cold and moist Diet : An Apoplexy going before , signifie that the Disease proceeds from a cold intemperies , and a Flegmatick humour . Feavers foregoing , and sometimes a present Feaver , Cholerick , or Melancholy Constitution , Summer-time , or Autumn , the use of Spices , of Salt or hot Meats , violent and long Passions of the Mind , the excretion of Cholerick and Melancholy humours , or of Acid , or Acrid Serum , hot defluxions upon various parts , and Pains arising from thence : And lastly , when Pain and Convulsions accompany the diminution of Sense and Motion ; and when such as are so afflicted are injured by hot and drying Medicines , and relieved by cooling and moistening Remedies , the Palsie proceeds from Cholerick or Melancholy humours . Tumors , and luxations ; and Wounds causing a Palsie are easily known . The Prognostick Signs . A Palsie coming from a pituitous humour stuffing the substance of the Nerves , is difficult to Cure. A Palsie following an Apoplexy is seldom Cured , and most commonly turns to an Apoplexy again . A trembling coming upon a Palsie is good : If the paralytick Part be hot there is hope of Recovery ; but if it be always cold it is hardly Cured . A wasting of the Part , and great Paleness renders it incurable . If the Eye of the Paralytick side be lessened , there is little hopes of a Cure. A Palsie of the Legs or Feet is easier Cured , than of the upper Parts . A Palsie in old People is incurable . A Palsie cannot be Cured in the Winter . A violent Feaver coming upon a Palsie is good , so is a Loosness coming upon a small , and new Palsie . The Cure of a Palsie is to be varied according to the variety of the Causes ; but because it chiefly comes from Flegm , and a cold intemperies , we must chiefly endeavour to remove this Cause , and you must begin with an universal evacuation of the whole Body : As to Bleeding that can scarce do any good , for the Blood is not in the fault , but Flegm ; and for the most part this Disease seises Old People , such as are Flegmatick , and naturally Cold : But if an abundance of crude Blood should seem to produce the Flegmatick Humour , and to nourish it , a Vein may be opened in the Arm of the well-side : But Blood must be drawn sparingly , lest the languid Heat should be extinguished . Therefore Bleeding being omitted , or used as is said , sparingly , the Cure must be begun by removing the antecedent Cause , which is a cold intemperies of the Brain . To which end the following Remedies must be used . Take of the Roots of Cyperus , Florentine Orris , Angelica , Zedoary , Elecompane , each one Ounce , of the Leaves of Bettony , Marjoram , Balm , Peniroyal , Calaminth , each one handful ; of the Tops of Thym , and Sage , each half an handful , of the Seeds of Anise , Sesely , and Fennel , each three Drams ; of Liquorish rasped , of Raisins of the Sun cleansed , each one Ounce ; of the Leaves of Senna cleansed , and sprinkled with Aqua Vitae two Ounces ; of the Seeds of Carthamus bruised , and of fresh Polypody of the Oak , each one Ounce ; of Agarick newly trochiscated ; of Turbith , and Hermodactil's , each three Drams ; of Ginger and Cloves , each one Dram ; of the Flowers of Staechas , of Rosemary , Sage and Lavender , each one pugil ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water to a Pint ; dissolve in it four Ounces of White Sugar , clarifie it , and aromatize it with two Drams of Cinnamon , and make an Apozem for four Doses , to be taken in a Morning . In the first and last Dose dissolve three Drams of Diaphaenicon . Or , Take of the Mass of Pill Cochiae Minor two Scruples , moisten them with Bettony Water ; make five or six Pills , guild them , and let him take them early in the Morning . The Pills of Agarick , and of Cochiae major are used for the same purpose . Take of Gujacum , and of Sarsaparilla , each two Ounces ; infuse them twenty four hours in two Quarts of Fountain Water over hot Ashes , then boil them over a gentle fire to the consumption of half , strain it , give half a Pint hot in the Morning , and cover the Sick well that they may Sweat. The use of this may be continued for fifteen or twenty days , or longer . In the use of Sudorifick Decoctions , this is always to be observed , viz. let some Purging Medicine be given once a Week , omitting for that day the Sudorifick Potion . Sneezing , Apoplegmatisms , Blisters , Head Powders , and Baths are also used . After the use of the Diet Drink , give the following Pills once a Week . Take of the faetid Pill , Coch. Minor , each half a Dram : Troches of Alhandal four Grains ; mingle them , and make Pills to be taken in the Morning . But because the Humour wants preparation before every Purge , therefore two or three days before every Dose of the Pills , give three or four Ounces of the following Water , in the Morning two hours before Eating . Take of Gujacum four Ounces , of the Bark of the same one Ounce , of Sarsaparilla one Ounce and an half , of China one Ounce , of Sassafras six Drams , of Wood of Aloes , and of Galingal each one Dram and an half , of the Roots of Angelica , Peony , and Fennel , each three Drams and an half , of the Seeds of Peony two Drams , infuse them twenty four hours in six Pints of Fountain Water , and two Quarts of White Wine . Afterwards add the Leaves of Bettony , ground Pine , Sage , each one handful ; of the Flowers of the Lime-tree , Primrose , Staechas , and Rosemary , each two Pugils ; of Lavender Flowers one Pugil , of Old Venice Treacle half an Ounce , of the Seeds and Bark of Citron each two Drams and an half , of Polypody half an Ounce , of Cinnamon six Drams ; distil them in a Bath , to two Pints and an half of the Liquor , add four Ounces of Penids . If the Purges abovementioned are not successful , it will be convenient to give Chymical Vomits , as Vinum Benedictum , and the like , if the Sick is able to bear them . After general Evacuation , we must use Topicks , both to the Paralytick part to recall the Heat and Spirits , and to the Spinal Marrow ; where for the most part resides the Cause of the Disease ; therefore let the part affected be rubbed daily gently with hot Cloaths , and let Cupping Glasses be applied to the Heads of the Muscles of the part affected , let them have a narrow Mouth , and much Flame : But they must not be kept on long , lest what is attracted should be dissipated . Afterwards apply a Plaister of Pitch and Rosin of the Pine ; that what is attracted may be kept in . All the Paralytick part may be Stung gently with Nettles . Afterwards the part affected may be anointed with proper Oils , Ointments , and Balsams . The following Ointment is very good in this case : Take of the Juice of Squills four Ounces , of the Juice of Wild Cucumber , and of the Juice of Rue each one Ounce , of Euphorbium , Castor , Sagapenum , Ammoniacum , Bdellium , dissolved all in Vinegar , each one Dram and an half ; of Myrrh , Frankincense , Pellitory of Spain , Niter , each one Dram ; of Oils of Elder , Turpentine , and of Euphorbium , each half an Ounce , of Wax a sufficient quantity to make an Ointment . After the anointing the part , wrap it about with hot Cloaths . If the Disease goes not off by these means , Plaisters are to be applied to the Spine of the Back ; the following is of excellent use for this purpose . Take of Ship-pitch , Galbanum , Sagapenum , and Gum Ammoniack , each one Ounce , of the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , and of Mustard Seed each half an Ounce , of Euphorbium two Drams , of Yellow Wax three Drams , of Oyl of Turpentine a sufficient quantity ; make a Plaister . It is also very good to Sweat the Part affected by the Vapours from a Decoction of Cephalick Herbs and Roots made in White Wine ; but the Decoction must not touch the Part. A Decoction of the Roots of Burdock is also much commended in this Case : These sorts of Baths are to be used twice or thrice a Week ; and after Bathing you must put the Sick to Bed , and give him a Dram of Venice Treacle . The green Leaves of Tobacco infused in Malago Wine , and the Parts bathed with it after Sweating , is reckoned the best outward Remedy for a Palsie . But lastly , the Bath Waters are best ; if the Sick drink of them some days , Bath and Wash the Head with them , and afterwards rub the Parts with the Infusion of Tobacco Leaves . The Paralytick Parts must be always kept warm : If it can be , with the Skins of Foxes , Hares , or Lambs . CHAP. X. Of a Convulsion . A Convulsion , in Latin , Spasmus , is an involuntary and perpetual Retraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their Original . It is twofold , one properly so called , to which the Definition above mentioned agrees ; the other is rather a Convulsive Motion ; and they are thus distinguished : In a true Convulsion , the retraction of the Muscle is continual , and the Member immoveable : In a Convulsive Motion , the Member is variously agitated , as in the Falling-sickness . They also differ in their Causes ; for a true Convulsion proceeds from fulness or emptiness , a Convulsive Motion from Irritation . A true Convulsion is divided into universal and particular ; an universal takes its rise either from the Brain , and then the Muscles of the Face are also seised with Convulsions ; or it arises from the beginning of the Spinal Marrow , then the Muscles of the Head , or those that move the Spine forward or backward are seised with Convulsions : Upon which account there are three sorts of Convulsions ; the first is called Emprosthotonos , wherein the Body with the Head and Neck are violently contracted forward , so that the Chin touches the Breast , and the Body represents the Keel of a Ship , and sometimes is bent like a Bow , and the Head touches the Knees : In this sort , two Muscles that bend the Head forward are chiefly affected . The second is called Opisthotonos ; and in it the Body is bent backward : The twelve Muscles that extend the Head , or some of them , being Convulsed . The third is called Tetanos , wherein the Muscles before and behind are equally contracted , and the Parts kept as it were in Aequilibrio . This is the strongest of all ; it arising from a Contraction of all the Muscles . A particular Convulsion is caused by the Contraction of some one part , the Nerve that serves for its Motion being ill affected , which has sometimes a peculiar Name from the effect or symptom ; as a Convulsion of the Muscles moving the Eyes is called Strabismus , that of the Jaws and Muscles of the Temples 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A Convulsion of the Mouth , from a Contraction of the broad Muscle arising only from one part , is called the Dog Convulsion : But if there be a Contraction in both sides , it is call'd Risus Sardonicus ; but sometimes the Mouth is distorted by the Palsie , by Relaxation of the other Muscle . A Convulsion of the Yard is call'd Satyriasis , or Priapismus . Other Convulsions have no proper Names . The immediate Causes of a true Convulsion , according to Hippocrates and Galen , are repletion and inanition , the mediate Causes which occasion a repletion , and inanition are various ; a Flegmatick humour flowing into the Nerves is supposed to distend them , as to their Breadth , and so they must be necessarily contracted as to their length . Another cause of Convulsion from repletion , is an inflamation of the Nervous Parts . The Causes of Convulsions by Emptiness , are all immoderate Evacuations by Bleeding , Vomiting , Sweat , and a Consumption of innate Moisture , which is occasioned by Burning and Coliquative Feavers , by immoderate Labour , by Watchings and Cares , and immoderate Venery . A Convulsive Motion proceeds from Matter that Vellicates and Pricks the Nervous Parts , which most commonly is malignant ; for such a humour commonly happens in malignant Feavers : It is also occasioned by Worms , Poison , and by Hysterick Fits. A Convulsion which seises many Parts , especially near the Head , is dangerous ; and that which seises the Muscles of the Breast , is also dangerous ; for the Sick may be suffocated by it . A Convulsion arising from great Fluxes of Blood , or over-purging is dangerous , if not deadly ; so is a Convulsion arising from a Phrensie , and upon a Feaver . Hypocrates says , that those who are seised with a Tetanos , die within four days ; but that if they live longer , they recover . CVRE . The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the variety of the Causes . That which happens from Emptiness is incurable . After Bleeding , or it being omitted , if it be not convenient , strong Purges must be used : but respect must be had to the strength of the Patient : After Bleeding , apply Cupping-glasses , with Scarification , if Blood has not been drawn before , otherwise without Scarification : They must be first applied to the remoter parts , afterwards to the parts near the affected part : But if the Legs are Convulsed , they must be applied to the Buttocks and Loins ; if the Arms , to the Neck and Shoulders : Blysters are also applied with good success to the parts opposite to the part affected . In the mean time , after the first Purge , the Matter is to be prepared , with Medicines proper for the Head. Note , that Castor ought to be added to Purges in this case . Sharp Glysters are frequently to be injected , such as were mentioned in the Chapter of an Apoplexy . The part affected must be anointed with the following , or some other proper Linement . Take of the Oyntment of Marsh-mallows six Ounces , Oyl of Turpentine and Camomile each one Ounce , Oyl of Lavender three Drams , of Oyl of Foxes half an Ounce , Liquid Storax two Ounces , wherewith anoint the affected part , and the Spine of the Back frequently , with a hot Hand . After anointing the parts , wrap them in a warm Sheep-Skin , just taken from the Sheep . Sheeps Lungs , Pidgeons or Hens cut in the middle , and applied hot , are also good . It is also good to put the affected part into the Belly of an Ox , or Sheep newly kill'd , and keep it there as long as it is warm : but the use of Sulphurous Baths is most successful . When a violent Pain accompanies the Convulsion , use the following Linement . Take of the Oyls of Violets , Lillies , Camomile , each one Ounce and an half , of Oyl of sweet Almonds , Mastich , and Roses , each one Ounce ; mingle them , and anoint the part affected . Sneesing Powders and Apophlegmatisms are also proper in this Case . CHAP. XI . Of Trembling . TRembling , in Latin , Tremor , is a depraved Motion of the Members , whereby they are involuntarily moved . The chief Cause of it is weakness of the Nerves , occasioned by Old Age , by long Sickness , by immoderate Venery , by Fear , and other passions of the Mind ; or by such things as are wholly offensive to the Nerves , as the Fume of Quicksilver . Hard Drinking will also occasion it , and a partial Obstruction of the Nerves by gross humours . CVRE . It is Cured by the same Medicines that are used in the Palsie . CHAP. XII . Of a Catarrh . A Catarrh , in Latin , Catarrhus , according to the Ancients , is a preternatural fluxion of Humours from the Head upon the Lower Parts : But the ingenious Dr. Lower is of the Opinion , that it is put off by the Blood upon the Glands that are seated in the Throat and Jaws ; and he says there are no passages to convey it from the Head. CVRE . Whatever precipitates the Serum through the Reins , or carries it off by Stool , or by Sweat , is good in this case , or whatever else lessens the Serum . Wherefore , nothing is better for Curing a Catarrh , if a Feaver does not accompany it , then abstaining a long while from Drink ; for several have been Cured , by not drinking in three or four days time ; for by this means the source of the Disease is dried up ; just as R●vulets become dry for want of Rain . But if you have reason to imagin from the Pulse , the Urine , or restlesness of the Body , that there is some Feaver : Having first purged the Body , you must presently Bleed , and the Sick must be kept to a thin Diet ; and other things are to be done which the Cure of the Feaver requires : but respect must be had to the Flux of the Serum . But if by reason of abundance of Serum , the Catarrh continue obstinate , in this case nothing is better , then after Purging to use Diureticks ; if the Catarrh yet continue , you must make Issues in the Neck , Arms , or Legs , or apply Blisters there . But because these things require time to do the business , if need require ; or if there be danger of Suffocation , you must Bleed again , and presently Sweat the Patient once , or twice a day , if his Strength will bear it ; which by casting forth the serous Humour through the Pores of the Body , will perform the Cure. Take of the decoction of Senna Gerionis four Ounces , of Syrup of Buckthorn six Drams , of Spirit of Sulphur five Drops , of Aqua Mirabilis one Dram , mingle them , and make a Potion to be taken in the Morning . At Bed-time after Purging , give the following Pills . Take of Pill Storax eight Grains , of the Juice of Liquorish half a Scruple ; make three Pills : Repeat the Purging Potion every third day for thrice . Of the days the Sick does not Purge , let him take of the following Electuary . Take of the Conserve of Red Roses vitriolated , of the Electuary of Sassafras one Ounce , of Frankincense powder'd one Dram , of Diacodium a sufficient quantity , make an Electuary ; let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening , drinking upon it three Ounces of the following Decoction . Take of the pectoral Decoction one Pint , add to it in boiling , of Balsam of Tolu three Drams , of the Leaves of Ground-Ivy half an handful . To the strained Liquor , add two Ounces of Diacodium , and one Ounce of Spirit of Carraways ; mingle them . Diureticks , and Diaphoreticks must be also used . Lastly , He that would wholly prevent this Disease , must be well Cloathed ▪ and must remove into a hot and dry Country . CHAP. XIII . Of the Head-ach . HEad-ach , in Latin , Cephalalgia . This word is used for all Pains of the Head in general ; but properly it only signifies a new Pain of the Head. Cephalaea is an inveterate Pain of the Head : Hemierania the Pain of one side of the Head. It is also divided into external and internal ; Idiopathick and Sympathick ; and of these , some are pricking , others heavy , and some beating ; an inward pain of the Head is seated upon the Meninges , which lies deep , and reaches to the Roots of the Eyes ; but the outward pain is seated upon the Pericranium , and is exasperated when the Head is prest , or the Roots of the Hair turned back . An Idiopathick Pain is continual . This does not proceed from the disorder of other parts : but a Sympatick Pain does . What that part is which communicates the pain to the Head may be easily known by the proper Signs of the affected part . The pain of the Head proceeds from a cold Cause , and from a hot Cause . For the Cure of the former , the Flegmatick Matter is to be evacuated by the following Pills . Take of the Pills of Ambar one Scruple and an half , of Cochiae Minor two Scruples and an half , of Tartar vitriolated ten Grains , of Peruvium Balsam a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make twelve Pills , give six of them once a Week in the Morning . The Bath is very effectual in this case , the party being bathed , and his Head washed with it . Sneezing Powder is also very proper . Sudorifick Decoctions are also very beneficial in iinveterate pains . Take of Sarsa parilla , and Gujacum , each two Ounces , infuse them twenty four hours in two Quarts of Fountain Water , upon hot Ashes , and boil them over a gentle Fire till half is consumed ; add to it Coriander Seeds and Liquorish , or of Sugar and Cinnamon as much as is sufficient to give an agreeable taste . Strain it , and keep it in a Glass ; let him take half a Pint hot in a Morning , for fifteen , twenty , or thirty days ; and let him have more Cloaths on than ordinary . But this is to be noted in the use of Sudorifick decoctions , that some Purging Medicine must be given once a Week from the very beginning of the Cure : Specifick Remedies should be used , and such an one is the following Epithem . Take of the Powder of Zedoary one Draw , of the Waters of Bettony , Vervain , and Elder , each one Ounce ; mingle them , apply it hot to the pained part , with Scarlet Cloth. Among the Specificks for the pain of the Head , from whatever Cause it arises , Vervain is the chief , whereof the distilled Water is applied to the Head , and taken inwardly to four Ounces , with four Drops of Spirit of Salt ; and Forestus says , that he knew two sick People that were Cured , by only hanging green Vervain about their Necks , when other Medicines were used to no purpose . If the pain of the Head proceed from a hot Cause , give first a Glyster , and then Bleed : But a greater quantity of Blood is to be taken away when the Pain proceeds from Blood , than when Choler abounds . Afterwards some Medicines that Purge Choler must be given ; not only when Choler is the chief Cause , but also when Blood is Luxuriant ; for the thinner part soon turns to Choler . If by one Evacuation , the peccant matter is not sufficiently purged , the Purging Medicine must be repeated at due distances of time , in the whole course of the Disease if the Belly be not fluid , Glysters that are emollient , cooling , and gently Purging , are to be injected every day . For pains of the Head , which come upon continual Feavers : Sheeps Lungs taken out hot and applied to the Head , do powerfully asswage the Pain : Or , Take of the Seeds of white Poppies two Drams , of Saffron half a Scruple , of Camphor one Scruple , with a sufficient quantity of Populeon Oyntment , spread them upon Leather , and apply them to the Forehead . And after general Evacuations , derivation may be successfully used , by Bleeding in the Forehead with a Lancet , or with Leeches , and by applying Blisters to the Neck . In the mean while , the Humours must be attemperated by Juleps and Emulsions . Lastly , If the Pain be very violent , we must use Narcoticks outwardly and inwardly . In every Pain of the Head , from whatever Cause it arises , and will not yield to other Remedies ; the Head must be shaved , and a large Blister applied all over it . Diseases of the EYES . CHAP. XIV . Of a Gutta Serena . WHen the Sight is lost , and there is no apparent fault in the Eye , it is occasioned by the hindrance of the influx of the Animal Spirits into the Eyes . An Obstruction is the most ordinary cause of a Gutta Serena , which is generated by a Flegmatick Humour falling from the Brain into the Optick Nerves : But it is also certain , that this Disease is occasioned by the compression of the Optick Nerves ; by Flegm coleated about them , or with Blood , or some other Matter heap'd up in that place , whereby Tumors are made in those places ; and Experience shews , that an inflamation of the Brain , or Phrensie in malignant Feavers occasion Blindness . Lastly , Wounds in the Head , whereby the Optick Nerves are cut , hinder the influx of the Animal Spirits to the Eyes . This Disease is known by the Eyes seeming to continue in their Natural State , only the Pupil appears blacker and larger . But there is great difficulty in distinguishing the Causes of it ; for though when it proceeds from Blood , or Pus , an Inflamation , Abscess , or Wound go before , yet no sure Sign can be given to distinguish a compression by a Flegmatick Humour from an Obstruction . Yet we may in some sort guess , because in an Obstruction only of the Optick Nerve , the Eyes are only affected : But if there be a compression by Flegmatick Humours , gathered together about the Roots of the Eyes , and the mamillary processes , that Matter will either seise other parts of the Brain , and then the rest of the Senses , or all of them will be injured . But if it be seated only about the Optick Nerves , a Flegmatick Matter will be evacuated by the Nostrils more plentifully than is usual , and there will seem a weight to lie upon the forepart of the Head , especially about the Eye-lids . As to the Prognosticks , if the Sight be quite taken away by an Obstruction of the Optick Nerves , the Disease is most commonly incurable ; for we see that Obstructions of other Nerves whereby a Palsie is generated , is seldom or never Cured , especially in those that are Old. But if the Obstruction be partial , and the Sight be only diminished , there is more hope of Recovery , though a long course of Remedies , and a great deal of time is requisite for the Cure. But if this Disease proceed from Humours collected in the forepart of the Head , it is easier Cured . Fabritius Hildanus mentions an Observation of one that lost his Sight by taking a violent Vomit , and recovered it again by taking another : For the first by its Violence stirred the Humours too much , and forced them upon the Optick Nerves ; but the other evacuated the Humours , and so Cured . There are other Observations of this kind ; but it is reasonable to suppose , that in these cases where the Cure is so easily performed , the Humour is not stopt in the substance of the Nerves , but collected in the Brain about the Nerves . For the Cure of this Disease ; the Matter impacted into the Nerves , or adhering to them , which causes the Obstruction or Compression , is to be evacuated , which cannot be , unless the whole Body be first evacuated : As Galen says , the Eye cannot be Cured before the whole Head , nor that before the whole Body . That the Remedies may be described orderly , a Diet convenient for th●● Disease is first to be appoin●ed , which ought to be attenuating , and moderately drying . And first an Air inclining to hot and dry ought to be chosen ; but thick , cloudy , cold and rainy Air must be carefully avoided . Meats of easie Digestion , and of good Juice , must be eaten ; and such as breed a thick Juice must not be used , as Pork , Geese , Pease , Cheese , and the like ; also those things that fill the Head with Vapours , as things made of Milk , and hot Spices , as Pepper , Ginger , and the like . The Bread must be made with Fennel-water , or the Seed of it must be mingled with it : But great Care must be taken , that Darnel is not mixed with the Wheat wherewith the Bread is made , which has been always accounted very injurious to the Eye . In Sauces and Broths , let the Sick use those things which have an attenuating Faculty , as Hyssop , Fennel , Marjoram , Bettony , Sage , Eye-bright , and especially Nutmegs , which strengthen the Brain , and clear the Sight . Turneps should be often eaten , and also Sparrows , and Pidgeons ; Cold Herbs must be avoided , especially Lettice , which is injurious to the Eyes . The Sick must be moderate in his Diet , and the Supper sparing ; and once or twice a Week , let him go to Bed without Supper : At Meals , instead of Salt , let him use the following Powder . Take of common Salt two Ounces , of Eye-bright dried two Drams , of Nutmeg one Dram , of Cinnamon two Scruples ; make a Powder . After every Meal let him take one Spoonful of the following Powder : Take of the Seeds of Coriander prepared half an Ounce , of the Seeds of Anise and Fennel each two Drams , of Cinnamon and Nutmegs each one Dram ; of Eye-bright dried three Drams , of Sugar of Roses , twice the weight of all . Wine is not good in this Disease ; because it fills the Head with Vapours , and promotes fluxion ; but a Decoction of Sarsaparilla sweetned with Liquorish , and aromatized with Coriander Seeds , is a proper Drink : But all cannot abstain from Wine , or strong Beer , and therefore dried Eye-bright infused in small Wine or Beer , may be used sometimes . Sleep must be shorter than usual ; and lying on the Back must be avoided as much as may be ; and the Sick must not Sleep after Dinner : He must be moderate in his Exercise , and his Body must be always kept Loose . These things being thus ordered , the Cure must be begun with universal Evacuation ; and he must be first purged with the following Medicine . Take of Senna cleansed half a Dram , of the Seeds of Fennel one Dram , of the Leaves of Bettony , Eye-bright , and Vervain , each half an handful ; of Liquorish three Drams ; boil them in Fountain-water to three Ounces , strain it , and dissolve in it three Drams of Diaphaenicon , and an Ounce of the Syrup of Roses ; make a Potion to be taken in the Morning After the first Purge , the Physician ought to consider with himself , whether Bleeding is to be used : In Old People , or such as are of a Flegmatick Constitution , certainly it is not : But in those that are young ; and of a hot Constitution , especially if there be Signs of Blood abounding , without controversie , if it be used in time it may do much good ; and where there are such indications for Bleeding ▪ After Blood has been drawn from the Arm , the particular Veins of the Head may be opened , and those which are near the Eyes , viz. the Forehead Vein , the Vein of the Temples , and in the Corner of the Eyes , near the Nose : But it is more proper to apply Leeches to the Temples ; and if they are set behind the Ears too , they may do much good . Some Practitioners relate , that some blind People have been Cured by Wounds in the Forehead , whereby the turgid Veins and Arteries have been emptied . But if a suppression of the Courses has preceded this Disease , Blood is to be drawn from the lower Veins , or Leeches must be applied to the Hemorrhoids ; afterwards the Body must be purged more exactly with the following Apozem . Take of the Roots of Fennel , Sarsaparilla , Florentine , Orris Elecampane , each one Ounce , of the Leaves of Bettony , Marjoram , Balm , Eye-bright , Fennel , Vervain , the greater Celandine , each one handful , of Liquorish rasped , and Raisins of the Sun cleansed , each one Ounce , of the Seeds of Anise and Fennel each three Drams , of Senna cleansed two Ounces , of Gummy Turbith , and Agarick newly trochiscated , each two Drams , of Ginger and Cloves each one Scruple , of the Flowers of St●chas , Rosemary , and Lavender , each one pugil ; boil them in Fountain-water to a Pint ; strain it , and dissolve in it four Ounces of White Sugar , make an Apozem for four Doses , to be taken in the Morning ; Clarifie it , and Aromatize it with two Drams of Cinnamon . When all the Apozem is taken , give the following Pills . Take of the Pill Coch. minor two Scruples ; make six Pills to be taken early in the Morning . Universal Evacuation being thus performed , Revulsion of the antecedent cause is to be made , and the conjunct cause is to be discussed , and carried off by derivation ; to this end frictions of the extream Parts , especially the lower Parts , are to be used : Cupping-glasses are to be applied to the Back and Shoulders without Scarification , especially to the hinder part of the Head with Scarification , whereby the Humours are so powerfully drawn from the fore●parts and beginning of the Nerves , that some upon the application of it , have immediately recovered their Sight . At the same time , a Blister must be applied to the Neck ▪ An Issue made in the Neck with a Skean of Silk is very beneficial in this case . A Potential Cautery applied to the Coronal Suture , has been successful sometimes , when nothing else would do good . After universal Purging , a sudorifick Diet is to be ordered , of Sarsa , and the like ; and after the use of the sudorifick Decoction , the use of a sulphureous Bath is very proper , to Bath in , and to wash the Head with . Apophlegmatisms are also of use . During the whole Course , the Sick is to be purged often ▪ And care is to be taken to strengthen the Head and Eyes ; to which end , a Dram of Old Venice Treacle must be given at Bed-time , twice or thrice a Week , dissolved in Fennel , or Eye-bright Water ; Nutmeg also chewed i● a Morning Fasting is much commended ; so are Candie● Myrobalans eaten in a Morning . In a desperate case , after all Remedies have been used to no purpose , a large Blister applied to the shaved Head has sometimes done much good , and repeated twice o● thrice , when the Excoriation begins to be dry . CHAP. XV. Of Diseases of the glassy Humour . THE glassy Humour is placed under the Cristaline , and is therefore made by Nature clear , that the Species may be conveyed pure and clear to the Optick Nerves ; if therefore the perspicuity of it be sullied by the mixture of any Humour , and it become dark , the Sight is more or less diminished , proportionably to the degree of darkness of it . Moreover , this Humour may be injured by being misplaced , namely , if part of it by a Blow or Contusion is thrust before the Cristalin Humour ; for then the Sight is darkned , for the glassy humour is thicker than the watry , and so the Species of Objects cannot be brought pure and sincere to the Cristaline Humour . The former of these Diseases can be known by no Signs ; but be imagined only by reason : For this Humour cannot be seen , nor the disposition of it known ; therefore Practitioners , when they perceive no fault in the Eye , confound this with the Gutta Serena , and that without any damage to the Patient ; for extraneous Humours poured upon the glassy Humour must be discussed by the same Remedies wherewith a Gutta Serena is wont to be Cured . But the vitiated situation of the glassy Humour may be known , by appearing like the White of an Egg under the Pupil ; but it cannot be distinguished from a suffusion , unless the antecedent and procatarctick causes are well considered ; for a suffusion proceeds from a simple influx of the Humours : But this from the glassy Humour misplaced by a Blow or Wound . This Disease is incurable by Art : But sometimes it happens to be Cured by Nature ; and therefore the whole business is to be left to her . CHAP. XVI . Of the Diseases of the Cristaline Humour . THE Christaline Humour is the chief Instrument of Sight , and therefore more than the other Humours of the Eye , ought to retain its Purity and Perspicuity , that it may render the Sight perfect ; and if it recede from that Purity , the Sight is much obstructed . The chief Disease of the Cristaline Humour is the change of it to a grey Colour , and this Disease happens in old Age , from a drying and thickning Cause : It is known by a deep and great whiteness that appears about the Pupil , and all things are seen through a Smoak and Cloud ; but it is difficultly distinguished from a Suffusion , which represents such a Whiteness in the Pupil ; upon which account , many Authors confound it with a Suffusion : But those that look carefully , may distinguish these two Diseases ; for in a Suffusion , the whiteness is in the Pupil , but in this it appears deep . This Disease is incurable , especially in old People , in whom the driness of the Parts cannot be mended . Besides , the Cristaline Humour may be vitiated in Situation , namely , when its broad part which is like a Lentil , is not exactly opposed to the hole of the Pupil , but is moved upward to downward , and then things appear double : But this fault of Sight is also occasioned by Vapours , or by thin Flegm , that sullies the Christaline Humour . This often happens to People that are drunk . The second ill Situation of the Christaline Humour is , when it inclines forward or backward ; if forward towards the Pupil , then things that are near are not plainly seen ; but things that are at distance are ; this happens most commonly to old People : If it be placed backward towards the Optick Nerve , things that are near are plainly seen ; but things at distance not at all : This is called Purblindness , which is to be remedied only by Spectacles . The third ill Situation of the Cristaline Humour , is when it proceeds too much to the right or left , and this is called Squinting . But this is not only occasioned by the vitious Situation of the Cristaline Humour , but also from the ill Disposition of the Muscles that move the Eyes , which is either natural , or occasioned by a Convulsion or Palsie ; which is to be cured by Paralytick Remedies . Lastly , From a greater or lesser Inversion of the Cristaline Humour , other Vices of Sight may proceed ; as when things that are streight appear crooked ; or upside down ; which happened to a Physician , as Sennertus relates , who looking earnestly upwards , removed the Cristaline Humour . CHAP. XVII . Of the Diseases of the Watery Humour , and especially of a Suffusion . THE watery Humour is alter'd from its natural Constitution , when it is peccant in Quantity or Quality ; when it is encreased or diminished beyond measure , it causes a Dilatation , or Contraction of the Pupil , which are to be treated of in their Place : But when it is vitious in quality it becomes thick ; it is caused by some other Humour flowing into it ; this is called a Suffusion , which is to be treated of here . This Disease , when it begins , and when the Sight is a little darkned , is called , A Suffusion : But when something is collected in the Pupil , like Water , it is called Water . Lastly , when the Matter is wholly concreted in the Pupil , and wholly obscures the Sight , it is called a Cataract . There is also a Suffusion , which is Spurious , which proceeds from Vapours , translated from the Stomach , and other Parts . A Flegmatick Humour is the chief and most ordinary Cause of a Suffusion , yet some other Humours may be mixed with it , at least in a small Proportion ; if Choler be mixed with it , it appears yellow ; when Melancholy , black . These Humours are wont to flow to the Eyes , wh● they are weak , either naturally or occasionally : To the natural Weakness belongs a prominence of the Eyes ; for those that have such Eyes , are subject to Suffusions ; for prominent Eyes are wont to be large , and so fitter to receive Humours and Vapours . Some external Causes also occasion weakness , as a Blow , Contusion , Bathing , a Southerly and Rainy Season , long continuing in the Sun , Smoak , hard Reading , especially by a Candle , which occasions a Fluxion of Humours upon the Eyes . The differences of Suffusions arise from the thickness , quantity , or place where the Humour resides , that occasions them . By reason of the greater , or lesser thickness , the Obstruction of the Sight is more or less ; for if the Humour be thin , and serous , the Sight is but little obstructed ; if very thick , blindness is occasion'd . By reason of the quantity and place , the Humour possesses either all the Pupil , and then the Sight is equally obstructed , which way soever it is directed to the Objects ; or it covers one part of the Pupil more than another , and the Objects are not seen whole , by looking directly , nor many at one time : But if the Humour be very small , and is seated in the middle of the Pupil , the Objects appear as if there were holes in them : But if the Matter be torn into various Corpuscles , seated in various Parts of the Pupil , the appearance of Gnats is always before the Eyes . Also Hair , Cobwebs , Circles about a Candle , and many other things . The Diagnostick of this Disease is first to be directed to a legitimate Suffusion , to distinguish it from a spurious , afterwards the various Sorts of a legitimate Suffusion are to be enquired into . A true Suffusion seizes only one of the Eyes most commonly ; or if both , not at the same time , nor alike , which happens in a Bastard Suffusion . Secondly , in a legitimate Suffusion , something dark appears in the Pupil , which is not in a Spurious ; but this Sign is not constant ; for if the Suffusion be generated from a thin and serous Humour , there is no change in the Eye , that Humour being scarce thicker than the watery Humour ; upon which account , Physicians mistake it for a Gutta Serena . But this Suffusion is easily distinguished from a Gutta Serena ; for in a Gutta Serena , the Sight is wholly taken away , or much diminished , no fault appearing in the Eye : But in a Suffusion , which does not appear to the Sight , the Sick can see tolerably well ; because the serous Humour , from whence it is produced , is thin and clear ; so that the species of the Objects can pass through it like Glass ; and then in a Suffulsion , the Sight is not for the most part obstructed in althe Parts of the Pupil ; but the Objects are sometimes seen best , when they are placed directly opposite to the Eye , and sometimes when they are placed towards the Corner ; because most commonly , there is a greater thickness , or thinness , in one part of the Pupil , than in another . Thirdly , In a true Suffusion , the Symptoms are continual ; but in a Bastard Suffusion , they are encreased or lessened by intervals , as the Vapours rise more or less to the Head ; and so when the Stomach is empty , they are much less , than when it is full , for then a greater quantity of Vapours arise from the Head , and then the Gnats , Cobwebs , and the like , appear only by intervals . Besides , in a true Suffusion , the Sight seems to pass always through a Cloud , or thick Glass , which is the proper and Pathognomonick Symptom of it : But in a Bastard Suffusion , the Sight is sometimes very good . CVRE . The Cure is easier performed in Summer than in Winter . If a Suffusion come upon an acute Fever , after a Peripneumonia , Frensie , or violent Pains of the Head , it is very hard to cure . A confirm'd Suffusion can be cured only by Couching . In a confirm'd Suffusion , if having shut the other Eye , the Pupil is dilated , there is hope of a Cure by Couching , otherwise there is none ; for then the Optick Nerve is obstructed ; and so the Spirits cannot come to the Pupil . A black Suffusion can never be cured ; and but very rarely , a green or yellow . A Suffusion which represents the Objects by holes , is not to be Couched . Couching succeeds best when the Eye is full , and at its natural bigness , for if it be withered and small , it will not succeed . This Operation must not be attempted in old Age , or in Child-hood , nor when , the Eye being pressed with the Finger , the Suffusion appears broader , and then returns to its wonted bigness and shape ; for then it is not ripe : But if , being pressed with the Finger , it does not alter its shape , it may be Couched . When it is ripe , it is like a thin Skin , and may be wrapped round the Needle , and thrust to the lower Part of the Eye . The Cure of a Suffusion is not to be directed only to the conjunct Cause ; but also to the antecedent , and therefore the whole Body , especially the Brain , must be first well Purged , afterwards , the Humour obstructing the Pupil must be difcussed , or removed some other way . Which Indications being the same in a manner , as were proposed for the Cure of a Gutta Serena , may be sought for there . Therefore all that Cure being premised , which was instituted for a Gutta Serena , we must proceed to those Remedies which respect peculiarly the taking off the Matter , that is seated near the Pupil ; and though Topical Remedies may seem not to do much good , yet a due use of them is not to be rejected ; for experience teaches , that incipient Suffusions have been cured by Topical Remedies , when they have been used after general Evacuations . First therefore , you must begin with gentle Resolvents , which must not dry too much , lest the Matter of the Suffusions should be hardned , and so rendred unfit for Resolution ; and Emollients are therefore to be mixed with the Resolvents , to prevent the hardening of the Matter , and to render the resolving of it more easie ; to which end , the following Fomentation may be used at the beginning . Take of the Leaves of Rue , Fennel , Eyebright , and the greater Celandine , each one handful , of the Seeds of Foenugreek one ounce , of the Flowers of Camomil and Melilot , each one pugil ; boil them in three parts of Fountain Water , and one of Wine added at the end . Strain it , and foment the Eyes with it , with a soft Spunge Morning and Evening , and the Head being covered , the Steam of the Decoction may be received into the Eyes . At the very beginning of the Disease , when the Fluxion is beginning , and when Medicines are used for Revulsion , it will be proper to foment the Eyes with Red Wine , to hinder the Fluxion . In the Progress of the Disease , a Fomentation of White Wine , wherein Crocus Metallorum has been infused , is very beneficial ; and the Breath of a Child , having first chewed Fennel-seeds , received into the Eyes ; and a Child , or a Whelp , licking the Eyes in the Morning , is also good ; and Bread hot out of the Oven , mixed with Fennel-seeds , held to the Eyes , till they are moist with the Vapour of it . The foresaid Remedies must be used in the Morning chiefly . At Night apply the following Cataplasm . Take of the Flower of Foenugreek-seed one ounce , of Aloes half an ounce , of Saffron one dram , make a fine Powder , mix it with White Wine , wherein Crocus Metallorum , has been infused , make a Cataplasm to be applied hot at Bed time . Many commend Pidgeons Blood dropped hot into the Eye ; but because the heat of it soon goes off , it were better to apply a young Pidgeon , before it has Feathers , cut in the middle , to the Eye . The Suffusion being cured , either by Resolving Medicines , or by Chirurgical Operation , care must be taken to preserve the Eyes ; for the Eyes being much weakned by the Disease , are ready to receive Fluxions ; therefore Purging is to be used frequently , and Issues are to be made to turn the Humours , and such strengthening things are to be used as were proposed in a Gutta Serena , and the Eyes must be washed in the Morning , with Wine held in the Mouth till it is warm , and mixed with Sage chewed in the Mouth . Moreover , Spectacles that represent the Objects , neither greater nor lesser than they are , preserve the Sight much . Lastly , all those things are to be avoided which injure the Sight , and such as help it are to be used . CHAP. XVIII . Of the Dilatation of the Pupil . THE Vvea Tunica is subject to many Diseases , especially Rupture , Distortion , Dilatation and Constriction . A Rupture may be occasioned by an external Cause , as by a Bruise or the like , or by an internal , namely , by a great quantity of Humours extending , or breaking it : But this can never be cured by Art ; the distorting of it happens from the first Conformation , when it sticks on every side to the horny Tunick ; and this also can never be cured . The Dilatation of the Pupil , which is the hole of the Vvea Tunica , through which the Species of the Objects enter the Eye , injures the Sight , for that the Light enters in too great quantity ; upon which account , such as are troubled with a Dilatation of the Pupil , see better where there is a little Light , than where there is a great deal ; and this shews the natural and the ordinary changes of the Pupil , which happen according to the more or less Light of the place we are in , for in a very light place the Pupil is contracted ; and this is the Reason , that when we come out of a very light Place into another that is more obscure , we can at first scarce see any thing , till the Pupil is gradually dilated to receive more light , and then things that could not be seen at first , plainly appear : and on the contrary , they that come put of a dark place into a very light place , can scarce bear the Light. The preternatural Dilatation of the Pupil is either from the Birth , or arises from preternatural adventitious Causes , which are either internal , or external : The next and immediate of the Internals , is Extension of the Tunica Vvea , which is either from driness , or repletion ; driness stretches the Vvea , and renders the hole of the Pupil larger , as holes in Leather are larger when they are dry . This dry Intemperies is occasioned by long Watchings , by Fevers and other drying Causes . The Repletion of the Tunica Vvea , it being extended on every side , renders the Pupil larger , and this is produced either by Wind or Vapours , or by Humours flowing upon the Eye , or by the watery Humour encreased above measure ; and lastly from a Swelling of the Tunica Vva . To these Causes may be added a Convulsion of the Tunick , which chiefly appears in Fits of the Falling Sickness , and in Chldrens Convulsions . The external Causes are a Fall , a violent Shaking , holding of the breath in Women in Travail , and in Trumpeters . The Diagnostick of this Disease is not difficult , for the Dilatation of the Pupil may be perceived by the Eyes , especially if before the Disease , the Physician know the natural largeness of it , and also if with the largeness of the Pupil , the Sight is obstructed ; besides , the natural largeness of the Pupil is known by shutting one Eye , for then the Pupil of the other is more dilated , which does not happen in a Dilatation , that is , a Disease , because the Tunica Vvea is so much distended by the preternatural Cause , that it can be distended no further . As to the Prognostick ; A Dilatation of the Pupil from the Birth , is incurable ; and that which arises after , is difficult to Cure , especially if Driness be the Cause . CVRE . The Cure is to be varied , according to the variety of the Causes ; and if it come from Driness , the whole Body must be refreshed with moistning Medicines , and Nourishment , such as is used in Hectick Fevers , the Body is also to be moistned with a Bath of hot Water and new Milk , if it be also frequently drop'd into the Eyes , especially Womens Milk. If it proceed from an Humour that fills the Eye , the-whole Body is to be Evacuated , and presently the Hu , +mour wherewith the Eye is stopped must be discussed which may be sufficiently performed by the Remedies prescribed in the Cure of a Suffusion : But after them Astringents may be used , to contract the Pupil of the Eye ; to which end the following Collyrium may be used . Take of Red Roses dried two scruples , of Saffron , Spikenard , and the Bark of Frankin●ense , each half a scruple , of Tutty prepared , Spodium , Acacia , each one scruple ; reduce them to a Powder , and tie it up in a fine Rag , and infuse it in three ounces of Rose-water : Drop the Water in the Eyes often , and press the Rag every time you use the Water . If it proceed from Wind , after general Evacuations , those Medicines are to be used , which expel Wind , and the Eyes may be fomented with a Decoction of Fennel , Rue , Dill , Red Roses and Myrtles , made in Rose-water , and a fourth part of White Wine . Lastly , if it be occasioned by a Bruise , it must be cured like an Ophthalma , if there be an Inflammation ; but if there be no Inflammation , apply at the beginning a Cataplasm made of Bean Flower , the Leaves of Plantane , Red Roses , and Rose-water : But afterwards , Pidgeons Blood must be often drop'd into the Eye ; which is an excellent Remedy for all Wounds and Bruises of the Eyes . CHAP. XIX . Of the Narrowness of the Pupil . THE Narrowness of the Pupil is also injurious to the Sight : It is either narrow from the Birth , and then it is no great Injury ; for though they cannot see so well as others in a Place where there is not much light , yet they see better in a very light Place ; or the Narrowness of the Pupil is occasioned by preternatural Causes , as from too great moisture , or driness , from a Defect in the Watery Humour , or for want of Spirits . The Cure of this Disease is the same with the former , though they produce different Effects . CHAP. XX. Of an Albugo , Spot , and other Colours of the Cornea changed . THE natural Constitution of the Cornea is altered , when it loses its Perspicuity , or changed into another Colour . It loses its clearness , when it grows thick by driness , which often happens in old People , and is never to be cured : Or it is thickned by gross Humours stuff'd into it ; which frequently happens in an Ophthalmia ; when , by reason of too great an use of Resolvent Remedies , the thinner Parts of the Humours are discussed , the thick remaining behind : Or when by cooling Medicines used too often , the Humours are thickned ; and then the Horny Tunick is not only thicker in that Part where the Humour is impacted ; but it also turns white , and is called Leucoma , or Albugo ; but such a Disease is also occasioned by the Cicatrix of a Wound , whereby the Cornea is rendred thicker , and loses its clearness ▪ There are several sorts of it , as it is more or less thick ; one only possesses the Superficies of the Cornea , another is seated deep , and penetrates the whole Cornea ; one is greater , and possesses the whole Pupil , or the greatest Part of it ; another is small , and covers only a small Part of the Pupil , and then it is called a Spot . The Cornea is also infected with a different Colour , when Blood is poured off upon it , and then it is called Suggillatio , and then all the Objects appear red ; or when Choler insinuates it self into it , which often happens in the Jaundice , and then the Objects appear yellow . Those Diseases do not want peculiar Diagnosticks ; because they are apparent . As to the Prognosticks : An Albugo which proceeds from Flegm , or from a gross Humour remaining after an Ophthalmia , is easily cured , if it be not inveterate : But that which is occasioned by a Cicatrix , is very difficultly cured ; because Parts of exquisite Sense , can scarce bear such sharp Remedies , as are necessary to take off the Cicatrix . The Cure of an Albugo , occasioned by Flegmatick Humours , concreted in the Cornea , must be performed by emollient , discutient , and attenuating Medicines : But universal Remedies mush be premised , which carry off the antecedent Cause , and prevent a new influx of Humours , such are set down in the Cure of a Suffusion , and Gutta Serena ; afterwards a Fomentation is to be applied with soft Spunges , to mollifie the concreted Matter , made of the Decoction of Foenugreek , Melilot , Celandine and Fennel , or the Vapour of this Decoction , may be received into the Eyes : Presently after discussing Remedies are to be used , such as are prescibed for the Cure of a Suffusion ; and attenuating Eye Medicines , and such as resolve the Humour impacted in the Eye , especially such as are made of Honey distilled , are to be used ; for the Water of distilled Honey , is very good to take out Spots from the Eyes ; if the use of it be long continued . Sugar-Candy dissolved in Eyebright , Celandine , or Fennel-water , is also good , and let the Eye be often licked , with a Boy 's or Girl 's Tongue , they having first chewed Fennel in their Mouths . Amatus Lusitanus says , that he cured a Girl of twelve Years of Age , that had thick Clouds in her Eyes with the following Collyrium , having first used the Decoction Sarsa for three Weeks . Take two Pound of Honey in the Comb , of the Tops of Fennel , of the Flowers of Elder , and Eyebright , each two Pugils , of Sugar-Candy two ounces ; distil them in a Bath , and drop the Water into the Eyes . The Juice of Fennel fresh drawn with one drop of Peruvian Balsam in it , discusses powerfully an Albugo ; the Oil of burnt Rags mixt with the Spittle of a Boy , being applied with a Feather , is also good . This Oil is drawn by firing a Rag , and extinguishing it between two Platters ; when it is cold , the drops of Oil will stick to the Platter . But an Albugo , or a Spot , occasioned by a Cicatrix , is cured by those Remedies which mollifie , attenuate , and dissolve ; but because those things that take off the Cicatrix are Acrimonious , the greater care ought to be taken , that universal Evacuations and Revulsions are first used ▪ lest Humours should flow to the Part ; afterwards it will be convenient to use such Fomentations which are mentioned above ; and then discutient and abstersive Remedies are to be applied . First , those that are gentle , especially the Compound Water of Honey above described : But afterwards stronger , as the Galls of Fish , of the Pike , and the like : Also of other Animals , as of the Partridge , Cock , Goose , Bull , and the like ; also the Juices of the greater Celandine , the lesser Centaury , Brooklime , and the like , which are to be mixed with Honey , both because the Honey is discutient , and abstersive , also because Liquors drop'd into the Eye , run presently to the Corners , and will not stay upon the Pupil , upon which they ought to work ; but when they are mixed with Honey , they easily stick to it ; but by reason of their sharpness , the foresaid Juices or Galls may be thickned with the Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth , Psyllium , or Quinces extracted in Penny-royal or Eye-bright Water , the form of a Collyrium with Juices may be such as follows . Take of the Juice of Fennel , Celandine and Brook-lime , each three Drams , of the Juice of the lesser Centaury half an ounce , of white Honey one ounce ; mingle them like a Liniment ; if with the Albugo there is a redness of the Eyes , the Collyrium made of White Wine , Salt and Wheat , described in the Chapter of an Ophthalmia , is good , or the following may be used . Take of Aloes and Agarick , each one scruple , powder them , and tie them up in a Rag , and infuse them in Eye-bright or Fennel-water , and rub the Eyes with it , Morning and Evening . The Aloes cleanses , strengthens , and stops Fluxions , and the Agarick is very abstersive . Suggilatio , or the red Colour of the Eyes , occasioned by Blood pour'd upon them ; if it be fresh , may be easily cured , by dropping Pidgeons Blood into the Eyes , or for want of it Womans Milk with a little Frankincense and Saffron , or the Yolk of an Egg with Wine may be used . But if the Disease be obstinate , the Eye must be fomented with a Decoction of Foenugreek , Marsh mallows ▪ Fennel , Rue , and Celandine ; or the Steam of the Decoction may be received into the Eyes . Lastly , all those things that we prescribed for a Suffusion , are proper for the Cure of this Disease : But when the Disease is inveterate , and when that which was red begins to turn black , the Tops of Hyssop wrap'd in a Rag , and dipp'd in boiling Water , and applied to the Eye , are particularly recommended by Galen ; and Experience shews , that this Remedy is so very effectual ; that the Blood is apparently drawn out , and sticks to the Rag. Lastly , the yellow Colour , which appears in the Eyes of those that have the Jaundice , goes off of its own accord when the Disease is cured : But if you desire to hasten the Dissipation of it , the Steam of Vinegar received in the Eyes , will do it . CHAP. XXI . Of an Ophthalmia . THE Tunica adnata is so nearly joined to the Cornea , that many Diseases possess both Tunicks , so an Inflammation of the Eyes , though it properly belong to the Tunica adnata , yet is very often extended to the Cornea , and produces various Diseases in it , viz. Ulcers , Hypopyon , Albugo , and others , and Pustles and other Tumours and Wounds and Ulcers are common to both Tunicks : So that all the Diseases of these Tunicks cannot be treated of a part ; and therefore we are forced to enter upon the Diseases of the Tunica adnata , before we treat further , of the Diseases of the Cornea . Therefore , beginning from an Ophthalmia , which according to the Signification of the Word , is nothing but an Inflammation of the Eye , and is called in English , Blearedness of the Eyes . The conjunct Cause of an Ophthalmia , is Cholerick , Flegmatick , or Melancholy Blood , flowing into the Eyes , or accumulated there . There are many Causes of Fluxion , both External and Internal . The Causes of Congestion , are all those things which occasion an Intemp●ries , or Weakness in the Eyes . The Diagnostick of an Ophthalmia is easie ; for the Blood pour'd upon the Tunica adnata , may be perceived by the Eyes ; if it be occasioned by Blood , the whole Face ▪ as well as the Tunica adnata , will look red , and the Veins will appear large : If it proceed from Cholerick Blood , the Acrimony of the Tears will corrode the Angles of the Eyes and the Cheeks , and there will be a violent pricking Pain : If it proceed from Flegm , the● will be a dull Pain , and little Heat ; the Tears will not be sharp , but the Eye will be much blear'd , and full of viscous Matter : If it proceed from Melancholy ▪ the Tumour will be small , and the redness will incline to a brown Colour , the Tears few , and the clammy Matte● little , but thick . If the Fluxion arise from the inward Parts of the Head , there will be a Head-ach , that reaches to the Roots of the Eyes : But if the Fluxion pass by the outward Vessels into the Eyes , the Pain of the Head is more external ; the Veins of the Forehead are distended , and a Pulsation is perceived in the Temples . In order to the Cure of an Ophthalmia , a cooling and moistening Diet must be appointed , and such Meats as easily digest ; and rather boiled than roasted ; Spoon ▪ Meats rather than solid ; the Patient must avoid Acrid , Salt , and Pepper'd Meats , and such as fill the Head with Vapours ; Milk , Sugar , and all sweet things , must be avoided . Wine is not good in the beginning ; but instead of it , a Ptisan of Liquorice and Barly , or some other cooling Liquor must be used . Sleep is very beneficial , because the Motion of the Eye then ceases , whereby the Pain and Fluxion are excited , the Sick should lie with his Head high on the well side : All Motion of the Body must be forbid ; and Talking , and the Belly must be kept open : The Patient must keep himself free from Passions , especially from Anger . The Air must be temperate , and pure , and free from Smoak , Dust and Winds , and the Room must be darkned , and the Eye must be covered with Black , Green or Sky-coloured Cloth ; the well Eye must be also covered ; because , when that moves to view an object , the other is also moved . The Course of Diet being thus appointed , the external Causes , from whence it most commonly arises , must be removed . A Collyrium must be presently prepared , made of Rose and Plantane-water , the white of an Egg , and of Womans Milk , and let it be dropp'd into the Eyes often in a Day ; and a Rag dipp'd in it must be applied over at the same time Sleep must be indulged as much as may be ; for it much furthers the Concocting , or discussing of the Morbifick Matter . If the Disease be not taken off with these things , Remedies for a true Ophthalmia are to be used in the following manner . A Clyster must be first injected , and Blood must be drawn from the Part opposite to the Part affected , and Bleeding must be repeated , till a sufficient Evacuation and Revulsion are made ; for this Disease has been often cured by Bleeding alone ; but respect must be had to the Age , the Sex , and Constitution of the Sick ; and in those that have had some accustomed Evacuation suppressed , as of the Courses or Hemorrhoids , the inferior Veins must be opened , or Leeches must be applied to the Hemorrhoids . But after a sufficient Evacuation of Blood has made , by Vene-section , Revulsion must be also undertaken , by applying Cupping-glasses , with , and without Scarification , to the Back and Shoulders , Frictions and Ligatures are also used to the Inferior Parts ; and to the foresaid Revulsions , Derivation is to be joined , which is made by opening the Veins of the Forehead and Temples , and in the Angle of the Eye ; some apply Leeches to the Temples , or behind the Ears ; all which kinds of Derivation are very useful after sufficient Evacuations . Galen commends the opening of the Arteries of the Temples , when the Ophthalmia proceeds from very hot and boiling Blood : And though this kind of Remedy is seldom used in our Age ; yet it is very beneficial , and without danger ; for in those lesser Arteries , by Ligature only , the Blood may be stopp'd . Blisters are also of good use applied to the Neck , and behind the Ears ; and after Bleeding has been sufficiently used , Purging must be ordered , that the hot Humours may be evacuated ; but you must Purge with gentle Medicines , and such as cool the Blood ; as , Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of Sena two drams , of Rhubarb one dram , and an half ; infuse them in Fountain Water : To three Ounces of the strained Liquor , add of Manna , and of Syrup of Roses solutive , each an ounce . Make a Potion to be taken in the Morning ; or the following Bolus may be used . Take of Cassia newly extracted six drams , double Catholicon three drams , Pouder of Rhubarb one dram , with a sufficient quantity of Sugar ; make a Bolus . In a Flegmatick Ophthalmia , Pills are frequently prescribed , as Pills of Agarick , and the like ; which although they be very proper when the Disease is at its height , yet in the beginning , it is better to let them alone , lest the Humours being put in a Commotion by the sharpness of the Medicine , may cause a greater fluxion upon the Part. Neither is one Purge sufficient , but they must be frequently repeated , if the Disease prove tedious ; convenient preparations being premised , as Apozems and Juleps proper for the peccant Humour : In the first place , the heat of the Humours is to be temperated from the beginning of the Disease , by refrigerating and thickning Juleps , or with an Emulsion of the four greater cold Seeds , Lettice and white Poppy Seed , made with some cooling Decoction ; to which may be added Rose-water . Universal Evacuations and Revulsions being premised , Topicks are to take place , and such as are repelling from the beginning ought to be used . Nevertheless , the more rational Practitioners do advise , not to apply repelling Collyriums at the beginning of the Disease : Because for the most part , they six the Humour that slows upon the Part , and so augment the pain and inflamation . Galen does censure an Oculist , because he proposed repelling Medicines to be used at the beginning of an inflamation . Nevertheless , astringent Medicines may be applied to the Forehead and the Temples at the very beginning of the Disease ; because by them the Veins by which the Humours fall upon the Eyes are compressed , and the Humour repelled . They may be made after this manner : Take of Bole-armenick , Dragons blood , Frankincense , Mastich , each one Dram ; red Roses , Balaustins , and the Flower of Lentles , each two Scruples , mix them with the White of an Egg , and Vinegar of Roses . Make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Forehead and Temples . A Cataplasm made of the Juice of Nettles , and Wheaten Flower is esteemed very effectual for stopping the Flux of Humours upon the Eye , being applied to the Forehead and Temples ; sometimes the Juice of Nettles by a specifick quality does stop all manner of Fluxes of Blood , being either applied outwardly to the place , or taken inwardly . In the mean time , if the pain be very violent , which causes a Fluxion more and more upon the Eyes , anodine Medicines must be applied to the Eyes ; of which the new Milk of an healthful Woman is the best , which is to be milk'd from the Breast into the Eye , instead of it new Cheese made of Sheeps Milk may be used : But it must be often changed , lest it turn to Butter , and so augment the inflamation . The White of an Egg beat into Water , is greatly commended by Galen , because it eases Pain , and stops the Fluxion gently . An Apple roasted under Cinders does also greatly mitigate the pain of the Eyes . The Mucilages of the Seeds of Fleabean , Quinces , and Fenugreek Seeds extracted with Rose-water , do greatly ease Pain ; they must be changed once in two days , lest they become sharp . Of these , several Compositions may be made upon occasion : For example . Take of the Pap of a sweet Apple roasted under the Cinders one Ounce , of the Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium and of Quinces extracted in Rose-water , each six Drams , of the Liquor of the White of a new Egg , and Womans Milk , each one Ounce : Make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Eyes . Pieces of Kids , Calves or Sheeps Flesh new kill'd , frequently applied to the Eyes , powerfully ease Pains . A more simple Cataplasm may be made of Crums of Bread moistned in Womans Milk and Rose-water . But if the Pain be vehement , and intolerable , Narcoticks must be used , but sparingly , and with Caution ; because they condense the Spirits that serve for Sight , and thicken the Coats of the Eye , and the Humours , and so dull the Sight . Amongst the Ocular Narcoticks , Trochisci Albi Rhasis with Opium , are the best , which may be prescribed after this manner . Take of Rose Water two Ounces , the White of an Egg strongly beaten one Ounce , Trochisci Albi Rhasis with Opium one Dram ; make a Collyrium to be dropt into the Eyes . After the Pain is abated , repelling Medicines are to be used , which ought to be moderate , and anodine Medicines are to be always mixed with them ; to this end the following Collyrium uses to be prescribed . Take of Plantane-water , Rose-water , each an Ounce and an half , Liquor of the White of an Egg an Ounce , Trochisci Albi Rhasis , without Opium , one Dram ; make a Collyrium to be often dropt into the Eyes . If the Pain be more sharp , Womans Milk , and the above mentioned Mucilages may be added to the Collyrium . The following Remedy powerfully abates the Inflammation , and stops the Fluxion . Take the white of one Egg , beat it with a pretty big piece of Allum in a Tin Platter ; stir it until it has got the consistence of an Ointment : spread it upon a Rag , and apply it warm to the Eyes ; romove it in the space of two Hours ; lest by staying too long , it fix the Humours in the Eye , by the astringent force which is in the Allum . Sal Saturni dissolved in Rose-water or Oxycrate , or mixed with Pomatum , does powerfully extinguish the Inflammation of the Eyes . In the augmentation of the Disease , digesting Medicines are to be mixed with repelling Medicines ; therefore to the above-mentioned Collyriums may be added , Waters of Eye-bright , Fennel , Celandine , and the Mucilages of the Seeds of Flax , Marsh-Mallows , Foenugreek . Galen chiefly commends the Decoction of Foenugreek Seeds ; because it Digests , Concocts , and moderately repels . When the Disease is at a height , Sarcocol is also added to Collyriums , which digests a little more powerfully : But because it hurts the Eyes by its Acrimony , it is fit to infuse it some days in Milk , often changed before it be used , and a small quantity of it ought to be prepared at once ; for after it is long kept it turns sharp , and is hurtful to the Eyes , it may be used after this manner . Take of Flowers of Melilot , Camomil , red Roses , each one pugil , of the Seeds of Foemigreek well cleansed one dram ; boil them in Plantane-water : in four ounces of the strained Liquor , dissolve a dram of Sarcocol prepared , of Tutty prepared , and Trochisci albi Rhasis without Opium , each half a dram , make a Collyrium . There are some Waters commended by Authors , as very effectual . Quercetan in his Dispensatory , commends the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , in Eye-bright and Plantane-waters . Crollius , and the rest of the Chymists , greatly commend Salt of Saturn dissolved in Rose-water , to which may be added some Grains of Sal Ammoniacum : It may be prescribed after this manner . Take of Sacharum Saturni three grains , of Salt Ammoniacum three grains , Rose-water three ounces ; mix them , and drop of it into the Eyes Morning and Night . A Water made of white Vitriol , it being dissolved in Red Rose-water or Plantane-water is commonly used ; as , Take of White Vitriol one scruple , dissolve it in four ounces of Plantane or Rose-water ; strain it , and drop it into the Eyes : If it be too sharp , it must be qualified by mixing more Water with it . Many Ointments are also commended for the Cure of an Ophthalmia . Take of prepared Tutty an ounce and an half , of Camphor one dram , of Verdigrease grains twelve ; powder the Camphor and the Tutty together in a Mortar , and the Verdigrease by it self , all of them must be very finely powdered ; then take of fresh Butter one Ounce , of Rose-water one dram , boil them together gently , and having taken them from the Fire , mix by degrees , first the Tutty with the Camphor , afterwards the Verdigrease ; strain them through Silk , and make an Oyntment ; Anoint the inward part of the Eye-lids , especially about corners , with this Oyntment . This is of excellent use for Inflammations of the Eyes , and for itching of the Eye-lids . When the Disease is come to its State , resolving Remedies ought to exceed Repellents , and the same Remed●es which were used at the beginning are also good , when it is at its height , if you increase the quantity of the Resolvents , and lessen the quantity of the repelling Ingredients . A Fomentation made in the following manner , is convenient to be used to discuss the Morbisick Matter when the Disease is at height . Take of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , Roses , each one Pugil , of the Seeds of Fenugreek two Ounces , make a Decoction , wherewith foment the Eyes with linnen rags four times double . This Fomentation may be also used at the beginning or declination of the Disease ; it must be applied hot in the Winter and warm in the Summer . The Oyl of Rags , or the Liquor which is drawn from Rags , burnt and extinguished betwixt two Platters , is excellent to discuss an Ophthalmia , a drop of it mixed with a Childs Spittle , being put into the Eye with a Feather . And Collyria that are more resolvent may be used at the declination . Take of Frankincense and Aloes each half a dram , of Sarcocol moistned with Womans Milk one dram and an half , of Saffron half a Scruple , of the Mucilage of Fenugreek Seeds half an Ounce , of Fennel and Eye-bright Water each an Ounce , make a Collyrium . Fennel Water mixed with Astringent Wine , is good to be used in the manner of a Fomentation , to discuss the Relicks of the Disease , and to strengthen the Eye . A Decoction of Hyssop is excellent to take off the Redness which remains at last . But an inveterate Ophthalmia , which has continued many Years , requires a somewhat different and longer Method of Cure. If it proceed from a hot Intempories , then such Remedies as correct it are to be used ; after Bleeding , and convenient Purging Baths , Whey , and Vitriolick Mineral Waters , and Leeches applied to the Hemorrhoids , do much good . But if the matter of an Ophthalmia arise only from an Intemperies of the Brain , from whence Flegmatick Humours flow to the Eyes with somewhat of Blood ; then care must be taken to purge the Brain twice , thrice or four times in a Month , and a Seaton must be made in the Neck , and Masticatories are of use . But if the Brain want to be more dried , Sudorifick Decoctions of China , Sarsaparilla , and the like , must be used , and the Resolvent Fomentation and Oyntment mentioned above are to be applied , and the following Water is very effectual . Take of the best Aloes , and of Tutty prepared , each six drams , of white Sugar one Ounce , of Rose-water , and of White-wine that is not acid , each six Ounces , infuse them in the Sun for forty days , in a Glass well stop'd , drop in a few drops of this Water , not strained , into the Eye . Sometimes in an inveterate Ophthalmia much Filth like Matter is collected in the Eyes , and in this case Cotton finely carded and well dried , and applied over the Eyes for many nights together , will draw it out . To conclude , Zacutus Lusitanus cured a desperate Ophthalmia , that had continued , notwithstanding all other Remedies for a Year , with Fluxing . CHAP. XXII . Of Matter collected under the Cornea . INflan●ations of the Eyes , when they are Violent , and a great Tumor is raised , cannot sometimes be dissolved but turn to Matter , which is greatly to be feared ; for then Ulcers succeed , and sometimes a Collection of Matter under the Cornea , which is called Hypopyon : This also often happens by Contusions of the Eyes . This Disease is known , not only by the white colour that resembles Matter , but also by the Inflammation that went before ; and when the Eye is moved , the Matter seems to move under the Cornea ; the Eye looks red , and there is a throbbing Pain in it , or at least it went before . In order to the Cure , Universal Remedies being premised , if any relicks of the Inflammation remain , they must be taken off by Remedies prescribed in the foregoing Chapter , and afterwards use a Fomentation made of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , the Seeds of Psyllium , and Fenugreek , afterwards you may use the following Collyrium . Take of the Waters of Vervain , Rue , Celandine , Roses , Fennel , each half an Ounce ; of the best Aloes , Tutty prepared , each half a dram ; of Sugar-candy one dram ; powder them and mingle them , and add to them a little Womans Milk ; make a Collyrium . Drop a few drops into the Eye twice or thrice a day . The following Medicine is also very effectual . Take of Saffron , Aloes , Myrrh , each one dram , of Wine three drams , of Hony six drams , dissolve the Saffron in Wine , then mingle the Aloes and Myrrh , and lastly the Hony , anoint the Eyes with it . And those Remedies are also proper , which were prescribed for Spots of the Eyes , and for a Suffusion ; but if the Matter cannot be discussed by resolving Medicines , other Remedies must be used . Galen mentions an Oculist of his time , that cured many of this Disease with placing the Patient upright in a Chair , and holding his Head on both Sides , and suddenly shaking it , the Matter sunk down : But if this will not do , Galen proposes to Cure it by Puncture , as in a Suffusion : But for this Operation , the most skilful Chirurgion must be procured . CHAP. XXIII . Of Bladders called Phlyctaenae . IN the Tunicks , called Cornea and Adnata , as in other Parts of the Body , are wont to be generated small Bladders full of Water , like the Bladders which arise from Scaulds ; they are of the bigness of Millet Seeds , and are occasioned by acid and watery Humours , they are easily known , for they appear to Sight : Those that arise in the Adnata , are of a red Colour ; but those in the Cornea , are blackish , when they are placed upon the Superficies of it ; but they are white , if they lie deep . Those that are seated in the Adnata , are not so dangerous as those in the Cornea , the superficial is less dangerous than they that are deep . The Cure of then must be performed , by resolving the conjunct Matter , and by turning the antecedent Cause the other way , and great care must be taken to hinder Suppuration ; wherefore universal Evacuations , Revulsions and Derivations , which were propos'd in the Cure of an Ophthalmia , are also of use here . Afterwards Topicks are to be applied , which gently repel in the beginning ; but in the Progress of the Disease , such things as dry and and resolve are to be used , which you may see in the Chapter of an Ophthalmia . CHAP. XXIV . Of the Vlcers of the Tunicks called Cornea and Adnata . ULCERS in those Tunicks use to follow an Ophthalmia , when it comes to Suppuration ; they also follow the breaking of the Bladders in the Cornea : They are also occasioned by sharp and corroding Humours , that fall upon the Eyes . Great variety of them are proposed by Authors , according to the various Circumstances . They are easily known , because they appear to Sight : If the Ulcer be in the Cornea , it appears white in the black of the Eye ; if it be in the Adnata , a red Spot appears in the white of the Eye . These Ulcers are very hard to Cure , and dangerous ; but much more in the Cornea , than in the Adnata . That which is near the Pupil is most dangerous ; because when it is cured , a Cicatrix is left behind , which spoils the Clearness of the Sight . The Cure of this Disease , as of other Ulcers , is to be perform'd by cleansing and drying Medicines , but they must be very gentle , by reason of the softness and exquisite Sense of the Part ; but those things are to be used first which stop the Fluxion : Such are to be found in the Chapter of an Ophthalmia . If there be also an Inflammation and Pain , Medicines respecting both must be added to the former . Moderate cleansing and drying Medicines are , Sugar , Honey , Saffron , Myrrh , Frankincense , Aloes , Sarcocol , Tutty , and Ceruss , whereof the following Forms may be composed . Take of the Decoction of Barly and Foenugreek four ounces , of the best Hony half an ounce , or of Syrup of dried Roses one ounce ; make a Collyrium , wherewith wash the Eye often ; or , Take of Vervain and Plantane Waters each two ounces , of Sugar-Candy half an ounce , mingle them for a Collyrium ; or , Take of Hony Water distilled in a Bath , and of Rose-water each equal Parts ; or , Take an Egg boiled hard , and clear'd from the Shell , divide it into two parts , take out the Yolk , and fill the hole with Sugar-Candy powder'd , bind it up , and set it in a Cellar , and a Liquor will drop from it , which is very fit to cleanse Vlcers ; if you would have it operate more powerfully , you must mix powder'd Myrrh with the Sugar-Candy . In the Progress of the Disease , if it is necessary to cleanse and dry more powerfully , add to the forementioned Collyria , white Troches of Rhasis , Frankincense , Aloes , Myrrh , Sarcocol , and such like in a small Dose : You may also add Milk , the White of an Egg , Mucilages , and other Anodyns ; but Tutty is better than the rest , because it dries without causing Pain . The following Collyrium is very drying and cleansing . Take of Sarcocol moistned in Rose-water , of Ceruss , Aloes wash'd , Myrrh , Tutty prepared , each half a dram , of Sugar-Candy one dram , with the Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth extracted in Rose-water ; make a Collyrium , wherewith anoint the Eye-lids . CHAP. XXV . Of the Cancer of the Cornea . AS Cancers are wont to happen in all Parts of the Body , so also they sometimes grow in the Eyes . A Cancer of the Eye , is either occult or ulcerated : An occult is called a Cancerous Tumor ; when it is ulcerated , it is called a cancerous Ulcer ; in both there is an unequal hardness , and a leaden and livid Colour , great and pricking Pain , especially about the Temples , the Veins appear swoln like a Varix , in the Tumour , and in the Neighbouring Parts , sharp Blood frequently flows our , when the Cancer is ulcerated ; and the Pain is very much exasperated by Medicines , that are never so little heating . This Disease is incurable , both in the Eye and in other Parts of the Body when it is rooted , unless it be irradicated by a Chirurgical Operation . Two sorts of Cures are proposed by Authors , viz. a true one , and a palliative . The true one can be performed only by Chirurgery , the palliative Cure , which mitigates the Symptoms , is perform'd by Evacuations and convenient Topicks . But first of all , a cooling and moistning Course of Diet must be ordered , afterwards Blood must be drawn from the Part opposite to the Eye affected , and Leeches must be applied behind the Ears of the same side , and to the Hemorrhoidal Veins , if they are any whit swelled : Cupping-glasses must be also applied to the Shoulders , and other sorts of Revulsions must be used . Purging , and the prepara●ion of the Humours by Potions , Apozems , medicated Brothes , and the like must be frequently prescribed : But above all , Black Hellebore rightly prepared , or the extract of it ; for an incipient Cancer has been cured by using of it twice or thrice . These Remedies hinder the influx of the Humours into the Eyes , and much lessen the Pain and other Symptoms : But Topical Remedies , such as are described in the Chapter of an Ophthalmia to ease pain , do also much good , especially Collyria made of Mucilages , of the white Troches of Rhasis , of Tutty prepared , and with the Water of Roses , Night-shade and Plantane . The following Water is excellent for washing the Eye . Take of the Roots of the greater Figwort , and of Herb-Robert , each two handfuls , of Ribwort , Night-shade , Borrage , Bugloss , Purslain , Eye-bright , Betony , each one handful , of green Frogs , and of the white of Eggs , each number seven , of the Seeds of Foenugreek and Quinces each one ounce ; the Roots and Seeds must be beat , and the Leaves cut ; then pour upon them of Rose-water and Eye-bright water , each one pint : mingle them , and distil them in a leaden Still . The Flesh of Pullets eases the Pain much , and some say this Disease has been cured by this Remedy only . A Lady that had an ulcerous Cancer upon all the right side of her Face a long while , and had used various Medicines that were prescribed by Italian , French , German , and Spanish Physicians , was cured by a Barber by this common Remedy . He cut Chickens into thin and broad Pieces , and applied them often in a day to the Part affected . Lastly , The true Cure of a confirm'd Cancer can only be perform'd by the Extraction of the Eye , which Fabricious Hildanus says may be safely and successfully done ; and he describes at large the manner of Extirpation , and all the Circumstances of it in his Observations . CHAP. XXVI . Of the Rupture of the Cornea . THERE is such a Solution of the Continuum in the horny Tunick sometimes , that the watery Humour comes out of the Tunica Vvea ; this is call'd a Rupture of the Cornea . The cause of this is either a Rupture , or a Wound , and it is most commonly incurable ; but if the Wound be small , and if but part of the watery Humour flows out , the Cure may be undertaken : For Galen says that the watery Humour is sometimes regenerated . The Cure of this Disease must be entred upon , by conglutinating Remedies : Universal Evacuations , namely , Bleeding and Purging , if they are necessary , being first used ; drop into the Eye the White of an Egg mingled with the white Troches of Rhasis , and foment the Part , with the Decoction of Red Roses , of the Leaves of Knot-grass , Brambles , Shepherds Purse and Plantane , made in astringent Wine , if there be not an Inflammation ; if there be , it must be made in Simple Water . Or , Take of Quinces paired , the Seeds and Cores being taken out , half a pound , of red Roses three pugils , of Acacia two drams , of Saffron one scruple ; boil them in astringent Wine , and make a Pul●ise to be applied to the Part ; and to strengthen the whole , the following Collyrium must be used . Take of Aloes wash'd , of prepared Tutty , and of Sarcocol moistned with Womans Milk , each half a scruple , Saffron grains eight , with Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth ; make a Collyrium . CHAP. XXVII . Of the Falling out of the Uvea . THE Falling out of the Vvea often succeeds the Rupture of the Cornea ; the Cure of it is very difficult : But if it be very small , it may be oured by moderate Astringents , such as are proposed in the foregoing Chapter . CHAP. XXVIII . Of a Fistula Lachrimalis . HItherto the Diseases of the Eyes , which happen in the Tunicks or Humours of them , have been treated of . It remains now , that we speak of the Diseases of the Eye-lids , and of the Corners of the Eyes . And first , the Tumour appearing betwixt the greater Angle of the Eye , and the Root of the Nose offers it self , it is called Oegylops , and Anchylops . Anchylops , before it is broken : But Oegylops , after it is broken . This Tumor , or rather Tubercle , is sometimes with an Inflammation , and sometimes without ; when it is accompanied with an Inflammation , it is red about and painful , and is occasioned by thin and cholerick Blood , brought by the Veins of the Temples , Forehead , and Face to the Part , and for the most part degenerates into a sinuous Ulcer , and then it is called Fistula Lachrimalis ; which if it continues a Year , occasions a Caries of the Bone , which may be known by the Cavity it makes , by the stinking Matter , and the roughness that is perceived by the Probe . This Tubercle also comes without an Inflammation , and then it is generated by a gross and viscid Humour , that resembles Honey ; then it is to be reckoned with those Tumors which are called Atheroma , Steatoma , and Meliceris , which are wont to be without Pain . The Cure of an Oegylops is very difficult , because Medicines can be hardly applied , by reason of the nearness of the Eye , and because by reason of the softness of the Parts , it easily degenerates into a Sinous Ulcer : But is yet more difficult to Cure , if the Abscess pass through the Nostrils , and Matter flow through them ; because the Bones that are under , are most commonly fouled thereby . But sometimes an Oegylops is of the Nature of a Cancer , which may be known by the pricking pain , the swelling of the Veins , and the hardness and livid Colour of the Skin ; and then it is better not to meddle with it , for Medicines make it worse , and increase the Pain . A new Fistula Lachrimalis , which hath an outward and plain Orifice , is cured by Medicines ; but that which is deep and inveterate , and joined with a Caries of the Bone can scarce be cured without a Cautery . The various Seasons of this Disease require different Applications and Remedies , and first at the beginning of an Oegylops , Revulsion of the Fluxion to the Part must be made by Bleeding and Purging , and at the same time repelling Medicines must be applied to the Forehead , whereby sometimes the Progress of the Disease is stopp'd , and the suppuration hindred . To which end the following Cerate may be applied . Take of Pomgranate Peel , of Acacia , Balaustins , Cyperus Nuts , Roch Allum , and Bole Armoniack each one Dram , of white Wax four ounces , of Turpentine three drams ; make a Cerate . Having used this or the like , resolving Medicines are to be applied to the Part for some time , as is the following Decoction . Take of pure Honey , and of Aloes each two ounces , of Myrrh one ounce , of Saffron one dram and an half , of Water a quart ; boil them with a gentle Fire , to the Consumption of half : dip a piece of soft Spunge , press it a little , and apply it hot , afterwards bind it on , and change it often . If the Tumor cannot be dissolved by the foresaid Remedies , but tends to Suppuration , it must be helped by a Plaister of simple Diachylon , or if the Pain and Inflammation be violent , a Cataplasm of Crums of Bread may be conveniently applied . If the Abscess does not break of its own accord , it must be presently opened ; for otherwise the Matter will corrode the neighbouring Parts , and occasion an incurable Fistula . The Abscess being opened , the Ulcer must be cleansed , and cured after the manner of other Ulcers : But if it prove obstinate , and turn to a Fistula , the following Method of Cure must be used . And first , universal Evacuations , as Bleeding and Purging are to be repeated : The Fluxion from the Head is to be averted by Cupping-glasses , Blisters , and Causticks applied to proper Places ; after which a Decoction of China or Sarsa may be used for a considerable time : In the mean time , the Brain is to be dried by Suffumigations , Cephalick Powders , and other Medicines proposed in the Chapter of a Catarrh . In place of an Issue , a Seton may be put in the Neck , by which alone a Fistula Lachrimalis was cured , according to the Relation of Fabritius Hildanus . In using of Topicks , the Orifice of the Ulcer is to be opened , and dilated slowly and by degrees , by a Tent made of the Pith of Elder , prepared Spunge , or the Root of Gentian . The Ulcer being sufficiently opened , the following Medicines may be used . Take of common Hony two ounces , Verdigrease one dram , Water of Rue four ounces , the Verdigrease being powdered , boil them altogether , to the Consumption of the third part . The strained Liquor warm may be put into the Eye by a Syringe solftly . This Remedy is to be continued for three Weeks , putting upon the Ulcer a convenient Plaister , and defending the Eye by washing it with Rose-water . The Ulcer being sufficiently cleansed , the following Collyrium may be used to Incarnate and Cicatrize . Take of Frankincense , Sarcocol , Aloes , Dragons Blood , Balaustins , Allum , Antimony each one dram , Verdigrease five grains : powder them all finely , and with a sufficient quantity of Rue-water make a liquid Collyrium , to be drop'd into the Eye thrice a day ; and also the Tent may be dipp'd in it , and after it is put in the Ulcer , a Plaister of Diapalma may be put over it . If there be a Caries in the Bone , it can only be cured by an actual Cautery ; the manner of applying it is exactly described by Paraeus , Fallopius and Aquapendens . CHAP. XXIX . Of Rhyas and Encanthis . TO a Fistula Lachrimalis ordinarily succeeds another Distemper , which is called Rhyas , which is the Consumption of the Caruncle of the greater Angle of the Eye , whereby it becomes larger . It is also produced by other Causes , as by sharp Humours falling upon and corroding the Part , or by cleansing Medicines which are used to Cure the Fistula Lachrimalis , To a Rhyas is opposed an Encanthis , which is the immoderate growing and standing out of the above-named Caruncle ; which is occasion'd by the too great abundance of Blood falling upon the Part , or from an Ulcer of that Part , not timely dried up . A Rhyas is cured by Consolidating and Sarcotick Medicines , such are the following : Take of Red Roses one pugil , Cyperus Nuts , Myrtles , each two drams , Aloes a dram and an half , rough Wine one pint , boil them to the Consumption of the fourth part . Wash the affected Part with this Wine often : Or , Take of Aloes , Frankincense each one dram , Dragons Blood half a dram , of Red Roses , and berries of Sumach each one scruple , Rosewater a pound ; boil them to the Consumption of a fourth part , make it in the form of a Collyrium . An Encanthis is cured by taking away the superfluous Flesh that grows in the Corner of the Eye , which is performed by Medicines which eat away proud Flesh , beginning with the more moderate , and proceeding to those that are more powerful . Therefore burnt Allum is to be first applied , and if that be not effectual , Vnguentum Apostolorum , Aegyptiacum , or Vitriol burnt is to be used . But if these be not sufficient , the Caruncle is to be cut off , or consumed with an actual Cautery . In taking off the Canruncle care must be taken , that it be not altogether taken away , lest the contrary Distemper , viz. a Rhyas , be produced . CHAP. XXX . Of an Epiphora . BY the Name of an Epiphora in general , a flux of Humours into any part whatsoever is understood . Nevertheless , it is most commonly taken for the flux of a thin Humour from the Eyes , which is also called involuntary Tears , which use to flow from the Corners of the Eyes continually . To the Production of these Tears ; which preternaturally flow from the Eyes , the ill disposition both of the part sending and the part receiving do concurr . The part which sends is the Brain , which being affected with a cold or hot Intemperies , generates watery Humours , and sends them to the inferior Parts , which are fit to receive them . The recipient Part is the gland by the greater Corner of the Eye , and the Caruncle placed above the same Corner : The thinness or thickness of which Parts , or any other weakness , is the Cause why they so easily receive the Humouts that flow into them . This Humour is carried from the Brain into the Corners of the Eyes , sometimes by the internal Veins , and sometimes by the external . The Humour causing an Epiphora is sometimes cold , and then it produces no other Inconvenience to the Sick , but the troublesomness of the Fluxion . But sometimes it is accompanied with Saltness and Sharpness ; and then it produces Pain , Redness , and also the Exulceration of the Eye-lids . As to the Prognostick ; A new Epiphora , occasioned by external Causes , is easily cured , especially in those that are Young. When it is of long continuance , and in an old Person , it is very hard to be cured . That which proceeds from other Distempers , as from an Oegylops , Fistula Lachrimalis , and the like , altogether depends upon the Cure of those Diseases . The Cure of this Disease consists in taking away of the Fluxion , and in strengthening the recipient Part. The Fluxion is to be removed by Evacuation , Revulsion and Derivation of the Peccant Humour , and the strengthening of the Part from which it is transmitted . The Peccant or Serous Humour abounding in the Brain , is evacuated by Bleeding and Purging . Bleeding in a cold Intemperies of the Brain , is not proper , unless there appears manifest Signs of a Plethora . But in a hot Intemperies , when the Humours are sharp , Bleeding is very proper , and may be repeated twice or thrice , if it be needful . Such Purging Medicines must be used as agree with the Nature of the Patient . Revulsion of the Humour must be made by Cupping-Glasses applied to the Shoulders often , by Blisters frequently applied to the Neck , or by Issues in the hinder Part of the Head , or in the Arms. Forestus says , when the Disease is obstinate , a Blister applied to the forepart of the Head does much good . For Derivation , Leeches applied behind the Ears are proper , and Masticatories used in a Morning . And least the Humours once evacuated should be generated again , the Brain must be strengthened and dried ; and if it be of a cold Intemperies , such things must be used , as are proper to correct it ; if of a hot , such coolling Medicines must be used , as peculiarly respect the Head. And whilst the foresaid Remedies are in use , Topical Remedies must be applied to the Part receiving , and first , if the Humour flows by the external Veins , astringents must be applied to the Forehead and Temples ; and if the Fluxion proceed from an hot an acrid Humour , the following Cataplasm must be applied . Take of Bole Armenic , Dragons Blood , Balaustines , and of Myrtles each one dram and an half , of Acacia and Hypocistis each one dram of Frankincense and Mastich each two scruples , of red Roses one pugil ; pouder them , and mix them with the white of an Egg , and a little Vinegar , make a Cataplasm , wrap it in a Rag , and apply it to the foresaid Parts , and when 't is dry renew it . If it be occasioned by a cold Humour , the following Cerate must be applied . Take of Frankincense and Mastick each one dram , and an half , of Gum Anime Tacamahacca and Blood-stone each one dram , of Gum Juniper two scruples , of Turpentine and Wax a sufficient quantity , make a Cerate . But to the part affected , astringent and drying Collyria must be applied , made in the following manner . Take of Tutty prepared one dram , of Sarcocol moistned half a dram , of Frankincense and Mastich each half a scruple , of Spikenard grains six ; make Troches , mix them with the White of an Egg , and Juice of Quinces , and apply them to the Corner of the Eye . Or , Take of Aloes , Cypress Nuts , Frankincense , Mastich , Myrrh , each two drams , of prepared Tutty , Sarcocol moistned , each one dram and an half , of Dragons Blood , Barberries , Summach , Red Roses each one scruple , powder them finely , and mix them with Fennel-water , and make a Collyrium . When the Fluxion is hot , the following is best : Take of white Troches of Rhasis without Opium , of Sarcocol moistned , of Acacia and Olibanum each one dram , of the Stones of Myrobalans burn'd , of white and red Coral each half a dram , of Pearls half a scruple , of the Juice of Pomgranates boil'd half away , a sufficient quantity . Make a Collyrium . If redness of the Eyes accompanies an Epiphora , the following is proper . Take of grains of Sumach bruised one scruple , of Plantane-water one ounce , infuse them for some time ; then press then out hard , and add of Rose-water , and Eye-bright-water , and of the White of an Egg well beaten , each half an ounce , of Sugar-Candy finely powder'd one scruple . Make a Collyrium . CHAP. XXXI . Of the Disease of the Eye , called Unguis Oculorum . IT is a hard and nervous Membrane that arises from the greater Angle of the Eye ; it first covers the White of the Eye , and then the Black , and the whole Pupil , and so it hinders Sight . Sometimes it is thin , and white , and sometimes fleshy , and consists of many bloody Veins . This Disease arises from an Ulcer of the Flesh in the Angle of the Eye , upon which account an inequality arises in the part , which in time grows to this covering . It is difficultly cured ; for the sharp Medicines that are necessary for taking it off , must be used leasurely and by degrees , by reason of the exquisite Sense of the Eye . When it is of a moderate bigness , it may be cured by Medicines ; but when it hath extended it self to the Black of the Eye and is become inverate , it can be cured only by manual Operation . When it is thick and hard , and of a blackish Colour , it is of a Cancerous Nature , and can never be cured . The Cure must be directed to the antecedent , and conjunct Cause . With respect to the antecedent Cause , such course of Diet must be ordered , as hath been propos'd for other Diseases of the Eyes arising from Fluxion , Evacuations and Revulsions are also to be used ; and after sufficient Evacuation , such Topicks are to be applied , as may consume it , beginning with those that are gentle , such as are prescribed for taking off Spots ; but if they are not sufficient , stronger must be used . Forestus commends the following Collyrium very much . Take of the Juice of Fennel four ounces , of the Juice of Celandine three ounces , of the Juice of Rue two ounces , of the Juice of Mallows two ounces and an half , of Aloes one dram , of Vitriol two scruple , of Verdigrease one scruple , of Ginger and Cinnamon half a scruple , of the Gall of an Eele , of Ox Gall , or Hogs Gall two drams , of Sugar-Candy two scruples ; boil the Juices , add the rest and clarifie them , so make a Collyrium . But before , and after the use of these things , the Eye must be fomented with an emollient Decoction . But if it cannot be cured by Topical Remedies , you must proceed to Chirurgical Operation ; the manner whereof is describ'd by Celsus , and others . Of Diseases of the EARS . CHAP. XXXII . Of Deafness and Difficulty of Hearing . WE treat of Deafness and Difficulty of Hearing in the same Chapter , because they proceed from the same Causes , and differ only in degree . They are either occasioned by Diseases of the Head , or by a fault in the Ears . A Cold Intemperies of the Brain , repletion or weakness , or any other Disorder , especially in that Part from whence the Nerves of Hearing arise , may occasion Deafness of Difficulty of Hearing . The fault of the Ear may be in the inward or outward part of it . In the outward Cavity , a perfect or imperfect Stoppage , by reason of a Tumor , Abscess , Blood , Matter , Flegm , or other things from within , or without , may occasion a difficulty of Hearing : But it is to be noted , that though the outward Cavity be quite stopped , yet perfect Deafness will not follow ; for sounds can pass through the Mouth to the Ears : for there is an open Passage from the Pallate to the inward Cavity of the Ears , which serves for the cleansing the Ears , aad those that are Deaf , are wont to open their Mouths , that they may hear the better : And if Travelling by Night , you put one end of your Stick , or the point of your Sword betwixt your Teeth , and the other end on the Ground , you will easier hear a noise from a far , and Footsteps of those that follow you . In the inward part of the Ear , Humours collected in the inward Cavity flowing principally from the Head , most commonly Flegmatick , but sometimes Cholerick , occasion Deafness , or Difficulty of Hearing : But these Humours are sometimes transmitted to the Ears from the whole Body , as in continual Fevers , especially when they are malignant ; but it also proceeds from an ill Conformation of the Organs of Hearing , as when the Tympanum is relaxed by a violent noise , or from moisture . And for this reason very many deaf People hear worst in a Southerly Constitution , because the Membrane is relaxed by the moisture of the Air : But sometimes the Tympanum is stretched and dried too much , as after acute Diseases , Watching or Fasting , and sometimes it is broke by violent Motions , or corroded by Matter : But sometimes Matter and Blood flow from the Ear in great Concussions , without any injury to the Hearing , when they break out betwixt the Bone , and the Membrane ; or if other Parts of the Ear are disordered from the Birth , or by reason of some external Cause , as from a Fall , a Blow , or the like . Lastly , a cold Intemperies occasioned by cold Air , or cold Water falling into Ear , or the immoderate use of Narcoticks , or of other Medicines , may occasion this Disease . To distinguish particularly all those Causes by their Signs is very difficult , yet they may be guest at in the following manner . If Deafness happen by reason of a Disease in the Head● some other Senses are also hurt , or some peculiar Disease appears in the Brain , as pain or dulness of the Head , Apoplexy , Lethargy or the like . The Stoppage of the outward Cavities of the Ears may be perceived by the Eyes , if by the Sun you look into the Cavities ; for then you may see , whether it be a Tumour or gross Matter , or any other Heterogeneous Substance ; and then you may know , by the relation of the Patient , whether any thing is fall'n into the Ear. But if the inward Cavity be filled with some Humour , we may reasonably suppose it is Flegm , if a Flegmatick Fluxion troubled the Sick before , or if he has been frequently subject to such Fluxions . But if a Cholerick Humour occasions this Disease , a Cholerlck Fever afflicts the Sick , or went before , and it is also accompanied with violent Pain , if it proceed from Blood , the Pain is heavy , and Blood abounds in the whole Body . The looseness and moisture of the Tympanum is known by moist Causes going before , and by a moist Intemperies seizing some other Part ; for it can scarce be imagined that moisture should only seize this part . Too much driness or tensity of Tympanum may be known by the driness of the whole Body , and drying Causes going before . We may also guess at the Rupture or Errosion of the Drum , if the violent corroding and tearing Causes above-mentioned went before . As to the Prognosticks of this Disease . Deafness from the Birth , or which has continu'd a long while , and is absolute , is incurable . And that which is not absolute , but of a long standing , is seldom or never cured . That Deafness which proceeds from Choler or Blood , in acute and continual Fevers , commonly goes off when the Fever ceases . Difficulty of Hearing , if it be not soon cured , degenerates into a perfect Deafness ; if the Drum be broke , and if a Cicatrix be left upon it , the Deafness is incurable . That Deafness which encreases and decreases by intervals , is curable . As to the Cure : That Deafness which proceeds from a Disease of the Head , requires no other Cure than what is requisite for the Cure of the said Disease ; that which arises from a Tumour that is hard and inveterate is incurable : But if it be hot and inflamed , the Cure of it is proposed in the Chapter of Pains of the Ears : But if it proceed from Matter collected in the Ear , see the Chapter of the things that come preternaturally from the Ear. If it proceed from driness , it must be cured by a moistning Diet , by long Sleep , and by washing the Head with warm Water , and dropping moistning things into the Ear , as Oil of sweet Almonds and the like : If it proceed from any thing dropp'd into the Ear , that must be forthwith wash'd out , shook out , or extracted ; and if some little Animal has crept into the Ear , it must either be allur'd out , or kill'd . The Ears are wash'd by pouring in such things as moisten , smoothen and dilate them as Milk , Oil of sweet Almonds , or some mollifying or loosning Decoction . Things are shook out of the Ears by Sneezing . It is also good in this case to bend the Ear downwards , and to hop upon the Leg of the same side ; for by this means , Boys shake Water out of their Ears when they have been swimming . But if those things do not succeed , you must endeavour to extract it by carefully putting an Ear Pitcher beyond it , or with a pair of Forceps fitted for the purpose . But if this does not succeed , you must endeavour to break them , and afterwards wash them out ; and to this purpose , a Probe with Cotton on the end of it , and dipp'd in Turpentine , or the like , is put into the Ear , to clear the Passage ; and if any of the clammy Matter remains behind , it may be cleared by an Ear-Picker . Some cut a Quill , and put one end into the Ear , and endeavour to suck out what is in it . Animals are allur'd out of the Ear , by putting such things to it , as are pleasing to them ; as a Spunge dipp'd in Milk and Sugar , or the Pulp of a sweet Apple , or Lard wherewith little Worms are much pleased , and soon come out of the Ear , if it be turned to the Sun. If a Leec● happen to get into the Ears , it may be enticed out , by putting Blood to the Ear ; Gnats may be drawn out , by putting Dogs Hairs into the Ears ; but if you cann't get them out , alive , 't is best to kill them , because then they will not disturb the Ear so much , and may be easier drawn out ; they may be kill'd by dropping Spittle or Urine into the Ear. But bitter things kill them soonest , as the Juice of Wormwood , a Decoction of Aloes , or any Gauls , sharp things do also the same , as Vinegar , the Juice of Onions , and the like . But because a cold Intemperies is the most frequent cause of Deafness , rhe Cure must be chiefly directed to the amendment of it ; wherefore an attenuating , drying , and moderately heating course of Diet being ordered , as is prescribed for the Gutta Serena ; and Southerly Winds being avoided as much as possible , and the Ears defended from them ; Vaporous Aliments must be avoided , especially Garlick and Onions , which are very injurious to the Hearing , and also those that generate gross and flegmatick Humours ; these things , I say being first observed , general Evacuation must be entered upon by Head Purges . Bleeding must be also used if there be an indication for it ; and if the Disease be obstinate , a Sudorifick Diet , afterwards particular Remedies that cause a Revulsion of the Humours , as Blisters , Issues , Sneesing Powders , Masticatories , Apophlegmatisms , but especially Masticatories . But Sulphureous and Bitumenous Baths are peculiarly proper for the Cure of this Disease , the Body being bathed , and the Head washed with them ; afterwards topical Remedies are to be applied , to discuss the Matter in the Ear. Take of the Leaves of wild Marjoram , Wormwood ; Penny-royal , wild Thym , Sage , Mint , the lesser Centaury , Mallows , Marsh-mallows each one handful , of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , Stechas , and Rosemary each one pugil , of Cinnamon and Cloves , each half an ounce ; boil them in equal parts of Fountain-water and White Wine added towards the end . Strain it , and foment the Ear with it hot with a Spunge Morning and Evening ; and the Vapour of the Decoction may be received into the Ear through a Tunel . It certainly does much good by passing into the innermost Parts of the Ear. Instead of the Fomentation , Bread made up with Carraway-seeds , cut and applied hot from the Oven , may be used ; or common Bread just taken out of the Oven , the under Crust being cut off dipp'd in Spirit of Wine , and applied as hot to the Ear as can be born , is also of good use : But the Bread will be more effectual , if with the common Flower , the Seeds of Carraways , Juniperberries , Bayberries , and Nutmegs are mixed with it . If you 'll have a stronger Decoction , you may add of the Pulp of Coloquintida , or of the Roots of white Hellebore each one dram : After fomentation , some Liquor must be instilled into the Ear , and afterwards you may stop it with Cotton perfum'd with Musk. Take of Oil of bitter Almonds , and of Rue each one ounce , mingle them , and pour it hot into the Ear. Or , Take of Oil of Castor , and white Lillies , each one ounce , of Oil of Dill half an ounce , of white Hellebore half a dram , of Aqua Vitae one ounce : boil them in a Bath , till all the Aqua Vitae is evaporated . Strain it for the use above-mentioned . Chymical Oils are are very effectual , as of Marjoram , Rosemary , Sage , Fennel . Spike , Cloves ; but because they are very strong , they must not be used alone ; but they are to be mixed in a small quantity with the foregoing Oils , half a dram of them , may be sufficient to be mixed with two ounces of the foresaid Oils . The Water that drops out of an Ash-stick when it is burning , is much commended for Deafness , when it proceeds from a hot Cause . The Fat of an Eel is much in use ; it is gathered from the Water wherein a Fat Eel is boil'd , being Scum'd off with a Bay-leas , and dropp'd hot into the Ear. In applying topical Remedies , this must be always observed , viz. that they are applied warm or hot , and what hath been used before must be taken out of the Ear , before other things are dropp'd in ; and when any thing has been dropp'd in , the Ear must be stopp'd with Cotton perfum'd with Musk , which of it self is very good for Deafness . CHAP. XXXIII . Of Noise in the Ears . THE Sense of Hearing is obstructed by a Noise in the Ears ; for as the Eye ought to be void of Colour , that it may rightly perceive all the Colours of Objects : For if it be preternaturally affected with any Colour , as in the Jaundice , the Sight must be necessarily depraved , so the Ear should have no sound in it , that it be able to receive all Sounds that come from abroad , for if any Sound is preternaturally in the Ear , it hinders Hearing . This Noise in the Ear proceeds from a preternatural Commotion of the inbred Air ; for though this inbred Air moves naturally , yet no noise is heard from its Motion , unless we stop the Ear with the hand , or with some such thing . The Causes of this extraordinary Motion are Vapours , Wind , or Spirits , transmitted to the Ear from other Parts , or bred in it ; if it be brought from other Parts , it proceeds either from the whole Body , or some peculiar Part. It flows from the whole Body in Fevers , and this Sound in the Ear comes from a windy Spirit conveyed through the Arteries from the whole Body to the Ears : But it most frequently happens at the beginning of Fits , and just before a Crisis by a Bleeding at the Nose . Wind is also elevated to the Ears , from some peculiar Part , viz. from the Stomach , Liver , Spleen , Mesentery , Womb , and from some other Parts ; upon which account , inviolent Vomiting , Hypochondriack Melancholy , and Mother-Fits , there is frequently a Noise in the Ears . It is also occasioned by windy Spirits flowing from the Head , that arise from Cold and Flegmatick Humours . Wind is also generated in the Ear by Flegmatick Matter contain'd there . Upon which account , difficulty of Hearing is commonly accompanied with a Noise in the Ear , for the Obstruction is occasioned by Humours , Other Causes occasioning this Noise in the Ears , are Ulcers , a hot Intemperies , Weakness , exquisite Sense , a violent shaking in the Head , and violent Sounds . The Cure of this Disease is to be varied , according to the variety of the Causes ; and first the Cure of the Noise proceeding from a consent of other Parts , depends on the Cure of the Diseases of those Parts : But that which arises immediately from the Ear requires a peculiar Cure ; and if it be generated by a cold Intemperies , and from gross Wind , it requires the same Cure which is described in the Chapter above . If it proceed from an Ulcer in the Ears , it requires the same Cure , which is proposed for Curing the Ulcer in the following Chapter . If it proceed from Weakness , after long Sickness , it will decrease gradually as the Strength increases . But you must drop into the Ear Oil of Camomil , of Dill , or Oil of sweet Almonds . And lastly , if it takes its rise from a hot Intemperies , or an exquisite Sense , a cooling and moistning Diet must be ordered , and cooling things must be dropp'd into the Ear , and first a Decoction of Barly , Violets , Lettice , Water Lilies , to which may be added , to make it more penetrating a little Balm or Camomil ; and if these do no good , the Juice of Lettice , Purslane , and Henbane may be used . Galen proposes the Juice of Poppies , and Opium it self ; but these are to be used sparingly , least by weakning the Native Heat of the Part , they should too much dull the Hearing . CHAP. XXXIV . Of Pain of the Ears . PAIN of the Ears is a very violent Disease . The chief Causes of it are Intemperies immaterial and humoral , Wounds , Ulcers , and external Things falling or thrust into the Cavity of the Ear. A cold Intemperies often occasions a Pain in the Ears ; it is occasioned by cold Winds , cold Water , and other cold thlngs ; for cold things are injurious to those Membranous and nervous Parts . But a cold Matter occasioning Pains in the Ears , is either Flegmatick , or Serous flowing from the Brain , or Wind transmitted from the Brain , or lower Parts . Hot Matter occasioning those Pains is either Cholerick , or Sanguinious , whereby an Inflammation is raised . If an immaterial Intemperies be the Cause , there is no weight peceived in the Ear , nor no Tumour . A cold Intemperies is known by cold Causes going before , as travelling in the Winter time , the increase of Pain by external Cold , and its being eased by the Application of hot things . A hot Intemperies may be known , by the external things that heat , as a hot Air , the heat of the Sun , pain arising from the use of hot things . If the pain arise from a Flegmatick Humour , there is a weight perceived in the Ear and in the Head , and a Flegmatick Fluxion has sometimes fallen upon some other Parts . Besides , cold Causes went before , as cold and a Northerly Wind , cold Aliments , Winter time , old Age and the like . If the Pain arise from Wind , it will be violent , but not continual , and a noise of the Ear will be joined with it . That it comes from a Serous Humour , may be known by other Diseases produced by it , and afflicting the Sick at the same time , as sharp and thin Fluxions on the Teeth , the Eyes , the Ears , the Breast , and other Parts , and by an Evacuation of serous Humour by Vomit , Stool , Urine and Sweat. If it arises from a Cholerick Humour , it will be pricking and sharp , with a sense of heat ; it will be eased by cooling Medicines , and the Constitution is hot and cholerick , the Sick young , the Course of Diet hot , it is Summer , and some other heating Causes went before . An Inflammation is known by the Violence of the Pain , Pulsation , by great heat and redness , that extend themselves sometimes to the Cheeks and Temples ; a violent continual Fever accompanies it , sometimes a Delirium , Convulsion , Fainting , and Coldness of the extream Parts . A Wound may be known by Blood pouring from the Ear , an Ulcer by Matter flowing out : But because a Flux of Matter sometimes flows from the Brain through the Ears , there is need of distinction ; for if it proceed from the Brain , the Pain of the Head , and other Signs of an Imposthume went before , the Matter is evacuated in great quantity , and is lessen'd by degrees , till at length it quite ceases . But it may proceed indeed in a great quantity from an Abscess of the Ear ; but then the Signs of an Inflammation went before , afterwards an Ulcer follows , which afterwards may be known by the following Signs , whether it takes its rise from an Abscess , or from a Flux of some sharp Humour , A small quantity of Matter flows continually , pain and heat , and pricking in the Ear , especially when the Ear-Picker is put in . Moreover , we may guess at the differences of the Ulcer ; for if the Ulcer actually exists , it may be known by the thin Sanies , that is of a Citron Colour : And by the length of the Disease , you may know if it be deep by the quantity of Matter ; if it be sordid , by the thickness and quantity of it ; if it be virulent , by the thin Sanies ; if putrid , by the stinking Matter ; if corrosive , by Blood flowing out after the Sanies ; if it be Fistulous , by the duration of the Ulcer , the virulent Sanies , and by the hard and callous Flesh . Things fallen into the Ear , or thrust into it , may be known by the relation of the Sick , and may be perceived in the Cavity of it . The Prognostick of the Pain of the Ear is various , according to the variety of the Causes ; that which proceeds only from an Intemperies , is easily cured . That which proceeds from cold , flegmatick , serous , or windy Matter , is not dangerous , but is most commonly long in curing : But that which proceeds from hot Humours , and especially if they cause an Inflammation , is very dangerous for the Brain , by reason of its nearness , suffers by consent , and a Delirium and a Convulsion often follow ; and young Men are in most danger of this Disease ; for they being of a hot Constitution , and their Blood being hot , the Inflammation is so great , that it destroys the Native Heat of the Brain , and kills the Sick within a Week ; but old Mens Humours are colder , and the Inflammation less , and so they are less in danger . Ulcers in the Ears are difficultly cured , because the Brain puts off its Excrements upon them , but those that follow an Abscess are easier cur'd , and also those that yield good Matter : But when the Sanies is virulent , fetid , or otherwise ill qualified , the Cure will be very difficult , and especially if the Ulcer be Fistulous , or the Bone foul . The Cure must be varied according to the variety of the Causes , if it proceed from a cold Intemperies alone , bo●● Medicines applied to the Ear may be sufficient for the Cure , such as were proposed for the Cure of Deafness A hot Intemperies , if at any time it happen without Matter , may be cur'd by cooling Topicks . If it proceed from a cold Intemperies joined with Matter viz. Flegm , or Wind , or serous Matter , the same Cure is to be administred , which was proposed for the Cure of Deafness ▪ If it arise from a hot Intemperies with a Fluxion o● Cholerick Humours ; first the Humout flowing to th● Part must be drawn away by Bleeding , whereby also th● hot Intemperies of the whole Body , may be moderated ▪ afterwards the peccant Humour must be evacuated by proper Purgers ; and afterwards cooling Juleps and Broth● ▪ Goats Milk , Mineral Waters , Baths of warm Water , and the like , must be used ; and lastly , all those things are to be used , which are proposed for the Cure of a Head-ach , proceeding from a hot Intemperies : But the Pain must be asswaged by cooling and anodyn Topicks . For the Cure of an Inflammation of the Ear , an emollient , cooling , and loosning Clister must be injected , and so much Blood must be taken away , as may answer to the fulness of it , and to make a sufficient Revulsion of the Humour flowing to the affected Ear , the Cephalick Vein opposite to it must be opened , and a great quantity of Blood must be taken away at several times ; and if the Disease seem to arise from a Suppression of the Courses , or of the Hemorrhoids , the inferior Veins must be opened , a good quantity of Blood being first taken from the Arm. And if those Causes are absent , the opening of the inferior Veins will make an excellent Revulsion to the most distant Parts , to which end Leeches applied to the Anus are also proper . Revulsions may be also commodiously made by Frictions , and Ligatures of the Arms and Legs , and by Cupping-glasses applied to the Shoulders and Back . And sometimes Cupping-glasses applied behind the Ears for to make Derivation , do much good . Zacutus Lusitanus also commends Leeches applied behind the Ears , four of a side , which he says , gave much relief to a certain young Man , who was afflicted with a violent Inflammation of the Ear : The opening of the Artery of the Temples has also sometimes admirable Success . Purging is also very proper in this Disease , with Cholagoges ; afterwards the whole Mass of the Humours is to be attemperated with cooling Juleps made of a Decoction of Lettice , Purslain , Plantane , Sorrel , and the like , also of the Syrups of Lemons , Pomegranates , and of red Poppies . In the mean time , whilst the foresaid Remedies are used , Topicks are to be continually applied , which must be always anodyn , by reason of the Violence of the Pain , the Mitigation whereof is principally to be taken care of ; but at the beginning and increase , gentle Repellents are to be mixed with the anodyns ; at the State and Declination , Resolvents are to be mixed with them . Take of Womans Milk , fresh drawn , two ounces ; of the white of an Egg beat to a Liquor half an ounce ; mix them , and drop it warm into the Ear. Or the Milk alone milk'd into the Ear. Take of the leaves of Plantane , and Night-shade , each one handful ; of the flowers of Camomil and Melilot , each one Pugil ; make a Decoction ; let the Vapour be received into the Ear by a Tunnel . Take of Oyls of Violets , Water-Lillies and Roses , each one Ounce , mingle them , drop it warm into the Ear. Millepedes infused in the foresaid Oyles , and press'd out , make an excellent Anodyn ; for they have an excellent Faculty to ease Pain , and for that reason they are used for Pains of the Teeth , the Piles , and other Pains . If the Heat is very violent , cooling Juices are to be mixed with the foresaid Oyls in the following manner . Take of Oyl of Water-Lillies , and Oyl of Roses , each one ounce , of the Juice of Night-shade and Plantane , each half an ounce , mingle them , and drop it into the Ear. Oxyrrhodinum is used by many Practitioners , made of Oyl of Roses two parts , and one part of Vinegar ; but it may be suspected as may be also all other things which repel powerfully , for there is danger , least the Humour should flow back upon the Brain ; and it is a general Precept always to be observed , not to apply strong Repellents in Inflammations that are near noble parts ; but gentle Repellents may be mixed with Loosening and Anodyn things ; for so the Fluxion may be moderately suppressed , and not driven far back . But in violent Pains we are forced to use Narcoticks , but they must be used rarely , and with great caution , for they are offensive to the Head. I know a Person , says Galen , who lost his Speech and Sense by the use of Opium , nor could he be restored by any Medicines : But if there be absolute Necessity , they may be prescribed in the following manner . Take of the Oyl of the Seeds of Poppies one ounce and an half , of Camphor and Opium each two grains , mingle them , and drop them into the Ear. Or , Take of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds two ounces , of the Juice of Mallows half an ounce , of Myrrh half a dram , of Saffron half a scruple , of Opium three or four grains , mingle them , use it as above . In the Application of Topicks the Precept of Galen must be carefully observed , viz. That the inflamed Ear be not touched , but Medicines must be dropt into the Ear by a Probe wrapt round with the softest Wool dipt in the Medicines , and the Sick must be ask'd whether it be warm , and whether he can bear it any hotter , and you must drop it in as hot as he can bear it ; the Probe must be dipt in the Medicine and applied gently to the passage of the Ear , that it may flow into it ; you must continue doing of it till the passage is full , and then apply over it to the mouth of the passage and over all the Ear , Wool dipt in the Medicine . At the state of the Disease , Oyls gently resolving are to be mixed with Anodyns in the following manner . Take of the Oyls of Camomil , Sweet-Almonds , and Violets , each one ounce , Oyl of Lillies half an ounce , mix them . But Fomentations and Fumes resolve more powerfully , which may be prepared of the following Decoction . Take of roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce ; of the leaves of Mallows , Nightshade and St. Johns Wort , each an handful , of the Seeds of Flax half an ounce , of the Seeds of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , white Poppies , each two drams ; of the flowers of Camomil , Dill and Roses , each one Pugil , make a Decoction in Water or Milk for a Fomentation or Fume . The Water drawn from Ash-sticks , being dropt into the Ear eases the pain wonderfully ; it is drawn by burning green sticks in the Fire , it drops from the ends of them . If the Tumor cannot be resolved , but tends to Suppuration , which may be known by the increase of the pain a great Pulsation , and a violent Feaver , Nature must be furthered in her Motion , and the following Cataplasm must be applied . Take of Crums of white Bread one pound , boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Poultis ; then add the yolks of Eggs number two , of Oyl of Roses two ounces , of Saffron one scruple , make a Cataplasm . Or , Take one Onyon , fresh Butter two Ounces , Oyl of Camomil and Roses , each one ounce , of Saffron one scruple ; make a Cataplasm , which must be applied moderately hot to the part . When the Abscess is broken , and the Matter comes out through the Membrane of the Ear , either rarified or corroded ; then the Sick should lye on the Ear affected , that the Matter may flow out easily , and such things should be dropt into the Ear , as may wash and cleanse it . Take of the Decoction of Barly four ounces , of Honey of Roses one ounce , mingle them , drop it warm into the Ear. If the Ulcer be generated by Acrimony of Matter , it requires a peculiar Cure , which may also be used for an Ulcer arising from Fluxion of Humours . And first , according to the Opinion of Galen , Topical Medicines must not be applied to any Member , before the whole Body is purged ; wherefore Evacuation by Bleeding and Purging being administred , agreeable to the Nature and Constitution of the Patient , and repeated through the whole course of the Cure as often as there is occasion , drying and astringent Topicks may be used , beginning with the Mild , and proceeding to Stronger by degrees . For instance , Take of the best Honey , and of old White-wine , each three ounces , boil them till all the Scum rises , drop it into the Ear ; afterwards stop the Ear with Cotton dipt in the same Liquor ; when you would have the Medicine stronger , mix the Juice of Horehound , Smallage , Wormwood , the lesser Centaury , or of Sow-bread with Honey ; boil them gently , and drop them into the Ear. Or , Take of the Juice of Beets one ounce , of Horehonnd half 〈◊〉 ounce , of the best Honey six drams ; boil them a little ; afterwards add two drams of Syrup of Wormwood , mingle them . You may make a stronger Medicine in the following manner ▪ Take of the Juice of Sow-bread one ounce , of Myrrh on● ounce , of Saffron half a scruple , of Frankincense one scruple , of Verdigrease half a scruple , of old Wine one ounce an● an half , boil them till the Wine is consumed , drop th● Liquor into the Ear twice or thrice a day . Note , Before any Liquor is dropt in , the Ear must be well cleansed with warm Hydromel , a Probe wrap● round with a Cotton , being dipt in the Liquor , and used for that purpose . The Ulcer being well cleansed it must be cicatrized by Epulotick Medicines used in the following manner . Take of round Birthwort , of the bark of Pomegranates , and of Galls , each half an ounce , boil them in equal parts of Wine and Smith's-water to half a pint ; strain it , and add to it of the Juice of Plantane and Knot-grass , each one ounce , of Honey of Roses two drams ; mingle them , and drop it into the Ear ; or drop into the Ear burnt Allum mixed with the Wine , for it is very drying . If the Ulcer be very obstinate , and has continued a long while , it is certainly promoted by Fluxion , which therefore you must endeavour to remove , by Purging and a Diet-drink of Gujacum or Sarsaparilla , by Errhins , Masticatories , Issues , and by other Remedies that divert the Fluxion . If Pain arise by reason of the Sharpness of the Remedies , Oyl of Sweet or Bitter Almonds , with Myrrh , Aloes and Saffron , must be dropt into the Ear : If the Pain be violent , a little Opium must be mixed with them , or the Oyl of the Yolks of Eggs beat in a leaden Mortar may be used . If the Ulcer be very Sordid , Aegyptiacum must be mixed with the foresaid Juices . If the Pain of the Ear be occasioned by something thrust into the Ear , you must endeavour to draw it out , by wrapping Wool upon a Probe dipt in Turpentine , or made glutinous by Rosin , or some other Gum : But if this will not do , warm Oyl must be often dropt into the Ear , to relax it , and to Lubricate the Matter contained in it , and so it may the easier be drawn out , and Sneesing-powder must be given , and these things must be used continually till the Sick is freed ; for if any thing remain long in the Ear , an Inflammation will arise , and afterwards it will be much more difficult to extract any thing from the Ear ; and there will be besides great danger . Lastly , If the foresaid Remedies are not sufficient , Chirurgical Instruments must be used . See the manner of Extraction in Fabritius Hildanus , Cen. I. Observ . 4 , 5 , 6. Gnats sometimes insinuate themselves into the Ears , and moving in the Cavity of it , they cause much Trouble , but they may be extracted by a Probe wrapped round with Cotten , and dipt in Turpentine . Sometimes water runs into the Ear in swimming , or when the Head is wash'd , and is often very troublesom and causes Pain , but is most commonly easily shook our , by hopping upon the Leg of the same side , and by holding the Ear downwards : But if this will not do , you must endeavour to suck it out with a Pipe wrapt round with Wool to stop the hole of the Ear , that the external Air should not enter in . It is also dried by a small soft piece of Spunge often put in . CHAP. XXXV . Of things that come out Preternaturally from the Cavities of the Ears . MAny Things come out preternaturally from the Ears , which must be particularly mentioned , and peculiar Remedies must be prescribed for them . First therefore , an Abscess being broken arising from an Inflammation , or from an Ulcer , proceeding from the Acrimony of Humours , Matter or Sanies , is wont to flow ; the Cure of which depends on the Cure of the forementioned Diseases , which are proposed in the foregoing Chapter . Blood also sometimes flows from the Ears , as in Wounds and Concussions of the Head , whereby the Veins of the Ears may be broken or torn : But if this Flux be moderate , it must be left to it self , for if it should be retained within it might cause an Inflammation ; but if it be immoderate , or continue a long while , it must be restrained by bleeding in the Arm , and by applying Cupping-glasses with Scarification to the Shoulders ; afterwards cooling and astringent things must be dropt into the Ears , as the Juice of Plantane , Knot-grass , or the Decoction of Bramble-tops , red Roses , Mastich , Acacia , Hyposistis , Balaustins , Sumach , and the like , in Wine and Vinegar , or Smiths Water . A watry Humour sometimes flows from the Brain to the Ears , this most commonly happens to Children , and ought not to be stop'd , for being suddenly stop'd , it occasions the Falling-sickness , or some other great Disease of the Head. For Nature puts off Excrements , and the too great Moisture that abounds in Childrens Heads , not only by the ordinary ways appointed for this use , viz. The Nostrils and Pallate , but also through the Eyes , the Ears , and the Superficies of the Head , where Ulcers and Scabs often happen : But when such an Evacuation is Symptomatick , and when the Humour flowing to the Ears causes Ulcers in them , and hinders the Hearing , you must endeavour to cure it by a convenient Method . And First , the Superfluous Humours in the Brain must be evacuated by gentle Purges often repeated , and also by Derivation , by Blisters in the Neck , and an Issue there ; afterwards the Ears must be cleansed and dried by the following Medicine . Take of the Juice of Agrimony , and Worm-wood , each four Ounces , of Whitewine , and Honey of Roses , each one Ounce , boil them a little , and drop them into the Ear the Filth being cleansed away , afterwards the Ears must be stopped with Cotton dipt in the same Liquor . But if a watry Humour flows from the Ears of grown People and continues so a long while ; the whole Body and the Brain must be evacuated , afterwards , the superfluous Moisture must be dried up by Sudorifick Diet-drinks , and the Course of it must be endeavoured to be turned by Blisters , Issues , and Cupping-glasses . Lastly , Worms are sometimes generated in the Ears , from putrid Ulcers , which being cured they cease to come out . But Because the healing of the Ulcer requires Time you may endeavour to kill the Worms in the mean while by convenient Remedies . For Instance , Take of the Oyl of bitter Almonds , of the Juice of Smallage , and the lesser Centaury , each two Ounces , of Vinegar two Drams ; boil them a little , then add of Mirrh , and Aloes , each one Scruple ; mingle them , and drop it into the Ear. If you would have it stronger add ten Grains of Coloquintida . Of Diseases of the NOSE . CHAP. XXXVI . Of Vlcers of the Nostrils , and of an Ozaena . AN Ulcer of the Nostrils is either fresh and simple , or old and putrid , which is called an Ozaena . The fresh and simple proceeds either from extetnal Causes ; as a Wound or Contusion , or from internal , viz. From Acrimony of Humours flowing thither , espeally from Salt Flegm . But an Ozaena comes from a simple Ulcer neglected , or by reason of greater Acrimony of Humours . A simple Ulcer hath little or no Pain ; and Blood flows frequently from it , especially when it is touched or rubd , or it is covered with a dry and black Scab , which is sometimes blown out ; but an Ozaena is accompanied with a greater Pain , the Scab is more filthy , and the Snot stinks , and it often eats the Back Bones , and perforates the Pallat , especially if it be of a cancerous Nature , or from the French Pox , or an Elephantiasis . As to the Cure , such a Course of Diet must be ordered as may attemperate the Acrimony of the Humours , and hinder its Generation ; afterwards the whole Body must be evacuated by Bleeding and proper Purges ; and Cuping-glasses must be applyed with Scarification . And if the Fluxion of sharp Humours to the Nostrils be very obstinate , Derivation must be made by Blisters in the Neck , and Issues there , and things that strengthen the Head must be used . After universal Remedies , Topicks must be applyed , and first you must see whither the Ulcers are crusty , if they are , the Scabs must be taken off before you go any farther ; and first you must foment them with warm Water , or anoint them with fresh Butter , with fresh Goose or Hens Grease , or with rhe Oyl of sweet Almonds , or the like . When you have mollified them , they must not be forcibly pulled off , but you must suffer them to fall themselves , or gently remove them with your Finger , anointed with Oyl of Almonds . When the Scabs are cleared , you must use drying and astringent Medicines ; in a simple Ulcer it may be sufficient to wash it with Barly-water sweetned with Honey of Roses , and to anoint it , with Oyntment of Tutty , or with the white Oyntment of Rhasis , or with the Oyl of the Yolks of Eggs rub'd in a leaden Mortar . But for an Ozaena you must prepare the following Medicines . Take of whole Barley one Pugil , of the Leaves of Agrimony , Plantane , Wormwood , and the lesser Centaury , one Handful ; of red Roses half a Pugil ; boil them in Smiths Water , in the Liquor strained dissolve four Ounces of Honey of Roses , make an Errhine , which must be often snuffed up . After it hath been cleansed , the following Decoction must be used . Take of Balaustins , and Pomegranate-peel , each two Ounces , of the Leaves of Plantane , Horse-tail , Mouse-ear , Rupture-wort , each one Handful , of the Roots of Bistort one Ounce , of Crude-alum , one Ounce and an half ; make a Decoction . The Water of Allum is also very good , and also those Medicines which are to be proposed to dry a Polypus in the following Chapter . Egyptiacum also dissolved in Barly-water is good . Afterwards use the following Oyntment . Take of Omphacine Oyl half an Ounce , of Pomegranate-Bark and Balaustines , each three Drams ; of Mirrh , Allum , and Labdanum , each two Drams ; of Chalcitis , Aloes , and the Bark of Frankincense , each one Dram ; of the Oyl of Roses , and Mirtles , each two Ounces , of red Wax , a sufficient Quantity to make an Oyntment ; apply it to the Vlcer , or dissolve it in Wine , or Plantane-water , snuff it up often , the Mouth being filled with Water . When the Ulcer is well cleansed , you must dry it with the Powder of red Roses snuft up . Rondeletius says , that nothing is so effectual to dry the Ulcers as Fumes of Orpiment and Cinnabar : As for Instance , Take of Pure Labdanum , of Hypocistis , Mastich , and Mirrh , each three Drams ; red Storax , and Storax calamit , of the Bark of Frankincense , Sandarach , and Orpiment , each two Drams ; mix them all with Turpentine , and make Troches , wherewith let the Sick be fumed , Morning and Evening in his Chamber . It is also of great Use to burn Candles made of red Wax in the Patient's Chamber , which ought to be small , and the Windows and Doors must be kept close shut . And this Way , says Rondeletius , I have cured Ulcers which the Italian and French Physicians left off as incurable . CHAP. XXXVII . Of a Sarcoma and Polypus . UPon Ulcers of the Nose comes sometimes fleshy Excrescences which constitute another Kind of Disease , viz. A preternatural Tumour , whereof there are two Sorts , one a Sarcoma , and the other a Polypus . A Sarcoma is a fleshy Excrescence in the Nose , which has no certain Shape , and is much like proud Flesh in other Ulcers ▪ But a Polypus is a fleshy Excrescence arising with small Roots , and afterwards spreads broad and hangs down in the Nose , and resembles the Fish Polypus , from whence it takes its Name . It is a soft Caruncle , sometimes white sometimes red , and sometimes livid ; and if it grow much , it sometimes hangs out of the Nostrils : But if it be rooted high in the Nose , it sometimes hangs down to the Pallat , and obstructs the common Passage of the Mouth , and it may be plainly seen behind the Uva : It swells much in a southerly Constitution , and at full Moon , and is much diminished at the new Moon : It may be distinguished from a Sarcoma , because a Sarcoma , is wont to grow at the Bottom of the Nostrils , but a Polypus near the Root of the Nose . The Cause of both Tumours is a thick viscid and flegmatick Humour flowing from the Brain mixed with some Blood , and sometimes a melancholly Humour is mixed with it , and then there is Danger lest it degenerate into a Cancer . A Sarcoma is also generated often from a superfluous Nutriment of the Nostrils . A Sarcoma is most commonly easily cured , but a Polypus very difficultly : But that which is soft , and white or red , or redish , is cured most easily ; but when it is hard and livid it is very hardly cured ; and there is Danger least it should turn to a Cancer . That which is seated below or in the Middle of the Nostrils , is easier cured than that which grows at the Root of the Nose , because Medicines can scarce reach thither . Both of them are to be cured the same Way , viz. The superfluous Flesh must be taken off : But first the antecedent Cause must be removed , which is a Flegmatick Humour falling from the Head. To this End an attenuating Course of Diet must be ordered , and universal Evacuations , Revulsion and Derivation . Afterwards the superfluous Flesh must be taken off , either by a caustick or by an Instrument , and the Ulcer remaining must be cicatrized : But at the Beginning , when the Disease is fresh , it is sometimes cured by astringent and very drying Medicines , and such gentle Means are always to be used before you proceed to greater . Take of unripe Grapes three Pounds , of the Bark of Pomegranate , of Balaustins , and Sumach , each two Pounds ; infuse them in Vinegar , and distil them ; then add of Allum a Pound , of Vitriol three Ounces ; distil them all again , and touch the inward parts of the Nostrils frequently with the Water . If this is not sufficient more powerful things must be used , and you must add Sandarach , and Orpiment to the foregoing Water ; or the Polypus must be frequently touched with Spirit of Vitriol tempered with Plantane Water : But red Precipitat often washed is reckoned the best Medicine . It may be mixt with Honey of Roses , and applyed with a Tent dipt in it . Plaisters are also used in this Case . Take of Verdigrease , Orpiment , Vitriol , Crude-alum , each one Ounce and an half , of Antimony six Drams ; infuse them in Vinegar , and then powder them very fine ; when they are dry , infuse them and powder them eight Times more ; then lastly infuse them in Plantane Water , and dry them ; afterwards take of Oyl of Roses four Ounces , of Thithargo two ounces , mix them and boyl them ; and towards the End , two Ounces of the foresaid Powder , boyl it to a sticking Plaister , and make Tents of it to be put up the Nostrils . Note , That before the Use of Causticks , the Nostrils must be defended by Galen's cooling Oyntment , or with Populeum , or with the White of an Egg mixt with the Oyl of Roses , or the like . Secondly , you must take Notice , that caustick Medicines must be conveyed through a Silver Pipe , which must incompass the Polypus so that the Medicine may work and not touch the Nostrils . Thirdly , you must take Notice , that such Medicines must be used when the Moon is waneing , for then the Tumour is much diminished , and so the Medicine may the easier reach the Root of it . Lastly , if it cannot be cured by Medicines , you must proceed to Chirurgical Operation , which is described by Cornelius Celsus and by late Authors . CHAP. XXXVIII . Of the Loss of Smelling , and other Faults of it . SMelling , as all the other Actions of the Body is hurt three Ways , it is either diminished , abolished , or depraved . The Cause of Smelling diminished and abolished are the same , they only differ in Degree ; they are Intemperies , Obstruction and Compression . A cold and moist intemperies , joyned with Flegmatick Matter , lessens Smelling , or quite abolishes it ; upon which Account in a Catarrh and Coryza , the Sense of Smelling is frequently lessened , or wholly destroyed . Obstruction is occasioned by a Flegmatick Humour , which stops the Passages of the Nostrils , and the Pores of the Mamillary Processes , so that Smells cannot come to them ; it may also be occasioned by a Sarcoma , Polypus , or any thing else that stops the Passages of the Nostrils . A Compression also sometimes may happen from a Flegmatick Humour collected in the fore part of the Brain , compressing the Mamillary Processes , as happens in Diminution of the Sight by compressing of the Optick Nerves . It also may happen from a natural Defect in the Confirmation of the Nostrils , as when the Nostrils are so narrow and low that there is not a free Passage . The Cause of depraved smelling , is a bad Savour continually striking upon the Nostrils , which either proceeds from an Ulcer of the Nostrils , or from putrid Flegm gathered together about the Nostrils or the Os Ethmoides : For that Flegm that putrifies in the Sense of Smelling , or near it , betwixt the Coats of the Brain , does not affect the Sense it self , nor those that labour under it ; but any one that sits near them will easily find it out , for nothing can be smelt but what is carried to the Sense from some other Place . A nasty and stinking Vapour may be carried to the Processus , Mamillares from other Parts , as from the Stomach , Gums , and the Brain it self , that spoil the Sense of Smelling , so that all Savours are thought to be such ; even as the Tongue being disordered by bitter Choler , tasts all things bitter . Any of these Causes are easily known , a cold Intemperies and Abundance of Flegm are known by a cold and moist Intemperies of the Brain , and a slimy Flegm dropping from the Head. An Obstruction , if it be occasioned by Flegm , is known by the same Signs . If it proceeds from a Sarcoma , or a Polypus , the Diagnostick is to be taken from their proper Chapters . The Place wherein the Matter causing the Obstruction resides , is known from this , If it sticks in the Passages of the Nostrils , there is a Defect of the Speech , because the Nostrils do greatly contribute to the forming of Words . But if the Matter stick in the fore part of the Brain , or the Mamillary Passages , the Speech will be perfect . You may know by the peculiar Diseases of each Part , from whence the ill Scent arises that offends the Organ of Smelling . As to the Prognostick Smelling , if it be lately lost , or if it arises from a simple Coriza , may be easily cured . The cure must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes , if it arise from a cold Intemperies , those things are proper which are used for a cold Catarrh : But to open an Obstruction occasioned by Flegm thrust into the Passages of the Nostrils , or into the Mamillary Processes , such Remedies are to be used as purge those Parts , viz. Errhins , Sneazing-Powders , and Apoplegmatisms . Lastly , If the Nostrils are obstructed by a Sarcoma , or Polypus , it must be cured by the removing of them . CHAP. XXXIX . Of an ill Scent in the Nostrils . AN ill Scent in the Nostrils and a stinking Breath , are very different , for that comes wholly from the Nostrils , but this from various Parts , viz. From the Stomach , Lungs , Gums , or from Ulcers in the Jaws , which are either apparent to Sense , or may be known by their proper Signs , But an ill Scent in the Nose , is occasioned by putrid Vapours , arising either from the Nostrils , as in an Ozena , a Sarcoma , or Polypus , or from Air transmitted to the Nostrils from putrid Humours contained in the Brain , and in rhe fore Part of it , or about the Mamillary Processes , or Os Cribrasum : But Flegmatick Humours putrifie in the said Parts when they are retained in them beyond Measure , especially if there be also a hot and moist Intemperies of the Brain , they are retained by reason of an Obstruction of those Parts , or too great an Oppression of them , as in those that are flat-nosed . The Disease of the Nose occasioning such a Stink , may be known by its proper Signs . But if there be no such Disease in the Nostrils , we may conjecture that it arises from a putrid Humour contained in the Brain , or Mamillary Processes , or in the Os cribrosum . The Prognostick of an ill Scent in the Nostrils , which is occasioned by an Ulcer , Polypus or Sarcoma , depends on the Prognostick of them ; But that ill Scent which proceeds from Corrupt Humours contained in the fore part of the Head , if it be lately come may be easily cured , if it be inveterate , it is incureable , especially if it come from an ill Confirmation of the Nostrils , as in such as are flat-Nosed . The Cure is performed by taking away the Causes , and by moderating the Symptoms . The Cure of an Ulcer , Sarcoma and Polypus , are mentioned above , but a putrid Humour contained in the Brain . Mamillary Processes , or in the Os Ethmoides , must be carried off by Purging and Cleansing . And first , universal Evacuations are to be ordered which free the whole Body and the Brain from Flegmatick Excrements ; and if there be abundance of Humours , a Sudorifick Diet-drink must be also ordered ; afterwards cleansing Errhins must be prescribed to remove the conjunct Matter . And first , Whitewine , wherein Centaury has been infused , must be put into the Hand , and snuft up Morning and Evening , or the Juice of Beet drawn with Marjora● Water may be used , but the following is more Powerful , Take of the Roots of Florentine-orris half a Dram , o● white Hellebore , and long Pepper , each half a Scruple of the Seeds of Anise , and of dried Marjoram powdered each one Scruple ; of the Oyls of Nard , Wall-flower , and Violets , each as much as is sufficient : Make a soft Oyntment wherewith anoint the Top of the little Finger and anoint the Nostrils within , or a Tent besmeared with the Oyntment , may be applied . Lastly , To palliate the ill Stink , sweet-smelling things may be often drawn up the Nostrils , as an Infusion of Nutmegs in fragrant Wine , Angelica Water , and the like . CHAP. XL. Of a Coryza . COryza is a sort of Catarrh , wherein the Fluxion falls on the Nostrils , it 's easily known by the abundance of Moisture that is evacuated by the Nostrils , 't is commonly call'd a Cold , or Stoppage in the Head. It requires the same Method of Cure as is used for a Catarrh , but in this Case you must not use Errhins , least they should draw Humours to the Part affected . Masticatories and Apoplegmatisms may be prescribed after general Evacuation , and some-things are reckned peculiarly proper for this Disease , as the Vapour of a Decoction of Marjoram received into the Nostrils , or of Vinegar wherein red Roses have been infused , the Venegar being poured upon red hot Iron , if it be occasion'd by a very cold Fluxion , the Fumes of Frankincense cast upon live Coals corrects the cold Intemperies of the Brain , and dries up the Superfluous Moisture . CHAP. XLI . Of Sneezing . THo Sneezing often happens in Health , and is generally so small a thing that it scarce deserves the Name of a Symptom , yet sometimes 't is so very troublesome that it requires Medicines and the Physicians help , and the ancient Custom of saying God bless you upon sneezing , shews that some time or other it has proved dangerous ; some say 't was an Epidemical Disease in the Time of Gregory the Great , and that the Sick died sneezing . As to the Prognostick 't is of it self without Danger , but 't is very injurious at the Beginning of a Catarrh or Coryza ; and in Feavers when it is frequent it sometimes occasions bleeding at the Nose , but most commonly it does good by expelling Superfluities from the Brain . When Sneezing is injurious , as in a Plurisie , Peripneumonia , and the like , or when it becomes a Disease , the Cure must be undertaken by Revulsions and Evacuations ; and if by Reason of a hot Intemperies of the Brain , or of any other Part , sharp Vapours are transmitted to the Nostrils , Bleeding must be used and proper Purges ; and to qualifie the Acrimony , and to asswage the Irritation of the Nostrils , it will be proper to snuff up warm Milk into the Nose , or to anoint the Nostrils wlth Oyl of Violets , or of sweet Almonds , or with fresh Butter . CHAP. XLII . Of Bleeding at the Nose , or Spitting of Blood. BLeeding at the Nose comes at any Time of the Year , and seises chiefly those that are of a weakly Constitution , and have hot Blood , and oftner when they are in Years , than when they are Young ; at first there are some Signs of a Feaver , which goes off by bleeding at the Nose , but a Pain and a Heat in the fore part of the Head remains ; the Blood flows for some Hours , then stops a while , and afterwards breaks out again , and so it does by turns , till at length it is quite stop'd , either by the use of Remedies , or of its own accord , by reason the Quantity is diminished ; but the Sick is in danger of a Relapse yearly , either upon drinking of Spirituous Liquors , or from being over-heated upon any other account . In order to the Cure , I endeavour to qualifie the Head and Ebullition of the Blood , upon which account the preternatural Extravasation arises . Wherefore I bleed often in the Arm , and take away a large Quantity of Blood ; I order a cooling and thickning Course of Diet , as three parts of Fountain Water , and one of Milk boil'd together , and drank cold , roasted Apples , Barly-broths , and the like ; forbidding the use o● Flesh : I also prescribe thickning and cooling Juleps , and Emulsions and the like . Take of the clarified Juices of Plantane and Nettles , each six Ounces , of the Aqua Lactis Alexiteria four Ounces , of Cinnamon Water hordeated three Ounces , of white-Sugar a sufficient Quantity , mingle them , make a Julep ; let him take four Ounces in the Morning , and at four in the Afternoon , and so daily for three Days following . Take of the Waters of Plantane , and of Cinnamon hordeated , each four Ounces , of distill'd Vinegar half an Ounce , of true Bole , and of Dragon's Blood , each half a Dram , of London Laudanum three grains , of Syrup of Myrtles one ounce and an half ; mix them , make a Julep ; let him take five or six Spoonfuls every Night at Bed-time . Take of the Syrup of Juice of Nettles four ounces ; give half an ounce in his Liquor every time he drinks , and he may drink of Tincture of Roses every time he drinks . Take of the Seeds of Henbane , and of white Poppies , each half a dram ; of Sugar of Roses three drams , of Syrup of Comfry a sufficient quantity ; make an Electuary , give the quantity of a small Nutmeg twice a day , and let him drink a draught of Tincture of Roses presently after it . Or , Take of the four greater cold Seeds , each one dram and an half ; of Sweet Almonds two pair , of the Seeds of white Poppies two drams , Plantane-water eight ounces , of Red-Poppy-water four ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated one ounce and an half ; make an Emulsion , to which add three drams of pearled Sugar , and half an ounce of the Juice of Citron ; mingle them , give four ounces thrice a day . I order that the Sick should keep from Bed daily for some time , and that a gentle cooling Glister be injected every day , and a Paregorick Draught to be taken at Bed-time : But because sharp Humours often accompany such Hemorragies , besides Cooling and Revulsion , I order gentle Purging , even when the Disease is at height ; and when it has done Working , I give an Anodyn that is stronger than usual ; and when the Symptom is quite abated , I give another Purge . As to External Applications , Rags four times doubled , and dipt in cold Water , wherein Sal Prunella has been dissolved , and gently press'd out , may be applied often in a day to the Neck ; and after general Evacuations the following Liquor may be applied . Take of Hungarian Vitriol , and of Alum , each one ounce ; of the Flegm of Vitriol half a pint , boil them till all are dissolved ; filter the Liquor when it is cold , and separate it from the Cristals that sometimes arise ; to the remaining Liquor add a twelfth part of Oyl of Vitriol ; dip a Tent in this Liquor , and put it up the Nostril from whence the Blood flows , and leave it there two days . Rags dipt in this Liquor and applied , stop Blood in any external part . A Spitting of Blood , which I shall now treat of , seises Weakly People of a hot Constitution , whose Lungs are weak ; it happens chiefly to young People in the Spring or Summer-time . It must be cured much the same way as the Bleeding at the Nose , only Purging must not be used often , for if it be the Sick will quickly fall into a Consumption . Take of Lucatellus's Balsam one dram , of true Bole one scruple ; mingle them , and give it Morning and Evening , with a draught of the Traumatick Decoction . Take of Plantane-water two ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated one ounce , of distill'd Vinegar half an ounce , of red Coral prepared half a dram , of Dragons Blood half a scruple , of London Laudanum two grains , of Syrup of Myrtles one ounce ; mingle them , give a Spoonful every hour till the Blood stops . Or , Take of Tincture of Roses one pint , of Comfry one ounce and an half ; mingle them , give a draught every fourth hour . Or , Take of Conserve of red Roses , and of Comfry , each three drams ; of Cutle-bone finely powdred two drams , of Crabs Eyes one scruple ; boil them in half a pint of Milk to four ounces ; let him eat and drink all . Or , Take of the Lohoch of Purslain one ounce and an half ; give three drams every fourth hour . And lastly , Bleeding frequently used , a Glister every day injected , and Diacodium taken every Night at going to Bed , and also a Diet , and Medicines that thickens and cools , will perfect the Cure. Of Diseases of the TONGUE . CHAP. XLIII . Of an Inflammation of the Tongue , and other Tumours of it . AS all parts of the Body , especially such as are fleshy , are wont to be inflamed , so also is the Tongue sometimes , by reason of Blood flowing into it ; and as it is Pure , Cholerick , Flegmatick or Melancholly , it occasions either a Flegmon , or an Erysipelas , an Oedema , or a Scirrhus , and sometimes it ends in Suppuration ; whereof Forestus mentions an Observation , of a Brewer who had a great Inflammation of the Tongue , which Suppurated . But most commonly the Swelling of the Tongue is soft and loose , and purely Oedematous , of which Galen proposes an Example , of a Man whose Tongue was so tumified , that it could not be contained in his Mouth . And sometimes also the Tongue grows excessively big , when there is no Oedema , no Scirrhus , nor any other kind of Tumour , and without any kind of Pain , and is only an increase proceeding from too great Nourishment of the part . The Diagnostick of these Tumours is not difficult , for they may be seen ; but the differences of them may be so distinguish'd , if there be an Inflammation , Pain and Heat , and Redness attend it , and the Face is also affected therewith ; but if the Swelling proceed from Flegm , the Tongue is white , and much Flegm flows out , which tasts sweet and insipid : But if it be only an increase of the Tongue , there are no signs of other Tumours or ill Humours . As to the Prognostick ; Tumours of the Tongue , for the most part , do not endanger Life , unless they grow so great , that Suffocation should be feared from thence , or take their rise from some Malignant Humour , which may generate a Cancer , which is known by Hardness , pricking Pain , and a livid Colour . The Cure of an Inflammation of the Tongue , must be begun with such things as cause a Revulsion , and with repelling Medicines : And then first a loosening Glister must be injected , and a large quantity of Blood must be taken away ; presently after Cupping-glasses with Scarrification must be applied to the Shoulders ; afterwards cooling and repelling Gargarisms must be used . Galen commends the Juice of Lettice wherewith the Tongue must be washed ; or a Gargarism may be prepared , of a Decoction of Plantane , Nightshade , of Syrup of dried Roses . After Bleeding Purging may be prescribed , with a Medicine made of Cholagogs and Flegmagogs . The Fluxion being stopt by Evacuation , Revulsion and Derivation , the Derivation of the Humour stuft into the Tongue must be endeavoured ; to which end the Veins under the Tongue must be opened : But if it cannot be done , by reason of the bigness of the Tongue , a Cupping-glass , with Scarification , must be applied under the Chin. If the Tumour tends to Suppuration , it must be promoted by applying a Fig cut in the middle , which must be frequently changed , or by a Gargarism made of a Decoction of Barly , Mallows , Violets , Figs , Raisins of the Sun , of the Seeds of Quinces and Fenugreek , adding to them Syrup of Violets and of Jujubs . Suppuration being made , if the Abscess does not break of it self , let it be opened with a Knife , and the Ulcer must be presently cleansed with a Decoction of Barly , Agrimony and Plantane , with Honey of Roses . But a soft and loose Tumour arising from Flegm , is cured first by Revulsion made by Bleeding , if the Sick abound with Blood ; afterwards some strong Purge must be given , as is the Pill Coch minor : But if the Sick cannot take Pills , a strong Purging Potion must be used . After these Evacuations , cooling and repelling Medicines must be applied at the beginning : The Tongue may be washed with the Juices of Lemons , Pomegranates , Sorrel , of Plantane , or with Simple Oxymel , to which may be added in the increase of the Disease , a little Ginger , Sal Gemma , or Sal Armoniack . Zacutus Lusitanus in a very dangerous case , when Suffocation was feared , by reason of the bigness of the Tongue , applied four Leeches to it , and soon after a great quantity of Blood was evacuated , and the Tongue asswaged . The same Zacutus Scarrified the Tongue deep in a Boy of Ten Years of Age , when the Tongue was soft , and by that means a great quantity of Salt-water flowed out , and the Patient was presently cured . Lastly , When the Tongue is much increased , Claudinus proposes the Cutting off the Superfluous Flesh , necessary Preparations being first used . CHAP. XLIV . Of the Ranula under the Tongue . THough in the foregoing Chapter we treated of the Tumours of the Tongue , yet one remains , which we thought best to treat of in a Chapter by it self , because it is of a different Nature from the others , and requires a different way of Cure. A Ranula is a Tumour under the Tongue , in that part wherein it is joyned to its bridle ; and so great is this Tumour most commonly , that it rises higher than the lower Teeth ; a cleft is in the middle of it , whereby it is divided into right and left , and by this means it resembles the hinder part of a Frog , from whence it takes its name : It is of the Nature of a Meliceris , and the Matter which flows from it is like Honey , and contained in a Bag , and in this Bag a Stone is sometimes found . It is most commonly without danger , but it is dangerous when it looks black and brown , and is hard , for then it is of a Cancerous Nature , and ought not to be medled with . As to the Cure of this Disease , First the antecedent Cause must be taken away ; and if it be Inveterate , then you must use Cauteries and Sudorifick Decoctions , Afterwards you must endeavour to dissolve it by Topical Remedies . Take of Pomegranate-peel , of dried Hyssop , and of common Salt , each two drams ; make a Powder to be held under the Tongue , and to be repeated often . Forestus says , That a Girl of Twelve Years of Age was cured by this Remedy within two days : But in grown People it is best to use Sal Armoniack , which dissolves and penetrates more powerfully . But if the Tumour cannot be cured by Medicines that discuss , it must be opened , which most commonly must be done ; for it is seldom dissolved ; but a large Apertio● must be made , that all the Matter may come out together ; afterwards the Ulcer must be washed , first with gentle things , as with a Decoction of Mallows , afterwards with cleansing things , as with Whitewine ▪ mixed with Honey of Roses : Lastly , With Oxymel : When the Ulcer appears clear , and free from the Bag , it must be cicatrized , by washing the Mouth often with Allum dissolved in Claret . If the Ulcer be Inveterate , and cannot be cured by the foresaid Remedies , touch it twice a day with the Oyl of Sulphur , tempered with Rose-water , viz. Mix one drop of the Oyl with five or six drops of the Water ; for so the Intemperies will be corrected , and the part dried ; which may be also strengthned by washing the Mouth often with a Dissolution of Allum in Claret : But if it will not be cured by these means , the actual Cautery must be used . You may see the manner of using of it in Paraeus , Book VII . Chap. 5. CHAP. XLV . Of Tasting diminished , abolished or depraved . TAsting , as the other Senses , and all the Actions of the Body , is injured three ways , it is diminished , abolished and depraved . It is diminished when it scarce perceives Tasts that are not strong , and but little such as are . It is abolished when it cannot taste any thing . And lastly , It is depraved , when it supposes the Object tasts differently from what it really does . The Causes of Diminution , and Abolition of Tasting are the same , they only differ in degree ; for if they are small , they only diminish the Taste ; if they are great they abolish it . The Causes are either a Defect of the Animal Spirits in the part , or an Intemperies of the Nerve , that comes from the third Pair to the Tongue , or the Tongue it self is some way preternaturally indisposed . The Spirits are in fault , either by reason of the Paucity of them , as in People that are Dying ; or upon account of Obstructions of the Nerves of the third Pair through which they are conveyed ; or by reason of a Tumour in that part of the Brain from whence the Nerves rise . The Tongue is either covered with a moist and Flegmatick Humour , or it is affected with Tumours , Pustles or Ulcers ; and by these its proper Action , or the Sense of Tasting , may be either diminished or abolished . The Taste is depraved when the Tongue is affected with some vitious Humour , as in Feavers , when it is infected with Choler , all things seem bitter ; and when it is infected with Salt Flegm , or a Melancholly Humour , all things taste Acid or Salt ; for the External Objects coming upon the Tongue move the vitious Juice of it ; and so all things that are tasted seem of the same Taste with the Humour in the Tongue : But sometimes the Tongue perceives the Taste of the Juices contained in it , although no External Object come near it . This is daily seen in Feavers , when the Tongue is infected with Choler , for if it be very bitter , there is continually a bitter Taste in the Mouth . The Diversity of the foresaid Causes may be known by the Variety of the Tasts , and by the Disposition of the Tongue ; A sweet Tast , and a Redness of the Tongue signifies Blood , bitter Taste and a Yellow Colour signifies Choler ; whiteness with Sweetness Flegm ; a brown Colour and Sharpness Melancholly ; an abominable Taste shows ill Humours contained in the Stomach : Pustles , Tumours , and Ulcers may be easily seen . But lastly , if there be no Alteration seen in the Tongue , and yet the tast is either diminished or abolished , we must suppose that the Cause lies hid in the Brain or Nerves . The Cure is various according to the Variety of the Causes , and therefore if the Disease be in the Brain or Nerves , such Medicines must be ordered as are used for the Cure of a Palsie : But when the Taste is depraved by vitious Humours , that Symptom most commonly proceeds from other Diseases , especially from Feavers , which being cur'd the Symptom ceases , If the Taste be injured by Tumours , the Cure of it depends on the Cure of them . Lastly , If the Fault arise from Pustles or Ulcers of the Tongue , the Cure of those must be undertaken by bleeding , and purging , and with the Application of cooling drying and astringent Topicks , in the Form of a Gargarism . But if the Ulcers are sordid , they must be cleansed with Honey of Roses , sharpned moderately with Oyl of Vitriol , or of Sulphur . But when you would dry more powerfully , the affected Part must be touched once and again with the Oyls unmixed . And so may be cured Aphthae and all Ulcers of the Mouth and Tongue presently . CHAP. XLVI . Of a Palsie of the Tongue , and of the Motion of it Hurt . THe chief Action of the Tongue is Speech , and that is abolished , diminished and depraved by various Causes , which have Reference to Simular , Organick , or common Diseases . As to Simular , a moist Intemperies joyned with Matter renders the Tongue too soft and loose , so that it cannot move readily ; also too much Dryness hinders Speech , which happens in Feavers ; but Organick Diseases are magnitude increased , as was said before of Tumours , which hinders the free Motion of the Tongue ; the Figure of it faulty , as when the Tongue is naturally too short , or when the Top of it is cut off , or when the Bridle is too strait , and an Obstruction of the Nerves of the seventh Pair , which are brought to the Muscles that move the Tongue . Lastly , Common Diseases are a Solution of the Continuum , and Wounds of the Part. Too great a Moisture of the Tongue causes Stammering , and such so affected cannot pronounce the Letter R , and it is either native as in Children , who by reason of too great Moisture are troubled with it , and are freed from it in Progress of Time , whereby the Superfluous Moisture is consumed ; But in some it remains all their Life long , and they always Stammer . But in some Stammering is accedental , and comes from a Catarrh , and from a great Fluxion of a Flegmatick Humour falling upon the Jaws or Tongue , and is cured by Evacuation , Revulsion , and Derivation , and by strengthning and drying the Head. The Cure of a Palsie of the Tongue , is performed by taking off the antecedent Cause , viz. The Humour abounding in the Brain , and by discussing the Conjunct Cause , viz. the Humour thrust into the Nerves moving the Tongue . And first , Purging must be ordered , and Bleeding must be used if Blood abound , and such a Quantity must be taken away as is agreeable to the Age and Strength of the Patient ; afterwards Cephalick things must be used , and if the Diseases be obstinate , a Sudorifick Diet-drink . After universal Evacuations , Derivation of the Morbifick Matter must be made by Cupping-glasses , and Blisters applied to the Neck , and by an Issue in the hinder part of the Head. Avicen applies a Cupping-glass to the Chin , which is also approved of by late Authors . Bleeding under the Tongue is also used successfully after general Evacuations ; and to discuss the Humour the following Gargarism is frequently used . Take of the Roots of Florentine-orris half an ounce , of the Leaves of wild Marjoram , Sage , Staechas , Rosemary , each half an handful , of Cubebs three drams , of Liquorish , one ounce ; boil them in equal Parts of Water , and Whitewine added towards the end ; to one Pint strain it , and dissolve in it two ounces of Oxymel of Squils ; mlke a Gargarism . But if it be not strong enough to do the business , two or three drams of the Roots of Pellitory of Spain , or the like quantity of Mustard-seed may be added to it . Castor also may be added if it be not too unpleasing . The Juice of Sage is much commended the Tongue being rub'd with it , you may also add Mustard-seed to it . The following Pills may be also held frequently upon the Tongue . Take of the Juice of Bettony , and Liquorish , each one dram and an half , of Castor , and Assa-faetida , each half a dram , of Nutmeg , and Spicknard , each one scruple , make them up into small Pills with Honey , Fumes and Powders sprinkled into the Hair , and the like , must be used to strengthen the Brain , and to discuss the Relicts of the Flegmatick Humour . And lastly , To hinder the Growth of new Matter , which the Intemperies of the Brain is wont to cause , after general and particular Evacuations things that strengthen the Head must be used . Of Diseases of the Gums , Teeth , Jaws , Uvula , and Larynx . CHAP. XLVII . Of Pains of the Teeth . THe Pain of the Teeth is occasioned by the Influx of Humours , which are either Cold , Flegmatick , Hot , Serous , Salt , or Acrid ; Worms also bred in rotten Teeth occasions Pain , and some think that the Pain proceeds sometimes from Wind. The External and Procatarctick Causes occasioning Pain in the Teeth , are all those things which promote Fluxion of Humours ; the chief whereof are cold Air , or Southerly Winds , standing long in the Heat of the Sun , or abroad in the Night , surfetting , and all Errors in Diet. To these add Rottenness of the Teeth , which weakens them and renders them more apt to receive Fluxions . The Diversity of the Causes may be known by various Signs , when the Pain arises from hot Humours it is very violent , the Constitution hot , the Age flourishing , it is Summer , there is great Heat in the Part , and often an Inflammation of the Gums , cooling Medicines give Ease ; hot increase the Pain ; But if the Pain arise from cold Humours , Signs contrary to these appear . If Worms are the Cause the Pain is by Intervals , and the Motion of the Worm is sometimes perceived in the Part. Pain is likewise produced by a Flatuous Spirit , which appears by the vehemency and tearing Pain which is felt in the Part , and which goes off in a little time , and is easily cured , by applying discutient Remedies to the place . The Prognostick is various according to the Variety of the Causes . A Pain which is occasioned by a hot , thin , or sharp , acrid and salt Humour , is the more vehement indeed , but sooner goes off , by reason of the sudden Changes of the Humours ; that which proceeds from a cold and Flegmatick Humour , is more gentle but of longer Duration . A Tumour arising in the Gums or Jaws , eases the Pain of the Teeth , by reason that the Fluxion is carried to the exterior Parts ; so that it falls no more upon the Cavity of the Teeth . As to the Cure , the Cause of the Pain must be taken away , and the Pain it self mitigated . And although Anodyns have no great Effect , unless the Fluxion be taken off , yet it is often so violent , that it must not only be mitigated with Anodyns , properly so called , but also with Narcoticks before the Cause be removed . Therefore the Humour which flows to the Teeth must be drawn back , evacuated and repelled ; that which is already flown in , must be discussed and carried off by Derivation . First therefore , If the Pain arise from hot Humours , Bleeding must be used in the Arm of the same Side , whereby a Revulsion of the Humour may be made ; but if the Pain proceeds from cold Humours , Bleeding is not so proper , but by reason of the Fluxion it may be used because it principally makes Revulsion ; but a small quantity of Blood must be taken away , unless the Signs of a Plethora appear ; for in that case large Bleeding may be allowed , which is the best means to ease the Pain in the Teeth , and all other Pains . The next Day some purging Medicine must be given , that is proper for the peccant Humour ; afterwards if the Pain continues , Cupping-glasses with Scarification must be applied to the Shoulders , or a large Cupping-glass without Scarification ; a Blister may be applied to the Neck or behind the Ears , for it draws powerfully the Humours backward . And to stop the Flux Astringents are properly applied to the Temples ; such are the Plaisters of Gum-elemi , of Mastich alone , or ad Herniam . The fresh Roots of Comfrey , bruised and applied to the Temples are excellent for stopping of Fluxion , also the Powder , of Allum and Galls made into a Plaister with Pitch are very effectual . Riverius , chief Physician to Henry the Great , kept the following Plaister as a great Secret. Take of Pine-nuts , and red Roses , of the Seeds of Cresses torrified , of Mastich , and seal'd Earth , each one dram and an half , infuse them in Rose Vinegar twenty four Hours , afterwards dry them , and add of Opium dissolved in Aqua Vitae three ounces , of Ship Pitch and Colophony , each one Ounce , of Yellow Wax melted in the Oyls of Henbane , and white Poppies , by Expression a sufficient quantity , make a Plaister , which must be applied to the Arteries and pained Part. Medicines also are put into the Ears for Pain in the Teeth , because the Arteries which nourish the Teeth do pass by the Ears ; upon that account , Oyl of bitter Almonds is put into the Ear next to the Tooth affected , also a Suffumigation of Vinegar , in which Penyroyal , or wild Marjoram hath been boiled , is often used . Vinegar is also dropt into the Ear , by which the Fluxion is powerfully stopped , and it is most effectual in a hot Fluxion . But in a hot Fluxion , Juice of Garlick mixed with Venice Treacle , and dropt warm into the Ear , mitigates the Pain powerfully : Also the Root of Garlick , the Bark being taken off , and made in the form of a Suppository , and put into the Ear , produces the same Effect . Astringents are also applied in the beginning of the Fluxion , and they ought to be cold if the Matter be hot ; but if it be cold , hot Medicines mixed with those that are repelling are to be used ; in whatever Cause , if the Pain be violent , Anodyns are to be mixed with Discutients . To which Purpose the following Medicine may be prescribed . Take of the Roots of Cinquefoil , Bistort , Tormentill , each one dram , of the Leaves of Vervain , Plantain , and Mullein , each one handful , Cypress-nuts , Galls , and Cups of Acrons , each two drams , of red Sanders , a dram and an half , of red Roses , and Balaustines , each one pugil , boil them in astringent Wine and Vinegar , fomeri● the pained Part with this Decoction frequently . This Decoction may be used in the beginning of a hot Fluxion , in a cold one you may add the Roots of Cyperus , the Bark of Box-wood , Ivy-leaves and the like . A more Simple Medicine may be prepared of Plantain , and Rose Water , with a little Vinegar , after the manner of an Oxycrat . Or the Teeth must be washed with a Decoction of Galls in Vinegar . Or , Take of Cinquefoil-roots half an ounce , of Willow-leaves half an handful , boil them in astringent Wine , and wash the Mouth with the Decoction . This Decoction stops the Fluxion , and eases Pain . After that these Remedies have been used which mitigate the Pain , and discuss the Cause of it , of which there are a great Number proposed by Authors , and also by the common People . We shall in the next Place propose those that are more effectual ; of the which such Choice is to be made , that these which not only resolve , and discuss , but also stop the Flux , being mixed with astringents , in the beginning and increase of the Disease , those which only discuss in the Height and Declination . Take of the Juice of House-leek , and Night-shade , each two ounces , of Cow or Sheeps-milk , eight ounces , Oyl of Roses , Omphacin , one ounce and an half , of OpiUm and Saffron , each three grains , mix them and apply a Rag dipt in the Liquor warm often to the Jaws where the pained Tooth is . Or , Take of the Pap of sweet Apples boiled two ounces , of Bra● infused in Vinegar , three ounces , Oyl of Roses , Omphacin one Dram , Saffron half a scruple , of Opium two grains , mix them and make a Cataplasm to be applied to the part affected . Or , Take of wheaten and Bean-flower , each three ounces , of Oyl of Roses compleat , and of sweet Almonds , each half an ounce , of the Juice of the greater House-leek an ounce and an half , of Milk a sufficient quantity , make a Cataplasm , to be often applied warm to the Part affected . Or , Take the Whites of two Eggs , beat them with Rose-water , with Rags whereon two drams of Pepper powdered has been sprinkled , apply them over the whole Cheek affected . Nevertheless it is carefully to be noted , that Astringents be not applied to the Jaws if they be tumified , least the Humour be repelled back , and should suffocate the Patient . Cotton dipt in Oyl of Cloves , and put into the Hollow Tooth is frequently used to ease the Pain , Oyl of Box also does the same . But if the Pain be so violent that it cannot be quelled with the foresaid Remedies , we must use Narcoticks , which may be applied to the pained Tooth , but they most certainly give Ease being taken inwardly ; you may give three or four grains of the London Laudanum , it gives ease and stops the Fluxion . Take of Opium , Mirrh , and Labdanum , each one Dram , powder them , and boil them in Whitewine to the Consistance of a Liniment , mix Cotton with it , and stop the Hollow Tooth . If Worms are in the Teeth , they must be killed by bitter things . Take of Aloes one Dram , of Champhor ten Grains , of Aqua Vitae half a dram , mingle them , and apply them to the Teeth with Cotton , It is to be noted , that there is seldom a Pain in the Teeth , unless they are Hollow , and untill they are eaten through to the Nerve ; wherefore that the Pain may be taken off , the Nerve must be burnt , either with an actual Cautery , or with Aqua fortis , or Oyl of vitriol put into the Cavity . But if notwithstanding all these means the Pain continues , the Tooth must be drawn , but care must be taken that the Tooth be not drawn when the Fluxion rushes violently upon it , or when the Headach accompanies it ; or the Gums are swelled , and when the Pain is violent ; and the Tooth-drawer must be admonished , that he does not pluck it out violently at once , least a concussion of the Brain shou'd follow , or the breaking of the Jaw-bone , upon which violent Bleeding , a Feaver , and sometimes Death comes . As soon as the Tooth is drawn , the Part from whence it is taken must be pressed on every side , that it may be restored to its natural State , afterwards let the Sick wash his Mouth with warm Oxycrat , and let him be careful least he catch cold , whereby a new Fluxion may fall upon other Teeth . But if Blood flow so much as that it can scarce be stopt , which sometimes happens , though the Jaw be not broken , by reason of a Vein or Artery torn . This Flux of Blood is most commonly stopt by applying Lint rolled up hard , and pressing it hard down an hour or two with the Fingers . But if this does not succeed ; burnt Vitriol must be applyed , and a Rag dipt in Vinegar over it , which also must be pressed down with the Finger , till it be crusted . The last Remedy is an actual Cautery , which presently stops the Blood. But if any timerous Person cannot bare the drawing of a Tooth , but desires to have it extracted by Remedies . Those things are to be tryed , which are proposed every where by Authors for the same purpose , as a Paste made of Frankincense powdered , a little Starch , and the Milk of Spurge , the Root of Crow-foot , the Bark of the Root of Mulberry Tree , the Ashes of Earth-Worms , Pellitory of Spain steep'd in Vinegar , the Root of wild Cucumber infused in Vinegar , and the like . But Bears-foot is the most effectual , the Tooth being rub'd with the Leaf of it bruised , but great care must be taken , that the other Teeth be not touched with it ; for if so , they wou'd be in danger to drop out . A certain Country Fellow being grievously afflicted with the Toothach , desired another to rub his Teeth with Bears-foot , who unwarily rub'd almost all his Teeth with it , and in a few hours almost all of them dropt out . Wherefore if any one intends to use so violent a Medicine , I wou'd advise him to cover the rest of his Teeth with Wax to secure them . Though the Tumour arising in the Jaws most commonly takes off the Pain of the Teeth , the Matter being translated to the outward parts ; yet to procure Ease the sooner some Remedies must be used : The following Liniment does good . Take of Fresh-Butter and Hens-grease each one ounce , of the Powder of Florentine Orris one dram , of Saffron half a Scruple , of Oyl of Camomil , and Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , each half an Ounce ; make a Liniment to be applied to the Jaws . A Cataplasm made of Figs bread and Vinegar operate sooner . Nettles bruised and applied to the Jaws soon ease the Pain . This Cure is for the present Pain , but if it be wont to return frequently , the generation of Humours flowing to the part must be hindred , and the Teeth must be strengthned , that they may not so easily receive the Humours flowing to them . CHAP. XLVIII . Of Black and Rotten Teeth . THE Teeth are often Black , Yellow or Livid , by reason of vitious Humours sticking to their Superficies , which by lying long on them corrode , and make them rotten ; ill Vapors do the same , which arise from unwholsome Meats eaten , or from an Intemperies of the Stomach ; Quick-silver used to the whole Body , or to the Face to Beautifie it , blackens the Teeth : Upon which account Women that use Paint are wont to have black or foul Teeth . In order to the Cure , the antecedent Cause must be first removed , and if ill Humours abounding in the Stomach occasion this Disease , they must be evacuated , and the Intemperies producing it must be corrected , and a good Course of Diet must be ordered , and such Meats must be avoided as are apt to corrupt the Teeth , especially those that are Sweet . There are a great many Medicines proposed to whiten the Teeth by Authors , which every one may make trial of ; we use only one , which presently frees the Teeth from all Filthiness , and renders them white ; and also preserves them from a Caries , that is , the Spirit of Vitriol or of Sulphur , in which a small Stick wrapt round with a Rag may be dipt , and the Teeth rubbed with it , and presently after the Teeth must be dried with a clean Linnen Cloth. When the Teeth are very foul , the pure Oyl may be used , or mixed with Honey of Roses , or it may be corrected with Simple Water , least the use of it corrode the Gums . Montanus relates that he learned this from a Woman at Rome , whom he had seen when he was very young , and she about the Age of Twenty ; he found her afterwards when she was Fifty in the same Condition , who had preserved her Beauty and Strength by the use of the Oyl of Vitriol ; and that her Teeth which were very ill in her Youth were become firm and clean in her old Age by the use of it ; for she was wont daily to rub her Teeth and Gums gently with a drop or two of it . The Ashes of Tobacco are also excellent to cleanse and whiten the Teeth . But to preserve them and to keep them clean , they must be daily cleansed from Filth , and Meat that sticks in them , by a Tooth-picker , made of the Lignum Leutiscinum . Afterwards you must wash the Mouth with Wine , and the Teeth must be rubbed with the following Powder . Take of the Roots of Bistort , Allum , and White Coral , each one ounce ; make a fine Powder wherewith rub the Teeth . CHAP. XLIX . Of the Errosion and Vlceration of the Gums . THE Gums are eaten and ulcerated by Acrid and Corroding Humours flowing to them from the Brain , Stomach , Spleen , and other Parts . Splenetick People are more especially troubled with Ulcers of the Gums , and such as are Scorbutick ; and sometimes also the Gums are corroded by Worms , or by the Humours that occasion them ; so that when they continue long to be so , they signifie Worms to be in the Body . Fabritius Hildanus mentions an Observation of a Boy , that was much troubled a long while with corroded Gums , and after he had tried many Medicines both inward and outward , at length he died , and his Body being opened , there were found great numbers of Worms , which had eaten through his Guts , and lay in the Cavity of the Belly . The Cure must be first directed to the Antecedent Cause , and the Peccant Humours must be evacuated by Bleeding and Purging . The Acrid and Hot must be attemperated by Apozems , Juleps , and medicated Broths , and the like . And the Fluxions of the same Humours is to be turned , by applying Cupping-glasses to proper places . And lastly , The Diseases of the Part principally affected must be cured . And afterwards we must use Topicks , which are to be varied according to the greatness of the Disease , for in a simple Errosion those things are only to be applied which are Astringent and dry : And first the following Lotion must be used . Take of unripe Galls , of the Cups of Acorns , and of Balaustins , each one dram ; of red Roses one Pugil ; of Crude-allum three drams ; boil them in two parts of Smiths water , and one of rough Wine : The Teeth must be often washed with this Water , and if the Errosion is not cured with it , the following Opiat must be used . Take of Dragons Blood three drams , of Wood of Aloes , red Roses , Spodium , Harts-horn burnt till it is white , and Cypress Nuts , each one dram ; of Myrrh , and the Ashes of Tobacco , each one dram ; of Allum two drams ; make of all a Powder , mix it with Honey , and add to it a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur , make an Opiat , which you must spread upon a rag , and apply to the Gums at Bed-time . Spirit of Sulphur either by it self or mixed with Honey of Roses , cleanses and whitens the Teeth , and cures the Corruption of the Gums . If the Ulcer is deep or sordid , you must use the following Balsam . Take of choice Myrrh , and of Sugar-candy , each equal parts ; powder them , and fill the white of an Egg with them first boiled hard and cut in the middle , afterwards bind it up with Thread , and hang it in a Cellar , put a Glass under for the Liquor to drop into , wherewith anoint the part affected often in a day . But if the foresaid Remedies will not do the business , and if the Tooth near the Ulcer be rotten , it must be drawn out , and the Ulcer will be soon cured , otherwise it will be incurable . CHAP. L. Of Blood flowing from the Gums . BLOOD sometimes flows in a great quantity from the Gums , either Critically or Symptomatically : But though a Critical Hemorrhage seldom happens by the Gums , yet that it does so sometimes , Experience and the Observations from Authors show . It flows Symptomatically from the Gums , by reason of its Acrimony , and of the vitious Constitution of the Spleen , and also the Scurvy : It also sometimes flows plentifully after the drawing of a Tooth ; the little Artery being torn , which was inserted into the Root of the Tooth ; upon which account sometimes so much Blood flows as kills the Patient . The Cure of a Symptomatick Flux is performed by Bleeding , and Purging , and other Remedies that correct the Disorders of the Bowels ; afterwards Topicks must be used that are of an Astringent Nature , in the form of a Gargarism , Lotion , Powder , Liniment , or Opiate . If a great quantity of Blood flows upon drawing a Tooth , Revulsion first must be made by Bleeding , and Cupping-glasses and Astringent Medicines must be applied to the part ; as a Cataplasm made of Bole-armenick , Dragons Blood , sealed Earth , and other Astringents mixed with the white of an Egg. If these things do not do , the Patient must apply his Finger to the part from whence the Blood flows , and must be kept there so long , till the Blood coagulated upon the Orifice of the Artery stops the Flux . If the Blood cannot be stopt by these gentle means , stronger must be used . Chalcitis burnt and applied , stops Blood wonderfully , Gum-arabick powder'd , and the Cavity fill'd with it , is also of use : So is also the Powder called Thuraloes , applied with the white of an Egg and Hares Down . CHAP. LI. Of Vlcers of the Mouth and Jaws . SMALL and Superficial Ulcers of the Mouth are called Aphthae , and when they are large they go under the common name of Ulcers , as those are that happen to Pocky People . These Ulcers are wont to be generated by Acrid Humours , or Vapors translated from various parts of the Body to the Jaws . So in Malignant Feavers , such Ulcers frequently happen , and to those which are of a hot Constitution , and are subject to an Intemperies of the Parts , and to others that abound with corrupted Humours , upon which Account Children are frequently troubled with Aphthae . These Ulcers are various , not only for that some are small , some greater , and because some trouble Children , and some grown People , but also because an Inflammation accompanies some of them , and others it do's not . These various Degrees happen according to the variety of Humours from whence they are generated , for either they proceed from Blood , Choler , Flegm , or Melancholy , or rather from black Choler , which is of a burning and malignant Quality . But these Differences may be known by their proper Signs , for red Ulcers proceed from Blood , yellow from Choler , white from Flegm , livid from black Choler , a stinking Ulcer signifies Putrefaction . As to the Prognostick , Aphthae properly so called are easily cured , but deep Ulcers , or such as are putrid are difficultly cured , and they are most dangerous in Children , both because they spread more by reason of the Softness of their Flesh , and also , because they cannot bear strong Medicines ; upon which account Children sometimes die of them , if they are accompanied with Putrefaction and Malignity . And with respect to the Cause from whence they proceed , they are more or less Dangerous ; if they proceed from Flegm there is little Danger , if from Blood , or Choler , there is more , if from black Choler most of all . Black and crusty Ulcers are deadly , especially in Children . Ulcers of the Jaws accompanied with a Feaver are dangerous . As to the Cure , a cooling and drying Diet must be ordered to hinder the Generation of the Antecedent Cause ; wherefore if in Children , the Disease arises from a Fault in the Milk , either the Nurse must be changed , or her Milk must be corrected by proper Meats and Drinks , and by Bleeding and purging if there be Occasion . But you must be sure to prescribe a cooling and astringent Diet to the Nurse , as Quinces , Pears , Medlars , Lettice , and Purslain . The same must be prescribed for grown People , and they must avoid acrid , salt , and peppered Meats . Moreover with respect to the antecedent Cause , universal Evacuations must be prescribed , according to the Age of the Sick , and first , Bleeding makes a powerful Revulsion of Humours flowing to the Part , and attemperates their Acrimony , and cools the whole Body . Afterwards Cupping-glasses with Scarification must be applied , Leeches behind the Ears , and under the Chin , and a Blister must be applied to the Neck . The next Day after Bleeding Purging must be ordered suitable to the peccant Humour , and the Age , At the same time , viz. From the very beginning of the Cure , Topicks must be applied ; but such as are gentle must be first used , as Gargarisms , or Lotions made with the Waters of Plantain , or Honey-suckle , and sweetned with Syrup of dried Roses , or of Mulberries , or of a Decoction , of Plantain Leaves , Bramble-tops , knot-grass , Balaustins , red Sanders , and the like , with the foresaid Syrups . And if there be an Inflammation , it is proper to add the Juice of Night-shade , House-leek or of Purslain , and Sal Prunella , in such Quantity as may not sharpen it too much , or instead of them a small Quantity of Crude Allum may be mixed with it . If there be no Inflammation , Spirit of Vitriol , or Sulphur is the only Remedy which may be used by it self to grown People ; The Ulcer being touched with a Stick wrapped round the top , with a Rag dipt in it , and so simple Aphthae will be cured immediately . But for Children the Spirit must be mixed with Honey of Roses to mitigate the Sharpness , and must be used with a Stick , as above directed . If the Ulcers are very painful , and accompanied with Inflammation ; the Mouth must be often gargled with Milk , or with an Emulsion of the cold Seeds , or with a Mucilage of the Seeds of Fleabean , and of Quinces extracted with Plantain and Rose-water . Lastly , If the pain be so very obstinate that it cannot be appeased by the Revulsions and Topicks proposed ; but by Reason of the Violence of it , sharp Humours are continually attracted , and long Watchings occasioned , and a Wasting of the whole Body , whereby the Life is much endangered , the last Remedy are Narcoticks , which ease the Pain , and hinders the Influx of the Humours , they are to be dosed according to the Age and Strength of the Patient . I cured a Boy , says Riverius , of four Years of Age , when he was just dying , by giving him a grain of Laudanum . His Jaws and Tongue were full of deep Ulcers , and the Inflammation so great , that he cou'd not bear Topick Remedies , and the Flux of Humours so much , that they flowed perpetually out of his Mouth like a Stream , and the Child cryed Night and Day . If the Ulcer be putrid , and sordid , it must be first washed with a Decoction made of Barley and Honey of Roses , and in Children , with Milk wherein Steel has been quenched , mixed with conserve of Roses ; afterwards you must use things that are stronger , Honey of Roses is the chief , made acid with the Spirit of Vitriol . If these are not sufficient , burnt Allum may be added to the things abovementioned , or Unguentum Aegyptiacum , in a greater or lesser quantity , according to the Degree of the Diseases . Lastly , If the Ulcer of the Jaws proceed from the French Pox , it cannot be cured until that is taken off . CHAP. LII . Of the Relaxation of the Uvula . THe Relaxation of the Uvula , happens by reason of a Flegmatick Humour , falling from the Head upon it , wherewith some Blood is often mixed , and then an Inflammation accompanies the Relaxation , which also frequently happens to the Almonds , concerning the Cure of which Inflammations we shall say nothing ; because the Cure of them is performed by the same Remedies which were proposed for the Cure of an Inflammation of the Tongue , and for Ulcers of the Mouth with Inflammation . The Flegmatick Humour falling upon the Uvula , moistens , softens , and so relaxes it , that it touches the upper part of the Oesophagus , and creates Nauseousness , and those that are so affected , always endeavour in vain to swallow something that lies at the top of the Oesophagus , and by this Sign without Inspection , the Relaxation of the Uvula may be known . The Cure of it must be first directed to the anticedent cause , wherefore the Humours flowing from the Head , must be evacuated , and diverted by those Remedies which are proposed for the Cure of a Catarrh . The Topicks which are used in the Beginning must be astringent and repellent , such as were proposed for Ulcers in the Jaws and Gums ; afterwards the things that are drying and astringent must be mixed with them ; and though the Gargarisms proposed in the said Places , are profitable in these Cases ; yet when there is no Inflammation , the use of Powders is more effectual . For by them the relaxed Uvula is more powerfully dried and contracted . And therefore the Bark of Pomegranates finely powdered should be first used , and in progress a little Pepper may be used with it . Or , Take of red Roses , Balaustines , Pomegranate-peel , each half a dram , of the Roots of Bistort , Tormentil , and unripe Galls , and of Florentine-orris , each one dram , of burnt Allum two Scruples , make a Powder . Common Chyrurgeons apply long Pepper powdered to it , but it is not safe , for there is Danger least the Humours should be drawn violently to the Part affected , and so should occasion some great Mischief . The manner of using these Powders is as follows : The Tongue must be depressed with a Speculum-oris , and then with a Spatula , or with a small Spoon for the Purpose ; the Powder must be conveyed to the Uvula , often in a Day , till the Humour imbibed be wholly consumed . But if the Uvula relaxed cannot be reduced by the foresaid Remedies to it's former State , but still continues troublesome by being so long , the top of it must be cut off ; but care must be taken that too much of it be not cut off , for if so the Speech and Respiration wou'd be injured . CHAP. LIII . Of a Quinsie . IT comes at any Time of the Year , especially between Spring and Summer , and chiefly seizes young Men , and such as are of a Sanguine Constitution , and red hair'd People , ( which I have often observed ) more than any other , they shiver and shake presently , a Feaver follows , and a little after a Pain and Inflammation of the Jaws , and if the Patient be not presently relieved , he can neither swallow nor draw his Breath through his Nostrils ; so that he is under the apprehension of strangling , by reason the Jaws are stopt by the Inflammation and Tumour of the Uvula , Almonds , and Larynx , and is indeed in a manner suffocated . There is great Danger in this Disease , for it sometimes destroys a Man in a few Hours . In order to the Cure , I presently take away Blood plentifully from the Arm , and presently afterwards from the Veins under the Tongue , and then I order that the inflamed Parts shou'd be touched with Honey of Roses , made very sharp with Spirit of Sulphur , and that the following Gargarism shou'd be used not after the common Way , but that it shou'd be kept in the Mouth without any Agitation till it wax hot , and then that it shou'd be spit out , and that it should be repeated now and then . Take of Plantane-water , and red Rose-water , and of the Water of the Spawn of Frogs , each four ounces ; the Whites of three Eggs turned to a Water by beating , of White Sugar-candy three Drams , make a Gargarism . I likewise order , that the Patient take dayly of the Emulsion prescribed in the Cure of a Pleurisie or the like . The next Morning I bleed again , unless the Feaver , and difficulty of Swallowing somewhat abate , and defer Purging till the next Day : But if both these are lessened , I presently give a lenitive Purge . If the Feaver and other Symptoms are like to be troublesome , after purging they are to be quelled by Bleeding repeated as before , by applying a large and strong Blister to the Neck , a cooling and emollient Glister is to be injected every Morning , except when the Patient purges , through the whole course of the Disease . The use of Flesh of all kinds , and their Broths are to be forbid , and the Patient is to be dieted with Oatmeal and Barley Broths , and roasted Apples , and the like , let him use a Ptisan of Barley or small Beer . Let him keep up some Hours every Day , for the warmth of the Bed heightens the Feaver , and other Symptoms . But it is to be noted , that such a Quinsie which is only a Symptom of a Feaver I call stationary , is to be cured by that Method which is requisite for the Feaver , and so is either to be taken off by Sweat and Transpiration , or by any other Method of Cure which is necessary for the primary Feaver whereon it depends , which is worth Observation . CHAP. LIV. Of an Asthma . THough an Asthma is taken for a Difficulty of Breathing in general , yet it principally Signifies that which proceeds from a stoppage of the Lungs , and an Obstruction of the Bronchia , which of its own Nature is without a Feaver , though sometimes a Feaver accompanies it . An Asthma is divided into three Species , one is called Dyspnoea , another Asthma , the third Orthopnoea . A Dyspnoea is a difficulty of Breathing , arising from an Obstruction of the Lungs ; this is less than an Asthma , or Orthopnoea , and arises from a smaller Quantity of Matter that obstructs more the Substance of the Lungs , than the Bronchia ; upon which account there is no Wheezing , which is occasioned by a Commotion of the Humour contained in the Bronchia . An Asthma is a great and frequent Respiration , wherein the Diaphagma , the intercostal Muscles , and the Muscles of the Abdomen are violently moved , and a Wheezing accompanies it . But an Orthopnoea , is the greatest Difficulty of Breathing , wherein the Sick can only breath , as the Word signifies , sitting upright . The Cure of an Asthma is twofold , one in the Fit , and the other out of it ; in the Fit a Glister being first given , Bleeding must be used ; if Blood seem to abound in any Degree , and the Sick must be placed upright in a free Air , and Smoak , or the Breath of the Standers by must not offend him ; and his Cloathes , or any thing else that covers his Breast must be loosned . After Bleeding , or it being omitted , if it be not thought proper , a Phlegmagogue Purge must be given . As to Vomits , though some dislike them , yet are they very proper in this Disease , as is evident by Experience , and frequently the Fit is taken off by this Remedy alone . Sharp Glisters are often to be injected to make a Revulsion , nevertheless their Quantity ought to be small Frictions in the inferior Parts are also to be used , and many Cupping-glasses are to be applied to them , and to the Neck ; afterwards the gross Humours must be moistned and attenuated , and the Wind arising from them must be discussed , to which Purpose the following Medicines must be given . Take of Gum Ammoniack and Bdellium dissolved in Vinegar of Squills , each one dram and an half of Castor , and of the Flowers of Sulphur , each half a dram , of Millepedes prepared one dram , of Salt of Ambar one scruple , of Elixir Proprietatis half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of Oxymel , make small Pills ; Let him take four Morning and Evening , drinking upon them three Spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of Rue , Black-Cherries , Lime-flowers , each two ounces , of compound Peony , and compound Briony-waters , and of Spirit of Castor , each one ounce , of Syrup of Staethas , and Gilly-flowers , each one ounce and an half , mingle them and make a Julep . Take of the Nerve Plaister half an ounce , of Oyl of Amber four Drops , of Balsam of Sulphur half a dram , mingle them , spread a Plaister upon Leather , and apply it to the Breast . Take of the Cephalick , Plaister with Euphorbium a sufficient Quantity , make Plaisters for the Soles of the Feet . In the mean while , things that expectorate the gross Matter must be used . Take of the Pectoral Decoction a quart , add to it of Spirit of Salt-armoniack half a dram , of Oxymel of Squils half an ounce , of Tincture of Castor one dram , of Ground-ivy Water three ounces , mingle them , let him take six Spoonfuls every two Hours . Or , Take of the Seeds of Annise finely powdered , and of Powder of Liquorish , each three drams ; of the Flowers of Sulphur one dram and an half ; mingle them , add two ounces and an half of the best Honey , dissolved in three ounces of Cinnamon-water hordeated ; make an Electuary ; add to it of Balsam of Sulphur fifteen drops ; of Oyl of Annise-seeds ten drops ; let him take one dram every third or fourth hour , drinking upon it five Spoonfuls of the following Decoction . Take of the Roots of Elecampane one dram and an half , of the Leaves of Ground-ivy half an handful ; boil them in three pints of the Pectoral Decoction strained ; add three ounces of Canary-wine , Syrup of Maiden-hair two ounces and an half ; mix them . The Breast must be anointed with Oyntments and Liniments that soften and discuss . Take of the Oyntment of the Flowers of Oranges , and Pomatum , each three drams ; of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression two drams ; of Oyl of the Berries of Juniper and Annise , each half a dram ; mingle them , make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the whole Breast Morning and Evening . Take of the Oyntment of Marsh-mallows one ounce and an half , of Oyl of Annise-seeds thirty drops ; make an Oyntment . If the Fit Continue , apply a Blister to the Neck ; when the Fit is off , the Fluxion of the Humour must be hindred , and that which has already flowed upon the Lungs must be incided , cleansed away , and expectorated , and to restrain the Force of the Fluxion , a clear and pure Air must be chosen , and Southerly and rainy Air must be avoided , and the Air in the Night ; Sleeping and Watching must be moderate , and the Humour must be purged off by the following Medicines . Take of the bitter Decoction , made with a triple quantity of Senna , three ounces and an half , Manna half a ounce , mingle them , make a Purging Potion . Or , Take of the Pilulae Ruffi one Dram , of the Species Hiera half a dram , of Salt of Wormwood half a scruple , of Aloes Rosat , and of Rhubarb powdered , each one scruple , of Elixir Proprietatis a sufficient quantity ; make Ten Pills of a dram , let him take four at bed-time . Of the Days he does not Purge , let him take of the following Medicine . Take of the Seeds of Annise finely powdered two drams , with a sufficient quantity of Lucarellus's Balsam , make Pills , of each drams Six , let him take three in the Morning , and as many at four in the Afternoon , drinking upon them four ounces of the bitter Decoction . It is to be noted , that Purging must be often used in this Disease , and the Form of them must be varied , least Nature should be too much accustomed to one and the same Remedy . CHAP. LV. Of a Pleurisie . THis Disease that is as frequent as any other , comes at any time , but especially about the Spring and Summer ; for at that Time the Blood being heated by the nearness of the Sun , rushes violently into effervescences and inordinate Motions . It chiefly seises those that are of a sanguine Temperament , and often country People , and those that are accustomed to much Labour . It most commonly begins with a Shaking and Shivering , and then Heat , Drouth , and Restlessness , and other Symptoms of a Feaver follow , after a few Hours , though ( sometimes it is much longer before this Symptom comes ) the Patient is taken with a violent pricking Pain in one of his Sides about the Ribs , which sometimes reaches towards the Shoulder-blades , sometimes towards the Back-bone , and sometimes towards the Breast , he coughs frequently , which occasions great Pain , so that sometimes he holds his Breath to prevent coughing ; the Matter which is spit up at the beginning is little and thin , and often sprinkled with Particles of Blood , but in the Process of the Disease 't is more and more concocted and mixt with Blood ; the Feaver in the mean while keeps the same Pace , and is helpt on by those Symptoms that proceed from it , and the said Feaver with all its ill Train ( viz. The Cough , the Spitting of Blood , the Pain , and the like ) is gradually lessened , according to the Degree of the free Expectoration of the Morbisick Matter . But the Matter occasioning this Disease , does not always in the Process of it attain the Concoction that is due to Expectoration ; for it often happens , that the Matter spit up is yet little and thin , as at the beginning of the Disease ; and consequently the Feaver and other Symptoms do not at all remit till they have destroyed the Sick. In the mean while he is sometimes bound in his Body , and sometimes too loose , the Stools being frequent and very liquid ; it sometimes happens when the Disease is very high , and Bleeding has not been used , the Patient is not able to Cough , but labouring under a great difficulty of breathing , is in a manner suffocated by the Violence of the Inflammation ; which is sometimes so very great that he can't open his Breast large enough for Respiration , without exquisite Pain . And sometimes after a violent Inflammation , and when Bleeding has been ommitted which ought to have been used at the Beginning of the Disease , an Imposthume is presently occasioned , and the Cavity of the Breast is filled with Matter ; in which case tho the Original Feaver either wholly ceases , or is at least lessened , yet the Patient is not out of Danger , for an Empyema or an Hectick Feaver following , the Poor Wretch dies Consumptive . But now though a Pleurisie commonly takes its rise from the proper and specifick Inflammation of the Blood , which is wont to produce it when it is an Original Disease . Yet it comes sometimes accidentally upon other Feavers , of what kind soever they be , from a Precipitation of the Febrile Matter upon the Pleura , or intercostal Muscles , and it happens for the most Part at the very beginning of the Feaver ; the Febrile Matter being as yet crude , and not subdued by a fit Ebullition , and so not prepared for a due Separation ; but this Inconvenience most commonly arises from an unseasonable and preposterous use of hot Medicines . For Nature being disturbed by this means , is forced to expel the Humour , as yet crude by any Way ; and so sometimes the Feaverish Matter is impetuously cast upon the Meninges of the Brain , and then a Frenzy is occasioned ; and sometimes upon the Membrane covering the Ribs , and from thence a Pleurisie arises ; especially when the Age and Temperament of the Patient , and the Season of the Year , betwixt Spring and Summer contribute to it . For certainly at that Season Feavers are prone to turn to Pleurisies . Though this Disease has an ill Name , and is of it self more dangerous than any other , yet if it be well managed it is easily cured , and indeed as certainly as other Diseases . As to the Cure , as soon as I am called , I order that ten ounces of Blood be taken away from the Arm of the Side affected ; and afterwards , I prescribe the following Potion to be taken presently after Bleeding . Take of Erratick Poppy-water four Ounces , of Sal Prunella one dram , of Syrup of Violets one ounce , mingle them , make a Draught . At the same time I prescribe the following Emulsion . Take of sweet Almonds number seven , of the Seeds of Melons , and Pompions , each half an ounce , of the Seeds of white Poppies two drams , beat them together in a marble Mortar , pouring gently upon them a Pint and an half of Barley-water , of Rose-water two drams , of Sugar-candy half an ounce , mingle them , make an Emulsion , give four ounces every fourth Hour . I also order Pectorals to be taken frequently : For instance , Take , of the Pectoral Decoction a quart , of Syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; mingle them , make an Apozem ; let him take half a pint thrice a day . Take of the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds two Ounces , of Syrup of Violets , and Maiden-hair , each one ounce ; of Sugar-candy half a dram ; mingle them , make a Linctus , of which let the Patient lick often in a day . Oyl of Almonds by it self , or Oyl of Flax-seeds , is often used with good Success . As to Diet , I forbid the use of all Flesh , and all Broths of it , though never so thin : I advise that the Patient be fed with Oaten and Barly-Broths and Panada , and let him drink of a Ptysan made of Barly-water , with the Roots of Sorrel and Liquorish , and the like , and sometimes Small-beer . Moreover , I prescribe the following Oyntment . Take of the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds two ounces , of the Oyntment of Marsh-mallows and Pomatum each one ounce ; mingle them , make a Liniment , with which anoint the affected side Morning and Evening , applying upon it a Cabbage-leaf . I also order he should persist in the use of the said Remedies through the whole Course of the Disease . Of the same day I am first called ; if the Pain be very violent , I take away again the same quantity of Blood , or else the day following , and so the third day ; and after this manner four times one day after another ( unless the Patient be well before ) when the Pain and other Symptoms rage violently ; but if the Disease , being more moderate and less dangerous , permits me to proceed more gently ; or if the Patient , being weak , cannot well bear Bleeding so often , I do not repeat it again after it has been twice used , till a day or two be past betwixt each Bleeding . I have seldom observed , that a confirmed Pleurisie has been cured in grown People with less than the loss of forty Ounces of Blood , or thereabout ; though in Children , once or twice Bleeding is most commonly sufficient ; nor does the Diarhea , which sometimes comes upon this Disease , hinder the foresaid repeated Bleeding ; for indeed it may be soon stopt by this very Method , without any Astringent Medicine : But I either wholly omit Glisters , or take care that they be injected at as great a distance as may be betwixt the Bleedings ; and they should be only made of Milk and Sugar . All the time of the Disease , I take care that the Patient be not over-heated , and therefore I give leave that he be taken every day out of his Bed , and that he keep up some hours according to his Strength ; which is of so great moment in this kind of Disease , that if the Patient be kept continually in Bed , neither this so large Evacuation of Blood , nor other Remedies , how cooling soever , will sometimes do any good for the taking off the said Symptoms . Presently after the last Bleeding , unless perchance it happens before that all the Symptoms abate , and that the Patient ( who has been kept hitherto for some days from all Spirituous Liquors and Strong Nourishment ) soon recovers his Strength , it will be convenient to give a gentle Purge . But now if any one should say , That proceeding in this way , we scarce touch upon Expectoration , so far are we from discoursing largely of the ways by which it is to be promoted , through the various Seasons of the Disease , he is to know that these things were not unwarily past over : But after good consideration designedly neglected ; for I always thought that they were in very great danger , who committed the Cure of this Disease to Expectoration ; for it often happens that part of the Morbifick Matter being concocted , and perhaps spit up , the rest remains crude ; the best maturating and expectorating Medicines having been used in vain ; for sometimes the Expectoration goes on very well , and sometimes is wholly suppressed . The Patient in the mean while being in Jeopardy on every hand , and for any power I have over Expectoration , which indeed is none at all , may be adjudged for Life or Death ; whereas on the contrary by Bleeding , the Morbifick Matter is in my power , and the Orifice of the Vein may supply the use of the Aspera arteria ; for I confidently assert , that this Disease , which if it be treated by the Method we have spoken against , is deservedly reckon'd among the most dangerous , may be as certainly and as safely cured , by the Method I have now prescribed , as any other Disease whatever ; nor could I ever find the least Injury befall any one by so large an Evacuation of Blood , though unskilful People think otherwise ; but for as much as the Cure of this Disease almost wholly consists in Bleeding repeated , which being performed in places far distant from populous Towns by unskilful Surgeons and Farriers , Poor People are often in danger of losing their Arms , and their Lives are hazarded by the Pricking of a Tendon . I thought sit to add here the Cure of such Punctures when they happen : They whose Tendons are prick'd do not presently perceive a Pain , but twelve Hours after Bleeding they complain of it , not so much in the Orifice lately made , as in the Parts tending to the Arm-pits , where at length the Pain fixes , and is chiefly perceived when the Arm is extended : But the part hurt has no great Swelling , that scarce exceeding the bigness of a Hazel-nut ; an Ichor continually distills from the Orifice , which is the chief sign of a Puncture of a Tendon , I have known it cured in the following manner . Take of the Roots of white Lillies four ounces ; boil them till they are soft in a quart of Cows Milk ; then take of Oat-meal , and of the Meal of Flax-seeds , each three ounces , boil the Meal to the consistence of a Pultis , in a sufficient quantity of the Milk strained from the aforesaid Roots , and mingle the Roots mash'd ; make a Cataplasm , apply it hot Morning and Evening to the part affected . CHAP. LVI . Of a Peripneumonia . A Peripneumonia is an Inflammation of the Lungs , with an acute Feaver , a Cough , and a difficulty of Breathing : They that have this Disease perceive a great Inflammation in the Breast , with a Swelling of the Lungs , and sometimes a pricking Pain ; they labour for Breath , and Breath is short ; the Feaver is accompanied with great Thirst , Watchings , and a troublesom Cough , and the Spi●tle Bloody , or streaked with Blood. The formal reason , and the conjunct cause of a Peripneumonia , consist in the Febrile Effervescence of the Blood , together with the Stopage of it in the narrow passages of the Lungs , which occasions an Inflammation there . It is observed that a Peripneumonia frequently follows , or comes upon a Pleurisie , or succeeds a Quinsie . As to the Prognosticks of this Disease , common Experience does attest , that 't is a very dangerous Disease ; for many either dye of it , or very difficultly recover Health ; and this is manifest from its Aetiology ; for a Wound with a great Extravasation or Stagnation of Blood made in the Lungs , is very difficultly cured , and the affected place is never restored to its Pristine State. The Prognostick Signs which are of chiefest note , are taken from appearance of the Symptoms , and from the nature of things evacuated , and from the degrees of Strength . A Peripneumonia coming upon a Pleurisie or Quinsie , most commonly is worse than when it comes of it self , or succeeds either of them . But if upon this Disease , after what manner soever begun , an acute Feaver presently follows , with great Thirst , Watchings , and an Orthopnoea ; it is ill , and yet much worse , if a Delirium , or Phrensie , or Convulsive Motions , or an Hemiplegia come upon it . Moreover , The Patient is as much indangered if he be very Short-breathed , if he be troubled with Vomiting , or frequent Swooning away , a weak Pulse , or cold Sweats : For while these Symptoms are urgent , the Obstruction of the Blood in the Lungs is not at all removed , nothing is digested or spit up ; but the Circulation of the Blood being more and more obstructed , and its Accension by Respiration hindred , the Animal Spirits are much disordered ; so that at length the Strength is quite spent , and the Vital Flame extinguished . As to the Prognosticks from things evacuated , we observe a Peripneumonia to be dangerous when nothing is spit up ; Next to this , when the Spittle is thin and crude , mixed with Blood ; it 's far better when the Spittle is yellow and thick , streaked with a little Blood. The Urine being yellow from the beginning , and of a good Consistence , with a cloud in the midst , shews that almost all the Impurities are lodged in the place affected ; when from that state it is changed into a thick and turbid Urine , it shews that the Morbifick Matter is resorbed from that part into the Blood : But if such kind of Urine be suddenly changed into a thin one , then a Delirium , or Death it self , is at hand . Much Sweat , and plenty of Urine , a Diarrhaea , Bleeding at Nose ; the Flux of the Courses , or of the Hemorrhoids , are good Signs in this Disease ; yea , any of these Evacuations happening seasonably , do frequently discharge the Disease . The condition of Strength is ever of great Moment in making a due Prognostick in this Disease ; for oftentimes when there be dreadful Symptoms , as a violent Feaver , a difficulty of Breathing , with a Cough , Watchings , and other ill Signs , if the Pulse be as yet strong , and the Animal Spirits vigorous , there is more hope of the Patient , than when these things are more sedate , if the Pulse be weak , and the Spirits torpid and oppress'd . The first Indication of Cure in a Peripneumonia , is , That the Blood impacted in the Vessels of the Lungs , and causing Obstruction and Inflammation , may be discussed from thence , and restored to its wonted Circulation ; but if it cannot be done , the second Indication will be , that the Matter be duly digested , or suppurated , and presently spit up . While the former Indication prevails , the Intentions of Healing may be these following : First , That the more plentiful Flux of Blood to the part affected be prevented : Secondly , We must endeavour that the Blood stagnating or extravasated in the Lungs , be resorbed again by the Veins into the rest of the Mass , and restored to Circulation : And that it may be the better done , the Blood ought thirdly to be freed from its Clamminess whereby its Fluidity is hindred . Fourthly , We must take care of the most urgent Symptoms , viz. The Feaver , Cough , Watchings , and difficulty of Breathing : But if notwithstanding all these things , the other Indication shall come into use ; it will be requisite to prescribe maturating and expectorating Medicines vulgarly so called , together with these Remedies just mentioned . That we may answer the first and second Intention together , Bleeding is for the most part requisite in every Peripneumonia , yea , sometimes it ought to be frequently repeated ; for the Vessels being emptied of Blood , do not only withdraw the Nourishment of the Disease , but do often resorbe the Matter impacted in the part affected : Wherefore if Strength remain , and the Pulse be strong enough , large Bleeding is convenient at the very beginning ; but otherwise let it be used in a small quantity ; which however may be repeated as occasion offers it self . It is to be noted , that Blood drawn in a Peripneumonia , and also in a Pleurisie , after it 's cold , contains in its Superficies a small viscous and discoloured Film . Moreover , we may observe one while the Blood entirely bad , another while only part of it is subject to this change ; for when the Blood is received in three or four Dishes , sometimes in all , but oftner in the second and third Dish , it is apparently bad , and in the first and last good enough . Wherefore it is commonly ordered , that the Blood is always to run so long , till that which is so depraved begins to come forth ; and if there be sufficient Strength , the flowing out is to be continued till it runs good again : Indeed as frequent Experience does approve of this Practice , so doth Reason it self ; for in this Disease , seeing the whole Mass of Blood does not presently acquire that Clamminess , the depraved Portions are chiefly accumulated about the place of the Obstruction , and adhere on every side in the lesser Vessels ; wherefore the Blood first flowing out by Phlebotomy is often good : Afterwards , the Vessels being emptied , receive the other Morbifick Stagnating before , and restore it to Circulation ; and when Portions of it placed near , troop together to the Orifice of the Vein , they flow out together ; and after that the corrupted Blood hath flowed out , the residue more pure doth succeed . Wherefore in this case , let Incision be ever made with a large Orifice , and let the Blood be drawn out with a large and continued Stream ; for otherwise , if in the midst of Bleeding , the bad Blood issuing out , the Orifice ( as the Manner of some is , that the Spirits should not faint ) be closed with the Finger ; when it is opened again , the pure Blood will flow next , but the bad sliding by , if there be any remaining , will not presently return to that Orifice . Besides Phlebotomy , many other Remedies , namely , whatever does repress that Urgency of Blood , and empty the Passages thereof , are to be used , wherefore a very thin Diet is prescribed , for the most part meerly of Barley and Oats ; and though Catharticks are altogether prohibited , because they disquiet the Blood , and hurry it impetuously upon the Part affected , yet Glisters which gently loosen the Belly , and draw the Impurities of the Blood towards the Belly , ought to be daily used . Moreover Juleps , and temperating Apozems which restrain the Feaver of the Blood , and evacuate the Superfluous Sorosities of it , and gently open the Passages of the Breast , are used with good Success . The third Intention of Healing which respects the taking off the Clamminess or Obstructing Viscosity of the Blood , is wholly to be performed by Remedies , which unloose the Frame thereof too much bound , and dissolve the Combinations of the Salts , as testaceous Powders , the Tooth of a Boar , the Jaws of a Pike , and other things indued with an Alkali Salt , also Sal-prunella . I have frequently known the Spirit of Sal-Armoniack , and Harts-horn to have yielded notable Relief in this Disease , and the Infusion of Horse-dung , by reason of its volatile Salt is of great use , though it be a common Remedy . As to the Symptoms and their Cure , very many Remedies appropriated to these , fall in together with the former , for against the Feaver the same Juleps and Apozems , which appease the Heat of the Blood , and withall recreate the Animal Spirits are to be used ; to which , in respect of the Cough and Difficulty of breathing , temperate pectoral Remedies are added . The greatest Difficulty is what ought to be exhibited against want of Sleep , when it is very urgent ; for Opiats because they further the Difficulty of breathing in this Disease , are scarce safely taken ; yea sometimes they are very pernicious ; wherefore Laudanum , and the strong Preparations of Opium , are to be shunned in a Peripneumonia , more than a Dog or a Snake . Nevertheless , Anodyns and gentle Hypnoticks , as Water and Syrup of Red Poppies are not only allowed , but are accounted Specifick Remedies in this Disease , and in a Pleurisie ; and sometimes it will be expedient to use Diacodiats , if the Strength be sufficient , and the Pulse strong enough ; for the Pain of the Breast , if at any time it be troublesome , it is necessary to apply Liniments , Fomentations , and Cataplasms . The second curative Indication which intends the Digestion of the Matter impacted in the Lungs , ( if it cannot be dispersed or resorbed , ) and to throw it up by Spittle requires ordinary , maturating , and expectorating Medicines that are temperate , such as asswage Thirst , and appease the Feaverish Heat . The more select Remedies , that are chiefly accommodated to this Disease shall be now mentioned . The Medicines conducing to the first and second Intention are prescribed according to the following Forms . Take of the Waters of Maries Thistle ten ounces , of red Poppies three ounces , of the Syrup of red Poppies one ounce , of Pearls prepared one dram , make a Julep . The Dose is six Spoonfuls every fourth Hour . Take of Black Cherry Water , of the Water of Carduus Benedictus , and of Baulm , each four ounces , of the Powder of Boars Tooth one dram , of Syrup of Violets ten drams , make a Julep to be taken after the same manner . Take of Grass-roots three ounces , Shavings of Ivory , and Harts-horn , each three drams ; Raisons stoned one ounce and an half , Liquorish two drams ; boil them in Spring Water , from three Pints to two ; to the strained Liquor add , Syrup of Violets one ounce , Sal-prunella one dram ; make an Apozem . Take three or four ounces thrice a Day , For the same Intention , viz. that the Vessels being emptied may substract the Nourishment of the Disease , or resorbe the morbifick Matter , Purging is prescribed by many . The Ancients in this Disease as in many other , used after Phlebotomy , Preparatives and Purgatives in a constant Course ; and of late the Chymists with greater Boldness give Vomits , and prefer them before all other Remedies in Peripneumonia ; yea neglecting or forbidding Bleeding , they chiefly depend on Stibiate Vomits , but I think there cannot be a more pernicious Course ; for though sometimes they do no hurt in rustick and robust Bodies , yet they are without Success ; but in tender Constitutions they are in a manner as destructive as Poison . But as to Purging , though it may not be convenient at the very Beginning , for indeed it 's then most commonly injurious , yet the Fluxion of the Morbifick Matter being stopt , and the Effervescence of the Blood being appeased , we may safely evacuate the Body with a lenitive Purge . Take of the Decoction of Senna gerionis four ounces , of Syrup of Roses solutive one ounce , mingle them , make a Potion . Or , Take of the best Senna three drams , of all the Cassia , and Tamarinds , each half an ounce ; of Coriander Seeds two drams , let them be boiled in a sufficient Quantity of Fountain Water to six ounces ; when it is strained add one ounce of Syrup of Violets ; let it be clarified with the white of an Egg , and give it . Purgatives are not always to be given , nor ever unadvisedly in this Disease , but Glisters are used frequently , and most commonly daily ; they must be gentle and emollient , such as easily move the Belly , without any great Agitation of the Humours or Blood ; for this purpose , Milk or Whey is often convenient , with brown Sugar , or Syrup of Violets . Or , Take of the Leaves of either Sort of Mallows , of Melilot and Mercury , each one handful ; of Linseed , and sweet Fennel-seeds , each half an ounce ; of sweet Prunes Number six ; boil them in a sufficient Quantity of Spring water to a Pint , to which add Syrup of Violets one ounce , Sugar ten drams , Sal Prunella one dram , make a Glister . Medicines for the third Intention , viz. for dissolving the Clamminess of the Blood , are wont to be administred in the Form of a Powder , of a Spirit , or a Potion , according to the Manner following . 1. Powders . Take of Crabs-eyes two drams , of Sal prunella one dram and an half , of pearled Sugar one dram , make a Powder for six Doses , one to be taken every Sixth Hour , with a proper Julep or Apozem . Or , Take of the Tusk of a Boar , of the Jaw of a Pike , or of Crabs-eyes , each one Dram and an half ; of the Flowers of Sal Armoniack , of the Powder of red Poppy Flowers , each half a dram ; mix them for four Doses , 2. Spirits and Chymical Liquors . Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniack distil'd with Olibanum three drams , the dose is from fifteen drops to twenty , thrice a day . Or , Take of the Spirit of Vrine , or Soot , after the same manner . Take of the sweet Spirit of Nitre three drams , the dose it from six drops to ten . 3. Potions . Take of Carduus-water one Pint , fresh Horse-dung three ounces , dissolve it warm , and filter it ; the dose is three or four ounces twice or thrice a day ; add half an ounce of Syrup of Violets , or of red Poppies . Or , Take of the Leaves of Dandelion two handfuls bruised , and infused in half a Pint of the Water of Maries Thistle , Treacle-water half an ounce , press them out , add Powder of Crabs-eyes one dram ; take four or six Spoonfuls thrice a day . The fourth Intention of Healing in respect of the Symptoms greatly urging , does suggest divers Sorts of Operations . First , in respect of the Feaver , the Juleps and Apozems above prescribed are convenient . Moreover the Use of Sal-prunella ought to be frequent . Secondly , for the Cough and difficulty of Breathing , Lambatives and Decoctions , or Pectoral Juleps are administred with Success . Take of the Syrups of Jujubes , and Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; of Syrup of Violets one ounce , Flowers of Nitre one Scruple , make a Linctus to be lick'd now and then . Take of Syrup of Marsh-mallows one ounce , of Diacodium , and of Syrup of red-poppies , each half an ounce ; Powder of Crabs-eyes two Scruples , make a Linctus to be taken the same Way . Take of the Syrups of Hyssop , and Liquorish , each one ounce and an half ; of the Powder of red-poppy Flowers one Scruple , of Crabs-eyes one dram , of the Lohoch of the Pine six drams , make a Lohoch , take the Quantity of a Nutmeg four times , or oftner in a Day . Take of the Roots of Grass , Chervil , Marsh-mallows , each one ounce ; Figs Number four , Jujubs , and Sebastines , of each Number six ; Raisins one ounce , Liquorish three drams , Barley half an ounce , boil them in three Pints of Spring-water to a Quart , strain them , the Dose is three or four ounces . Take of Raisins stoned one ounce and an half , Filberds number four , of Liquorish sliced three drams , of Hyssop Water one Pint and an half , infuse them warm in a close Vessel six Hours , strain them , and add one ounce and an half of Syrup of Marsh-mallows , make a Julep ; the dose is three or four Spoonfuls often in a day , swallowing it by degrees . Thirdly , Against Watching . Take of Red-poppy water three ounces , of Syrup of the same six drams , of Epidemick-water two drams , make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time . If the Pulse be strong , and the Strength remains . Take of Cowslip Water three ounces , of Diacodium half an , ounce , make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time . Fourthly , If the Pain be much about the Place affected . Take of Oyntment of Marsh-mallows two ounces , of Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce and an half , mingle them , make a Liniment to be applyed with thin Paper . Fifthly , For the last Intention of healing , ( which assisting the Secundary Indication prescribes Medicines maturating , and expectorating ) the following Forms are convenient . Take of Linseed Oyl fresh drawn three ounces , Syrup of Violets two ounces , of Hissop water half a Pint , mingle them in a Glass , take two or three ounces twice or thrice a day , shaking the Glass first . Take of Olibanum powdered one dram , put it into an Apple made hollow , roast the Apple in the Embers , let him eat it at Bed-time , repeating it three or four times . Take of Oyl of Almonds fresh drawn , of Syrup of Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; Sugar-candy , two drams , stir them in a glass Mortar till they are perfectly mixed , make a Linctus to be taken often in a day with a Liquorish Stick , also let a Spoonful be taken thrice a day in a Draught of Posset drink . It would be easie to produce many Observations of Peripneumonick Patients , but seeing the Type of the Disease , and the Reasons of the Symptoms , are in all almost the same , it will be sufficient to mention only one or two ; and while I was writing these Things , I was sent for to a Patient very Sick of a Peripneumonia , he was about fifty Years old , lean and cholerick , he fell into a Feaver by taking Cold , he was troubled with a Cough , a pain in the Breast , and a Difficulty of Breathing , when he had continued thus four days without any Remedy or Physical Administration , I found him in a great Feaver , with Thirst , and a great Inflammation in the Breast , breathing very difficultly and painfully , and ratling , insomuch that he seemed in the Agony of Death ; but because his Pulse was strong enough , though quick and disturbed , I presently ordered him to be blooded , and that eight or ten ounces of Blood should be taken away , and seeing he was little relieved after three Hours Intermission , a Glister being first administred I ordered twelve ounces more of Blood to be taken away ; moreover I prescribed Spirit of Harts horn , twelve drops of it to be given every sixth Hour with a proper Julep , and between I ordered a Dose of the following powder to be administred , Take Powder of Crabs-eyes , and Sal-prunella , each one dram and an half ; of Pearl one dram , Sugar-candy two scruples ; make a Powder to be divided into eight Doses . Moreover , he took as often as he pleased a Draught of a pectoral Apozem ; by the use of these within three hours all the Symptoms began to abate , and the Night after he sweated and slept a little ; the day after I repeated Phlebotomy , and then continuing the same Remedies , he recovered in four or five Days ; the Blood we took from him was always in the Superficies viscous and discoloured . A certain Gentleman of a Sanguine Complexion , and of a strong Habit of Body , after immoderate drinking of Wine , fell into a Feaver with a grievous Peripneumonia , so that Heat and Thirst mightily afflicting him , sitting always upright in his Bed or Chair , and breathing short and very frequent , he could scarce draw in Air enough to sustain the vital Flame ; because he could not undergo large Bleeding , I took it away by degrees , twice or thrice day after day ; Glisters were often injected . Moreover , Apozems , and Juleps , also Spirit of Sal-armoniack , and Testacious Powders were given by turns ; within four or five days the Feaver some what abated , also he began to breath better , and sometimes to sleep a little ; yet he did always complain of a great Heaviness of his Breast , and of an intolerable Oppression of the Lungs ; wherefore when Bleeding was no longer safe , I applied very large Blisters to the Arms and Thighs ; the Blisters on his Arms soon dried up , but those on his Legs did not only remain open , but after five or six days did run very much , and afterwards almost for a Month daily discharged great Plenty of a sharp Ichor ; in the mean time his Lungs sensibly amended , and at length were freed of their Burden . Lastly , The little Sores raised by the Blisters were difficultly cured , and not without frequent Applications of Medicines . CHAP. LVII . Of a Bastard Peripneumonia . A Feaver accompanied with many Peripneumonick Symptoms , invades yearly about the beginning of Winter , but oftner at the End of it ; it chiefly seizes those that are of a gross Habit of Body , and middle aged , or ( which oftner happens ) those that are older , and too much addicted to Spirituous Liquors , especially to Brandy ; for when the Blood in such Men has been burdened with Flegmatick Humours , heapt up in the Winter , and stirr'd into a new Motion by the approaching Spring , a Cough is presently occasioned by this Means , by which the said Flegmatick Humous rush upon the Lungs ; at which time , if the Patient chance to live irregularly , and continues to drink freely such spirituous Liquors , the Matter growing almost thick , which occasioned the Cough , stops the Passages of the Lungs , and the Feaver consumes the Mass of Blood : At the beginning of the Feaver , the Patient is sometimes hot and sometimes cold , is giddy , ond complains of a launcing Pain of his Head ; when the Cough is violent , he vomits up all liquid things when he coughs , and sometimes when he does not ; the Urin is turpid and very red ; the Blood taken away is like that of Pleuriticks ; he is often short breath'd : If he cough , his Head akes just as if it were cleft in Pieces ( for so the Patient terms it ) there is a Pain of the whole Breast , or at least a Pressure of the Lungs , which is perceived by the Standers by when the Patient coughs ; the Lungs not sufficiently dilating themselves , the vital Passages are as it seems shut up by the Swelling , and the Circulation on that Account is so intercepted , and the Blood so stopt , that there are no Signs of a Feaver , though this may also happen by reason of the Plenty of the Flegmatick Matter , by which the Blood is so burdened , that it cannot rise to a perfect Ebullition , especially in gross Bodies . In curing this Feaver I count I am oblidged to take away that Blood by Phlebotomy , which occasions the Suffocation and Inflammation of the Lungs , and to ventilate and open the Lungs with Pectoral Remedies , and to mitigate the Heat of the whole Body with a cooling Diet : but whereas on the one hand the Heap of Flegmatick Matter contained in the Veins daily supplying Matter for the Inflammation of the Lungs , may seem to indicate Bleeding often repeated ; yet on the other hand I found by the best Observation I could make , that Bleeding often repeated , has succeded very ill in Feavorish People of a gross Habit of Body , especially if they have passed the Flower of their Age , and therefore I forbore the Repetition of it ; and instead of it , used frequent Purging , which is well enough substituted for it , in those that abhor large and often repeated Bleeding . Therefore I proceeded after this manner : I ordered that the Patient should be blooded in the Arm lying in Bed , and that he should not rise till two or three Hours after ; for all Blood letting somewhat weakning and disordering the whole Body , may by this means the easier be born ; for the Patient lying a Bed can better bear the taking away of ten ounces , than of six or Seaven when he is up ; the next day I give the following Potion in the Morning . Take of Cassia extracted one ounce , of Liquorish two drams , of fat Figs number four , of the Leaves of Senna two drams and an half , of Agarick trochiscated one dram , boil them in a sufficient Quantity of Water , in four ounces of the strained Liquor dissolve one ounce of Manna , of Syrup of Roses solutive half an ounce , mingle them , make a Potion . The next day I used to bleed a second time ; and the next day save one , I order the Purging Potion above prescribed , to be repeated , and to be given every other day till the Patient is quite well ; when the Patient does not purge , I advise him to use a pectoral Decoction , and Oyl of sweet Almonds , and the like . I forbid the use of Flesh , and the Broth of it , but especially of all spirituous Liquors ; in the stead of which I allow him for his ordinary drink a Ptisan of Barley and Liquorish , and small Beer , if he desire it . And indeed , the Bastard Peripneumonia occasioned by a great deal of Flegmatick Filth heapt up in the Blood , is to be cured by Bleeding repeated , and by Purging . Though this Bastard Peripneumonia is something like a dry Asthma , both as to Difficulty of Breathing , and some other Symptoms ; yet it is sufficiently distinguished from it ; for in this there are manifest Signs of a Feaver , and Inflammation , which never appear in that , though in this kind they are much less and obscurer than those which accompany a true Peripneumonia . But you must carefully observe , that 't is by no means safe to forbid the drinking of Spirit of Wine , and such Liquors all of a sudden , when the Patient has been a while addicted to them , but they must be left off Gradually ; for there is Danger of a Dropsie from an hasty and abrupt Change , which ought to be observed in all Diseases that come on this Occasion ; and seeing there has been Mention made of Spirit of Wine , I will say by the by , that indeed it ought to be wished that they were either wholly prohibited , or at least used for refreshing the Spirits , and not for extinguishing them ; or that the internal use of them was wholly abdicated , and that they should be only used by Surgeons , in Fomentations to digest Ulcers , or to be applied to Burns , in which Case they are better than any other Medicine yet found out , for they defend the under Skin from Putrefaction , and so soon perform the Cure ( not waiting for Digestion , which requires a considerable Time ) if a Rag dipt in Spirit of Wine be presently applyed to the Part hurt , with Scalding Water , Gunpowder , or the like , and moistned with the foresaid Spirit now and then , till the Pain from the Fire be quite gone , and afterwards only twice a day . CHAP. LVIII . Of an Empyema . AN Empyema is a Collection of Matter within the Cavity of the Breast , whereby the Organs of Respiration are oppressed . This Collection of Matter is occasioned either by a Pleurisie , Peripneumonia , or Angina , suppurated and broken . The Signs of an Empyema , either shew it is coming , or that it is already perfectly formed . Of the former kind are these Diseases going before , from whence this usually arises , as a Pleurisie , Peripneumonia , and Angina ; and sometimes also a Bruise or Wound in the Breast , and sometimes also other Diseases not well carried off ; from whence there will be a greater Suspicion of an Empyema , if after a Week or two passed without plentiful Spitting , Shaking and a Feaver , and Faintness of the Spirits supervene ; and then after fourteen or twenty Days , the Signs of a confirmed Empyema will appear , viz. Difficulty of Breathing , a Weight upon the Breast , Fluctuation of the Matter , an uneasiness from Motion , Thirst , and almost always a small Feaver , Redness of the Cheeks , Restlesness , and Watching . As to the Cure of an Empyema , you must first consider whether the Signs of its being already made be certain or dubious ; in the former Case there is not much use of Medicines ; but the Body being well prepared , we must presently open the Side ; wherefore if from a Pleurisie , or a Peripneumonia not well cured , or if by reason of Blood extravasated by a Blow , a Fall , or Wound , a Fluctuation of Pus , of Purulent or Bloody Matter be perceived , and the Spittle lessened , or none at all , it is to no purpose to wast Time in using expectorating and maturating Medicines ; but having loosned the Belly , and attemperated the Blood and Humours , by Juleps , Apozems , and Anodyns , an Aperrion must be undertaken , either by the Knife , or in tender and timerous People by applying a Caustick betwixt the sixth or seventh Vertebra ; and when the Eschar is made , we must divide it gently with a Knife , and pass the Knife gently into the Cavity of the Breast ; then having put in a Silver Pipe , the Matter must be evacuated by degrees ; but it must be let out as hastily as the Strength of the Patient will permit ; for that which remains within , will stink horridly in a few days ; to prevent which a cleaning and Traumatick Liquor must be injected , with a Syringe twice or thrice a day . It is not necessary to describe particularly the Manner of the Operation , it being well known , and often practiced by skilful Chirurgions , and daily practiced . After it is cut open and dressed as it ought to be , there is little more to be done by the Physician . An exact Course of Diet , a frequent Loosning of the Belly ( so oft as there is Occasion ) by Glisters , and also these Remedies , which are Vulgarly called Traumatick , which do hinder the Dissolution of the Blood , and keeps the Seresities of it from falling upon the Breast to hurt it , ought to be prescribed . But if the Signs of this Disease are uncertain , or altogether doubtful , the Breast ought not to be opened too soon or rashly . I have known some have their Breasts opened to no purpose , when they have spit stinking Pus , and they have also laboured under a Dyspnaea , and a Difficulty of Breathing ; therefore when an Empyema is not evident by Pathognomick Signs , Medicines ( such as are prescribed for the Cure of a Peripneumonia ) which help Expectoration , and evacuate gently by Sweat and Urine , ought to be used for some time : If these do not any Good , and the Empyema still remains , or Augments , then the Breast must be opened . As to the Forms of the Medicines requisite for the Cure of an Empyema before Section , the same Remedies which were prescribed for a Peripneumonia , are to be used : but after the opening of the Breast the following are chiefly to be used . To prevent Fainting which may happen either in the Operation or after it , the following Julep must be in Readiness , and four or five Spoonfuls of it must be taken upon occasion . Take of the Waters of Balm , and Black Cherries , each six ounces ; of Aqua-mirabilis one ounce , of Pearl powdered one dram , of Syrup of Gilly-flowers one ounce , mingle them , make a Julep . The following Decoction must be taken twice or thrice in a day . Take of the Leaves of Harts-tongue , Speedwell , Hemp , Agrimony , Colts-foot , Mouse-ear , Sanicle , each one handful ; of the Roots of Madder , and Chervil , each one ounce ; of Barley half an ounce , of red Cicers half an ounce , Raisons of the Sun one ounce and an half ; boil them in two Quarts of Fountain-water till half is consumed , sweeten it with Clarified Honey , or with the Syrup of Mouse-ear as it is taken . If there be no Feaver the following Pills may be used . Take of the Powders of Crabs-eyes two drams , of Flowers of Sulphur one dram , of Sal-Prunella half a dram , of the Species Diarrhodon-abbatis one Scruple , of venice Turpentine washed a sufficient quantity ; make a Mass , make small Pills , take a Scruple or half a dram of them Morning and Evening ; or the Turpentine being omitted , half a dram or two Scruples may be taken in the Form of a Powder twice a Day . CHAP. LIX . Of a Consumption . A Phthysis in general , is a Consumption of the Muscular Parts of the Body : It is twofold , either Original or Sympromatick . There are two Species of the original Phthysis , viz. Atrophia , and a Consumption of the Lungs . An Atrophia is twofold , viz. Either Nervous , or arising from Inanition . A Symptomatick Phthysis is occasioned by other Diseases going before . An Atrophy , or Nervous Phthysis , is a Consumption of the whole Body , without any considerable Feaver , Cough , or difficulty of Breathing , but loss of Appetite and Indigestion accompany it ; upon which account Faintness , and a daily wasting of the Body follow . This sort of Consumption sometimes happens in England , but very often to the Inhabitants of Virginia , when they return hither . In the beginning of this Disease , the Body appears Oedematous , the Face Pale and Squalid , and the Stomach nauseates every thing but Liquors ; and the Strength is so languid , that the Sick , before the Fleshy parts are evidently consumed , is rendred so very Weak , that he cannot keep from Bed , the colour of the Urine is most commonly of a deep Red , and very little in quantity , though sometimetimes ( but rarely , as it is wont to happen in Diseases of the Nerves ) it is pale , and voided in a great quantity ; but no considerable Feaver can be discerned , either by the Pulse , Drouth , or Heat , how high-coloured soever the Urine is ; so that the Pathognomonick Signs of this Consumption beginning , are Faintness and want of Appetite , without any notable Feaver , Cough , or short Breath ; though in progress of the Disease , when the habit of the Body is wasted , some difficulty of Breathing ( as is usual in all that are Faint ) may be perceived . This Disease is very difficultly cured , if the Physician be not made use of at first ; it ends in an Hydropical and Oedematous Tumour of the Body , especially of the lower parts , and then the Disease is past all hope . The main of the business must be performed by Stomachick Medicines , and such as strengthen the Nerves , such are Chalybeats , Antiscorbuticks , and Cephalicks , and bitter things of every kind : For Instance , Let the Sick take , if his Body be bound , four Ounces of the bitter Decoction with Senna , and every fourth night two Ounces of Tinctura Sacra , or of the Tinctura of Hiera Picra , made in the Waters of Rue , Black Cherries , Compound Peony . In his ordinary Drink , hang a Bag of Cephalicks , and Antiscorbuticks ; an hour before Dinner let him take half a Dram of Elixir Proprietatis in a Draught of Whitewine , wherein Wormwood has been infused : Apply to the Region of the Stomach the Magisterial Stomachick Plaister , with a few drops of the Chymical Oyl of Cinnamon and Wormwood ; or foment the Stomach daily with Aromatick Bags , made of the Leaves of Mint and Wormwood , Cinnamon , Mace , Zedoary , Galingal , Cyperus , and Sweet-smelling Flag , and boil'd in Claret : If it be Summer-time , let him drink Chalybeat Waters ; if Winter , Syrup of Steel or the Wine of it , made by quenching Filings of Steel in good Whitewine three or four times ; then by infusing in it Zedoary , Galingal , Nutmegs , sharp Cinnamon , Mace , Cubebs , and Cloves grosly beaten : But amongst Chalybeats , Mynsichts extract is thought the best , which must be given in the form of a Bole , or of Pills , for the space of twenty or thirty days . For Instance , Take of the Extract of Mynsicht half a scruple , Balsam of Gilead seven drops , of Haly's Powder six grains , of the Compound Powder of Wake-Robin four grains , of the Powder of Liquorish a sufficient quantity ; make Pills of an ordinary size , repeat them every day once . Opobalsamum by it self , as also Spirit of Harts-horn , and Spirit of Sal-armoniack , are very effectual in this case , because they are agreeable to the Nerves . For Instance , Let the Sick take eight or ten drops of Opobalsam , or of Spirit of Harts-horn , in a sufficient quantity of Sugar-candy . Let him endeavour to make himself Chearful by Exercise and Company ; for this Disease most commonly proceeds from Care and Sorrow ; and let him live in a good and open Air : And because the Stomach is chiefly affected in this Disease , he must eat a delicate sort of Meat , and not be too long accustomed to any one . The Consumption that proceeds from Innanition is next to be discoursed of ; and first , Of that which proceeds from an Hemorrhage , whither by the Nostrils , or from the Lungs by Coughing , or from the Jaws by Hawking , or from the Stomach by Vomit , or from the Reins by Urine , or from the Hemorrhoidal or Uterin Vessels in the customary monthly Purgation , or from hard Labour ; or lastly , from Wounds when there has been a great and long Flux of Blood. In this case the Hemorrhage must be first stopt by thickning Remedies , and by binding hard the extream parts ; and if there be occasion , and the Sick have Strength , Bleeding must be used frequently , but sparingly ; you must apply , if the part will admit of it , Galen's Stiptick Plaister , the Royal Stiptick Water , Oxycrat cold , Ink , Ashes of Hair a little burnt in a Retort , and with Vinegar made up in the form of a Cataplasm , true Bole , Dragons blood , and the like ; and they must be often renewed . Let the Sick take inwardly three or four times a day twenty or thirty drops , or more , of the Royal Stiptick-water , in a Draught of the Milk-water , and five or six Spoonfuls of the clarified Juices of Plantane and Nettles ; or let him take frequently in a Spoon the following Linctus . Take of Syrup of Purslain three ounces , of true Bole , Dragons blood , of the Troches of Spodium , and of sealed Earth , each two scruples ; of Japan Earth one dram , of Gum-Tragacanth a sufficient quantity dissolved in Plantane-water ; mingle them , make a Linctus . Or let him take thrice a day the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Electuary . Take of the Conserve of red Roses one ounce , of the Troches of Ambar three drams , of true Bole , and of Dragons blood , each half a dram ; with Syrup of Myrtles make an Electuary . Let him take also every night at Bed-time five or six Spoonfuls of the following Julep , shaking the Viol when he uses it . Take of Plantane-water six ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated three ounces , of distilled Vinegar half an ounce , of true Bole , and of Dragons blood , each half a dram ; of London Laudanum three grains , of Syrup of Myrtles one ounce and an half ; make a Julep . The Flux of Blood being stopt , we must endeavour by all means to raise the weak Blood with new and good Chyle , and to extinguish the Febrile Flame , if it be begun , least a Consumption should follow ; wherefore the Sick must be frequently nourished with good Broths , and variety of Meats that are full of Nourishment , and of easie Digestion , and pleasant to the Stomach ; but he must be sure to abstain from Wine , and from things salted and spiced ; and because this sort of Sick , and all other that are inclining to a Consumption , are subject to Anger , Sorrow , Oppressions of the Hypochonders , Hysterick Passions , and want of Appetite ; upon which account they can neither eat plentifully , nor digest well : They must endeavour to recreate themselves , and to take the Benefit of a wholsome and free Air , which most commonly does more good than Medicines . But if the Sick be Hectick , the Peruvian bark given freely is of admirable Vertue ; and if there be occasion the Sick must use a Milk Diet , or Chalybeat Waters ; but you must by no means Loosen the Body . A Consumption also often arises from a simple Gonorrhaea , and the Whites ; also from Imposthumes and large Ulcers , and also from giving Suck , from a Loosness and Dysentery , from a Diabetes , from Salivation , a Dropsie , violent Sweating , and the like . But a Consumption of the Lungs is the chief : The Cause in general of it , is an ill Disposition of the whole Mass of Blood , and of the Nervous Spirit , contracted by degrees by the various Procatarctick Causes , whereby the Acrid and Malignant Serum of the Blood separated by the soft and glandulous Paranchyma of the Lungs , stuffs and inflames them , and at last causes Ulcers , which is indeed the containing Cause of this Disease . The Procatarctick Causes are first , a Suppression of the usual and necessary Evacuations , as of the Courses , the Lochia , of old Ulcers , of Issues , of Sweat by the Soles of the Feet , and other parts of the Body , and the like , without correcting and removing the Causes on which they depend ; whereby the Blood is vitiated . Secondly , Great Passions of the Mind , especially Fear , Sorrow , Anger , deep Thinking , unseasonable and too hard Study , and the like . Thirdly , Eating and Drinking too much , and unseasonably , especially Drinking too much of Wine and Spirituous Liquors . Fourthly , Neglect of due Exercise . Fifthly , Long Watching . Sixthly , Marshy and gross Air , and Smoak of Coals . Seventhly , An Hereditary Disposition . Eighthly , An ill Conformation of the Breast . Ninthly , Contagion . Tenthly , Stones generated Preternaturally in the Lungs . Eleventhly , Particular Diseases which corrupt the Blood and Spirits . By these and such-like Procatarctick Causes , the Body being predisposed for a Consumption , the Disease takes its rise immediately from taking Cold. For the Cure of an original Consumption of the Lungs , Blood must be drawn from the Arm , especially if the Sick be Plethorick , or accustomed a long while to Blood-letting , and let six , seven , eight or ten Ounces be taken away . Secondly , It is requisite after Bleeding , especially if the Disease took its rise from a Surfet , or is accompanied with Nauseousness , or a Disposition to Vomiting , to give a gentle Vomit of Honey , or of Oxymel of Squills , and sometimes of the Vinum Benedictum in a moderate quantity : The Vomit , especially if the Sick bear it well , and if it be necessary , may be repeated three or four times at the distance of three or four days betwixt each Vomit : It is best to give the Vomit towards the Evening , the Sick being blooded the day before ; and at Bed-time after every Vomit you must give an Anodyn . Take of Honey of Squills half an ounce , give it in a Draught of Posset-drink , and repeat twice or thrice in an hour , if the Sick does not Vomit enough . This is proper for Children and young People . Take of Oxymel of Squills , and of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , each one ounce ; mingle them , let the Sick , take it in a large Draught of Posset-drink , and let it be repeated twice or thrice in an hour if there be occasion . Or , Take of Vinum Benedictum seven drams , Syrup of Violets two drams ; mix them and make a Potion for Vomiting . And , if it be needful , you may give of Oxymel of Squills and Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , each half an ounce , in a Draught of Posset-drink twice or thrice , in the Operation . Salt of Vitriol is not at all convenient in this case , because it irritates and pricks continually the Glandulous parts about the Jaws , and so promotes the Flux of the Serum , and increases the Cough . After the Vomit hath done working , give the following Opiat or the like . Take of the Pectoral Decoction clarified four ounces , of Tincture of Saffron two drams , of Helmont's liquid Laudanum fifteen drops , of Syrup of Violets two drams ; mingle them , make a Draught ; or you may give ten grains of the Pill of Hounds-tongue , or of Storax . Thirdly , It is convenient to Purge gently by Stool the Humours by Stomachick Purges , and the like , which the least agitate the Blood. For Instance , Take of choice Manna , and of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , each one ounce and an half , or two ounces ; dissolve them in a Pint of hot Ptisan ; let the Sick drink half in Bed , and the rest half an hour after when he is up . Or , Take of the best Senna two drams , of Cassia with the Canes broke , and of Tamarinds , each half an ounce ; of the Seeds of Coriander prepared half a dram ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain or Barnet water to eight ounces ; dissolve in it an ounce of Manna , and half a dram of Sal-prunella : Let the Sick take half in the Morning , and the rest half an hour afterwards . And every Night after Purging give an Opiate to asswage the Blood , and to quiet the Lungs , least a new Flux of Humours should fall upon the Lungs by the Agitation of the Blood occasioned by the Purge . For the same reason it is proper to mix some Opiate with Stomachick Purges to be taken at Bed Time. For Instance . Take of Aloes-rosat one scruple , or twenty five grains , of the Pills of Hounds-tongue half a Scruple ; mingle them make four Pills to be gilded , which are to be repeated every other Night after the Patient hath been blooded . These Pills are vulgarly called Pilulae Catarrhales by the Apothecaries ; for they do not only evacuate the Humours by Stool , but also hinder a new Flux of them to the Lungs . Or , Take of the Stomachick Pills , with Gums , Aleophagin of Mastich , or of Ambar , half a dram , or two scruples ; of London Laudanum one grain ; mingle them , make four Pills , gild them , and let them be taken every third Night for thrice . And if the Catarrh be very violent , and if a Difficulty of Breathing , or a straitness on the Breast does not arise from the Use of Opiates , an Opiat must be given every Night ; for at the beginning of this Disease nothing considerable can be done without them . Fourthly , In this State of the Disease , Diaphorecticks do much Good ; but you must take notice , that they must be never used before Bleeding , Vomiting and Purging , if they are necessary , and they must be always mixed with Opiates , and such must be chosen as are least hot . Take of venice-treacle half a dram or two scruples , of Conserve of old red Roses half a dram ; mingle them , make a Bolus . Or , Take of Diascordium , and conserve of Wood-sorrel , each one dram , make a Bolus . Or , Take of Matthew's Pill fifteen grains ; make two Pills , gild them , and let them be taken at bed-time . Or , Take of the Pill of Hounds-tongue twelve grains , of Diaphoretick Antimony one scruple , of Tincture of Saffron a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make four Pills . These Diaphoreticks must be taken at Bed-time , and great Care must be taken that the Sick does not take Cold after the use of them : Blisters must also be applyed to the Arms , and betwixt the Shoulders , and Pectoral Medicines must be used when the Sick does not Purge . Take of Oyl of sweet Almonds , of Syrup of Maiden-hair , of Jujubs , Violets , or of Marsh-mallows , each one ounce and an half ; of White Sugar-candy one dram and an half ; mingle them exactly , whereof let the Sick take a Spoonful every fourth Hour , drinking upon it four ounces of the following Apozem hot . Take of the Pectoral Decoction clarified one Pint and an half , of Tincture of Saffron extracted with treacle-water , of Syrup of Maiden-hair , Scabious , or of Jujubs , each one ounce ; mingle them , make an Apozem . If you desire to have a more thickning Linctus . Take of fresh Oyl of sweet Almonds , of Syrups of Comfrey , of red-poppies , of dried Roses , each one ounce and an half ; of Diacodium half an ounce , of Sugar of Roses one dram and an half ; mingle them , make a Linctus . If you wou'd have a more lubricating Linctus . Take of fresh Oyl of Flax extracted without Fire , of Syrup of Liquorish , and of Honey of Violets , one ounce and an half ; of white Sugar-candy one dram and an half , mingle them exactly , make a Linctus . If there be a Feaver , omit the Hissop and Tincture of Saffron ; if there be a Loosness , use the following . Take of the Lohoch of the Lungs of a Fox , of Colts-foot , and Purslain , each one ounce ; of Syrup of Jujubs , and Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; of Flowers of Sulphur two drams , of Tincture of Saffron half an ounce , of the Species Diatragacanth frigid , of Diamargit frigid , of the Powder of Haly , each one dram ; of Penediat Sugar half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Linctus . Take of Tacamahaca , of Balsam of Peru , each one Drain ; of the Ingredients for the Pectoral Decoction a sufficient quantity , boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain Water to a Pint and an half ; with the strained Liquor , and with a dram of each of the four Cold-seeds , with the Seeds of white Poppies , and of Henbane , each two drams ; and with eight Almonds blanched , make an Emulsion to be sweetned with Pendiat-Sugar . But if by reason of the Clamminess of the Flegm the Difficulty of Breathing is more than usual , the following Linctus must be prescribed . Take of the Lohoch of Raisons , and of Squills , each one ounce and an half ; of Syrup of Hedge-mustard , of Hyssop , and of Hore-hound , each one ounce and an half ; of the Species Diaireos , Diacalaminth , and the Flowers of Sulphur , each one Dram and an half ; Tincture of Saffron half an ounce , of white Sugar-candy six Drams ; mingle them , make a Linctus . And if this Symptom be very violent , a dram of pure Gum-ammoniack , and a dram and an half of Flowers of Benzoin may be added . And for these Intentions , Balsamick Medicines , with things that agglutinate are proper . For Instance , Take of the Pulp of the conserve of red Roses , and Wood-sorrel , each one ounce and an half ; of Olibanum three drams , of Opobalsam two scruples ; mingle them , make an Electuary , whereof let the Sick take the quantity of a Nutmeg thrice a day , drinking upon it four ounces of the following Apozem . Take of the Leaves of Millfoil , Mouse-car , Burnet , Dandelion , spotted Lungwort , Scabious , each one handful ; of the Flowers of St. John's-wort , Violets , the greater Daisy , red Poppies , each half an handful ; of Jujubs , and Dates , each six Pair ; of Saffron tied up in a Rag half a dram , of the Seeds of Annise , and Juniper-berries , each three drams ; infuse them , and boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water to three Pints , in the hot Liquor strained dissolve four ounces of Conserve of red Roses , which being added to the Apozem render it Balsamick and Pleasantly tasted ; strain it again , and add of the Syrups of Coral , and of Oak of Jerusalem , and of Maiden-hair , each one ounce , make an Apozem . Or instead of the foregoing Electuary the following may be substituted , Take of the Pulp of the conserve of red Roses two ounces , of the conserve of Hips one ounce , of the Powder of Haly one dram , of Lucatellus's Balsam half an ounce , of Balsamick Syrup a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make an Electuary to be taken as before . Let the Sick take often in a day one or two Spoonfuls of the Balsamick Syrup , which is very agreeable to the Stomach , and with every Dose of the Syrup , a scruple of the Balsam of Tolu made into small Pills , may be taken ; and every Night at Bed-time the Sick may take twenty five or thirty drops of Helmont's liquid Laudanum in a spoonful of Balsamick Syrup : When there are no other Medicines to be taken , and there is nothing contrindicates it , it is also very effectual to prescribe a dram of Flowers of Sulphur to be taken in a rear Egg , or Honey of Rosemary-flowers . If a Tickling Cough , by reason of the Acrimony and Thinness of the Humuor , issuing from the Windpipe and Bronchia , be very troublesome to the Patient , the following Tablets must be used . Take of the Pulp of the Roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce , Pearl-sugar , Gum-arabick , Tragacanth , white Starch , dissolved in Poppy-water , each two drams ; of Penediat Sugar dissolved in Rose-water a sufficient quantity ; make Tablets , each weighing a dram . But if the Cough continues long , and is violent , and will not yield to the foregoing Remedies , we must use Balsamicks . For Instance , Let the Sick take thrice a day three of the following Pills , in a spoonful or two of some proper Linctus . Take of the Powder of Millepedes prepared three drams , of Gum-ammoniack well purified one dram and an half , of the Flowers of Benzoin two scruples or one dram , of Extract of Saffron , and Peruvian Balsam , each half a scruple ; of Balsam of Sulphur anisated , or made with Turpentine , a sufficient Quantity ; mingle them , make Pills of a moderte bigness , gild them , or cover them with Powder of Liquorish . These Pills have often done good in Consumptire Coughs . The Sick must chuse an Air that is moderately hot and dry , and somewhat thin ; the diet must be of easie Concoction , as Mutton , and Veal , and the like ; and the Sick must eat Flesh only at Dinner ; at Supper he must only eat Water-gruel , Panada-broths , potched Eggs , and the like ; and he must be sure to be moderate in his Diet ; he must drink sparingly of small Beer , and the like ; Wines must be avoided , and other spirituous Liquors ; it is also convenient that his Beer be medicated with Pectoral things and the like , which are proper for the Disease ; for by this means a great quantity of Medicines will be mixed with the Blood without nauseating the Stomach , or injuring the Appetite , which a Physician ought to take great Care of . For Instance , Take of the best Sarsa-parilla cut eight ounces , of the Roots of China sliced four ounces , of Polypody of the Oak , Maiden-hair , Ground-ivy , spotted Lung-wort , Colts-foot , Scabious , Oak of Jerusalem , each two handfuls ; of the Flowers of Scabious , water-lillies , and of Rosemary , of the grater Daisy , and of St. Johns-wort , each one handful ; of Juniper-berries four ounces , of Raisins of the Sun stoned six ounces , of Liquorish rasped one ounce , of the Seeds of Annise two drams ; mingle uhem , make a Bag for four Gallons of middling Beer , which let the Sick use for his ordinary Drink . The Sick must exercise himself daily moderately , especially before Dinner ; he must take great Care that he does not catch Cold : The Sick must be diverted as much as may be from Anger , Sorrow , deep thinking , and all other great Passions of the Mind ; from Study , and unseasonable Watching , always sleeping , if he can , the first part of the Night . But in the second State of this Disease , which may be known by the Increase of the hectick Feaver , which now is often like a putrid Intermitting Feaver , and by the manifest wasting of the Flesh , by the dry Cough , a Weight upon the Breast , and difficulty of Breathing ; all Evacuacuations by Stool , Vomit , or Sweat , are injurious ; for they promote the Feaver , and Increase the Consumption : Nor is Bleeding to be used at this time , unless it be to prevent a Peripneumonia ; but the Alteratives and Pectorals before prescribed must be used frequently , as often as the Stomach will bear them ; but especially the use of the Balsamicks before prescribed must be long continued , if there be no considerable Feaver ; and by this means many Consumptive People have been recovered . Issues are also of use , and the Shaving of the Head. And if the Hectick heat be but small , the Sick ought to drink Calybeat Waters in the Summer-time ; for by this means many have been relieved Year after Year ; their Stomack , Flesh and Strength recovered , and the Hectick Heat and Cough left them , and their Breath has been freer : But these Waters are not to be used when the Lungs are evidently putrified , or when the Flesh is very much wasted by Colloquative Sweats , a Loosness , or a Dropsie , for then they are deadly . And when they are proper , the Sick must use them the greatest part of the Summer , but not so great a quantity at a time as is usual in other Cases , two Quarts , five Pints , or three Quarts , may be sufficient at a time ; and the Sick must take Care that he does not catch Cold , and of Errors in Diet : Purging is not to be used during the drinking of the Waters in this Case , but if the Body be subject to be bound , the Purging Mnieral-waters must be taken three or four times , at the distance of three or four Days before and after the use of the Calybeat-waters . If the Waters do not pass well by Urine , or if they cause a Diarrhea , you must not continue the use of them long , unless these Inconveniences may be remedied by Art , to take off or to prevent the Diarrhea . I use to prescribe the quantity of a Walnut of the following Electuary , to be taken at Bed-time every Night . Take of the Pulp of the conserve of old red Roses , of the Electuary of Quinces , each half an ounce ; of the Troebes of Ambar three drams , of true Bole , of Dragons-blood , each half a dram ; of London Laudanum three grains , of Syrup of Mirtles a sufficient Quantity ; mingle them , make an Electuary . To force the Urine , I order that a scruple of the whitest Salt of Ambar , well cleansed from the Oyl , should be dissolved in the first Draught of Water . It is also good , during the Course of the Water , to medicate the ordinary Drink with a Bag of Pectoral Ingredients . But secondly , If the Hectick Feaver be considerable , it is safer to attemperate the Blood by a Milk-Diet ; but as to a Milk Diet what followeth must be observed . First , In the use of this Diet , nothing but Milk , or things made of Milk , Bread only excepted , must be allowed of ; but good Quantities of it must be taken frequently , least by reason of the Thinness of it , the Parts should be deprived of their due Nourishment . Secondly , This sort of Diet must be continued for the Space of a Month or two . Thirdly , Spring time is most seasonable for a Milk Course , for then the Herbs and Flowers , wherewith the Beasts are fed , flourish most . Fourthly , But if by reason of the Ferment of the Stomach being too acid , common Milk , as it sometimes happens , curdles , and so cannot be concocted ; upon which account , Vomiting , Grips , and a Loosness follow ; it is better to abstain from the use of it , and to endeavour to attemperate the Blood with Asses-milk : Concerning the use of which observe the following Directions . First , Give this Milk in the Morning , and let the Sick sleep a little in Bed afterwards ; let it be given again at five in the Afternoon . Secondly , Nothing of a contrary Nature , whether Diet or Medicine must be taken till the Milk is concocted . Thirdly , You must give a Pint , or half a Pint at a time , or thereabout ; for a great Quantity of this , or of common Milk , can neither be received nor concocted by the Stomach , but is usually cast out presently , either by Vomit or Stool , to the great Prejudice of the Sick ; wherefore it is prudently ordered by Physicians , that as the Stomach is by degrees accustomed to this sort of Diet , so the quantity of it should be daily increased from half a Pint to a Pint. Fourthly , If the Sick , by reason of the acid Ferment of the Stomach , is subject upon taking Asses-milk , to a Loosness● ( which frequently happens ) the Milk , must be sweetned with Sugar of Roses , and must be milked upon a Branch or two of Mint ; and if there be occasion , and nothing forbids , the Sick may take every Night at Bed-time a grain of London Landanum , or a Dose of the beforementioned Astringent Electuary . Fifthly , The Milk must be drank whilst it is warm , for if it should grow cold , and be afterwards warmed upon the Fire , it would be rendered less pleasing to the Tast and Stomach , and the Remedy would not be so effectual , by reason of the Spirits being wasted . Sixthly , During the use of Asses-milk , which also ought to be ordered in every Milk-diet , the Sick must abstain from all other Medicines , except Opiats and Astringents , if they are necessary to prevent a Loosness , or to quiet the Cough at Nights . Seventhly , But if the Loosness , occasioned by the Milk , cannot be taken off by the Laudanum , and the Astringents , or if after it is taken off , Vomiting or at least a continual Sickness , or Weight upon the Stomach succeed , which are the certain Signs of the Milk curdling in the Stomach : Or lastly , If there be Signs of a Schir●hus and Obstruction of the Liver , which are frequent in Scorbutical and Hypocondriack People , that have had a Consumption a long while , rhey must carefully avoid all sorts of Milk ; for the use of Milk , by increasing the Obstruction of the Liver , is wont to bring upon the Consumption a Dropsie and Jaundice , whereby the original Disease is rendred deplorable . Wherefore , Fourthly , in these cases it is better to alter the Blood , and to blunt its Acrimony by the free use of Fish , and of testaceous Medicines ; and also by Restorative Broths made of the extream parts of Animals , and drinking freely of the Compound Waters of Milk , Capons , and Snails , and the like ; though what we said before of the use of Milk is also true , with respect to these Flegmatick Waters , viz. That when the Liver is obstructed , the Jaundice or Dropsie is wont to follow the free use of these . Wherefore in such a case it is better to endeavour to Sweeten the Blood in the following manner . Let him eat freely of River and Sea-crabs , of Lobsters ; and generally speaking of all testaceous Fish , which sort of Diet eaten plentifully , much attemperates the Acidity of the Blood , and the sharp Ferment of the Stomach ▪ Of these testaceous Fish are also made very pleasant Broths , which must be taken plentifully . Take of River Crabs number an hundred , beat them whilst they are alive , and boil them in two quarts of Fountain-water ; add towards the end of boiling two or three blades of Mace , one Nutmeg rasped , and of Malago-wine half a pint ; strain it for use . Jellies and restorative Broths may be also used to the same purpose . For instance , Take of the Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory , each four ounces ; two blades of Mace , one bark of an Orange candied ; boil them in two quarts of Fountain-water to a quart , or a pint and an half ; strain it ; let the Sick take three or four Spoonfuls , either by themselves or in some hot Broth. These kind of Jellies may be made more pleasant to the Pallate , by adding at the time of use a little of the Syrup of Baulm , Gilliflowers , Raspberries , Oranges or Lemmons ; though it must be confessed Acid Syrups do not so well agree with Jellies . The manner of making a Restorative Broth is as follows . Take a Capon drawn and cut in pieces , of Sheeps and Calves feet , each two pair ; the shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each half an ounce ; two leaves of Mace , one Nutmeg cut , yellow Sanders , three drams or half an ounce ; boil them all gently in one gallon of Fountain-water , till half is consumed ; add towards the end of boiling a pint of Malago-Sack , and of the Flowers of the greater Daisie , Coltsfoot , Maiden-hair , Spotted Lungwort , each one handful ; of fat Dates eight pair , of Jujubs twelve pair , of Sebestens ten pair , of Raisins of the Sun stoned three ounces ; strain it , let the Sick take a large Draught of it twice or thrice a day . Prepared Coral , Millepedes , Pearls , Crabs-eyes prepared , the Simple Powder of Crabs-claws , and other testaceous Medicines taken plentifully , and often in a day , are good to blunt the Acrimony of the Blood. Take of the Aqua lactis Alexiteria , of Carduus , or of black Cherry-water , one pint ; of Cinnamon-water hordeated half a pint , of prepared Pearl half an ounce , of white Cristaline Sugar two ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep , whereof let the Sick take four ounces ( shaking the Viol always when it is used ) three or four times in a day , adding , if the Stomach require it , one or two ounces of Epidemick water . Or , Take of the Powder of Millepedes , of Crabs-eyes prepared , of the Simple Powder of Crabs-claws , each one dram ; of the Powder of white Ambar half a dram ; mingle them , divide it into nine Papers , whereof let him take one thrice a day in a Spoonful of the Pearl Julep . Fifthly , If the Sick seem free from an Obstruction of the Liver , and has neither the Dropsie nor the Jaundice , but the Milk-Diet before described does not agree , by reason of a Loosness , or the Acid Ferment of the Stomach ; besides the altering Medicines above described , the free use of the compound distilled Waters of Milk , Snails , a Pig , and the like , may be ordered with success , to attemperate farther the Acrimony of the Humours . The Milk-water . Take of the leaves of Maiden-hair , Coltsfoot , spotted Lungwort , Speedwell , each three handfuls ; of Hyssop , Goats-rue , Mint and Wormwood , each two handfuls ; of the Flowers of St. John's Wort and Scabious , each two handfuls ; of English Saffron one dram , three Nutmegs sliced , Dates and fat Figs , each half a pound ; of Raisins of the Sun stoned one pound ; cut them , and infuse them in three gallons of fresh Cows Milk , and three quarts of Malago-Sack , distill them in a cold Still , and draw off half the Liquor , and mix the Distillations , and keep them for use . If the Consumption be Scorbutical , you may add in Distillation the tops of Pine , Water-cresses , and Brook-lime , and Ground-Ivy , with other gentle Antiscorbuticks : And instead of Malago Sack , you may use Brunswick Mum. If you would have this Water also Restorative , you must add a Capon or a Pig in the second Distillation . For instance , Take a Capon or a Pig , ( the Intrails being taken out ) cut in pieces , of the Milk-water above described one gallon , distill off three parts of the Liquor . Snail-water . Take of Garden-Snails cleansed with Salt three hundred , of common Milk , or rather of the Milk-water above prescribed three gallons ; distill them in a cold Still with a gentle Fire till the Liquor becomes Acid : And the following Magisterial water of Worms is not to be despised , for it will keep good a long while . Take of fresh Milk two gallons , of Mint and Roman Worm-wood , each two handfuls ; distill off one gallon : Then take of Garden-Snails , first wash'd in common water , then in Small-beer , half a peck ; of Earth-worms prepared one Pint , of Angelica one handful and an half , of Agrimony , Bettony and Rue , each one handful ; put the Herbs into a Still , and the Snails and Worms upon them ; and at top shavings of Harts-horn half a pound , Cloves one ounce , Saffron three drams ; infuse them in two quarts of Syder , and one of Malago-Sack ; then distill all in a cold Still . These Liquors are to be drank freely for the ordinary drink , mixed with an equal part of Milk , if the Stomach will bear it , and if the Sick can quench his Thirst with it . If a Julep be more pleasing , give it in the following manner . Take of the Waters of Pig or Capon before described one pint , of white Cristaline Sugar a sufficient quantity , boil them to a Syrup . Take of Milk , or Snail-water one pint and an half , of the Syrup just described four ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep , whereof let the Sick drink freely . Or , Take of the Water of Milk , or of Magisterial Snail-water a quart , of pearled Sugar ten drams or an ounce and an half ; mingle them , make a Julep , whereof let him take freely and frequently . But if there is not so much a Hectick Feaver as a difficulty of Breathing , as it often happens to such as are afflicted with a Scorbutick Consumption , a Pectoral Hydromel is better for the ordinary Drink , than distilled Waters abounding with Flegm . Take of the roots of China sliced six ounces , of the roots of Coltsfoot gathered at a Fit-time three ounces , of the roots of Burdock and Avens , each three ounces ; of the roots of Elecampane two ounces , of the leaves of Lungwort , all the Scabious , both the Speedwells , Meadow-sweet , and Monywort , each two handfuls ; of all the Capillaries , each one handful ; of the flowering tops of Bugles and Bettony , of the flowers of red Speedwell , and of Cowslips , each four Pugils ; of all the Ground Ivy three handfuls , of Jujubs , Dates , Sebestens , and Raisins of the Sun cleansed , each one ounce and an half ; of Spanish Liquorish one ounce and an half , cut them all , and boil them in sixteen quarts of Fountain-water with a gentle Fire till half is consumed ; strain it and clarifie it , and add to it four pound of the best Honey ; boil it again , and take off the Scum ; strain it again , add half an ounce of Cinnamon , six drams of Coriander-seed , of the Seeds of Annise and Sweet Fennel , each three drams ; put the Liquor into a large Tub , and let it ferment , which it will the sooner do , if the Tub be placed in the Sun , for then it will be sufficiently fermented in forty days , otherwise it will require a much longer time : The Vessel must be always kept open and full . Of this let the Sick drink a good Draught twice or thrice a day for many Months . When the Consumption comes to its third State , the Sick very rarely is cured or lives long , unless the Ulcers are very small and benign ; wherefore , though a prudent and honest Physician , being called to Consumptive People at this time , may endeavour to mitigate as much as may be the Symptoms , and may prescribe Medicines proper for the Consumption and the present Indications ; yet he ought by no means to promise a Cure , but rather acquaint the Patient of his Danger ; and so he will secure his own Reputation , and that of the Medical Art. The Curative Indications at this time of the Disease are these four : First , Pectoral Medicines must be prescribed , and the Cure of the Ulcers must be promoted ( if they are small , benign and curable ) as much as can be , in this weak and wasting Condition of the Sick. Secondly , The Peripneumonick or Inflammatory Feaver , as often as it happens , must be taken off , with all its dreadful Symptoms . Thirdly , The Putrid Feaver arising from the Purulent Matter of the Lungs must be mitigated . Fourthly and lastly , The Tormenting Symptoms arising from the Putrid Feaver by reason of the Colliquation , must be removed as far as may be , that at least the Sick may dye easily . As to the first in this State of the Consumption , Altering , Expectorating and Balsamick , or Healing Medicines that are not too hot , ( by reason of the great height of the Feaver ) but always Cordials are to be given , and those are to be chosen that are most palatable , and may be taken in the smallest quantity . For instance , Take of the Pulp of the old Conserve of red Roses , of Wood-sorrel , and of Lucatellus's Balsam , each one ounce ; mingle them , make an Electuary , whereof let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg wrapt in a Wafer Morning and Evening ; or let him take twice a day of the Balsamick Pills above described , number three . Take of the Aqua Lactis Alexiteria eight ounces , of the Magisterial Water of Snails , of Cinnamon-water hordeated , each three ounces ; Aqua mirabilis one ounce ; of prepared Pearl two drams , of clear Ghalk one dram , of white Cristaline Sugar one ounce or ten drams ; mingle them , make a Julep , whereof let the Sick take four or five Spoonfuls after every Dose of the Electuary , and of the Pills , and as often as he will. Take of the Balsamick Syrup , which is very agreeable to the Stomach , three ounces ; of Tincture of Saffron made in Treacle-water two drams ; mingle them , let him take of it often in a Spoon , and in a Spoonful or two of this mixture , let him take twice a day six or eight drops of Opobalsam . But if the Cough and Watchings are very obstinate , let him take sometimes twelve drops of Helmont's Liquid Laudanum . Nevertheless in this languid state , Opium ought to be given cautiously in small Doses , and in due distances of time ; neither ought it to be given at all without urgent necessity require it , least a sudden Death follow , and the Disgrace of the Medical Art. Or , Take of the Syrup of Maiden-hair four ounces , of Aqua mirabilis half an ounce or six drams ; mingle them ; let the Patient take a Spoonful of it frequently , or with a Liquorish-stick , especially when the Cough is troublesome . Jellies and Restorative Broths are to be prescribed in this case : And indeed in this deplorable Condition , Medicines are rather to be taken from the Kitchin than the Apothecary's Shop . As to the Peripneumonick Feaver , it arises always from the great Inflammation of the Tubercles of the Lungs ; and therefore it uses to return frequently , viz. As often as a new Tubercle either of its own accord , or from cold taken , or from any Error committed in Diet , happens to be inflamed ; and during the Inflammation this Feaver continueth , and often kills the Patient suddenly ; it being accompanied with uncertain Shivering , and violent Heat succeeding alternately , with Watching , Restlesness , a Delirium , difficulty of Breathing , difficulty of Expectoration , violent and wandring Pains of the Side , Breast and Shoulders ; but when the Inflammation first begins to Imposthumate , which , if the Sick lives , happens usually about the seventh day of the Disease , the continual Inflammatory Feaver is succeeded by a Putrid Intermitting Feaver , either Quotidian or Tertian , which certainly indicates Matter in the Tubercles , and can never be perfectly eradicated unless they be cured . This Inflammatory Feaver , as all others of the same kind , requires a thin Diet , that the Belly should be kept open , and Cordial and Attemperating Juleps are to be used freely ; also Pectoral Apozems , and Lubricating and Inciding Linctuses , to facilitate the Expectoration of the Flegm , too much thickned by the Feaverish Heat , and to take off the painful Compression of the Lungs , and to ease the Cough . Diaphoretick Opiats are also to be used sparingly , at due Intervals , to promote the Expulsion of the Febrile Matter through the Pores of the Skin : Also Blisters and Epithems are to be used for the relief of the Brain , and Genus Nervosum , which would otherwise suffer much by Feavers of this kind . Liniments also and Anodyn Fomentations must be prescribed , to remove the Painful and Convulsive Contraction of the Muscles , and Membranes of the Breast ; but above all , Bleed seasonably and largely , and it must be repeated , if there be occasion , according to the Strength of the Sick , and the present Effervescence of the Blood ; and perhaps Consumptive People require Bleeding more than those that are strong . Wherefore the Physician , though he count the Consumption deadly , ought to endeavour the Cure of the Peripneumonia in the following manner : Let him order a Diet of Water-gruel , Ptisan , roasted Apples , and the like , and middling Beer with a Toast in it : But at the first Declination of the Feaver , Chicken-broth , potched-Eggs , and the like . And the Belly , if there be occasion , must be presently loosned , with a Glister made of Milk and Sugar , with Camomil-flowers , which also must be repeated upon occasion ; then eight or ten Ounces of Blood must be taken away from the Arm of the pained Side ; and Bleeding must be repeated every day , or every other day , according to the Effervescence of the Blood , and the Violence of the Pain in the Side , and of the difficulty of Breathing , if the Strength will permit that an Imposthumation may be hindred if possible . In the mean while , through the whole Course of the Disease , one Spoonful of the following Linctus dissolved in four Ounces of the Pectoral Apozem , must be taken every third or fourth hour hot . Take of the fresh Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , of Syrup of Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; of white Sugar-candy one dram and an half ; mingle them exactly and make a Linctus . And if the Flegm be very tough , and if the Difficulty of Breathing and the Pain increase by reason of it , instead of Oyl of Almonds , Oyl of Linseed fresh drawn without Fire may be substituted , and Syrup of Hedge-mustard , or of the five opening Roots instead of Syrup of Maiden-hair , if a Flux of the Belly does not contra-indicate : Besides two or three ounces of the Oyl of Linseed may be taken by it self every fourth Hour , for it does not only Lubricate , but is also very Anodyn . Take of the Pectoral Decoction clarified one Pint and an half , of Tincture of Saffron made in Treacle-water , and of Syrup of Maiden-hair , each one ounce ; mingle them , make an Apozem for the use above described . To recruit the Strength , and to attemperate the Effervescence of the Blood , four or five Spoonfuls of the following Julep may be prescribed . Take of the Aqua-lactis alexiteria eight ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated , and of Plague-watery each two ounces ; of prepared Pearl one dram and an half , of white Sugar six drams ; mingle them , make a Julep . At Bed-time the following Anodyn and Diaphoretick Bolus may be prescribed to be taken , with a Draught of the Cordial Julep , especially if the Belly , as it often happens in this State of the Disease , be too loose . Take of Venice-treacle half a dram , of the compound Powder of Crabs-claws one Scruple , of Syrup of Gilly-flowers a sufficient Quantity ; mingle them , make a Bolus . Presently after Bleeding apply Blisters to the Neck , to the inner parts of the Arms and Legs , and a Cephalick Plaister with Euphorbium to the Soles of the Feet , to relieve the Brain and Genus Nervosum . To ease the Pain of the Side occasioned by the Convulsions of the Muscles and the Membrans of the Breast , the following Fomentation and Liniment may be applyed by turns to the Parts affected . Take of the Roots of Parsly ▪ and Fennel , and of Linseeds , and of Fenugreek-seeds , each two ounces ; of the Flowers of Camomel , and of Melilot , each two handfuls , mix them and boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain Water , pour it into a fresh Ox-Bladder , let the Bladder be half full , apply it hot to the Parts affected ; when the Bladder is taken off , apply an hot Flannel besmeared with the following Liniment . Take of Ointment of Marsh-mallows half an ounce , of Oyl of white-lillies , and of Bricks , each three drams ; mingle them , make a Liniment . To attemperate further the Effervescence of the Blood and the Heat of the Lungs , the following Powder may be used with good Success , Take of pure Salt-peter two drams , of white Cristaline Sugar half an ounce , mingle them , and make of them eight Papers , whereof let one be dissolved in every Draught of Beer . As to other things they must be left to the Judgment of the Physician that attends , to be prescribed upon Occasion . As to the putrid Feaver of Consumptive People , it is to be noted , that although the Sick being treated according to the Preceeding Method , do not die of a Peripneumonia , yet the Inflammation of the Tubercles of the Lungs ending most commonly in an Ulcer , presently after the Inflammatory Feaver , a putrid intermitting Feaver arises , returning at certain Periods every day or every other day with Shivering , Heat and Sweats . Which Feaver seems impossible to be taken quite off unless the Ulcer be cured from whence it arises ; yet the Peruvian Bark , frequently repeated at due Intervals , is often very Successful for suppressing the Feaver for a while , and the Lives of some , by the frequent use of it , have been protracted for many Years . Take of the Peruvian Bark finely powdered half a dram , of the Balsamick Syrup a sufficient quantity ; make a Bolus , which let the Sick take in the Morning , and every sixth Hour for three days successively , drinking upon it three or four ounces of the following Apozem . Take of the Peruvian Bark powdered three ounces , of the Balsam of Tolu two drams , of English-saffron , and Cochinele , each one Scruple ; boil them in a Pint of the Pectral Decoction clarified to six ounces , then strain it , and put on a Pint more of the Decoction ; repeat the Operation thrice , then mix all the strained Liquor , and add to it of Maligo Saek , and Balsamick Syrup , each fou● ounces ; mingle them , make an Apozem . Repeat the use of this Febrifuge in the manner now described twice in a Month , or oftner if there be Occasion ; and in the Intervals , the daily use of Balsamick and Pectoral Medicines must be ordered , and they must be varied according to the Temper of the Sick , and the Genius of the Disease : If the Belly be too loose , a grain of London Laudanum may be added to every Bolus to be taken at Bed-time , or instead of the Bolus's , Pills made of Diascordium , and the Jesuits Powder may be substituted ; but every Dose must contain half a dram of the Powder , Yet it must be confessed that the Bark is not constantly so successful in the Consumptive Feaver as in Agues . To take off a Loosness , and to mitigate a Dysentery , and the Gripes , Opiat Medicines must be used freqently and freely ; and during these Symptoms , the Sick must abstain from all sorts of Beer , and , instead of it , must use the white Decoction or Milk-water : Let him take also , if there be Occasion , every fourth Hour , the quantity of a Walnut of the Astringent Electuary described before in the use of Asses-milk ; or let him take twelve Drops of Helmont's liquid Laudanum , And to attemperate the Acrimony of the Humours , that are wont to be evacuated by the glandulous Tunick of the great Guts , and to restore the Tone of the Parts weakned thereby , let a Glister be daily injected made of Chicken broth ▪ or of a Sheeps-head with the Wool on , boiled in Water , or this that follows . Take of Milk altered with red Roses , and by quenching often hot Steel in it ; six ounces , of Diascordium half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Glister . But in a moderate Diarrhea , viz. when the Gripes are not very violent , especially if there be a Difficulty of Breathing , Opium must be prescribed rarely and sparingly in any Form ; for most commonly upon giving it , the Breast is oppressed , and Breathing , and Expectoration are rendered more difficult , and the Stomach becomes nauseous . Wherefore it is safer only to moderate the Loosness , by giving an Opiat every third or fourth Night , than to stop it quite ; least a greater Injury should follow ; and always after the use of an Opiat , expectorating and lubricating Medicines should be freely used ; least the Matter should be so much fixed in the Lungs , that the strength of the Patient should not suffice to bring it up . When the Cough and Watchings are very violent , the following Medicines may be used ; but it is to be noted , that Opiats must be used very sparingly , and with great Caution when the Sick is very weak . Take of Syrup of Marsh-mallows , and Purslain , each one ounce and an half ; of the Species Diatragacanth frigid , of the Powder of Haly , each two scruples ; of Diacodium an ounce and an half , mingle them , make a Linctus to be taken in a spoon , or with a Liquorish Stick , when the Cough is violent . Aqua-mirabilis also mixed with Pectoral Syrups does good . Or , Take of the Balsamick Syrup two ounces , of Helmont's liquid Laudanum two Scruples ; mingle them , let the Sick take a spoonful every Hour or every other Hour , The white and black Lozenges being leisurely dissolved in the Mouth , and swallowed down , are also of use . To moderate the great and Colliquative Sweats , let the Sick sleep but little at a time , and let him take temperate Pearl Cordials often , and in a large Quantity ; to which it is fit to add Chalk , Coral , Dragons-blood , and other temperating astringent and emplastick Medicines , which in some manner fix and mitigate the Ferment of the Blood. For Instance , Take of the Waters of Tormentil , Oak-buds , each three ounces ; Cinnamon-water hordiated four ounces , of Aqua-mirahilis one ounce , of Pearls , and Coral prepared , and of Chalk , each two scruples ; of true Bole , and Dragons-blood each half a dram ; of Jap●n Earth a scruple , of destilled Vinegar or Spirit of Vitriol as much as is sufficient to make it gratefully acid , Syrup of Mirtles an ounce and an half ; Mingle them , make a Julep ; let the Sick take two or three ounces of it every third or fourth hour , shaking the Viol every time it is used . The Cloaths on the Bed must be also lessened , and the Sick must be removed into a thin , warm and free Air ; let him always sleep in a large Room , and as soon as his Strength begins to fail , the Sweat must be rubbed off with dry Linnen Cloaths a little warmed ; and the Patient must be removed to the other Part of the Bed. As to the violent Vomiting that seises Consumptive Persons at the latter end , there is little Help to be afforded by Art , only the Physician ought to assist by his prudent Counsels ▪ since he cannot by Medicines . First therefore , The Sick ought to be ordered to eat little ( though frequently ) at a time . Secondly , He must eat those things that afford good Nourishment and are of easie Digestion . Thirdly , After eating he must avoid ( as much as he can ) Coughing , Sleeping , and lying down . Sometimes it happens after the Putrid Feaver begins especially if the Evacuation of the Colliquative Matter by Stool or by other ways is hindered by Art , that Nature indeavours , tho in vain , the Protrusion of the Enemy by the Salivary Ducts , or the glandulous Tunick of the Mouth and Oesophagus , by which means a troublesome Spitting arises that continues for many Weeks . Secondly , by reason of the Acrimony of the Humour evacuated by these Parts , an Inflammation not only of the Membrane of the Mouth , but also of the Oesophagus and Stomach follows . Thirdly , By the Inflammation an Ulceration is occasioned , and from thence little Ulcers called Aphth●● , accompanied with a very troublesom Pain of the Throat . And Lastly , An Hicop that is very troublesom arises from the Inflammation and Exulceration . Which Symptoms , as they are troublesome , so are they sometimes long , and always deadly , for the Cause from whence they proceed is incurable ; yet cleansing softning astringent and Mucilaginous Gargarisms must be injected with a Syringe ; and to ease the Pain of the Throat , a double Flannel worn about the Neck does much Good , by defending it from the external Cold. CHAP. LX. Of Swooning or Fainting . THe next and immediate Cause of this Disease , is a Defect of the Vital Spirits ; and this Defect of the Spirits chiefly happens four ways , Either because there is not a sufficient quantity of them generated , or because they are dissipated and evacuated when they are generated ; or they are preternaturally altered , and corrupted : Or lastly , They are suffocated and overwhelmed . They are not generated either by reason of a Fault of the Faculty , or of the Matter ; the Faculty of the generating the Spirits is hurt , either by a Peculiar Disorder of the Heart or by Consent . The peculiar Diseases of the Heart that are chiefly to to be taken Notice of , are great Intemperies overturning the native Temper of it ; or destroying the Substance of the Parts , and of the Native Heat ; as acute and malignant Feavers , Colliquative , Pestilential and Hectick Fevers , also Organical Diseases , as Constriction and too great Dilatation . The Faculty of the Heart is hurt by Consent , as from the Brain and Liver , which have a great Sympathy with it ; and also often from the Mouth of the Stomach , by reason of its nearness and Exquisite Sense , upon which account Swooning is divided into Cardiack and Stomachick ; that is Cardiack which proceeds from the Heart being Primarily affected ; that is Stomachick which is produced by Consent of the Stomach : It also often arises from the Womb , by reason of ill Vapours transmitted thence to the Heart . The Fault of the Matter , is a Defect or Corruption of the Air and Blood , from whence the Vital Spirits are generated . A Defect of the Air happens from Respiration or Transpiration hurt : A Defect of the Blood from a Fault in Nutrition . The Corruption of both is occasioned by putting on another Quality ; so from the infected Air in a Pestilential Constitution , Swooning and Fainting frequently happen , and some ill Smells occasion the same , and sweet Smells in some Women . The Blood is also often corrupted by unwholesome Food . Too large Evacuations dissipate the Spirits , both sensible and insensible : sensible Evacuatioins , are first of Blood it self by the Mouth , Nostrils , Womb , Belly , Hemorrhoids , Bleeding , and great Wounds . Secondly , of other Humours , which though they are Excrementitious , yet being evacuated in a large quantity , they dissipate the Spirits and occasion Fainting . Such Humours are w●nt to be evacuated by Vomit , Stool , Urine , Sweat , by opening a large Abscess , especially inwardly , as of an Empyema ; and also outwardly , as in a Dropsie , the Navel being open . Insensible Evacuations are made by too great a rarity of the Skin , and by reason of Thinness or Acrimony of things contained , by immoderate Heat , Bathing and excessive Labour . They are also dissipated by long , Watching , long Fastting , immoderate Venery , Anger or excessive Joy ; long and acute Sickness , violent Pains of the Heart , Stomach , Bowels , Veins , Ears , Teeth , and of all the Nervous Parts . The Spirits are altered and corrupted by an ill Disposition of the Bowels , and by any thing that has a malignant and an inimical Quality to the Heart ; as a venomous and pestilential Air drawn in by the Breath , or generated in the Body by Putrefaction of Humours ; Poison taken inwardly does the same , and the Biting of Venomous Creatures . Lastly , A violent Reflux of the Spirits and Blood to the Heart , and the like , suffocates and overwhelms the Vital Spirits . A noble Virgin , which was very subject to fainting upon every small occasion , died suddenly , by reason of a sudden Reflux of the Blood , and Spirits to the Heart , as she was about to sign a Contract of Marriage with a very handsom and accomplished Gentleman . Fainting also sometimes happens from cold and thick Blood , heapt up in abundance in the greater Vessels . As to the Cure , it must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes ; but from whatever Cause it proceeds , that which follows must be observed in the Fit , You must lay them on their Back , and sprinkle Water in their Faces , and provoke Sneezing ; put some good Wine or Cinnamon-water into their Mouths ; apply Bread hot out of the Oven to their Nostrils ; call them aloud , shake them , pull them by the Nose , double their Fingers , pull their Hair , use Frictions , Ligatures and Cupping-glasses . But the Cure must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes in the following manner . If it takes its Rise from want of Nourishment , the Sick must be refreshed with good Wine , and by a Piece of Bread dipt in it and eaten , and also by nourishing Broths , and the like . If by reason of the Thinness of the Humours , the Spirits exhale , Perfumes and meat of good Juice and Thickning must be prescribed , and the Pores of the Skin must be stopt with Oyl of Roses and by the cold Air. If it proceed from an Hysterick Disease , Remedies proper for that must be given ; if from a malignant Quality Cardiacks and Alexipharmicks must be used . If from taking Poyson , things that evacuate must be used ; a Vomit must be given , and afterwards Treacle must be prescribed ; and then if a Heat and Erosion of the Stomach be perceived , he must take Milk or Butter , or fat Broths , or cooling Cordial Potions . If from Immoderate Evacuation , the Sick must be refreshed with Perfumes , Meat and Drink , Sleep and Rest . If from too great a Loss of Blood , lay the Sick on a Bed with his Head downward , Sprinkle his Face with cold Water , give him a little Wine diluted with cold Water . If by over-purging , give new Treacle ; or for want of it old Treacle with two grains of Opium ; or rather with three grains of Laudanum dissolved in Wine . Anoint his Belly with the following Oyls . Take of Oyl of Mirtles , and of Quinces , each one ounce and an half ; of Oyl of Wormwood one ounce , of Rose Vinegar a little ; mingle them , anoint his Belly with it often . Inject a Glister of Calybeat Milk , adding to it the Yolks of three Eggs , of Philonium Romanum two drams ; rub his Arms and upper Parts ; dip a Piece of Bread in Wine and give it , or let him drink Wine it self . And lastly , Every Evacuation , whether of Blood by the Nostrils , Womb , or other parts , or of other Humours , by Vomit or Stool , is to be restrained by Remedies described in their proper Chapters . That Fainting which arises from too great Sweat , must be cured by Remedies that restrain Sweat , as with cold Water , Rose-water alone , or with a little Vinegar in it cast upon the Hands and Face ; the Air also must be cooled with the foresaid Waters , and with fanning ; cold Epithems must be applied to the Heart , made of Rose-water , Sorrel , Borrage , and of the Powder of Diamargarit ; frigid , and with a little Wine to make them penetrate . Also cooling Juleps of Syrup of Sorrel , Violets , of Apples , or Lemmons , with cooling Waters , and Sal-prunella , are frequently to be given ; the Pores may be stopt by anointing the Skin with Oyl of Roses , Mastich and Myrtles . Let the Sick abstain from Wine ; he must by no means be rubbed ; let him often change place , and be lightly covered ; let the Bed be sprinkled with the following Powder . Take of the flowers of Water-lillies , and red Roses , each three ounces ; of pure Labdanum half an ounce , of Storax two drams , of Myrtles , and the Grains of Sumach , each two ounces ; make a Powder . If the Fainting arise from Suffocation of the Spirits , they must be called back to the Surface of the Body , by Frictions , Ligatures , Cupping-glasses , and the like ; but if the Suffocation arise from Fullness , Blood must be drawn plentifully by Intervals ; if Fainting proceed from a Fright or Fear , Blood must be also let , least an Obstruction or Inflammation should be occasioned . CHAP. LXI . Of the Palpitation of the Heart , and of the Trembling of it . THE Palpitation of the Heart is so violent sometimes , that it may not only be manifestly felt , but also seen and heard at some distance : And some Authors of note say , That by the violent Vibration of the Heart , the Ribs have been broke , or thrust out in young People . As to the Cure , it must be varied according to the variety of the Causes . First therefore , when this Disease proceeds from a fault in the Blood , the curative Intention will be , to exalt the watry Blood , and to render it more apt for Fermentation ; to which purpose Spiritous Medicines , also Saline of every sort and Sulphurous , especially Chalybeats ; and also those things which are used for the Green-sickness , or Lucophlegmatia , and a cold Scurvy , do good . Take of the Conserves of Roman Wormwood , of the yellow Peel of Oranges and Lemons , each two ounces ; of the Winteran bark powdered two drams , of the Species Diacurcuma one dram , of Steel prepared with Sulphur three drams , Salt of Wormwood one dram and an half , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of Citron-bark ; make an Electuary . The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg in the Morning , and at five a Clock in the Afternoon , drinking upon it three Ounces of the following Julep , and walking after it . Take of the Waters of Wake-robin leaves one pint , of Penny-royal and Hyssop , each four ounces ; of the water of Worms , Snails , and Mirabilis , each one ounce ; of Sugar one ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep . Take of the Tincture of Antimony one ounce . The Dose is twenty or twenty five drops twice a day in the same Julep . Moreover , Tincture of Steel , or the Syrup of it , also Elixir Proprietatis are proper . Secondly , The Palpitation of the Heart is oftner and much more violent from a fault in the Cardiack Arteries , which is either an Obstruction or a Convulsion . The first is most commonly continual , and often incurable , especially if it be occasioned by tabid Lungs , or by reason the roots of the Arteries are half filled or compressed by a Tubercle , or bony Excrescence ; which Causes , when they are and can be perfectly known , it is to no purpose to endeavour to remove ; and then all that can be done , is only to give ease by Hypnoticks . Moreover , It is probable , that the passage of the Blood is hindred , sometimes by a Polypus growing within the Sinus of the Heart : But it is difficultly known , and hardly cured ; when there is a Suspicion of it , Saline Medicines seem most proper , and of those such as are volatile or acid : But they are not to be given together , you are to try one sort first , and if that does not do , you must try the other . Take of Compound Spirit of Sal-armoniack , viz. distilled with Millepedes , or with other anti-asthmaticks , three drams . The Dose is from fifteen Grains to twenty thrice a day , in some proper Julep or distilled Water . In the same manner Spirit of Harts-horn , of Soot , of Blood , and of a Scull dug up , may be tried . Take of Spirit of Sea-salt , or of Vitriol , distilled with Spirit of Wine , impregnated with Pectoral Herbs , and often cohobated , three drams . The Dose is from fifteen to twenty drops . Spirit of Tartar , of the Wood of Gujacum , or of Box , may be used to the same purpose . Thirdly , The Palpitation of the Heart is often Convulsive , and proceeds from the same cause as other Hypochondriack or Asthmatick Passions do , and must be cured also by Antispasmotick Remedies ; but respect must be had to the Constitution of the Sick. Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniack with Ambar three drams . The Dose is from fifteen to twenty drops twice a day , in some proper Julep or distilled Water . Tincture of Tartar , of Steel , or of Antimony , may be also given by turns . As to the Cure of the Trembling of the Heart , Medicines proper for Convulsions must be given , it being meerly Convulsive . Wherefore having made sufficient Evacuation , the follow Medicines may be given . Take of prepared Coral , and of Pearls , each two drams ; of both the Bezoars , each half a dram ; of white Ambar two scruples , of Ambar-grease one scruple ; make a Powder . The Dose is half a Dram twice or thrice in a day , in some proper Julep or distilled Water . Take of Compound Powder of Crabs-claws two drams , of the Powder of the roots of Male-peony , of Mans Skull prepared , each one dram ; of the flowers of Male-peony , and of Lillies of the Vallies , each half a dram ; make a Powder to be taken the same way . Take of Ivory , and red Coral powdered , each three drams ; of the Species Diambra one dram , of white Sugar dissolved in a sufficient quantity of Orange-flower-water and boiled to Tablets , seven ounces ; make Tablets each weighing half a dram : Let him take one or two often in a day , or when he pleases . Take of the Conserve of the Flowers of Lillies of the Vallies six ounces , of Coral prepared , of Pearls , Ivory , and Crabs-eyes , each one dram and an half ; of Vitriol of Mars one dram , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Coral , make an Electuary . The Dose is one or two drams twice a day , drinking upon it a Draught of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of Orange-flowers , and of the whole Citron , each six ounces ; of Orange-peels distilled with Wine two ounces , of Sugar half an ounce ; make a Julep . Take of Syrup of Steel six ounces . The Dose is one Spoonful in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon , in two ounces of the Julep above prescribed ; but you must omit the Sugar . Take of the Powder of Ivory , and of Coral , each two drams and an half ; of the Species of Diambra one dram , of Salt of Steel two drams , of Sugar eight ounces , of Ambar-grease dissolved half a scruple ; make Tablets , each weighing half a dram . The Dose is three or four drams twice a day . Ta●e of fresh Strawberries eight Pints , of the outward Peel of twelve Oranges , of the fresh Filings of Steel half a pound , beat them together , and pour upon them four quarts of Wine : Let them ferment together in a close Vessel twenty four hours ; then distill them in a cold Still . Take of Spirit of Harts-horn , or of Blood , or the like , three drams . The Dose is twenty drops twice a day in some proper Vehicle . Take of the Flowers of Sal-armoniack , and of Coral prepared , each two drams . The Dose is one scruple twice a day . Take of Sal-prunella two drams , of Salt of Ambar one dram , of Salt of Harts-horn one Scruple . The Dose is from fifteen to twenty grains twice a day in some proper Liquor . Note , Such of these Medicines as agree with the Constitution of the Patient are to be chosen . CHAP. LXII . Of Weakness . THE Cause of Weakness , is a Defect of Native Heat , and of Spirits : This Defect is occasioned by the Defect of Vital Spirits : The Vital Spirits are wanting , either when they are not generated in a sufficient quantity , or because , when they are generated , they are dissipated , corrupted , or suffocated , as it happens in Fainting : But the difference betwixt Fainting and Weakness is , That in Fainting the Causes produce their Effect of a sudden , but in Weakness by degrees . The Cure of this Disease respects the taking away the Cause , and the cherishing the Heart and Vital Spirits . The Causes are , almost all great Diseases , whereby Nature is much weakned ; therefore the taking off the Causes , respects the Cure of almost all Diseases , which must be sought for in their proper Chapters . But the Strengthning the Heart , and the Restoration of the Vital Spirits , are to be treated of a part , and sometimes to be preferred before the Cure of the Morbifick Causes , when there is danger of Death : But you must always take care , that whilst you endeavour to refresh the Spirits , you do not increase the Morbifick Causes ; and therefore in a hot Disease you must give temperate Cordials , in a cold such as are hot . And first , With Meat you must mix Cordials , as Confection of Alkermes , or of Hyacinth in Broths ; also Mutton Broth , the Fat and Skin being cut off , is good ; also Gravy of Mutton is frequently used , and the Gravy of the Heart is mightily commended . The Italians make a Soop of Yolks of Eggs , Wine , Sugar and Cinnamon , which is very restorative . Jelly of Harts-horn is also very good . Cordial Juleps may be also prepared in the following manner . Take of the Waters of Bugloss , Roses , and the Flowers of Oranges , each one ounce ; of Syrup of Apples , and of Lemons , each half an ounce ; Confection of Alkermes half a dram , of Cinnamon-water two drams ; make a Julep . To the Stomach may be applied Bags made of Spices , and moistned with Wine ; the private parts may be fomented with Confection of Alkermes dissolved in Wine : The Arteries of the Temples , the Hands and Feet may be anointed with the same . And Apoplectick Balsam may be often held to the Nostrils . CHAP. LXIII . Of Appetite depraved , diminished , and abolished . THE Cause of an excessive Appetite , is a sharp Juice abounding in the Body , and especially brought from the Pancreas to the Intestine ; and sending thence Vapors that are sharper than usual to the Stomach . This Acid is increased in the whole Body by sharp Meats , and Drinks , Cold and Serene Air , immoderate Grief continued long , violent Motion , and long Watching . The Appetite is diminished by Fat Choler , and by Fat and Viscid Meat , by Hot or Rainy Weather , by too much Sleep , Sloath and great Cares . The Causes that diminish Appetite will wholly abolish it , if they are extream . Depraved Appetite is usual in the Green-sickness , and in Women with Child , and sometimes , but rarely , Men are troubled with it : It most frequently happens before the Flux of the Courses , or when they are suppressed . In the Green-sickness they crave for Meats that are improper and unusual , or they eat Chalk , Ashes , Coals , Pitch , Dirt , Leather , and many other things . Appetite increased , is to be cured with such things as temperate the acid Juice , as Coral , Pearls , Crabs-eyes , Filings of Steel , and the like ; also Fat and Oily things , and Volatile Spirits . Take of Coral prepared , and Pearls prepared , each one scruple ; of white Chalk half a scruple , of white Sugar three drams ; make a Powder to be divided into six Doses . Take two Papers in a day , three or four hours after eating , in a Spoonful of strong Wine . If a Liquid Medicine be more pleasing , let him take a Spoonful of the following Mixture now and then . Take of the Waters of Mint two ounces , and of Scurvy-grass-water , and of the Tincture of Cinnamon made by Infusion in rectified Spirit of Wine , each half an ounce ; of Syrup of Wormwood one ounce ; mingle them . Or , Take of Oyl of Mace by Distillation , and of the Oyl of Juniper-berries , each one scruple ; mingle them in a Glass : Let the Sick take two or three drops of this Oyl in a Spoonful of Malago Sack , or in any other generous Wine , or in the foregoing mixture , and let him eat fat Broths . Appetite diminished or abolished must be cured by Medicines that evacuate , and correct Flegmatick and Viscid Humours : Acids and Spices correct them , Coloquintida , Turbith , Hermodactiles , evacuate them . Take of Mint-water two ounces , of Cinnamon-water half an ounce , of Syrup of Fennel one ounce , of Spirit of Salt a sufficient quantity to make it pleasantly Acid. Or , Take of Tartar vitriolated half a dram , of Cream of Tartar one dram ; of white Sugar-candy two drams ; mingle them ; make a Powder to be divided into three Doses . Let him take one or two in a day in Rhenish-wine , or in the preceding mixture ; and if he please , instead of Spirit of Salt , he may add half a dram of Elixir proprietatis to be taken by Spoonfuls They that dislike Acids , may take the following mixture by Spoonfuls . Take of the Waters of Mint , and of Fennel , each one ounce and an half ; of Aqua vitae Matthioli six drams , of Oyl of Mace by Distillation three drops , of Syrup of Mint one ounce . They that had rather take a medicated Wine , may use the following . Take of the Roots of Elecampane , and of Acorus , each two drams ; of the leaves of Sage , Marjoram , Garden-rue , each one handful ; of the Seeds of sweet Fennel two drams , of Orange-peel dried one dram ; being cut , and grossly bruised , put them into a Bag , and hang it in a Glass , and pour on it twenty ounces of Whitewine ; after it has stood a night in a Cellar , three , four or five ounces may be taken in a Morning Fasting , or at Dinner or Supper , as every one pleases , or as they find it agrees best with them . And fresh Wine may be put on as long as the Aromatick Vertue remains in the Ingredients . When Purging is necessary , Take of the greater Faetid Pills half a dram , of Coche one scruple , Extractum Catholicon ten grains , Oyl of Cloves two drops ; mix them , make fifteen Pills , gild them , or cover them with Powder of Liquorish or Cinnamon . Let the Sick take five of these Pills , or more , if he be hard , to Purge . But if you design to add Chymical Medicines in form of Pills , you may prescribe in the following manner : Take of Gum-ammoniacum , or Opoponax , or the like , cleansed by Vinegar , and afterwards thickned , half a dram ; of the Troches Alhandal , Mercurius dulcis , each one scruple ; mix them , make fifteen Pills , and gild them : Let the Sick , take five or more of them . But if the form of an Apozem seem more convenient for the Sick , he having no great Aversion to bitter things , the following is convenient . Take of Liquorish rasped half an ounce , of the Roots of Smalage one ounce , of the Shavings of Guajacum three ounces , of Laurel-berries , and Seeds of Annise , each two drams ; of the Pulp of Coloquintida half a dram ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Rain-water , in thirty ounces of the strained Decoction , dissolve of Syrup of Roses solutive , with Senna of Diacnicum , each one ounce and an half ; of the Salt of Tartar vitriolated two Scruples ▪ Tincture of Cinnamon one ounce ; mix them . Let the Sick take three , four or five ounces of this Decoction once or twice a day , by which the Flegmatick and viscid Humours , are both corrected and evacuated per Epicrasin . In the mean time let the Sick abstain from fat and viscid Meats : Let him use a clear Air that is hot and dry : Let Sleeping be diminished if it be too long : Let the Mind be chearful : Let the Motion and Exercise of the Body be moderate . Evacuation by Stool and Urine , daily ought to be proportionable to what is taken in by the Mouth , if it can be conveniently . Appetite diminished by fat Choler is presently cured by correcting of it , if it abound too much it must be evacuated either by Stool or Vomit , For correcting of this Choler , there is nothing more effectual than Elixir Proprietatis given in Wine , or any other convenient Mixture , five or six drops at a time , especially before Eating . Those who do not love Acids , may take in place of it sweet Spirit of Salt , prepared with rectified Spirit of Wine by several Cohobations . The same Choler is corrected by Wormwood , and Wormwood-wine ; in the place of which also , other Aromatick Plants may be likewise infused in Wine , which may be drank in a small Quantity at Dinner and Supper . Such Plants are Mountain-calamint , Marjoram , Rosemary , Garden-rue , Hyssop , Thym , Sage , and the like . Choler is very conveniently evacuated by Vomit , by several Medicines prepared of Antimony , as Crocus Metallorum , Glass of Antimony , and the Sapa Vomitoria that is made of it , Oxysarcharum , or Oxymel Vomitorium , Mercurius Vitae , or the like . Rhubarb , Scammony , Tamarinds , and the like , evacuate Choler by Stool . Scammony may be prepared presently and well , if a convenient Dose of it , twelve or fifteen Grains , more or less , according to the Age and Constitution of the Sick , be powdered in a Mortar , and a little Baulm-water , Succory-water , or the like , be poured upon it , and rubbed with it till it becomes of a milky Colour ; pour it off and put more Water on , that all the Vertue of the Scammony may be extracted leaving the black Faeces at the Bottom ; then add to the Liquor of Cinnamon-water , or Fennel-water , or some other Aromatick-water , two drams ; of Syrup of Roses solutive , or the like , two or three drams ; and so you will have a very pleasant Purging Draught ; and that it may work the easier , a Scruple or half a dram of Cream of Tartar may be drank in Broth half an Hour after taking the Purging Draught . Pleasant Tablets may be also made of Scammony in the following manner . Take of Christals of Tartar one ounce and an half , of Diagridium three drams , of Oyl of Cinnamon six drops , of white Sugar dissolved in Rose-water eight ounces ; mingle them , make Tablets . These Tablets may be conveniently prescribed for Infants , Children , and delicate People ; the highest Dose of them is from three drams to half an ounce ; an Infant must take but half a dram , or a dram , a Youth may take two drams . They who are afraid to use Scammony or Medicines made of Scammony , though it be a kind , safe , and powerful Medicine , may use Rhubarb in the following manner . Take of choice Rhubarb rasped two drams , of the best crude Tartar half a dram , of Succory-water a sufficient quantity ; infuse them all Night over ashes or in a Bath , to the Liquor strained , gently add of Syrup of Roses solutive , or of Succory with Rhubarb , half an ounce , of Cinnamon water two drams , and to take off the nauseous Smell of the Rhubarb , and to expel Wind , add of Oyl of Annise-seeds two or three drops ; make a Draught . To evacuate the over abounding Choler , those that had rather use an Electuary may take of the following . Take of the Pulp of sharp and sweetish Prunes ten ounces , of Cream of Tartar , and the best Scammony , each two ounces ; of choice Rhubarb ten drams , of sharp Cinnamon half an ounce , of Yellow Sanders two drams , of clarified Sugar a Pound ; mingle them , make an Electuary . The Dose is from three drams to half an ounce ; It may also be dissolved in some convenient Water , and so you may make a Potion of it . The Cure of a depraved Appetite , depends on the Purification of the Blood and Humours : But Volatile Salts are more successful in this case than any other Medicines , a few grains of them being taken twice or thrice in a day in Wine or some other Liquor , especially at Dinner or Supper ; and to evacuate the vicious Humours , Purging and Vomiting must be used . CHAP. LXIV . Of Nauseousness , Belching , and Vomiting . IN perfect Health nothing is wont to be evacuated upwards by the Mouth , wherefore whatever comes this way signifies Sickness , whether it be Meat , Wind , or a thick or thin Liquor . When Wind comes forth with a Noise it is called Belching , when the Meat is ejected it is called Vomiting . Nauseousness always precedes Vomiting , and sometimes Belching . Wind by reason of the Clamminess of its Nature , sticks to the Stomach , and is difficultly excluded , and is often accompanied with an Inflation of the Stomach . Belching arises from windy Meats , or from other flatulent things taken inwardly , as Chesnuts , Pease , Beans , Turneps , Redishes , and the like , or from Flegmatick and viscid Humours sticking to the Stomach , and rarified to Wind by taking Aromaticks . That the material cause of Wind , is a Flegmatick and clammy Humour , is evident from the Antecedent Causes ; as from Meats of a like kind , viz. Milk , Fish , especially Sea-Fish , and the Feet of Animals , and Gellies ; and from the Cure , which is wholly performed by evacuating and correcting Flegmatick Humours . As in Belching , only Wind is evacuated , so in Vomiting , either Meat crude , or more or less fermented , or various sorts of Humours , as Watery , serous flegmatick , and cholerick , and the like ; thin , thick , white , yellow , green , Sky coloured , or black Humours , or the like , insipid , bitter , acid , rough , sweet , stinking , or Humours without Taste , and sometimes bloody Matter , or Excrements . All Vomiting is occasioned by the Stomach being Primarily or Secondarily affected . The Stomach is Primarily affected , when the Cause of Vomiting , or of the Peristaltick Motion inverted is in it self . It is Secondarily affected by consent from other Parts ; and it is provoked to the Inversion of its Peristaltick Motion , in Part or altogether by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts , which is sometimes occasioned by the violent Agitation of the Diaphragma , and of the Muscles of the Belly by a violent Cough . The Stomach is primarily disposed to vomit , first when it is inflamed , excoriated , or ulcerated ; then it is easily excited to any violent Contraction of it self from any sort of Nourishment taken . Secondly , When the Nourishment by its Quantity , and chiefly by its Quality , is troublesome to the Stomach . Thirdly , when sharp Humours from he Head fall upon the S●omach , and corrode the lower Orifice , and so occasion Vomiting . From the total Inversion of the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts , Vomiting is occasioned , as in the Iliack Passion , whereby Glisters are often vomited up . From the same Motion inverted in Part , Vomiting is occasioned frequently , as in the Cholera Morbus , and from any other Motion upwards of Humours fermenting in the small Guts , and by Reason of the Passage of the Excrements stopped . In a violent Cough the Diaphragm being shaken violently , Vomiting is occasioned ; which we think to be caused by a conjunct Compression of all the Bowels contained in the Abdomen made towards the Breast , which mightily troubles the Stomach , and forces it to the Inversion of the natural Motion . Vomiting oecasioned by things taken in at the Mouth , is quieted of its own accord , so soon as they are vomited up , or upon use of a few Aromaticks , and Opiats , it is stopped and cured . For Instance , Take of Mint-water two ounces , Tincture of Cinnamon two drams , London Landanum two grains , Syrup of Min● half an ounce , mingle them , let the Sick take a spoonful of this Mixture by short Intervals , and the Vomiting will presently cease . Sharp Humours flowing from the Head upon the Stomach , are to be evacuated by proper Purges mentioned before , or corrected by Medicines , that alter and temperate the Noxious Acrimony . Vomiting of Blood occasioned by the Rupture or Erosion of the Vessels of the Stomach and Intestins , is cured by conglutinating them by the following Mixture , which is also useful in other Excresions of the Blood. Take of Plantain-water two ounces , of Cinnamon two drams , distilled Vinegar half an ounce , of red Coral prepared half a dram , of Dragons-blood ten grains , of London Laudanum two grains , of Syrup of Mirtles one ounce ; mingle them . A Spoonful of this Mixture being taken often cures most Ruptures of the Vessels , and will ●top Fluxes of Blood in a short time beyond Expectation . But Blood collected in the Stomach , the Flux , and the Vomiting of it being stopt , will be carried off of its own Accord by Stool ; but if there is danger of the Blood 's coagulating , to the foregoing Mixture may be added half a dram of Crabs-eyes , and one scruple of Diaphoretick Antimony . Vomiting of Matter chiefly following an Inflammation of the Pancreas , or of some neighbouring Part , or some notable Ulcer , must be cured by curing the Primary Distemper . In the mean time you may use the above described Mixture , with Crabs-eyes and Antimonium Diaphoreticum . It will be also proper to give a drop of Balsam of Sulphur annisated in all the Liquor he takes . The belching and generation of Wind will be cured by , First , avoiding Flegmatick and Windy Meats : Secondly , By inciding and evacuating clammy Flegm : Thirdly , By attemperating the Choler if it be acrid : Fourthly , By discussing the Wind that is already made . Acids and Aromaticks , and volatile Salts , incide clammy Flegm , and Flegmagoges purge it off . Spirit of Nitre attemperates Choler when it is acrid better than any thing else ; two or three drops of it being taken in common Beer , or in some convenient Mixture . Most Spices discuss Wind , so do the Oyls of them , but especially the Seeds , Flowers , and Barks ; but Spirit of Niter is better than all , for it corrects Choler and Flegm , and hinders the Generation of Wind , and discusses that which is generated . The following Mixture is also good to expel Wind from the Stomach and Bowels . Take of the Waters of Mint , and Fennel , each two ounces ; of Spirit of Wine rectified one ounce , of the sweet Spirit of Niter twenty drops , of London Laudanum three grains , of Oyl of Mace by Distillation six drops , of Syrup of Mint one ounce and an half ; mingle them . This Mixture must be taken by Spoonfuls , often or seldom according to the degree of Pain , and Quantity of Wind. Silvius's Carminative Spirit is made in the following manner . Take of the Roots of Angelica one dram , of Master-wort , and Galingal , each one dram and an half ; of the Flowers of Rosemary , and Marjoram , Garden-rue , and of the Herb called Basilicon , and of the Tops of the lesser Centaury , each half a handful ; of Bay-berries three drams , of the Seeds of Angelica , Lovage , and Annise , each half an ounce ; of Ginger , Nutmegs , and Mace , each one dram and an half ; of Cinnamon six drams , of Cloves , and the Bark of Oranges , each one dram ; cut them and powder them grosly , and pour upon them twenty quarts of Maligo Wine ; digest them two days in a Bath , then distil them till they are dry , pour all again upon the Ingredients , and distil off three Fourths . CHAP. LXV . Of the Hickops THe Hickops are a Convulsive Motion of the Stomach . The Matter occasioning the Hickops is either collected in the Stomach , or communicated to it from the Liver , Spleen , Bowels , or other Parts , or from the whole Body ; so sharp Meats or Medicines , sharp Humours or Worms contained in the Stomach , may occasion an Idiophathick Hickop : But a Sympathick is occasioned by Inflammations of the neighbouring Parts , or from Humours , or sharp Vapours transferred to the Stomach from Diseases of the whole Body , as in acute and malignant Feavers . The Signs of the Causes must be thus distinguished : If it be Idiopathick it is more continual , and Signs of Humours contained , in the Stomach appear , and then it is cured by Vomiting . The Peccant Humour collected in the Stomach , may be known by Vomiting , Belching , a Taste in the Mouth , and other Signs , If it proceed from a Disease of any other Part , the Signs of it must be sought for in the proper Chapters . As to the Prognostick , that Hickop from any Procatarctick cause , as from Meat , Drink , or Cold , is not dangerous ; and also that which precedes a critical Vomiting If it happen in a Feaver , it shews that the Disease is very dangerous : A Hickop coming after Vomiting is also dangerous . The Cure of this Disease is to be directed to the Causes of it , which as is said before , produce this Disease Sympathically , or Idiopathically ; the Causes that occasion a Sympathick Hickop , are the Diseases of other Parts , which being cured , the Hickop is also taken off , though those Remedies which are proper to remove the Symptom may be used in the mean while . An Idiopathick Hickop is occasioned by Flegm , Wind , Choler , or any other acrid or malignant Humour . That which is occasioned by a Flegmatick Humour must be cured by Remedies that incide , purge , and cleanse that Humour , and that strengthen the Stomach ; to which may be added the following Medicines , which are peculiarly proper for the Symptom . Take of Tincture of Castor one dram , of the Juice of Mint four ounces . Let the Sick take a spoonful or two at a time , and let his Stomach be anointed with it hot twice or thrice a day . Vinegar of Squills may be taken frequently to incide and dissolve the Matter impacted into the Tunicks of the Stomach ; or instead of it Oxymel of Squills ; Cloves also held frequently in the Mouth do good ; also Elixir Proprietatis described by Crollius is good . Take of the Seeds of Dill two or three drams ; boil them gently in eight ounces of good Wine : Let the Sick tak● two Spoonfuls Morning and Evening . The Seed also tied up in a Rag may be held to the Nostrils frequently ; when the Disease is obstinate the following Pills are very effectual . Take of Castor , and Mirrh , each three drams ; of Sal-gemma half an ounce , of Diagridium , and Mastich , each one dram ; of the fresh Troches of Agarick three drams , of choice Aloes the Weight of all ; mix them with the Juice of Mint , and make a Mass . Of each dram make six Pills , gild them , let the Sick take two or three in a Morning , two hours before Meat , twice a Week . Pills also made of the Powder of Hiera , with Oxymel , are also good , whereof a dram may be taken at a time . Of the days the Sick does not Purge , let him take the following Powder . Take of the Seeds of Dill half an ounce , of Zedoary , and of Woo● 〈◊〉 Aloes , of Nutmegs , Cloves , and of the Powder of D●●mbra , each one dram ; mix them , let him take two scruples with a little good Wine , or adding three ounces of common Salt , let him use of it with his Meat . Let the following Cataplasm be applied to his Stomach . Take of the Roots of long Birth-wort , of Florentine-orris , of Bayberries , of the Leaves of Rue , and dried Mint , each three drams ; of Castor , and Mirrh , each two drams ; of Cloves , and Hyposistis , each six drams ; with Honey of Rosemary-flowers ; make a Cataplasm . Lastly , when the Disease is very obstinate , we must use a Decoction of Guajacum , and the Bath-water . That which prooceeds from Wind , must be cured by Remedies that are proper to expel Wind : Let Cupping-glasses be applied to the Region of the Stomach , which , like a Miracle , mitigate and take off suddenly flatulent Diseases of the Lower-belly . That which proceeds from an acrid and cholerick Humour , must be cured by Bleeding if there be a Plethora , and by Vomiting , or by Purging every third day . Take of choice Rhubarb powdered , and moistened with Endive-water , half an ounce , of the Pulp of Tamarinds two drams , of the Seeds of Endive , Purslain , and Spodium , each one dram ; of Yellow Sanders , and of Diagridium , each half a dram ; with Syrup of Lemons , make a Mass for Pills ; of half a dram , make four or five Pills to be taken in the Morning . Of other Days let him take the Conserve of Roses and Borrage , mixed with a little of the Powder of the three Sanders . Emulsions of the cold Seeds attemperate powerfully the Acrimony of the Humours ; Syrup of Apples mixed with Syrup of Quinces is also good ; hot or cold Water , or a Ptisan is also to be drank freely of . Foment the Stomach with a Spunge dipt in Rose-vinegar , and apply the following Plaister to the Back and Stomach . Take of the Ceratum Santalinum , and of Ointment of Roses , each one ounce ; of Mastich half an ounce , of the Bark of Citron , and of the Flesh of Quinces , each one dram ; with the Juice of Housleek ; and with a little Turpentine , make Plaisters . If there be a Suspicion of a malignant Quality , Treacle or some other Alexipharmick must be prescribed ; and the Region of the Stomach must be anointed with the Oyl of Scorpions . But from whatsoever Cause the Hickops arise , the following Medicines are to be used . First , The Peccant Humour must be evacuated by Vomit , if the Sick can bear it , and it must be repeated , if the Disease be lessened by it , but not quite taken away : and strong Vomits must be given , if the Case so require , as Platerus teaches in his Practice , whereof he mentions an Observation in these Words . A Surgeon was seized with the Hickops , and they were so continual Night and Day , that he cou'd not sleep , nor scarce speak or eat , being extreamly weakned by them , he earnestly desired we should give him a strong Chimical Vomit , which being taken , he cast up a vast Quantity of green and black Choler , the Vomiting stopt , and he recovered . But if the Sick cannot take a Vomit , he must be purged by stool , but the Humour must be first prepared by things that incide and cleanse : Afterwards these things that follow are convenient . Cupping-glasses must be applied opposite to the Region of the Stomach , and to the Stomach . The Stomach must be bound with a Swath-band , that it may not be so much dilated . Ligatures of the Extremities must be used . Let him eat Anniseeds , which is thought to Cure the Hickops peculiarly . Frequently Glisters must be injected , to draw away the Noxious Humours from the Stomach . Young Animals must be applied to the Stomach . Vinegar of Squills may be taken by Spoonfuls . Sneezing casts off the Matter impacted in the Coats of the Stomach . As the Physician Chrysimacus cured Aristophanes of a Hickop by provoking Sneezing , when he could not do it by stopping of the Spirits , and Gargling with cold Water . Pills made of one dram of Aloes , and three grains of London Laudanum are good . Platerus in his Observations says , That he cured a Boy of ten Years of Age , that had the Hickops for eight Days and Nights continually , with the Water of green Nuts distilled , with Radishes infused , first in Vinegar , which he gave him to provoke Vomiting ; and though he did not Vomit at all , yet he was cured . But to conclude , Narcoticks wiil do the Business when nothing else will. CHAP. LXVI . Of Vomiting of Blood. THe conjunct cause , is the Quantity or Quality of the Blood exceeding . The external causes , are Wounds and Bruises , and violent Heat , or immoderate Cold , or unaccustomed Labour and Excercise , or Hollowing . If the Blood flow from the Stomach , there will be almost always a continual Pain and Weight there , and the quantity of it will not be much , because the Veins of the Stomach are small , and Nauseousness will accompany it , and 〈◊〉 Blood will be mixed sometimes with Meat , sometimes with Choler , and sometimes with Flegm . If it flow from the Head , there will be a Tickling perceived about the Jaws and Pallate , and Blood will flow sometimes from the Nostrils mixed with Snot , and a Pain or Heaviness of the Head precedes . If Vomiting of Blood proceeds from a Suppression of the Courses , it will be Periodical . As to the Prognostick , Vomiting of Blood from what Cause soever it arises , is dangerous ; for if too great a quantity be evacuated , there is Danger of Death ; if it coagulate in the Stomach , and corrupt there , it occasions Fainting . But a Vomiting of Blood from Suppression of Courses is least dangerous . They which fall into a Dropsie by Vomiting of Blood die . It must be cured by Medicines that cause a Revulsion of the Blood from the Stomach , and by such as attemperate it , and stop the Apertion of the Veins . And First , Because an orderly Diet is of great use in this Case , the common Diet ought to be astringent and Emplastick , and also cooling , as Barley Broths , Almond and Rice Diet , Water-gruel , and Jellies , and especially Starch boiled in Milk , whereunto may be added Pomegranate Juice , or a little Rose-vinegar ; hard Eggs may be also used dipt in Vinegar . Also Bread dipt in Water ; Chicken Broth , with Wood-sorrel , Purslain , and Plantane boiled in it ; but at the beginning of eating , some Astringent thing should be taken , as a Quince baked under Ashes , Medlars , or the like . Let the Sick abstain from all acrid , salt , peppered , and fried Meats , and also from such things as yield a great deal of Nourishment , unless the Weakness of the Sick requires that they should be taken sparingly . He must drink but little , and when he does , he must drink Water wherein Iron has been quenched , with a little Juice of Pomegranates in it . The Air must be somewhat Cold , but he must not expose himself to the Winds , nor to the Rays of the Sun or Moon : He must sleep moderately , and his Body must be kept open , and his Mind free from Passion . Bleeding must be used sparingly , and it must be repeated ; Frictions and Ligatures must be used , and cleansing Glisters must be injected . Apply Cupping-glasses to the Buttocks , Legs , Loins , and Hypochondres . Let two Spoonfuls of Oxycrat be given , if there be a Suspicion of coagulated Blood ; for by the use of it , it may be easily dissolved , and driven from the Veins of the Stomach , and they will be stopt thereby ; foment the Region of the Stomach also with it cold ; and if the Sick does not Vomit , the following Mixture may be used to stop the Veins , Take the White of one Egg , of Rose-water , and Vinegar , each one dram and an half ; shake them well , and add to them two drams of Starch ; mix them , and let the Sick take it by Spoonfuls . Or , Take of prepared Coral , sealed Earth , Bole-armonick , Blood-stone , Troches of Ambar , each one dram ; of Plantane-water , and Syrup of Mirtles , each two ounces ; mingle them , let the Sick take it as before . Or , Let the Sick take Morning and Evening , four ounces of the Juice of Plantane cold . Galen says , That nothing is better than this Juice to stop any Flux of Blood. The Juice of Purslain and Knot-grass is also good for the same Purpose . Take of the Waters of Plantane , and Purslain , each one ounce and an half ; of Syrup of Mirtles half an ounce , of Syrup of Poppies one ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep to be repeated often . Take of old conserve of Roses , and of Comfrey-roots , each one ounce ; of Marmalad of Quinces half an ounce , one Mirobalan candied , Troches of Ambar , and of Lemnian Earth , each two drams ; of Coral prepared , and of Saffron of Mars , each one dram ; with Syrup of dried Roses ; make an Opiat to be used frequently . Troches of Ambar do not only bind , but also dissolve concreted Blood , and therefore are frequently to be used : Tincture of Coral , made with Juice of Lemons , is also very good . But when the Blood is evacuated violently , and cannot be stopt by the forementioned Medicines , Narcoticks must be taken inwardly , and injected by Glisters , and the Region of the Stomach must be anointed with Oyl of Roses and of Mirtles washed in Vinegar , and after you have anointed it , sprinkle on Powder of Coral , Bole-armonick , and sealed Earth ; or anoint the Stomach with the following Ointment . Take of the Juices of Plantane , and Knot-grass , each one ounce and an half ; Rose-vinegar one ounce , of Omphacin Oyl six ounces ; boil them to the Consumption of the Juices , then add of Dragons-blood , Mastich , Pomegranate peels , and Mirtles , each two drams ; of Camphor one scruple , with a sufficient quantity of red Wax , make an Ointment . Let him drink Water wherein hot Iron hath been quenched , with Syrup of Quinces and Spirit of Vitriol in it , and let his Broths be made of the same Water . Let his Loins and Hypochondres be fomented with a Decoction made of Plantane and Purslain in Oxycrat ; and let it be used when it is almost cold ; and let him put his Hands into cold Water ; Afterwards let the foresaid Parts be anointed with Galen's cooling Ointment washed in Vinegar . Bleeding being sufficiently used , gentle and frequent Purging must be ordered , whereby the Blood may be cleared from Serous and Cholerick Humours occasioning this Disease : But they ought to be made of Rhubarb , Myrobalans , Tamarinds , and the like , which Bind as well as Purge , and do not stir the Humours ; they may be given in the form of a Bolus with Syrup of Mirtles , or dried Roses , or in a Potion made of a Decoction of Sorrel , Succory , Purslain , and the like . When Purging is used , which ought to be continued for three or four days , at Bed-time , after every Purge , the forementioned Opiate , Syrup of Coral , or some other astringent and Corroberating Medicine must be used . Lastly , For Precaution , a● dram of Rhubarb powdered must be given once a week for a long time . CHAP. LXVII . Of the Cholera Morbus , i. e. Vomiting and Loosness . THis Disease was most Epidemical in the Year 1669 , says Doctor Sydenham , than ever he knew it in any other Year ; it comes as certainly at the latter end of Summer , as Swallows at the beginning of Spring , and as Cuckows at the Heat of the following Season . That Disease which is occasioned by a Surfeit comes at any time , the Symptoms are indeed alike , and the Cure the same , yet it is of another kind . The Disease is easily known , for there are violent Vomitings , and an Evacuation of ill Humours , with great Difficulty and Trouble by Stool ; there is a violent Pain and Inflation of the Belly and Guts , an Heart-burning , Drouth , and quick-pulse , with Heat and Anxiety , with great Nauseousness , and sometimes a Colliquative Sweat , Contractions of the Arms and Legs , Fainting , a Coldness of the extream Parts , and such-like Symptoms , which greatly terrifie the By-standers , and kill the Patient in twenty four Hours . There is also a dry Cholera from a flatuous Spirit breaking out above and below without Vomiting and Loosness . I have found , by diligent Application of Mind , and by manifold Eperience , that if on the one hand I should endeavour to expel the sharp Humours , that are the Fewel of the Disease , by Catharticks , I should do just as he that endeavours to quench Fire with Oyl , seeing the Operation of the most gentle Cathartick wou'd but give farther Disturbance , and raise new Tumults : And on the other Hand , should I at the first restrain the primary Effort with Narcotick Medicines , and other Astringents , whilst I hindred natural Evacuation , and detained the Humour against Nature , the Patient would be undoubtedly destroyed by an intestine War , his Enemy being inclosed in his Bowels : For these Reasons therefore , I thought I must go the middle Way , that I might partly evacuate , and partly dilute the Humour . I ●ound out this Method several Years ago , and have long experienced it , and have by it many Times reduced this Disease to good Order . A Young Chicken is boiled in about three Gallons of Spring-water , so that the Liquor hath scarce any Relish of the Chick . The Patient is ordered to drink several large Draughts of this a little warm ; at the same time a good quantity will serve for several Glisters , to be given successively , until all the Broths be consumed , and rendred upwards and downwards ; an ounce of the Syrups of Lettice , Violets , Purslain , Water-lilly , may be now and then mixt with the Draughts and Glisters ; though the Broth may do very well without any such Addition . So the Stomach being loaded with a considerable quantity of the Liquor , and as I may say turned , and the Injection of Glisters being reiterated , the sharp Humours are either cast out , or their Acrimony being taken off , they are reduced to a due Temper , the Filth being cast up by these means , which require three or fours Hours : Some Paragorick Medicine perfects the Cure ; I use this often . Take of Couslip-water one ounce , of Aqua-mirabilis one dram , Liquid Laudanum fourteen drops . Instead of which any Shop-Narcotick may be made use of , and this way of diluting the Humours is much safer , and more expedite , than that which is most commonly taken to stop this most dangerous Disease ; viz. either by Evacuaters or Astringents ; because the Tumult is heightned by Evacuaters , and all things are put in a Hurly-burly by them ; and the other , on the contrary , detain an Enemy in the Bowels , and of a Stranger do plainly make him an Inhabitant : To say nothing of the tedious Trouble created to the Patient , when the Disease is protracted , whereby at length the Bad Humours creep into the Mass of Blood , and easily kindle a malignant Fever . But it is to be diligently noted , That if the Phisician be not called till the Voming and Loosness have continued many Hours , suppose ten or twelve , and the Patient is worn out , so that the extream Parts wax cold ; I say in this case , all other Remedies being omitted , he must immediately fly to Laudanum , the sacred Anchor in this Disease , which is not only to be given when the Symptoms are urgent , but also after the Vomiting and Loosness go off , and to be repeated Morning and Evening daily , till the Patient has recovered his Strength and Health . Though this Disease be Epidemical , yet it very seldom lasts longer than August , in which it first began ; on which Account I have been induced to contemplate that most subtile and elegant Artifice , which Nature uses in the Production of Epidemick Diseases ; for though the same Causes wholly remain , so that many should be seised with this Disease as well in September as August , by reason of eating too much Fruit , yet we see the same Effect does not follow : And he that has carefully collected the Phaenomena of a legitimate Cholera , of which only we treat at present , will confess , that that Disease which invades at any other time of the Year , though coming upon the same occasion , and accompanied with some of the same Symptoms , is quite different from this now spoken of ; just as if there were some secret and peculiar thing in the Air of this peculiar Month , able to impress on the Blood , or on the Ferment of the Stomach , some such specifick Alteration adapted only to this Disease . CHAP. LXVIII . Of a Pain in the Stomach . A Pain of the Stomach proceeds from something that distends and gnaws it , and so causes a Solution of the Continuum . But in the Stomach three very different Parts are to be considered , viz. The upper and lower Orifice , and the Body of it which makes its Cavity . The upper Orifice is indued with an exquisite Sense , because a great Nerve is placed there proceeding from the sixth Conjugation , and therefore the Pains in it are very sharp , and the Heart , by reason of its nearness is also affected ; and therefore this Pain is called Cardialgia , and Cardiogmos ; and so great is the Agreement of the Heart with the upper Orifice of the Stomach , that the Ancients called this Orifice 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But if the Membranes , constituting the Cavity of the Stomach , or if the lower Orifice be affected , it is called a Pain of the Stomach , or the Cholick of the Stomach , especially when it is occasioned by Wind. The next cause of this Pain , is a Solution of the Continuum occasioned by things that bite and distend ; and those things that chiefly and most frequently bite and distend the Stomach , are Humours , or Wind , whereunto may be added Worms velicating the Tunicks of the Stomach . Acrid and Malignant Humours , as green or Black Choler , salt Flegm , corrupt Ichor , Stinking Matter coming from an Abscess of the Liver or Breast broken , and poured upon the Stomach , and all other Acrimonious Humours , may occasion a Pain of the Stomach . Also acid Vapours arising from the said Humours may occasion the same Pain : Wind also contained in the Cavity of the Stomach may occasion Inflation , and a painful Tension , but especially when it is contained within the Tunicks of the Stomach , which makes the Disease obstinate , because it can be hardly discussed . Diseases also of the Stomach , and of the neighbouring Parts are wont to occasion this Pain , as a hot or cold Intemperies , Inflammation , Schirrhus , or any other hard Tumour occasioning a heavy Pain : And lastly , Wounds and Ulcers of the Part , and Tumours and Inflations of the Neighbouring Parts , by pressing the Stomach may occasion Pain . But Humours and Wind that occasion the Pain of the Stomach , are either generated in the Stomach , or flow from the whole Body , or some Parts of it ; from the whole Body in Feavers , or when the Body is full of ill Humours ; from other Parts , but especially from the Liver , Spleen , and Brain ; from the Liver flows Choler , from the Spleen Melancholly and black Choler , from the Head salt Flegm . Also from other extraordinary and rare Causes , such a Pain may arise , as from Stones generated in the Stomach , and the like . Fabritius Hildanus relates , that a Matron having swallowed a piece of the Rine of Bacon , kept it in her Stomach two Years , and was afflicted with continual Pain , and at length by taking a Vomit , she cast it up and was cured . External causes occasioning this Disease , are either Meats infected with an ill Quality , or indued with a great deal of Acrimony , which are sufficient of themselves to occasion such a Pain , or they are apt to generate Winds ; or taken in too great a quantity , they putrifie and become Acrimonious , or they are too hot : Or strong and acrid Medicines , or such as are indued with a destructive Faculty may occasion the Pain ; or when they are taken in too great a quantity , or not being well corrected , and Poisons may also occasion the same Pain . The Diagnostick Signs are to be directed to the Part affected and to the cause , and first the Situation of the Pain shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected , when it is perceived under the Xiphoid Cartilage , but the violence of the Pain occasioned by the exquisite sense of the Part shews more certainly that this Part is affected , and that it is a true Cardialgia , so do the Anxiety and Restlesness , so that the Sick cannot abide in one Posture , there is also Fainting and Swooning by Reason of the Consent of the Heart , wherewith there is a great Sympathy , not only by Reason of the Nearness , but because there is a great Loss of Spirits by the violence of the Pain ; sometimes also the Brain is affected by Sympathy , by reason of the great Nerve that is implanted in this Part , and because acrid Vapours are elevated to the Head from the Stomach , upon which account Head-achs , Giddiness , and the Falling-Sickness arise sometimes . In other Parts of the Stomach there are also sharp Pains , but they are not accompanied with so grievous Symptoms , and they resemble Chollick Pains , but they differ in Situation . The causes occasioning these Pains are distinguished by their proper Signs , whereof the most plain are known by things evacuated ; for if Flegm , or Choler , or Wind , or Worms , are ejected by Vomit or Stool , it is easie to conjecture that the Disease proceeds from such Causes ; but though there be no Evacuation of the Morbifick Matter , we may know by peculiar Signs , when Choler , Flegm , or Wind abounds . The Signs also of Worms may be taken from the Chapter of Worms , and the peculiar Diseases of the Stomach it self , or of the Neighbouring Parts occasioning this Disease may be known by every ones proper Signs ; the Humour causing the Pain may be also guessed at by the Time of the Invasion , of its Increase and Cessation ; for in some the Pain is ▪ worst before eating , and this signifies that Choler prevails , which when the Sick is fasting is drawn into the Stomach , or becomes more acrid thereby ; in others the Pain begins presently after eating , because the crude and biting Humours , which before lay quiet in the Tunicks of the Stomach , are disturbed by eating ; or being seated in the bottom of the Stomach , they at that time are raised , and offend the upper Orifice , and in some the Pain is worst whilst the Meat is concocting , because acrid and biting Vapours are elevated from the Morbifick Matter by the Heat increased in the Stomach at the Time of Concoction ; in others four or five Hours after eating , because the Meat is corrupted by the Concoction being depraved , by which means it velicates the Stomach ; in others the Pain is augmented after Sleep , and this is occasioned by a Catarrh , the Humour flowing from the Brain in the Sleep , which being heaped up in a great quantity occasions Pain when the Sick awakes ; but the Pain is sometimes quieted by eating , the Acrimony of the Humours being asswaged by the Benignity of the Food . As to the Prognostick , it is certain that a Cardialgia is much more dangerous than other Pains of the Stomach , by reason of the exquisite sense of the Mouth of the Stomach , and the great Sympathy that is betwixt that and the principle parts . The greater or lesser is the Pravity of the Morbifick cause , and the violence of the Symptoms , so is the Danger more or less . A continual and acute Feaver , joined with a great Pain of the Stomach , threatens great Danger ; for Hippocrates says , Aphor. 65. Section 5. A great Heat about the Stomach , and Cardiogmos in Feavers , are ill , for they signifie a great Quantity of vitious Humours contained in the Stomach . A Pain of the Stomach , occasioned by Worms or Wind is most commonly less dangerous , for that the Cause is not so obstinate , and not fixed to the Part ; but yet sometimes violent Symptoms arise from Worms contained in the Stomach , and biting it , whereby the Sick is presently killed ; and also when the Intemperies occasioning Wind is obstinate , as it were habitual , it is not without Danger , because it degenerates into a dry Dropsie . Hippocrates , Aphor. 7. Sect. 4. says , That Coldness in the extream parts , in a Cardialgia , portends Death . The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the Variety of the Causes , for if it arises from the Diseases of other Parts , the Cure of them must be taken Care of ; but if the Cause be seated in the Stomach it self , the Pain proceeds either from Wind or sharp and cholerick Humours , or from an Inflammation , Abscess , or Ulcer . That which is generated by Wind , must be cured by Remedies that discuss and evacuate that flatulent Matter , and also Flegm which breeds Wind. And first , An emollient and loosning Glister must be injected , and presently after a carminative and discussing Glister made of the Decoction of the Leaves of Wild-marjoram , Calaminth , Penny-royal , Rue , and the lesser-centaury , the Seeds of Annise , Fennel , Daucus , Cummin , and the like , wherein may be dissolved Benedictum Laxativum , Oyl of Dill , Rue , and Honey of Rosemary . If the Pain continue , a Glister must be made of Oyl of Rue , or of Nuts , and of generous Wine each equal Parts , you must add to it two ounces of Aqua-vitae , or you may prepare a Glister of Whitewine mixed with eight drops of Oyl of Juniper , Cinnamon , or of Chymical Oyl of Cloves ▪ Afterwards the following Fomentation must be applyed to the Region of the Stomach . Take of the Roots of Cyperus , Galingal , sweet smelling Flag , each one ounce ; of the Leaves of Mint , wild-marjoram● Marjoram , Penny-royal , Hyssop and Sage , each one handful ; of the Seeds of Fennel , Daucus , Caraways , Bay-berries , each half an ounce ; of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , Rosemary , and Lavinder , each one Pugil ; cut them and beat them , and put them into two Bags , boil them in generous Wine , press them out and ●pply them hot to the Stomach and Belly by turns . But when the Matter is not very cold , the following Fomentation may be prepared , which is much commended by Forestus , and he says , it will give Ease when other Medicines will do no good , Take of the Roots of Marshmallows half an ounce , of red Roses , the Flowers of Camomil , and of the Tops of Centaury , each one handful ; boil them in Fountain and Camomil-water to a Pint and an half ; at last add a little good Rhenish-wine , Rose-water , and Vinegar , make a Fomentation . After the Fomentation , anoint the parts with Oyl of Rue , and Dill mixed with Aqua-vitae , and a little of the Oyl of Sage , or of Cloves Chimically extracted ; after the Anointing apply the Plaister of Laurel-berries , or instead of it a Cataplasm made of Honey and the Seeds of Cummin . In the mean time whilst these things are about , if the Stomach be nauseous , Vomiting may be provoked by some gentle Vomit , or a Purge may be given that evacuates Flegm . After the Body is purged , Oyl of bitter Almonds mixed with White-wine may be taken , or Aqua-clareta , or Cinnamon-water . The following Julep is very effectual to ease Pain , discuss Wind , to cleanse Flegm , and to strengthen the Stomach . Take of the Leaves of common Worm-wood , of the lesser Centaury , and Agrimony , each half an handful ; boil them to five ounces ; in the Liquor dissolve one ounce of white Sugar . Let it be taken for two days in the Morning . Amatus Lusitanus greatly commends the distilled Water of Camomil-flowers , as a special Remedy to ease Pains of the Bowels and Stomach ; three ounces of it may be taken warm ; or in the place of this Water , a Decoction of Camomil-flowers may be used , which is greatly commended by Forestus , who says , that he cured a certain Merchant of a violent Pain in the Stomach , with only giving this Decoction once ; he had no sooner drank it than he fell into a Sweat , belching up Wind , and in a Minute all the Pains went off , so that there was no occasion for any other Remedies . A Vomit may be prepared of this Decoction , made with Seeds of Dill , or with Agarick , or the Roots of Wake-robin , wherein may be dissolved Oxymel , Syrup of Sorrel , or of Roses solutive , which may be given at the beginning of the Disease to mitigate the Pain by evacuation . Galen says , that a Cupping-glass applied to the Stomach removes the Pain wonderfully , but this Caution must be taken notice of , viz. That but little or no crude Humour be in the Stomach , for if there be , it will increase the Pain . Bread fresh drawn out of the Oven , cut in the middle , and applied to the Part , does good , either by it self or sprinkled with Aromatick Powders . But if the Disease be obstinate , you must use a Bath made of a Decoction of emollient and healing Herbs , which is safest and most effectual , for it eases the Pain by discussing the Wind , and driving it through rhe Pores of of the Skin . But the Buisness will be sooner done , if in the Bath the Sick take some discutient Remedy , for both concurring the Cure will be effectually performed . The Bath ought to be very hot , that the Wind may be the easier discussed , and that the gross Humours may be melted , If Glisters cannot be injected or retained , by reason of the violence of the Pain , a Purge must be given in the Bath , where the Sick must continue half an hour or an hour till the Purge begins to operate . But sometimes when there is danger , by reason of the violence of the Pain , Narcoticks must be given , which being prudently administred do often a great deal of good . Some mix Narcoticks with Purgers , that the Pain may be eased , and the peccant Matter evacuated at the same Time. Take of Diaphaenicon half an ounce , of Philonium Romanum two Scruples ; with the Water or Decoction of Camomil make a Potion . After the Pain is taken off , Purging should be repeated once or twice a Month in such as are subject to this Disease , that the Cause of Wind may be removed ; corroborating Medicines must be also used , but if the Pain arise from Choler , it must be cured by the Evacuation of the peccant Humour , as by a gentle Vomit , or a Purging Medicine ; or by injecting Glisters frequently , which ought to be emollient , not sharp or hot . Afterwards the Acrimony of the Humours is to be mitigated by cooling and thickning Juleps ; by Emulsions of the four greater cold seeds , by new Milk , Oyl of sweet Almonds newly drawn , by Yolks of Eggs and the like . Strenghning Medicines must be used , and Narcoticks upon occasion , and outwardly must be applied a Cataplasm of White-bread Crums boiled in Milk , Yolks of Eggs and Saffron being added . Or you may apply Bread fresh drawn and cut in the middle and moistened with Vinegar ; or let the part be fomented with a Decoction of the Flowers of Camomil , Violets , and of Water-lillies ; or which is much better , let the Sick be bathed with warm Water , for this is very effectual for the Cure of this Disease . If when the Pain is eased , it should chance to return again , the Sick must be purged twice a Month , and the hot Intemperies must be corrected by a cooling Diet and convenient Remedies . But when the Pain proceeds from an Inflammation , Abscess , or Ulcer , it must be cured by Remedies to be proposed in the following Chapter . CHAP. LXIX . Of an Inflammation , Abscess , and Vlcer of the Stomach . THough in the Stomach , as in all other Parts , all sorts of Tumours may happen , yet here we only treat of an Inflammation or Phlegmon , which is most frequent , for other Tumours rarely happen , and may be cured by the same Method , wherewith the Tumours of other inward parts are . An Inflammation of the Stomach is a preternatural Tumour arising from Blood poured upon the Substance of the Stomach , and its Membranes . And this Blood is either pure and sincere , and then it produces a Phlegmon properly so called , or it is mixed with Choler , Flegm , and Melancholly , and then it produces an Oedematous , Schirrhus , Phlegmon , or a Phlegmon mixed with an Erysipelas . There may be many external Causes , viz. Whatsoever renders the Blood hot , as hot Medicines ; drinking of Wine , or whatever forces the Blood thither , as a Bruise of the Stomach , especially when it is full of Meat ; to which may be added hot and acrid things taken inwardly , as Cantharides , Sublimate , and the like . The Diagnostick Signs of this Disease are , a great Burnining , Pricking Distending , Pain with Pulsation , stretching it self to the Back . The Tumour may be felt and sometimes seen ; the Shoulders are drawn backward ; the Breathing , Swallowing , and Belching are difficult . Sometimes something Bloody is Vomited up ; there is a violent Feaver accompanied with dreadful Symptoms . If the Inflammation be purely from Blood it is somewhat gentler , but if it be joined with an E●ysipelas , the Symptoms are very violent , and there is an inward Feaver , though the outward Parts are cold , and the Thirst is unquenchable : To this Inflammation of the Stomach that Inflammation is near of kin , which either seises that Part of the Liver , wherewjth the Stomach is covered , or that lies upon the Region of the Abdomen , which can be only distinguished by the violence of the Symptoms ; for the Inflammation of the Stomach is the most violent and most dangerous . From what has been said , it may be easily prognosticated that this Disease is very dangerous and most commonly deadly . Nevertheless that is most dangerous which seises the upper Orifice of the Stomach , and partakes of the Nature of an Erysipelas . If the Inflammation do not kill , and be not resolved , it degenerates into an Abscess , which is known by the Remission of Heat and Feaver , the Tumour remaining . The Abscess being broken an Ulcer is left behind , which may be known by the Evacuation of Matter by Vomit and Stool . But an Ulcer of the Stomach does not only proceed from an Abscess broken , but also from other causes , which must be here mentioned , least any thing should be desicient in the Theory of it . Therefore the causes of an Ulcer of the Stomach are either Internal or External ; the Internal causes are acrid Humours bred in the Stomach , or transmitted from another place to it , as Yellow and Black Choler , or salt Flegm . The external causes , are acrid and corroding Medicines or Poisons , and hither may be referred Wounds of the Stomach ill cured , which degenerate into an Ulcer ; and also the Rupture of some great Vein , which cannot be well cured after vomiting much Blood up . An Ulcer bred in the Stomach , may be known chiefly by the Evacuation of Matter by Vomit and Stool , to which primary Sign others may be added : For first , There is perceived in the Stomach a pricking Pain with Heat , especially when any thing acrid , salt , acid , or any thing very hot or very cold is taken inwardly . There is moreover a Loss of Appetite , Stinking , Belching , and a small and continual Feaver . The Prognostick is most commonly deadly , unless the Ulcer be very small , and possess the Superficies , and has not a Feaver joined with it ; for the Membrane of the Stomach being ulcerated is difficultly cured , and the Nourishment cannot be well concocted , and it is rejected before a due concoction ; besides Medicines can do little good , for things that cleanse , which are necessary for the Cure of the Ulcer , cause Pain ; and things that dry , which should satisfie the other Indication of Healing the Ulcer , are continually spoiled by the Meat and Drink , and Chyle , and other Humours which always stagnate in a weak Stomach . The Cure of the foresaid Diseases is to be instituted particularly . And first , The Cure of the Inflammation is to be begun by Bleeding repeated in the Arm as often as the Strength will bear ; and though it may seem to be dejected at first by reason of the fainting and Coldness of the extream Parts , yet this Infirmity of the Strength proceeds from an Oppression which requires Evacuation , and therefore Bleeding ought not to be forbid . Moreover , the opening of the Hemorrhoid Veins , if the Sick has been accustomed to this Evacuation , may conveniently cause a Revulsion of the Blood from the Stomach . Cupping-glasses applied to the Back and Buttocks , both dry and moist , Frictions and Ligatures of the extream Parts , and the heating those that are wont to be cold , by applying hot Cloaths , and by anointing them with Oyl of Orris , Nard , and with other hot things , may be also conveniently used to draw the Blood from the Stomach . But Purging is not allowed of , because it disturbes the Humours , and draws them to the Part affected . Yet Avicen commends a Decoction of Tamarinds , or half an ounce of Cassia , dissolved in Endive-water , or in Whey , and would have it given daily till the seventh Day ; yet it is better to abstain from all purging at the Beginning ; but the Seventh Day being over , and some Signs of Concoction and Declination appearing , Purging may be instituted with a dram of Rhubarb , and a Scruple of red Sanders infused in Borrage-water ; you must add one or two ounces of the Syrup of Roses , that the Filth sticking to the Part may be evacuated . In the mean while Lenient , cooling , and emollient Glisters must be daily injected . Take of Chicken-broth , or a Decoction of Mallows and Violets , one Pint ; of Cassia fresh drawn one ounce , of Oyl of Roses and Violets , each two ounces ; of Sugar one ounce and an half , Yolks of Eggs number two ; make a Glister . The same altering and corroborating things may be taken inwardly , which were proposed for a Cure of the Pain of the Stomach occasioned by a Cholerick Humour . But Syrup of Water-lillies , and of the Juice of Purslain , are peculiarly proper , especially at the beginning ; because they may serve instead of a repelling Medicine . Emulsions also of the four cold Seeds , and of the Seeds of white-Poppies are proper , for they are lenitive , and qualifie the Heat , and so do also the following Juleps . Take of the Waters of Roses three ounces , of Plantane two ounces , of the Juice of Sorrel one ounce and an half , of Sugar of Roses one ounce , boil them a little and strain them . Let him take two ounces twice or thrice a Day . If the Pain be very violent , Syrup of Poppies may be taken . Let him use for his Drink Barley-water sweetned with Syrup of Violets , which he must drink cold . In Progress of the Disease , Medicines are to be mixed with the foregoing , which may help the Resolution ; to which end the following Julep may be prescribed . Take of the Syrups of Water-lillies , of Apples , and of the Juice of Purslain , each one ounce ; of the Syrup of Roman Wormwood half an ounce , of the Waters of Sorrel , Lettice , and Fennel , each three ounces ; of the Species Diamargarite frigid one dram ; make a Julep for three Doses to be taken twice a day ▪ To these may be added restorative Opiats , Narcoticks and the like ; all which are to be varied according to the Judgment and Discretion of the Physician . Turpentine washed in Wormwood-water taken twice or thrice , resolves and ripens Imposthumes of the Stomach . The following Fomentation may be applyed outwardly in the beginning . Take of the Roots of Sorrel two ounces , of the Leaves of Endive , Succory , and Mallows , each one handful ; of the Seeds of Lettice , and of white Poppies , each three drams ; of white and red Sanders , each half a dram ; of the Flowers of Violets , and of Water-lillies , each one Pugil ; make a Decoction , add to it a little Rose-vinegar , foment the Region of the Stomach with it warm . After the Fomentation , anoint the part with Oyl of Roses and Oyl of Violets mixed . Cataplasms are not convenient in the beginning , because they oppress the part by their Weight , and by retaining the Heat increase the Inflammation . If the Disease come to a Declination , and if the Tumour should be resolved , which is most to be wished for , a resolving Fomentation may be applied made in the following manner . Take of the Roots of Florentine-orris two ounces , of the Leaves of Mint , Marjoram , Penny-royal , and of Roman Wormwood , each one Handful ; of the Seeds of F●enugreek and of Annise , each two drams ; of the grains of Kermes one dram , of the Flowers of Staechas , Rosemary , and Camomil , each one Pugil ; adding towards the the end a little White-wine , make a Decoction , wherewith foment the Region of the Stomach . After the Fomentation , anoint the Part with Oyl of Nutmeg , Wormwood , Nard , and the like ; to which Wax , and the Powder of Florentine-orris , and of Cinnamon being added , an Oyntment may be made ; but Plaisters and Cataplasms are not convenient , because they oppress the Part. But if the Tumour seem to tend to Suppuration , foment the part with a Decoction of the Flowers of Camomil , and red Roses , and afterwards apply the following Cataplasm . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces , of the Leaves of Bears-breech , and of Roses , each one handful ; boil them well , and then add of the Flower of Barley , and of Linseeds , and Faenugreek-seeds , and of the Powder of Camomil , each half an ounce ; of white and red Sanders , each two drams ; with Oyl of Roses and of Camomil , and with a little Hens-grease , make a Cataplasm to be renewed often . The Abscess being broken , cleanse the Ulcer by drinking Hydromel , to which must be added sometimes , according to Galen's order , Manna of Frankincense , or Barly-water , with Sugar of Roses in the beginning in a hot Constitution . When the Ulcer grows old , from what cause soever it prooceeds , Broths are proper , altered with cooling , and moderately astringent Herbs , Barly-broths sweetned with Sugar of Roses , new Milk sweetned with Sugar and a little Honey , Steel-waters for the ordinary drink , or Water wherein some Bole-armonick or sealed Earth has been infused ; to which may be added , a little red rough Wine , if there be but little Heat in the Part ; afterward the following Apozem may be used . Take of whole Barley one Pugil , of the Leaves of Scabious , Agrimony , Burnet , and of Maiden-hair , each half an handful ; of the seeds of Melons two drams , of red Roses dried one Pugil ; make a Decoction to one Pint , wherein dissolve three ounces of Syrup of dried Roses , make an Apozem for four doses to be frequently repeated . For internal Ulcers , a Decoction of China is also very good , when there is no Feaver , for being taken for twenty Days or more , it gently provokes Sweat , and dries the Ulcer by degrees . But if there be danger of a Consumption , the foresaid Root must be boiled in Chicken-broth , with the foresaid Herbs , and with cleansed Barley . When the Ulcer has continued long , Chalybeat or Purging Waters drank for a Month do good ; and gentle Catharticks , as Rubarb , and Tamarinds , Myrobalans , Syrup of Roses , are to be used once a Week . Lastly , The following things are to be used . Take of Bole-armenick , sealed Earth , red Coral , Blood-stone well washed in Rose-water , each one dram ; of Dragons-blood , Gum-arabick , and Tragacanth , each half a dram ; of the Seeds of white Poppies gently bruised and roasted , of Hypocistis , Sarcoco , and Frankincense , each one Scruple ; of Sugar of Roses one ounce ; make a Powder , whereof let him take a dram in Plantane-water , or with Conserve of Roses daily . Or of the same Powder may be made an Opiat with Conserve of Comfry , and Roses , and with Syrup of Quinces or of Myrtles ; or Troches may be made of it , with the Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium , or of Tragacanth ; of all which the Sick may take by turns , least his Stomach turn by taking of one Medicine a long while : And outwardly , to heal the Ulcer , may be applied to the Region of the Stomach , a Fomentation made of Wormwood , Roses , Pomegranate-peel , Galls , Balaustins , Myrtles , Frankincense , Mastich , and the like : And afterwards the part must be anointed with some Astringent Oyntment , and an Astringent Plaister must be applied over . CHAP. LXX . Of the Chollick . IT takes its name from the Gut Colon , which is the part affected , which is long and winding , and designed by Nature to receive the Excrements of almost all the Body ; and when those Excrements are retained too long , they are wont to occasion Pains of this kind . Therefore the Causes of the Chollick is all Excrementitious Matter , that occasions a Solution of the Continuum , either by distending , pricking , or corroding , and is either Wind or Humours . Wlnd generated by Crudities , or from a cold Intemperies of the Stomach or Bowels , if it cannot be seasonably excluded , by reason the Feces are very hard , or by reason the Intestines are obstructed , it is heap'd up in a great quantity in the great Guts , especially in the Colon , and occasions violent Pain . Thick Cold and Flegmatick Humours , stufft into the Tunicks of the Guts , may occasion such Pains by corroding them , if they are indued with Acrimony or by chilling them ; which consequently occasions Costiveness and Convulsions , as Galen says of himself , that he having a violent Chollick , evacuated glassy Flegm which was actually cold . Wind , which is easily elevated by a weak and gentle Heat from gross and clammy Humours , may also occasion this Pain . Cholerick and Acrid Humours , and also Melancholly and Acid , may occasion these Pains , by vellicating and pricking the Intestines : But in the Action of these Causes , it may be asked how the Chollick Pain should have Exacerbations and Remissions , the same Matter remaining in the Bowels , which as long as it is there should always bite and distend them . To which I answer , that that Matter does sometimes remain quiet , and then it occasions little or no Pain ; but sometimes is moved and excited by various Fermentations that happen to the Humours , as is wont to happen to the Falling-sickness , Hysterick Fits , and in Fits of Feavers . But we must take notice , that the Wind or Humours do not only reside in the Cavity of the Intestines , for then they would be easily excluded by things that Evacuate and Cleanse , and by Carminative Medicines ; but most commonly they are fixed in the very Tunicks of the Intestines ; upon which account it is difficult to remove them , and so they occasion an obstinate Disease . The Gross , Flegmatick and Melancholly Humours , flow by little and little through the Veins of the Intestines , and so do not presently cause Pain , till there is a quantity sufficient to irritate Nature for their Expulsion , and then being moved cause Pain ; or Wind occasioned by them , and included in the Coats of the Intestines distends them , and not easily getting out occasions a lasting Pain ; also Choler after the same manner , poured through the Veins of the Intestines upon their Coats , and imbibed by them , causes violent Pains , which are wont to be long and obstinate , because it is difficultly removed from their substance . There is another Species of a bilious Chollick , which degenerates into a Palsie , scarce known unto the Ancients , which proceeds from a bilious Humour , not poured as the former upon the Colon , but upon the Membranes of the Abdomen which is transferred thither , either from the Gall-Bladder , or from the Mesentery in the Crisis of long Feavers , or by reason of violent Anger , or some other external Cause , when because of Obstructions it cannot be carried to the common Passages , but by a Preposterous Motion is put off suddenly upon the foresaid Membranes of the Abdomen : And hence great Pain arises like the Chollick , which yields neither to Glisters nor Fomentations , nor any other Remedy , but continues for many Months , by which the Body wasts , and the Sick is vexed with a sort of intermitting Feaver , and often with a slow continual Feaver ; at length the Pain remitting , a Palsie succeeds , that Humour leasurely creeping through the Membranes of the Abdomen to the Spine of the Back ; but this Palsie chiefly possesses the upper parts ; yet there is most commonly a Pain in the Thighs and Legs , and in some few the use of them is wholly taken away , and sometimes it breaks in upon the ●ra● , and causes the Falling-sickness , from whence Death generally follows . There are other causes of the Chollick , but less frequent , viz. Stones growing in the Guts , Worms wound up in a bottom and obstructing the Intestines , a Compression of the Guts by a Tumour of the neighbouring parts , and the narrowness of them , by reason of an Inflammation , and other Tumours of the Guts , or a twisting of them occasioned by Wind , which is next to an Iliack Passion , and sometimes the Matter which causes a Chollick is Venomous and Malignant . Lastly , All hard Bodies , by obstructing the Guts , or distending them , may occasion a Chollick , as stones generated in the Guts , a great quantity of Cherry-stones , hard Cheese , and the like . As Platerus relates of a certain Governour , a long while troubled with the Chollick and Convulsions , who after the use of Glisters , evacuated a great quantity of hard Cheese by Stool . The External Causes are a cold Constitution of the Air pressing and hardning the Belly , or a hot Constitution which does likewise harden the Excrements , the use of Meat and Drink unfit for the Mans Constitution , of crud● and harsh Roots , and of gross Meats of hard Digestion , too much rest , immoderate Sleep , unseasonable Exercise , immoderate Venery , and other External Causes which may injure the Concoction of the Stomach . The Diagnosticks of this Disease are plain , for first the Pain is violent , sometimes afflicting grievously this part , sometimes that , sometimes it possesses the Region of the Spleen , sometimes of the Stomach or Liver , or of the Reins , sometimes it is above , sometimes below the Navel , and oftentimes it is most violent in the left side ; the Patient often Vomits , the Pain is increased after Eating , the Belly is most commonly bound . The Signs of the Causes are distinguished in the following manner , If the Pain proceed from Flegm , it is not violent , unless it be accompanied with Wind ; the Sick is eased by hot things , and injured by cold things , a course of Diet before apt to increase Flegm preceded . If the Chollick is occasioned by Wind , there is a stretching Pain , and a certain Inflation of the Belly ; the Sick perceive a great deal of Wind , and a rumbling in the Belly ; they are much eased by breaking Wind , a course of Diet fit to breed Wind was used before , as unseasonably drinking cold Water , the frequent use of Pulse , Turneps , and Chesnuts , Herbs and Fruits , and the like ; and if the the Wind be contained in the Cavity of the Intestins , the Pain is wandring , and not fixed to one part , and is renewed by Intervals . But if it be kept in within the Coats of the Guts , the Pain is fixed and is continual and obstinate because it cannot find Vent . If the Chollick proceeds from an acrid and Cholerick Humour , it is most sharp , there is a twitching and pricking Heat , Drouth , and for the most part a Feaver , the Disease is increased by hot Medicines and Diet , and is mitigated by cold . By the following Signs the Chollick and Nephritick Pain may be distinguished , if they are accurately examined . First , The Nephritick Pain is fixed in the Kidney , and stretches it self from that to the Testes according to the length of the Ureter , but the Chollick is wandring , and painfully girds the lower Belly . Secondly , The Chollick increases after eating , by reason of the pressure upon the Gut by a full Stomach , but the Nephritick Pain is not at all increased after eating , but rather lessened , because some of the Nutritious Juice is carried to the Veins which somewhat asswages the Pain . Thirdly , In the Chollick Vomiting is more severe , and the Belly is more bound , because the Colon lies near the Bottom of the Stomach , and the Intestines being full or violently provoked , contract themselves that they may expel the common Enemy ; but either of the Symptoms is common to either of the Diseases ; so that the Intention or Remission of them has a difficult Diagnostick . For the Nephritick Pain being intense , may occasion greater Vomiting , and bind the Belly more than a remiss Chollick . Fourthly , In the Chollick , the Patient is more eased by Vomiting and going to Stool , than in Nephirtick Pains , Fifthly , In the Nephritick Pain , the Urine is first clear and thin , afterwards something settles to the Bottom , and at length Sand or Gravel is evacuated ; bu● in the Chollick the Urine is thicker from the beginning . The Cure of this Disease must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes : And first , There is the same Way of Cure for a Windy and Flegmatick Chollick , you must begin with an emollient Glister , and afterwards you must give a Carminative and discutient Glister , which must be repeated twice , thrice , or four times in a day , till the Pain be gone ; but if after the use of one or two Glisters , the Sick does not go to Stool , as sometimes it happens , the Belly must be irritated by a sharp Suppository , but it is convenient to add to one of the Glisters four ounces of the Aqua-benedicta , or two or three drams of Coloquintida may be boiled in an emolient and Carminative Glister . If Glisters do not give ease you must not obstinately persist in the use of them ; for it has been observed , that when a Sick Person has taken , without any Success , twenty Glisters , another Physician having given only an ounce and an half of Manna , with two ounces of Oyl of Almonds in fat Broth has cured the Patient . But in that Pain which proceeds from thick Flegm , stronger Medicines must be given . Afterwards Fomentations , Oyntments , Baths , Plaisters and other Remedies are useful , to which must be added some Specificks . Boil simple Water , and when it is boiling hot , add a fourth part of common Oyl , and some grains of pepper grosly beaten . Let the Sick take three or four Spoonfuls as hot as he can bear it , the pain will be gone as it were in a Moment . Take of the best Aloes one dram , of Laudanum Opiatum grains four ; mingle them , make six Pills , gild them , let the Sick take them at a convenient time , they give ease in an hours Time , and afterwards purge off the noxious Humours . Instead of the Pills , a Potion may be taken made of half an ounce of Diaphaenicon , and two Scruples of Philonium Romanum in the Water or Decoction , of Camomil . Take of the Oyl of Almonds , or of some other Oyl , for poor People , four ounces ; of generous Wine one ounce , of Syrup of Poppies one ounce ; mingle ehem , make a Potion . Oyl of sweet Almonds also taken with Manna in fat Broth asswages the Pain , and evacuates the Peccant Matter . If the Disease is lasting , it may be successfully treated with a Decoction of Guajacum continued for many Days , purging now and then with Elixir Salutis , and injecting Glisters frequently . But if the Chollick proceed from Flegm , boil the Guajacum with Wine . A Bilious Cholick is cured by emolient Glisters , and with such things as attemperate the Acrimony of the Humours . Give Juleps of the Waters of Erratick Poppy , of Lettice and Sorrel , with the Syrups of Violets , Apples , and Lemons : If the Pain is very violent we must use Narcoticks ; the Pain being somewhat mitigated . An Infusion of Rubarb in Succory-water is to be given with Syrup of Roses , and to be repeated often , till the Stock of Matter is evacuated . If gentle Purging be not sufficient to eradicate the Disease , we must use Mercurius Dulcis , which being given sometimes with purging Medicines that have Diagridium in them perfects the Cure. They that dislike Diagridium , may give Mercurius Dulcis alone made into Pills , with Conserve of Roses , drinking upon them an Infusion of Rubarb and Senna , with Manna , and Syrup of Roses added to it . Afterwards it will be convenient to use Tunbridge or such like Waters . When the Pain is violent , you must fly to Laudanum , with which Catharticks may be sometimes given , but in a large Dose , because they are much blunted by Laudanum . Bleeding is sometimes proper in this sort of Chollick , when there is danger , least the Violence of the Heat should occasion a Feaver ; if there be a Feaver already it is presently to be used . When there is a great Drouth cold Water must be given , according to Galens Instruction . And Amatus Lusitanus says , he wonderfully cured of a sudden such a Pain by the use of it ; and Septalius declares , in two Observations , that he used it inwardly and outwardly with great Success . For the Cure of a Chollick that degenerates into a P●lsie , put the Patient into a warm Bath , made of a Decoction of emollient things , the Belly being loosned with various Glisters , and the first Passages opened by Catharticks , the Patient must be bathed twice or thrice , or four or five times in a day , that the Acrimony of the Humours may be attemperated , and that the Pores of the Membranes may be opened . The next day let the Humour be purged with some proper Cathartick , and then the Bath must be repeated , and so you must do every other day , if the Patient be able to bear it , till the Humours being purged off , and the pain quieted , he is recovered . In the mean time you must continue the use of Glisters , but those made with Milk are best to asswage the Pain , to which may be added Cassia , Oyl of Violets , and Oyl of Lillies . Let the Belly be frequently anointed with Oyl of Camomil , of Dill , sweet Almonds , Lillies , and with Butter . Lastly , Use Whey and Tunbridge-waters , or the like ; and if the Disease continues a long while , those things may be used which are proper to cure Hypochondriack Melancholly ; and Bleeding is to be used at the beginning of the Disease , and before Purging , and to be often repeated , if the Blood seem to be bad , or if something of a Rheumatism seems to be joyned wtih it . Lastly , All those Remedies which are proposed for the Cure of a Bilious Chollick may be used in this Case ; and if these things do no good , some Physicians prescribe the following Potion , which though it be loathsome , and will not go down with the delicate , yet they say it presently mitigates the Pain . Take of Horse-dung one ounce , crumble it in small Pieces , and infuse it in a Pint of Erratick Poppy-water , to which add eight or ten drops of Spirit of Wine . Strain it gently , and divide it into three Doses to be taken when the Pain is most violent . But if the Disease degenerates into a Palsie , you must use to the Spine of the Back , and the paralitick Parts , some resolving Balsam , and such an one as strengthens the Nerves , if there be a Feaver ; but if there be no Feaver , you may apply Wooll dipt in Oyl or Ointment to the Paralitick Parts , taking great Care that the Patient does not catch Cold , for by that means the Humour will be more fixt upon the parts , and the Perspiration of it will be hindred . CHAP. LXXI . Of the Bilious Chollick of the Years 1670 , 71 , 72. IN all these Years the Blood was much inclined to put off upon the Bowels hot and Cholerick Humours , upon which Account this Chollick was more frequent than is usual : The same Febrile Symptoms preceded this Disease as used to go before the Dysentery , that reigned in those times ; and sometimes this Disease followed the Dysentery , when it had a long while afflicted the Patient , and was just about to leave him ; but when it did not follow a long Dysentery , it generally took its Rise from a Feaver , which after some Hours was wont to end in this Disease ; it chiefly seised Young People of a hot and Cholerick Constitution , especially in the Summer the Pain of the Bowels was extreamly violent , and more intollerable than any other that afflicts poor Mortals ; it sometimes binds as it were the Guts , and sometimes being contracted to a Point , it bores like an Auger ; the Pain now and then remits , and presently the Fit approaches again , which as soon as the Patient perceives , he looks sadly , and bemoans himself , as if it were actually upon him . At the beginning of this Disease the Pain is not so certainly determined to one Point , as in the Progress of it ; nor is the Vomiting so frequent , or does the Belly so obstinately resist Catharticks ; but the more the Pain is increased , the more pertinaciously is it fixed in a Point , the Vomiting is more frequent , and the Belly more bound , till at length by the dreadful Force of these Symptoms , a total subversion of the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts , if the Patient be not relieved ; and by consequence an Iliack Passion is procured , in which Disease all purging Medicines become presently Emetick , and Glisters that are injected are vomited up with the Excrements . The Matter that is cast up after this Manner , if it be sincere , and without mixture , is sometimes green , and sometimes Yellow , and sometimes of an unusual Colour . In order to the Cure , I bleed freely in the Arm , if no Blood has been taken away before , and after two or three Hours I give an Anodyne ; the next day I prescribe some gentle Purge , and order that it should be repeated . The next day save one , and sometimes thrice , according as the Relicks of the Humour are more or less . But we must take notice , that if this Disease proceeds from eating too much Fruit , or from any Meat of hard Digestion , upon which account ill and corrupted Juices are first transmitted to the Blood , and afterwards to the Bowels : I say in this Case the Stomach must be washed with large draughts of Posset-drink , which must be vomited up again ; which being done , an Anodyne must be given and the next Day a Vein must be opened ; and as to other things , you 〈◊〉 proceed according to the Directions above mentioned ; but when the Violence of the Pain , and the Vomiting ( by reason of which the Guts are as it were inverted ) do resist the Operation of the Catharticks , for it is in vain to give a gentle Purge , unless the Patient is easily purged , which must be carefully inquired into ; for such a Medicine being not strong enough to make its way through the Intestines , the Patient is more injured thereby ; for by its ineffectual Agitation the Vomiting and the pain are increased . A lenitive purging Potion of the Infusion of Tamarinds , of the Leaves of Senna , and Rubarb , in which may be dissolved Manna , and Syrup of Roses , is to be preferred before other Catharticks , for it least exagitates and moves the Humours ; but if the Sick cannot retain a Liquid Medicine by reason of an Aversion , or because of the Vomiting , you must necessarily use Pills ; among which the Pill Coch pleases me best , for they pass best through the Body in this , and in most other Cases . But when the Weakness of the Stomach , or the Vomiting is so great , that the Pills cannot be retained , then I first order an Anodyne , and a few hours after a Purge ; but there must be so much space betwixt them , that the Cathartick be not quelled by the Narcotick , and so rendred ineffectual ; but that it may continue so long in the Stomach as is necessary for its imparting its purgative Quality to it , that it may operate when the Vertue of the Narcotick is spent , though the purge , if it could be conveniently done , is best given a long while after the Anodyn , for twelve hours after taking it , the patient is difficultly purged . But because in this , as well as in most other Diseases wherein Narcoticks are indicated , a purge always increases the pain ( at least when it has done working , for while it is in Operation the patient is not so ill ) therefore I usually give an Anodyne as soon as the purge has done working , which I order to be taken Morning and Evening daily betwixt the purges , that I may the more certainly appease the pain , till the patient has been sufficiently purged . The purging of the Humours being over , I endeavour to bridle the Fury of the Disease ( which now only remains to be done ) by giving an Anodyne constantly Morning and Evening , which must be sometimes repeated oftner ; nor could I ever take off violent Pains without a larger Dose than is usual , and that repeated too ; for that which is sufficient to vanquish another Disease , will be altogether insufficient in this Case , the violence of the Disease subduing the force of the Medicine : And it is indeed safe to repeat Narcoticks , while such a Pain as this continues violent , but not when it is gone off . Wherefore I repeat the Anodyne according to the degree of the Pain till it ceases , or till it be very much lessened . Yet there must be such a Space of Time between them , that you may find what may be hoped for from the former Dose , before another be given ; but for the most part unless the Pain be very violent , a Paregorick given Morning and Evening may be sufficient . Liquid Laudanum is the Anodyne I chiefly use , whereof I give Sixteen Drops in some cordial Water ; or the dose may be increased according to the violence of the Pain . But here I must admonish you , that though I have said Bleeding and purging must necessarily precede this quieting Method , yet sometimes upon occasion both being omitted , you must begin with Anodynes . For Instance , when by reason of some preceding Sickness , large Evacuations have been used not long before the Coming of the Chollick , for many Times they who have recovered of another Disease have fell suddenly into this , by reason of the Weakness of the Bowels ; especially if there be a great degree of Heat occasioned by drinking of Wine or some other Spiritous Liquor immoderately ; I say in this Case , it is not only unnecessary , but I think it is injurious , to give Catharticks again ; for by them new Tumults will be raised . Moreover , The Guts are most commonly sufficiently cleansed by Glisters frequently used , before the Physician is advised with ; so that partly for this cause , and partly by reason of the long continuance of the Disease , Narcoticks seem in a manner to be only useful . But because this pain of it 's own Nature is wont to return more than any other , all Occasions of its Relapse must be prevented , by giving an Anodyne twice a day for some days ; but if as often as the Narcotick is intermitted , the pain now and then returns , as it sometimes happens , I do not know any thing that will so certainly perfect the Cure , as riding on Horseback , or in a Coach , with which the Patient must take long Journies ; and in the mean while an Anodyne must be given constantly Morning and Evening . But Riding must not be used before the Patient has been well purged , and then it must be continued for many Days . If the Patient be young , and of a hot Constitution , I order a cooling and thickning Diet , suppose Pulp of Barly , Panada , and the like ; and every third Day , if the Stomach is craving , a Chick or a Whiteing boiled ; and I allow no other Drink than small Beer , or Milk-water , and this is all I order , unless Riding necessary to recover the Health requires more nourishing Food , and more generous Liquor , whereby the Spirits exhausted by Exercise may be repaired . But when the Disease , being unskilfully treated , has a long while afflicted the Patient , so that the Bowels become weak and infirm , and he is in a manner quite wasted , I say in this Case we find by experience , that the free use of Epidemick Water , or of Aqua-mirabilis , or any other the Patient likes best , relieves him at this Time beyond Expectation , Moreover , As in the Cure of the Disease , so when it is over , the thin Diet we have mentioned must be observed for some time ; for this Disease being more apt to return than any other , and seating it self upon the principle parts of Concoction , the least error in this kind will presently occasion much Pain : Wherefore in this and all other Diseases of the Bowels , Meats of hard Digestion are carefully to be avoided , and things of easie Digestion must be taken only in such a Quantity as will suffice to sustain Life . CHAP. LXXII . Of the Hysterick Chollick . A Certain kind of Hysterick Disease afflicts some Women very like the Bilious Chollick , both as to the Sharpness and Situation of the Pain ; and also upon the account of the Humours ejected by Vomit of a Yellow and green Colour . But least any one should take it for the Bilious Chollick just now mentioned , I will treat of it in a Chapter by it Self . Those Women that are of a lax and crude Habit of Body , are chiefly afflicted with this Disease ; and they that have lately laboured under some other Hysterick Indisposition , ( or which is very often ) those that have scarce evaded a difficult and hard Labour in bringing forth a large Child , whereby the Mothers Natural Strength has been almost Spent . A Pain , as violent almost as that of the Chollick or Iliack Passion , seises the Region of the Stomach ; and sometimes it comes a little lower , and then violent Vomitings follow , and the Matter which is cast up is sometimes yellow , and sometimes green . And moreover , ( which I have often observed ) there is a greater Dejection of Spirit , and Despiration , than in any other Disease whatever . After a day or two the Pain goes off , and returns again in a few Weeks after as violent as it was before ; sometimes it is accompanied with the Jaundice , which is very visible , and which goes off of its own accord in a few days , when all the Symptoms are gone off ; and when the Patient seems very well , the Smallest Disorder of Mind , whether it be occasioned by Anger or Sorrow ( to both which in this Case Women are very prone ) almost recalls the Pain , which may be said of walking , or any other Exercise used too soon , for by these means Vapours are elevated in a Lax and weak Habit of Body ; when according to the Vulgar Opinion I say Vapours , whither they be so or no , or whither they are Convulsions of particular parts , the Phaenomena may be solved either way . These Vapours or Convulsions , when they invade this or that Region of the Body , produce Symptoms agreeable to the part they invade , and though they are one and the same Disease every where , yet they cunningly resemble most of the Diseases Mankind is exposed to . Bleeding and Purging repeated , which were plainly indicated at the beginning of a Bilious Chollick , are not to be used here , but the whole Business must be done by Anodyns , unless a great Quantity of Blood and Humours so resists the operation of the Narcotick , that though it be often repeated , it cannot quell the Tumult , till the Patient is blooded and purged , which I have observed in Women of a very sanguine Constitution , and in Virago's . If the Case is so , Bleeding or Purging , or perchance both , must make Way for the Anodyne ; for either of these being used , a moderate dose of the Narcotick will perform the Business , which otherwise would signifie nothing , though the largest Dose is given : But this seldom happens , and these Remedies must not be repeated ; and when they are used , when there is need of them , you must proceed in giving Anodynes in that Method which I have proposed in the Bilious Chollick ; and they must be taken often or seldom according to the degrees of Pain . But for as much as this Disease , in Hypochondriack as well as in Hysterick People , often ends in the Jaundice , and as this comes on that goes off , we must take notice that in curing this kind of Jaundice , all Catharticks are to be wholly omitted ; or if they are given , you must use only Rubarb , or some other gentle Purge ; for there is danger least by purging new Tumults should arise , and so all the Symptoms return ; and therefore in this Case nothing must be done presently , seeing the Jaundice taking its Rise on this Account , generally lessens of its own accord , and wholly vanishes in a short time : But if it continues a long while and seems to go off difficultly , Remedies must be taken for it . I use the following . Take of the Roots of Madder , and of Turmerick , each one ounce ; of all the greater Celandine , and of the Tops of the lesser Centaury , each one handful ; boil them in equal parts of Rhenish-wine , and of Fountain Water to a quart ; in the Liquor strained dissolve two ounces of the Syrup of the five opening Roots ; mingle them , make an Apozem . Let the Patient take half a pint Morning and Evening till he is well . But if the Jaundice comes of it self , the Chollick not going before it is necessary , besides the alteratives just mentioned . To give Cholagogues , that is such things as purge Choler by Stool , viz. once or twice before the Patient enters upon the Apozem prescribed , and afterwards once a Week , as long as he takes it . As , Take of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses two drams , of Rubarb finely powdered half a dram , of Cream of Tartar one scruple ; make a Bolus with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Rubarb with Succory ; give it early in the Morning ; let the Patient drink upon it a small draught of Rhenish-wine . But if notwithstanding the constant taking of these things a long while , the Disease continues obstinate , the Patient must drink Tunbridge-waters , or such like , from the Fountain every Morning till he recovers . CHAP. LXXIII . Of the Iliack Passion . THis dreadful Disease being hitherto almost in the Opinion of all Mortal , takes its Rise from the inverted and preposterous Motion of the Intestines , to wit , the Fibres of the Intestines , which ought to be contracted from the Superior toward the Inferior , are drawn to the Superior ; and whatsoever is contained in the Intestines , is not protruded to the Belly , but towards the Stomach , and is violently regurgitated to the Mouth , so that Glisters , how sharp soever become vomitive ; and also Catharticks taken by the Mouth are suddenly cast up by Vomit . And in my Opinion , the exquisite and intollerable Pain coming upon this Disease , is only occasioned by the foresaid preposterous Motion of the Intestines ; for whereas those Folds , which the many Circumvolutions of the Intestines make , are so formed by Nature , that they should most fitly conduce to the carrying down of the Faeces : When they , I say , are forced to give way to a Motion contrary to their Fibres , the aforesaid Pain is occasioned from thence , which is fixed to one part , and is like the boreing of an Auger , when either the Valve , which is placed at the Beginning of the Colon , hinders the going back of the Excrements to the Ilion , or any other Membrane belonging to the Sinus sustains alone the Force of this preposterous Impulse . We may assign a twofold Cause of this Inversion , from whence the Pain arises , viz. Obstruction and Iritation . First therefore , Whatever violently obstructs the Intestines , so that nothing can pass downwards , necessarily produces this contrary Motion in them . Among these Authors are wont to reckon the Excrements hardened , gross Wind collected in a great quantity , and tying up as it were the Intestines , the Constriction of them in a Rupture : And lastly An Inflammation , and other great Tumours , which stop up the Internal Cavity of the Intestine . In the mean time we must not deny , that this contrary Motion , owing its rise to these Causes , is rather to be accounted the Motion of these things taken in , than of the Intestines ; nor is this an Inversion of the whole Duct of the Intestines , but only of those which are situated above the Seat of that Obstruction ; wherefore I call an Iliack Passion proceeding hence spurious . Secondly , I think that in the Iliack Passion , the cause of the Inversion of the Peristaltick Motion of the Intestines , is most commonly after this Manner , viz. Sharp and malignant Humours are cast upon the Stomach , and the Guts that are next to it , by which the Motion of the Stomach is inverted , and forced violently to cast up what is contained in it ; at length the small Guts that are joined to the Stomack being weakned , yield to the violent Motion of it , and with them at last the greater follow by Consent ; the Stomach Vomiting , leading as it were the Dance , this I call a true Iliack Passion , and which is treated of now . The Method of cureing it has been hitherto in a manner unknown , whatever some boast of the use of Quicksilver and Bullets , which besides that they do little good , are very oft injurious . I have successfully used the following Method , When it appears by Glisters cast up by the Mouth , and other Signs , that it is a true Iliack Passion , I endeavour these three things . First , That the contrary Motion of the Stomach , which causes the like Motion of the Guts , may be hindred . Secondly , That the Intestines being weakned by the sharp Humour may be corroborated . Thirdly , That the Stomach and Guts be freed from these Humours . And that I may Answer these Indications , I institute the Cure after this Manner . First , I prescribe one Scruple of Salt of Wormwood in a spoonful of Juice of Lemons to be taken Morning and Evening ; but at other times of the Day I order some spoonfuls of Mint Water , without Sugar or any thing else , to be taken twice in an Hour ; by the repeated use of which alone , the Vomiting and the Pain arising from thence will soon vanish . At the same time I order a living Kitling to lie continually upon the naked Belly . But after the Pain and Vomiting has wholly ceased for the Space of two or three Days , I give one dram of the Pill Coch-major dissolved in Mint-water , which I also order to be used very often , all the time of the working of the Pills , that I may the more certainly hinder the Return of the Vomiting ; nor is the Kitling to be removed , before the Patient has taken the Pills . I have observed , that it is to no purpose to give these Pills , or any other Purge , how strong soever , until the Stomack is strengthned , and reduced to its Natural Motion , and the Guts also to that which is proper to them ; for otherwise all Catharticks taken inwardly would prove Emetick , and so do more hurt than good , and therefore I do not use Purging Medicines , until for some Time I have used those Medicines which respect the Stomach . I prescribe a very thin Diet , for I allow onely some spoonfuls of Chicken-broath to be taken twice or thrice a day ; in the mean while I order the Patient to keep his Bed all the Time of the Sickness , till the Signs of perfect Health appear ; and when he is well I appoint him to persist in the use of the foresaid Water for a long Time , and to keep his Belly warm with Flannels doubled , that there may not be a Relapse where unto this Disease is very prone . CHAP. LXXIV . Of Costiveness . BY Costiveness we do not understand a pefect Stoppage of the Belly , so that nothing is evacuated downwards as happens in the Iliack Passion , but only a slow and unsuitable Evacuation that Way , whereby the Excrements , and the Relicts of the Meat are seldom ejected , and not according to the quantity taken in . When the Belly is bound , Vapours arise to the Head , and Catarrhs and Diseases of the Brain are produced , the Concoction is hindred , and the Actions of other Parts . For the Cure of this Disease the following Medicines must be used . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , and of Lillies , each two ounces ; of the Leaves of Mallows , Marshmallows , Mercury , Violets , Bears-breach , each one Handful ; of Linseed , and Fenugreek-seeds , each half an ounce ; of the Seeds of Annise one dram and an half , of sweet Prunes three pair , of the Flowers of Camomil , and Melilot , each one Pugil ; boil them to a Pint and an half , in the strained Liquor dissolve of Oyl of Lillies , and of Fenugreek-seeds , each two ounces ; of fresh-butter half an ounce , of Catholicon Duplicatum , and of Diaprunum simplex , each six drams ; make a Glister to be injected as often as there is Occasion . But we must endeavour to loosen the Belly by other Remedies , because by the frequent use of Glisters Nature grows more slothful , and at length will never ease the Body without a Glister . To this End sweet Prunes , or roasted Aples , are to be eaten an hour before Meals , or in a Decoction of Prunes an ounce of Mauna must be dissolved . The following Broth certainly loosens the Belly and keeps it loose for some Days . Take of the Leaves of Beet and Mercury , each one handful , boil them in common Broth , let it be taken an Hour before Dinner . CHAP. LXXV . Of a Lientery , and the Caeliack Passion . A Lientery is a sort of Loosness , wherein the Meat is voided in a short time , nothing altered , but as it was taken in at the Mouth : In the Caeliack Passion the Nourishment is voided crude and imperfectly digested . There are many Causes of the Lientery and Caeliack Passion proposed by Authors , all which may be reduced to three Heads ; viz. A cold Intemperies of the Stomach and Intestines ; an Irritation of those Parts , and a great Debility of the retentive Faculty , from a grievous and deadly Disease . There is another Cause different from those mentioned , which uses peculiarly to produce the Caeliack Passion , viz. The Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins , whhich stops the Passage of the Chyle . Aetius and Celsus , and many of their followers , do propose another Cause of the Lientery , viz. A hard Cicatrix upon the Intestines produced by a Dysentery , The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the Variety of the Causes producing it : And first , that which is occasioned by a Flegmatick Humour , may be Cured with the following Remedies ; but you must begin by Purging Medicines made of Aloes , Rubarb , and Mirobalans , Take of old Conserve of Roses six ounces , of the best Venice Treacle six drams , Marmalad of Quinces a sufficient quantity , mix them . Let the Sick take half a dram in the Morning drinking nothing upon it . Or , Take of Japan Earth one dram and an half , of red Coral and Crabs-eyes prepared , each one dram ; of old Conserve of Roses one ounce and an half , of Balsamick Syrup a sufficient quantity ; mix them , make an Electuary . The Quantity of a Nutmeg of it may be taken Morning and Evening . Take of Gum-caranna , of the Magisterial Stomach Plaister , each a sufficient Quantity ; of the Chymical Oyl of Wormwood twelve drops ; mix them , make a Plaister for the Region of the Stomach . That which proceeds from a bilious Humour , is to be cured with the following Remedies . Take of the best Aloes washed in Rose-water three drams , of Rubarb powdered and moistened with Borrage-water one dram , of Mastich , red Sanders , red Coral prepared , each one scruple ; of Syrup of Roses solutive a sufficient quantity ; make a Mass for Pills , of which let the Sick take half a dram , or one dram at a time . Take of sealed Earth , Bole-Armenick , red Coral prepared , Pearls prepared , of the Seeds of Purslain and Sorrel each one dram , of the Shavings of Hartshorn , and of the Leaves of Mint dried , each one scruple , of red Roses half a Pugil ; make a Powder to be sprinkled upon Broth , or to be taken in a Spoon with a little Water wherein Iron hath been quenched . But if the Stools be pure Chyle , this Distemper does not proceed from the Fault of the Stomach , but from the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins , which is very frequent , and is chiefly incident to Children , therefore it is to be cured with Remedies that open Obstructions . CHAP. LXXVI . Of a Diarrhea . A Diarrhea , is that sort of a Loosness , in which excrementitious Humours , without Blood , Chyle or Ulceration of the Intestines are voided by Stool . There is another Species of a Diarrhea which is called colliquative , arising from the Colliquation of the Substance of the Body . If a Diarrhea be critical , and is easily born , and the Disease goes off by it , or is greatly diminished , the Sick is benefited by it . But if a Diarrhea be Symptomatical , it occasions a great deal of Pain to the Sick , the Strength greatly decreases , and the Disease upon which it comes is considerably augmented , or at least does not decrease . As to the Cure a Symptomatick Diarrhea rises for the most part from bad and corrupted Humours , therefore the Cure of it is to be begun with the Evacuation of the Peccant Humour . Take of the best Rhubarb six grains , of the Seeds of Coriander bruised two scruples , infuse and boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water , to three ounces of the strained Liquor , add of Rubarb torrified one Scruple , of the Syrup of Succory with Rubarb one ounce , mix them , make a Draught to be taken in the Morning . A Vomit is also sometimes convenient , because it makes a Revulsion and Evacuation of the Morbisick Matter . If there be Signs of abundance of Blood , and the Body being strong , Bleeding is necessary in the beginning . The Body being sufficiently evacuated , both by purging Medicines , and the Loosness it self ; astringent and strengthning Medicines are to be given , as well by the Mouth , as injected by Glisters , and applied to the Belly . Take of Diascordium grains twenty five , of the compound Powder of Crabs-Claws grains seventeen , of Syrup of Mint a sufficient quantity , mix them , make a Bolus to be repeated upon Occasion . Take of Epidemick-water half an ounce , of Cinnamon-water hordeated three drams , of black-cherry-water , two ounces , of Liquid Laudanum prepared with Juice of Quinces fifteen drops , Syrup of Mint a sufficient quantity ; mix them , let the Sick take this Mixture after the Bolus above prescribed , and at Bed-time . Take of Epidemick-water , and of Cinnamon-water hordeated each three ounces ; of Mint-water one ounce , of Black Cherry-water five ounces , of Syrup of Mint a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , let him take six spoonfuls after the Bolusses . Take of Hartshorn calcin'd two ounces , of Nutmeg four Scruples , of the Roots of Tormentil three drams ; boil them in Fountain-water to three Pints , adding towards the end an ounce of White-bread , add to the strained Liquor two ounces of Doctor Stephens's water , and sweeten it with Syrup of Quinces , let him take it for his ordinary Drink . Or , Take of Diascordim three drams , of Cinnamon-water , and simple Angelica-water , each five ounces ; infuse them hot in a close Vessel to draw a Tincture , strain it , and add to it fifty drops of Laudanum Cydoniated , and a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Mint ; mingle them , let him take two Spoonfuls every Night at bed-time , and in the Day a spoonful after every Stool . Or , Take of London Laudanum three grains , of Doctor Stephens's water , and of Cinnamon-water hordeated each one ounce , of Syrup of Quinces one dram , mingle them , make a Draught , let him take it at bed-time , repeat it at three in the Morning , and at eight in the Morning . Take of the Leaves of Mint , the tops of Wormwood each four handfuls ; of Zedoary , Galingal , Cyperus , sweet smelling Flag , Nutmeg , sharp Cinnamon , Mace , each half an ounce ; of Cubebs , Cloves , each two drams ; make two Bags to be boiled in Clarret-wine and Smiths-water , each a quart ; press them hot out of the Liquor , and apply them by turns to the Region of the Stomach . Take of Conserve of common Wormwood half an ounce , of old Mithridate Six drams , of Powder of Mastich a sufficient quantity , make a Plaister to be spread on Leather , and to be applied to the Region of the Stomach , you must spread the Margin with Paracelsus's Plaister to make it stick . Or , Take of the Stomach-plaister three drams , of Oyl of Mace by Expression two scruples , of Chymical Oyl of Wormwood , and of Chymical Oyl of Mace , each two drops ; mingle them , make a Plaister to be applied to the Stomach . Take of Diascordium six drams , of Venice Treacle two drams ▪ boil them in Cows Milk , let eight ounces of the strained Liquor be injected for a Glister , and let it be repeated thrice . Or , Take of the Roots of Tormentil three drams , of Yellow Mirobalans two drams , of Balaustins one dram and an half , of the Flowers of red Roses half an handful , of Rice bruised half an ounce , of Coriander-seeds half an ounce , boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water , to fourteen ounces , strain it , and make a Glister of half of it , and give the other half four hours after if the loosness continues . CHAP. LXXVI . Of the Bloody Flux . SOmetimes it begins with shaking and shivering , and Heat of the whole Body follows , as is usual in Feavers , and soon after the Gripes and Stools ; but oftentimes there is no Appearance of a Feaver going before , for the Gripes begin and Stools soon follows ; but there are always great Gripes , and a Depression of the Bowels with Pain , when the Patient goes to Stool ; the Stools are frequent , with a very troublesome Descent as it were of the Guts , and they are all mucous , not excrementitious , excepting that sometimes an excrementitious Stool comes between , and that is without any great Pain , these mucous Stools are streaked with Blood , yet sometimes there is no Blood at all mixt with them through the whole course of the Disease , yet notwithstanding , if the Stools are frequent with Gripes and a mucous Filth , the Disease may be as properly called a Dysentery , as if Blood flow'd with them . Moreover , The Sick , if he be in the Flower of his Age , or is heated by Cordials , has a Feaver , and his Tongue is covered thick with a kind of whitish Matter ; and if he has been much heated 't is black and dry ; the Strength is much dejected , the Spirits are dissipated , and all the Signs of an ill favoured Feaver are present . And this Disease does not only occasion dreadful Pains and Sickness , but , unless it be skilfully managed , it brings the Patient into great Danger of his Life ; for when a great many of the Spirits , and a great deal of the vital Heat , have been exhausted by frequent Stools , before the peccant Matter can be cast out of the Blood , his Hands and Feet growing cold , he will be in danger of dying ; and if he should escape Death this time , yet many Symptoms of a different kind attend the Poor Wretch . For Instance , Sometimes in the Progress of the Disease , instead of those Sanguineous Filaments which at the beginning us'd to be mixed with the Stools , pure Blood is evacuated unmingled with Slime , and in a larger quantity at every Time which is an Argument that some of the greater Vessels of the Intestines are corroded , and so the Patient is in danger of Death : And sometimes also , by reason of the great Burning which is occasioned by a large Flux of hot and sharp Matter to the Parts affected , the Intestines are gangren'd . Moreover , a Thrush at the end of the Disease does very often affect the Mouth and Jaws , especially when the Body has been a long Time heated , and when the Evacuation of the peccant Matter has been hindred by astringent Medicines , the Fomes of the Disease having not been first purged off , ; and this is most commonly the forerunner of Death ; but if the Patient get over the foresaid Symptoms , and the Disease continues long , at length the Intestines seem to be affected successively downwards , till the Disease be thrust down into the right Gut , and ends in a Tenesmus . But tho this Disease is very often deadly in grown People , but especially to ancient People , yet 't is very gentle in Children , who sometimes have it some Months , without any Injury , if it be left to Nature . As to the Cure , When I was first called , I bled in the Arm , and at Night I gave an Anodyne , and the next Morning the following lenitive Purge . Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of the Leaves of Senna two drams , of Rubarb one dram and an half , boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water , in three ounces of the strained Liquor , dissolve of Manna , and of Syrup of Roses solutive , each an ounce ; to be taken early in the Morning . And because 't is very obvious , that purging Medicines , tho they be never so gentle , do heighten the Gripes , and cause a general Disorder and Depression of the Spirits , by the Adventitious Tumult they raise in the Blood and Humours , therefore I usually give an Anodyne after every Purge somewhat earlier than is customary , viz. At any time of the Afternoon if the Purge seem to have done working , whereby I may be able to quiet the Tumult I have raised . I repeat the foresaid Purge twice , to be taken every other Day , and give an Anodyne after every Purge at the Time above mentioned , and I order this to be us'd Morning and Evening when the Patient don't Purge , that I may quell the violence of the Symptoms , and gain a Truce while I am evacuating the peccant Humours . The Anodyne I use is chiefly Liquid Laudanum , viz. Sixteen or eighteen Drops of it in any Cordial-water for one Dose . After Bleeding and Purging once used , I allow through the whole course of the Disease , any temperate Cordial to be taken now and then , as Epidemick-water , compound Scordium-water , and the like . For Instance , Take of the Waters of Black-cherries and Strawberries , each four ounces ; of Epidemick-water , and compound Scordium water , and of Cinnamon-water hordeated , each one ounce ; of prepared Pearls one dram and an half , of Christaline Sugar a sufficient quantity , add half a dram of Damask-rose-water to make it pleasant to the Taste , mingle them , and make a Julep , of which let him take four or five spoonfuls when he is faint , and any other time when he will. I chiefly used these things in ancient and Flegmatick People , that I might somewhat refresh and comfort their Spirits usually dejected in this Disease : their Drink was Milk mixt with three times the quantity of Water , or the white Decoction of Harts-horn , and of white-bread , each two ounces , boyled in three Pints of Fountain-water to two , and sweetned with a sufficient quantity of white Sugar , and sometimes Posset-drink ; and when they were very weak , they took for their ordinary drink cold , a quart of Fountain-water boiled with half a Pint of Sack ; they were dieted sometimes with Panada , and sometimes with Broths made of lean Mutton . I kept ancient People much in Bed , and permitted them to use more freely any Cordial-water they had been accustomed to , than was fit for Young People and Infants . This Method was the best I have hitherto met with for the Cure of this Disease , which seldom lasted after the third Purge . But if the Disease was obstinate , and did not yield to these things , I prescribed the foresaid Paregorick every day in the Morning and at bed-time , till the Patient was quite well ; yea , that it might be the more certainly quelled , I gave the foresaid Laudanum every eighth Hour , and a larger Dose than I have mentioned above , viz. twenty five drops , if the former Dose was not sufficient to suppress the Flux . Moreover , I ordered a Glyster made of half a a pint of Cows-milk , and of an ounce and an half of Venice-treacle , to be injected daily , which is exceeding beneficial in all manner of Fluxes of the Belly . Infants seized with this Disease are to be treated after the same manner , but the quantity of Blood to be taken away , and the Doses of the Purging and Anodyne Medicines are to be lessened with respect to their Age , so for example , two drops of the Narcotick may be sufficient for a Child of a Year old . The Liquid Laudanum , which as was said , I daily us'd , was prepared according to this easie Method . Take of Spanish-wine one Pint , Opium two ounces , of Saffron one ounce , of the Powder of Cinnamon , and of Cloves , each one dram ; let them be infused together in a Bath for two or three days , till the Liquor come to a due Consistence , strain it , and keep it for use . In the Dry-gripe Dysentery , I used the following Method . If the Patient was in the Flower of his Age , and had a Feaver , I ordered him to be bled in the Arm , and after an hour or two , that he shou'd take great quantities of Liquor , as I us'd to do in the Cholera Morbus , but not Chicken-broth , or Posset-drink , as in that Case , but Whey , which I ordered to be drank cold in the same quantity as in the Cholera ; but the Glisters were to be injected warm , without Sugar , or any other thing ; I found the Gripes and the bloody Stools went off , with the fourth Glister : This Business being over , and all the Whey ejected ( which might be done in the Space of two or three Hours , if the Sick minded his Business ) I presently put him to Bed , where he soon sweated of his own Accord ( by reason of the Whey mixt with the Blood ) and I ordered it should be continued for twenty four hours , but not at all provoked , allowing him all the while nothing but Milk a little warmed , which he only used three or four days after he left his Bed. If either by rising too soon , or by leaving the use of Milk too soon , the Patient relapses , the same Method is to be repeated . To conclude , 'T is to be noted , that tho in those Years wherein the Bloody-flux is Epidemical , the foresaid Evacuations are wholly necessary before we come to the use of Laudanum , yet in any Constitution , not favouring so much this Disease , they may be safely omitted , and the Cure may be performed more compendiously by Laudanum alone in the manner we have described . CHAP. LXXVIII . Of a Tenesmus . A Tenesmus is a continual Motion to go to Stool , whereby nothing but a mucous Matter is evacuated . The Cause of this Disease is an Ulcer of the right Gut , from whence a purulent Matter continually flows , and irritates the expulsive Faculty . It is not dangerous , unless it proceed from black Choler , and so shou'd turn to a Cancer , or should occasion Miscarriage in Women with Child . The manner of Cure is much the same with that of the Bloody-flux . If there be an Inflammation ( which is chiefly known by a Feaver ) or an abundance of Blood , Bleeding must be us'd ; and if the Inflammation remains after Bleeding , and occasion a Strangury ( which sometimes happens ) Bleeding by Leeches in the Hemorrhoidal Veins is beneficial . Glisters are also to be Injected according to the various Seasons of the Ulcer , sometimes those that are lenient when the Pain is violent , sometimes cleansing , glutinating , or astringent ; but in giving Glisters you must observe , first , that they must be given often and in a small quantity , because 't is difficult to keep them , and then the Pipe must be put up gently , least it should anger the part and cause Pain . And the part must be well fomented and Bathed , and Fumes , Suppositories and Oyntments must be us'd to it ; a Fomentation may be made in the following manner . Take of the Leaves of Mullein , and Wormwood , each six handfulls ; boil them in new Milk , and put them into two Bags , and apply them hot by turns to the Fundament and Belly . Or , Take of the Flowers of Camomil and Roses , each one handful , of red Wine a quart ; infuse them for two Hours upon hot Ashes , foment the Fundament as hot as the Patient can bear it with Clothes four times double ; afterward let hlm set upon a Spunge pressed out of the same Liquor . Or fill two Bags with wheat-bran , and boil them in Vinegar , let the Sick sit hot upon them by turns , as he can bear them . If much Blood be evacuated , you may make a Fomentation in the following manner . Take of the Leaves and Roots of Mullein two handfuls , of red Roses one Pugil , of the Bark of Pomegranates , and of Gauls , each half an ounce ; boil them in two Parts of Smiths Water , and in one of red Wine , 't will be more powerful if you add half an ounce of Alum . A Bath to ease the Pain must be made of Emollients boyled in a Decoction of Sheeps-feet , and if the Heat be much , Violets , Night-shade , Goards , and pieces of Melons may be added : But to heal the Ulcer , a Bath must be made of Astringents ; Fumes are proper to dry the Ulcer , made of Frankincense cast on Coals , or of a Decoction of Savine made with Oxycrate ; the following is much commended by Forestus . Take of Mastich one dram , of Frankincense one Scruple , of Mirtles one dram and an half , of red Roses two scruples , make a Fume to be received through a Chair that has a hole at the Bottom . Suppositories do much good in this Case , but they ought to be gentle , least they should exasperate the sensible Part ; they may be made of Goats Suet cut into the Form of a Suppository ; for it gives Ease and heals the Ulcer ; but it will be more powerful to ease the Pain , if you mix with it the Seeds of white Poppies , and of Henbane bruised ; but t is much better to add , instead of the Seeds , three drops of the Oyls pressed from the Seeds , or a grain of Opium dissolved in half a Scruple of Oyl of Almonds . But to heal the Ulcer , 't is best to add to the Suet dissolved , Starch , and Gum-tragacanth beat or infused first in Plantane-water ; or it may be compounded in the following manner . Take of Gum-Tragacanth as much as is sufficient , pour upon it a little Plantain-water , that it may only swell , and not be too moist ; add the Mucilage of the Seeds of Psyllium , or of Quinces a sufficient quantity , and the Yolk of one Egg , mingle them and make them warm ; and of melted wax a sufficient quantity , to make Suppositories . Narcoticks may be also added , and the Powders of Ceruss , Tutty , Bole , Balaustines , and other things that dry , and are not acrimonious , when there is a great Corrosion , but they ought to be finely powdered least they should cause Pain . Oyls and Oyntments may be also applied , as Oyntment of Roses , Populeum of the Mucilages , of Yolks of Eggs , and Oyl of Roses , and the like , to asswage the Pain and Inflammation . Lastly , when the Disease is violent , Narcoticks must be used inwardly and outwardly ; Laudanum Opiatum is best , whereof three or four grains may be given with Mastich , or sealed Earth , or mixt with a Glister made of a Decoction of Camomil Flowers . CHAP. LXXIX . Of Worms . THe Worms are generated in various Parts of the Body , yet because that is very seldom , and they most frequently abound in the Guts , therefore we shall treat only of these . The Signs of Worms in the Bowels are various , the following are most frequent and ordinary , a stinking Breath , and Excrements like Cow-dung : There are other Signs , but they are not so common , as a continual Feaver , which has Exacerbations often in a Day , with a cold Sweat , Anxiety , and sometimes with fainting , Nauseousness , Vomiting , and great Thirst ; the Pulse are unequal , the Cheeks are red by turns , or wax livid , the Eyes shine , the Nostrils itch , the Teeth gnash , there is a small dry Cough , the Spittle is more than usual , sometimes the Head is heavy , there is a sleepy Disposition , sometimes a Delirium and Convulsive Fits , there is most commonly a pain in the Belly , like a gnawing or Biting , sometimes the Belly swells as in a Dropsie , sometimes the Body wastes beyond Measure , and sometimes there is an insatiable Appetite . The Worms called Ascarides are known by a troublesome itching about the Fundament , and they also often appear upon the Excrements : To conclude , Putrefaction of the Gums is also a Sign . The Cure of Worms is to be directed to the Expulsion of them , by purging Medicines that kill them , and expel the Matter from whence they are generated . Take of calcin'd Harts-horn three grains , of Mercurius dulcis sprinkled with a drop of Oyl of Sulphur by the Bell grains fifteen , of Diagridium grains nine , of Cinnamon grains two , of Spirit of Harts-horn drops three ; mingle them , make a Powder to be taken in the Pap of an Apple once a Week . Take of Spirit of Harts-horn half a dram , give ten drops at Bed-time after Purging thrice . Or , Take of the Roots of Virginian Snake-weed one Scruple , of Harts-horn calcin'd , and of Coraline , each half a Scruple , mingle them , make a Powder to be divided into three Doses , give one Morning and Evening in a small Draught of the white Decoction . Take of Aloes , and Mirrh each one dram and an half , with a sufficient quantity of Venice-Treacle , and Oyl of Wormwood , make a Plaister for the Region of the Navel . For broad Worms and Ascarides make a Glister of bitter things , with Catharticks , and repeat it often till the impurity from whence the Worms are generated is evacuated . Horatius Augenus mentions an Observation of a Man about twenty six Years of Age , that grew extreamly hungry , so that nothing would allay his Appetite , at length he voided a Worm twenty five Cubits long , and recovered a moderate Appetite ; he cured him by the following Medicines , he gave him a pint and an half of fresh Oyl of sweet Almonds divided into four Doses , to be taken a quarter of an hours distance one from another ; just before Dinner he gave him two Bolusses made of a dram of Hiera Picra , and one Scruple of Rubarb , and presently after ordered him to take six ounces of a Decoction of Sebestines ; and before Supper he injected a Glister made of a quart of Goats-milk , and gave him a dram and an half of the Pill of Aloes not washed . CHAP. LXXX . Of an immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoides , and of the Pain of them . AN immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoides is very dangerous , and occasions other dangerous Diseases , viz. Weakness of the whole Body , a Consumption , Cachexy and Dropsie . The same Remedies are good for the Cure which were prescribed for Bleeding at the Nose . The Hemorrhoidal Veins ending in the Extremity of the right Gut and Fundament , are often swelled , whereby much Pain is often occasioned . As to the Cure , first Blood must be drawn from the Arm , that Revulsion may be made from the part affected , which being sufficiently peformed , a Vein in the Foot must be opened for Derivation . The Belly must be kept continually open , because hard Excrements ; and straining to evacuate them , exasperate the Pain ; an Infusion of Cassia taken Morning and Eve is very good to loosen the Belly . Take of the Leaves of Lettice , and Purslain , and the Tops of Mallows , each one handful ; of Liquorish rasped and of Raisins of the Sun ston'd each half an ounce ; of the flowers of Bugloss and Borrage and of Violets , each one Pugil ; boil them to eight ounces , in the strained Liquor dissolve of Cassia fresh extracted one ounce , strain them and clarifie them , and add to them one ounce of Syrup of Violets . In the mean while various Topicks are to be applied to the Part , to asswage the Pain and Inflammation , and to discuss the Tumour , Oyl of sweet Almonds fresh drawn , applyed to the Part eases the Pain , and several Liniments and Oyntments may be prescribed for the same Purpose , whereof some ease the Pain , others dicuss and dry , and others heat the Ulcers ; they are to be applyed with Lint or Cotton . Take one Yolk of an Egg , of Oyl of Roses , or of Violets , as much as is sufficient ; make a Liniment , and if you add to it Populeum Oyntment , 't will be more effectual to ease Pain , and when the Pain is very violent , a few grains of Opium may be added to it . Or , Take of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Psyllium and of Faenugreek extracted with Wine two drams , of fresh Butter three ounces , of Kid Suet one ounce , stir them together in a Leaden Mortar , make a Liniment . Balsom of Sulphur made of the Flowers of Sulphur and Oyl of Turpentine , is excellent to ease Pain , and to discuss the Swellings , and to cleanse the Ulcers ; a white Onion roasted under Ashes , and mixt with fresh Butter like a Cataplasm , eases the Pain , and discusses the Swellings ; but if they cannot be easily resolved they must be opened after convenient Revulsions with a Knife , or by Leeches . CHAP. LXXXI . Of the Jaundice . THE Jaundice arises by the Consent of most , from an Obstruction of the Gaul-bladder . As to the Cure , a Vomit at the beginning of the Jaundice whilst the Strength and Tone of the Bowels are firm , does often good . Take of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum half an ounce or six drams , of Wine of Squils one ounce , of simple Oxymel half an ounce , make a Vomit . Purging Medicines are to be used in this Disease whether it be new or old . Take of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses six drams , of Rubarb one dram , of Salt of Wormwood and Cream of Tartar each half a Scruple , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Rubarb , make a Purging Bolus to be taken in the Morning . Or , Take of the Pill Ruffi one scruple , of extract of Rudius half a scruple , make four Pills , take them in a Morning , and repeat them four or five Days , afterwards once a Week . Take of Elixir Proprietatis one ounce , let him take twenty Drops in a glass of Wite-wine every day in the Morning , and at five in the Evening . Or , Take of Madder , and Turmerick , each one ounce , of all the greater Celandine , and of the Tops of the lesser Centaury , each one handful ; boil them in equal parts of Rhenish-wine , and Fountain-water to a quart ; in the strained Liquor dissolve two ounces of the five opening Roots ; let him take half a Pint Morning and Evening hot till he is well . Silvius much commends a Decoction of Hemp-seed , and Soap dissolved ; our common Remedy is Lice , nine being taken alive in a Morning five or six days following , and I have known several that have been cured this way , when other Medicines would not do the Business . But if , notwithstanding all above mentioned , the Disease continues obstinate , the Sick must use Iron-waters , such as are Tunbridge , which he must drink at the Fountain till he is well . Moreover , Those that are afflicted with this Disease are often subject to Pains that are very troublesome , and they rage chiefly a Nights : And moreover , the Sick cannot rest well , wherefore Anodynes are to be used . Take of Aqua-mirabilis , and of the Water of Worms , each one ounce ; of Diacodium six drams , of Tincture of Saffron half an ounce ; mingle them . The Dose is one Spoonful or two late at Night when the Sick cannot rest . CHAP. LXXXII . Of a Dropsie . EVery Age and Sex are sometimes troubled with a Dropsie , yet Women are more inclined to it than Men , it comes upon Men chiefly when they are old , and upon Women when they have done breeding ; but it sometimes seises barren Women when they are young : The pitting of the lower part of the Leg by impression of the Finger , is not so certain Sign of a Dropsie in Women as in Men ; for Women that are with Child , and such as have a stoppage of the Courses , are often subject to the same ; nor does such a Swelling certainly indicate a Dropsie ; for when an old Man of a gross Habit of Body , having been a long while afflicted with an Asthma , is suddenly freed from it in the Winter , presently a great Swelling seises the Legs , yet notwithstanding , generally speaking , the Swelling of the Legs is to be accounted a Sign of an approaching Dropsie . Three Symptoms accompany this Disease , Difficulty of Breathing , little Urine , and great Thirst . There are two sorts of Tumours of the Belly that resemble a Dropsie , that are common to Women ; the first is , a preternatural Excrescence of the Flesh in the parts within the Belly , which makes the Belly as Bulky as when Water is included in it ; the other kind arises from Wind , which does not only occasion a Tumour , but also other Signs of Breeding ; Widdows are most inclined to this sort , or such Women as were not married till they were in Years . The true and genuine curative Indications are wholly to be directed , either to the Evacuation of the Water contained in the Belly and other Parts , or to strengthen the Blood. That Purging may be instituted to the Advantage of the Patient , we ought to know whether the Sick is easily purged or hardly ; which can be known no other Way than by Inquiry , how purging Remedies used at other times worked . A Dropsie , above all other Diseases , requires the strongest and quickest Purges , and the Sick ought to be purged every day , unless by reason of the Weakness of the Body , or the too violent Operation of the preceding Purge , he ought to rest a day or two ; for you must not leave off purging , unless Necessity urge , till all the Water is quite carried off . For those that are easily purged , Syrup of Buck-thorn may be sufficient to carry off the Water . But when the Sick is of such a Constitution , that gentle Catharticks will not work quickly nor easily , stronger must be given ; for which I have frequently prescribed the following Potion with Success . Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of the Leaves of Senna two drams , of Rubarb one dram and an half , boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water to three ounces ; in the strained Liquor dissolve of Manna , and Syrup of Roses solutive , each one ounce ; of Syrup of Buck-thorn half an ounce , of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses two drams ; mingle them , make a Potion . But this Potion must be given only to strong People ; it purges when other things will not , as I have found by frequent experience . Or , Take of White-wine four ounces , of Jalap finely powdered one dram , of Ginger powdered one Scruple , of Syrup of Buck-thorn one ounce ; mingle them , make a Potion to to be taken early in the Morning , and to be repeated every Day , or every other Day , according to the Strength . But two Medicines remain , which in my Opinion are better than all the rest , for those that are difficultly purged , I mean Elaterium , and the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , Elaterium , or the Fecula of wild Cucumbers , being given in a small quantity , purge watery Humours powerfully , for two grains of it are a sufficient Dose for most People ; I used to mix it with a scruple of the Pill ex duobus , and to make three small Pills to be taken in the Morning . As to the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , an ounce and an half of it , or two ounces for those that are difficultly vomited , given in a Morning , and repeated daily , according to the Strength of the Sick , though it may seem at first only to evacuate the Water contained in the Stomach , yet at length it will free the Belly from the Waters that are in it . But if the foresaid Vomit does not sufficiently purge the Belly , for it uses to purge at last , after the third or fourth Dose of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum by it self , I sometimes though rarely , use the following . Take of the Water of Carduus Benedictus three ounces , of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum one ounce and an half , of Syrup of Buck-thorn half an ounce , of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses two drams ; mingle them , make a Potion . But here it is to be noted , that if the Swelling of the Belly be but small , the Water is not so easily evacuated by the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , as when the Dropsie is great , and a great quantity of Water is heaped up ; wherefore unless the Belly be much swelled , it is best to do all by things that purge downwards . But you must take notice that it often happens , that Water is cast not only upon the Thighs and Legs , but also into the Cavity of the Belly , and yet it is not to be evacuated by Purging Medicines . For Instance , When such a Tumour follows a long Consumption , or when it is occasioned by the Putrefaction of some of the Bowels , or from the Tone of the Blood spoiled , and the Spirits exhausted , or by long continuance of Fistula's in Carnous Parts , or occasioned by great Weakness and Evacuations by Sweating , Fluxing , or by violent purging , and by a thin Diet in the Cure of the French Pox , in these Cases the Patient will be rendered worse by purging ; wherefore we must endeavour all we can to strengthen the Blood and Bowels : And among Remedies to this purpose , which are to be mentioned by and by , I have found by Experience that the change of the Air , and Exercise in a free Air , such as the Sick can bear , answers this Indication excellently well . And when the Sick is of a weakly Constitution , or a Woman subject to Vapours , neither Purge nor Vomits must be used , but you must endeavour to evacuate the Water by Diureticks . I order one pound of the Ashes of Broom to be infused in the cold in three Pints of Rhenish-wine , and that a Pugil or two of the Leaves of common Wormwood be added to it , let the Sick take four ounces of the Liquor filtrated daily in the Morning , at five in the Evening , and late at Night , till the Swelling goes off ; with which Remedy alone I have known some Dropsies that were accounted deplorable cured , in such whose weak Constitution could not bear Purging . But to come to the second Intention , half the Business is no more than done , when the Water is evacuated ; wherefore we must endeavour to strengthen the Blood by a long and daily Course of heating and strengthening Medicines to prevent a new Collection of Water , and to this end the Sick must drink Wine whilst he is under Cure after the Passages are open for the Water to go out , or instead of Wine strong Beer . For poor People who could not provide better Medicines , I use to order Srong-beer , wherein Horse-radish Root , the Leaves of common Wormwood , Garden Scurvy-grass , Sage , the lesser Centaury , and the Tops of Broom have been infused , for their ordinary Drink . Rich People may use Canary-wine , wherein the same bitter Herbs have been infused , whereof a small draught may be taken twice or thrice a day , or they may take nine spoonfuls of Wormwood-wine instead of it , after two drams of the following Digestive Electuary in the Morning , at four in the Afternoon , and at Bed-time . Take of Conserve of Garden Scurvy-grass one ounce and an half , of the Conserve of Roman Wormwood , and of the yellow Rind of Oranges , each one ounce ; of candied Angelica , and Nutmegs candied , each half an ounce , of Venice Treacle three drams , of the compound Powder of Wake-robin , two drams , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges , make an Electuary . The Sick must be sure to drink sparingly of small Liquors ; but to take off his Thirst , he may often wash his Mouth with cold Water sharpened with Spirit of Vitriol , and he may hold Tamarinds in his Mouth now and then , or may chew a Lemon , but he must swallow neither of them . But amongst corroborating things , Steel is not the least . Garlick is also very good ; and without any Evacuatious I have known a Dropsie cured by it . Take of Syrup of Steel a quart ; let a spoonful be taken with fifteen grains of Cream of Tartar , every Morning , in five spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of Aqua-lactis Alexiter . one Pint , of compound Water of Wormwood , and of compound Water of Gentian , each three ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep . Take of Steel prepared , with Sulphur of astringent Saffron of Mars , each half an ounce ; of Crabs-eyes , and red Coral prepared , and of Salt of Wormwood , each one dram ; of Volatile Salt of Amber one scruple , of Extract of Gentian a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make ten Pills of every dram , let him take four every Night at Bed-time . 'T is to be noted , that that Dropsie which only swells the the Legs or the Belly a little , does not presently require to be cured by Vomiting , and Purging ; for it 's often removed by the heating and strengthning Medicines above mentioned ; but above all , 't is to be minded , that when we undertake to cure this Disease by Corroboratives or Lixivial Medicines , the Patient must by no means be purged . Topical or external Remedies , as far as I have observed do nothing considerable , and Blisters often occasion a Gangrene . To conclude , though this Disease , when it comes to a Dropsie of the Belly , has been always accounted desperate , yet it will appear , that if it be treated according to the Method above described , it may be as certainly cured ( if the Bowels are not corrupted ) as many other Diseases which are not reckoned so deadly . CHAP LXXXIII . Of a Timpany . A Timpany is a fixt hard and equal Swelling of the Belly , that sounds when 't is knock't upon with the Finger , it proceeds from a Convulsive Inflation of the Bowels , the Animal Spirits being obstructed in the Fibres ; it generally ends in a Dropsie . Medicines do little good in this Disease , yet they are not wholly to be rejected , the following are prescribed by Dr. Willis . Take of Peach-flowers , and of Damask-roses , each two pugils ; of the Flowers of Broom , Elder , and the lesser Centaury , each one pugil ; of the Leaves of Agrimony , and of Sea-wormwood , each one handful ; of the best Senna one ounce , of Rubarb six drams , of the seeds of Bastard-saffron half an ounce , of Dwarf-elder two drams , of yellow-sanders three drams , of the Roots of Galingal two drams , cut them , and bruise them , and put them into a silken Bag , and hang them in a Glass-bottle , and pour upon them a quart of White-wine , and a pint of Saxifrage-water , and put into the Bottle , a dram and an half of Salt of Tartar ; let them infuse forty eight Hours , and then take four or six ounces every third or fourth Day . The following has been used with Success in this Disease in a hot Constitution . Take of purging-waters four quarts , of Salt of Wormwood two drams , evaporate a quart over a gentle Heat ; and to these I used to add of the Water distilled from Wine with Catharticks four ounces , the dose is four or six ounces . Or to the Purging-water evaporated to a quart , add the Roots of Mecoacan , and Tu●bith , each half an ounce , of Rubarb six drams , of yellow-sanders two drams , of Cloves one dram , digest them hot in a close Vessel two hours , filter them hot through Paper , the dose is three or four ounces . Glisters are often used in this Disease , because they loosen the Belly without much provoking the Fibres . Take of the Infusion of Stone-horse-dung , with Camomil-flowers one pint , of Mercurial-honey two ounces , make a Glister . Or , Take of Vrine one pint , of Sal-prunella one dram , of Venice Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg one ounce and an half ; mingle them , make a Glister . Diureticks also seem proper . Take of live Millepedes cleansed three ounces , one Nutmeg sliced , beat them together , and pour upon them a Pint of the following Diuretick-water , strain out the Liquor hard , the dose is three or four ounces twice a day . Take of the green-berries of Juniper , and Elder , each six pounds ; of the Tops of Fir four pounds , of green Wallnuts two pound , of Winteran Bark four ounces , of the yellow-Peel of six Oranges , and four Lemons , of the Seeds of Bishops-weed , Rocket , and Cresses each one ounce and an half : of Dill two ounces ; cut them , and bruise them , and pour upon them four quarts of White-wine Posset-drink , distill them in a common Still , and mingle all the Waters . Whilst these things are taken inwardly , Topicks must be also applied , not such things as are hot and discussing , but those things which are indued with Particles of Volatile Salt and Nitre . Take of the Flowers of Sal-armoniack one ounce , of Sal-prunella two ounces , of small Spirit of Wine a quart , mingle them , and dissolve them in a Bottle . Flannels dipt in this are to be applied warm over the Belly twice a day for the space of half an hour ; afterwards apply a Cataplasm made of Cows-dung , and the powder of Dogs-dung , or the following Plaister . Take of the Plaister of Sope , that is of the red-lead Plaister , with a sufficient quantity of Venice Sope , spread it thin upon thin Leather , and apply it to the Belly , and renew it within ten or twelve Days . Altering Medicines are also requisite . Take of the Filings of Steel finely powdered two drams , of the distilled Water above described a quart , of the Syrup of the five opening Roots two ounces ; mingle them in a Glass , and let them clarifie by standing . The dose is three or four ounces in the Morning , and at five in the Afternoon . Take of the Powder of the Roots of Wake-robin , and of Crabs-eyes , each three drams , of Sal-Prunella two drams , of Vitriol of Mars one dram and an half , of Anthosat Sugar two drams ; mingle them , the dose is half a dram in a convenient Vehicle . And Medicines are to be prescribed against Fainting , Difficulty of Breathing , Watching , and Drouth . Cordials . Take of the Waters of Orange-flowers , of the Flowers of Marigolds , and of Camomil , each three ounces ; of Dr. Stephens's water two ounces , of Tincture of Saffron two drams , of Sugar one ounce , of Pearls one dram , make a Julep , the Dose is four or five spoonfuls thrice , or oftner in a Day . Take of the Conserve of Marigold-flowers two ounces , of Confection of Atkermes , and of Hyacinth , each two drams ; of Pearls powdered one ounce , of the Syrup of the Juice of Citron a sufficient quantity ; make a Confection , let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening , drinking upon it a draught of the Julep . Hypnoticks . Take of the Hysterick-water six drams , of Diacodium half an ounce , mingle them , let it be taken at Bed-time . Or , Take of Syrup of Cowslips three Spoonfuls , of compound Peony-water one spoonful , of Laudanum tartarized one dram , let a spoonful be taken in the Night , if the Sick cannot sleep . To quench the Thirst without much drinking , which is always very prejudicial , let the Sick lick often a small quantity of the following Linctus . Take of Conserve of Wood-sorrel pulped three ounces , of the Pulp of Tamarinds two ounces , of Sal-prunella one dram , of the Syrup of the Juice of Wood-sorrel a sufficient quantity ; make a Linctus . CHAP. LXXXIV . Of an Anasarca . AN Anasarca is a white soft Swelling of the outward parts of the Body , or of some of them , it yields to the Touch , and will pit , and is occasioned by watry Humours extravasated . As to the Cure , there are two things chiefly to be minded , First , That the Water within the Skin should be evacuated . Secondly , That Care be taken to prevent the heaping up of new Water , to which End we must endeavour ( the Viscera of Concoction being freed from Obstructions and Filth ) that good Chyle be made and carried in a due quantity to the Mass of Blood , and that it be sufficiently fermented . The Vital Indication is of little use in this Disease , because there is seldom Fainting or Watching for which Cordials and Hypnoticks are required , and also a strengthning diet ; for Fasting and Abstinence do good in this Case , and often perform the greatest part of the Cure ; for the Vessels being emptied by Fasting , absorb the Waters within the Skin or stagnating elsewhere , and evacuate them by the Reins or the Pores of the Skin , or otherwise . The Sick must use purging Medicines prescrib'd for a Dropsie , and the same Diureticks . A Decoction of the Woods is also very proper . Take of the Shavings of Guajacum six ounces , of Sassafras two ounces , of all the Sanders each six drams , of Ivory and Hartshorn rasped each three drams ; infuse them , and boil them in four quarts of Fountain-water till half is consumed , adding to it the Roots of Sweet-smelling Flag , of the lesser Galingal , of Burdock , and Butter-bur , each one ounce ; of the Leaves of Sharp-sage , and of dried Germander , each two handfuls ; keep the strained Liquor for use ; the Dose is eight or ten ounces hot twice a Day , to every Dose add twenty or five and twenty drops of Spirit of Sa●armoniack , with Amber , or of Soot , or of the Tincture of Salt of Tartar half a dram , or a dram . Frictions do often good in an Anasarca , wherefore the whole Body may be rubb'd once or twice a day with a course Napkin , or with Brushes made for that Purpose . Blisters evacuate the Water plentifully , but there is Danger of a Gangrene by the use of them . But Escharoticks may be more safely used than Blisters ; an Emperick often evacuated successfully Water from the Members of Dropsical People , if they were never so much swelled , in the following manner by an Escharotick , viz First , he fomented their Legs Morning and Evening with a Decoction of Dwarf-elder , Wormwood , Camomil , and other hot Herbs , the grounds of Beer or Wine being added to it ; and betwixt the times of Bathing he applied a Cataplasm made of the Dregs of the Decoction and Bran ; after these things had been used three days , he covered the Legs and Feet with a Plaister made of Burgundine-pitch , leaving only upon each Calf a little hole about the bigness of a small Nut , in which places he applied an Escarotick Medicine to the naked Skin , made of the Ashes of the Bark of the Ash , which being taken off , after twelve hours , a small Eschar remained from the pores whereof the Water first drained gently and daily ; afterwards it dropt more freely , but when the Eschar cast , it flowed as from a Fountain , till it had emptied the Legs . Another Way remains ( as good as the former but less us'd ) to drain the Water , viz. By pricking with a Needle , which also must be used cautiously and leisurely , lest the Flux of Waters should be too great ; provide such a Needle as Tailors use , and prick the Place that is most swelled with it so as that the Blood may not come ; you must prick only six or seven Holes at at a time , at the Distance of the Breadth of a Thumb , one from the other ; the Water will break out drop by drop from each Hole continually , till all the Swelling about the Parts prick'd disappears ; and then the next time , sometimes after twelve hours , sometimes after eighteen , and sometimes after twenty four , prick again in another part of the same Leg , or in the other ; and so once or twice a day in this or that Member , in one or two or more at a time , for the Water may be drawn more plentifully and safer this Way than any other ; and if the Breeding of new Water be prevented by Medicines , the Disease will be easily cured . Moreover , in a deplorable Dropsie the Life may be prolonged this way : An old Man of Seventy Years of Age , that was dropsical all over , kept his Head above Water , and lived many Months by this means , contrary to Expectation . But to strengthen and restore the Blood , the following Medicines must be used . Take of Conserve of Sea-wormwood , of Scurvy-grass , and the yellow Peel of Oranges , each two ounces ; of the Winteran-Bark two drams , of the Species Diacurcuma one dram and an half , of Steel prepared with Sulphur three drams , of Salt of Wormwood two drams , of Syrup of the Bark of Curon a sufficient quantity , make an Electuary ; the Dose is two drams in the Morning , and at five in the Afternoon . Chalybeats do often a great deal of good in this Disease . Take of the compound Powder of the Roots of Wake-robin , of the Winteran-bark , each three drams ; of the Roots of the lesser Galingal , and of Cubebs , each one dram and an half ; of Steel prepared with Sulphur half an ounce , of Sugar anthosated six drams ; make a Powder to be divided into twenty Parts , give one Part every Morning , and at five in the Afternoon . Let him drink of the following Decoction instead of Beer . Take of the Shavings of Guajacum , and Sassafras , each four ounces ; of the Roots of Florentine-orris , of Sweet-smelling-flag , the lesser Galingal , and of Elecampane , each one ounce and an half ; of the Berries of Juniper and Bayes each two ounces ; of the Seeds of Annise , Carrawayes , Sweet-fennel , Coriander and Dill , each one ounce ; of Long-pepper , and Cubebs , each one ounce and an half ; of Cloves , Nutmegs , and Ginger , each half an ounce ; of Jamaica Pepper two ounces , of the dried Leaves of Sharp-sage , Wild-sage , Calaminth , Agrimony , each one handful ; of Liquorish four ounces , cut them and bruise them , and boil them in four Gallons of Fountain-water till half is consumed , keep the strained Liquor in Bottles for use . Many have been cured by this Liquor . CHAP. LXXXV . Of the Scurvy . IN the old Treatises of Physick , there is so seldom mention made of the Scurvy , and the Description of it is so small , that some have doubted whether such a Disease ( that is now Endimial in many Places , and Sporadick almost every where , and wherewith almost every one is affected , or thinks he is so ) did at all exist in ancient Times ; and some think its Rise is of a newer date , as are the French-pox and Rickets ; but this Disease , though it had other Names , was observed by the Ancients , and the Cure of it was described by them , though not very exactly . Many and various are the Symptoms of the Scurvy , and sometimes such as are of a contrary Nature , are imputed to it ; and if any unusual Accident happens to the Body , that cannot be referred to any other certain kind of Disease , we presently pronounce it Scorbutick . And so this notorious Disease bears the Blame of all , but many truly belong to it which arise in almost every part of the Body , and therefore we will trace it from Head to Foot ; it occasions violent , habitual , wandering or periodick Head-achs , sometimes a Dulness of the Spirits , and Drowsiness , sometimes Watchings , Giddiness , Convulsions , Palsie , much Spitting , Ulcers of the Gums , Loosness of the Teeth , and a Stinking of the Breath . About the Region of the Breast , Pains in various parts of the Membranes , and especially on the Breast-bone , which are often very violent for many Nights and Days ; an Asthma , difficult and unequal Breathing , Constriction and Narrowness of the Breast , a dry Cough , an inordinate Pulse , trembling of the Heart , frequent Fainting , and almost a continual Fear of it . This Disease makes the lower Belly its principal Seat , and occasions many Disorders there , as Nauseousness , Vomiting , Wind , a Cardialgia , frequent Collicks , and troublesome Pains running hither and thither , a Loosness that is almost continual , sometimes a Bloody-flux , a Consumption , and a Dropsie . The Urine is often red , with a Crust upon it , or sticking to the Sides of the Pot , and sometimes 't is pale and rendred in a great quantity ; in the outward Members , and over the whole Body , there are Wandring pains , and oftentimes such as are violent , especially in the Night ; also Spontaneous Lassitude , a Wasting of the Flesh , a weakness of the Limbs , Spots of various colours upon the Skin , Tumours , Tubercles , and ill Ulcers , Numbness and Contraction of the Muscels , Twitching of the Tendons , Erratick Feavers , and great Hemorrhagies . These are the common and usual Symptoms of the Scurvy , whereof sometimes more , sometimes fewer , sometimes this kind , sometimes that kind afflict the Sick , and sometimes unusual and prodgious Accidents happen . As to the Cure , Because it is not one simple preternatural Disorder , but a Legion is to be combated with ; therefore the Method of Cure consists of many Indications , that are variously complicated , but yet they may be referred to these three Heads , viz. They must be preservative to respect the Cause of the Diseases , and curative , that respect the Disease it self and its Symptoms . And Lastly , Vital , which restore and defend the Strength of the Patient . First , The Sick must be purged , and if there be a weight upon the Stomach , a Vomit must be given ; and if the Patient be strong and lusty , and used to bear Vomiting well , the Vinum-benedictum may be given , and the like . But if the Sick be of a weakly Constitution ; you must give Wine of Squills , or Gilla Theophrasti , and the Sick must fill his Stomach with Posset-drink , and force it up with his Finger , or with a Feather . As to Purging , If the Sick be of a hot Constitution ; Medicines of Aloes and Diagridium must be avoided , and such as are made of Senna and Rubarb , must be given , As , Take of the Leavss of Senna one ounce , of Rubarb six drams , of Dodder of Thym three drams , of the Roots of Polypody of the Oak , and of English Rubarb dried , each half an ounce ; of yellow Sanders two drams , of Celtick Spike half a dram , of Salt of Wormwood two drams ; cut them and bruise them , and infuse them in a Matrass , in the Heat of Sand , with Whitewine and Fumitory-water , each a Pint for two days ; evaporate the clear Liquor strained in the gentle heat of a Bath to the Consistence of Hony , then add of the Powder of the Leaves of Senna , and of Rubarb , each one dram and an half ; of the Species of the three Sanders one dram , of Cream of Tartar one dram and an half ; make a Mass for Pills . The Dose is from half a dram to a dram , to be taken once a Week , or oftner . Or let the Infusion be evaporated to the Consistence of a Syrup , adding towards the end , of Manna strained and of White Sugar , each two ounces ; make a Syrup . The Dose is one or two Spoonfuls in a proper Vehicle . They who are of a cold Constitution may take the following Pills . Take of the Stomach-pill with Gums two drams , of Rosin , of Jalap , grains twenty ; of Tartar vitriolated grains sixteen , of Oyl of Juniper ten drops , with a sufficient quantity of Ammoniacum dissolved in the Water of Worms ; make sixteen Pills , let four be taken once a Week . Take of the Roots of Sharp-pointed-dock , of Polypody of the Oak , of stinging-nettles , and of Chervil each six drams ; of the Leaves of Hemp , Agrimony , and Speedwell , each one handful ; of yellow and white Sanders , each one dram ; of the Seeds of Bastard saffron one ounce , of White-wine Tartar half an ounce ; boil them in a quart of Fountain-water till half is consumed , add a Pint of Rhenish-wine , strain it presently , and add to it half an ounce of the best Senna , six drams of Rubarb , half an ounce of the Leaves of Black-hellebore , of the yellow Peel of Oranges two drams ; infuse it warm in a close Vessel twelve hours ; keep the strained Liquor in a Glass well stopped ; the dose is five or six drams . After Purging once or twice , if Bleeding be indicated , you must bleed in the Arm , or with Leeches . After Bleeding many Remedies of another kind are necessary ; but that you may prescribe orderly , you must consider whether the Preservatory Indications have only place here , or whether some curatory Indications , namely such as respect the Symptoms that are violent ought not to be minded between whiles . But if there be no urgent Symptom , you must wholly apply your self to the Cure according to the following Method . And as to the Cure of the Symptoms , we shall treat of them by themselves below . Wherefore , If your chief Design be to erradicate the Cause of the Scurvy , digestive , and Specifick or Antiscorbutick Remedies must be used at all times , except on the Days the Sick purges , whereunto , if there be Occasion , Diaphoreticks or Diureticks must be sometimes added . Various Forms are prescribed by Authors every where to answer these Intensions , but we will only mention the chiefest , which according to the twofold Disposition of the scorbutick Cause , viz. The Sulphurous Saline , and the Salino sulphurean Discrassy of the Blood , we will distinguish , into two Classes ; And First , Of the cold Scurvy . Among Digestive Medicines , Cream of Tartar , Salt and Tincture of it , Tartar vitriolated , Elixir Proprietatis , or either of these , may be taken twice a day . Or , Take of the Winteran-Bark , of Wood of Aloes , of the Roots of the lesser Galingal , each two drams ; of Cinnamon , Cloves , and Cubebs , each one dram ; of the Seeds of Bishops Weed , and Cresses , each half a dram ; bruise them , and pour upon them the following Menstruum three Fingers high ; digest them in a Matrass six days in Sand , keep the strained Liquor in a Glass well stopeed . The dose is twenty drops more or less , in a Spoonful of Canary-wine , or some proper Water twice a Day . The Menstruum is made in the following manner . Take of Spirit of Vitriol rectified six ounces , of Spirit of Wine rectified sixteen ounces ; mingle them , and distill it in a glass retort , and Cohobat it thrice , and keep it in a Glass well stopt for use . Elixir Proprietatis is made easier and better by this Menstruum , than by the common way . Whilst these Remedies are given in a small quantity Morning and Evening , Antiscorbutick Medicines of another kind may be taken , which are generally prescribed in a double Form , viz. Solid and Liquid to be taken together , the Solid first , and the Liquid presently after . Take of the Conserves of Scurvy-grass , and Roman Wormwood , and of Fumitory , each two ounces ; of the Powder of the Winteran-bark , of the Roots of Angelica , and of Wake-robin , each two drams ; of the Species of the three Sanders one dram and an half , of the Powder of Crabs-eyes one dram , of Salt of Wormwood , two drams , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the Bark of Citron ; make an Electuary . Take of the Conserves of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass , and Brook-lime , made with an equal quantity of Sugar , each three ounces ; of the Troches of Capers , and of Rubarb , each two drams , of Salt of Wormwood , and of Scurvy-grass , each one dram ; of Ivory Powdered , and Coral calcined , each one dram ; with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup made of the Juice of Scurvy-grass ; make an Electuary . I use to prescribe Conserves made of the yellow Peel of Lemons and Oranges , of the Purple-flowers of the Ash , of the Leaves and Flowers of Ladies-Smock , of the Roots of sharp-pointed Dock , and of English Rubarb , made with an equal quantity of Sugar , which I give by themselves , or mixed with other Conserves or Species . For Country and poor People , who desire Medicines that are cheap and easily prepared , I prescribe after this manner . Take of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass , and Brook-lime , each four ounces ; of white Sugar eight ounces ; beat them together in a Mortar , and add to them of the Powder of the Winteran-bark half an ounce , of Tartar calcined with Niter three drams ; with a sufficient quantity of Spanish-wine ; make an Electuary . The Dose is the quantity of a Wallnut twice a day , drinking upon it some proper Liquor . Take of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass one pound , of Raisins of the Sun stoned , and of White Sugar , each half a pound ; of the Lees of the Root of Horse-radish two ounces ; beat them together and reduce them to the Form of an Electuary . In some scorbutical cases , where the use of Steel is indicated , three drams of Steel prepared with Sulphur , or two drams of Vitriol of Mars , may be mixed with any of the Electuaries : After the taking of the Medicine once or twice a day the Body must be exercised . Take of the compound Powder of Wake-robin one ounce and an half , of Winteran-bark half an ounce , of Cubebs , grains of Paradise , and Cardamoms , each two drams ; of Salt of Wormwood three drams , of Tablets of Oranges three ounces ; make a Powder . The dose is one dram in some proper liquor . For Delicate People the following Tablets may be prescribed . Take of the Powder of the Winteran-bark , and of Crabs-eyes , each one dram and an half ; of Pearles powdered half a dram , of white-sugar dissolved in a sufficient quantity of the Water of Worms , and boiled to Tablets , six ounces ; of Spirit of Scurvy-grass two drams ; make Tablets , each weighing half a dram , let two be taken twice a day , drinking upon them some proper Liquor . Tablets of Oranges are made in the following manner . Take of Orange , Lemmon , and Citron peel candied , each one ounce ; of Eryngo-roots candied half an ounce , of Pine , and Pistach-nuts , each twenty ; of sweet Almonds blanched number ten , of Annise-seeds powdered half an ounce ; of Ginger candied two drams , of the Species Aromatick Rosat , and of Nutmegs , each one dram and an half ; of the Roots of Galingal one dram , of Cloves number ten , of Ambar-grease grains four , of Musk , and Civet , each grains two ; of White-sugar dissolved in Rose-water and boiled to Tablets , one pound and an half , and so make Tablets . Antiscorbutick Wines and Beers . Take of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass four handfuls , of Horse-radish-root rasped four ounces , of Winteran-bark bruised half an ounce , of the yellow peel of four Oranges , and as many Lemmons ; put them into a glass , and pour upon them six quarts of Rhenish-wine ; keep the Glass close stopt in a cold place ; let a quarter of a pint be taken Morning and Evening , and at dinner-time daily , and pour off the Wine clear when you use it . But medicated Beer is more common for the Scurvy , to be drank constantly for ordinary Drink . Provide four Gallons of Ale , and instead of Hops , boil in it four handfuls of the tops of Pine , or of Fir ; when it has done Working in the Vessels , put in four handfuls of Scurvy-grass , four ounces of the Roots of Sharp-pointed Dack , and the Peels of four Oranges ; when it has stood a Week and is clear , it may be drank for ordinary Drink . Diet-drinks do a great deal of good in the Scurvy , because they being continually taken with Meat they alter the Blood. But in some Scorbutical cases , and in a hot Scurvy , Scurvy-grass , Horse-radish , and the Winteran-bark , and other acrid things , such as abound with Volatile-salt are sometimes injurious ; wherefore when the Morbisick Discrasie of the Blood is hot , temperate Medicines are indicated . Take of Conserves of Brook-lime , and Ladies-Smock , made with an equal quantity of Sugar , each three ounces ; of the Species of the three Sanders , of Diarrhodon Abbatis , each one dram and an half ; of Ivory powdered one dram , of Pearls half a dram , of Salt of Wormwood , and Tamarisck , each one dram ; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Coral , make an Electuary Take of the Conserves of Wood-sorrel , and of Hips , each three ounces ; or of the Conserve of the Roots of Sharp-pointed Dock , and of the Roots of Succory , each three ounces ; of the Troches of Rubarb two drams , of the Species Diamargarite frigid one dram and an half , of the Bark of Tamarisck one dram , of Sal-prunella one dram and an half , of Mirobalans candied number two , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of candied Mirobalans ; meke an Electuary . For the Poor I used to prescribe the following Electuary . Take of the Leaves of Brook-lime six ounces , of Wood-sorrel two ounces , of White-sugar eight ounces ; bruise them , and add to them half an ounce of the Flower of the Seeds of sweet Fennel , of Ivory powdered two drams , of Sal-prunuella one dram and an half , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the Juice of Brook-lime ; make an Electuary . Take of the Powder of the Leaves of Ground-pine , of the compound Powder of Wake-robin , each one ounce and an half ; of Ivory powdered , and of red Coral , prepared with the Juice of Oranges , each two drams ; of the Tablet of of Oranges two ounces . The Dose is one Spoonful twice a Day , Take of the Species of the three Sanders , of Diamargarite frigid , each one dram and an half ; of Pearls powdered , Red-coral prepared , and of Ivory powdered , each one dram ; of Sugar dissolved in Scordium-water , and boiled to Tablets , six ounces ; make Tablets . But if Chalybeats are to be mixed with these temperate Antiscorbuticks , two or three drams of Crocus Martis , or the like , may be added to the Electuaries : But it is often best to take Calybeats in Liquors . Wines and mediated Beers . Although the use of Wines in the Scurvy , caused by reason of the Heat , and sulpherous Saline Discrasie of the Blood , are not very convenient ; nevertheless when the Weakness of the Stomach , or Custom at least requires Wine mixed it with Water . Such a Liquor that is temperated and medicated may be prepared . In the first place , Small Wines , mixed with Water , and those that are impregnated with the Infusion of Baulm , Borrage , and Burnet , may be allowed . Moreover , Wines may be prepared of the Juice of Currants , of Cherries and of Garden-fruits , which may be ripened by Fermentation , and are very grateful to the Stomach , and purifie the Blood : Syder is also very good , if it be clear , and not sharp . Moreover , many ingredients may be put into clear Syder , as the Tops of Pine or of Fir , the Flowers of Tamarisck , the Raspings of Ivory or Harts-horn , which sweeten and preserve the Liquor . Temperate medicated Diet-drinks may be prescribed in the following Manner . Provide six Gallons of Small Ale , and instead of Hops , boil the Tops of Pine or Tamarisck in it , or the Raspings of the Wood of either of them ; and when it has done working ; put into a Bag sharp-pointed Dock dried , which is an excellent Medicine for the Scurvy ; also the Leaves of Water-cresses , or Brook-lime , and Bank-cresses ; also Citrons , or Oranges cut in Slices , and hanged in Vessels . Hitherto we have treated about the Removal of the Morbisick cause , but when the Symptoms are very violent , they require a peculiar Method of Cure. And First , Difficulty of Breathing , with Narrowness of the Breast , and Asthmatical Fits , must be taken off by Medicines proper for the Symptom : Elixir Proprietatis is of excellent use in this Case . Pain of the Stomach , Nauseousness , Belching and Vomiting , must be cured by a gentle Vomit of Wine of Squils , or of Salt of Vitriol ; or the Patient must be purged with an Infusion of Rubarb , with Salt or Cream of Tartar added to it . Elixir Proprietatis is also good in this Case . The Collick and Gripes must be cured by Glisters , Opiats and testaceous Powders . Take of the Powder of Crabs-eyes , and of Egg-shells , each one dram and an half ; of Pearls , one dram ; make a Powder to be divided into twelve Doses , whereof one must be taken every sixth hour in some Antiscorbutical-water . And in this case Epsom and Barnet-waters do a great deal of Good. An inveterate Diarrhea which frequently happens to Scorbutical People , must not be stopt by astringent Medicines , nor is it easily cured by Alteratives and Antiscorbuticks . Tunbridge-waters and the like are of excellent use in this case . Chalybeat Medicines are also very good , but Crocus Martis is the best . I have used the following Method often with very good Success . First , The Sick must be purged with the Powder or Infusion of Rubarb , with some astringent Aromaticks added to it ; and it must be repeated three or four days after . On the days the Sick does not purge , he must take Morning and Evening the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Electuary . Take of the Conserve of Roman-wormwood , made with an equal quantity of Sugar , six ounces ( in a hot Constitution Conserve of Roses may be used instead of it ) of Diarrhodon Abbatis two drams , of white and red Sanders powdered , each one dram ; of the best Saffron of Mars half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Steel ; make an Electuary . In a Bloody-flux and Tenesmus , the like Method is to be used , especially Tunbridge-waters or the like . Moreover , Glisters made of Vulnerary Decoctions must be often injected . I lately cured a Man of a long Disentery who daily voided many Ounces of Blood by the following Remedy . Take of the best Rubarb powdered two drams , of Cinnamon one dram , of Crocus Martis three drams ; make Pills with a sufficient quantity of Lucatellus's Balsam . He took four sometimes every day , sometimes every other day , for the space of a Fortnight , and was perfectly cured . But he constantly drank a medicated Beer made of the Roots of Sharp-pointed Docks , and of the Leaves of Brook-lime . A Vertigo often comes upon an inveterate Scurvy ; as also frequent Swoonings , and Numbness in the Limbs ; they are very difficultly cured , by reason they are produced by a Scorbutick Salt obstructing the Brain and Nerves . Cephalick Medicines , such as are proper in the Vertigo and Paralitick Distempers , which come of themselves , mixed with Antiscorbuticks , are to be given . Therefore the Body being cleansed by Catharticks which are proper in the Scurvy , you may proceed with Medicines proper to cure these Diseases after this manner . In the beginning of the Cure the Hemorrhoids are to be opened by the Application of Leeches ; and this ought to be often repeated , unless something contraindicate . Take of the Roots of Male-peony half an ounce , of red Cora● prepared two drams , of Man's Skull , and Elks-hoof , each one dram ; take of fine Sugar dissolved in Peony-water compound , or the compound Water of Horse-radish , and boiled to Tablets , eight ounces ; of the best Oyl of Amba● rectified half a dram ; make Tablets . A dram and an half or two drams of them may be taken Morning and Night , drinking upon them a draught of the following distilled water . Take of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass , Brook-lime , Lillies of the Valley , Sage , Rosemary , Bettony , each three handful● , of green Wallnuts one pound , the Peels of six Oranges and of four Lemmons , the Roots of Male-peony green ● Pound and an half ; after they are bruised and sliced , pour upon them of Flegm of Vitriol one pound , of Who made with Syder five Pints ; distil them after the common manner ; mix all the Liquor together . The Dose is three or four ounces . Fluxes of Blood often threaten great Danger in the Scurvy ; therefore these Fluxes , whether they be too great , or from an inconvenient place , ought to be stop for the present , and guarded against for the future . The common Method of stopping Blood when it flows immoderately , is generally known , and there is no peculiar thing more to be done on this Occasion , than what is usual in other Fluxes of Blood. Nevertheless , to hinder these Fluxes of blood , Remedies must be used which sweeten the Blood , and contract the Orifices of the Vessels which are too lax and open . Both these Intentions are excellently performed by Steel Medicines . Take of the Conserve of red Roses , and of Hips , each three ounces ; of the Species Diarrhodon Abbatis , of the three Sanders , each a dram and an half ; of Salt of Steel one dram , of Saffron of Mars two drams , of red Cora● prepared one dram and an half , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Steel ; make an Electuary . The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg three times a day , drinking upon it a Draught of some proper Liquor . For the Poor you may prescribe after this manner . Take of the Tops of Cypress , and of stinging Nettles , each four ounces ; of Brook-lime two ounces ; beat them in a Mortar with ten ounces of white Sugar ; afterwards add Filings of Steel finely powdered one ounce , of white and red Sanders powdered , each two drams ; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup made of the Juice of Nettles , make an Electuary . The Dose is the quantity of a Wallnut twice a day . When the Scurvy does infect the inward Parts of the Mouth , as when the Gums begin to swell , and their Flesh grows spungy , Medicines are presently to be used that resist Putrefaction : Liquors to wash the Mouth , and Liniments are of great use both at the beginning and height of this Distemper ; and as they respect various Intentions , so they are to be prepared after divers manners . Gargarisms or Waters for the Mouth are of divers kinds , which are all made for the most part of the Decoctions of Vegetables , or the Infusion of Minerals . The Herbs and Roots which are boiled in a proper Liquor , viz. Water , or Wine , are for the most part sharp , bitter , or stiptick . Afterwards these Decoctions are impregnated with a Salt either volatile , lixivial , vitriolick , or chalybeat and aluminous . When the Gums are swelled , and become spungy , a Gargarism may be prescribed after this manner . Take of the Bark of Elder , and of Elm , each half an handful ; of the leaves of Savory , Sage , Hedge-mustard , and Cresses , each one handful ; of the Roots of Pepper-wort two drams . After they are cut and bruised , boil them in three pints of Lime-water to the Consumption of the third part ; make a Gargarism ; it may be sweetned with two ounces of Honey of Roses . Liniments may be also prescribed for the same purpose , they are most properly applied at Night . The following is greatly commended by Authors . Take of the Powder of the Leaves of Columbines , of curled Mint , Sage , Nutmeg , Mirrh ( which is sometimes left out ) each two drams ; of Burnt-alum half an ounce , of Virgin-honey a sufficient quantity ; make a Liniment . If the Flesh of the Gums be dried , and falls off from the Roots of the Teeth , light Scarification is often used ; the Mouth also is to be washed with this Decoction . Take of the Tops of Madder , Cypress , of the Leaves of Sanicle , Ladies-smock , each one handful ; boil them in three pints of Water wherein hot Iron hath been quenched , to the Consumption of a third part ; add to the strained Liquor two ounces of Honey of Roses ; mingle them . When the Gums are putrified and corrupted , and the Teeth being carious and loose , stink , stronger Medicines , and such as greatly resist Putrefaction , are to be used . The Infusion of Vitriol camphorated , and of Lapis medicamentosus , is very effectual in this case . If deep and putrid Ulcers afflict the Gums , or any other part of the Mouth , strong Remedies must be often used ; also Cotton dipt in Aegyptiacum dissoloved in Spirit , or in the Infusion of Lapis Medicamentosus , or sublimate , must be sometimes applied to the part affected . Scorbutick People are also oftentimes afflicted with Pains in the Legs and in other Joints , especially in the Night-time , for the removing of which Pains , which are sometimes very violent , besides the general Method of curing the Scurvy , Specifick Remedies are to be used : Therefore in such a case Purging having been rightly performed , and Bleeding , if there be occasion for it , Medicines both external and internal must be used . As to the First , Those that evacuate by Sweat , and by Urine , are oft-times very effectual : Testaceous Powders , Crabs-eyes , the Jaw of a Pike , the Spirit , and Flowers of Sal-Armoniack , Spirit of Blood , Tincture of Antimony , and of Coral , Decoctions of the Roots and Seeds of Burdock , Ground-pine , and Germander , are very proper ; and such like Remedies may be taken twice or thrice a day ●n distilled antiscorbutick-waters . The distilled water of Horse-dung , with Scurvy-grass , Brook-lime , and Ground-●ine , and the like , may be conveniently used . In the mean time Fomentations , Liniments , Cataplasms , and ●uch like Applications must be applied to ease the Pain . For a Scorbutical Gout , Henricus Petreus mentions ●wo Remedies , which are frequently used in West●halia . Take nine Worms , beat them in a Mortar with two spoonfuls of Wine , press it through a Cloth , and add to it half a Measure of Wine ; let three spoonfuls of it be taken in the Morning , at Noon , and in the Evening for many days . The other is as follows . Take of Savin two or three Branches , of Virgin-honey two spoonfuls , boil them in a measure of Wine till the Wine sink two Fingers ; let four or five spoonfuls of the strained Liquor be taken thrice a day . Certainly the Magisterial-water , of Worms , of the London Dispensatory , is very beneficial in this Disease , so are the Spirit and Salt of Harts-horn , Spirit of Blood , Flowers of Sal-armoniack , which I have often used with good Success . Moreover , Testaceous Powders , as Crabs-eyes , Coral , Pearls , and Vegetables , which are counted good for the Gout , as the Roots of Birth-wort , the Leaves of Ground-pine , and Germander , and the like , mixed with Antiscorbuticks conduce to the Cure of this Disease . Oyl of Worms , of Frogs and Toads , are often useful to ease the Pain . I have been told by a worthy Man , that the Water drawn from what is contained in the Stomach of an Ox newly killed , by Distillation , and applied hot with Cloaths , gives certainly ease . For Convulsive and Paralitick Diseases occasioned by the Scurvy , Remedies proper for them must be mixed with Antiscorbuticks , For a Consumption and a Feaver ocasioned by the Scurvy , gentle Catharticks , Digestives , and things that corroborate must be used . And because they often arise from a scirrhous Tumour in the Stomach , or Parts thereabouts , things that open Obstructions are to be used , as Tunbridge-waters , and the like . Moreover , Fomentations , Liniments and Plaisters must be outwardly applyed ; Asses or Cows-milk , diluted with Barly-water , or with some proper distilled-water is often good ; so is Broth made of Snails , and Snails boiled in Milk. Moreover , Distilled waters of Milk or Whey with Snails , and Antiscorbutick Herbs , do a great deal of Good in this Case . And for the Feaver , the following Medicines may be used with a thin Diet , Take of the Raspings of Harts-horn , and Ivory , each two drams and an half ; of Eryngo Roots candied six drams , of the Roots of Chervil , Dandelyon , each half an ounce ; of the Leaves of Harts-tongue , Liverwort , each one handful ; one Apple sliced , of Raisins one handful ; boil them in four Pints of Fountain-water to the Consumption of a third part ; pour the strained Liquor upon two handfuls of Brook-lime , and a dram and an half of Sal-prunella , or of Nitre fixed one dram ; let them infuse for the Space of three Hours ; four or six ounces of it may be taken three times a day . Take of the Leaves of Brook-lime four handfuls , of Wood-sorrel , of the Herb and Root of Dandelyon , each two handfuls ; of Snails cleansed one pound and an half , the Peels of two Oranges : After they are bruised and cut , pour upon them six Pints of new Milk , or Whey made with Syder , or of the fresh Juice of Apples ; distill them after the common Way . Three ounces may be taken twice or thrice a day . A Scorbutical Rhumatism must be cured by Purging , but especially by Bleeding , and repeated sometimes according to the Strength of the Patient . Diureticks and Diaphoreticks must be also used , and four or six ounces of the Infusion of Horse-dung in Wine or Ale may be taken twice or thrice a day on the Days the Sick does not purge . Spirit of Harts-horn , or of Blood , is also very good in this case . A Scorbutical Dropsie arising from an evident Cause , or occasionally , is often cured ; wherefore , if the Sick cannot sleep , Opiats must be given , and Purging must be repeated at due distances , according to the Strength of the Patient , and Glisters must be often injected to keep the Body loose . Take of Mercurius Dulcis one Scruple , of Rosin of Jalap five or ten grains , of Cloves half a Scruple ; mix them and give it in a spoonful of Panado : At other Times Diureticks , and sometimes Diaphoreticks , must be given . Take of Tincture of Salt of Tartar , impregnated with the Tincture of Millepedes , as much as you please : Give a Scruple or two Scruples twice a day in some proper Liquor . Take of the Spirit of Sal-armoniack what quantity you please : The Dose is fifteen drops . Take of Mille pedes prepared three drams , of Salt of Tartar two drams , of Nutmegs one dram ; mix them , make a Powder . The Dose is half a dram twice a day with some proper Liquor . Or , Take of dried Bees powdered two drams , of the Seeds of Bishops-weed powdered one dram , of Oyl of Juniper one scruple , of Turpentine a sufficient quantity for a Mass of Pills . The Dose is one scruple or half a dram to be taken twice a day , drinking upon it three or four ounces of the following Water . Take of the Leaves of both the Scurvy-grasses , of Water-cresses , of Pepper-wort , and Arsmart , each three handfuls ; of the Roots of Wake-robin , Briony , and Florentine-orris , each four ounces ; of the middle Bark of Elder two handfuls , of the Winteran-bark two ounces , of the yellow Peel of four Oranges , and three Lemmons , and of fresh Juniper-berries , four ounces ; cut them and bruise them , and pour upon them two quarts of Rhenish-wine , and of the Wine made of the Juice of Elder-berries one quart . Distill them in a common Still , and mix the Waters . The Dose is three or four ounces twice a day , after a Dose of any of the Medicines above prescribed . There remains one Symptom , that comes , though rarely , upon the Scurvy , viz. A crackling of the Bones ; but the Cure of it is not yet known . An orderly Diet is of great moment in the Cure of the Scurvy : The Sick must only eat Meat of easy Digestion , he must avoid thick and clammy Meat , and such as are smoaked , and Pulse , Milk-meats , unripe Fruit , and things that are sugared ; for the Scurvy has increased wonderfully of late by the immoderate use of Sugar . Their Drink must be middling mild Beer , that is clear and medicated with Antiscorbuticks . Exercise and Labour are so beneficial in the Scurvy , that many have been cured by them alone . An Air moderately hot and dry , thin and pure , should be chosen . CHAP. LXXXV . Of the Stone in the Kidneys , and of the Nephritick Pain . THE Nephritick Pain is called that whick afflicts the Reins and Ureters : The cause of this Pain is various ; but the most frequent is a Stone or gross Flegm . The less frequent causes are Clods of Blood thrust into the Ureters , or thick Matter , conveyed from the Reins or other Parts into the Ureters . The diagnostick Signs of the Stone . The first Sign is a fixed Pain about the Region of the Loins ; the second is bloody Urine ; the third thin and little Water at the Beginning of the Fit , which is sometimes succeeded by a total Suppression of Urine , if both the Ureters be obstructed ; the fourth is , the frequent voiding of Sand and little Stones ; the fifth is , a Numbness of the Legs ; the Sixth is , the drawing up of the Stones ; the seventh is , Nauseousness and Vomiting . The Cure of the Nephritick Pain , and Stone sticking in the Reins and Ureters , is peformed by dilating the Passages , by the Explosion of the Stone , or any other Matter which causes Pain ; and also by removing the antecedent Cause , and mitigating the Pain , to the which Indications the following Remedies answer . Take of the carminative Decoction for a Glister ten ounces , of the Electuary of Laurel-berries , of the Electuary of Juice of Roses , each three drams ; of Venice-turpentine dissolved in the Yolk of an Egg six drams , Oyl of Saint Johns-wort ten drams ; mingle them , make a Glister , After the Glister hath done Working , a Vein may be opened in the Arm. It is diligently to be observed , that Purging Medicines are not to be given until the pain be somewhat abated , notwithstanding a Vomit may be proper at that time , Take of Salt of Vitriol two Scruples ; it may be taken in a draught of Posset-drink with Regiment . Those Medicines are to be taken at the Mouth that dilate the Passages and mitigate the Pain . Take of White-wine , compound-water of Horse-radish , each one ounce and an half , of the Juice of Lemmons one spoonful and an half , of Tartar vitriolated one scruple , Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce , Syrup of Marshmallows two ounces , Powder of Nutmeg one scruple ; make a draught , let it be taken warm . Take of the Decoction of the Syrup of Marshmallows two Pints , sweeten it with Syrup of Water-lillies and Marsh-mallows ; add to it six ounces of White-wine ; a large draught of it may be taken warm . When the Pain is very violent Narcoticks must be used . Take of the Waters of Pellitory of the Wall , Saxifrage , and Cowslips , each one ounce ; Syrup of Poppies six drams , London Laudanum one grain ; mix them , make a draught to be taken at bed-time . Take of Mathews's Pill half a Scruple , of Turpentine half a dram ; mix them , make four Pills to be taken at Bed-time . But because a great quantity of crude Humours ordinarily accompanies this Disease , some purging Medicine must be given . Take of whole Cassia half an ounce , boil it in a sufficient quantity of the Decoction of Senna Geronis , to three ounces of the strained Liquor , add of choice Manna one ounce ; mingle them , make a Draught to be taken with Regiment . Or , Take of choice Manna two ounces , dissolve it in four ounces of Milk-water , add to the strained Liquor two scruples of Cream of Tartar. Anoint well with a warm Hand the Region of the Kidneys and Ureters , with the Oyntment of Marshmallows , and Oyl of Scorpions of Mathiolus . The following Medicines are often used . Take of Turpentine of Chios two drams , of Balsam of Tolu half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of Troches of Alkakengi , make middling Pills , let four of them be taken at Bed-time . Take of the Powders of Crabs-eyes , and of Millepedes , each two Scruples ; of the Seeds of Daucus powdered , and of Sal-prunella , each one scruple ; make a Powder to be divided into four Parts , let one be taken at Bed-time . To prevent this Disease , Tunbridge-waters , and the like , and Whey , drank for the Space of a Month in the Spring are good . In the use of all Diureticks , this is perpetually to be observed , viz. They must not be frequently given . The immoderate Heat of the Reigns may be qualified by wearing continually upon them Plates of Lead with holes in them . CHAP. LXXXVII . Of the Stone in the Bladder . IT is very difficult to know this Disease , especially at the beginning , when the Stone is small ; but when it is great it is easily known . The first Sign is , a pain in the Neck of the Bladder , which is exasperated about the end of making Water , and stretches it self to the Glans ; it is very like a Heat of Urine , and can scarce be distinguished from it at first , till other Signs begin to appear . The second Sign is , an itching on the Yard , which forces the Sick to handle and scratch it often . The Third Sign is , a Weight in the Peritonaeum , and in all the Region of the Pubis , with a heavy Pain ; this is when the Stone is large . The fourth Sign , when the Stone is large , there is a great Difficulty in making Water ; the Sick endeavours to make Water often , but renders it by drops . The sixth Sign is , a Suppression of Urine in making Water , when it stops suddenly in the middle Course , the Stone being brought with the Urine to the Neck of the Bladder . The sixth Sign is , the voiding Urine most easily upon lying on the Back , because the Stone in that Position goes farthest from the Channel of the Bladder ; also when the Urine , being suppressed in making Water , flows freely ; when the Body is laid back and shook , the Stone falling then to the bottom of the Bladder . The seventh Sign is , frequent Erection of the Penis , which prooceeds from a retention of the Urine , and from an Inflammation of the Bladder occasioned by the rubbing of the Stone . The eighth Sign is , a Tenesmus , and a frequent Endeavour to go to Stool , which follows the Endeavours of making Water , by reason of the consent betwixt the Sphincter of the Anus , and the Bladder ; and the one being irritated , the other is so too , because they receive Branches from the same Nerve . The ninth Sign is , that the Sick cannot rest in one place , they move their Legs alternately ; and if the Stone be large , he can scarce stand upright , or ride or walk in stony places . The tenth Sign is , that the Sick are eased by no Remedies , but most commonly grow worse thereby , because all Medicines that come to the Urinary Passages increase the Disease , either by bringing new matter to the Bladder , or they rub off the Flegm which encompasseth the Stone , and then it grates harder upon the Bladder . The eleventh Sign is , that when the Sick has been subject to Nephritick Pains , and used to void Gravel at the end of the Fit. If after such Pain he has not voided a Stone as he was wont , it is a Sign that the Stone remains in the Bladder , and increases by degrees , and occasions the foresaid Symptoms . The Cure is much the same with that described in the foregoing Chapter ; when the Stone is small , Water distil'd from Onyons being used for forty days , has evacuated a Stone of the bigness of a Bean : But daily Experience shews , that a Stone cannot be dissolved in the Bladder by any Medicines ; wherefore we are generally forced to leave such Patients to the Lithotomist ; and having been intimately acquainted with one of the chiefest Lithotomists in the City of London , and made some Observations upon his Practice ; I find that Children bear cutting well , and generally recover ; but that Men past forty Years of Age , most commonly die . If the Sick will not undergo Cutting , or if it be not safe , by reason of his Age , gentle Medicines must be used , such as are prescribed for Heat of Urine , least the Stone should ulcerate the Neck of the Bladder by its Roughness , upon which it is often rolled ; and if it happen to be thrust upon the Neck of the Bladder , and so stop the Urine , the Patient must lie upon his Back , and you must endeavour to remove it by shaking the Body and lifting up the Legs ; afterwards you must use an emollient Fomentation or Bath , and you must force back the Stone with a Catheter . CHAP. LXXXVIII . Of an Inflammation of the Reins and Bladder . BEcause an Inflammation of the Reins and Bladder is cured by the same Remedies ; therefore we include them both in one Chapter , The Signs of an Inflammation of the Reins are , a heavy Pain in the Region of the Reins , and there is sometimes a pulsation : If the place wherein the Arteries are be affected , and the Pain is extended to the neighbouring Parts , so that the Sick cannot raise himself upright nor stand , and but difficultly turn himself to the opposite side , neither can he lie upon that side nor upon his Belly , and therefore he is forced perpetually to lie upon his Back ; if his Knees , or if his Body be any way moved , the Pain is much exasperated ; there is a Numbness of the same side , by reason of a Nerve which goes from thence to the Leg ; his Urine is hot , and in the beginning thin and yellow ; afterwards red and thick . The Sick has a continual and acute Feaver , and it is often accompanied with watchings , a Delirium , Nauseousness and Vomiting . But in an Inflammation of the Bladder , the Pain is seated upon the Region of the Pubis , and Perinaeum , in which Parts there is a Heat , and sometimes an apparent Redness , the Urine is always hot , and voided difficultly , the Passage being stopt by the Tumour ; and the right Gut is affected by reason of its Nearness ; upon which account there is frequent endeavours to go to stool , and sometimes the Belly is bound : There are also other Symptoms that are common with the Inflammation of the Reins , as a Feaver , watching , and the like . The Cure of an Inflammation in the Reins and Bladder , is performed by Medicines that cause Revulsion and Derivation , and by such as cool and moderately repel , by Anodyn , resolving and suppurating Medicines . And First , Bleeding is very necessary twice , thrice , or oftener , acccording to the Strength , until the Fluxion is stopped and the Pain abated . A large quantity of Blood being taken away from the upper Veins , the lower are to be opened also in the Foot to make Derivation . The Hemorrhoidal Veins are also to be opened , especially if they are swelled ; and Cupping-glasses with Scarification are to be applied to the upper and lower parts to make Revulsion . Frictions and painful Ligatures of the extream parts are also to be used ; Emollient cooling , and moderately loosning Glisters must be injected in a small quantity . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce , of the Leaves of Mallows , Violets , and Lettice , each one handful ; of sweet Prunes four pair , of Barley cleansed , and of the Flowers of Violets , each one Pugil ; make a Decoction to eight or ten ounces ; in the strained Liquor dissolve one ounce of Cassia , of Oyl of Violets four ounces , of Yolks of Eggs number two , make a Glister . The Heat of the Blood must be mitigated by Juleps and Emulsions . Take of the Waters of Endive , Lettice and Purslain , each four ounces ; of Syrup of Pomegranates two ounces , of Syrup of Water-lillies one ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep , for three Doses to be taken Morning or Evening . Or , Take of the Roots of Sorrel two ounces , of the Leaves of Mallows , Plantane , Purslain , and Endive , each one handful ; of the Tops of white Poppies half an handful , of the Seeds of Annise and Lettice , each one dram ; of the Flowers of Borrage , Violets , and Water-lillies , each one pugil ; boil them to a Pint and an half ; then add of the Syrup of Pomegranates four ounces . Or , Take of sweet Almonds blanced one ounce , of fresh Pine-nuts half an ounce , of the Seeds of Lettice , Sorrel , Purslain , and white Poppies , each three drams ; beat them in a marble Mortar , and pour upon them of the Waters of Barley , or Lettice , or Purslain one Pint and an half ; in the strained Liquor dissolve one ounce of Sugar of Roses ; make an Emulsion for three Doses . Syrup of Poppies may be conveniently added to this Emulsion , to restrain the Fluxion more powerfully . Cooling Glisters must be also injected . In the Beginning of these Inflammations , Purging is not convenient , but at the Declination gentle Purges may be used , as of Manna , Cassia , Rubarb , Tamarinds and the like . But cooling and moderately repelling Medicines must be used outwardly at the beginning , as liquid Epithems made of the Waters or Juices of Plantane , Sorrel , Endive , Night-shade , and of Roses , with a little Vinegar , red Sanders , and Camphor ; also Liniments of Oyl of Roses Omphacine , and of Violets , the white Oyntment , or Populeon alone , or mixed , a little Vinegar being added to them , may be applied almost cold to the Parts every hour . If the Pain be very violent , it will not be improper to add to the Epithem or Liniment , a little Opium or Saffron . A Cataplasm may be also made of Barley-meal , with the Juice of Endive , Purslain , and Night-shade , Oyl of Roses being added to it and Populeum Oyntment ; but it must be frequently changed before it grows hot . But here three things are to be observed : First , We must not continue too long the use of cooling Medicines ; least the Expulsion of the conjunct matter by Sweat should be hindred , and the Tumours should grow Scirrhous . Secondly , in an Inflammation of the Bladder , things that are but a little cooling and astringent must be used , least a Suppression of Urine should happen , which is a Symptom that is very frequent of it self in this Disease . Thirdly , Cataplasms are not so proper in an Inflammation of the Bladder , as Liniments and Oyntments , because they oppress the part with their Weight . Wherefore when cooling Medicines have been used a very little while , and after Bleeding repeated , the Fluxion being pretty well stopt , we must use Emollients , and gentle Resolvents , as Fomentations made of a Decocton of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , of the Leaves of Mallows , Violets , Pellitory , of the Seeds of Flax , Fenugreek , Mallows , and of Cotton , of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , Rosemary , and Roses ; and Liniments are to be applied of Oyl of Lillies , Roses , and with a little Oyl of Camomile , The following Pultis is very softning , and Anodyne . Take of the Crums of white Bread one pound ; boil them in Goats-milk to the Consistence of a Pultiss ; then add the Yolks of three Eggs , of Oyl of Roses four ounces , of Saffron half a dram ; make a Cataplasm ; it must be often changed ; a little Opium and Camphor may be added to it if the Pain be very violent . If there be danger of a Gangrene , a corroborating Cataplasm must be made of the Meal of Beans , Orobus , and of Lupins boiled in Wine . But when the Inflammation is in a manner taken off , then resolving Decoction and Liniments must be used . In the whole course of the Disease , respect must be always had to the Feaver , Pain , Watchings , Suppressions of Urine , and the like . And to ease the Pain of the Bladder , Anodyne Suppositories , or Yolks of Eggs , with a little Opium , and with the Juice of Henbane , or the like , must be tied up in a rag , and put up the Fundament . If the Inflammation of the Reins cannot be discussed , but tends to Suppuration , which may be known by the Increase of the Feaver , of the Pain , and of other Symptoms ; also by shaking and Vomiting , and by a greater Weight about the Part , especially when the Sick bends towards the well Side ; the Motion of Nature must be furthered by applying Cataplasms made of emollient Roots , and Herbs , of the Seeds of Flax , and of the Flowers of Camomil , to which being boiled , bruised , and pulped , Meals , Butter , Grease , and proper Oyls must be added , whereby , unless the Abscess break and cleanse it self by Urine , the Matter breaks into the Cavity of the Belly ; upon which account sudden Death , or an hectick Feaver follows . Sometimes the Tumour swells outwards , and then it must be opened by a Potential Cautery , or with a Knife . It also happens sometimes , that the Tumours become Scirrhous , the Feaver ceasing , but the Pain continuing with a greater Sense of Weight , and a Numbness of the neighbouring Parts , which are most commonly incurable , for the Sick falls into a Cachexy and Dropsie ; yet the Cure may be attempted by emollient , inciding , and digestive Medicines . CHAP. LXXXIX . Of Bloody Vrine . BLood may be conveyed from many Parts to the Urinal Passages , and be mixed with the Urine , and so render it bloody ; but that rarely happens , and we only discourse here of Diseases of the Reins and Bladder , and of that bloody Urine which proceeds from the fault of those Parts : The Blood flows from the Reins and Bladder , as from all other Parts , either by opening of the Vessells , by a Rupture , or a Solution of the Continuum , but very rarely , by reason of the Thinness of the Veins which carry Blood to these Places . The most frequent causes , are Fullness and Acrimony of the Blood , and a Stone in the Kidneys , a Fall or Blow , the lifting or carrying of a great Weight , violent Motion of the Body , or the like . When Blood flows from the Bladder it is little in quantity . The Cure of this Disease must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes : And first , If it proceed from a great quantity or Acrimony of the Blood , Bleeding must be used frequently , but little must be taken away at a time ; and in this case Cupping glasses , Frictions , and Ligatures must be used to the upper Parts , and Derivation must be made by bleeding in the Foot , or by opening the Hemorrhoidal Veins . When serous and Cholerick Humours promote this Evacuation , they must be purged off by Catharticks used by Intervals . Take of Rubarb a little torrified and powdered one dram , of Coral prepared half a Scruple , of the Whey of Goats-milk , or of Plantane-water , three ounces ; make a Potion . Take of Cassia fresh drawn half an ounce , of the Pulp of Tamarinds six drams , of Bole-armonick half a Scruple ; with Sugar make a Bolus . After due Revulsions and Evacuations , or whilst they are used , if there be occasion , such things as restrain the Blood , and heal the Veins must be given ; but they must not be presently used , least the Blood should be stopt too soon , and being thickned , it should coagulate somewhere ; for this Purpose the Juice of Plantane fresh drawn is much commended , four or five ounces of it being taken Morning and Evening , which is also very proper in all Hemorrhagies , but if it be too cold for the Stomach , it may be boiled a little with Sugar . Sheeps-milk is also much commended , four ounces of it being taken with a dram of Bole-armenick , but after takeing it , the Sick must not sleep nor exercise himself . Decoctions also of Knot-grass , Horse-tail , Purslain , and of the Tops of Brambles , sweetned with Syrup of Quinces ; or to qualifie the Heat of the Blood , the following Apozem may be used . Take of the Leaves of Lettice , Purslain , Plantane , and Comfrey , each one handful ; of the four greater and lesser cold Seeds , each one dram ; of Jujubes three pair , of Liquorish half an ounce , of the Flowers of Water-lillies , of Violets , and of Roses , each one Pugil ; make a Decoction to a Pint and an half ; in the strained Liquor dissolve of Gum-tragacanth a dram and an half ; of Syrup of Violets , and of dried Roses , each one ounce and an half ; of Sal-prunella half an ounce , of the Troches of Alkakengi without Opium half a dram ; make an Apozem for four Doses . To thicken and restrain the Blood more powerfully , we may add to it an ounce of Syrup of Poppies . If the Disease be lasting , an Electuary may be made in the following manner . Take of the Conserves of Roses , and of the Roots of Comfrey each two ounces ; of sealed Earth , and Bole-Armenick , of Dragons-blood , red Coral , Blood-stone , and Troches of Ambar , each one dram ; of Hypocistis , grains of Kermes , and of the Seeds of Plantane , each one scruple ; with equal Parts of Syrup of Mirtles , and of Poppies , make an Electuary , whereof let him take the quantity of a Walnut Morning and Evening , drinking upon it a little Plantane-water . Dr. Gordon's Troches are also reckoned excellent in this Case . But because Clots of Blood are wont to be retained in the Bladder , and to occasion violent Symptoms , for the Dissolution of them , it will be convenient to drink warm now and then Mallow-water , mixed with a little Vinegar , but the quantity of the Vinegar must be so small , that it can scarce be tasted . Outwardly Topicks must be applied to the Region of the Loins , such as are proper to cool and bind the Reins . Take of the Roots of Bristort , and of Comfrey , each one ounce ; of the Leaves of Plantane , Purslain , Shepherds-purse , Knot-grass , each one handful ; of the Flowers of Pomegranates half an ounce , of the grains of Sumach , and Mirtles , and of Hypocistis , each two drams ; of the Cups of Acorns , and of yellow and red Sanders , each one dram ; of red Roses three Pugils ; boil them in Smith's-water with a little Vinegar , strain the Liquor , and foment the Reins with it warm . A Bath may be made of the same Decoction the quantity of it being increased . Take of the Juice of Plantane , and of Blood-wort , each two ounces ; of Vinegar half an ounce , of Omphacine Oyl one ounce , boil them to the Consumption of the Juices , then add of Dragons-blood , Mastich , and of Pomegranate-peel , each two drams ; of Champhor half a dram , of the Countesses Oynoment four ounces , of Wax a sufficient quantity ; make a Liniment . Anoint the Loins with it frequently ; at the time you use it , mix a little Vinegar with it . Leaden Plates with many holes in them , worn upon the Reins , are very proper . When the Voiding of Blood proceeds from the Stone , the following Method has been found very successful by Dr. Sydenham , who was much troubled with the Gout , the Stone in the Kidneys , and a bloody Urine ; and I have also found it very successful , I drank , says he , two ounces and a half of Manna dissolved in a quart of Whey , swallowing now and then a little of the Juice of Lemmons , while I was purging , to quicken this Cathartick , which used to work slowly , and to render it more pleasant to the Stomach . It can scarce be said how much Ease I received about the Region of the Reins by the use of this Remedy ; for though they did not always ach before , yet they were affected with a heavy and troublesom Pain ; and because it succeeded so well with me , I took the same of a set day once a Week for some Months , and after every Purge I plainly found my self better , and could bear the shaking of a Coach when it went fast , and was indeed wholly freed from this Symptom . But it returning again , some time after , I took it twice a Week for three Weeks , and afterwards only once a Week : I continued this Method some Months on set Days , and the Bleeding quite stopped : The Diet that I observed is as follows , In the Morning when I rise I drink a Dish of Tea , at Dinner I moderately refresh my self with any sort of Meat of easie Digestion that I like ; a draught of small Beer is to me instead of a Supper ; and when I am in Bed I take another draught , that by this Julep I may cool and dilute the hot and acrid Juices lodged in the Kidneys , whereof the Stone is generated ; and I prefer at this time , and at Dinner time , small Beer that has Hopps in it , before that which has none , for though that which is not hopped is smoother and softer , and so fitter to carry off the Stone from the Kidneys , yet that which is hopped , by reason of the stiptick Quality which the Hopps impart to it , is not so apt to generate sandy and stony Matter , as that which is not hopped , the Substance whereof is more viscous and slimy . I take care to go to Bed early , especially in Winter ; and to prevent a bloody Urine , I take care , that as often as I have occasion to ride a long Way upon the Stones , to drink a large draught of small Beer before I go ; and also before my Return , if I be abroad a pretty while , whereby I secure my self pretty well from bloody Urine . CHAP. XC . Of an Vlcer of the Reins and Bladder . AN Ulcer is occasioned in the Reins and Bladder by three Causes , first , from an Abscess broken , secondly from the Acrimony of the Humours , and thirdly , from a rough Stone , and this is the most frequent and ordinary cause . Among the Diagnostick Signs , the first and chief is the voiding of Matter with Urine , which continuing a while , certainly shews an Ulcer in the urinary Passages ; but whither the Reins or the Bladder are affected with the Ulcer , may be known by the Situation of the Pain , as whether it be in the Region of the Loins , or in the Pubis , or Perinaeum . Moreover , Matter proceeding from the Reins is better concocted , is white , light , and not at all stinking , because the Parenchyma of the Reins being fleshy concocts better , and the Matter is also in a greater quantity , and more mixt with the Urine , which looks like Milk , along while after voiding it the Matter is seperated from it , and falls to the Bottom of the Chamber-pot . But Purulent Matter flowing from the Bladder , is little and not much mixed with the Urine , nor so concocted , but crude , variegated and stinks much , for the Part having little Heat , cannot sufficiently concoct the Matter , but from the Neck of the Bladder , or from the urinal Passage , pure Matter without Urine is often voided . Moreover , In an Ulcer of the Bladder or of its Neck , there is a continual Heat of Urine , and a continual Pain in the part , which is not so in an Ulcer of the Reins ; for in that Ulcer the Heat of Urine and Pain cease sometimes . When the Ulcer is deep , Blood sometimes flows out plentifully , which is difficultly stopt , and often small pieces of the Parts are voided with the Blood and Matter , viz. most commonly small Caruncles from the Reins , sometimes they are larger , and passing difficultly through the Ureters , they occasion a Nephritick Pain , but from the Bladder small Scales , or small Membranous Skins flow like Bran. And lastly , In a long and callous Ulcer of the Bladder , a mucous Flegm is produced . As to the Prognostick , these Ulcers are very difficultly cured , because there is a perpetual Flux of Humours to the Part ; for though the Serum of its own Nature is cleansing , yet when it is infected with other qualities it is not so , and when acrid and salt Humours are mixed with it , ●hey occasion Ulcers , or further them . Fresh Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder may be cured , but when they are inveterate they are incurable . In old Men they can never be cured , in young Men they may sometimes , but with great Difficulty . Ulcers that are occasioned by the Stone cannot be cured till the Stone is extracted . The Pain and other Symptoms which accompany these Ulcers , occasion Watchings , and waste the Body , and at length the Sick is brought into a Cachexy and Consumption . The Cure of the Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder , as of all other Ulcers , is performed by cleansing , drying , and consolidating Medicines . To which end the following things may be used . And First , if there be a Plethora , or an Inflammation of the Part , Bleeding must be ordered , first in the Arm , and afterwards in the Foot. Afterwards Purging must be prescribed frequently , that the vitious Humours abounding in the whole Body , and flowing to the Part affected may be evacuated ; but only gentle and lenitive Medicines must be ordered , as Cassia , Manna , Syrup of Roses , Rubarb , and Agarick reduced to a Bolus , or some other solid Form , because in a liquid Form they easily run to the Urinary Passage , and so increase the Acrimony . The following Electuary may be prescribed . Take of Polypody of the Oak , and of Liquorish rasped , each half an ounce ; of the four greater Cold Seeds each one dram , of the Flowers of Violets , and Borrage , each half a pugil ; of Jujubes six pair , of Damask Prunes three pair , of Raisins half an ounce , of Senna cleansed two ounces and an half ; infuse them a Night in Barley-water , boil them in the Morning and strain them ; afterwards dissolve an ounce and an half of Manna in a sufficient quantity of the Decoction , strain it again , add to it three ounces of Cassia fresh drawn ; boil them to the Consistence of an Electuary , adding at last half an ounce of Rubarb powdered . The Dose is one ounce once a Week two Hours before eating . Or , Take of Cassia two ounces , of Manna one ounce and an half , of the Pulp of Sebestines , and Tamarinds , each one ounce ; of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Psyllium six drams , of the four greater cold Seeds each one dram , of Juice of Liquorish two drams , with Syrup of Roses solutive make an Electuary . If you add Mercurius Dulcis to the Electuaries above mentioned it will succeed the better ; for it is of great Vertue to cleanse and heal all inward and outward Vlcers . Among Purgers Turpentine is reckoned , and is much commended in this case , because it loosens the Belly , and cleanses the Ulcer ; half an ounce of it washed in Plantane water must be given in Powder of Liquorish ; but it is chiefly to be used when the Urine is very mucous and thick . Vomiting is much commended by many , whereof some provoke it before Meals with warm water and Oyl , with which only Remedy often repeated , they say this Disease has been cured . But it is to be noted , that Vomiting must be only used in those that vomit easily , for violent Vomiting irritates the Ulcer . After due Evacuations and Revulsions we must come to the use of such things as cleanse , the chief of which are Whey drank in a great quantity in the Morning , and small Mead , whereof also six or eight ounces may be taken in a Morning , and it may be used for the ordinary Drink . A Decoction of Barley with Liquorish and Sugar may be used in the same manner . If Mead be thought too hot , the greater cold Seeds , or the Roots of Liquorish , and the Tops of Mallows may be boiled in it . Asses-milk also does not only cleanse but it also consolidates ; but it must not be given when there is a Feaver ; or the following Decoction may be used . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows half an ounce , of the Leaves of Plantane Agrimony , Maiden-hair , and the Tops of Mallows , each one handful ; of the Seeds of Mallows , and of Mellons , with the Barks bruised , each half an ounce ; of the grains of Alkakengi six drams , of Liquorish rasped one ounce , of whole Barley one pugil ; boil them to a quart , in the strained Liquor dissolve of Honey of Roses three ounces , of Sugar-candy two ounces ; make a Julep , whereof take eight ounces in a Morning , for ten Days . Those things which are given for Diseases of the Reins and Bladder , must be prescribed in a large quantity , for otherwise their Vertues will not reach the Parts affected . But instead of all , Barnet or Epsom-water , or Tunbridge-waters may be used ; for by the long use of them , the hot Intemperies will be corrected , and the Ulcers cleansed and cured . Some commend to dry up the Ichor , and to cleanse and heal internal Ulcers , especially in Patients of a Flegmatick Constitution , and for such as have been at any Time infected with the French Pox , and when there is no Feaver nor Flux of Blood , a sudorifick Decoction made of China , Sarsa-parilla , Sassafras , or of Guajacum , to be taken for thirty Days or more , and that the second Decoction should be used for ordinary Drink , with a thin and drying Diet. In the mean time , least the Bowels should be too much inflamed by the use of this Decoction , they may be qualified by cooling Broths given about the Evening , and by anointing the Reins with cooling Oyntments ▪ But the following Decoction is safer and more successful in every case . Take of the Roots of Sarsaparilla three ounces , of Lignum Lentiscinum two ounces , of Sassafras one ounce , of the Raspings of Ivory and Harts-horn , each six ounces ; of Jujubes , and Sebestines , each half an ounce ; of Nephritick Wood four ounces , of Barley cleansed two ounces ; infuse them twelve Hours in five pints of Fountain-water , boil it to three , for six Doses to be taken twice a Day . Aromatise them with two drams of Cinnamon . When the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed , which may be known , for that the Matter is voided with the Urine in a lesser quantity , and is white , and does not stink at all , Astringent things and such as heal must be given , Take of Bole-Armenick , of sealed Earth , and of red Coral , each three drams ; of Gum-Arabick , and Tragacanth , each half an ounce ; make Troches with Agrimony-Water , weighing each two drams ; one of them must be taken Morning and Evening with a Decoction of Comfry . But Dr. Gordon's Troches are better than all the rest , to cleanse and heal Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder ; and at the same time ease the Pain , and take off the Heat of Urine ; two drams of them may be taken at a time in Mead , or a Decoction of Barley , when you design most to cleanse ; and in Goats or rather Sheeps Milk , when you chiefly design to heal . Consolidating Juleps may be made in the following manner . Take of the Roots of Comfry two ounces ; of the Leaves of Plantane , and Mouse-ear , each one handful ; of the Tops of Mallows , and Maiden-hair , each half a handful ; of Liquorish rasped half an ounce , of White-starch , Gum-arabick , Tragacanth , and Bole-armenick , each one dram ; of the Seeds of Lettice , Purslain , each one dram ; of the seeds of red Roses one pugil ; make a Decoction in Rain-water to one Pint and an half ; in the strained Liquor dissolve four ounces of Sugar , and two ounces of Penids ; make a Julep , whereof let him take eight ounces in a Morning for ten or twelve Days . The following Pills are also very good . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , and of Comfry dried , of Gum-arabick , and of the Gum of the Cherry-tree , and Prune , each one dram ; of Olybanum and Mirrh , each four scruples ; of the Seeds of white Poppies , and of Alkakengi , each one dram and an half ; of Camphor two scruples ; powder them finely , or with a third part of the Weight of all of Ceruss , of Antimony , and with a suffici-quantity of Venice Turpentine , make a Mass for Pills , whereof let him take a dram Morning and Evening . If the Turpentine should cause Pain , the Juice of Liquorish may be used instead of it ; but new Cows-milk is the best of all , a quarter of a pint of it being taken with half a dram of Bole-armenick every Morning . In inveterate Ulcers a Decoction of round Birth-wort in White-wine sweetned with Sugar is very beneficial . The following Oyntment may be used outwardly to consolidate the Ulcer . Take of the Juice of Plantane , and Night-shade , each four ounces ; of Oyl of Roses Omphacine three ounces , of Vinegar one ounce , of Letharge finely powdered one ounce and an half , of Ceruss washed half an ounce , of Tutty finely powdered two drams ; of Dragons-blood one dram ; reduce them all to the Form of an Oyntment . Injections are peculiarly proper for an Ulcer of the Bladder , they must be used twice a Day : First , Such as cleanse made of Hydromel , of Whey , or a Decoction of Barley , with a littie Honey of Roses ; but afterwards astringent and consolidating Injections must be used , wherein the Roots of Comfry , Mirrh , Allum , Sarcocoll , and Tragacanth have been boiled ; Dr. Gordon's Troches dissolved in Milk are of excellent use . Fabritius Hildanus cured a great Ulcer of the Bladder with the following Injection , and with some other Remedies . See his 69 Observation , Cent. 3. Take of the Roots of Comfry one ounce , of whole Barley one handful , of the Leaves of Agrimony , Speedwell , Scordium , Ladies-mantle , Sanicle , each half a handful ; boil them to a Pint ; in the strained Liquor dissolve of Honey of Roses two drams ; mingle them , make an Injection . It is to be noted , that these Injections are not to be squirted in with a Syringe , because they do not penetrate into the Cavity of the Bladder , the Sphincter Muscle hindering ; but a Catheter being put into the Bladder , you must syringe through it , and so the Injection will reach the Part affected . But because these Ulcers are commonly painful , all the course of the Cure you must endeavour to mitigate the Pain with Anodynes taken inwardly , and used outwardly , Syrup of Poppies , London Laudanum , and the Troches of Alkakengi , which are peculiarly proper in this case , must be used inwardly : Also Emulsions of the cold Seeds , of the Seeds of white Poppies , adding if there be occasion , Syrup of Poppies . And lastly , The Conserve of the Flowers of Marsh-mallows must be frequently given . And the following Fomentation may be used to the Region of the Reins , Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , of the Leaves of Mallows , Pellitory , and Violets , each one handful ; of the seeds of Flax , Fenugreek , and Alkakengi , each three drams ; of the Flowers of Camomil , Melilot , and Water-lillies , each one Pugil ; make a Decoction , wherewith foment the Part with Flannels . After the Fomentation use the following Liniment . Take of Oyl of Violets , and of sweet Almonds , each one ounce and an half ; of Oyl of Roses one ounce , of the Mucilages of the Seeds of Marshmallows and Fenugreek , each two ounces ; of Suffron one scruple ; make a Liniment . But to ease the Pain , new Milk from the Cow , with Dr. Gordon's Troches dissolved in it injected , is the best Anodyne , for it eases the pain and cures the Ulcer . CHAP. XCI . Of a Diabetes . THis Disease was so rare amongst the Ancients , that many famous Physicians made no mention of it ; but in our Age , wherein excessive Drinking has been , especially of Wine , so much used , there are many Instances of it . As to the Cure , The chief intentions of Healing , are to prevent fusion of the Blood , and to take off that which is so . First , The Fusion of the Blood is hindred , when its gross and watry Parts contain one another , and are contained , so that they do not too hastily separate , which may be effected by thickning Remedies ; and for this Purpose Rice , Starch , and Mucilaginous Vegetables , also Gums , and some resinous things are of use . Secondly , That the Fusion of the Blood may be taken off , such Remedies are indicated as dissolve the Concretions of the Salts . I have prescribed in this Disease , the Tincture of Antimony with good success , and Lime-water , with the Seeds of Annise , Raisins , and Liquorish , is much commended by some . A Noble-man fell into a desperate Diabetes , for besides that , he voided a Gallon and an half of clear Urine , that was almost as sweet as Honey , in the space of a Night and a Day ; he was also afflicted with great Thirst , a Hectick Feaver , great Weakness , and with a wasting of the whole Body ; he was cured in a short time by the following Medicines . Take of the Tops of Cypress eight handfuls , of the Whites of Eggs a quart , of Cinnamon half an ounce ; having cut them small , pour upon them four Quarts of new Milk , and distill them in a cold Still . Have a care of an Empyrema . He took six ounces of it thrice a day . Take of Gum-Arabick , and Tragacanth , each six drams ; of Penediate Sugar one ounce , make a Powder ; give one dram , or one dram and an half , twice a day , with three or four ounces of the distilled Water . Take of Rubarb powdered fifteen grains , of Cinnamon six grains , make a Powder ; let him take it in the Morning and repeat it six or seven days after . Take of Cowslip-water three ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated two drams , with half an ounce of Diacodium ; make a draught to be taken at Bed-time every Night . His Diet was altogether in a manner of Milk , which he eat sometimes crude , sometimes boiled , with Bread or Barley ; sometimes it was diluted with a distilled water , or with Barley-water . When he had been well a long time , he fell into the same Disease again , and the same Method and Medicines were ordered again , whereby he grew better in a few Days ; afterwards he took five or six ounces of Lime-water daily thrice in a Day ; and having used it four days , he voided Urine in a moderate quantity well coloured and somewhat salt . I cured another of a deplorable Diabetes by the same Method , especially with Lime-water . CHAP. XCII . Of Incontinence of Vrine . INcontinence of Urine proceeds from a fault of the retentive Faculty of the Bladder ; it befalls either People waking , and then the cause is great , or sleeping , and then it is less , for at that time the Animal Functions are not so freely exercised ; and this happens two Ways , viz. Either by the Weakness , or Laxity of the Sphincter Muscle of the Bladder ; which sucking Children are subject to , old People , and some in their middle Age , and others by false Imagination ; for many there are , who by reason of excessive Drinking , or by reason of the exquisite sense of the Bladder , or sharp Urine , piss in Bed , in some sort willingly ; for they imagine in their Sleep , that they are making Water against the Wall or some other Place ; and they are so accustomed to this Vice , that they do it where there is no Fault either in Bladder or Muscle of it , and they are not cured by Medicines , but by rectifying their Imagination , as in Children by the Rod , and in grown People by placing some precious things upon the Places where they think they make water in their Dreams ; and by shewing such things to them often . But a preternatural Disorder occasioning an Incontinence of Urine , is seated in the Sphincter Muscle , which is either affected Sympathically , or Idiopathically , it is affected by Sympathy many Ways , as when the whole Body is weak , and the Natural Heat decayed , as when Death approaches , or when the whole Body , or half of it , is seised with the Palsie , or those Branches of the Nerves only , which arising from the Os sacrum , are communicated to the Bladder . This Resolution of the Muscles , is occasioned sometimes by reason of the Nearness to other Parts affected ; as in Women with Child , in swellings and Pains of the Womb , and great Diseases of the right Gut. But the Sphincter Muscle is also affected various ways , Idiopathically , as by Wounds upon it , as it happens in cutting for the Stone , or by reason of deep Wounds that hinder the Contraction and Shutting of it ; but the chief and most frequent cause , is a cold and moist Intemperies , whereby that part is weakned and relaxed . This Intemperies is much furthered by a natural cold and moist Constitution , by Childhood , Age ; the Feminine Sex , by Diseases of the whole Body , or of some Parts arising from a cold and moist Intemperies , to which may be added , external causes proper to produce such an Intemperies . The Diagnostick Signs of this Disease , either shew a Sympathick Disease , which are to be taken from the Effects proper to produce an Incontinence of Urine mentioned above ; and if they are present , we must suppose the Disease proceeds thence ; but if they are absent we must count it Idiopathick ; and if it be occasioned by a Wound , Ulcer , or any other Disorder of the Sphincter , it is easily known , but if none of these appear , we must consider whither there be a cold and moist Intemperies of the part , which may be known by the Constitution of the Internal and external Causes , and by the Effects of them ; as softness of the whole Body , a pale Colour , a Laxity of the Genus Nervosum , and of the genital parts by Childhood , Age , and a Flegmatick Cachexy , and the like . As to the Prognostick . This Disease is incurable in old Age , in a Feaver it is dangerous ; but it may be cured in Children by increase of Years , for in time the superfluous Moisture may be consumed , and the lax parts rendered firm and strong . The Cure of Involuntary Urine must be directed to the correcting of the cold and moist Intemperies , and to the Laxity of the Sphincter Muscle , for that which is occasioned by Sympathy from other Parts primarily affected , must be referred to the Cure of those Diseases ; and that which proceeds from a Wound , Ulcer , and other manifest Diseases , depends on the Cure of them ; wherefore the following Method of Cure must be observed , both for Children and grown People ; but in Children the most gentle Medicines must be used , and they must be dosed accoding to their Age. First , Bleeding is not of use in this case , unless there be a Plethora of the whole Body in Youth , but Purges are always necessary in this case ; they must be made of Phlegmagogue Medicines , and astringent things may be mixed with them , especially such as purge too , as Rubarb , Mirobalanes , and the like . Afterwards Electuaries , medicated Wines , and the like , must be used to dry up the phlegmatick Matter , and to constringe the relaxed part . Take of the Nuts of Cypress , and of Mirtles torrified , of the Raspings of Ivory , Coriander seeds prepared , red Coral , Ambar , each two drams ; of Spodium one dram , of the Roots of Cyperus , and Galingal , each half a dram ; with candied Citrons ; make an Electuary , whereof let him take the quantity of a Chesnut Morning and Evening , drinking upon it a little red Wine . Take of the Roots of Comfry half an ounce , of the Roots of Cyperus , and Galingal , each one dram ; of the Leaves of Plantane , Horse-tail , five leaved Grass with the Roots each one handful ; of Cypress Nuts ▪ and of the Cups of Acorns , each four Scruples ; of the seeds of Rue , and of the chast Tree , of Frankincense , and of the Raspings of Ivory , each half a scruple ; of red Roses one Pugil , of red Wine two quarts ; infuse them twenty four Hours , then strain them , and add to it half an ounce of Cinnamon , and with a sufficient quantity of Sugar make a Claret , whereof let him take three or four ounces twice a day . Many Specificks are proposed by Authors for the Cure of this Disease , as the Brains and Testicles of a Hare burnt , also a Cockle in its Shell burnt , and drank ; the Dung of a Hare , the Ashes of a Mouse burnt the Hoof of a Boar torrified , the Ashes of Date-stones , the Powder of Egg-shells , but above all the Powder of Agrimony , and the inward Coats of the Stomach of a Hen dried , which may be given a part , or together , in red Wine . Solinander , says , he saw excellent Success by the use of a Cocks Throat torrified , the Powder was taken before Supper in a little red Wine , it was repeated for some Days . In grown People Sudorifick Decoctions made of Guajacum and Sassafrass , and used for twenty Days , are proper to dry the Body . So are also Bath-waters , applied with Flannels . The Sick must drink red rough Wine by it self , or diluted with Chalybeat waters , and he must drink but little at Supper , he must make Water just as he is going into Bed , in the middle of the Night , and early in the Morning . And outwardly Topicks must be applied to the Pubis and Perinaeum , such as heat , strengthen and dry . Take of the Roots of Elecampane , sweet-smelling Flag , of Acorus and Cyperus , each half an ounce ; of the Leaves of Mint , Sage , Wild-marjoram , Calaminth , and Wormwood , each half an handful ; of the Nuts of Cypress , Mirtles , Galls and Balaustines , each one dram ; of red Roses one Pugil ; boil them in equal parts of Smiths Water and red Wine , to one quart ; in the strained Liquor dissolve of Salt and Allum , each one ounce ; foment the Region of the Pubis and Perineum , Morning and Evening hot . Of the same Decoction , the quantity of it being increased , a bath may be made to be used for many days . After the Fomentation or Bath , the Parts may be anointed with a Liniment made of Oyl of Foxes , rue , Orrise , Unguentum , Martiatum , Aregon , and with the Powder of Mastich , Cyperus , and Mirtles , or the following Plaister may be applied . Take of Labdanum , and Mastich , each two drams ; of the Wood of Alces , and of Storax calamite , of Cinnamon , and of Turpentine , each one dram ; of Mirtles , and of the Roots of Cyperus , each half a dram ; of the Juice of Mint and Hors●-tail extracted with red Wine , a sufficient quantity ; make a Plaister . CHAP. XCIII . Of a total Suppression of Urine , and of the Strangury . A Total Suppression of Urine is called by Authors Ischuria , but when the voiding of Urine is lessened they term it a Strangury . An Ischuria or total Suppression of Urine is twofold , viz. true when the Bladder is full , and false when the Bladder is empty , and nothing comes from the Reins to it . The true Ischury depends on three Causes , the first whereof is Sense abolished in the Bladder by reason of a Palsie or Obstruction of its Nerve , or because the Spirits are diverted another Way , as in a Delirium or the like . The second cause is a cold Intemperies of the Bladder . The third Cause is a narrowness of the Neck of the Bladder , and of this three Causes are assigned , for the Muscle incompassing the Neck of the Bladder is so swelled that the Passage is stopt , or a Caruncle grows in the Neck of the Bladder , or a Callus is generated there , the Passage is also obstructed by a Stone , by a thick Humour , a Clot of Blood , or by Matter . The Passage is also stopt by a Swelling of the neighbouring parts , as by a large Child in the Womb , by the Excrements hardened in the right Gut , and by the Piles much swelled . This Suppression also happens sometimes by too great a quantity of Water retained too long , that so much distend , the whole Body of the Bladder , that it cannot be contracted to expel it ; first , when any Person that is well retains his Urine for want of a Convenient Place to void it in , or when the Nerves of the Bladder are affected , so that the Bladder cannot be sensible of the Weight and Fulness . A false ischury is occasioned by reason either the Serum is not put off upon the Reins , or not conveighed through the Ureters , they being stopt by a Stone or the like . A true Ischury is known by a Weight and Tension of the Hypogaster , and by a Swelling resembling the Bladder . The causes of it are known by things that go before , and accompany it ; for if it proceed from a large quantity of Urine , which hinders a Contraction of the Bladder , it is perceived by the Relation of the Sick , he having omitted to make Water , by reason of long travelling , or by being in the presence of great Persons ; and if he never had it before in those parts ; but if he be delirious or paralitick , the Suppression of Urine may be imputed to either of these Diseases . The Compression that is made by Tumours , of those or of the neighbouring parts , or by other Causes above mentioned may be known by the proper Signs of those Diseases . The Obstructions of the Channel of the Bladder may be known by probing it with a Wax Candle , or a Catheter ; and if they do not penetrate , but stop in the Passage , it is a Sign that a Stone or a Caruncle , or some other Matter obstructs ; and these things that obstruct may be distinguished , viz. If a Stone stop the Channel , Nephritick Pains went before , if it fell from the Reins , and if it was bred in the Bladder , or lay a long while there , the Signs of the Stone in the Bladder preceded , at least some of the gentlest of them ; if a Caruncle stop the Passage , a virulent Gonorrhea preceded , or an Ulcer in the Passage of the Yard , that emitted purulent Matter for a long time . Lastly , If clotted Blood , or concreted Matter , or thick Pus , occasioned the Obstruction , small parts of them have been evacuated through the Yard , or have stuck to the Catheter , when it has been used . A false Ischury may be known , for that there is no Tension nor no Tumour nor Weight in the Region of the Pubis , but rather a Vacuity is perceived there ; there is no desire of making Water , nor no Irritation of the Bladder ; and when the Catheter is used it passes in easily ; but Signs of the Stone in the Kidneys went before , or of an Inflammation of the Ureters , or of great Fullness , or large Drinking went before , but little Urine followed ; upon which account the Veins were too much filled . Or Lastly , there is a burning Feaver or a Dropsie , whereby the Serous Matter is diverted . As to the Prognostick , A Suppression of Urine is very dangerous , if it exceed the Seventh Day it certainly kills , for the Serum regurgitates upon the whole Body , and the Patient is in danger of a Suffocation , or a Coma. Suppression of Urine , occasioned by a Wound in the Spine , or by reason of a Luxation of a Vertebra is incurable . If the Smell of Urine can be perceived from the Mouth , or Nostrils of the Sick , it is deadly . If a Tenesmus come upon a Suppression of Urine , the Sick dies in seven Days . The Hickops also indicate sudden Death . The Cure of a Suppression of Urine , whether it be total or partial , is to be directed to the taking off the Causes : And First , The false Ischury , that depends on the Diseases of the Reins or Ureters , must be cured in the same manner as an Inflammation , a nephritick Pain , or the Stone in the Kidneys : But that which proceeds from a Fulness of the Emulgent Veins must be cured by large Bleeding , and by Hydragogue Medicines . A true Ischury must be also cured by Remedies that take off the cause producing it . And First , If it proceed from an Inflammation of the Bladder , or neighbouring Parts , it must be cured as an Inflammation of the Bladder is ; but if the Suppression is caused by a Stone thrust into the Neck of the Bladder , it must be removed by the following Remedies . First , The Sick must be laid upon his Back , and his Legs must be elevated , and he must be shook much , and a long while , that the Stone may fall back into the Bladder ; and if by this means it cannot be moved , it must be forced back with a Catheter ; but if the Stone has passed into the Passage of the Yard , we must endeavour by all Ways to exclude it , by moving gently with the Fingers towards the end of the Yard , and also by dipping the Yard into warm Milk , or by placing the Sick in a Bath , to enlarge the Passage : But if it will neither go backwards nor forwards , Practitioners teach that it must be cut out , the upper and lower part being tied . But an Obstruction of the Neck of the Bladder , which proceeds from an Inflammation , must be cured by proper Remedies for an Inflammation . But in the mean time , if the Urine be retained too long , it may be gently let out by a Wax-candle dipt in Oyl of sweet Almonds : But you must forbear the Use of a Catheter , least Pain being occasioned , you should increase the Inflammation thereby . But the Suppression of Urine , which proceeds from a Caruncle , must be cured by the Extirpation of the Caruncle . This must be done by proper Remedies thrust in by a skillful Chirurgion upon a Wax-candle . But Necessity urging , for sometimes the Caruncle swells , and obstructs the whole Channel , we must use the Catheter to evacuate the Water , though there is danger that the Part will swell more . But you must first endeavour to lessen the Inflation of the Caruncle by Bleeding and Vomiting , and by repelling Medicines applied to the Pubes and Perinaeum . If the Suppression of Urine be occasioned by thick Flegm , Purging is first convenient , with Diaphaenicon and Rubarb made up in a Bolus , and afterwards Turpentine must be given frequently with Powder of Liquorish ; afterwards a Decoction of the opening Roots may be given , with Oxymel and Byzantine Syrup . In the mean while Glisters , Fomentations , and emollien and opening Baths must be used ; and all those things are proper that are proposed to dissolve or expell the Stone . And amongst the rest the following are found by Experience peculiarly proper . Take of Benedictum Laxativum half an ounce , of the Troches of Mirrh two scruples , of a Decoction of Savin three ounces ; mingle them , make a Potion , whereby a Suppression of Urine was cured in a short time in a certain Woman . If there seem to be abundance of Flegm in the whole Body , a universal Purge by an Apozem prepared for three or four Days must be ordered , which is proper at the beginning , Bleeding being first used . A Julep also of the Juice of Pellitory , of Sea-fennel , and of Lemmons , with Oyl of sweet Almonds , is also very beneficial . Dodoneus mentions an Observation of one of eighty Years of Age , that was perfectly cured of a Suppression of Urine , by only using once a Lee made of the Ashes of Egg-shells , mixed with Rhenish-wine . Arnoldus Villa Novanus commends Winter-cherry-wine , and he mentions a Cardinal , who had not made Urine for four Days , and was much swelled , was cured by drinking Winter-cherry-wine ; the Wine was made by beating five or seven or more winter-cherries with good White-wine ; afterwards it must be strained . Millepedes also beat and given in White-wine are very Effectual to provoke Urine ; Oyl of Scorpions of Mathiolus also forces Urine powerfully , five or six drops of it being given with Broth or some other Liquor . The frequent use of Sal-prunella does also the same , especially when there is danger of an Inflammation , which is often occasioned in the inner Coat by the Urine too long retained ; Spirit of Salt also does the same , but is more effectual ; the Juice of Pellitory clarified , and four ounces of it given with half an ounce of Sugar is very good ; Sal-prunella , or the Spirit of Salt may be mixed with it . If Suppression of Urine occasioned by a phlegmatick Matter often recur , nothing is better than the Bath-waters , which easily dissolve and cleanse away the Mucilaginous Matter . A certain Nobleman , that was afflicted with a Suppression of Urine for many Days , after other Medicines used to no Purpose , was freed by injecting the following Glyster , which he retained two Hours . Take of the Roots of Smallage and Parsly , Knee holm , Asparagous Mallows , each two drams ; of Pellitory two handfuls , of the Seeds of Annise , Fennel , Daucus , Bishop-weed , bastard Saffron , Rue , Cummi● , and Juniper-berries , each half an ounce ; of the Flowers of Camomil , Mellilot , Dill , and Stoechas , each two Pugils ; boil them in Whitewine till half is consumed ; in one Pint of the strained Liquor dissolve four ounces of fresh Butter , of Honey of Roses two ounces , of red Sugar one ounce , of Benedictum Laxativum half an ounce , of the Yolk of one Egg , of Oyls of Nuts , Dill , or Linseeds , one ounce ; make a Glister . In the whole Course of the Cure Fomentations , Liniments , Cataplasms , Baths , and the like , must be used ; among other things a Cataplasm of Pellitory fried with Butter , or rather with Oyl of Scorpions is good ; also a Bladder half full of Oyl wherein Cantharides have been boyled . A Cataplasm made of Onyons fried in Lard and with some Oyl , is commonly applied to the Region of the Pubis and Loins . When an Ischury proceeds from clotted Blood , Troches of Ambar , Mumny , simple Oxymel , Oxymel of Squills , Syrup of Sorrel , and the like , must be used ; and Cow-dung outwardly applied does Wonders . Lastly , when the Suppressions proceeds from Pus , things that cleanse and incide must be used , such chiefly as were proposed for an Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder . CHAP. XCIV . Of a Dysury , or Heat of Vrine . THe next and immediate Cause of rendring Urine with Pain , is a Solution of the Continuum in the Sphincter Muscle , or Channel of the Bladder , and therefore whatsoever causes Solution of the Continuum in those Parts , occasions also a Dysury or Heat of Urine . Among these Causes , the chief and most frequent is an Acrimony of the Urine , sometimes simple without the Mixture of other Humours , which a hot Intemperies of the Bowels , or of the whole Body , or the use of acrid and hot Meats , occasions it . But it is most commonly from a Mixture of acrid Humours , sometimes Matter flowing from the Reins or Bladder ulcerated , occasion such an Acrimony in the Urine , and sometimes a white and Milky Matter that is emitted plentifully with the Urine , occasions the Heat of it ; also a Stone in the Bladder , or Gravel produces the same . Lastly , An Inflammation , as in a Gonorrhea , as long as the Prostratae are Inflamed , the Heat of Urine continues . The Signs of the Causes may be thus distinguished , If it proceeds from an Acrimony , the Urine is thin and high coloured , or there will be a Mixture of Purulent Matter , and an Intemperies of the Bowels went before , or hot and acrid Aliments , the Heat of the Air or the like heating causes preceded . Lastly , Stones and Inflammations of these parts , may be known by their proper Signs . As to the Prognostick , This Disease is not of it self dangerous , but is very troublesome to the Patient , and is sometimes difficultly cured , especially in old Men , who , if they are decrepid , have it as long as they live ; and if it continue long in any Age , it ulcerates the Neck of the Bladder . The Cure is first to be directed to the taking off the Cause ; and therefore if it arise from the Stone , an Inflammation , or from an Ulcer of the Bladder , or the Neck of it , the Cure must be taken from the Chapters of these Diseases ; but those things which are mentioned below , may much abate the Symptom . But that which proceeds from an Acrimony of Urine , and from hot Humours mixed with it , must be cured with the following Remedies . And first , To qualifie the Intemperies of the Parts , frequent Bleeding is necessary , and it must be often repeated , if there be a great quantity of Blood , or danger of an Inflammation : Purges are also convenient in this Disease , but they must be lenitive and cooling , for otherwise they mightily exasperate the Heat of Urine , wherefore some do not dare to give any thing besides a simple Bolus of Cassia ; and this is certainly to be preferred before all other things . Yet it may be made more cooling if Tamarinds are added to it , or a Decoction of Lettice , Purslain , and the Tops of Mallows with Cassia , may be taken for many Days , that the acrid Humours flowing to the Urinary parts , may be by degrees turned upon the Bowels , but yet if a large quantity of ill Humours requires more Purging , we may use the following Potion . Take of the Leaves of Lettice , Purslain , Plantane , and the Tops of Mallows , each half an ounce ; of Tamarinds , half a dram , of yellow Mirobalans one dram ; boil them to six ounces ; in the strained Liquor dissolve one ounce of Cassia fresh drawn ; strain them again , and afterwards add the Infusion of one dram and an half of Rubarb in Lettice water , with yellow Sanders , of Manna , and of Syrup of Roses , each one ounce ; make a Potion . Vomiting also , with gentle Remedies , is excellent , for it makes Revulsion from the Part affected , and does not occasion those Disorders that Purging does ; and therefore such as can bear Vomiting well , may take a gentle Vomit once or twice a Week . Glisters also frequently injected do good . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce , of the Leaves of Mallows , Violets , and Lettice , each one handful ; of the flowers of Water-lillies , and of Barley cleansed , each one Pugil ; boil them to a Pint , in the strained Liquor dissolve an ounce of Cassia newly extracted , one whole Egg , and two ounces of Oyl of Violets ; make a Glister . The Mucilages of the Seeds of Marsh mallows , Quinces , Fenugreek , may be mixed with Glisters to ease the Pain . But to qualifie the Heat , and to ease the Pain , Glisters of Milk by it self or mixed with the foregoing things are usually so effectual , that I have known some eased of long Pains with this Remedy only , and by the Bath which shall be mentioned by and by . But many things may be given inwardly to asswage the Pain , and to correct the Intemperies of the Parts affected . Take of the Waters of Purslain , Lettice , and Water-lillies , each one ounce ; of the Syrup of Violets , and of Water-lillies , each six drams ; Sal-prunella one dram ; mingle them , make a Julep to be repeated often . Emulsions may be also used , though they are diuretick , because they cool and gently cleanse the Urinary Passages . Take of the four greater cold Seeds , and of White Poppies , each three drams ; of Sweet Almonds blanched , and infused in cold water , half an ounce ; bruise them in a Marble Mortar , and pour upon them gently a pint and an half of the Decoction of Barly , of Liquorish , and the Tops of Mallows ; make an Emulsion for three Doses , adding to each one ounce of Syrup of Violets , and a dram of Sal-prunella ; if the Pain be very violent , some Syrup of Poppies may be added to it , and a dram of Gum Arabick powdered . Broths may be also prepared in the following manner . Take of the Roots of Marshmallows half an ounce , of Mallows one handful , of Liquorish half an ounce , of the Seeds of Quinces one dram ; boil them with Chicken Broth , and let it be taken for several Days together . The Whey of Goats Milk is also very good , a large draught of it being taken at a time ; and if there be no Feaver , milk it self is more effectual , especially Asses Milk. If the Disease is inveterate , Epsom and Tunbridge-waters are very proper . Forestus cured himself of a violent Dysury , by only using a Decoction of Mallows sweetned with Syrup of Violets ; a Conserve of Mallows has also done much good , an ounce of it having been taken Morning and Evening , and three ounces of Mallow-Water being drank presently after ; the Conserve of the Flowers of Marshmallows is as good or rather better ; some Practitioners commend the Troches of Alkakengi ; a dram of them being taken at a Time in some proper Liquor . When the Pain is very violent , the dipping the Yard in Milk , whilst the Urine is rendring , or in a Decoction of Mallows , and the Seeds of white Poppies , does much good in this case . A small decoction of Mallows sweetned with Syrup of Violets , or with Conserve of Roses , is very proper for the ordinary Drink . And to ease the Pain , Injections may be made for the Passage of the Bladder of Milk , an Emulsion of the cold Seeds of Plantane and Whey , whereunto may be added the White of an Egg well beaten , and a Scruple of the Troches of Alkakengi . External Remedies do also much good to qualifie the Heat of Urine , as Baths and Fomentations applied to the Pubis and Perinaeum , made of a Decoction of cooling Herbs ; also Liniments made of Oyls of Roses , of white-lillies , and of Oyntment of Roses , and of the white Oyntment with Camphor . CHAP. XCV . Of a Chlorosis , or the Green-Sickness . THe Green-Sickness is a vitious Habit of the Body proceeding from Obstructions , it is accompanied most commonly with a Palpitation of the Heart , Difficulty of Breathing , and a longing for absurd things , and with an Unfitness for Motion , and other Symptoms . The Diagnostick manifestly appears by the following Series of Symptoms . First , The Face and whole Body is pale , and sometimes of a leaden , livid , and green Colour . Secondly , An Inflation , and as it were a Swelling , appears upon the Eye-lids ; the Legs also swell , especially about the Ankles . Thirdly , There is a Dulness and Unwillingness for Motion . Fourthly , There is a Difficulty of Breathing , especially when they move much , or go up Stairs . Fifthly , There is a Palpitation of the Heart upon Motion . Sixthly , There is a heavy , and often a lasting pain of the Head. Seventhly , The Pulse is quick . Eighthly , The Sick are drowsie , and incline to Sleep . Ninthly , There is a great Aversion for wholesome Food . Lastly , The Disease increasing , and the Obstructions being multiplied , a Suppression of the Courses at length follows which shews the Disease is confirmed . As to the Prognostick , This Disease most commonly is no● dangerous , but if it be neglected too much , it occasions great Diseases , as a Scirrhus , Tumours , a Dropsie , and other grietvous Diseases , which at length kill the Patient . When the Disease is small , and chiefly arises from Obstructions of the Veins of the Womb , it is easily cured by Marriage in Young Virgins . Women that have had this Disease a long while , are either barren , or bring forth Children that are Sickly and short liv'd . There is great Hopes of Cure , when the Courses keep their exact Periods , and flow in a due Quantity and Quality . The Cure of this Disease is performed by opening Obstructions , by purging off the vitious Humours , by Correcting the Intemperies of the Bowels , and by Strengthning them . First therefore , A gentle Purging Medicine must be given that is agreeable to the Constitution , that the first Region may be only emptied ; and if the Belly be bound , a Glister must be given first of all . Afterwards Bleeding must be ordered , unless the Disease is very inveterate , and the Maid be inclined to a Cachexy . But a Vein in the Arm must be opened , though the Courses are stopped , for at that Time if you should bleed in the Foot , the Obstructions of the Veins and of the Womb would be increased : That quantity of Blood being taken away that is necessary , proper Purges must be used , viz. Take of the Pill Coch Major two Scruples , of Castor powdered two grains , of Peruvian Balsam four Drops ; make four Pills , let her take them at five in the Morning , and let her sleep after them . Let these Pills be repeated twice or thrice every Morning , or every other Morning , according to the Strength of the Sick and their Operation . After the purging Pills let her take the following . Take of the Filings of Steel grains eight , with a sufficient quantity of Extract of Wormwood ; make two Pills to be taken in the Morning , and they must be repeated at five in the Afternoon . She must continue this Course for thirty Days , drinking presently after the Pills a Draught of Wormwood Wine . If a Bolus be more pleasing . Take of the Conserve of Roman-Wormwood and of the Conserve of the yellow Peel of Oranges , each one ounce ; of candied Angelica , and Nutmegs candied , and of Venice Treacle , each half an ounce ; of Ginger candied two drams , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges , Make an Electuary . Take of this Electuary one dram and an half , of the Filings of Steel well powdered eight grains , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges , make a Bolus to be taken in the Morning , and at five in the afternoon , drinking upon it a draught of Wormwood-wine . Take of choice Mirrh , and of Galbanum , each one dram and an half ; of Castor sixteen grains , with a sufficient quantity of Peruvian Balsam ; make twelve Pills of each dram . Let her take three every Night at Bed time , drinking upon them three or four Spoonfuls of compound Briony water through the whole Course : But if these Pills should purge , then the following must be used instead of them . Take of Castor one dram , of Volatile Salt of Ambar half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of Extract of Rue ; make five and twenty small Pills . Let her take three every Night at Bed-time . CAHP. XCVI . Of the Suppression of the Courses . THere is said to be a Suppression of the Courses , when in Women of a mature Age , that neither give suck , nor are with Child , the Evacuation of Blood by the Womb , which naturally is wont to be monthly , seldom or sparingly proceeds or is wholly stopt . The Cause of this Suppression , is to be referred either to the Womb or to the Vessels of it , or to the Blood which flows or ought to flow through them . Various Diseases of the Womb may occasion this Suppression , namely a cold moist Intemperies , or a hot and dry Intemperies ; also organical Diseases of the Part , as an Inflammation , or Scirrhus , or the like . The Vessels of the Womb also often occasion Obstructions , which is the most frequent cause of the Suppression of the Courses , they being stopt by cold and thick Humours , or compressed by Swellings of the neighbouring Parts . The Blood is peccant , when it is thick and Clammy , or when it is evacuated by other ways , as by the Nostrils , Vomiting , Spitting , Hemorrhoides , and many other Parts . I saw , sayes Riverius , a Girl that had a Pustle in the Head which opened Monthly , and evacuated a large quantity of Blood ; and I have seen many , says he , that by casting up Blood Periodically from the Lungs , had the Courses that Way . The external Causes occasioning this Suppression , are cold and dry Air , and a Northerly Season going into Cold Water , especially when the Courses flow , too little or too much Nourishment taken , also gross and cold Meats , or such as are astringent and such as are too hot , or such as are salted and spiced too much , violent exercise , immoderate Watchings , much sleep , immoderate Ease , Bleeding at the Nose , or Piles , a Loosness , and other Evacuations by Vomit , Urine , and Sweat : And lastly , violent Passions , as extream Anger , a sudden Fright , long Sorrow , great Jealousie , and the like . The Diagnostick of the Suppression must be received from the Sick ; but because it proceeds both from natural and preternatural causes , the Signs of both shall be distinctly proposed , least Physicians should be deceived by Women being with Child , by illegitimate Coition , and so prescribe Medicines to provoke the Courses rashly to Women with Child . First therefore , Women with Child most commonly retain their natural Colour , and others do not . Secondly , the Symptoms which use to happen to Women with Child , at the beginning abate daily ; but on the contrary , in a Suppression of the Courses , the longer they are stopt , so much the more the Symptoms are increased . Thirdly , In Women with Child , after the third Month , the Motion and Situation of the Child may be sensibly perceived , by laying the hand on the Belly ; but in others the Swelling is Oedematous , and not at all hard ; nor is it always contained within the Limits of the Womb. Fourthly , If the inward Mouth of the Womb be touched by a Skilful Midwife , she will find it not exactly closed , as it is in Women with Child , but rather hard , contracted , and somewhat painful . Fifthly , Women with Child are most commonly chearful ; but on the contrary in a Suppression they are most commonly sorrowful and sad . The Faults of the Womb which occasion a Suppression , may be seen by Inspection , and be felt by touching the Parts . The Obstruction and Narrowness of the Vessels of the Womb , may be known by the Disorder that is felt in the Loyns , and in the Parts near the Womb , especially just before the Coming of the Courses ; and if any thing flows out it is mucous , whitish or blackish . The Diseases of the neighbouring Parts , which stop the Mouth of the Womb , or the Veins , may be known by their proper Signs . An abundance of Blood may be known by the Veins being much swelled in the Legs and Arms , if the Woman be fleshy , and of a ruddy Countenance , and has indulged her self for a long while in high Eating . But a Defect of Blood may be guessed at , if the Woman be fat , if she has had a long Feaver , and has fasted a long while ▪ or has loathed he● Meat . An ●ll quality of the Blood may be known by an ill Habit of Body ; the preposterous Motion of the Blood , viz. When it flows by contrary Passages , is manifest of it self . As to the Prognostick , a Suppression of the Courses is very dangerous , and many desperate Diseases rise from it ; some in the Womb , as Tumours Abscesses , and Ulcers ; others in the whole Body , and in various Parts , as Feavers , Obstructions , Cachexies , Loathing of Meat , a Dropsie , a Cardialgia , a Cough , Difficulty of Breathing , Fainting , Melancholly , Madness , Pains of the Head , Gout , and many others ; if the Suppression continue long the Belly grows hard , great quantity of Urine is voided , there is a Loathing of Meat , and long Watching , the Legs , Feet , and Belly swell , and they die of a Dropsie . The Cure of this Disease must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes . And first , If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood , Bleeding must be ordered in the Arm , and a large quantity of Blood must be taken away , afterwards it must be drawn downwards by opening the lower Veins , about the time the Woman used to have her Courses before she was ill . Frictions , Ligatures , Cupping-glasses , with and without Scarification , may be used . If by reason of want of Blood the Courses stop , as after long Feavers , after great Evacuations , and when the Body is much wasted , you must not endeavour to provoke the Courses , till the Body is replenished , and till a sufficient quantity of Blood is bred ; which being done , they generally follow of their own accord . But if it happen that Nature forget her Office , she must be roused up by opening the lower Veins , and by Medicines proposed in the foregoing Chapter ; but the quantity of Blood taken away must be moderate , least the Strength should be dejected , and the Sick should fall into a Consumption . But here it must be carefully noted , That every Wasting of the Body does not indicate a Want of Blood ; but only that which succeeds great Evacuations , and the like ; for sometimes it happens , that the Courses being suppressed , and retained in the Veins , occasion an ill quality , whereby the Blood is rendred unfit to nourish the Parts ; upon which account the Body wasts though the Veins are full of Blood , in which Case large Bleeding is required . As to the Suppression of the Courses , which happens by a preposterous Motion of the Blood , when it is evacuated by Bleeding at the Nose , by Vomiting , Spitting , or the Hemorrhoides , and other Parts . The Cure of it is performed by repelling the Blood from the Parts through which it flows preternaturally , and by drawing it back to the Passage of the Womb. The first is performed , when the Blood rushes out of the upper Parts , by washing the Arms , Head , and Face with cold water , and by forbearing the Exercise of those Parts , especially Singing , and speaking aloud . The second is performed by opening the inferior Veins three or four Days before the Blood breaks out , and by Cupping-glasses applied to the Thighs and Legs , sometimes with , sometimes without Scarification , by provoking the Hemorrhoids , by Frictions , Ligatures , Walking , Fomentations , Baths made of opening Herbs , Pessaries , uterine Glisters , and by other things to be described below . But the Bath-water is especially commended , and the Sick must bath in them often a good while after Meals ; but the Water must not rise above the Hypochondres , and at the same time , the upper Parts must be cooled by fanning them . If the Blood flow by the Hemmorrhoides , the Cure is very difficult , for if you use things to draw downwards , they bring the Blood also to the Fundament ; and if you use astringent things to it , they , by reason of the Nearness of the Parts , repel what should be brought to the Womb , so that the only Way of Cure , is to apply such things to the Womb as may allure the Blood thither , after you have used such things as draw the Blood downwards . But the most frequent Obstruction of all , is that which proceeds from an Obstruction of the Veins of the Womb , the Cure whereof is in a manner the same with that of the Green Sickness : But the Eruption of them must be helpt by opening a Vein in the Foot about the time they used to flow when the Patient was well ; as also by Cupping-glasses applied to the Hips and Legs , instead of Bleeding with , or without Scarification , by Frictions of those Parts , and by painful Ligatures . Take of the Roots of round Birthwort half a dram , of the leaves of dried Savin one dram and an half , of Dittany of Crete , and of Troches of Mirrh , without Assa-Faetida , each one dram ; of choice Cinnamon two drams , of white Sugar two ounces ; make a Powder , whereof let her take two drams every Morning for some days , with the Broth of red Vetches wherein two drams of Cinnamon , and half a dram of Saffron have been boiled . Take of Roots of Briony , of Lillies , Cyperus , Valerian , Angelica , Asarabacca , Orris , and Parsley , each one ounce ; of the Leaves of Mugwort , Bays , Rue , Savin , Thym , Rosemary , Penny-royal , Nep , Mallows , Mercury , each one handful ; of the Flowers of Elder , of Wall-flowers , and of Camomil , each two Pugils ; of the grains of Juniper two ounces ; boil them in Water and Whitewine ; with the strained Liquor foment the Belly and Thighs with a Spunge . With the same Decoction , the quantity being increased , a Bath may be made , wherein the Sick may sit up to the Navel , and the boiled Herbs being put in a Bag , may be applied to her Belly ; but you must take care that she does not sweat , for that rather stops the Courses . Take of the Leaves of Mercury bruised one handful , of the Powder of Hiera Picra , and of Benedictum Laxativum , each two drams ; of the Powder of long Birthwort one dram , with a sufficient quantity of Honey , or the Juice of Mercury ; make a Pessary Injections are also wont to be made for the Womb , which are called uterine Glisters , for they cleanse it from Filth sticking to the Sides , and they open the inner Orifices of the Vessels : They may be prepared with a Decoction for the Fomentation above described , the acrid things being left out , or of fat Figs with Mugwort , Penny-royal , Mercury , or only of the Juice of Mercury clarified , wherein a little Benedictum Laxativum has been dissolved , for you must not use acrid things , lest they should occasion an Inflammation . And after the use of these things , which must be retained only an hour , it is convenient to inject a Decoction of Mallows , Barley , and Violets , or a little Hydromel diluted with the Whey of Goats Milk. When the Disease is inveterate , Issues in the Leg do much good . In the use of the forementioned Medicines some things are to be observed . First , You must never use Remedies to force the Courses , unless general Evacuations went before . Secondly , You must begin with gentle Means , and proceed by degrees to stronger . Thirdly , Medicines that are given to move the Courses must be taken in a large quantity . Fourthly , Pessaries and uterine Glisters must be prescribed only for married Women : But for Virgins Fomentations , Baths , and the following Fume may be ordered . Take of Cloves , Cinnamon , and Mace , each two drams ; of Juniper-berries half an ounce , of the Seeds of Nigella one dram , of Storax Calamit two drams ; make a gross Powder which must be cast upon Coals , and the Fume must be received through a Tunnel . Lastly , In Cholerick and Melancholly Constitution , the hottest Medicines must be avoided , and only such as are gentle must be used , and things that are opening , moistening , and mollifying , must be mixed with them . CHAP. XCV . Of an immoderate Flux of the Courses . AN immoderate flux of the Courses invades either in Child-bed , or at other Times : As to the first , that afflicts Women most on the first Days after a difficult Labour , and is accompanied with a long train of Hysterick Symptoms ; and as it happens only on the first days , so usually does not last long , for if a thickning Diet be ordered , it soon abates . The following Drink may be also used . Take of Plantain Water , and red Wine , each one pint ; boil them till a third part is consumed : Sweeten it with a sufficient quantity of white Sugar , and let her take half a pint of it twice or thrice a day , and in the mean while some gentle Hysterick Julep may be used , and the following Nodulus may be often held to the Nostrils . Take of Galbanum and Assa Foetida , each two drachms , of Castor one Drachm and an half , of volatile Salt of Amber half a drachm ; mingle them , make a Nodulus . Or two drachms of spirit of Sal Armoniack may be often held to the Nose . But as to the Flux which happens out of Child-Bed , though it befals Women at any Time , yet most commonly it invades a little before the Time they leave them , viz. when they are about forty five Years of Age , if they had them very young , and about fifty if it was late before they began to have them : And by reason of the great quantity of Blood , which is continually evacuated , they are almost continually seized with Hysterick Fits ; and though in this Case Hystericks both inward and outward may be used by the by ( but you must forbear the strongest , lest they should further the Flux ) yet the Cure must be managed by such things as stop the Flux . You must bleed in the Arm , and eight Ounces of Blood must be taken away . The next Morning the following Purge must be given . Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of S●na two drachms , of Rhubarb one drachm and an half , infuse them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain Water : In three ounces of the strained Liquor ▪ dissolve of Manna and syrup of Roses solutive , each one ounce ; make a purging Potion , which is to be repeated every third day for twice , every night at bed-time , through the whole course of the Disease ; let an Anodyn be given of an ounce of Diacodium . Take of the conserve of dryed Roses two ounces , of the Troches of Lemnian Earth one drachm and an half , of Pomgranate peel , and of red Coral prepared , each two scruples , of Blood-stone , of Dragon's-blood , and of Bole-Armenick , each two scruples ; with a sufficient quantity of simple Syrup of Coral make an Electuary , whereof let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg in the morning and at five in the afternoon , drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the waters of Oak-buds , and of Plantain , each three ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated , and of Syrup of dried Roses , each one ounce , of Spirit of Vitrial a sufficient quantity , to make it pleasantly acid . Take of the Leaves of Plantain , and of Nettles , each a sufficient quantity , beat them together in a Marble-Mortar , and press out the Juice , clarifie it and give six spoonfuls of it cold three or four times in a day . After the first Purge apply the following Plaster to the Region of the Loins . Take of the Plasters of Diapalma , and ad herniam , each equal parts , mix them and spread them upon Leather . A cooling and thickning Diet must be ordered , only it may be proper to allow once or twice a day a small Glass of Claret ; which tho' it be not so proper , because it is apt to raise an ebullition , yet it may be allowed to recover the Strength . This Method may be also used to prevent Miscarriage , but the Juices and the Purges must be omitted . CHAP. XCVI . Of the Whites . THis obstinate and lasting Disease may be cured by Bleeding once , and by purging with two Scruples of Pill . Coch. major four times , and by the following Corroboratives . Take of Venice Treacle one ounce and an half , of the Conserve of the yellow Peel of Oranges one ounce , of Diascordium half an ounce , of Ginger candied , and Nutmegs candied , each three drachms , of compound Powder of Crabs-eyes , one drachm and an half , of the outward Peel of Pomgranates , of the Roots of Spanish Angelica , and of the Troches of Lemnian Earth , each one drachm , of Bole-armenick two scruples , of Gum Arabick half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of dried Roses make an Electuary ; whereof let her take the quantity of a large Nutmeg in the morning , and at five in the afternoon , and at night drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following Infusion . Take of the Roots of Elecampane , Masterwort , Angelica and Gentian , each half an ounce , of the Leaves of roman Wormwood , white Horehound , the lesser Centaury , and Calaminth , each one handful , of Juniper Berries one ounce : Cut them small , and infuse them in five pints of Canary-Wine , let them stand in Infusion , and strain them only as you use them . Through the whole course of Corroboratives purging must not be used , for every Evacuation spoils what the Corroborative has done . CHAP. XCVII . Of Hysterick and Hypochondriack Diseases . THese Diseases , if I calculate right , are the most frequent of all chronical Diseases ; and as Fevers , with those Diseases that appertain to them , if they are compared with chronical , taken altogether , make two thirds ; so , Hysterical Diseases , at least those that go under that Name , are half the remaining third , that is , chronical Diseases are half Hysterick ; for very few Women , which Sex contains half of grown People , are wholly free from all kinds of Hysterick Diseases , if you except those who being accustomed to Labour live hardly ; yea , many of those Men that live sedentary Lives , and are wont to study hard , are afflicted with the same Disease ; and though , heretofore , Hysterical Symptoms were always reckoned to proceed from a vicious Womb , yet if we compare Hypochondriack Symptoms , which were supposed to proceed from Obstructions of the Spleen or Bowels , or from some other I know not what Obstructions , with Women's Hysterick Symptoms , an Egg is scarce more like an Egg , than these Symptoms are like one another in all respects : But it must be confessed , that Women are much more subject to this kind of Disease , than Men. This Disease is not only frequent , but so wonderfully various , that it resembles almost all the Diseases poor Mortals are subject to ; for whatever Part it seats it self in , it presently produces such Symptoms as belong to it ; and unless the Physician be very sagacious and very skilful , he will be mistaken , and suppose that t●ese Symptoms proceed from an essential Disease of this or that part , and not from an histerical Distemper . Sometimes , for instance , it possesses the Head , and occasions an Apoplexy , which also ends in an Hemipl●gy , and this seizes Women very often after Delivery ; or it is occasioned by hard Labour , or some violent commotion of the Mind . Sometimes it produces violent Convulsions very like an Epilepsy , the Belly and Bowels swelling toward the Throat , the Patient strugling so violently , that though at other times her Strength is but ordinary , she now can scarce be held by all the strength of the By-standers , uttering some odd and inarticulat sounds , and striking her Breast . Women who are accustomed to this Disease , commonly called Mother-fits , are generally extraordinary Sanguine , and have a habit of Body almost like that of a Virago . Sometimes it possesses the outward part of the Head , betwixt the Pericranium and Skull , causing violent Pain continually fixed in one part , which may be covered with the top of your Thumb , and violent Vomiting accompanies this Pain : I call this Species Clavus Hystericus , chiefly afflicting those that have the Green-sickness . Sometimes falling upon the vital Parts , it occasions so great a palpitation of the Heart , that the Women who are afflicted with it , may verily believe that the By-standers may hear the sound of the Heart thumping upon the Ribs . This kind chiefly afflicts those that are of a thin habit of Body and of a weak Constitution , and who look almost tabid ; and also , young Maids that have the Green-sickness . Sometimes the Patient coughs almost without intermission , but expectorates nothing . This kind of Hysterick-cough is very rare , and chiefly invades Women that abound in Flegm . Sometimes rushing violently upon the Colon , and the Region under the Scrobiculum Cordis , it occasions violent Pain , much like the Iliack Passion , and the Woman vomits exceedingly , ejecting a certain green Matter somewhat like that they call porraceous Bile ; and sometimes Matter of an unusual colour : And often after the Sick have been almost destroyed by the said Pain , which would tire a stoical Apathy , and reachings to vomit for many days , at length it is carried off by the Jaundice tincturing the superficies of the Body like Saffron . Moreover , the Sick is oppressed by an anguish of mind , and wholly despairs of recovery , with dejection of mind , and as it were a certain desperation ; as certainly accompanies this kind of Hysterick Disease , as the Pain and Vomiting above-mentioned . This kind chiefly invades those that are of a lax and crude habit of Body , and those that have suffered much in bringing forth great Children . When this Disease falls upon one of the Kidnies , it plainly represents , by the Pain it causes there , a Nephritick Fit ; and not only by that sort of Pain , and by the place it rages in , but also by the violent Vomitings that accompanies it , and for that sometimes the Pain extends it self through the passage of the Ureter ; so that it is very difficult to know whether these Symptoms proceed from the Stone , or from some Hysterick Disease ; unless , perchance , some unlucky Accident disturbing the Woman's mind , a little before she was taken ill of the vomiting of green Matter , shews that the Symptoms rather proceed from an Hysterick Disease , than from the Stone . Nor is the Bladder free from this false Symptom ; for it does not only cause Pain there , but it also stops the Urine , just as if there were a Stone , whereas there is none : But this last kind seizing the Bladder , happens very seldom . That which resembles the Stone in the Kidnies is not so rare ; both use to invade those Women , who are much weak'ned by Hysterick Fits coming frequently , and whose health of Body is much impaired . Sometimes falling upon the Stomach it causes c●ntinual Vomiting , and sometimes a Looseness , when it is setled upon the Guts . But no Pain accompanies either of these Symptoms , though oftentimes in both the green Humours appear . Both these kinds are familiar with those that are weak'ned by the Hysterick Fits coming frequently . And as this Disease afflicts almost all the inward Parts , so sometimes it seizes all the outward Parts , and the musculous Flesh occasioning Pain , and sometimes a Tumour in the Jaws , Shoulders , Hands , Thighs , Legs , in which kind that Tumour which swells the Legs , is more conspicuous than the rest . But whereas in Hydropical Swellings , these two things may be always taken notice of , viz. That the swelling is most in the Evening , and that the Finger prest upon it , leaves a pit : In this Tumour the swelling is most in the Morning , nor does it yield to the Finger , or leave any mark behind it , and for the most part it only swells one of the Legs . As to other things , if you mind the largeness of it , or its superficies , it is so very like Hydropical Swellings , that the Patient can scarce be brought to believe that it is any other Disease ; nor can the Teeth free themselves from the assaults of this Disease , tho' they are not hollow , and tho' there is no apparent defluxion that may occasion the Pain , yet it is no whit gentler , nor shorter , nor easier cured . But these Pains and Tumours which afflict the outward Parts , chiefly seize those Women that are in a manner quite destroyed by a long series of Hysterick Fits , and by the force of them . But among all the Torments of this Disease , there is none so common as a pain in the Back , which most certainly all feel , how little soever they are afflicted with this Disease . Moreover , this is common to the foresaid Pains , that the place on which they were , will not bear touching after they are gone ; but is tender , and akes just as if it were soundly beaten : But this tenderness goes off by degrees . And this is worth observing , That often a notable Cold of the external Parts makes way for these Symptoms , which for the most part does not go off till the Fit ends ; which Cold I have observed is almost like that by which a Carcass grows stiff , yet the Pulse is good . And moreover , all Hysterick Women which I have hitherto taken care of , complain of a dejection and sinking of the Spirits ; and when they would shew the place where the sinking of the Spirits is , they point to the region of the Lungs . Lastly , every one knows that Hysterick Women sometimes laugh excessively , and sometimes cry as much , without any real cause for either . But among all the Symptoms that accompany this Disease , this is the most proper , and almost inseparable , viz. a Urine as clear as Rock-water , and this Hysterick Women evacuate plentifully ; which I find , by diligent Enquiry , is in almost all the pathognomonic sign of this Disease , which we call Hysterick in Women , and Hypochondriack in Men ; and I have sometimes observed in Men , that presently after making Water of a Citron colour ( yea , almost the next moment ) being suddenly seized with some violent commotion of the Mind , they make Water as clear as Cristal , and in a great quantity with a continued violent Stream , and continue ill till the Urine comes to its wonted colour , and then the Fit goes off . And it happens to all Hysterical and Hypochondriacal People , that sometimes they belch up ill Fumes as often as they eat , tho' they eat only moderately , and according as they have an Appetite ; and sometimes the Wind that comes from the Stomach is sower just like Vinegar . Nor are they unhappy upon this account only , viz. That their Bodies are so ill affected , and as it were tottering like ruined Houses just about to fall ; for their Minds are more diseased than their Bodies , and an incureable desperation is mixed with the very nature of the Disease ; and what the Roman Orator said of the Superstitions exactly agrees with these melancholy People , Sleep , says he , seems to be a Refuge to the Laborious and Careful , but from thence Cares and Fears arise , whilst only Funerals and Apparitions of their deceased Friends are represented in Dreams , and they are so tormented in Body and Mind that one would think their Lives were a Purgatory , wherein they were to purifie themselves , and to expiate Crimes committed in some other State. Nor does this happen only to mad People , but also to those who , if you except those Impetuosities of Mind , are very prudent and judicious , and who much excel for deep thought and wisdom in Speech , others , who 's Minds were never excited by these Provokments to thinking . But this dreadful condition of Mind which we have above described , seizes on those only that have much and a long while conflicted with this Disease , and have been at length wholly vanquished by it , especially if Adversity , care or trouble of Mind or hard Study , or the like , join'd with an ill habit of Body , have added Oil to the Flame . A day would scarce be sufficient to reckon up all the Symptoms belonging to Hysterick Diseases , and I think Democritus reckoned pretty right ( though he mistook the cause of the Disease ) when he said in an Epistle to Hippocrates , That the Womb was the cause of six hundred Miseries , and of innumerable Calamities . The procatarctick or external causes of this Disease are either violent motions of the Body , or which is much oftener , vehement commotions of the Mind . But to these disorders of the Mind , which are usually the occasions of this Disease , is to be added emptiness of the Stomach , by reason of long Fasting , immoderate Bleeding , and a Vomit or Purge that works too much . As to the internal , efficient Causes , in my Opinion ▪ those Diseases which we call Hysterick in Women , and Hypochondriack in Men , proceed from a confusion of the Spirits . The origin and antecedent cause of this confusion , is a weak constitution of the Spirits . In order to the Cure , I order , That 8 ounces of Blood be taken from the right Arm , and that the following Plaster be applied to the Navel . Take of Galbanum , dissolv'd in tincture of Castor and strain'd , three drachms , of Tacamacha two drachms ; mix them , make a Plaster . The next Morning , let her make use of the following Pills . Take of the Pill Coch. major two scruples , of Castor powder'd two grains , of peruvian Balsam four drops ; make four Pills , let her take them at five in the Morning , and sleep after them . Repeat them twice or thrice every Morning , or every other Morning , according to their operation and the strength of the Patient . Take of the Waters of black Cherries , Rue and compound Briony , each three ounces ; of Castor , tyed up in a Rag and hanged in the Glass , half a dram ; of fine Sugar a sufficient quanity , make a Julep , whereof let her take four or five Spoonfuls when she is faint , dropping into the first Dose , if the Fit is violent , twenty drops of the Spirit of Harts-horn . After the Purging Pills just described are taken , let her use the following . Take of the filings of Steel eight grains , with a sufficient quantity of extract of Wormwood ; make two Pills , let her take them early in the Morning , and at five in the Afternoon , for thirty days , drinking upon them a draught of Wormwood-wine . Or , if she like a Bolus better . Take of conserve of Roman-wormwood , and of the conserve of the yellow rind of Oranges , each one ounce ; of candied Angelica , and Nutmogs candied , and of Venice Treacle , each half an ounce ; of candied Ginger two drachms ; make an Electuary , with a sufficient quantity of Syruy of Oranges . Take of this Electuary one drachm and an half , of the filings of Steel well rubbed eight grains ; make a Bolus , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges , to be taken in the Morning , and at five in the Evening , drinking upon it a Glass of Wormood-wine . Take of choice Myrrh and Galbanum , each one drachm and an half ; of Castor fifteen grains , with a sufficient quantity of Balsam of Peru ; make twelve Pills of every drachm . Let her take three every Night , and drink upon them three or four Spoonfuls of compound Briony-water , through the whole course of this Process . But if the Pills last prescribed move the Belly , which sometimes happens in Bodies that are very easily purged , by reason of the Gum that is in them ; the following may be used instead of them . Take of Castor one drachm , of volatil Salt of Amber half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of extract of Rue ; make twenty four small Pills : Let her take three every Night . But here you must take notice , That Chalybeats , in whatsoever Form or Dose they are taken , occasion sometimes in Women great disorders both of Body and Mind , and that not only on the first days , which is usual almost in every Body , but also all the time they are taken ; in this case , the use of Steel must be interrupted at those times ; but Laudanum must be given every Night for some time , in some Hysterick Water , that they may better bear it . But when the Symptoms are mild , and it seems that the business may be done without taking Steel , I think it sufficient to bleed and to purge three or four times , and then to give the altering Hysterick Pills before-mentioned , Morning and Evening , for ten days ; which method seldoms fails , when the Disease is not violent ; yea , the Pills alone , bleeding and purging being omitted , oftentimes do a great deal of good . Yet we must take great notice , That some Women , by a certain Ideosyncrasy , so abhor Hysterical Medicines ( which give ease in most of the Symptoms of this Disease ) that they don't only not receive benefit , but are much injur'd thereby ; therefore , they must not be given to such ; for Hippocrates says , 'T is in vain to do any thing contrary to Natures inclination . Which Ideosyncracy is so great and so frequent , that if we have not regard to it , the Lives of the Sick may be hazarded . And so Hysterical Diseases are most commonly cur'd and most Obstructions of Women , especially the Green Sickness ; and also , all Suppressions of the Courses . But if the Blood is so very feeble , and the confusion of the Spirits so great , that Ste●l order'd to be us'd according to the Method prescrib'd , is not sufficient to cure the Disease , the Patient must drink some mineral Waters impregnated with an Iron Mine , such as are Tunbridge , and some others lately found out , for the Chalybeat Vertue of these is better mingl'd with the Blood , by reason of the great quantity that is taken of them , and also because they are more agreeable to Nature , and they cure Diseases more effectually than Iron how much soever exalted by Art. But this is more especially to be observ'd , in drinking of them , that if any Sickness happens that is to be referr'd to Hysterical Symptoms , in this case the Patient must forbear drinking them a day or two , till that Symptom that hinder'd their Passage is quite gone ; and it is to be noted , that Purging must be avoided all the time the Patient drinks these Waters . But if this Disease , by reason of its Obstinacy does not yield to Steel-waters , the Sick must go to the Bath , and when she has used them inwardly three mornings following , the next day let her go into the Bath , and the day following let her drink them again , and so let her do by turns for two months ; for in these and in others , of what kind soever they are , this must be carefully noted , That the Patient must persist in the use of them , not only till she perceives some benefit , but till she is quite well , that the Symptoms may not return again in a short time . Venice-Treacle alone if it is us'd often and a long while , is a great Remedy in this Disease ; and not only in this but in very many other Diseases , that proceed from want of heat , or concoction or digestion , 't is perhaps the most powerful that has been hitherto known . Spanish Wine medicated with Gentian , Angelica , Wormwood , Centory and other Corroboratives infus'd in it , does a great deal of good , some Spoonfuls of it being taken thrice a day , if the Woman be not of a thin and cholerick habit of Body ; and truly , a large Draught of Spanish Wine by it self taken at Bed-time for some Nights , by my Advice , has been very beneficial to some Women ; for by it the habit of the whole Body was render'd stronger , and they who before were Cachectical , became fresh-colour'd and brisk . Moreover , sometimes we find that the Peruvian Bark wonderfully comforts and invigorates the Blood and Spirits , a Scruple of it being taken Morning and Evening for some Weeks ; but it succeeds best in that kind of Hysterick Diseases , wherein VVomen are afflicted with Convulsions . But if any of the Remedies above-mentioned don't agree well , which often happens in cholerick and thin Constitutions , then a Milk-diet may be us'd , for some VVomen ( which one wou'd wonder at at first ) that have been conflicted a long while with Hysterick Diseases , and even such as have frustrated all the endeavours of Physicians , yet have recover'd by dieting themselves for some time only with Milk ; and especially those that labour with that Disease , I call an Hysterick Cholick ; which can't be appeas'd by any thing but Narcoticks , to which , repeated by Intervals , the VVomen are much accustom'd , the Pain returning assoon as the Vertue of the Anodyne fades . But nothing of all I have hitherto mention'd does so much comfort and strengthen the Blood and Spirits as riding on Horse-back every Day for a long while , but though it may be inconvenient for Women that are accustom'd to a slothful and delicate way of living , for they may be injur'd by Motion , especially at the beginning , yet 't is very proper for Men , and soonest recovers their Health . One of our Right Reverend Bishops , famous for Prudence and Learning , having studied too hard a long while , fell at length into an hypochondriac Disease , which afflicting him a long Time ▪ vitiated all the Ferments of the Body , and wholly subverted the Concoctions ; he had passed through long Courses of Steel more than once , and had tried almost all mineral Waters , with Purging often repeated , and antiscorbuticks of all kinds , and very many testaceous Powders , which are reckoned proper to sweeten the Blood , and so being in a manner quite worn out , partly by the Disease , and partly by Physick , used continually for so many Years , he was at length seized with a colliquative Loosness , which is wont to be the forerunner of Death in Consumptions , and other chronical Diseases , when the Digestions are wholly destroy'd . At length he advised with me ; I presently considered that there was no more room for Medicine , he having taken so many already without any Relief ; for which reason I persuaded him to ride on Horse-back , and that first he should take such a small Journey as was agreeable to his weak condition . Had he not been a very judicious Man , and one that weighed things well , he would not have been persuaded so much as to have tryed such a kind of Exercise : I intreated him to persist in it daily , till in his own Opinion he was well , going daily furthur and further , till at length he went so many miles in a Day as prudent and moderate Travellers , that go a long Journey upon Business , use to do , without any regard to Meat , Drink or the Weather : But that he should take every thing as it happened : To be short , he continued this Method , increasing his Journies by degrees , till at length he rode twenty or thirty miles daily ; and when he found himself much better in few Days , being encouraged with such wonderful Success , he continued this course a pretty many Months ; in which Time , as he told me , he rode many thousand Miles , till at length he did not only recover , but also gained a strong and brisk habit of Body . This is the general way of Curing this Disease , which is applied to the original Cause , viz. the weak Crasis of the Blood , and so is to be used only when the fit is off : Therefore as often as the Fit invades , joined with any one of the foresaid Symptoms , if the Disease be such , or so great an one , that it will not bear a Truce , till it may be cured by Medicines that corroborate the Blood and Spirits , we must presently make use of hysterick Remedies , which by their strong and offensive Smell recal the exorbitant and deserting Spirits to their proper Stations , whether they are taken inwardly , or smell'd to , or outwardly applied : Such are Assa Foetida , Galbanum , Castor , Spirit of Sal Armoniack , and lastly , whatever has a very ungrateful and offensive smell . In the next place , you must take notice , that if some intollerable Pain accompanies the Fit , in whatever part it is ; or violent Vomiting or a Loosness , than besides the Hystericks above-mentioned , Laudanum must be used , which only is able to restrain these Symptoms . But in quieting the Pains , which Vomiting occasions , we must take great care that they are not mitigated either by Laudanum , or any other Paregorick , before due Evacuations have been made , unless they almost exceed all human Patience . First , because sometimes there is so great a quantity of Blood and Humours heap'd up ( especially in sanguine Women , and in Men of a proper Habit ) that is able to withstand the Operation of the most effectual Narcotick , though it be often repeated , and therefore in such Blood must necessarily be evacuated from the Veins of the Arm , and a Purge must be given before we come to use Laudanum ; for when these things are duly performed , that which before given in a large Dose would do no good , does now perform the Business in a moderate Dose ; and then because I have found by frequent Experience , that when the Sick has been accustomed by little and little to Laudanum , and has not been duly evacuated before she was forced , by reason of the return of the Pain presently after the Vertue of the Medicine vanished , to take a Paregorick again , and so daily for some Years , the Dose being sometimes by degrees increased , so that at last they can by no means abstain from Laudanum , though thereby all the Digestions are vitiated , and the natural Functions weakned ; though I do not think that the use of Laudanum does immediately hurt the Brain , or Nerves , or the animal Faculties : Therefore I judge and speak what I have found , That Evacuation ought to go before Anodynes , viz. in Virago's , and in Women that abound with Blood , a Vein must be opened , and the Body purged , especially if they have been lately seized with the Fit : But if weak Women , and those of a quite contrary Constitution , labour with such a Fit and Pain , and have been not long ago afflicted with it , it will be sufficient to cleanse their Stomachs with a gallon of Posset-drink , more or less , taken in and ejected by Vomit , and then to give a large Dose of Venice Treacle and a few Spoonfuls of some Spirituous Liquor , that is pleasing to the taste , with a few Drops of Liquid Laudanum to be taken presently after it . But if the Sick has vomited a great while before the Physician was called , and there is danger , lest by further Provocation , by Emeticks , the Spirits should be put in a rage , and the Sick too much weakned : In this case you must give Laudanum without delay , and such a Dose that is not only suitable to the Violence and Duration of the Symptom , but such an one as is sufficient to vanquish it . But here two things are to be chiefly noted ; First That when you have once begun to use Laudanum after due and necessary Evacuations , it must be taken in that Dose , and often repeated till the Symptom is quite conquered ; only such a space must be betwixt each Dose , that we may know what the former has done before we give another : And then when we treat the Disease with Laudanum , we must do nothing else , and nothing must be evacuated , for the gentlest Glister of Milk and Sugar is sufficient to spoil whatever has been repaired by the Paregoric , and to occasion the return of the Vomiting and Pain . But though the Pains above-mentioned , as we have said , are apt to overcome the Vertue of the Anodyne , yet violent Vomiting indicates the largest Dose of it , and that it should be very often repeated ; for by the inverted peristaltick Motion of the Stomach ( by which that which is contained in it ought to be carried downwards ) the Paregorick is ejected through the Oesophagus , before it can do any good , unless after every time the Sick vomits the Narcotick be given afresh , and chiefly in a solid form , or if it be given in a Liquor the Vehicle must be so small , as that it must but just wet the Stomach , so that by reason of the small quantity of the Matter it cannot be cast up . For instance , some Drops of liquid Laudanum in one spoonful of strong Cinnamon-Water , or the like ; and the Sick must be admonished to keep her self quiet , presently after taking the Laudanum , and that she keep her Head , as much as possible , immoveable , for the smallest motion of the Head provokes Vomiting more than any thing else , and then the Medicine , just taken , is ejected ; and when the Vomiting ceases , and is , as it were , tamed , it is expedient to give an Anodyne morning and evening for a few days , to prevent a Relapse , which also ought to be observed after a loosness , or an hysterick Pain taken off by a Narcotick ; and so at length by this method we may readily cure the symptomatick Pain and Vomiting , whereby , because they are very often like other Diseases , Physicians are easier imposed upon than by any other Symptoms whatever . CHAP. XCVIII . Of an Inflammation in the Womb. AN Inflammation of the Womb is a Swelling of that Part , from Blood poured upon it . The Inflammation either possesses all the Womb , or a part of it ; and it is occasioned either by pure Blood , and then it is called simply a Phlegmon , or it is mixed with Choler , or with Flegm or Melancholy . The diagnostick Signs are a Swelling , Heat and Pain in the region of the Womb , with a continual Fever . But because the right-Gut and the Bladder possess the same region , therefore an Inflammation of the Womb must be distinguished by other Signs , as by a Suppression or Diminution of the Courses , the pale or yellow Colour of them , and by the Pain in Evacuation of them , and when the Courses are gon off , by a fetid Itchor that moistens the Privities , the inward Mouth of it will appear swell'd , drawn back and painful , and the Neck will be red and inflamed . If all the Womb be inflamed , all the Symptoms will be more violent ; if the Inflammation be most upon the Neck of the Womb , the Heat and Pain will be extended most to the Croins and Privities . If the forepart be most afflicted , the Bladder will most sympathise : If the hinder part be most afflicted , the right Gut will most sympathise , and the Pain will stretch it self to the Loins : If the right part or the left part be inflamed , the Swelling and Pain will appear about either Groin , and the Leg of the same Side will have a Weight upon it . The Signs of the Causes are to be known in the following manner : If the Inflammation be occasioned by pure Blood , all the Symptoms will be gentle ; but if Choler be mixed with it , the Fever will be high , and all the Symptoms violent ; but if the Blood be flegmatic or melancholy , the Fever is not so acute , but more lasting and obstinate : Also the Signs of the Humor predominating in the Body are to be referred to the Diagnostick . If the Inflammation tends to suppuration , the Pain and Fever increases , and there are Shiverings which come most commonly about Evening , and all the rest of the Symptoms are increased . When Suppuration is made they all abate , but the Tumor is more increased , whereby the Belly , and sometimes the Urine are suppressed . But if the Inflammation is discussed without Suppuration , the Tumor is lessened , and the Symptoms abate . Lastly , If it degenerate into a Scirrhus , the Fever and Pain , and the rest of the Symptoms lessen , but the Swelling grows hard , and a weight remains , not only in the Womb but also in the circumjacent Parts ; so that the Sick moves difficultly . As to the Prognostick , this Disease is very dangerous , and most commonly deadly , for the Inflammation easily turns to a Gangrene . As to the Cure of this Disease , Revulsion and Derivation must be made of the Flux of Blood to the Womb. And it must be repelled from thence , and that which has flow'd to the part must be resolved , and if the Tumor tends to suppuration , it must be furthered , and the Abscess being broken , the Matter must be evacuated , which may be done by the following Remedies . An emollient and cooling Glister being first given , the Sick must be blooded in the Arm ; and it must be repeated twice , thrice or four times , according to the strength of the Patient , and the greatness of the Inflammation . After sufficient revulsion , and the increase of the Disease being over , and when there is no more fear of the fluxion , the lower Veins must be opened for derivation from the Part affected . But as long as there is any Indication for revulsion , it is safest to open the Veins of the Arm. And for revulsion , Frictions and Ligatures of the upper Parts are proper , and Cupping-glasses applied to the Shoulders , Back and Loins . If vitious Humours , especially Cholerick , abound in the Body , which are , as it were , a Vehicle for other Humours in the Flux , they are to be evacuated by gentle Medicines ; as with Syrup of Roses , Manna and Rhubarb , or with lenitive Electuary . By reason of the Fever , cooling Medicines are to be used ; as Juleps and Emulsions ; if there be great Watching , Pain or Restlesness , Narcoticks may be mingled with them , or they may be given apart . After the first evacuation Topicks may be applied to the Belly , betwixt the Navel and the Pubes , or about the Reins ; first , things that cool and repel in the form of a Liniment , Epithem or Cataplasm . A Liniment may be made of Oyl of Roses wash'd in Vineger , or with Ointment of Roses . An Epithem may be made of Waters , or of a Decoction of Plantain , Sorrel , Night-shade , of the tops of white Poppies and of Roses , adding to them a little Bole-armenick , Dragon's-blood , or sealed Earth . A Cataplasm may be made of Crums of Bread boiled in Milk , to which may be added a little Oil of Roses ▪ the Juice of Henbane or of Night-shade , with the yolks of Eggs , or of the Meal of Barly ; of the Seeds of Flax or of Fenugreek , with Oil of Roses ; to which also may be added , the Plants above-mentioned bruised . Injections may be made for the Womb , in the following manner . Take of the leaves of Plantain , Water-lillies , Night-shade and Endive , each one handful ; of red Roses , two pugils : Boyl them till a third is consumed , and add to them one ounce of Oyl of Mirtles , and half an ounce of Vineger ; make an Injection . Pessaries for the Womb may be made of the same Herbs bruised , and with Oyl of Roses and Vineger . But you must not use repelling and cooling things too long , lest the Tumor grow hard , and turn to a Scirrhus ; therefore , things that mollify and dissolve , must be mixed with Repellents , with this caution , viz. That the farther the Inflammation is from the beginning , the greater must be the quantity of the things that digest : To the fore-mentioned Remedies may be added , Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Mugwort , Fenugreek , Camomile and Melilot ; the quantity of them being increased or diminished as there seems occasion . In the mean time if the Belly be hard , it must be loosened by things that purge gently ; and cooling Glisters frequently injected , do much good in qualifying the Inflammation , the Womb lying upon the right Gut. But the quantity of them must be very small , that they may be the longer retained . Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce , of the leaves of Mallows , Violets and Lettice , each one handful , of Night-shade half an handful , of the flowers of Violets and red Roses , each one pugil , of acid Prunes number ten ; boyl them in Barly-water ; to six ounces of the strained Liquor , add three ounces of Oyl of Roses ; make a Glister . If the pain be very violent , to the foresaid Glister may be added yolks of Eggs , Hens grease , Woman's milk , the mucilages of the Seeds of Fenugreek , Flax o● Mallows , and a little Opium , and a little Saffron . Injections may be also made for the Womb , of Goats or Sheeps milk with Opium or Saffron , each Grains three or four , with a little Rose-water . Or to the Pessaries , may be added a moderate quantity of Opium with a little Saffron , yolks of Eggs , and Oyl of Roses ; or Pessaries may be made of Philonium Romanum with Cotton , or an anodyne Fomentation may be prepared in the following manner . Take of Marsh-mallows with the roots , of Mallows and Violets , each one handful ; of Camomile , Melilot and Roses , each one pugil ; boil them for a fomentation The Disease decreasing , Purging must be repeated with gentle Catharticks ; but if it tend to resolution , which may be known by a remission of the Symptoms , and by a lesser weight in the part , Discutients must be added in larger a quantity to the foresaid Remedies ; or make the following Cataplasm . Take of the Powder of the roots of Marsh-mallows one ounce , of the flowers of Melilot and Camomile , each two drachms , of the leaves of Mugwort powder'd , of the Meal of Barly and Beans , each half an ounce ; boil them a little in rough Wine , add to them of fresh Lard , of the Oils of Camomile and of white Lillies , each one ounce ; make a Cataplasm . A dissolving fomentation or bath is here also of use . If the Tumor cannot be dissolved , but tends to supparation , it must be furthered by the following Cataplasm . Take of the powder of the roots of Marsh-mallows , of the flowers of Camomile and Melilot , of the Meal of Linseeds , Fenugreek-seeds , each one ounce , of fat Figs number eight ; boil them to the consistence of a Cataplasm ; then add of the yolks of Eggs number four , of Saffron ten grains , of Oil of Lillies and fresh Butter ▪ each one ounce ; make a Cataplasm . The Pus being made , which may be known by the remission of the heat and pain , and by its ●loating when it is touched , the breaking of the abscess must be endeavoured by the motion of the Body , Sneazing , Coughing , by applying Cupping-glasses , by cleansing and attenuating Injections , or by Pessaries that have a faculty of breaking Tumors . For instance , Take of Goose-fat half an ounce , of Turpentine two drachms ; of the powder of the seeds of Rue , and of Orris-root , each half a drachm ; mix them , and make a Pessary . The Abscess being broken , we must endeavour to cleanse and heal the Ulcer ; as shall be shewed in the following Chapter . CHAP XCIX . Of an Vlcer in the Womb. AN Ulcer follows an Inflammation of the Womb suppurated ; it also proceeds from other causes , viz. from whatever corrodes the Womb. Therefore , the causes of it are an Abscess broken , acrid Humours flowing to the Womb , acrid and corr●ding Medicines injected , or taken inwardly , as Cantharides . The antecedent causes are all those things that occasion an Inflammation , as hard Labour , violent and ungovernable Copulation , acrid and long Whites , Wounds , Falls , Contusions ; but especially a virulent Gonorrhaea , and the French Pox , the Contagion whereof is easily communicated to the Womb , and the neck of it . The differences are to be sought for from the Place , Magnitude , Figure and Complication with other Diseases . The diagnostick Signs are a Pain and Gnawing , and the evacuation of purulent Matter . The cure of the Ulcer must be performed by stoping the defluxion of acrid Humours , and by cleansing and conglutinating the Ulcer . And first , if the Body be Plethorick , or if the Ulcer be accompanied with an Inflammation , a Vein must be opened in the Arm , and bleeding must be repeated as often as there is danger of a new fluxion , especially at the time of the Courses , to lessen them , which are wont to increase the matter of the Ulcer , and to promote the flux of other Humours to the Womb. Purging is also very necessary to cleanse the Body from ill Humours ; but it ought to consist of gentle Catharticks , as of Sena , Rhubarb , Tamarinds , Myrabolanes , and the like , which must be often repeated , that the vitious Humours may be diverted ; and this is of so great moment , that Forestus says , That a noble Matron was cured of an Ulcer of the Womb , by taking every fourth day five ounces of the decoction of Sena , Dodder of Thym , red Roses , Indian Myrabolanes sweetned with Sugar , and by injecting a cleansing decoction into the Womb. For common use , a magisterial Syrup may be made in the following manner . Take of the roots of Comfry , and of fresh Polypody of the Oak , each one ounce ; of the Bark of dried Citron six drachms ; of the leaves of Plantain , Periwinkle , Sanicle , Sorrel and Maiden-hair , each one handful ; of Liquorish rasped , and of Raisins of the Sun stoned , each one ounce ; of Sena cleansed six drachms ; of the seeds of Bastard-saffron bruised , two ounces ; of Agarick fresh trochiscated , and tyed up in a Rag , ten drachms ; of the seeds of Anise and Melon , each three drachms ; of the Cordial Flowers of Rosemary and of Dodder , each one pugil ; make a decoction of all , in a part of which infuse half an ounce of choice Rhubarb , and one drachm of Cinnamon ; in a pint and an half of the strained Liquor , dissolve three ounces of Syrup of Roses solutive , and a sufficient quantity of Sugar ; boil them well and make a Syrup , whereof let her take two or three ounces twice or thrice in a month , with a decoction of Agrimony and Plantain , or with an infusion of Rhubarb in Endive water . If the sick vomits easily , a Vomit is most useful , for it makes a revulsion of the Humours from the Womb ; and the days the sick does not purge a vulnerary decoction must be used a long while , made in the following manner . Take of the leaves of Agrimony , Knot-grass , Burnet and Plantain , each half a handful ; of the roots of China three drachms , of Coriander-seed one drachm , of Raisins half an ounce , of red Sanders one scruple ; boil them in Chicken Broath , strain it . Let the sick take of it morning and evening . Or , Take of the leaves of Mugwort , Plantain , Yarrow , each one handful ; Rhaponticum half an ounce , of the seeds of Nettles one drachm ; boil them in a measure of white Wine , and sweeten it with Sugar ; let the sick take two or three ounces in a morning . If the Fever be violent , and if a great quantity of Sanies be evacuated , Whey is very proper ; half a pint or more being taken in a morning , with a little Hony of Roses . If the Body begin to waste , and there is a hectick Fever , Asses Milk must be taken , with Sugar of Roses for a whole Month. Sudorificks , there being no Inflammation , or a hot Intemperies may also do good to dry the Ulcer , and to drive the serous Humours towards the habit of the Body . Turpentine washed in some proper Water for the Womb , as in Mugwort or Feferfew-water , or in some Water proper for the Ulcer , as Plantain or Rose-water , taken with Sugar of Roses , by Intervals cleanses and heals the Ulcer . Pills of Bdellium taken daily or every other day , are also very good . Take of Bdellium three drachms , of Myrrh and Frankincense , each one drachm ; of Sarcocoll , Amber , Storax , and of Myrabolanes , called Chebule , each one drachm ; of red Coral two scruples , with syrup of Poppies , make a mass for Pills ; to which , when the Pain is violent , may be added a little Opium . Troches of Alkakengi with Opium , may be also used when the pain is violent ; and to ease the pain , the same Remedies may be prescribed , which were proposed in an Inflammation of the Womb , for the same Symptom . The following Powder is also very effectual to dry the Ulcer . Take of Acacia and Hypocistis , each one drachm , of Dragon's-blood , white Starch , the roots of Plantain and of round Birthwort , each half a drachm ; of Bole armenick one drachm , of Mastich and Sarcocol , each half a drachm ; make a fine Powder ; the dose is one drachm in Plantain or Rose-water , or in some Chalybeat-water . To cleanse , dry and heal the Ulcer , various Injections are prepared ; but they must not be used till the Inflammation is taken off , and till the Pain is eased ; and , therefore , upon account of the Inflammation and Acrimony , Emulsions of the cold Seeds , the Whey of Goat's-milk , or the Milk it self , or mixed with the juice of Plantain or Shepherd's purse , may be injected first ; if necessity requires , a decoction of Poppy-heads and tops of Mallows may be injected . Some Practitioners say , The Sick may be much relieved by injecting frequently warm Water . The hot Intemperies , and the Pain being quieted , or at least diminished , we must use such things as cleanse , beginning with the gentle , and proceeding by degrees to the stronger . The gentle , are Whey with Sugar , a decoction of Barly with Sugar , or Hony of Roses ; but simple Hydromel cleanses more . A decoction will be a little stronger made with Barly , Lentils , Beans not excorticated , of the Leaves of Smallage , Plantain and Pellitory , a little Hony of Roses being added . When the Ulcer is very sordid , the following decoction may be used . Take of the roots of Gentian , Rhaponticum , Zedoary , and round Birthwort , each one ounce , of white Wine three pints ; boil them to the consumption of a third part ; in the strained Liquor , dissolve half a pound of Sugar , and keep it for use . If the Ulcer be very fetid , a little Vnguentum Aegyptiacum may be added to the decoction . When the Ulcer is well cleansed , we must use such things as dry and consolidat . Take of the roots of Comfry and Bistort , each one ounce , of the leaves of Plantain , Horsetail , Shepherd's-purse , Sanicle , Mouse-ear , Milfoil , each one handful , of red Roses half an handful ; boil them in a measure of Water for an injection . The following Sarcotick Powder may be added to it . Take of the roots of Orris , Birthwort and Comfry , each half an ounce , of Myrrh one ounce , of Aloes three drachms ; make a Powder , whereof let half an ounce be mingled with every injection . Take of Turpentine washed in Plantain-water , two drachms , dissolve it with Hony and the yolk of an Egg , and mingle it with the Injection . This is very effectual ; but is more so , if the sarcotick Powder be also added . Oil of the yolks of Eggs stirred well about in a leaden Mortar , is also very good . Fumes must be used for deep Ulcers , for they penetrate to the bottom of the Womb , and dry the Ulcers . Take of Frankincense , Myrrh , Mastick , Gum-juniper , Labdanum , each one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Turpentine ; make Troches for a Fume . When the Ulcer is very obstinat , Cinnabar must be added , which is of excellent use . The Bath-waters have cured Women , when all other Medicines have been ineffectual . Plasters may be also conveniently applied to the Epigaster . If the Ulcer be in the Neck of the Womb , it must be anointed with Liniments , that cleanse and dry . Take of the juice of Smallage two ounces , of hony of Roses one ounce and an half , of Turpentine half an ounce , of the meal of Barly or of Orobus , a sufficient quantity ; make a Liniment . Oyntment of Diapompholigos may be also applied , adding to it Frankincense , Mastich , Myrrh , Aloes , according to the condition of the Ulcer : These things cleanse . After you have sufficiently cleansed the Ulcer , you must apply a drying and cicatrizing Ointment . Take of Tutty washed half an ounce , of Lytharge , Ceruss and Sarcocoll , each two drachms , of Oil and Wax a sufficient quantity ; make an Ointment . Sometimes the Ulcer penetrates the right Gut , and sometimes the Bladder , which may be known by the Matter evacuated by those Parts . If it flow by the right Gut , lenitive , cleansing and drying Glisters must be injected : But if it flow from the Bladder , gentle and cooling Diureticks must be used , as an Emulsion of the greater cold Seeds , Turpentine and other Remedies prescribed for an Ulcer of the Bladder . If the Ulcer turn to a Fistula , which chiefly happens , when it is opened outwardly towards the Hip , though it may happen in the Womb it self , or in the Neck of it ; in this case we must consider , whether it be best to leave the accustomed Passage untouched , through which Nature endeavours to evacuate various Excrements , or to undertake the Cure of it : But if that be thought most proper for the Sick , a Cure that is called palliative must be instituted by Purges frequently repeated , and by sweating twice a year , and by cleansing and strengthening Injections , and by applying over a Plaster of Diapalma , or the like . But if there be any hopes of a Cure , the same Remedies must be used which are proper for other Fistula's . If the Ulcer be occasioned by the French Pox , it cannot be cured without an universal Cure ; in performing which , the Fumes of Cinnabar received through a Tunnel into the Womb , are peculiarly proper ; also , the anointing the inner Parts of the Womb with a mercurial Ointment . In all Ulcers of the Womb , if there be a troublesome itching about the Neck , as it frequently happens , by reason of a defluction of an acrid and salt Humour to the part ; a Pessary must be made to qualifie it , dipt in the Ointment of Elecampane with Mercury , or in Aegyptiacum dissolved in Sea or Alum-water , or in fresh Butter , wherein quick Silver has been extinguished ; to which must be added Sulphur . CHAP. C. Of the Scirrhus of the Womb. THE signs of a Scirrhus in the Womb are a hardness in the region of it , a sense of weight in the part , especially when the Sick stands , but there is no Fever or Pain , whereby it is distinguish'd from an Inflammation , and if there be any Pain it is small . If it be in the body of the Womb it is easily known by feeling the region of the Pubes , but if it be in the Neck of the Womb it may be touch'd with the Finger ; it is distinguish'd from a Mola by the preceding Causes , also because in a Mola the Courses , if they flow , flow disorderly : But in a Scirrhus , if they flow , they keep their order . Also in a Mola , the Breasts are full of Milk , but in a Scirrhus they grow small . As to the Prognostick , every Scirrhus is difficultly cur'd ; for great hardness once contracted can scarce be mollified : Moreover the Natural Heat in the part affected with the Scirrhus is very weak , so that it can scarce discuss the gross and almost stony Matter . A great and obstinate Scirrhus occasions at length a Dropsie . If a Scirrhus of the Womb be treated with too hot , and too moistening Remedies , it degenerates into a Cancer . The Cure is to be directed to two things , viz. to the antecedent and conjunct cause . By reason of the antecedent Cause , Bleeding must be ordered first in the Arm ; if the Disease be not very inveterate : But afterwards in the inferior Veins , especially when the Courses are stopt . The opening of the Hemorrhoidal Veins is also very proper , for they evacuate feculent Blood , and draw from the Womb , by reason of the Communication which they have with it . Purging is also necessary , and it must be repeated by intervals . The Purges must be made of such things as evacuate Melancholy . First you must use such as are gentle , afterwards stronger . But opening Medicines , and such as prepare the Melancholy Humor must be given before Purges , in the Forms of Apozems , Juleps or Broaths , according to the Disposition of the Sick. But besides common Apperitives , chalybeat Medicines must be also used , whereby the great Obstruction in the Womb and other Parts may be dissolved . And that the superfluous Humors may be diverted , Issues should be made in the Legs , and must be continued there till the Courses , which are generally stopt in this Disease , return orderly . For the conjunct Cause emollient and resolving Medicines must be applied outwardly in the following manner . Take of the Roots of Marshmallows , and of Lillies , each two ounces ; of the Leaves of Mallows , Violets , Marshmallows , and Bears-breach , each one handful ; of the Leaves of Mugword and Calamint , half an handful ; of the Seeds of Flax and Fenugreek , each one ounce ; of the Flowers of Camomile and Melilot , each one pugil : Make a Decoction , wherewith foment the Region of the Pubes and Groin with a Spunge dipt in it and pressed out . To mollifie more , a Decoction may be made of the Entrails of a Sheep , and the Roots of Briony and wild Cucumber may be added : But you must begin with things that are gentle , and proceed by degrees to stronger Of the same Decoction , the Dose of the Simples being increased , a Bath may be made , which is very effectual in this case , and more powerful than the Fomentation . Glisters also and Injections may be made of the same Decoction , and frequently used ; whereunto may be added the Oils of Lillies , Camomil and Sweet Almonds . Take of the Oils of Lillies , and of Sweet Almonds , each three ounces ; of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Fenugreek , extracted with White-Wine one ounce ; of the Fat 's of Hens , Geese and Ducks , each one ounce and an half ; of fresh Butter and of Lard , of each two ounces ; with a sufficient quantity of Wax and Turpentine make an Ointment . The following is approved of in all Scirrhus's . Take of Bdellium , Ammoniacum , and Galbanum , each equal parts ; beat them in a Mortar with Oil of Ben and Lillies ; then add of the Mucilages of the Seeds of Fenugreek , Flax , and of Figs a like quantity ; make an Ointment . Of the same Matter , Wax being added , an effectual Plaster may be made , and applied to the region of the Womb behind and before ; or Diachylon with Orris may be applied . A Cataplasm may be made of the residue of the Decoction for the foresaid Bath , bruised and pulped , adding to it of the Meal of Fenugreek and Flax-Seeds , each one ounce , of Figs , number six , of the Powder of Orris Root two drachms , of Saffron half a drachm , of hens Fat and Oil of Sweet Almonds , each a sufficient quantity ; make a Cataplasm . The Mud of a Sulphurous Bath may be applied instead of a Cataplasm . But these Medicines must be used with great caution , lest the Scirrhus should be hardned ; or what is much worse , should degenerate into a Cancer . So that it is best to desist by intervals ; and it is to no purpose to use Medicines when the Scirrhus is without Pain , and of a stony nature . CHAP. CI. Of a Cancer of the Womb. A Cancer of the Womb is a hard Swelling of the Body or Neck of it , with pricking and lanceing Pain . It is occasioned by black Choler collected in that part , or by a Scirrhus ill cured , which easily degenerates into a Cancer in that part , especially by reason of a great afflux of Blood , which being retained in the Veins near the Scirrhus , and not sufficiently evacuated by the Courses , acquires a malignant quality . It is twofold , either ulcerated or not ulcerated . As long as the Morbific Matter is of lesser Acrimony and Malignity the Cancer does not break ; but when the Matter becomes more acrid , it causes an Ulcer . It is easily known by what has been said ; for if there be a hard Tumor in the Body or Neck of the Womb , which occasions a pricking and lancing Pain , you may pronounce it cancerous : But it is more evidently distinguished , if it be seen by the Eyes , as when it is in the Neck of the Womb , by the help of a Speculum Matricis , for then an unequal , livid , or black Tumor , encompassed with Branches of Veins will appear : But if it be ulcerated it casts forth a yellow or black Sanies that stinks much , and sometimes Blood , by reason the Veins are corroded which run to it , so that sometimes when a large Vessel is opened , it flows so much that the Life of the Sick is hazarded . There is also a small Fever , Anxiety , Nauseousness , and a Heat of the Privities , and the like . As to the Prognostick , a Cancer is incurable , whether it be ulcerated or not ; wherefore seeing a perfect Cure cannot be expected , we must endeavour to hinder the breaking of it , and the increase of it when it is broken , and in both we must qualifie the Violence of the Pain ; which may be done by such things as evacuate the whole Body , and by other Remedies which alter and evacuate the melancholy Humor , and black Choler , and hinder their Growth : As by bleeding in the Arm , Hemorrhoids , Foot , Potions , Apozems , Juleps , Broath , Milk , Whey , cold mineral Waters , and the like , which are commonly prescribed for any Cancer : But Purging , most especially must be repeated , that the antecedent Cause of the Cancer may be diverted . Topicks must also be applied , which moderately bind and cool without Sharpness ; they must especially be used in form of Liniments . Take of Oyl of Myrtles , and of Roses , each two ounces ; of the Juice of Night-shade , and of Housleek , each one ounce ; stir them all about in a leaden Mortar , with a leaden Pestle , till they grow black ; then add of Litharge , and Cerus washed in Scabious Water , each three ounces ; of Tutty prepared two drachms , of Camphor ten grains ; make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the Part three or four times in a day . Or , Take of the Oils of the Yolks of Eggs and of Roses , each one ounce and an half , of Sacharum Saturni one drachm ; stir them about in a leaden Mortar till they change colour . The following is better than the rest , and with it Tumors of the Paps , which are counted cancerous , may be perfectly cured . Take of the Oil of Yolks of Eggs two ounces , of the Juice of Night-shade and Speedwel , or of Housleek , each half an ounce , of crude Mercury two drachms ; stir them about in a leaden Mortar , with a leaden Pestle , till they acquire the consistence of a Liniment . The foresaid Liniments are to be put into the Womb with a long Tent , or with a Wax-Candle , wrapt round with a Rag : But Injections may be much easier used . Take of Barly-Water half a pint , of the Waters of Night-shade , and Plantain , each two ounces , of the Water of Speedwel one ounce , of the white Troches of Rhasis two drachms , of Sacharum Saturni one drachm : Make an injection . If the Pain be very violent add to four ounces of the Injection one ounce of the Syrup of Popies . Foment the part affected with the Waters of Plantain and Night-shade , or with the decoction of them , whereunto may be added the Leaves of Water-lillies , white Poppies , and red Roses and Camphor ; which Decoction may be also frequently injected into the Womb , and it will be much more effectual , if it be stirr'd about in a leaden Mortar , or if Sacharum Saturni be mixed with it . Among Specificks , are commended Frogs wash'd and boil'd , and apply'd instead of a Cataplasm , or a decoction of them injected ; also , the decoction or juice of River-crabs injected into the Womb , or Herb-Robert taken inwardly or apply'd . If the Cancer be ulcerated the Dose of the Minerals to be added to the foresaid Linimenss must be increas'd . and the Ashes of River-Crabs may be conveniently added to them ; but with the Injections may be mixt the white Troches of Rhasis and Barly-water . If the Pain be very violent , Fomentations of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Water-lillies , Poppies , Henbane , green Coriander , Dill , of the seed of Psyllium , Milk , Saffron , and the like , may be used by Intervals , or a Cataplasm made of them may be apply'd , with which also Decoctions , Injections and Baths may be also prepar'd . But all these things are not sometimes sufficient to appease the violent Pain , which sometimes will not suffer the sick to sleep or rest , so that we are forced sometimes to use Narcoticks ; and indeed , they are not injurious in this Disease . I knew a Woman that was afflicted with a Cancer in her Breast , who took every Night for four Months two or three Grains of Laudanum , and was much reliev'd by it . If much Blood flow from a Cancer ulcerated , as it often happens , inject into the Womb the juice of Plantain , with a little Frankincense . CHAP. CII . Of a Gangrene and Mortification of the Womb. A Gangrene is an incipient Mortification ; this Disease is easily generated in a Womans Privities , because those Parts are very moist and soft , and easily receive the Excrements of the whole Body ; it often succeeds an Inflammation , Absess or Ulcer ill cured , when the vital heat of the part is suffocated and destroy'd , it is suffocated in great Inflammations , when more Blood flows in , than the innate heat of the part can digest ; 't is destroy'd either by a cold Intemperies that extinguishes it , or by an hot that dissipates and resolves it . An incipient Gangrene is known by an unusual heat that is perceiv'd in the part ; a shaking and shivering also invades , with a languid and frequent Pulse , and with Fainting , and because most commonly this Disease is chiefly seated on the Neck of the Womb , and so the part affected may be seen , that appears soft , livid , black and cadaverous , and may be prick'd and cut without feeling , and sends forth a fetid and cadaverous Stink . As to the prognostick , this Disease is very dangerous and most commonly deadly . But it has been observed by many Authors , that the Womb having been corrupted or gangren'd has fallen off of its own accord , or has been cut off , and the Woman has done well . The Cure is to be perform'd by the same Remedies wherewith the Gangrenes of the other parts us'd to be cur'd ; if the Gangrene be in the neck of the Womb , or tend towards the external parts , Scarification must be us'd , and a decoction of Wormwood , Myrrh and the like ; also Unguentum Aegyptiacum , and a Cataplasm made of the three Meals . Take of the Meals of Barly , Beans and Orobus , each two ounces , of Oxymell , one pint ; boil them to the consistenee of a Cataplasm , but it will be more effectual , if you add the Meal of Lupines , Myrrh , Aloes and Wormwood . But if it be wholly corrupted it must be cut off , or in a falling of the Womb it must be bound by degrees harder and harder , till at length it falls off , of which Operations Schenkius has collected many Observations . In the whole course of the Cure , Corroboratives must be us'd , and emollient cleansing and cooling Glisters must be frequently injected . CHAP CIII . Of a Dropsie and Inflation of the Womb. THE Inflation and Dropsie are confounded by almost all Authors , but they are to be distinguish'd ; for there is a certain Inflation of the Womb which ought not to be call'd a Dropsie , viz. when the Womb is inflated and stretch'd suddenly by Wind rushing in , upon which account a violent pain is occasioned , as it happens in the Cholick ; and , therefore , if this Inflation does not last long , it does not deserve the name of a Dropsie ; such an one is often in hysterick Diseases . Wherefore , a Dropsie of the Womb is twofold ; one from Wind , which is like a Timpany ; another , from a watry Humour , which is like the Dropsie of the Belly : Some add a third , from Phlegm . And first of Wind , contain'd in the cavity of the Womb. Sennertus mentions an observation in a Woman , That when she thought she was with Child and about to be deliver'd , evacuated a great quantity of Wind , and her Belly presently asswag'd . He also mentions Observations of great quantities of Water , contain'd in the cavity of the Womb. But Authors testifie , That Water is sometimes contain'd in Bladders , and excluded in them , and sometimes a Dropsie of the Womb is complicated with being with Child , as Fabricius Hildanus relates of his own Wife . As to the Diagnostick of this Disease , many things are to be inquir'd into ; first , how this particular Dropsie of the Womb may be distinguish'd from an universal Dropsie ; secondly , how the Species of it may be known , viz. Whether it proceeds from Wind , Water or Phlegm ; thirdly , Whether it arise primarily from the Womb , or be occasion'd by the fault of some other part ; fourthly , Whether the peccant Matter be contain'd in the cavity of the VVomb , or within the Membranes of it , or in Bladders ; fifthly , How it may be distinguish'd from other Tumours of the VVomb ; sixthly , How it may be distinguish'd from being with Child ; seventhly , How it may be distinguish'd from a Mola . As to the first Question , 't is distinguish'd from an universal Dropsie ; for that in a Dropsie of the VVomb the Tumour possesses more the bottom of the VVomb , but an universal Dropsie extends equally the whole Belly ; besides , in a Dropsie of the VVomb , there is not so soon a paleness and wasting of the whole Body , as in an universal Dropsie , in which also most commonly there is considerable Drought , and dryness of the Tongue , but not in a Dropsie of the VVomb ; and also in this , all the Symptoms are much milder , and the hardness when 't is from VVind , or the fluctuation when 't is occasion'd by VVater , do not possess so great a space , as in an universal Dropsie . And , lastly , in a Dropsie of the VVomb , wind breaks out by Intervals , or a little water flows out , which manifestly shew , that wind or water is contain'd in it . To the second Question we answer in the following manner : The Species of a Dropsie in the VVomb are thus distinguish'd ; if it be occasion'd by wind , the bottom of the Belly sounds , being struck ; there are pricking pains in the belly , which sometimes run through the Diaphragm , Stomach , Loins , Navel and other parts ; and sometimes the wind does evidently break through the Neck of the VVomb , and the VVomen perceive the VVomb to rise up often to the Stomach like a Ball ; breathing is sometimes difficult , the Disease grows worse upon eating or drinking , and they often belch , and are better after it , and they are often troubl'd with Mother-fits : They sometimes perceive a pain in the region of the Hypogaster , so that they can't bear an Hand laid upon it ; these Signs are also in an inflation of the Womb ; but there is this difference , for as we said before , an inflation is but for a small space , but a Dropsie from wind continues much longer . But if a Dropsie of the Womb is occasion'd by Water , that Region appears soft and flaccid , for Wind causes a Tension ; there is a greater weight in the part , and a sound as it were of Water floating , and Water sometimes drops from the part . And , lastly , if it proceed from Phlegm , there is a greater softness and flaccidity of the part , which daily increases and afflicts the neighbouring Parts , viz. the Hypogaster , the Pubes Perineum and Loins , with an Oedematous swelling . As to the third Question , if there be Signs of the whole Bodies being ill affected , as by acute or long Fevers , by immoderate Hemorrhagies , by weakness of the Stomach , swellings of the Liver or Spleen , or by other obstinate Diseases of those parts , with which the Dropsie of the Womb began and increased with them , there is good reason to conjecture , That the matter of the Dropsie is receiv'd in those parts ; but if when the whole Body is well , such a Tumour happens , and succeeds particular Diseases of the Womb , as hard Labour , suppression of the Courses , or too large an evacuation of them , or Ulcers and Tumors , we may guess that the Dropsie of the Womb proceeds from them . To the fourth Question we answer , That the Matter which is contained in the cavity of the Womb , causes a much greater Tumor than when 't is contain'd within the Membranes . To the fifth Question we answer , That a Dropsie of the Womb may be distinguish'd from Tumors that proceed from a Phlegmon or an Erysipelas , because in these there is a Fever and Pain upon the least touching ; it may be distinguish'd from a Scirrhus or cancerous Tumour , by the hardness that resists the Finger upon touching . To the sixth Question we answer , That when a Woman is with Child , the Tumor is not equal and depress'd , but thrusts it self out above the Navel . Secondly , when a Woman is with Child , after some Months she is better most commonly ; but the longer a Dropsie lasts , the worser it grows . Thirdly , in a Woman with Child , the motion of the Fetus is manifestly felt , after the third or forth Month , which does not happen in a Dropsie ; yet sometimes when a Dropsie arises from Wind , a Palpitation is perceiv'd in the Womb ; but it may be easily distinguished from the motion of a Child , because 't is more equal , and is wont to possess more parts of the Belly . Fourthly , when a Woman is with Child the Breasts swell , but in a Dropsie they grow small . To the seventh Question we answer , That in a Mola there is a weight felt in the Belly , which is not perceiv'd in a Dropsie of the Womb ; and when the sick lye on either side , a weight is perceiv'd , as if a Stone roll'd thither . Moreover , in a Mola there are violent Fluxes of the Courses by Intervals , viz. every third of fourth Month , which does not happen in a Dropsy of the Womb. And , lastly , in a Mola the Breasts swell , and have Milk in them sometimes ; but there is no such thing in a Dropsie . As to the Prognostick , a simple Inflation of the Womb is not dangerous ; but if it continue long , it may turn to a Dropsie . If Wind or Water be contain'd in the cavity of the Womb , 't is easier cur'd than when 't is included in the Membranes or in Bladders . The Cure of this Disease is perform'd in a manner by the same Remedies which are propos'd for the Cure of a Dropsie or the Green-sickness , but some things that are peculiar to this Disease must be added . And first , as to bleeding in a recent Disease occasion'd by an obstruction of the Courses , and there being a fulness of Blood , it may be proper , otherwise 't is injurious . But Purging is always necessary , and it must be often repeated ; and after sufficient Purging , Aperitives , Diureticks , and such things as move the Courses must be us'd ; to which may be added the following . Take of the Roots of Smallage and Madder , each half an ounce , of the Leaves of Savine , Feverfew and Penny-royal , each one pugil , of the Seeds of Daucus , one drachm ; boil them in the Broath of young Pidgeons , and let her take it strain'd in a Morning for many days , but before she takes the Broath , let her swallow one of the following Pills . Take of the best Castor , Myrrh and Madder , each half a drachm , of Saffron one scruple , with the juice of Lemons ; make nine Pills . After the use of which Medicines violent Exercise must be us'd , that thereby the Excrements bred in the Bowels and in the habit of the Body may be dissipated ; and also , all that which is contain'd in the Womb , the Skins being broken by the violence of the exercise . And if the Woman vomit easily , 't will be proper to vomit her twice a Week , whereby not only the Humors flowing to the Womb may be recall'd and evacuated , but also the Skins sticking to the Womb , and sometimes containing a watry Humour , may perchance be broken , and so the ill Humors may flow out . The following Bolus is very effectual to discuss the Humour contain'd in the Womb. Take of Mineral Borox half a drachm , of Saffron half a scruple , with the juice of Savin ; make a Bolus , to be taken twice a week . Sudorificks are also very proper in this Disease , for by them the watry Humours contained in the Womb , or the whole Body , may be discuss'd and evacuated . In the mean while the heat of the Stomach must be strengthened by things taken inwardly , and outwardly apply'd . And outwardly must be apply'd proper topical Remedies to strengthen the Womb , and to discuss the Humors contain'd in it . And first , may be prepar'd Fomentations and Baths , made of a decoction of the Roots of Briony and wild Cucumber , of the Leaves of Dwarf-elder , Mercury-elder , wild Marjoram , Calaminth , Wormwood , Rue , Sage , Marjoram , Thyme , Bays , Penny-royal , Mugwort , of the Seeds of Broom , Daucus , Cummin , Annise , Fennel , Laurel-borries and Juniper-berries , the Flowers of Camomile , Melilote and Rosemary , of which may be made Bags to be boil'd in Wine , or the foresaid things may be boil'd in a Lee made of the ashes of the Twigs of a Vine . But that the foremention'd Fomentations may operate the better , they must be applied before and behind , and the Sick ought to sweat , if she can , in the Bed , or in a Bath . In a windy Dropsie dry Fomentations are more beneficial with Bags made of Gromwel , Salt , Cummin and Bran , torrefied in a Frying-Pan , and sprinkled with Wine . After the Fomentation , anoint the Belly with the Oils of Nard , Dill , Rue , Wormwood , and Southernwood , which if they are drawn chymically will be much more effectual . After you have anointed the Belly apply the Plaster of Laurel-berries , or a Cataplasm of Cow-Dung , Sheeps-Dung , of the Seeds of Smallage , Parsly , Cummin and boiled Hony. For the same use is commended the Skin of a Sheep newly kill'd , and sprinkled with hot Wine . Glisters must be also frequently injected made of a Decoction of Wormwood , wild Marjoram , Pennyroyal , Rue , Centory and the like , or with Oils of Rue , Nuts , Dill and White-wine or Mallago-Sack , wherein must be dissolv'd Benedictum Laxativum , Turpentine , Rosemary , Hony and the like . Injections for the Womb may be prepar'd in the following manner , to evacuate the Humours contain'd in it . Take of the Roots of Asarabacca three drachms , of the Leaves of Pennyroyal and Calaminth each one handful , of the Seeds of Savine one pugil , of Mechoacan one drachm , of the seeds of Annise and Cummin , each half a drachm ; boil them , and in the strain'd Liquor dissolve of Oil of Orrice and of Elder , each one ounce , in six ounces of the Liquor , and make an Injection . For the same Use Pessaries may be made in the following manner . Take of Coloquintida and Mechoacan each one dracm , of Salt of Niter half a scruple , with a sufficient quantity of boil'd Hony , make a Pessary . Or , Take of Elaterium half a drachm , of Figs bruis'd a sufficient quantity , make a Pessary . When the Inflation is occasion'd by Wine , a Fume made of Nutmegs and conveyed through a Tunnel has done much good . And in the same case a Cupping-Glass applied to the Navel , with much Flame , discusses Wind powerfully . But when the Disease is humoral , Issues in the Legs discharge the Filth of the Womb by degrees . The Bath-waters used inwardly and outwardly , are also very good , if the Body be not very hot . For the Pain of the Womb , which often afflicts the Sick in this Disease , Amatus Lucitanus commends the Water or Decoction of Camomel , four or five Ounces , of it being taken at a time . And lastly , if an Inflation happen after Delivery there is no need of any other Cleansing than that of the Womb ; but if it does not proceed well , it must be helpt by drawing Pessaries , and by Cupping-Glasses applied to the Thighs , and by other Remedies prescrib'd for the Stoppage of the Courses ; and if Wind be the cause , the Fume of Nutmegs above-proposed is very proper . CHAP. CIV . Of a Falling of the Womb. FOR the Cure of this Distemper regard must be had to two things ; the first is to reduce the Womb into its natural Place , and the second is to strengthen it , and keep it there . For the Execution of the first , which is to reduce it , if the Womb be quite out or turned , the Woman must first of all render her Urine , and a Glister must be given , if it be necessary , to empty the gross Excrements that are in the right-Gut , that so the Reduction may be the easier perform'd ; then place her on her Back , with her Hips rais'd a little higher than her Head , and then foment all that is fallen out with a little Wine and Water luke-warm , and with a soft Rag put it up into its proper Place , thrusting back not all at once , but waging it by little and little from side to side , in case this be too painful , because 't is already too big and swell'd ; anoint it with Oil of Almonds , for the more easie reduction of it , being careful as soon as 't is reduc'd , to wipe off the Oil as much as may be , to avoid a Relapse : But if notwithstanding all this , the Womb cannot be put up , because 't is very much inflamed and tumified , which happens when it has been a long time so , without the use of necessary means , during which time it is continually moistned with Urine and other Excrements , which contribute very much to its Corruption , in this case there is great danger that 't will gangrene . Also the second part of this Cure , which consists in the retention of the Womb in its place , and the strengthning of it ; It will be done by a convenient situation ▪ Let the Woman , for this purpose , keep her self in Bed , on her Back , having her Hips a little raised , her Legs something crossed , and her Thighs join'd together , to prevent the falling of it out again ; but the best way is to put up a Pessary into the Neck of the Womb , to keep it firm . There are two or three sorts of them made for this purpose , the Figures of them may be seen in Moriceau's Midwifery ; see Page 311. Take of Oak-Bark two ounces , boil it in two quarts of Fountain-Water , add at the latter end one ounce of Pomegranate-Peel bruis'd , red Roses , Pomegranate-Flowers , each two handfuls , and then add half a pint of red Wine , strain it , and bath the part affected with Flannels dipt in it , in the Morning , two hours before the Woman rises , and at Night , when she is in Bed ; continue the use of it 'till the Symptom is quite gone . CHAP. CV . Of Barrenness . AS to the Cure of Barrenness , too much Fat must be corrected by an orderly Diet , and by convenient Evacuation . Such as are of a robust and manly constitution must be reduc'd to a womanly state by all means ; they must forbear strong Meats and Labour , and the Coarses must be forced , and by Bleeding and Purging , and the like , the Habit of the Body must be rendred moist and cold . If from Distortion , Obstruction , Tumors or Ulcers of the Womb , or from its being shut , Barrenness is occasion'd , proper Remedies must be applied . If too hot an Intemperies be the cause , it must be corrected , so must immoderate siccity by Milk and Bathing . But the most frequent Cause of Barrenness is a cold and moist Intemperies of the whole Body , and of the Womb , which the Whites often accompany , and for the Cure in this case , the Whites must be cur'd by the Method prescrib'd in the Chapter for the Whites , and the following things must be order'd , which are peculiarly proper for the said Intemperies , which may be varied according to the discretion of the Physician , so as that they may heat more , or dry more , according as Humidity or Frigidity exceeds . And first , the flegmatick Humors , stagnating in the Body , must be evacuated by Medicines that purge , sweat and force Urine ; and Revulsion must be made by Issues in the Arms , Neck and Legs , and the principal Parts must be strengthned by Treacle , Mithridate , Confection of Alkermes and the like . Aftewards such things must be us'd as are proper by a specific quality to strengthen the Womb and to help Conception . Take of the Roots Eryngo and Satyrion candied , each one ounce ; of green Ginger candied , half an ounce ; of Hazel-Nuts , Pine-Nuts and Pistaches , each six drachms ; one Nutmeg candied ; of the Seeds of Rocket and Cresses each two drachms ; of the Ashes of a Bulls-Pisle , of the Reins of Scinks , and of the Raspings of Ivory each one drachm ; of Confection of Alkermes , three drachms ; of Diambra and sweet Diamoch each one ounce and an half ; of Ambergrise half a drachms , with the Syrup of candid Citrons , make an Electuary ; let her take the quantity of a Nutmeg at Bed-time , drinking upon it a Glass of good Wine . Some count the Secondine of a Woman dried and powder'd very effectual , one drachm of it being taken . The Seeds of Bishop's Weed is also much commended . Many good Authors affirm , That if a Woman drink six ounces of the Juice of Garden-Sage with a little Salt , the fourth Day of her menstrous Purgation , and a quarter of an hour after has Conversation with her Husband , she will infallibly conceive : And by the use of this Remedy , Aetius says , the Egyptian Women became fruitful after a great Plague . Topicks are also to be used , but purging must always go before . Take of Diaphenicon and Hierapicra , each half an ounce ; of Turpentine and Mercurial Hony , each one ounce ; of Castor one drachm : Mingle them , and reduce them to a convenient consistence , that Pessaries may be made for the Womb. If the Womb abound with a great quantity of Excrements , a stronger Pessary may be made in the following manner : But this injection must be first used . Take of the Leaves of Wormwood , Mugwort , Mercury and Rue , each one handful and an half ; of the Pulp of Coloquintida one scruple ; of Agarick trochiscated , half a drachm ; of Ginger and Myrrh each one scruple ▪ Make a Decoction in Water and White-Wine to a Pint , in which dissolve two ounces of Hony of Roses : Let three ounces of this Decoction be injected for three or four days , morning and evening , after the Flux of the courses ; and afterwards immit the following Pessary . Take of Hiera picra and of Benedictum Laxativum , each one ounce ; of the Pulp of Coloquintida and of Agarick trochiscated , each half a drachm ; of Spikenard and of the Seeds of Roman Nigella , and of the Leaves of Savine powder'd , each one drachm : let them be incorporated with Rosemary-Hony , and put them up in Silk , and make Pessaries ; let one be put into the Privities at Bed-time , and let it remain there two hours ; afterwards let the part be washed with White-wine . To bind , strengthen and dry the Womb the following Medicines may be us'd . Take of round Birthwort , half an ounce ; of Wood of Aloes , three drachms ; of Cypress-nutts , and of the Roots of Cypress , each two drachms ; of sweet-smelling Flag , one drachm ; of the Leaves of Dittany of Crete , and of Savory and Myrtles , each one handful ; of choice Myrrh , Storax Calamit and Benzoin , each two drachms and an half ; of the Flowers of Stechas , Rosmary and Marjoram , each one pugil : Boil them in a sufficient quantity of good White-Wine ; in a pint of the strain'd Liquor dissolve of the Troches of Alipta moschata two drachms ; of Ambergreese and of Musk , each seven grains ; of Civet five grains : Make an Injection Morning and Evening , hot , for some Days . Before or after the Injection the following Fume may be used . Take of the Troches of Gallia and Alipta moschata , each two drachms , of Storax Calamit , Benzoin and pure Labdanum , each half an ounce ; of Wood of Aloes and of Rhodium , each one ounce ; of the Seeds of Roman Nigella , Cubebs and Cloves , each four scruples , of Amber and Tacamahaca , each one drachm and an half ; of Mace half a drachm : Make a Powder , and with Gum Tragacanth dissolv'd in Orange-flower-water , make Troches ; whereof let one or two be cast upon the Coals , and let the Fume be received through a Tunnel . Poor People may be fumed with equal Parts of Myrrh , Franckincense , Wood of Aloes , Storax , Benzoin , Cinnamon and Cloves . After the Injections and Fume the following Pessary may be used . Take of Frankincense and Mastick , each two drachms ; of the Troches of Gallia and Alypta Moschata , each four scruples ; of the Roots of Bistort , of Cypress-Nuts , shavings of Ivory and of red Roses , each one drachm ; of Storax , Benzoin and Labdanum , each two scruples ; of sweet-smelling Flag and Cyprus , each half a drachm : Moisten them with Orange-Flower-Water , and with a fine Rag make two Pessaries of a due magnitude , whereof let one be used at Bed-time , the top of it being anointed with Oil of Nutmegs and Civet mixed . Before the strengthning Injections and the Fumes , the Sick may use the following Bath . Take of the Roots of Briony , Masterwort , Valerian , Orris , Elecampane ; each three ounce ; of the Leaves of Marjoram , Mugwort , Catminte , Pennyroyal , Mercury , Sage , Lawrel , each four handfuls ; of the Berries of Lawrel and Juniper , each one ounce : Boil them for a Bath . But sulphurous and Bituminous Baths are the best , as our Bath-waters , and the like , to which such Women fly as to an Asylum . After the Bath and Fume , the Region of the Pubes and Perinoeum must be anointed with the following Liniment . Take of Nard-oil , one ounce and an half ; of Oil of Wall-flowers , half an ounce ; of Diambra and Dimosh , each one drachm and an half ; of liquid Storax , one drachm ; of Civet half a scruple ; of Musk and Ambergrise , each six grains : with a little white Wax make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the said Parts , and anoint within with Civet , or with natural Indian Balsam . Lastly , let Plasters be applied to the Perineum and the Loins , and let rhem be worn continually . Take of the Plaster for the Matrix four ounces , of the Plaster of Mastick two ounces ; of Gum Tachamacha and Caranna , each one ounce ; of the Powder of the Roots of Tormentil and Bistort , each three ounces ; of the Powder of Myrtles two drachms ; of Aromatic Rosat , four scruples ; moisten them with Oil of Quinces , and with a drachm of Oil of Nutmegs , spread two Plasters upon Leather , the one round for the Pubes , and the other square for the Loins . CHAP. CVI. Of Miscarriage . MIscarriage is the Exclusion of an imperfect or unripe Child , and consequently a Child dead in the Womb is not said abortive till it is excluded ; so that whether alive or dead Child be brought forth not being ripe , nor having attained to the just growth in the Womb , it is to be termed abortive . The causes of Abortion are some Internal , some External ; the Internal may be reduced to four Heads , viz. to the Humors , to the Child , to the Womb , and to the Disease of the Mother . The Humors may occasion Abortion , when they offend in quantity or quality . They offend in quantity , either by way of excess or defect . The quantity is excessive in a Plethora ; for there being more Blood than is requisit to nourish the Fetus , it flows into the Veins of the Womb , and is excluded like the monthly Courses , and so the Child comes away with it . There is too small a quantity of the nutritious Humor when the Child's nourishment is by any means lessened , as by Fasting , whether volunary or forced ; and when Women with Child nauseat all sorts of Food , or vomit it up again : Likewise , by reason of a thin Diet in acute Diseases , or by an immoderate evacuation of Blood : Likewise , by reason of extream leanness of the whole Body . In respect of the Child , Abortion may happen if it be over great , so that it cannot by reason of its bulk be contained in the Womb ; and for this reason little Women often miscarry , especially if they are married to Men bigger than ordinary , whose Children grow very great , and find not in the Womb a space large enough to contain them , till they come to their perfect growth ; also , plurality of Children may occasion Abortion , as when two or three , or more , are contained in the Womb at one time . The Womb it self occasions Abortion , if it be not large and capacious enough to widen it self sufficiently according as the Child grows , or if there be any thing preternatural in the Womb , as an Inflammation , a Scirrhus , or Imposthume , or the like ; or if the Womb be over moist and slack , so that it cannot contain the Child so well as it ought to do . Abortion comes two ways from the Diseases of the Mother : First , when her Diseases are communicated to the Child , whereby it is killed or so weakned , that it cannot receive due nourishment nor growth ; such are continual Fevers and Agues , the French Pox , and many such like . Secondly , when the said Diseases of the Mother cause great Evacuations , or great Commotions of the Body ; as large Bleeding from what part of the Body soever , Fluxes of the Belly , grievous Swooning , Falling-sickness , Vomiting and a Tenesmus , which above all other Diseases is wont to cause Abortion . External Causes which further Abortion , do some of them kill the Child , others draw away it 's nourishment , and others dissolve those Bands wherewith the Child is fastned to the Womb. The Child is killed by great Commotions of the Mind , as by Anger , Sadness , Frights , and the like ; by Meats earnestly longed for , and not obtained ; by strong purging Medicines , by things that provoke the Courses , and by those things that expel the Child , and by such things as are reckoned by a Specifick Quality to destroy the Child in the Womb , by abominable Smells ; especially the stink of a Candle ill put out . Violent Exercise dissolves the Bands that fasten the Child to the Womb ; as Dancing , Running , Riding , Jolting in a Coach or Cart , carrying or lifting from the Ground a heavy Weight , a violent Fall , a Blow on the Belly , vehement Motion of the Belly , by Coughing , Vomiting , Looseness , Sneezing , Convulsions , Crying-out , immoderate or over-wanton Embraces , and in a word , vehement motion of the Arms , the turning a Wheel , or doing some such work , may exceedingly promote Abortion . The Signs of present Abortion are manifest of themselves ; but such as go before Abortion , and prognosticate the same , are these : An unusual heaviness of the Loins and Hips , an unwillingness to stir , Appetite gone , shivering and shaking coming by Fits , pain of the Head , especially about the Roots of the Eyes , a straitening of the Sides and Belly above the Navel , the flagging or falling , and extenuation of the Dugs ; but if frequent pains , and almost continual Torment , the Reins and Loins reaching towards the Share , as far as the Os sacrum , with endeavours to evacuate the Womb , certainly the Woman will shortly miscarry . If from violent external Causes , such as are a Blow , a Fall , and the like , vehement Pain and Perturbation arise in a Woman with Child ; she ought to keep her Bed three days or longer . As to the Prognosticks , Women are more endangered by Abortion than by a true and timely Birth , because it is more violent and unseasonable ; for as in ripe Fruit , the Stalks are loosened from the Boughs , and the Fruit falls off of it self ; so in a natural Birth , the Vessels and Ligaments wherewith the Child is tyed to the Womb are loosened and untyed , as it were , of their own accord , which in Abortion must needs be vioiently broken asunder . Abortion is most dangerous in the sixth , seventh and eighth Month. Our ordinary Women say , A miscarrying Woman is half with Child again . The Cure of Abortion consists in Preservation ; for that which is past , cannot be helpt : But all the Symtoms which follow Abortion , are the same which accompany Women duly brought to bed . The preservation from Abortion consists principally in these two things ; the one concerns the Woman before she is with Child , and the other when she is with Child . Before the Woman is with Child , all Indispositions of the Body , which are wont to cause Abortion , must be removed ; as fulness of Blood , ill Humours , and peculiar Diseases of the Womb , viz. Intemperies , Swellings , Ulcers , and the like . Fulness of Blood opens the Veins of the Womb , or strangles the Infant while it is in the Womb ; this , if it be a pure and simple Plenitude , may be cured by Blood-letting , such as shall answer the quantity of Blood superabounding . A Cacochymy is either Cholerick , and partaking of Acrimony , so as to open the Orifices of the Veins , or by provoking Nature ; it stirs up the expulsive Faculty , whereby the Child comes to be expelled with those ill Humours ; or it suffocates the Child , by reason of plenty of Excrements heap'd together in the first Region , and distending the Belly ; or it vitiates the Blood in the whole Body , rendring it unfit to nourish the Child ; or it fills the Vessels of the Womb which retain the Child , with a slymy moisture . Bleeding may be also used for this Cacochymy , in a small quantity ; but the chiefest way of Cure is by frequent Purging , that the superfluous Excrements of the Body may be evacuated ; and betwixt Purge and Purge , such things must be used as asswage the Intemperies of the Bowels , and the Acrimony of the Humors if there be any , and thicken the said Humors , in case they be too thin , and if flegmatick Humors abound , they must be discussed with Sudorificks and Diureticks , and other Remedies ; howbeit , we must diligently observe , that whatever ill Humors abound , Issues are very proper to prevent Abortion ; of which Zacutus Lusitanus gives a special note in these words : By most happy Experiments I have observed , That frequent Abortion caused by corrupted Humors , which flow from the whole Body to the Womb , and by their evil disposition or abundance kill the Child , is hereby , as by a most present help , prevented ; many Women have miscarried on this account , among whom some having oftentimes brought a Child of seven Months , or four Months growth , torn and putrified , cou'd by no other means be freed from so great a Calamity , save by Issues made in their Arms and Thighs , which were always made at the beginning of the Fluxion ; by which means they went out their time , and brought forth Children healthy , and not defiled with any Infection . The peculiar Diseases of the Womb , as over-great Moisture , Swellings , Ulcers , and such like , must be cured by their proper Remedies . If these Diseases happen when a Woman is with Child , the difficulty is greater , because big-bellied Women cannot so easily bear all kind of Remedies ; yet , lest being destitute of all help , they should remain in extream danger of Miscarriage and Death , some kind of Remedies are to be used . In case , therefore , the Patient be too full of Blood , she must have a Vein opened , tho' she be with Child , especially in the first Months , and so twice or thrice if need be , always remembring that there never be much Blood taken away at a time . And when there is abundance of some ill Humors , gentle Purging must be repeated , especially in the middle Months ; and if a moist and flatulent , or slymy Intemperies annoy the Patient , we may sometimes proceed to a Sudorifick Diet , at least a gentle one , in the strongest sort of Women . In the mean while , these astringent and strengthening Medicines are to be used all the time the Woman is with Child , that are proper to hinder Abortion . Take of Kermes-berries and Tormentil-roots , each three ounces , of Mastich , one drachm and an half ; make a Powder , of which give now and then half a drachm , or as much as will lie on the point of a Knife . Or , Take of red Coral , two drachms , Kermes-berries , Date-stones , each one drachm , shavings of Ivory half a drachm , of Pearls not bor'd , one scruple ; make a Powder . Or , let her take every day in the morning , some grains of Mastich . Our ordinary Women use frequently Plantain-seed , which they take in the morning to the quantity of half a drachm with Wine and Water , or in an Egg , or Broath , or by it self , almost every day , all the while they are with Child , and with good success . To the same purpose , very effectual Electuaries are compounded , according to the following Example . Take of Conserve of Roses , two ounces , of Citron-peel candied , six drachms , of Myrabolans candied , of the pulp of Dates , each half an ounce , of Coral prepared , Pearl prepared , and shavings of Hartshorn , each one drachm , with syrup of Quinces ; make an Electuary , of which let the Patient take often the quantity of a Nutmeg . If a Liquor be more pleasing , a Decoction of Tormentil-roots sweet'ned with Conserve of Roses , may be given successfully . The following Lozenges are very good ; for they strengthen , and by little and little free the Body from Excrements , though they do not sensibly purge sometimes . Take of Mace , of the three sorts of Sanders , Rhubarb , Sena , Coral , Pearl , each one scruple , of Sugar dissolved in Rose-water , four ounces ; make all into Lozenges , weighing three drachms apiece . Let her take one twice a week by it self , or dissolved in a little Broath . Ointments and Plasters are to be applied outwardly . Take of Ship-pitch , half an ounce , of Frankincense one ounce , Mastich half an ounce , Dragons blood and red Roses , each two drachms ; make a Cerecloath . Or , Take of Oil of Myrtles and Mastich , each one ounce , of red and yellow Sanders , Hypocistis and Acacia , each half an ounce , of Spodium and red Roses , each two drachms , of Bole-armonick , seal'd Earth , Ivory , each two scruples , of Turpentine washed in Plantain-water , one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Wax ; make a Cereloath , spread it on Cloath , and apply it to the Reins , Or , Take of the Plaster for the Matrix three ounces , of Bistort-roots , Acacia , Hypocistis , Pomgranat-peels , each half an ounce , of Labdanum , six drachms ; soften them with the juice of Quinces , and make a Plaster for the use aforesaid . As to Plasters it is to be noted , That they must not be worn long together , but taken off now and then ; otherwise , if they stick too long upon the Back , they do so heat the Kidnies , that sometimes they occasion an heat of Urine , and the voiding by Urine Sand , Stones , yea Blood it self . Nor are those things to be omitted , which are accounted Specificks for retaining the Child in the Womb , as the Eagle's stone worn about the Neck , a Load-stone applied to the Navel , Corals , Jaspers , Smaragds , Bones found in the Hearts of Stags , and such like , worn under the Arm-pits or hanged about the Neck . But that the success of these Medicines may be good , the Patient must be ordered to rest , and to keep her self as quiet as possibly she can , both in Body and Mind , and to abstain from Coition , which does much disquiet the Womb ; for whilst the Womb opens it self to receive the Semen , with which it is much delighted , it drops out the tender Fetus , not yet well setled in the Womb. But if notwithstanding the Medicines aforesaid , by reason of the vehemency of the Cause , whether it be external or internal , the Patient be ready to miscarry , we must do the best we can with these following Remedies . And , in the first place , so soon as Pains and Throws shall be perceived to be in the lower parts of the Belly , towards the Pubis , in the Loins , and about the Os sacrum , we must seek to allay and stop them , both by Medicines taken inwardly , and outwardly applied , according to the variety of the Causes ; for if Abortion be caused by Crudities and Wind ( which is most usual when it begins from an internal Cause , ) a Powder must be given , made of Aromaticum Rosatum and Coriander-seeds ; and we may give of the Aqua Imperialis , if Phlegm and Wind abound . At the same time let Carminative Medicines be applied below the Navel of the Patient ; such are , Bags of Anniseeds , Fennel-seeds , Fenugreek-seeds , Flowers of Camomile , Elder , Rosemary and Stechas mixed together ; or a Rose-cake fried in a Pan with rich Canary , and sprinkled with Powder of Nutmegs and Coriander-seeds , or the Gaul of a Wether newly kill'd , or his Lungs laid on warm , If by these means the pains cease not , let a Glister be injected made of Wine and Oil , wherein two drachms of Philonium Romanum may be dissolved , or Narcoticks may be given inwardly in a small quantity , to allay the violence of the Humors and Wind , as we are wont to do in the pains of the Cholick . But if by reason of contumacious pains that will not be asswaged , or of the violence of some external cause , Blood begins to come away , Medicines that cause Revulsion are to be applied to turn the course of the Blood from the Womb ; such are , Frictions of the upper parts and painful Ligatures , also Cupping-glasses fastened to the Shoulder-blades under the Dugs , and under the short Ribs on both sides ; and if the Woman be full of Blood , it will not be amiss to take some blood from her , when she begins to void blood , and especially before it begins to come ; and the blood must be taken away at several times , a little at once . And if the flux of blood continues , we must proceed to an astringent and thickening Diet and Medicines , and so the Powders and Electuaries before described may be administred ; also juice of Plantain new drawn , and syrup of Poppies to the quantity of an ounce , with Powder of Bole-armenick or Dragons-blood . Also binding and astringent Fomentations may be used outwardly , made of Pomgranate-peels , Cypress-nuts , Acorn-cups , Baclaustins , Grape-stones and the like boiled in Smiths water and red Wine . Or a little bag full of red Roses and Balaustins may be boiled , and applied hot to the Patient's Belly . The above-mentioned Plasters and Cere-cloaths may be used ; and to bind more , make a Pultiss of astringent Powders , with Turpentine and whites of Eggs , spread it upon Tow or course Flax , and apply it to the Navel and Reins warm : The Tow that is to be applied to the Navel must be moistened with Wine , that which is to be apply'd to the Kidnies , with Vinegar . The two following Medicines are accounted Secrets , and it is believed they will certainly retain the Child in the Womb , if they be used before it be torn from the Vessels of the Womb. Take of Leaves of Gold , number twelve , of Spodium one drachm , the Cock's treading of three Eggs not addled ; mix all very well , till the Gold be broken into small pieces , afterwards dissolve them in a draught of white Wine , and give it three Mornings following . At the same time let the following Cataplasm be applied . Take of Male-frankincense powdered , two ounces , the whites of five Eggs ; let them be stirr'd together over hot Coals ; add Turpentine to make them stick , then spread them upon Tow , and lay them upon her Navel as hot as she can possibly endure them twice a day , Morning and Evening , on the three days aforesaid . CHAP. CVII . Of hard Labour . THAT is said to be hard Labour which does not observe the due and ordinary course of Nature , and longer time is spent in it , and the pains are more violent than usual , and the Symptoms that accompany it are more grievous . Many Causes may be assigned of it , both external and internal : The internal depend on the Mother , the Womb or the Child . As to the Mother , the natural weakness of the whole Body may make the Labour difficult , or her Age , she being too young or too old , or it may be occasioned by Diseases which she had with her Big-belly , Leanness and too much dryness of the Body , or Fat compressing the Passages of the Womb ; the ill conformation of the Bones encompassing the Womb as in those that are Lame , may also occasion it , Wind swelling the Bowels , a Stone , or a preternatural Tumour in the Bladder that presses the Womb , may be the cause ; so may the ill constitution of the Lungs , or of the parts serving Respiration : For the holding of the Breath is very necessary to help the exclusion of the Child . As to the Womb , various Diseases of it may render the Delivery difficult , as Tumors Ulcers , Obstructions , and the like . As to the Child , hard Labour is occasion'd , when by reason it is dead or putrified , or any way diseased , it cannot confer any thing to its own exclusion : Also , when the Body or Head of it is large , or when there are many . So Twins most commonly cause hard Labour , or when it is ill situated , as when the Hands or the Feet offer first , or when one Hand or one Foot comes out , or when it is doubled , or when the Membranes break too soon , so that the Water flows out , and leaves the Orifice of the Womb dry at the time of exclusion , or when the Membranes are too thick , so that they cannot be easily broken by the Child . The external causes depend on things necessary and contingent ; things necessary are those which are commonly call'd Non-natural ; so cold and dry Air , and a North-wind are very injurious to Women in Labour , because they bind the Body , and drive the Blood and Spirits to the inner Parts , and they are very injurious to the Child coming from so warm a place ; also , hot Weather dissipates the Spirits , and weakens the Child , and causes a Fever in an ill habit of Body . Crude Aliments and such as are difficultly concocted , and those that bind , taken in great quantity before Labour , do render it difficult , the Stomach being weakened , and the common Passages contracted , which ought to be very open in this case . Drowsiness hinders the action of the Mother and Child , and shews that Nature is weak . The unseasonable motion of the Woman much retards the delivery ; as when she refuses upon occasion to stand , walk , lie or sit , or flings her self about unadvisedly , so that the Child can not be born the right way , being turned preposterously by the restlesness of the Mother . The retention of such things as should be evacuated at the time of Labour , as of Urine that swells the Bladder , or Excrements in the right Gut ; the Hemorrhoids also much swelled , narrow the neck of the Womb , and so hinder Natures endeavours . And , lastly , violent Passions of the Mind , as Fear , Sorrow and Anger , make the Labour difficult . To things contingent ought to be referred , a Blow , a Fall or a Wound , which may much obstruct Labour ; also , the By-standers , which ought to assist the Woman , viz. strong Women and Maids , which may lift her up just at the time of Delivery , especially a skilful Midwife , which ought to advise in every matter , for if she be unskilful she may make the Labour difficult : For sometimes the Midwife orders the Woman to endeavour an Expulsion , and to stop her Breath when the Ligaments of the Fetus stick firmly to the Womb , so that the Woman is tired before the time of her Delivery . Difficult Labour is known , both by the Woman , by the By-standers , and especially by the Midwife . And , first , if the Woman continue a long time in Labour , viz. two , three , four or more days , whereas a natural Birth is finished in 24 hours . Another Sign of difficult Labour is languid pains , returning at long Intervals ; also , the pains tending backward rather than forward : But the Causes of difficult Labour may be known by the Womans Relation , and most commonly upon sight . So the weakness of the Woman , or leanness , or over-fatness , may be seen by the habit of Body . The Diseases of the Womb may be known by their proper Signs , the weakness of the Child by the weak and slow motion of it : But the signs of a dead Child may be known by the following Chapter . The bigness of the Child may be judged of by the stature of the Parents , especially if a gigantick Man be married to a dwarfish Woman : But when there are none of these Causes , and the Womans and Childs endeavours are strong , and yet the Labour is difficult , it is a sign that the Secundine is so strong , that it cannot be easily broken , and this will be confirmed if no water or moisture flows out in Labour . The preposterous figure of the Fetus may be perceived by the Midwife , and other things , as has been said , by sight . As to the Prognostick , difficult Labour is of it self dangerous , and sometimes the Woman , and sometimes the Child , and sometimes both are extinguished . If a Woman continue in Labour four days , she will hardly escape . Sleepy Diseases and Convulsions coming upon hard Labour , are most commonly deadly . Sneesing coming upon hard Labour , is good . As to the Cure of hard Labour : First , all those things which retard it must , as much as may be , be removed ; afterwards , Medicines that further Labour must be methodically administred . And first , it is common with Women to give a spoonful or two of Cinnamon-water , or Cinnamon powdered with a little Saffron , or half a drachm of Confection of Alkerms in broath , or half a scruple of Saffron alone in some broath , or every hour in a little VVine . Or , Take of Oil of sweet Almonds and of white Wine , each two ounces , of Saffron and Cinnamon , each twelve grains , of Confection of Alkermes , half a drachm , of syrup of Maiden-hair , one ounce and an half ; mingle them , make a Potion . If these things are not sufficient , the following may be used , which I have frequently found very effectual . Take of Dittany , of Crete , and both the Birthworts , and of Troches of Myrrh , each half a scruple , of Saffron and Cinnamon , each twelve grains , of Confection of Alkermes , half a drachm , of Cinnamon-water half an ounce , of Orange-flower-water , and of Mugwort-water , each one ounce ; make a Potion . Oil of Ambar , of Cinnamon , and extract of Saffron are very effectual in a small quantity , viz. five grains of extract of Saffron , four or five drops of Oil of Cinnamon , twelve or fifteen drops of Oil of Ambar , in VVine , Broath , or some other Liquor . Sneesing hastens Delivery ; it may be provoked by the following Powder . Take of white Hellebore , half a drachm , of long Pepper , one scruple , of Castor , five grains , make a Powder ; let the quantity of a Pease , be blown up into the Nostrils . But difficult Labour must be helpt , not only with inward Remedies proposed , but also with external ; let the Midwife , therefore , frequently anoint the VVomb with the Oils of Lillies , sweet Almonds , Linseed and the like ; and let the Belly be fomented with an emollient decoction of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , Lillies , the leaves of Mallows , Violets , Mugwort , of Linseeds , Fenugreek-seeds , of the flowers of Camomile and Melilot . Sharp Glisters are to be injected , by the irritation of which the expulsive faculty of the VVomb will be stimulated , and the Guts being emptied thereby , there will be more room for the VVomb . Anoint the Navel with Oil of Ambar ; and such things as are thought to help Delivery by a specifick quality are to be used , as the Eagle's-stone , the Load-stone , Storax , Calamint and the like bound to the Hips ; and if the Woman has any Gems about her , as in Rings or the like , they must be pull'd off ; for many Women think , that such things retain the Child by a specifick Quality . If the Child seem to be weak , it must be refreshed , by giving strengthening things to the Mother , as hot Wine , Confection of Alkermes , Cinnamon-water , and the like . If the Child begins to come forth preposterously , as with one Arm , or first with the foot , or the like ; the Midwife must thrust them back , and turn the Child right , which may be done by placing the VVoman in a Bed upon her back , with her Head low , and her feet high ; and then force the Child gently into the VVomb , and then the Midwife must endeavour to turn it right , viz. to turn the Face towards the Mothers back , and the Buttocks and Legs must be elevated towards the Mothers Navel , and so she must hasten a legitimate Birth . But all hopes of Delivery being past , or the Mother being near Death , some Authors propose the Cesarian Section , whereof Franciscus Rossetus wrote an excellent Treatise , wherein he endeavours to shew , by many Arguments , that it may sometimes succeed : But because this operation is dangerous , and very terrible , it ought rarely or never to be attempted by a prudent Physician , if he values his own Reputation . CHAP. CVIII . Of a Dead Child . WHen the Child is dead the Motion of it ceases , which either the Mother felt before in the Womb , or the Midwife with her Hand ; a greater sense of weight with Pain afflicts the Belly ; when the Woman turns from side to side , she perceives the Child fall like a Stone from one part to another , the Belly feels cold , the natural Heat being extinguish'd , and the Spirits dissipated , which were contained in the Child ; the Eyes are hollow , the Face and Lips pale , the extream parts cold and livid , the Breasts flaccid , and at length , the Child putrifying , a fetid Ichor and Sanies flows from the Womb , an ill and strong smell exhales from the Woman's Body , and her Breath stinks : If the Secundine be excluded before the Fetus , it is a certain Sign that the Child is dead . The whole Cure consists in the exclusion or extraction of the Child . Take of the Leaves of Savin dryed , of the Roots of round Birthwort , of the Troches of Myrrh , and of Castor , each one drachm ; of Cinnamon half a drachm ; of Saffron one scruple : Mingle them , make a Powder , whereof let her take one drachm in Savin Water . In the mean while apply to the Pubes , Privities , and Perineum an emolient Decoction . After the Fomentation anoint the Parts with the Ointment de Arthanita , and let a Pessary be put up the Privities . Take of the Roots of round Birthwort , Orris , black Helebore ; of Coloquintida and Myrrh , each one drachm ; of Galbanum and opopanax , each half a drachm : With Ox-Gall make a Pessary . It is also proper , if the Strength be sufficient , to give a Purge . Angelus Sala says , That he has used with very good success Mercurius Vitae in this Case , four or five grains at a time , and that it does powerfully exclude a dead Child , and is better than other Remedies : But it must be used with great Caution , because it is a violent Medicine . If after having tried Medicines a long while , the Child cannot be ejected , Chirurgical Operation must be used , that is perform'd either by Instruments or by the Hand alone , CHAP. CIX . Of the Secundine retained . IN a Natural Birth the Secundine is wont most commonly to be excluded presently after the Child , yet sometimes it is retained , whereby the Life is much endangered . The internal causes of this Retention are too great a thickness of the Coats , so that they stick firmly to the sides of the Womb , the swelling of them , by an afflux of Humors occasioned by hard Labour , and the shutting of the Mouth of the Womb after the exclusion of the Fetus . The external causes are , coldness of the Air , whereby the Secundine is expelled , and the orifice of the Womb shut ; certain Perfumes , whereby the Womb is allur'd upwards ; violent Passions of the Mind , as fear and sudden Frights ; the perversness of the Woman , who will not abide in such a position , or use such Endeavours as are requisite ; the weight of the Child , whereby the Navel is broken , the Secundine remaining within ; the unskilfulness of the Midwife , who cuts the Umbilical Vessels too soon , or does not hold them in her left hand as she ought , for if they are let go they are drawn back into the Womb , and are hid there with the Secundine , whereas it ought they serve for the extraction of the Secundine . It is easie to be known when the Secundine is retained in the Womb ; but sometimes a piece of it is separated and remains in the Womb , which is not so easily found ; yet it may be known , for that the Womb after delivery endeavours to eject something : But tho' its endeavours are but small , a sense of Heat and Pain is perceived in the Womb , and after a few Days a cadaverous Smell exhales from the Womb. The retention of the Secundine is very dangerous , and if it continues some Days , an acute Fever , Nauseousness , Fainting , difficulty of Breathing , Coldness of the extream Parts , Epileptick and Hysterick Fits , and at length Death follow . The Secundine retained is expelled by the same Remedies which were proposed for a dead Child , to which may be added some Specificks delivered by Authors . Gesner and Augenius commend much the Testicles of a Horse cut in pieces , and dried in an Oven , as much of the Powder of them as may be contained with three Fingers , being taken in Chicken-Broath , and it may be repeated twice or thrice upon occasion . Rulandus says , He has given , with success , thirty Drops of the Oil of Juniper . Some order the Woman to bite an Onyon three or four times , and to swallow the Juice , and presently after to drink a small draught of Wine , by which she may be soon relieved . Forestus mentions a Widwife who received the following Secret from a Jewish Physician ; He took the Leaves of Green Lovage , and pressed out the Juice with good Rhenish-Wine , and gave a Draught of it . Angelus Sala commends Mercurius Vitae , as before in a dead Child . To these things may be added Sneezing-Powders , Fomentations , Liniments and other things both external and internal , described above for difficult Labour . The following Decoction has been very succesful . Take of Vinegar of Roses four or five quarts , of the Leaves and Berries of Bayes , each three handfuls ; one Rose-Cake cut in pieces : Boil them , and with the Decoction , hot , wash the Hips and Legs from the Groin to the Feet for a long while . To this Decoction may conveniently be added of Myrrh and both the Birth-Worts , each one ounce . But among other things the Hand of a skilful Surgeon may do much , before the Inflammation and Inflation are increased ; for so the Secundine may be gently drawn out , and the Woman freed from all the Symptoms and Fatigue of Medicines . If the Secundine cannot be ejected by any means , but sticks firmly to the Womb , and putrifies there , Suppuratives must be injected , mixed with things that cleanse , that that which is putrified may be drawn out by degrees ; to this purpose , Rondoletius commends Basilicon , especially being dissolv'd in the following Decoction . Take of the Leaves of Mallows , with the Roots three handfuls ; of the Roots of both the Birth-worts , each six drachms ; of Flax-seeds and Fenugreek-seeds , each half an ounce ; of Violets one handful ; of the Flowers of Camomel , and the lesser Centaury , each half an handful : Make a Decoction in Water , mingle Oil with it , if you would have it suppurate much ; but if you more design to cleanse , add a little Vnguentum Aegyptiacum . CHAP. CX . Of a Suppression of the Child-bed Purgations . THere is so great a Flux of Humors from all parts of the Womb , when a Woman is with Child , and during the Commotion in her Labour , that in case there be not afterwards sufficient Evacuation of them , the Woman is in great danger of very ill Accidents , and sometimes of Death it self ; because these Humors corrupting by their stay there , will certainly cause a great Inflammation : And this is the reason why the Suppression of the Lochia is one of the worst and most dangerous Symptoms which can befal a Woman after Delivery , especially if they happen to be totally and suddenly stopt the first three or four days , which is the time they should come down plentifully ; for then follow an acute Fever , great Pains in the Head , Pains in the Breast , Reins and Loins , Suffocation of the Mother , and an Inflammation , which is suddenly communicated to the Belly , which becomes very much swell'd and blown up ; there happens also a great difficulty in Breathing , Choakings , Palpitation of the Heart , Fainting , Convulsions , and often Death it self , if the Suppression continues , and if the Woman over-lives it , she is in danger of an Abscess in the Womb , and afterwards of a Cancer , or there may happen great Imposthumes in the Belly , also the Gout , Sciatica and Lameness , or an Inflammation and Abscess in the Breast . The Causes of the Stoppage of the Lochia proceed either from a great Loosness , because a great Evacuation that way turns the Lochia , and makes them stop , or any strong Passion of the Mind ; so do great Colds , and cold Drink . To bring the Lochia well down , let the Woman avoid all Perturbations of Spirit , which may stop them ; let her lie in Bed with her Head and Breast a little raised , keeping her self very quiet , that so the Humors may be carried downwards by their natural tendency : Let her observe a good Diet , somewhat hot and moist , and apply an Hysterick Plaster to her Navel . Take of the Conserves of Roman Wormwood and of Rue , each one ounce ; of the Troches of Myrrh two drachms ; of Castor , English Saffron , Volatil Salt of Sal Armoniack and of Assa Fetida , each half a drachm : with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the five opening Roots ; make an Electuary . Let her take the quantity of a large Nutmeg every third Hour , drinking upon it three or four spoonfuls of the following Mixture . Take of the Water of Penny Royal and Balm , each three ounces ; of compound Briony-Water two ounces ; of Syrup of Mugwort three ounces and an half ; of Saffron two drachms ; of Castor tied up in a Rag and hanged in the Glass , one scruple ; mingle them . If these things are used presently upon the Suppression , they generally take it off : But if they have been used so long that all the quantity is taken , and the Lochia are still stopt , in this case we may use Laudanum for once , but it is best to mix it with hysterick things : For instance , Take of liquid Laudanum sixteen drops , in a spoonful of compound Briony-water : Or , Take of solid Laudanum one grain and an half ; of Assa Fetida one scruple and an half : Make two Pills . But it must be carefully noted , that if upon once taking the Business is not done , Opium by no means must be repeated again : But having waited a while to see what it will do , we must return again to Emmenagoges mix'd with Hystericks , and afterwards we must Inject a Glister : But what was said before of Opium is also to be taken notice of in respect of Glisters ; for unless the first bring down the Lochia , nothing is to be hoped for from more . These things therefore being done , it is safest , and the duty of a prudent Physician to wait and see what Time will do ; for every Day the Danger will lessen , and if the Sick live over the twentieth Day , she will be in a manner out of Danger ; for then she will be able to bear that Method , which is fittest to conquer the Diseases which were occasioned by the Suppression of the Lochia . CHAP. CXI . Of After-Pains . PAins happen so frequently to Women in Childbed , that few are free from them ; but they seldom require the Physicians help , because they usually cease in two or three Days : But if they are sharp and continue longer , they are forced to send for Physicians , who before they prescribe ought to enquire into the causes of the Pains . The chief Causes therefore of Pains after Labour are a great quantity of Blood , the Thickness and Acrimony of it , and the Narrowness of the Vessels ; for when the Veins of the Womb have ceased to evacuate Blood for nine Months ; and when that is heaped up in a great quantity , and also grows thick and acrimonious by it's long stay , it occasions Pain while it passes through the narrow Passages , which returns by Intervals , as often as the Womb endeavours the Evacuation of the Blood ▪ And when that is over , the Pain ceases till more Blood endeavours to come out . These Pains are also sometimes occasioned by Wind , or cold received into the Womb ; but the Pain seldom happens from these Causes This Pain is distinguished from other Pains , that are wont to afflict the Belly , by the continuance or Intervals , which follow the Evacuation of Blood , and Women can easily distinguish them themselves . The thick Blood easily coagulates , but the thin is known by its thinness and fresh colour . If the Pain arises from Wind , it is more wandring , and possesses more parts of the Belly , nor does it follow the Intervals of the Evacuation of Blood : If cold Air be admitted into the Womb , it may be known by those things which have been done about the Woman . These Pains are not dangerous , but are most commonly very troublesome , and therefore are to be taken off or asswaged as soon as may be . As to the Cure , the Vessels of the Womb must be relaxed , and the thickness of the Blood attenuated , and its Acrimony qualified , all which may be done by the following means . And first the Woman's Belly must be gently swathed , that it may subside and not move hither and thither , as it often happens after Delivery , upon so sudden an evacuation , and then give of Oil of Almonds fresh drawn three ounces , mixed with an ounce and an half of Syrup of Violets . And Glisters may be injected made of Milk and Sugar , and Yolks of Eggs ; or they may be prepared of a Decoction of Camomel-flowers , and of Mugwort in Chicken-broath , adding to them Oil of Lillies and Yolks of Eggs. And the Belly of the Woman must be anointed with Carminitive and Aperitive Oils , as with Oil of Dill , Rue , Jasmin , or with the following , which is very effectual , which may be prepared for this use in due season and kept in the Shops . Take of the Roots of round Birth-wort , of Orris and Peony each one ounce , of Cyprus half an ounce , of the dried Leaves of Mugwort , Feverfew , wild Marjoram , Calaminth , Pennyroyal , Dittany of Creet , of Wormwood , Savin , Rue , Bettony and Sage , each one handful , of the Flowers of Rosemary , Stechas , Lavender , Camomel , Dill , S. John's Wort , Elder , each half an handful , of the Grains of Lawrel and Juniper , each half an ounce , of Cummin , the Seeds of Rue , Peony , Daucas , of the Chast Tree , each three drachms , of Cloves , Nutmegs , Cinnamon and Ginger , each two drachms , of Storax and Myrrh each one ounce : Bruise them and cut them , and infuse them in three quarts of old Oil , adding a litte White-Wine ; keep them in an earthen Vessel , well stopt , for the space of a Week , then boil them upon hot Ashes four or five hours , then press out the Oil , and keep it for use . If you have it not ready prepared , you may boil the Simples upon occasion with equal parts of Oil and White-Wine , to the consumption of the Wine , afterwards press out the Oil. A Fomentation may be also made of a Decoction of Mugwort , Feverfew , Baulm , of the Leaves of Bays and Calaminth , of the Seeds of Daucas , Cummin and Caraways , of the Flowers of Wall-flower and Camomel made in Water and White-Wine , or in Milk : Or the following Cataplasm may be applied . Take of Onions boil'd in Water number three or four , bruise them in a Mortar , and add to them of the Seeds of Cummin and Flax bruised , each one handful : With a sufficient quantity of the Flowers of Camomel and Barly-meal , make a Cataplasm ; and if there be occasion , add a little of the Water wherein the Onions were boil'd : Spread it upon a cloath , and apply it hot to the Navel . It is also proper to cover the Belly with a Sheep's-skin fresh flea'd off , and applied hot , for the Heat of it is very agreeable , it eases the Pain , and keeps the Belly from wrinkling . And the following things may be taken inwardly . Take of the Seeds of Daucas powdered one drachm , of White-Wine three ounces : Mingle them and give it twice in a day . Or , Take of Nutmegs , Aniseeds and Cinamon , each one scruple : Mingle them , make a Powder , give it with White-wine , or one scruple of Oil of Nutmegs with Broath . Forestus used the Flowers of Camomel in Beer , or a Decoction of Camomel and Mugwort in Chicken-Broath with good Success . It is good presently after Delivery to give the Broath of an old Cock early in the Morning fasting , for three Days , with a little Cinnamon and Saffron . The following Powder taken presently after Delivery , preserves the Woman from Pain , in a wonderful manner ; and some think if a Woman takes it the first Lying in , she will never be troubled in Child-bed with these kind of Pains . Take of Comfry dried one drachm , of the Kernels of Peach-Stones , and of Nutmegs , each two scruples , of Ambar half a drachm , of Ambergrise half a scruple : Make a Powder , whereof let her take a drachm with White-Wine , and if there be a Fever with Broath . Let her use for her ordinary Drink a Decoction of Mugwort and Cinnamon . When the Pains arise from Cholerick and Acrid Humors , they must be cured in a manner the same way as the Cholick , occasioned by Choler . For instance , Take of Syrup of Violets and of Borrage , each one ounce , of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Quinces , extracted with Violet-Water half an ounce , of Borrage , and Scorzonera-Water , each three ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep for two Doses : Or , Take of Oil of Sweet Almonds two ounces , of Syrup of Violets one ounce , of Borrage Water half an ounce : Mingle them for one draught . External Medicines that loosen and mollifie the Passages must be applied . Child-bed Women after Delivery are often troubled with a Pain in the Groin ; it may be taken off by applying a Plaster of Galbanum and Assafetida to the Navel , in the middle whereof some grains of Musk must be placed . CHAP. CXII . Of the Acute Diseases of Women in Child-bed . THE Fever from Milk , whilst the Child-bed Purgations proceed right , seldom lasts beyond three Days , for about that Time it usually goes off , by a great Sweat coming of its own accord : But this Intemperies occasioned by the coming of the Milk is somewhat heightned , and continues longer , when the Milk flows plentifully to the Breasts , and is not milkt out , but repelled : For by its going back as well as its coming , there is a Disturbance in the whole Body usually , which comes more certainly , if the Milk be driven violently back by Repelling Topicks . Some common Rules are to be observed concerning the Coming of the Milk , or in driving of it back . If the Milk flow too freely into the Breasts , that the Inflammation of them , and the immoderate Effervescence of the Blood may be prevented , a thin and spare Diet must be ordered , viz. of Broath without Flesh , and the Breasts must be often sucked , and if it be not thought convenient that the Woman should give Suck , it is customary on the First or Third day of Lying-in , to apply over the Breasts moderately Astringent Cere-cloaths : But this kind of Remedy must be used with Caution , lest the Milk should be Excluded altogether , or too hastily , and so cause a disorder in the Blood , and a putrid or malignant Fever , of which we shall speak next . Women with Child , by reason their Bodies are ill affected , are as it were infected with a Pestilential Contagion , and so are very subject to a putrid , or rather malignant Fever . This Fever seizes Child-bed Women at various Seasons , and upon several Occasions ; sometimes presently after Delivery , especially if it has been difficult and hard ; sometimes on the first , sometimes on the second , third , or fourth Week ; but the later it begins , the better it goes off . It begins and proceeds , most commonly , in the following manner : After a previous Indisposition the Fever begins most commonly , with a Shaking and Shivering , which Heat presently follows , and after that Sweat ; the first or second day fits of Heat and Cold succeed one another , and then all the Blood being inflamed , the Lochia , if they were not suppressed before , flow but little , or quite stop . If the Disease be acute and of quick motion , it comes to its height the third or fourth day ; the Heat is violent , and the Thirst very much , the Pulse vehement and quick , Watchings obstinate , there is great Restlessness , so that the Sick tumble from one side of the Bed to the other continually , the Urin is thick and red , and there are many other grievous Symptoms ; when this Fever is in its State , no Crisis is to be expected ; for I never saw this Disease go off by a critical Sweat ; for when the Blood has a while Boyled , the adust Matter being presently translated to the Brain , dangerous disorders of the Genus Nervosum are occasioned , and convulsive motions of the Tendons , and inflations of the Bowels , like Mother Fits , and sometimes a Phrensie , or Delirium , and often a Stupo● and loss of Speech follow , and the Strength is suddenly dejected , almost in all , without any manifest Cause ; the Pulse is weak and unequal , and the Sick soon die : And if any chance to escape , the flux of the Courses being restored , or a Loosness happening , they recover difficultly after a long Sickness . The acute Diseases of Women in Childbed , are not always according to the manner of the fore-mentioned Fever , but sometimes they are accompanied with some great Symptom , as with a Quinsie , Pleurisie , Peripneumonia , Bloody-flux , Small-pox , and the like . Of these a Quinsie , Pleurisie , and Peripneumunia , by reason of the great similitude of the Cause and analogy of the Cure , may be considered together . Presently at their first beginning , we must endeavour , that the Blood fixed any where , and beginning to be Extravasated , be restored to Circulation , lest an Imposthume should be occasioned ; wherefore internal Remedies , which free the Blood from Coagulation , must be used , of which sort are Diaphoreticks abounding with Volatile Salt , as Spirit of Harts-horne and Soot , Urin , also Testaceous , and Bezoartick Powders , Lapis Prunella , Decoctions and Juleps , made of Vegetables that force Urine and the Courses ; with all which must be mixed such things as have been found by Experience to have been proper for Uterine Diseases . Moreover Discutient Medicines , which disperse the Matter Impacted , such are Liniments , Fomentations and Cataplasms , must be carefully applied to the Parts affected : In the mean while the violent Motion and immoderate Effervescence of the Blood must be driven far from thence , and the Filth must be driven , as much as possible , downwards . To this end Frictions , Ligatures , Epispasticks , and if there be occasion , Cupping-glasses must be applied about the Legs and Feet ; if the Disease be very violent , Bleeding is indicated , and unless there be a Plethora in the whole Body , and the Inflammation be very acute in the Part affected , it will be best to open a Vein in the Foot , or to apply Leeches to the Hemorrhoidal Veins : But if necessity urge we may Bleed in the Arm , and afterwards , if it can be admitted , in the Foot. But you must take notice , that Bleeding must be cautiously used in these Cases ; for unless it does good , which I have seldom found , the Sick is in worse condition , the Pulse being thereby rendred weaker . A Dissentery is very often deadly , and so much the rather because such things as qualifie the Blood , and that moderately bind are Indicated ; but the flux of the Lochia forbid the use of them . Wherefore in this case till she has been well Purged by a long flux of the Lochia , the fierceness of the Symptoms must at present be only appeased . The Indications of the Small-pox are not only contrary to those above-described , but also to one another ; for the flux of the Lochia must be moderately restrained ; but in the mean while the Efflorescence of the Blood and gentle Sweating must be continued : For seeing a twofold venomous Ferment is in this Disease , and the corrupt Particles of the Blood are to be carried out two ways , we must take care that the least and narrowest Passage do not draw all the Matter , or more than it can let out . Wherefore , lest the Lochia flowing plentifully should turn inward the Venom that is inclined to go off by Sweat , the course of Diet must be somewhat changed , and first such things as are of an Alexipharmick and astringent nature must be boyled with their Broaths , as the Roots of Tormentil and Bistort , also Powders , Juleps and Electuaries endued with such Vertues must be given at due Intervals ; and in this case the Woman must be no ways allowed Flesh , or the Broath of it , not must she Rise , but she must be kept as quiet as is possible , and the whole Business must be left in a manner to God and Nature . All Women in Child-bed have an inbred Venom , and they ought to be careful of it , and to avoid it as much as the greatest Malignity . Wherefore they ought to use an exact course of Diet , whereby the Impurities of the Blood and Humours may be purged in Child-bed without the danger of a Fever ; and that the disorders of the Womb may be heal'd , and their strength , weakned by Delivery , may be restored : To which end three things are to be minded ; First , An exact course of Diet must be ordered , viz. That they be fed for a Week at least with Water-Gruel , sometimes made with Beer , sometimes made with Water mix'd with Whitewine , or with Panada , and other things of easie Digestion . Secondly , They must take great care that they do not catch Cold , whereby the Pores and the Lochia may be stopt ; wherefore let them continue in Bed , at least till the Tenth day . Thirdly , The Lochia must be gently provoked ; to this end Midwives , when after hard Labour , there is danger of a stoppage of the Lochia ; give Sperma Caeti , Irish Slates Powdered , or White Wine tinctured with Saffron , and they make the Gruel with Water and White Wine , wherein , as also in Posset Drink , they Boyl Marygold Flowers , the Leaves of Penny-royal or Mugwort . CHAP. CXIII . Of Childrens Diseases . Of ordering them ; and of the Choice of a Nurse . A Child , which during the stay in its Mother's Belly , had no other Nourishment , but the Blood it received by the umbilical Vessels , hath for want of that after its Birth , need to take some by the Mouth , and Suck Breast-Milk ; however , it is not good to give it Suck , as soon as it is Born , to prevent that so sudden a Change , as well in respect of the difference of Nourishment , as the manner of receiving it , lest it cause some alteration in its Health . First therefore empty the Phlegm out of its Stomach , by giving it the first three or four days some Wine and Sugar to cut and loosen it , to prevent the Milk he shall take from Corrupting , it being mixed with this viscous Phlegm ; wherefore it is best to stay until the next day before you give it Suck . It were to be wished that the Mother shou'd not give it Suck until the Eighth day of her Child-bed at soonest , and it is best if she stay three Weeks or a Month , for in that time she will be well Purged by the Lochia , and the Blood will be much more pure ; besides the small holes of the Nipples are not at first sufficiently opened , and therefore it is necessary for a Woman to Suck first . But often poor People cannot observe so many Precautions , and such Mothers are obliged to give their Children Suck from the first day ; and likewise others will not suffer any but themselves to do it . In this case let her Breasts be a little drawn by some old Woman , or some lusty sucking Child , or they may Draw them themselves . If the Nurse has much Milk , she must not give the Child any thing else , at least the first two Months . As to the quantity of Milk the Child ought to suck , it must be proportionable to his Age and Strength ; in the beginning he must not suck too much , nor too often , afterwards by little and little let it be daily augmented , until he may take his fill ; but he may suck at any time night or day . After the Child has suck'd two or three Months , more or less , according as one finds he needs stronger Nourishment , give him then Pap made of Flower and Milk , though but little at first , and not too thick , lest his Stomach may be overcharged . When the Child has taken Pap thus made , which must be but once a day , especially in the Morning , or twice at most , the Nurse may give it a little suck , to the end that being washed down into the Stomach , the Digestion may be the better and easier made . There are many Women who give their Children Pap as soon as they are Born , and Nurses who have little Milk , ordinarily do so to hinder their Crying , as they will do when they are Hungry : But sometimes this of it self is enough to kill them , because of the Indigestion and Obstruction it occasions , which by reason of its gross and viscous consistence can scarce find Passage through the Stomach and Guts , which at the beginning are weak and not sufficiently opened and dilated , whereby there happens to Children great Oppressions , difficulty of Breathing , Gripes , Swellings , Pains of the Belly , and often Death . Wherefore do not give it the Child , till after the first or second Month at soonest , and if you forbore it three or four Months he would thrive the better , provided the Nurse does not want Milk. When he is in the Cradle , let it be so turned as it may be towards the Fire , the Candle , or the Chamber Window , that having the Light directly in its Face , he may not be allured to look continually on one side ; for doing so often , his Sight will be so perverted , that he will grow Squint-ey'd . Wherefore for the better secucurity , throw some Covering over the head of the Cradle . Many Children are so Grip'd that they can't forbear Crying night nor day , and some die so , and this is very often the first and most common Disease that happens to little Infants after their Birth . To remedy all these Pains which Women generally call Gripes , respect must be had to their different Causes : As to that which is the general cause , viz. The too sudden change of the Nourishment , you must forbear giving the Child Suck till the next day , lest the Milk being mix'd with the Phlegm which is in the Stomach corrupt ; and at first it must Suck but little until it be accustom'd to digest it , if it be the Maeconion of the Intestines , which by its long stay causes these Pains , for to help to discharge them of it , give them inwardly a little Oyl of sweet Almonds and Syrup of Roses ; and to provoke it further , give it beets-Stalk cover'd with Hony for a Suppository , or a Sugar'd Almond also dip'd in common Honey , or you may give a small Glister . And when the Child is Grip'd , give no Pap , because this Food by its Viscosity , easily causes Obstructions , which afterwards ingender Wind. If the Pain be occasioned by Worms , lay a Cloath dipp'd in Oyl of Worm-wood mix'd with Ox Gall upon the Belly , or a small Cataplasm mix'd with Powders of Rue , Wormwood , Coloquintida , Aloes , and the Seeds of Citrons incorporated with Ox-gall and Flower of Lupines ; and to drive them downwards if the little Infant can take any thing by the Mouth , give it a small infusion of Rubarb , or half an Ounce of Compound Syrup of Succory , having before given a small Glister of Sugar'd Milk. When the Gripes are caused by Wind , as it often happens , or by sharp Humours in the Guts , anoint the Child's Belly all over with Oyl of Violets , or else with Oil of sweet Almonds , or else with the Oyls of Wallnuts , Camomel and Melilot , mixed together , having first warm'd them , in which also a Cloath may be dipp'd to lay upon it , and a little Anodyne , or Carminative Glister may be given . Very frequently the Milk of a Nurse that is red Hair'd , given to Wine , or very Amorous , may by its heat and acrimony , cause small Ulcers in an Infant 's Mouth , which are called Apthae , or the Thrush ; and Vulgarly Cancers : Sometimes also though the Milk have no ill Quality in it self , it may however corrupt in the Stomach , because of its Weakness , or for some other Indisposition . Of these Ulcers some are benign , as they are caused by a simple heat of the Nurses Milk , or by the Child's Blood and Humours being a little Over-heated , or also from having had a small Fit of a Fever , and they are then very superficial , of a small continuance , and easily yielding to Remedies : Others are Malignant , such as are caused by a Venereal Venom , or that happen after a Malignant Fever , and are Scorbutick ; these are putrid , corrosive and spreading , and do not only possess the Superficies of the Membranes , which cover the Roof of the Mouth and Tongue , but make deep Scabs , and are communicated to the internal Parts of the Throat , the Venereal ones especially , which can never be Cured by ordinary Remedies , but must be handled with Specificks , without which they ever augment , and soon kill little Infants , who are too weak to undergo the Remedies fit for their Cure. To Cure these Ulcers , when they are small and without malignity , you must take care to temper the Nurse's Milk , prescribing her a Cooling Diet ; Bleeding and Purging also if there be occasion , and wash the Child's Mouth with Barly or Plantain Water , and Hony of Roses , or Syrup of dryed Roses , mixing with them a little Verjuice , or Juice of Limons , as well to loosen and cleanse the viscous Humours , which cleave to the inside of the Child's Mouth , as to cool those Parts , which are already over-heated . This may be done by means of a small fine Rag , fastned to the end of a little Stick , and dipp'd in the Remedy , wherewith the Ulcers may be gently rubb'd , being careful not to put them to too much Pain , lest by irritating them an Inflammation should be caused . The Child's Body must be kept open , that the Humours being carried to the lower Parts , so many Vapours may not ascend , as usually do , when the Excrements of the Belly are too long retained . If the Ulcers participate of any malignity , let topical Remedies then be used , which do the Business speedily , and as it were in an instant . For this purpose , touch the Ulcers with Plantain-water , sharpned with Spirit of Vitriol , taking great care that the Infant swallows none of it ; and the Remedy must be so much the stronger and sharper , as the Ulcers are profound and malignant . As soon as they have been cauterized with this Water , by only touching them once or twice with it according to their bigness , depth or corruption , that no sharp Serosities may destil upon the parts not yet ulcerated , and upon the Infants Throat , wash its Mouth with Plantain-water , or with a decoction of Barly , Agrimony and Hony of Roses , continuing to touch and wash the Ulcers , as it may be judged convenient , and until you find they spread no further . To prevent that in the use of these sharp Medicines , not the least portion of them should fall upon the Child's Throat , and that by swallowing of them , you may receive no great prejudice . Some chuse rather to cauterize these Ulcers with small Linnen Tents dipt in boiling Oil , and if it should be swallowed , it would be no great hurt . It will not be amiss to punge the ill Humors out of the whole habit of the Child , by giving him half an ounce of syrup of Succory with Rhubarb . The Teeth , which were hidden in the Jaws , usually begin to come forth , not all at a time , but one after another , towards the fifth or sixth Month , sometimes sooner and sometimes also later ; for to effect which , they cut the Gums wherewith they were covered . Then because of the exquisite sense of those parts , there happens so great pains to the Children , that many who were hitherto very well , are now in great danger of their Lives , and often die by reason of many mischievous Accidents , which happen to them at that time . And Hippocrates says , When Children begin to breed their Teeth , they are troubled with itching of their Gums , Fevers , Convulsions and Loosnesses , and principally when they breed their Tusks or Dog-teeth , especially those Children who are fat , and full of Humors , and bound . The Dog-teeth , commonly called the Eye-teeth , cause more pain to the Child than any of the rest , because they have a deep Root and a small Nerve , that has communication with that which moves the Eye . The Teeth , which are first bred , are the Cutting or Foreteeth . The Signs when Children will breed their Teeth , are , when the Gums and Cheeks are swelled , they feel a great heat there with an itching , which often makes them put their Fingers in their Mouths to rub them , from whence much Moisture destils into the Mouth , because of the Pain they feel there . The Nurse in giving them suck , finds their Mouths hotter ; they are much changed , and cry every moment , and cannot sleep , or but very little at a time . And one may feel and see small points of the Teeth through the Gums , which appear thin and pale on the top , and swelled and red on the sides ; and if it happen that the Teeth are a long time ' ere they are cut , or that too many of them cut at a time , there is great danger that the Child will fall into those Accidents mentioned above . In this case two things are to be regarded ; first , to preserve the Child from the ill Accidents that may happen to it , by reason of the great pain : Secondly , to assist as much as may be the cutting of the Teeth , when they can hardly cut the Gums themselves . To prevent these Accidents , the Nurse must keep a good Diet , and use all things that may cool and temper the Milk , that a Fever may not follow the pain of the Teeth , and to hinder the falling of the Humors upon the inflamed Gums , keep the Child's belly always loose , to which purpose give him a gentle Glister , if the Belly be bound ; but there is commonly no need of it : For at this time the Children are usually troubled with a Looseness . As to the second , which helps the cutting of the Teeth , that the Nurse must do from time to time , by gently rubbing the Childs Gums with her Finger ; to which end the Child it felf may be useful , if they give a little Stick of Liquorish to them , or a small piece of a new Wax-candle , which is very good to soften the Gums . Coral is also often used to this purpose , and the Teeth of a Wolf. But these things that are peculiarly proper , what they do is by their Solidity and Roughness : But if these things do no good , the Gums must be cut with a Lancet to prevent ill Accidents . As soon as little Infants are in the least indisposed , they very commonly fall into a Looseness , to which their natural moisture very much contributes . For the most part the Looseness happens to them , by reason of the great Pain they have at the cutting their Teeth : It may also happen by the vitiousness of the Nurses Milk. But if the Looseness be not accompanied with a Fever , or some other Accident , it is not dangerous ; but if it continue so long , it will not be amiss to remedy it . For this purpose , let the Child suck good Milk , and give it a slight Infusion of Rhubarb , or a little compound Syrup of Succory ; gentle Anodyn Glisters may be also given , made of Milk , yolks of Eggs , and Hony of Violets ; and after Purging , let them be made with Plantain-water , and mix the yolk of an Egg with the Pap. Anoint the Belly with Oil of Quinces , and lay on the Stomach a Compress dipt in red Wine , wherein Province Roses have been boiled . Vomiting usually happens to Children , because they often draw more Milk than their little Stomachs can easily contain or digest : A Cough does sometimes occasion it , so does the swathing of the Belly too hard . When the Vomiting is too frequent , it is fit it should be stopped ; to which end , regard must be had to that which causes it , as when the Child sucks more than it should , the Nurse must not give it so much , but it must suck but little at a time , that the Stomach may the easier contain and digest what it receives . If it be occasioned by an ill quality of the Milk , the Nurse must be changed for a better ; if from a Cough , it must be helped by things fit to appease it . The Nurse must not dance it rudely , nor rock it fiercely after it has sucked . Care must be likewise taken , that it be not too close wrapt , and swathed about the Stomach . And it will be very convenient to purge the Infant with a gentle Infusion of Rhubarb , or with half an ounce of compound syrup of Succory : And after it has been well purged , it may take a little syrup of Quinces to fortify the Stomach , and a Compress dipt in red Wine , wherein Province-roses , Cinnamon and Cloves have been boiled , may be applied to the region of the Stomach . Children are sometimes afflicted with Scabs in the Head and Face , but the course of these Humors must by no means be hindred by driving them inwards ; because their Evacuation defends little Infants from many ill Diseases ; and we ordinarily see them , whose Bodies have a long time purged away such Superfluities , to be better in health , after they have cast forth all this kind of Corruption . But Endeavours must be only used to hinder the generation of more of these ill Humors in the Child ; wherefore , a healthy Nurse must be provided , whose Milk is pure and cool , the Child's Belly must be kept open , and purged upon occasion with a little syrup of Roses or of Succory , that so the Humors may not be sent in too great abundance to the Head , and that the Sanies under the Scabs may not eat and corrode the Skin , and so cause deep Ulcers ; it will not be amiss also to make the Scabs fall off , that there may be a freer vent or issue ; for which end , fresh Butter is ordinarly made use of to moisten them , or Oil of sweet Almonds ; afterwards , apply a Cabbage-leaf , and change it twice or thrice a day . As to the choice of a Nurse , the first and principal of all the Qualities in a good Nurse , is , That she be the own Mother of the Child , as well because of the mutual agreement of their Tempers , as that having much more love for it , she will be much more careful than an hired Nurse , who ordinarily loves her Nurse-child but with a feigned and seeming Love , having no other end or foundation , but the hope of the Recompence she expects for her Hire . Wherefore the true Mother , though not the best Nurse , should ever be preferred before a Stranger . But because there are several that either will not , or cannot suckle their own Children , there is a necessity to provide an other Nurse , which should be chosen as convenient for the Child , as may be . Now as we see Trees produce Fruits of a different Taste , by reason of the difference of the nourishment , so the Health of Children , and sometimes their Manners depend on the nourishment they receive at the beginning . For as to the health of the Body , it is well known , it answers the Humors that all the Parts are nourished and maintained with , which Humors ever retain the nature of the Food whereof they are engendred : As for the Manners , they ordinarily follow the Temperament , which also proceeds from the quality of the Humors , and the Humors from the Food . By this consequence , as the Nurse is , so will the Child be , by means of the nourishment it draweth from her ; and in sucking her , it will draw in both the Vices of her Body and Mind . This appears very easily in Animals that suck a strange Dam , for they always partake something of the Creature they suck ; being accordingly , either of a mild or fiercer Nature , or of a stronger or weaker Body , which may be noted in the Example of young Lions , tamed by sucking a domestick Animal , as a Cow , a Goat or Ass ; and , on the contrary , a Dog will become more furious or fierce if it sucks a Wolf. The necessary Conditions of a good Nurse are usually taken from her Age , the time and manner of her Labour , the good constitution of all the parts of her Body , and particularly of her Breasts , from the good Nature of her Milk ; and , in fine , from her good Manners . As to her Age , the most convenient is from twenty five to thirty five years of Age , because that during this space the Woman is most strong , healthy and vigorous : She is not fit before five and twenty , because her Body not having yet acquired all its dimensions , cannot be so robust ; nor after thirty five , because not having Blood enough in so great abundance , she cannot have Milk enough for the nourishment of the Child . However , some Women are indifferent good Nurses from twenty to forty , but very rarely before or after . As to the time and manner of her Labour , it must be at least a Month or six Weeks after it , that so her Milk may be throughly purified ; because , at that time , her Body is usually cleansed of the Lochia , which follows Labour , and the Humors are no longer disturbed with it ; nor must it be above five or six Months , that so she may be able to make an end of Nursing the Child , that there may be no necessity to change her afterwards for another . She must not have miscarried , but have been brought to Bed at her full time of a healthful Son , for it is a mark of a good Constitution ; and it must be her second or third Child , that she may by experience know the better how to tend her Nursery . As to the healthful Constitution of her Body , 't is the principal thing , and on which almost all the rest depends . In general , she must be very healthful and of a good habit , not subject to any Distemper ; that she be come of Parents that never had the Stone in the Reins and Bladder , nor subject to the Gout , King's-evil , Falling-sickness , or any other hereditary Disease ; that she hath no spot , nor the least suspicion of any venereal Distemper ; that she have no Scab , Itch , Scald , or any other filth of the like nature ; that she be strong , the better to watch and tend the Child in all things necessary for it ; that she be of a middle Stature , neither too tall nor too low , too fat nor too lean , because a Person of such a natural Symmetry performs all the Functions more perfectly , and as is usually said , In medio consistit Virtus . But above all , she must not be with Child : Let her be of a sanguine Complexion , which may be known by her Vermilion Colour , not altogether so red , but inclining to white ; of a firm Flesh , not soft ; she must not likewise have her Courses , for that is a Sign that her Blood is too hot , either because her Temperament is such , or from an amorous Passion , or otherways ; neither must she be subject to the Whites , for such Superfluities are a Sign of a bad habit ; she must not be red haired , nor marked with red Spots , but her Hair must be black , or of a Chesnut brown : She must be well shaped , neat in her Cloaths , and comly in her Face , having a sprightly Eye , and a smiling Countenance : She must have good Eyes , sound and white Teeth , not having any rotten or spoiled , lest her breath should smell ; she ought to have a sweet Voice to please and rejoice the Child , and likewise ought to have a clear and free Pronunciation , that he may not learn an ill Accent of her , as usually red-haired have , and sometimes also that are very black-haired and white Skins ; for their Milk is hot , sharp and stinking , and also of an ill Taste : She must not have a strong Breath , as they who have a stinking Nose and bad Teeth , as we have said before , because the Nurse that constantly kisses the Child , would infect its Lungs by often drawing in her corrupted Breath : Her Breasts ought to be pretty big , to receive and concoct there a sufficient quantity of Milk , but not big to excess ; they must be sound and free from Scars proceeding from former Impostumes ; they must be indifferent firm and fleshy , and not flaggy and hanging : The Nurse must be broad-breasted ; as to the Nipples they must be well shaped , they must not be too big nor too hard , nor grisly , nor sunk in too deep , but they must be a little raised and of a moderate bigness and firmness , and with many little holes , that the Child may not take too much Pains to draw the Milk. The quantity of the Milk must be sufficient for the Child's nourishment , it must be of a middle consistence , neither too waterish nor too thick , which may be easily judged , if the Nurse milking some into her Hand , and turning it a little on one side , it immediately runs off ; but if it remains fixed , without running by turning of the Hand , it is a Mark it is too thick and viscous . As to the colour , the whitest is best ; it must taste and smell sweet and pleasant . The Nurse must not be subject to Choler nor be quarelsome ; she must not be melancholy , but merry and chearful , smiling often to divert the Child : She must be sober , not given to Wine , and yet le●● to the excess of Venery ; but she may moderately use the first , and not totally abstain from the second , if her Nature requires it . If a Nurse has all , or most part of these Conditions here specified , as well respecting her Person as Manners , and that she maintains this condition by a Diet fit for the Childs Temperament , and not contrary to her own , there is then great reason to believe she is fit to make a very good Nurse , and to bring up , in perfect Health , the Son of a Prince . CHAP. CXIV . Of the Rickets . THIS Disease began about fifty years ago in the West of England : It is a Disease of Children , and it seizes them when they are about half a year old . The Diagnostick of this Disease , as of all others , depends upon the knowledge of the Symptoms , which follow . The proportion of the parts is irregular , viz. the Head is bigger than ordinary , so is the Face , the Wit is sharper than is usual at such an Age , the external Members , especially the Muscular , are thin and wasted , the Skin is loose and flaccid , the Bones most commonly bowed , and about , the Joins sticking out and knotty , the Spine is variously bent , the Breast is narrow and sharp , the extremity of the Ribs knotty , the Belly somewhat swelled and stiff . These things are observed outwardly . As to the inner Parts , the Liver is larger than usual , so are all the Parenchyma , the Stomach and Bowels are larger than in those that are well , the Mesentery is affected with Glandules that are larger than ordinary , if they are not Scrophulous ; these things are observed in the Belly . In the Breast the Lungs are stuffed and swelled , they are sometimes purulent and scrophulous , and often stick to the Pleura , the jugular Veins and the carotid Arteries are sometimes larger than they shou'd be , but the Brain is only peccant in bigness . To these are added a weakness of almost all the parts and unwillingness to move , for such Children will play only sitting and do not care to stand , and at length in progress of the Disease , the Head can scarce be sustain'd by the weak neck . As to the Prognostick of this Disease , most commonly 't is not deadly ; but sometimes the Symptoms growing to a heighth , it degenerates into a Consumption , Hectic Fever , Dropsie of the Lungs or an Ascitis , and so at last is deadly ; but the Prognostick may be easier instituted by the following Rules . First , if this Disease invades before the Birth , or presently after , 't is very dangerous , and most commonly deadly . Secondly , the sooner it comes the worse ' t is . Thirdly , the more violent the Symptoms are , viz. if the Parts are very much disproportion'd and much wasted , the Cure is the more difficult . Fourthly , if this Disease is accompanied with the foresaid Diseases , it can scarce ever be cur'd . Fifthly , those that are not cured before they are five years of Age , are ever after sickly . Sixthly , an Itch coming upon this Disease , much conduces to the Cure. Seventhly , in those the Symptoms are not increased , but rather lessened , the Cure need not be doubted . As to the Cure , we must begin with Purging , because most commonly there is abundance of slegmatick Humors heapt up in the Belly , and the Bowels are frequently affected with scrophulous Tumors ; but Purging is to be instituted by Glisters , Vomits and lenitive Catharticks . The use and forms of some Glisters . If the Belly be bound , or the Bowels are troubl'd with Wind or Gripes , Glisters must be us'd frequently , which must not be only solutive , but sometimes alterative and corroborative . For instance : Take of the leaves of Mallows , one handful , of the flowers of Melilot , Camomile and Elder , each one pugil , of the seeds of Annise and Fennel bruis'd , each half a drachm ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of new Goat's Milk , to four , five or six ounces of the strain'd Liquor ; add of red Sugar and of syrup of Violets and Roses , each one ounce : Make a Glister , inject it warm a good while after Eating . Take of the roots of Marshmallows bruis'd , half an ounce , of the leaves of Mallows and Pellitory , each half an handful , of the flowers of Camomil and Elder , each one pugil , of the Carminative seeds , two drachms ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Posset-drink to 5 or 6 ounces of the strained Liquor ; add of Lenitive Electuary , or of Diacassia half an ounce , of fresh Butter six drachms ; mingle them , to be injected warm . Corroborative Glisters may be made in the following manner . Take of fresh Stone-Horse dung , one ounce and an half , of the flowers of Rosemary and Sage , each one pugil , of Juniper-berries , two drachms , of the seeds of Annise , Fennel , each half a drachm ; infuse them close and warm in a sufficient quantity of Whey , in four ounces of the strained Liquor , dissolve one ounce of brown Sugar and six drachms of fresh Butter ; mingle them , make a Glister : There may also be added , if it seem convenient , six drachms of Manna . Take of Millepides washed number 20 or 30 , bruise them , and pour upon them 4 or 5 ounces of Posset-drink made of white Wine , in the strained Liquor dissolve an ounce of brown Sugar , and a drachm of Venice-Turpentine dissolved in the yolk of an Egg ; mingle them , make a Glister to be injected warm . The use of Vomits and Forms of them . If the Stomach be burthened with vitious Humors , and they tend upwards , Vomits must be given ; but in the prescription of them , respect must be had to the tender Age , and they should consist rather of Salt of Vitriol and the Wine of Squills , than of stibiat Medicines ; for it is not so safe to give these to Infants for fear of Convulsions , though sometimes they may be of use . Take of Wine or Oxymel of Squills , half an ounce or an ounce , which being taken , give half an hour after a great quantity of Posset-drink , and provoke Vomiting with the Finger , and let it be repeated now and then . Or , Take of Oxymel of Squills , half an ounce or an ounce , if it does not vomit in half an hour , give of Salt of Vitriol half a scruple or fifteen grains , in a draught of Posset-drink . If the Strength will bear stronger Vomits , let them be used . As , Take of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum well clarified by standing , one or two drachms , according to the Age and Strength , of Oxymel of Squills three drachms or half an ounce , of simple Walnut-water , or of the water of the lesser Centaury , six drachms ; mingle them , make a Vomit . Forms of Catharticks . Some days after Vomiting , or if Vomiting be not to be used , gentle Purging must be instituted , and repeated by Intervals . As , Take of the Augustan syrup , or of syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , six drachms or an ounce , of Cream of Tartar ten or fifteen Grains , mingle them , let them be taken early in a morning , either by themselves or in a draught of Posset-drink . Or , Take of Calabrian Manna , half an ounce or an ounce , of Tartar vitriolated five or ten grains , mingle them , let them be taken in a morning in broath or in Posset-drink . Take of the roots of Polypody of the Oak , and of sharp pointed Dock each six drachms , of the bark of the roots of Elder , and of Dwarf-elder , each half an ounce , of the roots of flowering Fern , male Fern and Succory , each half an ounce , of the herbs Agrimony , Liverwort , Speedwel , Hartstongue and Spleenwort , each half a handful ; boil them in three pints of Fountain-water to the consumption of a third part , strain the Liquor into a matrass , and put to it two ounces of Senna , one ounce of Rhubarb , of Dodder , of Thyme and yellow Sanders , each two drachms , of the seeds of Annise and Fennel , each one drachm , of salt of Wormwood , one drachm and an half ; infuse them hot in a close Vessel 12 hours : To the Liquor , cleared by standing , add an equal weight of Sugar , and by gentle boiling make a syrup . The dose is one , two or three spoonfuls , either by themselves , or in some proper Liquor . Or to the above-mentioned purging Infusion , add of Cassia and Tamarinds extracted , with part of the same Infusion of Manna strained and of the best Sugar , each one ounce and an half ; evaporate them over a gentle heat to the consistence of an Electuary . The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg , more or less , as it works . Take of the Species hiera picra simple , one drachm , of the best Rhubarb powder'd half a drachm , of Tartar vitriolated ten grains , of Gum Ammonieum dissolved in Vinegar fifteen grains , with a sufficient quantity of Elixir Proprietatis , of Paracelsus , make a mass for Pills , of which half a scruple or a scruple may be made into Pills , and taken at Bed-time . A Bochet made of Rhubarb and yellow Sanders , in convenient distilled Waters , may be used . If the Sick be affected with Worms or the King 's Evil , or if there be any suspicion of the King 's Evil , the following Bolus may be given by Intervals . Take of Mercurius Dulcis , from six to ten grains , Rosin of Jalap , or of Scammony two or four grains , of the chymical Oil of Juniper , one drop ; make a Powder , which may be made into a Bolus with the pap of a roasted Apple , or a drachm of the Conserve of Violets ; let it be taken early in the morning . Or , Take of Mercurius Dulcis , six or ten grains , of the Conserve of flowers of Succory , half a drachm ; mix them , make a Bolus . Let it be taken early in the morning , drinking presently upon it a sufficient dose of the purging Infusion or Syrup . Chyrurgical Remedies . After gentle Purging , if the Sick be of a sanguine Constitution , Blood-letting is of use . Our Empericks use to draw a small quantity of Blood by scarifying the lobe of the Ear ; which operation they rather perform with a blunt Knife , than with a sharp Lancet ; and they repeat it twice or thrice , intermitting about the space of 7 days . Altho' Practitioners greatly praise this way by Scarification , I do not know but Leeches may be more effectual . Neither do I think it is to be fear'd that the sucking of Leeches should cause a greater afflux of Blood to the Head. For whatever Blood is drawn to the part by their Sucking , is also evacuated by it ; and as to the greater afflux of Blood , by reason of the emptying of the Vessels , the same happens in bleeding by the Lancet . Issues are also very effectual in this Disease , especially an Issue made between the first and second Vertebrae of the Neck . The usefulness of Issues consists in that they are very effectual to evacuate the superfluous ferosity of the Brain , and also to lessen the irregular form of it , and likewise to dry up the too great moisture of the spinal Marrow , and consequently to strengthen the Nerves that arise from thence . A Seton may be put in the place of an Issue . As to Vesicatories , it is not to be doubted , but that they give ease being applied upon the Vertebres of the Neck or behind the Ears . But their Strength is soon gone , and the use of them seems to be both troublesom and painful to Children . Moreover , Cupping-glasses , without Scarification , apply'd along the Back-bone are very effectual to correct the moist and cold Temperies of the spinal Marrow , and to remove the dulness of the Nerves . And I think also that they may be applyed upon the upper Vertebres of the Neck , with a light Scarification . Besides Purging and Chyrurgical Remedies , Specifick altering Medicines are to be used , to which sometimes Diureticks and Diaphoreticks are to be added ; of which we shall add some Examples . The specifick Remedies , that are found most effectual to cure this Distemper , are either simple or compound ; among Simples , the following are most approved . Wood of Guiacum and its bark , Sassafras , Lentiskwood , Rosemary , the knotty parts of Firr , the roots of China , of Sarsaparilla , the three Sanders , the roots of Osmund-royal , or rather the Cloves of the roots ; the roots of Sea-fern , or rather the buds of them ; Grass-roots , the roots of Asparagus , Eryngo , Succory , Burdock , the barks of the roots of Cappers ; the capillary Herbs , and chiefly Trichomanes , Ceterach , Wall-rue , Harts-tongue , Liverwort , Male-speedwell , Agrimony , Brook-lime , Water-cresses ; the leaves and flowers of Sage , of Rosemary , Betony , dead Nettle and of Tamarisk ; also Steel prepared , or its Salt or Vitriol . Tartar , Castor , flowers of Sulphur , Earthworms , Millepides prepared , and the like . Of which Compositions may be made after this manner : Take of the Cloves of the roots of Osmund-royal , or the roots of Sea-fern , or the Twigs of the roots of it scarcely sprung above Ground , onehandful ; boil them in a pint of Milk or Spring-water to the consumption of a third part . Let the strained Liquor , sweetened with Sugar , be drunk twice or thrice a day . Take of the leaves of Tea , one drachm , of the flowers of Sage , Betony , each half a drachm ; put them in a convenient Vessel , and pour upon them a pint of boiling Water , let them stand close and warm about an hour . Sweeten the strained Liquor with Sugar , and let it be drunk in the same manner as the former . Take of the Cloves of the roots of Osmund-royal , of the roots of Burdock , Grass succory , each one ounce , of the herbs Male-speedwel , Agrimony , Hartstongue , Liverwort , Maiden-hair , each half an handful , of the raspings of Ivory and Hartshorn , each an ounce , of Raisins of the Sun stoned , one ounce ; boil them in two quarts of Fountain-water , to the consumption of a third part , add of White-wine or Rhenish-wine , half a pint ; strain it presently , and then add to it of the leaves of Water-cresses and Brooklime , and of the tops of Fir , each half an handful , of Juniper-berries , half an ounce ; make a warm Infusion in a close Vessel for about two hours ; keep the strained Liquor in a Glass well stopt , and sweeten it at pleasure . The dose is two or three ounces at nine in the morning , at three in the afternoon , and six in the evening . Take of Lignum Lentiscinum , Rosemary , of the roots of Sarsaparilla , flowering Fern , or of male Fern , each three ounces , of the herbs Agrimony , Maiden-hair , Speedwel , Hartstongue , Sage , Bettony , each two handfuls , of the teps of Fern and Tamarisk , each 2 handfuls , boil them in four Gallons of Ale till one is consumed ; when it has done working in the Vessel , put into a bag 200 Millepides washed in Whitewine , and gently bruised , of Juniper-berries , two ounces , of Nutmegs cut number two , hang the bag in the Vessel , and put a piece of Steel into it to make it sink . If there be any suspicion of the Scurvy , you may add of Water-cresses and Brooklime , each two handfuls ; after a fortnight , let it be drunk for the ordinary drink . But the Medicine which is most approved of in this Disease is ens veneris , five or six grains of it may be taken every night at bed time , in half a spoonful of syrup of Gillyflowers . If the Lungs are stuffed with viscid Humors , as happens often , and the Mesentery with scropholous Glandules , Balsam of Sulphur may be given , three or four drops being mixed with Sugar-candy powdered , and taken morning and evening . Sometimes the use of Steel agrees ; but it must not be used in Coughs , Pleurisies , a stoppage of the Lungs and hectick Fever , and the like . To the foresaid Remedies are sometimes added Diaphoreticks , as a decoction of Guaiacum or the like , which must be taken in Bed , and Sweat must be promoted according to the strength . The Bath-water also is very proper , and is excellent to take off the swelling of the Belly . The following artificial Bath is much commended . Place the Sick in a large Vessel , and put round him warm Barly fermented , which has been a while infused in boiled Water , as is usually done for making Beer ; cover him well , and let him abide in it to provoke sweat . Of the Symptoms . Regard must be had to the Symptoms coming upon this Disease , the most frequent whereof is a Loosness ; for the Cure whereof gentle Catharticks , as an infusion of Rhubarb and Tamarinds , and of Sanders , or a Bolus made of them is of use : But sometimes Astringents , and gentle Opiats may be used ; but Purging and sometimes Vomiting must go before . Sometimes immoderate sweating afflicts the Child , which if it follow a feverish Fit , is critical , and ought not to be rashly stop'd ; but if it flow inordinately , it is a Sign that the Body is oppressed with ill Humors ; and , therefore , this sort of Sweat must be corrected by a gentle Purge , especially with Rhubarb . A Vomit does also good sometimes in this case . Aperitives also , and such things as help Concoction , must not be omitted . Moreover , breeding of the Teeth difficultly is familiar to this Disease , which often occasions a Fever ; in which case , gentle Evacuations , especially by Glisters must be made , tho' sometimes Purging and Vomiting gently are of use . If the Tooth be about to pierce the Gum , Nurses are wont to rub the Gum with a piece of polished Coral ; but the roots of Marshmallows or sharp pointed Dock will do as well : But sometimes it is necessary to cut the Gum to make way for the Tooth , and to apply Blisters behind the Ears ; and if there be great pain and watching , Hypnoticks must be used ; as one or two drachms of Diacodium in a spoonful of Cowslip-water . Besides internal Medicines and chirurgical Helps , external things also must be used , as Exercises of all sorts , and if the Child be able , walking frequently ; if not , he must play sitting , or be carried about in the Nurses Arms , and the like . Frictions are also good in this case , with warm Flannels ; the parts to be rubb'd are the Spine , which is primarly affected , and the muscular Parts ; but with this caution , that you must not rub the Bones where they stick out ; but you may rub freely the concave parts of the Bones . Ligatures are also of use , which are to be made above the Knee and above the Elbow ; but they ought to be soft and loose . Boots are also of use , but you must take care that they press a little upon the protuberant part of the bone , and scarce touch the cavity . Bodice are also to be used to keep the Body upright . Swinging is also necessary . Lastly , we will mention some things that are to be applied outwardly . A fomentation of all sorts of Wine , also common Aqua Vitae is very good to corroborate the nervous parts , which must be used for the weak parts and especially for the Spine ; which being done , the parts must be anointed with Oil , or some proper Ointment , which we shall mention by and by , and instead of Wine , the following Decoction may be used . Take of the roots of Osmund-royal , or of male-fern three ounces , of the leaves of Bettony , Sage , Rosemary , Marjoram , Water-cresses , each one handful , of the flower of Camomel , Melilot and Elder , each one pugil , of the berries of Lawrel and Juniper , each half an ounce ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain Water to a quart , add of White-wine , or of common Aqua Vitae , one pint ; keep the strained Liquor for use . Take of the leaves of Elder , Lawrel , Marjoram , Sage , Rosemary , Bettony and the tops of Lavender , each two handfuls , of the berries of Juniper and Lawrel , each one ounce ; cut them and bruise them , and put them into a Vessel with three pound of May butter , or of fresh butter not salted , and add to them half a pint of Aqua Vitae ; boil them to the consumption of the Aqua Vitae , and while the strained Liquor is hot , add half an ounce of the Oil of Nutmegs by expression , and one drachm of Peruvian balsam ; mingle them , make an Ointment . Instead of May-butter , Beef , Marrow , or Deers Suet , and Oil of Worms or Oil of Foxes , each one pound and an half , may be used . The Ointments must be applied warm before a hot Fire and naked , with a warm hand , till the parts are dry . If the Belly be hard and swelled , the following Ointment must be applied . Take of the Oils of Cappers , Wormwood and Elder , each one ounce , of the Ointment above described , one ounce and an half , of Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar , half an ounce , make a Liniment . Whilst Ointments are applied to the Hypochondres , the bowels must be handled by the Nurse . If the Lungs are affected , the Breast must be anointed with the pectoral Ointment , or with the Ointment of Marsh-mallows , or both mixed together ; and at the time of Unction a little Oil of Nutmegs by expression may be mixed with it . The Nerve-Plaster , or a Plaster of Bettony may be apply'd to the Spine . CHAP. CXV . Of the Gout . THe Gout chiefly seizes those Old Men , who after they have lived the best part of their Lives tenderly , and delicately indulging themselves freely with splendid Banquets , Wine and other spiritous Liquors , at length , by reason of the sloth that always accompanies old Age , wholly omit those excercises of Body , which young Men are accustomed to . Moreover , they who are obnoxious to this Disease have large Skulls , and are most commonly of a gross habit of Body , moist and lax , and of a lusty and luxuriant Constitution , the best and richest foundation for Life . Not that the Gout only seizes those that are corpulent , for sometimes , though seldomer , it invades thin People ; nor does it wait always till they are Old , for sometimes it seizes those that are in the flower of their Age , when they have receiv'd the unhappy Seeds of the Disease from their Parents , as it were ex traduce : Or if this be not the cause , they have too early us'd Venery , or have quite forsook violent Exercises that they us'd formerly . Moreover , they have great Stomachs , and have drank spirituous Liquors immoderately , and afterwards they have suddenly betook themselves to thin and cooling Liquors . I will discourse of this Disease as it proceeds regularly , and afterwards of its anomalous and uncertain Phaenomena . When the Gout is regular , it seizes the Patient most commonly after this manner , about the latter end of January , or at the beginning of February it comes suddenly and for the most part without giving any notice , except that the Patient has been troubled with indigestion and crudities of the Stomach for some Weeks before . Moreover , the Body is oppress'd and puff'd up with Wind , which daily encreases till the Fit thunders upon him ; but a few days before it comes the Thighs are benummed , and there is as it were a descent of Wind through them , with convulsive motions ; and the day before the Fit the Appetite is sharp , but not natural . He goes to Bed , and to sleep well , but at two a clock in the morning is wak'd by the pain , seizing either his great Toe , the Heel , the calf of the Leg or the Ankle : This pain is like that of a dislocated Bone , with the sense as it were of Water almost cold , pour'd upon the Membranes of the part affected , presently shivering or shaking follows , with a feverish disposition , the pain is very gentle but increases by degrees , ( and in like manner the shaking and shivering go off ) and that hourly , till towards night it comes to its height , accommodating it self neatly according to the variety of the Bones of the Tarsus and Metatarsus the Ligaments , whereof it seizes , sometimes in a manner resembling a violent stretching or tearing those Ligaments , sometimes the gnawing of a Dog , and sometimes a Pressure : Moreover , the part affected has such a quick and exquisit pain , that 't is not able to bear the weight of the Cloaths upon it , nor hard walking in the Chamber , and the night is not only pass'd over in pain upon this account , but also by reason of the restless turning hither and thither till two or three a clock in the morning , ( viz. a night and a day being spent from the first approach of the Fit ) at which time the Sick has suddenly ease ; and now being in a breathing sweat , he falls asleep ; when he wakes , he finds the pain much abated , and the part affected swell'd ; the next day , and perhaps two or three days after , if the Matter apt to degenerate the Gout is copious , the part affected will be in pain , but 't will be eased about the Cock's crowing ; within a few days the other Foot will be in pain as the former was ; and if the former has left off aking , the weakness which render'd it infirm , will presently vanish . After it has vext the Feet , the Fits that follow are irregular both as to the time of invasion and duration , yet the pain always returns in the Evening and is less in the Morning ; and of a series of these small Fits , consists that which is call'd a Fit of the Gout . But when the Gout is disturb'd by improper Methods , or by the obstinate continuance of the Disease , the very substance of the Body being as it were perverted to the nourishment of the Disease , and Nature unable to eliminate the same by its wonted method , then the Phaenomina are much different ; for whereas the pain was hitherto only troublesom to the Feet ( which are the genuine seat of the peccant Matter , and if it possesses any other parts , 't is most certain that either the method of the Disease has been alter'd , or that the vigour of the Body is by little and little diminish'd ; ) now it possesses the Hands , Wrists , the Arms , the Knees and other Regions , tormenting these as much as it us'd to do the Feet ; for sometimes distorting one or more of the Fingers , it makes them like a bunch of Parships , taking away the motion by degrees , and at length it generates stony Concretions about the Ligaments of the Joints , sometimes the Matter occasioning the Disease thrust upon the Arms causes a whitish swelling almost as big as an Egg , which is by degrees inflam'd ; sometimes falling upon the Thigh , it feels as if there were a great weight hanging upon it , yet without any considerable pain ; but , passing to the Knee , it handles that more severely . And whereas the Gout before did not use to invade before the latter end of Winter , and was wont to go off after two or three Months , now it continues upon the Sick a whole year , excepting only two or three of the hot Months . The Sick is also afflicted with many other Symptoms , as with a pain of the Hemorrhoidal Veins , and with unsavory Belchings , and upon Yawning , especially in the morning , the Ligaments of the Bones of the Metatarsus are violently pull'd ; and sometimes when Yawning does not go before , the Sick just dropping asleep , suddenly feels a blow , as it were , of a Club breaking in pieces the Metatarsus . Women are very seldom troubled with the Gout , and if they are , not till they are old , or unless they are of a masculine habit of Body . As to the Cure , Bleeding , Purging and Sweating are not indicated ; but the Intention of curing is to be directed to the helping Concoction . Whatsoever , therefore , assists Nature in duly performing her Offices , whether in comforting the Stomach that it may rightly concoct the nourishment , or the Blood that it may well assimulate the Chile brought into it , or the solid Parts that they may the better convert it to their proper substance , the Juices designed for their nourishment and increase . Lastly , whatever preserves the various Organs of Excretion , and the Emunctories of the Body in such a state , as that they may be able to discharge duly and orderly the Excrements of each part : This , and such like , conduce to the answering this intention , and are properly called Digestives , whether they are Medicines or a course of Diet , or Exercise , or any other of those things which are called the six Non-naturals . Medicines of this kind are those in general which moderately heat , and are bitter , or gently bite the Tongue ; for they are very agreeable to the Stomach , they purify the Blood and comfort all the Parts . The Remedy which I use , is made in the following manner . Take of the roots of Angelica , sweet-smelling Flag , Master-wort , Elecampane , leaves of common Wormwood , the lesser Centaury , white Horehound , Germander , Groundpine , Scordium , Calaminth , meadow Saxifrage , S. John's-wort , golden Rod , Feverfew , Thyme , Mint , Sage , Rue , Carduus Benedictus , Penny-royal , Southern-wood , of the flowers of Camomil , Tansie , Lilly of the Vallies , English Saffron , of the seeds of Treacle , Mustard , Garden scurvy-grass , Carraways , Juniper-berries , each a sufficient quantity ; let the herbs and flowers , and roots be gathered when they have most vertue in them ; let them be dried , and kept in Paper-bags till they may be finely powdered : To six ounces of each well mixed , add a sufficient quantity of purified Hony and Canary-wine , to make an Electuary : Take two drachms morning and evening . Or for want of this , use the following . Take of conserve of Garden-scurvygrass , an ounce and an half , of Roman Wormwood and of the yellow rind of Oranges , each one ounce , of candied Angelica , and of Nutmegs candied , each half an ounce , of Venice Treacle , three drachms , of compound Powder of Wake robin , two drachms ; make an Electuary , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Oranges ; let him take two drachms twice a day , drinking upon it five or six spoonfuls of the following water . Take of the roots of Horse-radish sliced , three ounces , of Garden-scurvygrass , twelve handfuls , of Water-cresses , Brooklime , Sage and Mint , each four handfuls , the peels of six Oranges , two Nutmegs bruised , of Brunswick Mum , six quarts ; distil them in a common Still , and draw only six pints of Water for use . Among the Medicines commonly known , Venice-Treacle is the best ; but because it contains a great many Species that heat too much , and besides a great deal of Opium , the Electuary above-mentioned may be more commodiously prepared of the chief heating Vegetables ; but we must take care to chuse such Simples as are pleasant to the taste , for the Sick must take it a long while , viz. almost as long as he lives . Among the Simples , the Peruvian-bark is the best ; for it strengthens the Blood and renders it vigorous , if some Grains of it are taken morning and evening . A Mediocrity is to be observed in Meat and Drink , so that neither more nourishment be taken in than the Stomach can concoct : Nor , on the contrary , must the Parts by too much Abstinence , be defrauded of that proportion whereby their Strength and Vigour ought to be sustained . Morever , as to the quality of the Meat , though things of easy digestion considered by themselves are to be preferred before things of hard digestion , yet regard must be had to the Patient's Palat ; for we must take notice , That that which the Stomach earnestly craves for , though of difficult digestion , is sooner concocted by Nature , than that which is accounted to be of easier digestion , if it be offensive to the Stomach ; but those things that are reckoned of hard digestion , are therefore to be eaten more sparingly : And , I suppose , the Patient ought to feed upon one sort of Meat at a meal ; for various sorts of Flesh eaten at once , disturb the Stomach more than one sort eaten in the same quantity ; as to other things besides Flesh , let him eat at pleasure , if they are not sharp , nor salted , nor spiced . As to the times of eating , a Dinner is only necessary , for the Bed being most proper to digest the Humors , that time ought not to be wasted about concocting the Meat ; therefore , they that are subject to the Gout should not eat Suppers , yet they may allow themselves a large draught of small Beer ; for such are inclinable to breed the Stone in the Kidnies , the concretion whereof is much hindred by such kind of Liquor drunk at this time , the Reins being cooled and cleansed thereby . The drinking of Milk or a Milk-diet , either crude or boiled without any thing else , except perhaps a piece of Bread with it once a day , has been much used this 20 years , and it has done more good to many than any other sort of Remedy for this Disease , as long as they kept to it ; but as soon as they return to common Diet , though of easy digestion , the Gout returned more violently than before , and held them longer ; therefore , he that intends to betake himself to this method , ought , first , to consider seriously whether he can persist in the use of it all his Life long , which perhaps is not in his power , how resolved soever he may be . For I knew a Noble Man , who after he had been dieted with Milk only a whole year with pleasure ( all which time he went to Stool daily once or oftner ) was forced to leave it off by reason he was suddenly bound in Body , and the temper of his Body altered , and because at length his Stomach nauseated Milk , tho' the inclination of his Mind still continued ; but some Hypochondriacal People of a gross habit of Body , or who otherwise have accustomed themselves much and a long while to spirituous Liquors , can by no means bear a Milk-diet . As to Liquors , those in my opinion are best , that are neither as strong as Wine nor as weak as Water , of which sort is our London small Beer , either with or without Hops , for extreams on either hand are hurtful . But now though it may be sufficient for him that has the Gout but little and at sometimes only , to use small Beer and diluted Wine , the degree of his Disease not requiring more severe usage ; yet when the whole substance of the Body is as it were degenerated into the Gout , he will be less able to conquer the Disease , who does not wholly abstain from any sort of fermented Liquors though small and mild ; therefore , a dietetick Drink must be prescribed for his ordinary Drink . The following pleases me best . Take of Sarsaparilla , six ounces , of Sassafras , China and the shavings of Hartshorn , each two ounces , of Liquorish , one ounce ; 〈◊〉 them in two gallons of Fountain-water for half an hour , afterwards let them stand covered in hot ashes 12 hours ; afterwards boil them to the consumption of a third part : As soon as it is taken from the fire , infuse in it half an ounce of Anniseeds ; after two hours strain it , and let it stand till it is clear ; keep the clear Liquor in Glass-bottles for use . This Liquor is most conveniently us'd at first when the Patient recovers of the Fit , and he must persevere in the use of it all the rest of his Life , as well when he has the Fits as at other times ; at the same time the foresaid Electuary must be us'd daily , as well in the Fits as when they are off . Yet if the Sick , by reason of a long and too great use of intoxicating Liquors , or by reason of old Age or Weakness cannot concoct his Meat without Wine or some other fermented Liquor , he cannot leave it off suddenly without great danger , the doing whereof has been fatal to very many ; therefore , in my Opinion , he shou'd not use the dietetick Apozem at all . The Sick must go to bed early ; for besides Bleeding and Purging , nothing does so much destroy the strength of Nature as watching a-nights . Moreover , Tranquility of Mind must by all means be obtain'd ; but the exercise of the Body is more profitable than all other things that are us'd to hinder the indigestion of the Humors , and to corroborate the Blood and to restore strength to the parts ; but unless 't is used daily 't will do no good , yet it must not be violent . As to the kind of Exercise , riding on Horseback , when old Age and the Stone do not hinder , is much to be preferr●d before the rest ; if this cannot be used , riding in a Coach does almost as well : And on this account , at least , it is well with gouty People , for their Riches , which enticed them to Luxury , whereby the Disease was bred , can provide them a Coach , which kind of exercise they may use , when they cannot the other : But it is to be observed , that it is best to use exercise in a good Air , viz. in the Country , and not in the City , where the Air is filled with Vapors exhaling from the Shops of various Artificers , and thickned by the closeness of the Buildings , as it is here in London , which is generally supposed to be the largest City in the whole World. As to Venery , old and gouty People must not indulge themselves in it . But notwithstanding what has been said of the utility of exercise in the Fits of the Gout ; if the Sick , by reason of the violence of the Fit is as it were overwhelmed presently by the first assault of it , which happens to those , for the most part , in whom the Gout has now come to its height , nor is yet grown gentle by a course of many years ; In this case , if the Sick is confined to a Chamber , it will also be convenient that he keep his bed for some of the first days , till the violence of the pain is abated ; for the bed does somewhat supply the want of Exercise : For the continual use of it does more powerfully digest the morbisick Matter in a few days , than keeping up in many , especially at the beginning of the Disease , if the Sick can abstain from Flesh without fainting or other ill Symptoms , and can be contented only with Barly-broath , small Beer , and the like . But you must take notice , that if the Gout is inveterate and inclines the Sick to Fainting , Gripes and Loosness , and such kind of Symptoms , he will scarce avoid being destroyed by one of the Fits , if he do not use Exercise in a free and open Air ; for a great many gouty People , perish by these Symptoms , whereunto they have been obnoxious by being confin'd to their Chambers , and especially to their Beds , whereas had they bore the fatigue of riding in a Coach the greatest part of the day , they had not died so soon . But as to the Symptoms of the Gout , we must apply our selves to those whereby the Life of the Patient is endangered , viz. the debility and faintness of the Stomach with Gripes of the Belly ; for the Sickness and faintness , a small draught of Canary Wine is very good . But if any great Symptom , scarce bearing a truce , comes suddenly , by reason of striking in of the gouty Matter , and threatens Death , we must neither trust to the Wine nor to the Exercise above commended ; but in this case , if it does not fall upon the Head , but upon the natural or vital Parts , we must presently fly to Laudanum , viz. give 20 drops of liquid Laudanum , mixed with a small draught of Epidemick Water , and let the Patient compose himself to rest in his Bed. But if the Matter occasioning the Gout produces a Loosness , because it is not yet cast upon the Limbs , if it be not the crisis of a particular Fit , and if notwithstanding the Laudanum above commended , and Exercise of all sorts ( for these must be first used for the cure of the Diarrhaea ) the Loosness continues accompanied with Sickness and Gripes , there is only one Remedy that I know of , viz. to provoke Sweat by a method , and Medicines designed for this use , which if it be done two or three days , Morning and Evening , for two or three hours at a time , it most commonly stops the Loosness , and forces the Disease upon the Limbs . There is another Symptom not so frequent , though I have seen it divers times , viz. a translation of the peccant Matter upon the lobes of the Lungs , when a Winter-cough , by reason of cold taken in the time of the Fit , has by degrees drawn the Matter upon the Lungs . In this one case , the curative Indication is not to be directed to the Gout , but this Symptom is to be treated as a true Peripneumonia , by Bleeding repeated , and cooling and thickning Remedies and Diet. Moreover , the Sick must be purged betwixt the Bleedings ; but Sweating does hurt in this case . Moreover , it is to be noted , That almost all gouty People , when they have been conflicted a long while with this Disease , are subjected to the Stone in the Kidnies , most commonly at the declination of a general Fit. In this case , setting aside all other Medicines , let him presently take a Gallon of Posset-drink , wherein two ounces of the roots of Marshmallows have been boiled , and let the following Glister be injected . Take of the roots of Marshmallows and Lillies , each one ounce , of the leaves of Mallows , Pellitory of the Wall , Bears-breech , and of the flowers of Camomil , each one handful , of Flax and Fenugreek-seeds , each half an handful ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water ; dissolve in the strained Liquor , of brown Sugar and syrup of Marshmallows , each two ounces ; mingle them , and make a Glister . As soon as he has rendred all the Posset-drink by Vomiting , and has ejected the Glister , let him take a large dose of liquid Laudanum , viz. 25 drops , or 15 grains of Mathew's Pill . If any one inquires for external Remedies to ease the pain of the Gout , I have hitherto known none , excepting things meerly cooling and repelling , which are very dangerous ; and I confidently affirm , That the greatest part of those who have perished in the Gout , have not so properly been killed by the Disease , as by an improper use of Medicines ; therefore , if the pain be very violent , it will be better for the Sick to keep himself a bed till the pain is a little abated , than to use external Anodynes . But it will not be amiss to take a little Laudanum in the Evening , if the pain is intollerable , otherwise it will be better to omit it . CHAP. CXVI . Of a Rheumatism . THIS Disease comes at any time , but especially in the Autumn , and it chiefly seizes those that are in the flower of their Age , and it begins most commonly upon the following occasion , viz. the Sick catches Cold after having been much heated with violent Exercise , or any other way . It begins with Shaking , and Shivering and Heat , Restlessness , Thirst , and the other unhappy train of Symptoms which accompany Fevers , follow , after a day or two , and sometimes sooner , the Sick is seized with a violent pain sometimes in one Limb , sometimes in another in the Wrists , Shoulders , Knees especially , which changing place , seizes them by turns , redness and swelling remaining in the part which was last affected . There is another sort of this Disease , though it is commonly thought of another kind , it may be properly called Lumbago Rheumatica , viz. a violent and fixed pain about the region of the Loins , which sometimes reaching to the Os sacrum , resembles the Stone in the Kidnies , only the Sick does not vomit . This violent pain , unless it be removed in the same manner the former is , lasts as long , and is full as painful . Having seriously considered that this Disease arises from an Inflammation , I thought it was probable it might be cured by a simple cooling Diet moderately nourishing , as well as by Bleeding repeated , and a Whey-diet I found did as well as Bleeding . Mr. Malthus , an Apothecary , an honest and ingenious Man , was seized violently with a Rheumatism ; and because he was of a weakly and dry habit of Body , I was afraid he would not be able to bear large Bleeding ; and therefore I ordered , That he should be dieted with Whey alone for four days : Afterwards , besides the Whey , I allowed him white Bread for Dinner ; being contented with this Diet , he continued it for 18 days , only at last he eat Bread for Supper also . He drank daily four quarts of Whey ; afterwards , when he went abroad , he eat Chicken , and other things of easy digestion ; but every third day he was dieted with Whey only , till he was quite well . But how well soever a Whey-diet may agree with young People , and with those that live temperately , it is not safe to treat old People so , or such as have too much addicted themselves a long while to Wine , and other spirituous Liquors , for in such it will weaken the Stomach and chill the Blood , and so cause a Dropsie . In this case , therefore , it is necessary to bleed twice or thrice , and after the second , or at most after the third Bleeding , to purge very often till all the Symptoms quite cease with Lenitives , as with Tamarinds , Sena , Rhubarb , Manna and syrup of Roses solutive ; and you must give , every night after Purging , one ounce of Diacodium , somewhat earlier than is usual . But here we must take notice of a Symptom like a Rheumatism , which also sometimes resembles a nephritick pain , but it proceeds from an Ague , and must be cur'd as that is . There is also another sort of Rheumatism which comes near the Scurvy , and requires in a manner the same Cure ; and , therefore , I call it a scorbutick Rheumatism ; the pain seizes sometimes this , sometimes that part , but seldom swells ; nor is it accompanied with a Fever , nor is it so fixt , but is of a more wandering and uncertain disposition , and accompanied with irregular Symptoms : Sometimes it seizes this or that Member , and then presently it affects only the inner Parts , and occasions Sickness , which goes off again , when the pain of the external Parts returns , and so afflicts the Patient by turns , and continues a long while like those Diseases that are accounted most Chronical , it chiefly seizes Women , and Men of a weakly nature . They who for a long while have us'd the Peruvian-bark are subject to this Disease , which , by the by , is the only inconvenience I ●ver knew follow upon the use of this Remedy ; but , however it be , whether the Disease take its rise on this occasion , or from any other cause , 't is very easily cur'd by the following Remedies ; which should have been kept secret , if I had a greater regard to my private Advantage than to the publick Good ; for by these alone , I have cured many Afflicted after the manner I have described . Take of fresh Conserve of Garden scurvy-grass , two ounces , of Wood-sorrel , one ounce , of the compound Powder of Wake-robin , six drachms ; make an Electuary , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Oranges . The dose is two drachms , to be taken thrice a day for a month , drinking upon it three ounces of the following Water . Take of Garden scurvy-grass , eight handfuls , of Water-cresses , Brook-lime , Sage and Mint , each four handfuls , of the peels of six Oranges , of Nutmegs bruised half an ounce ; infuse them in six quarts of Brunswick-mum , and distil them in a common Still , and draw off three quarts for use . The precise dose of the compound Powder of Wake-robin must be observed , or , at least , it must not be lessened . CHAP. CXVII . Of the Pestilential Fever , and of the Plague of the years 1665 and 1666. THE Plague rarely rages violently in England oftener than once in the space of 30 or 40 years : The last dreadful Plague destroyed 8000 in the space of a Week , notwithstanding that two thirds , at least , of the Citizens of London fled into the Country for fear of the Infection . Its first approach was always accompanied with shaking and shivering like the Fits of an Ague , presently violent Vomitings , a pain about the region of the Heart as if it were pressed , a burning Fever , with the usual concourse of Symptoms perpetually molest the Sick , till either Death it self , or a happy eruption of a Bubo or Parotis , discharges the morbifick Matter , and so frees them from that deplorable condition . It does , indeed , now and then happen , but it is seldom that it comes without any sense of a Fever before , and suddenly destroys Men , the Purple-spots , which are the Fore-runners of present Death , breaking out , as they are about their Business . It sometimes also happens , That Tumors appear , when neither a Fever , nor any other grievous Symptom went before . As to the Cure , if a Tumour has not broke out , I bleed moderately with respect to the strength and temperament of the Sick , and afterwards a Sweat is easily and soon raised ( whereas otherwise it is not only very difficulty procured , but there is also danger , lest the Inflammation should be heightned by it , and so the Tokens forced out ) and the benefit of the Sweat immediately following abundantly , compensates the loss of Blood , which how little soever it be , would otherwise be very injurious . After Bleeding , which must be performed in Bed ( when all things are in a readiness to promote Sweat ) without any manner of delay ; I order the Patient to be covered quite over with Cloaths , and that a piece of Flannel be bound to the forepart of his Head ; and , indeed this covering of the Head conduces more to the procuring Sweat than any one would easily imagine ; afterwards , if the Patient does not vomit , I give these and the like Sudorificks . Take of Venice Treacle , two drachms , of the Electuary of the Egg , one scruple , of compound Powder of Crabs Eyes , twelve grains , of Cochinel , eight grains , of Saffron , four grains , with a sufficient quantity of the juice of Kermes ; make a Bolus , which let him take every sixth hour , drinking after it six spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of Carduus water , compound Scordium water , each three ounces ; of Treacle water two ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep . But if the Patient be troubled with Vomiting , as he is very frequently in the Plague and other pestilential Fevers , I defer the giving of Sudorificks so long as till he begins to Sweat by means of the covering only , excepting that sometimes I put part of the Sheet over the Face to collect the Vapors , for ( which is indeed very well worth Observation ) when the Rays of the morbifick Matter extend themselves to the circumference of the Body , the Loosness and Vomiting that were occasioned by their being inwardly reflected and cast upon the Stomach and Bowels , cease presently of their own accord ; so that how great soever the preceding subversion of the Stomach was , the Medicines that are taken afterwards are easily retained , and procure Sweat as well as can be wished . I order , That the Sweat should be continued for the space of a natural day , by Sage-posset-drink or Mace-ale , now and then taken ; and I strictly forbid , That the Patient should be any way cleansed ; neither indeed do I permit , that the Shirt , how moist and foul soever it be , should be changed within the space of 24 hours from the end of the Sweat , which I would have observed with the greatest caution . But if the Sweat be circumscribed in a narrower compass of time , the violence of the Symptoms soon returns , and the health of the Patient is very uncertain , which a longer continuance of the Sweat would have put out of danger . If any defection be perceived towards the latter end , I permit the Sick to take a little Chicken-broath , the yolk of an Egg or the like , which with Cordials and Draughts commonly used to keep up the Sweat , abundantly repair the Strength . I admonish , that Cold be carefully avoided , that their Cloaths dry on their Body of their own acc●●d , and that all Drinks are taken somewhat hot , and that the use of Sage-posset-drink be continued for the space of 24 hours after the Sweat. The next morning I give a common Purge , viz. of the infusion of Tamarinds , of the leaves of Sena , of Rhubarb , Manna and syrup of Roses solutive ; and with this method , the next year after the Plague , I recovered very many that were seized with the Pestilential Fever , so that not one died of this Disease that was under my care , after I began the use of the same . But where the Tumor has been out already , I have not hitherto ventured to bleed , though in a Body unapt to sweat , fearing least the sudden death of the Patient should prevent the designed sweat , by reason of the morbifick Matter flowing back to the empty Veins ; yet perhaps Bleeding may be very safely administred , if a sweat be procured presently after it , without any manner of delay , which being prolonged to the space above required , may be able to dissipate and consume by little and little the whole bulk of the Humor , and with much less danger than when a legitimate maturation of the Imposthume ( which is very uncertain and fallible in so very acute a Disease ) is long waited for . CHAP CXVIII . Of the regular Small-Pox . THere are two sorts of them ; either they are Distinct or Confluent . The Distinct begin with a shivering and coldness , which is presently follow'd with excessive heat , a violent pain in the Head and Back , Vomiting , a great propensity to Sweat ; I mean in grown Persons , for I never yet observed any such disposition in Children , either before or after they came out ; a pain at the cavity of the Breast , beneath the region of the Heart , if it be pressed with the Hand , dulness and sleepiness , especially in Children , and sometimes Convulsive Fits ; and if these happen to them that have all their Teeth , I reckon the Small-Pox are at hand , which most commonly coming out a few Hours after , sufficiently answer the Prognostication : For instance , if the Child has a Convulsive Fit in the Evening , as it usually happens , the Small-Pox appear the next Morning ; and moreover I have very often observ'd , that when they come immediately after these Fits , they rise in large Pustles , and are mild and favourable , and seldom flux : And these for the most part were the Symptoms which accompanied this Disease at its beginning , and preceded the eruption of the Pustles . But here it is proper to acquaint you , that sometimes it happened so , that in a looser texture of the Blood , which is easily changed , the course of separation was passed over gradually without any violent sickness , before the expulsion of the Matter discover'd it self , by the eruption of the Pustles . The Distinct Small-Pox usually come out on the fourth day inclusively , and sometimes a little later , but rarely before , at which time , for the most part , the symptoms are very much abated , or totally vanish , and the Patient thinks himself very well ; only grown People are so disposed to Sweat , that they can scarce be kept from it , though they have little or no Cloaths on them , which disposition does not leave them till the Pustles begin to ripen , and then it vanishes of its own accord : The eruption is after this manner , first Pimples as big as small Pins heads here and there shew themselves , and first of all in the Face , Neck and Breast , and afterwards in the whole Body . At this time the Jaws are affected with a pain that increases as the Pustles rise , which growing daily bigger and higher , inflame the neighbouring skin and Flesh ; for about the eighth day from the first approach of the Sickness , which I always diligently observe in this Disease , the spaces between , that before were somewhat white , now begin to be red and swell more or less , according to the number of the Pustles , with a tensive and launcing pain of these Parts , which increasing , hourly occasions the Inflammation and Swelling ; so that in progress of this Disease the Eye-lids are so filled up and extended , that the Patient is sometimes depriv'd of Sight , and when they are thus Tumified , they shine and are like a Bladder blowed up ; and if a greater number of Pustles besiege the Eyes at the first eruption , they sooner retire to their dark Mansions ; next after the Face , the Hands and Fingers , swell more or less , according to the number of the Pustles : The Pustles that were smooth and red to this day , are now grown rough and somewhat white , which is indeed the first sign of their coming to maturity ; moreover , they cast out by degrees a certain yellowish Matter , in colour like a Hony-comb , and the inflammation of the Face and hands , when it is at height , causes a very florid Colour , not unlike a Damask-Rose , in the spaces between the Small-Pox . On the Eleventh the Tumour and Inflammation of the Face manifestly diminish , and on the Fourteenth or Fifteenth day totally vanish . That sort of Small-pox which we call the Flux , has the same Symptoms with the Distinct , only they are more violent ; the Sickness , the Vomiting , the Fever , and the Restlesness , rage more violently : Moreover , a Loosness sometimes precedes the Eruption , and continues a day or two after it . This sort comes out generally on the third day , sometimes before , scarce ever after it . But it is to be Noted , when some grievous Symptom afflicts the Patient before the eruption , as a most violent pain , sometimes in the region of the Loins , like a fit of the Stone ; sometimes in the Side , like a Pleurisie , sometimes in the Limbs , like a Rheumatism ; lastly in the Stomach , with violent Sickness and Vomiting ; In these cases I have observed the Small-pox to come out later than ordinary . And in the nex place , I must acquaint you , that the Fever and other symptoms molest the sick many days after the coming out of the Pustles . This sort comes out sometimes like an Erysipelas , sometimes like the Measles , and as to the outward appearance they cannot be distinguished by any but those that are very conversant in this Distemper ; yet he that shall diligently consider the great difference as to the time of eruption in these Diseases , and other Circumstances which he may gather from the History of each of them , will easily be able to distinguish them . These do not rise so high as the Distinct , especially those in the Face ; after the eighth day they begin to change into a duskish Colour . There are two other Symptoms that attend the Flux-pox , which are as considerable as the Pustles or Swelling , viz. Salivation in grown People , and a Loosness in Children . The first of these is so perpetual a Concomitant , that I never knew but one that had the Confluent kind and was free from Salivation ; but the latter , viz. a Loosness , does not so certainly vex Children that have this sort . Sometimes Salivation discovers it self at the first coming out , sometimes not till a day or two after ; first the matter is thin and easily spit up , so that the sick foul a great many Cloaths in a nights time ; but about the Eleventh day it is most commonly more clammy , so that it is difficulty hawked up , the Sick is thirsty , and now and then coughs as he drinks . A Loosness does not invade Children so soon , as spitting does old People ; but at what time soever it comes , if it be not stopped by Art , it continues through the whole course of the Disease . In both kinds of small Pox , the Fever is highest from the beginning to the eruption ; after which it is more moderate , till the Pustles begin to ripen , and afterwards it totally evanishes . I have always observed , that when the disease was violent , the sick had , as it were , a Fit in the evening ; and then the Symptoms raged more cruelty . In the next place I will treat of the irregular Symptoms that happen in this disease , when it is unskilfully handled . It is to be noted , therefore , that the irregular Symptoms that occur on the eight Day , in the distinct small Pox , and those that happen on the eleventh in the Flux , always reckoning from the first approach of the Disease , are of very great moment with respect either to the Life or Death of the patient ; and , therefore , they ought to be exactly weighed ; for it is manifest that the greatest part of those that die of either sort , die on the days above-mentioned . When Sweat is promoted much by Cordials and hot Regimen , the Particles are eliminated , which should have served to elevate the Pustles , and to swell the Face on the Eight Day ; and it appears flaccid and white , and the Sweat , which flowed freely to this day , now ceases of its own accord , nor it can it be raised again with the hottest Cordials : The patient is taken light-headed of a sudden , with Anxiety , violent Sickness and restlessness , he makes Water often , but little at a time , and in the space of a very few hours , takes leave of his Friends , and repairs to his long home . But in the Flux the Sick is in the greatest danger , and most commonly dies on the 11th Day ; for the Salivation which hitherto preserved the Patient is wont to cease of its own accord at this time : Therefore , unless the swelling of the Face persists a little longer , and that of the Hands now manifestly beginning supplies it's place , the sick must necessarily perish : But it happens too often in this hot Disease , that the Cras●s of the blood being weakened , and broke by an over-hot Regimen , and being so highly inflamed , that it is no longer able to exterminate leasurely the inflammatory Particles , ( to say nothing at present of those Mischiefs that are occasioned by sweat unseasonably forced ) so that either the Face or Hands do not swell at all , or the Tumour vanishes with the Salivation . There are yet other symptoms that happen at any time of the Disease , and belong as well to the distinct small Pox as the Flux . As a Frensie , a Coma and Purple Spots , which are most commonly the forerunners of Death ; and sometimes there is a bloody Urin , or Blood is cast up from the Lungs , both these Hemorrhages happen most commonly at the beginning of the Disease , before the Pustles come out ; sometimes also there is a total suppression of Urine . There are also other symptoms that sometimes arise from a cause contrary to those above mention'd , when the Patient has been injured by violent Cold or excessive Bleeding , or by being over purg'd , viz. the Pustles fall of a sudden , and a Loosness supervenes , so that the Patient , if he be Adult , is in great danger ; moreover , the Tumour of the Face and Hands is repell'd on this account . But the Symptoms that proceed from taking Cold very rarely occur , for what those do that are occasioned by too hot a Regimen . As soon as the Signs of this Disease shew themselves , I keep the sick from the open Air , and forbid them the use of Wine and Flesh , and allow them small Beer gently warmed with a Tost for their ordinary Drink , and now and then permit them to drink as much of it as they will , I order them for their Victuals , Oatmeal and Barly Broaths , and rosted Apples , and other things , which are neither too hot nor cold , nor too hard to be digested ; I forthwith prohibit a hot Regimen and the use of all manner of Cordials . On the fourth day I commit the sick to his Bed ; and then if they come not out well , some gentle Cordial may be properly prescribed , at least for once , to drive out the Pustles . Among the Medicines for this purpose , those they call Paregoricks , such as liquid Laudanum , Diascordium , and the like , if they be mixed in a small quantity with some proper cordial Waters excell the rest : But it is to be noted , That if I am call'd to a strong young Man , who has besides given occasion to the Disease by excessive drinking of Wine , or any Spirituous Liquor whatsoever , I reckon it not sufficient for the restraining of the ebullition of the Blood , that he abstrain from his Bed and Cordials ; unless , moreover , he be blooded in the Arm. When the Pustles first come out , I then diligently consider whether they be of the distinct or confluent kind , because they differ exceedingly one from the other , though they agree as to some symptoms . If , therefore , from the bigness and paucity of the Pustles , and the slowness of their coming out , and from the vanishing of sickness and other symptoms , which tire the Patient after the eruption of the flux Pox , it appear that they are the distinct sort , I take care that the sick be refreshed with small Beer , Oatmeal and Barly-gruel , and the like . And if the small Pox be but few , and in Summer-time , and that very hot , I see no reason why the Patient should be kept stifled up in Bed , and why he may not rather rise a few hours every day , provided the inconveniencies of too much Cold or Heat may be prevented by the place and cloathing ; but if either the cold season of the Year , or a large eruption of the Pustles , put the Patient under a necessity of keeping his Bed continually , I take care that he lie not hotter nor has more Cloaths on him than when he was in health , and that he have a Fire kindled only morning and evening , unless it be Winter ; nor do 〈◊〉 require that he should be always fixed to one place , lest he sweat , which I confidently affirm cannot be promoted without great danger . When the Disease is going off , it is proper to give three or four spoonfulls of Canary-Wine hot , or some other temperate Cordial Medicine . At the same time also , a little hotter and more Cordial-diet may be allowed . For instance , Sugar-so●s , and Oatmeal-candie and the like ; nor is there need of any other thing at all in the distinct and gentle sort , if the Patient will suffer himself to be treated moderately in this method and diet , unless by change Restlessness , or Watchings , should now and then persuade the use of a Paregorick . But if the small Pox Flux , the case is very hazardous ; for I reckon this sort is no less different from the other than the Plague is from this ; though among the Vulgar , who take names and words for things , the cure of both is said to be the same ; for towards the end of the disease the sick is in great danger , viz. on the 11th Day in the common Flux-pox , on the 14th Day in a worser sort , and the 17th Day in the worst sort : But sometimes , though rarely , one the 21st Day , the Fever , the Restlessness and other symptoms invading together , whereby the sick is generally destroyed , unless Art relieve him : Wherefore , seeing there is so much danger when they Flux , the Physician should endeavour all he can to hinder their Fluxing , by bleeding presently in the Arm , if there be the least suspicion of the Flux-pox , and by giving a Vomit afterwards , and by keeping the sick up till the 6th Day from the first sickness . Afterwards he must be put to Bed , and keep there to the end of the disease ; but he must have no more Cloaths on , nor a greater fire in his Chamber than he used to have when he was well , and he must drink freely of small Beer or other cooling Liquors . But because , notwithstanding the sick frequently grows hot , lightheaded , and restless , I give an Anodyne every Night , but a little earlier than is usual ; because in this Disease , a fit of heat and restlessness comes almost every day towards the evening . But , which is to be lamented , notwithstanding these things , and all other Physical Helps , the sick is very often seized on the 11th Day , or on some other of those Days , which we said , were most fatal in the various kinds of Flux-pox , with a violent Fever , difficulty of breathing , and restlessness , and dies suddenly . In this case nothing is more effectual than the taking away of ten or twelve ounces of Blood , and in the evening a large Anodine must be given , as before ; and so afterwards morning and evening , and sometimes oftener ; for it is diligently to be noted , that in some the fury of the Disease is so high , that a very large dosed Anodyne cannot stop its force in 12 hours ; in which case it is necessary to repeat the Anodyne every 6th or every 8th hour . But because it happens often at the latter end of the Disease , that the Body is bound up so much , that the sick is like to be suffocated , and consequenrly is in great danger ; in this I have given successfully an ounce and an half of Lenitive Electuary dissolved in four ounces of Succory-water or the like ; which Draught gives some stools before night ; but if it does not , an Anodyne must be given in the evening , and sooner , notwithstanding the Purge , if great Restlessness or some considerable sickness threaten danger . If , therefore , the Purge does not answer the first day , it must be repeated the next , and then it seldom fails , and in this manner Bleeding and Purging may be repeated by Intervals , as occasion requires . But it is to be noted , that the sick must not be purged till the 13th day or after , nor then , unless Bleeding has gone before . For spitting of Blood and a bloody Urine coming upon the small Pox , for both these Hemorraghes come sometimes at the beginning of the Disease : After bleeding largely once , give an Anodyne . Take of red Poppy water , two ounces , of liquid Laudanum , 14 drops , of distill'd Vinegar , three drachms , of Diacodium , half an ounce ; make a Draught to be repeated every night at bed time . Take of Troches of Lemnian Earth and of Bole-armenick , each one drachm , of sealed Earth , Bloodstone , Dragon's-blood and red Coral prepared , each half a drachm , of Mastich and Gum-arabick , each one scruple ; mingle them , make a fine Powder , whereof let him take half a drachm every third hour in a spoonful of syrup of Comfry , drinking upon it four or five spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of Plantain and Oak-buds , each three ounces , of Cinnamon-water Hordeate , two ounces , of syrup of dried Roses , one ounce ; make it a little acid with spirit of Vitriol . Emulsions also of the four greater cold Seeds with white Popies do a great deal of good . But after the Hemorrhage is stopt , you must proceed according to the method described in the small Pox. Great care must be taken that the Salivation continue according to the manner of it , from the beginning to the 12th or 13th day ; for if it quite stop before the 11th day , the Sick is in great danger : It may be much promoted by ordering the Sick to drink freely small Beer , or any other Liquor , which is neither heating nor provokes sweat . In the next place the Loosness in Children must be permitted , because it evacuates the morbifick matter . At last , when the Pustles are crusty and hard , I use to anoint the Face often with Oyl of sweet Almonds . If in the distinct small Pox the Face does not swell , I give an Anodyne presently ; but if the Patient be light-headed and very sick , and makes Water often , but little at a time , he can be relieved no other way , Death being near at hand , than by giving Narcoticks freely , or by taking away a large quantity of Blood , and by exposing the Body to the Air ; but I would not be so understood here as if in every Phrensy coming upon the small Pox , there being no Symptom more frequent , that I should advise Bleeding presently ; but only in that which therefore happens , because the Face does not swell in the distinct kind , tho' there be a great number of Pustles . If in the Flux-Pox the Spitle be so thick and clammy that the Sick is in danger of being suffocated , which happens often on the 11th day , a Gargarism must necessarly be prescibed , and must be ordered to be used often Day and Night : It may be made of small Beer or Barly-water , with Hony of Roses . Or , the following may be used . Take of the bark of Elm , six drachms , of Liquorice , half a drachm , of Raisins of the Sun ston'd number twenty , of red Roses , two pugils ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water to a pint and an half : In the strained Liquor dissolve of simple Oxymel , and of Hony of Roses , each two ounces ; mingle them , make a Gargarism . But when the sick is in danger to be suffocated every moment , and is stupid , an ounce and an half of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum must be given , for a less Dose will not work , by reason of the stupidity of the sick . But this Remedy does not always do the business . The Coma may be easily relieved by the help of a moderate Regimen . For a Suppression of Urine , which sometimes afflicts young and brisk People , nothing does so well as taking the Sick out of Bed ; and after he has walked twice or thrice cross the Room , by the assistance of the By-standers , he will presently make Water freely , and be much relieved thereby . But the Symptoms arising from catching cold , or by Evacuations unduly used , whereby the small Pox are struck in , must be removed by Cordials , and an agreeable Regimen ; but they must not be continued after the Symptoms are gone off : The chief of these are a flatting of the Pustles , and a Loosness in the distinct small Pox ; for in the Flux a depression of the Pustles is natural ; nor is a Loosness dangerous in Children . In both these cases , a Cordial-potion made of distilled Waters , Diascordium , liquid Laudanum , and the like , is proper , not only to remove these Symptoms , but also at any time of the Disease , if the Sick complain of a pain at the Heart , or of sickness . But to speak the truth , Symptoms of this kind are very rare , compared with those which owe their original to the other extream , which is more fatal , though less blamed . When the Patient is mending , and the Pustles are falling off , after he has 〈◊〉 Meat a few days , namely , about the 21st or 22d day , I think he ought to be blooded , if the Disease has been violent ; and , after Bleeding , he must be purged three or four times . But sometimes after the Sick has recovered of the Flux-Pox , and rises daily , he has great swellings in his Legs ; but they either go off of themselves , or are easily cured after Bleeding and Purging , by the use of emollient and discutient Herbs boiled in Milk , as Mallows , the leaves of Mullein , Elder , Bays , with the flowers of Camomil and Melilot . The distinct irregular small Pox of the years 1670 , 1671 and 1672 , differed from the general distinct small Pox in the following things : First , the Eruption was generally on the third day , and then in the process of the Disease the Pustles did not arrive to a due bigness ; and towards the end , when they began to ripen , they seemed black . Moreover , there was a salivation sometimes , though rarely , when there were very few Pustles : But the flux-Pox differed in many things from the other Flux-Pox ; for they came out sometimes on the second , sometimes on the third day , in the form of a redish Tumour covering the whole Face , and thicker than an Erysipelas , and scarce any visible distance betwixt the Pustles , with a heap of almost infinite , red , angry Pimples running into one , and disguising the whole Body between the Pustles ; especially in the Thighs appeared some little Bladders very conspicuous like a burn , and distended with clear Water , which flowed out plentifully , when the skin was broken , the Flesh underneath being black like a Mortification . But this dreadful symptom seldom happened . The Fever , and all other symptoms which either preceded or accompanied this kind of small Pox were more violent than in other sorts of Pox , and had a greater Inflammation . The free use of the white Decoction and Milk-water did a great deal of good in this sort . The Flux of the Courses , which happens often to Women when they have this Disease , requires a free use of these Liquors , if they flow at an unusual time . A Gentlewoman that had this black sort of Pox was seized with so large a Flux of the Courses at an unusual time , that the Women about her thought she had miscarried , and tho' this Symptom continued many days , yet I continually used the Milk-water through the whole course of the Disease . CHAP. CXIX . Of the Measles . THIS Disease chiefly invades Infants , and all those that are together in the same House . It begins with shaking and shivering , and with an inequality of heat and cold , which mutually expel one another the first day ; the second day it ends in a perfect Fever with violent sickness , drowth and want of Appetite , the Tongue is white but not dry , there is a tickling Cough with a heaviness of the Head and Eyes accompanied with a perpetual drowsiness , and for the most part a Humour distils from the Eyes and Nose , and this effusion of Tears is a certain sign of the approaching Measles . To which this is to be added , no less certain , that tho' this Disease shews it self most commonly in the Face after the manner of little swellings in the skin , yet in the Breast rather red spots than swellings are perceived , arising no higher than the superficies of the skin ; the Patient sneezes as if he had taken cold , and the Eye-lids swell a little before the Eruption ; he vomits , but is oftner troubled with a Loosness with greenish Stools : But this chiefly happens to Children that are breeding their Teeth , and they are frowarder in this Disease than they are wont to be for the most part ; the symptoms increase till the fourth day , at which time generally , ( though sometimes they are deferred ) little red spots like Fleabites begin to come out about the Forehead and other parts of the Face , and being increased in number and magnitude branch into one another , and so paint the Face with large red spots of various Figures , which are occasioned by little red Wheals , not far distant one from another , that are elevated a little above the superficies of the skin , and their Protuberances may be perceived by a gentle touch , though they can scarce be seen . These spots spread themselves by degrees from the Face , which at first they only possess'd to the Breast , Belly , Thighs and Legs : But they affect the Trunk and Members with redness only , without any sensible inequality of the Skin . The symptoms of the Measles do not abate by the Eruption , as in the small Pox , yet I never observed the Vomiting afterwards ; but the Cough and Fever increase , with the difficulty of Breathing , weakness of the Eyes , and the defluxion on them , with perpetual drowziness and want of Appetite , continuing the same as before . On the 6th day , or thereabouts , the Skin breaking , and the Pustles drying off , the Forehead and Face grow rough , and at that time the spots in other parts of the Body are very large and very read . About the 8th day , the spots in the Face vanish , and are scarce perceived in the rest of the Body : But on the 9th day they totally disappear , and as we said the Measles most commonly vanish on the 8th day , at which time the Vulgar , being deceived by reckoning upon the time the small Pox use to last , affirm , They are struck in , tho' really they have finished their course , and they think that these symptoms which come upon their going off are occasioned by their being struck in so soon : For it is to be noted , That the Fever and difficulty of Breathing are increased at that time , and the Cough is more vexatious , so that the Patient can neither sleep night nor day . Children are chiefly subject to these ill symptoms , which appear now at the going off of the Measles by reason of too hot a Regimen or hot Medicines that were used to force them out ; and by this means they are cast into a Peripneumonia , which destroys more than the small Pox or any symptom belonging to it ; and yet the Measles are not at all dangerous if they are skilfully managed . And among the rest of the ill symptoms , a Loosness often happens , which either presently succeeds the Disease , or continues many Weeks after it and all its symptoms are gone off , not without great danger to the Patient by reason of a continual loss of Spirits ; and sometimes after a very hot Regimen , the Measles are first livid and afterwards black ; but this only happens to grown People , and they are utterly lost when the blackness first appears , unless they are presently relieved by bleeding and a more temperate Regimen . As the Measles are much of the same nature with the small Pox , so is the method of Cure much the same . Hot Medicines and a hot Regimen are very dangerous , how frequently soever they are used by ignorant Nurses to drive the Disease from the Heart . This method , above others , has been most successful in my practice , viz. That the Patient be kept in his Bed only two or three days after the Eruption , that the blood may gently breath out , according to its own genius , through the Pores of the Skin , the inflamed Particles , which offend it ; and that he have no more Cloaths nor Fire than he is wont to have when he is well : I forbid all Flesh , and allow him Oatmeal and Barly-broaths , and the like , and sometimes a rosted Apple ; his Drink must be either small Beer , or Milk boil'd with treble the quantity of Water . I oftentimes mitigated the Cough , which almost continually accompanies this Disease , with a draught of some pectoral Decoction , or with a Linctus fitted for the purpose ; but above all the rest , I took care to give Diacodium every night through the whole course of this Disease . For Example , Take of the pectoral Decoction , one pint and an half , of syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ; mingle them and make an Apozem , take three or four ounces three or four times a day . Take of Oil of sweet Almonds , two ounces , of syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair , each one ounce , of white Sugercandy , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them and make a Linctus , of which let the Sick lick often , especially when his Cough troubles him . Take of black Cherry-water , three ounces , of Diacodium , one ounce ; mingle them for a draught to be taken every night . But if the Patient be an Infant , the dose of the Pectorals and of the Narcotick is to be lessened with respect to the Age. But if by means of too hot Cordials and too hot a Regimen , the Patient be in danger of his Life after the Measles go off , which is very frequent by the violence of the Fever and the difficulty of breathing , and other Accidents that use to afflict those that have a Peripneumonia , I have bled the smallest Infants in the Arm , and have taken away that quantity of Blood which their Age and Strength indicated , with very great success ; and sometimes when the Disease has been obstinate , I have repeated bleeding : The Loosness also which follows the Measles , is also cur'd by bleeding . What we have now said of the Cure of those symptoms that come upon the going off of the Measles , may be sometimes also of use when they are at their height , if they are occasioned by a false and artificial heat . I was called to visit a Maid-servant that had this Disease , together with a Fever , difficulty of Breathing , and purple spots all over her Body , with very many other dangerous symptoms ; all which I attributed to the hot Regimen and hot Medicines , which were too much used . I ordered her to be bled in the Arm , and I prescribed a cooling pectoral Ptisan to be taken often ; by the help of which , and a temperate Regimen , the purple Spots , and all the other symptoms vanished by degrees . CHAP. CXX . Of a continual Fever . FIRST , I observe , That the inordinate commotion of the Blood , the Cause or Companion of this Fever , is stirred up by Nature , either that some heterogenious Matter contained in it , and inimical to it , should be excluded , or that the Blood should be changed into some new disposition . I reckon that the true and natural Indications that arise in this Disease shew , That the commotion of the Blood must be kept to that degree , which is agreeable to Nature's purpose , that it does not rise too high on the one hand , from whence great symptoms flow , nor be depressed too low on the other , by which means the protrusion of the morbisick Matter may be hindred , or the endeavours of the Blood affecting a new Condition frustrated ; so that whither the Fever takes its rise from heterogeneous Matter provoking it , or from the Blood affecting a new State , in either case the Indication is the same . These things being premised , I institute the method of Cure in the following manner . When I am called to Patients , whose Blood of it self is weak , as it is most times in Children , or when it wants Spirits , as in old Age , and in young Men weakned by long Diseases , I forbear bleeding ; for if I should bleed such , their Blood being already too weak , it would be rendred altogether unfit to perform the business of Despumation . But when I have to do with those whose Blood is of a contrary Nature , such as is wont to be in young Men of a robust Constitution , and sanguine Complexion ; I order Bleeding in the first place , which cannot be omitted here without hazard ; beside , in some other cases to be mentioned hereafter ; for otherwise not only Phrensies , Pleurisies and such-like Inflammations may be feared , but also by reason of the superfluity , a Stagnation of the whole Mass . As to the quantity , I only take away so much Blood as I conceive will free the Sick from such dangers he is obnoxious to by the immoderate commotion of the same ; furthermore , I regulate the Estuation by repeating Bleeding , or omitting it , by using or forbidding the use of hot Cordials , and lastly by keeping the Body loose , or stopping it , as I perceive the commotion is high or low . After Bleeding , if it be necessary , according to the cases above-mentioned , I diligently enquire whether the Patient was enclined to Nauseousness at the beginning of the Fever , and if so , I presently prescribe a Vomit , unless the tender Age , or some great Weakness of the sick forbid it : Truly a Vomit is so necessary when an inclination to Vomiting has preceded , that unless that Humour be expelled , it will occasion many difficult Symptoms , that will hinder the Physician in performing the Cure , and will very much endanger the Patient ; a Loosness is the chief and most usual of these , which most commonly follows in the declination of the Fever , as often as Vomits are Indicated . The Vomit I frequently use is this following . Take of the infusion of Crocus Mettalorum six Drachms , of Oxymel of Squills , and compound Syrup of Scabious , each half an ounce , mingle them , make a Vomit , which I order to be taken in the Afternoon , two hours after a light Dinner . And that the Vomit may succeed the better , I appoint six or eight pints of Posset-drink to be provided , for these Medicines are dangerous , if they are not washed off ; and therefore as often as the Patient Vomits or goes to Stool , he must presently take a draught of it , by which means the Gripes will be prevented , and he will vomit easier . It is to be Noted , that if the condition of the Patient requires Bleeding and Vomiting , it is safest to bleed first , for otherwise , whilst the Vessels are distened with Blood , there is great danger , lest by violent straining to Vomit , the Vessels of the Lungs should be broken and the Brain hurt , and so the Patient may die Apoplectick , of which I could produce some Examples , if I thought it convenient ; let it suffice that I warn you to use great caution in this case . If any one should ask , at what time of the Fever I would give a Vomit , I say at the very beginning , if I had my choice ; for by this means , the Sick may be defended from those horrid symptoms that take their rise from the filth of those Humours that lurk in the Stomach and Neighbouring Parts , and perhaps we may crush the Disease in its beginning . But if we are called in late , as we are often , so that we cannot assist the Patient at the beginning of the Fever by prescribing a Vomit , yet I have thought it proper to order one at any time of the Disease , provided the Patient has strength enough to bear the operation of it : I have given a Vomit on the twelfth day , and I should not doubt to prescribe one later , unless the weakness of the Patient forbids . The Evening after taking the Vomit , I always endeavour to quiet the tumult raised in the Humours by the Vomit , and therefore I prescribe an Anodyne to be taken at Bed-time , for Instance , Take of Erratick Poppy two Ounces , of Aqua-Mirabilis two drachms , of Syrup of white and red Poppies , each half an ounce , mingle them , make a Draught . But if there be no fear of raising the ebullition for the future , either by reason of a great loss of Blood , or by frequent Vomiting and Stools , or by a present apurexy , or debility of the Fever , or its declining State , I boldly order a large Dose of Diascordium , either by it self , or mixed with some Cordial-water , instead of the Anodyne above-described , and it is indeed an excellent Medicine , if it be given in a due quantity . And now before I leave off discoursing of Vomits , I must acquaint you , that it is by no means safe , at least in this Fever , to give Vomits of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum to Children , or to any under Fourteen , no , not in the least quantity . The Fatigue of Vomiting being over , I further consider with my self , whether notwithstanding the preceding Evacuations , the Blood continues yet to rage so much , that it is still necessary to restrain its effervescence , or whether it be so very languid that it wants to be heightened , or lastly whether the Fermentation being reduced to a due degree , may be left to it self , without danger to the Patient . First therefore if the Blood ferments so violently , that we may reasonably suspect that the Patient is either obnoxious to a Phrensie , or any other troublesome Symptom , proceeding from too great an ebullition of the Blood ; the day after taking of the Vomit , I prescribe a Glister . For Instance , Take of the common Decoction for a Glister one pint , of Syrup of Violets and Brown Sugar , each two ounces ; mingle them , make a Glister . And I order it should be repeated upon occasion ; by which it often happens that the Blood being somewhat ventilated and cooled , its effervescence is sufficiently bridled : But sometimes it is necessary to repeat Bleeding once and again , viz. In those of a very Sanguine Complexion , and in the flower of their Age , or in others who have imprinted on their Blood a certain inflammatory disposition , by the too frequent use of Wine : But for the most part there is no need of so great a remedy as is repeated Bleeding ; and except in the cases above-mention'd , the effervescence may be sufficiently suppressed by the help of Glisters ; wherefore , if the Blood ferment too much , I order a Glister to be injected every day , or every other day , as the case requires , and that it he done to the tenth day of the Disease , or thereabouts ; but if much Blood has been taken away , or the Patient is Aged , I order no Glisters at that time , though the Blood be very hot ; for in these cases as there is no fear that by the omission of Glisters , the ebullition begun should proceed so far as that there should be eminent danger from some violent Symptom ; so it is most certain , that by the use of them , the Strength , and as I may say , the Tone of the Blood , is so much relaxed , that especially in old Men , ( for Glisters are not used with so good Success in old Men as in young ) Nature is obstructed in her business . But whether Bleeding has been used or omitted , if the effervescence be too languid , and wants to be stirred up ; in this case we must wholly abstain from the use of Glisters , even before the tenth day , and much rather if it be past , for to what purpose should we endeavour to suppress the fermentation that is too weak already ? As to Cordials , I have found by experience , that the too early use of them has been very injurious , viz. ( Bleeding having not been first used ) there is danger lest the crude Matter should fall upon the Membranes of the Brain , or the like , or on the Pleura ; and therefore I always take care that Cordials be not given , when no Blood , or but very little has been taken away , and there has been no other considerable Evacuation , or when the Patient has not passed the flower of his Age. But if the Patient be weakned by profuse Evacuations , I use to give Cordials even at the beginning of the Fever ; but on the twelfth day of the Disease , things then tending to Secretion , I suppose we ought freely to indulge the use of hotter Medicines , and indeed a little sooner , if there be no danger of driving the febrile Matter upon the principal Parts . If the Fermentation proceed well , the Despumation will be finished about the Fourteenth day . But if you use Coolers too late , and so by their means suppress the effervescence , it is not strange if the Fever continue to the Twenty first day , and much longer in feeble Bodies ill managed . The Cordials I prescribe are such as those , which I will mention by and by ; those that are more moderate , I use at the beginning of the Disease , when the heat is very violent , always proceeding gradually to the use of hotter , according to the progress of the Disease , and the degrees of ebullition , always remembring that it is lawful if much Blood has been taken away , or if the Patient be Aged , to administer stronger Cordials than when bleeding has not preceded , or when the Patint was in the flower of his Age. Those Cordials I call Moderate , are made of Distilled Waters . For instance , of Borrage , Citron , Strawberries , Treacle , compound Scordium-water , mingled with the Syrup of Baum of Fernelius , of Gilliflowers , of juice of Citron and the like ; but the Stronger of Gascoin's Powder , Bezoar , Confection of Hyacinth , Venice Treacle and the like . These which follow are frequently used . Take of the Waters of Borrage , Citron , compound Scordium , Black-cherries , each two ounces , Cinamon-wawater hordeated one ounce , Pearls prepared two drachms , of Christaline Sugar a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , take four spoonfuls often in a day . Take of the Waters of the whole Citron and of Strawberries , each three ounces , of the cold Cordial-water of Saxony , one ounce , of Treacle-water , and of the Syrups of Baulm of Fernelius , of Gilliflowers , and of the juice of Citron , each half an ounce ; mingle them , and make a Julep , of which take often . Take of Gascoin's Powder , of oriental and occidental Bezoar-stone , of each one scruple , one leaf of Gold ; mix them and make a fine Powder . Take to the quantity of twelve grains when there is occasion , in the Syrup of the juice of Citron , and of Gilliflowers , each two drachms , drinking upon it a few spoonfuls of the Julep prescribed . Take of Treacle-water four ounces , of the Seeds of Citron two drachms ; beat them together and make an Emulsion ; add to the strained Liquor a sufficient quantity of Pearl-sugar , to make it grateful to the Taste . Take two spoonfuls three times in a day . But if the Fermentation be neither too high nor too low , I leave it in that state , and use no Remedies unless I am forced to do something by the importunity of the Sick , or his Friends about him , that may please them without obstructing my design . And now I must tell you , that when I was called to a poor Body , who was not able to be at the charge of going through a long course of Physick , I did nothing else , after Bleeding and Purging was over , if they were indicated , but order them to keep their Beds all the time of their Sickness , and to drink Oatmeal and Barly-broath , and the like , and that they should drink Small-beer warm , moderately , to quench their Thirst . I took care that they should have a Glister of Milk and Sugar every day , till the Tenth or Eleventh day , and towards the end of the Fever , separation being now begun , if it were slow , I permitted them now and then stronger drink to help it instead of a Cordial . And so without any more ado , except that I used to give a gentle Purge at the end of the Disease , I cured them . If the Patient be very weak , or if there be not a perfect Despumation , so that I cannot boldly give a Purge on the Fifteenth day , I defer it to the Seventeenth , at which time I give the following , or the like , according to the strength of the Patient . Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of Senna two drachms , of Rhubarb one drachm and an half ; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water ; to three ounces of the strained Liquor , add Syrup of Roses solutive and Manna , each one ounce ; mingle them and make a Potion . Purging being over , I order the Patient to rise , who has been hitherto kept in Bed by my prescription , and to return gradually to his accustomed Diet. It happens often , especially in old Men , that the Patient , though the Fever be cured and the Body sufficiently purged , is notwithstanding very weak , and sometimes expectorats by Cough , and sometimes also hauks up a great quantity of clammy Phlegm , which Symptom does not only affrighten the Patient , but also imposes upon the Physician , especially if he be unwary , and induces him to believe , that this will make way for a Consumption , though I have observed that this is not so very dangerous . In this case I order the Patient to drink Old Malago , or Muskadine with a Toast , which takes off this Symptom in the space of a few days , as I have often Experienced . If the fermentation proceed well , there will be a perfect despumation of the morbifick Matter within the time aforesaid ; but if cooling Remedies or Glisters have been given too late , the Fever will continue much longer , especially in very ancient Men , ill manag'd by the Physician . I have been sometimes called to such after they have laboured under a Fever forty days or more , and have tryed all things to induce despumation of the Blood ; but it was so much weakened , partly by old Age , and partly by Glisters and cooling Medicines , that I could not attain my end , either by Cordials , or any other corroborating Medicines , but either their Fever stood its ground , or if otherwise it seemed to cease , the Patient's strength was very low , and in a manner gone . But other Remedies being unsuccessfully used , I have been often forced to take this course , and indeed with very good Success , viz. I have applied the brisk heat of young People to the Sick ; neither is there any reason why any one should much wonder , that the Patient is so mightily strengthned and weak Nature relieved by this method , though it be unusual , as that it can deliver it self from the relicks of the Matter to be eliminated ; seeing it is easie to conceive a transfusion of a great quantity of vigorous Es●luvia from the sound and strong Body into the withered one of the Sick. Nor have I ever found , that the repeated application of hot Cloaths could at all do that which the now mention'd method has perform'd , where both the heat applied is more agreeable to the human Body , and gentle , moist , equal and lasting : And though this way of emitting balsamick Spirits into the Body of the Patient may seem absurd , yet it has been used by others with happy success . Nor truly am I ashamed to mention this Remedy , though perhaps some impertinent Men , superstitiously contemning all things Vulgar , may ridicule me for it ; for I think the health and good of my Neighbour is very much to be preferred before their vain Opinions . He that prudently and with due consideration hath observed ●he method hitherto deliver'd , will free the Patient , if not from all , yet at least from most of these Symptoms , which are either wont to accompany this Fever , or to come after it . But forasmuch as such accidents often happen , either because the Sick neglected to call the Phisician in time , or by reason of the unskilfulness or carelesness of the Physician , I think it not amiss to treat briefly of their particular Cure , but will confine my self to those Symptoms that require a different Cure proper to themselves . And to begin with a Phrensie ; if the Sick either upon the account of taking hot Medicines unseasonably , or by being naturally of too hot a Constitution , becomes Light-headed ; or which is next to it , if he does not sleep at all ; if he looks and talks fiercely ; if he rakes Medicines and common drink greedily , and as it were snatches it , and lastly has a suppression of Urine ; in this case I say , I bleed more freely than before , and use Glisters and cooling Medicines oftener , especially in the Spring . And though this Symptom does not appear in young People , and in those whose Blood is brisk , they admit of these Remedies without much hazard , and by the use of such Remedies I endeavour to keep up the Patient till the Disease has lasted a while , and then it is not difficult to free him at once of the Symptom and the Disease too ; and this may be done by giving some Narcotick Medicine in a large Dose ; for though when the Fever is at the height , those things that are of a narcotick quality , do no good nor answer the Physician 's end ; yet being given seasonably at the declination of the Disease , are very beneficial . But if the use of a Narcotick be deferred till the 14th . day , it will do the better . The Narcoticks which I am wont to use , are either London Laudanum , from one Grain , to one Grain and an half , or the following . Take of Cowslip-flowers , one handful , boil them in a sufficient quantity of black Cherry-water , mix half an ounce of Diacodium and half a spoonful of the juice of Lemons , with three ounces of the strained Liquor . Or , Take of black Cherry-water , one ounce and an half , epidemick Water , two drachms , liquid Laudanum , sixteen drops , syrup of Gillyflowers , one drachm ; mingle them . I will only add this , which I think worth observation , to wit , That if this symptom will grant a Truce so long , and the Fever continues a long space , so that the Patient may be safely purged before the taking of the Anodyne , it will prove more effectual ; wherefore , I used to order two scruples of the Pill Coch. Major dissolved in Bettony-water ten or twelve hours before the taking of the Narcotick ; nor is there any danger from the Tumult which that hot Pill would otherwise occasion ; for the vertue of the following Narcotick will appease these Commotions , and establish most gentle and sweet Peace . But if the Watchings continue after the Fever is gone off , all the other symptoms being likewise ceased , I have observed that a Rag dipt in Rose-water , and applied cold to the forepart of the Head and Temples is more beneficial than any Narcotick whatever . It often happens that the Sick is vexed with a Cough through the whole course of the Disease ; it is first dry , because the Matter being yet thin frustrates the expulsive Faculty , but it soon grows thick , and is difficulty expectorated , because by degrees it is baked by the febrile heat ; and hence it comes to pass , that the Patient is discouraged by fear of choaking , because he wants Strength to cough off this viscid Matter . In this case , I rarely use any other Medicine than Oil of sweet Almonds fresh drawn , unless it happens ( and sometimes it is so ) that the Patient has wholly an aversion to Oil , and then we must use the common Pectorals : But I think Oil of Almonds , if the Patient can bear it , is to be preferred before other Pectorals for this Reason chiefly , for that is necessary , they are given in a larger quantity , if we would do any thing to the purpose , and by this means we overcharge the Stomach , which was too weak before and inclined to be nauseous ; and sometimes also , we are hindred upon the same account , so that we cannot mind those things which are to be dispatched at the same time . Nor can I understand nor learn by experience , why we should abstain from the use of this Oil ( which we have now mentioned ) in Fevers , because it is inflammable , and therefore to be feared lest it should increase the Fever ; for suppose it naturally hot , yet certainly its heat is not so great , but that the advantage of it on another account may compensate for it ; for it is manifestly more pectoral than other things , and opens and lubricates the Passages , and promotes Expectoration , by which especially if it happens to be large , the Blood is both freed from a troublesome Humour now conveniently evacuated , and also somewhat cooled ; and , therefore , I am not much concerned , when I perceive this Symptom : But the Oil must be given frequently , a little at a time . Sometimes the Hickops happen , but most commonly to old Men , after large Evacuations , either by Loosness , or especially by Vomiting . In this case a large dose of Diascordium , viz. two drachms , has done the business , when I could do no good with the seeds of Dill , and other things that are cried up as Specificks . If in the course of this Disease a Loosness arise , which uses to happen when a Vomit was indicated at the beginning of the Disease , and was not taken : In this case a Vomit may be given at any time of the Disease , if the Strength does not contraindicate , tho' the inclination to Vomiting be long since past . But if a Loosness comes , tho' a Vomit has been given , I have found the following Glister more beneficial than any other Astringent whatever . Take of the bark of Pomgranats , half an ounce , of red Roses , two pugils ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Cows Milk , dissolve half an ounce of Diascordium in half a pound of the strained Liquor ; mingle them , make a Glister . I would not advise that a Glister should be injected in a greater quantity ; for tho' it may be naturally Astringent , yet there is danger lest it should weary the Intestines by its b●●● , and so provoke the Flux more . CHAP. CXXI . Of the Scarlet Fever . THE Scarlet Fever , tho' it may happen at any time , yet most commonly it comes at the latter end of Summer , and seizes whole Families , especially Children : They shake and shiver at the beginning as in other Fevers , but they are not very sick ; afterwards the Skin is covered with smali red Spots , but they are more , and much bigger and redder , and not so uniform , as in the Measles . These Spots continue two or three days ; when they vanish and go off , Scales of Skin , like Bran , cover the whole Body . This Disease seems to me to be nothing else than a moderate Effervescence of the Blood occasioned by the foregoing Summer , or something else ; and , therefore , I do nothing that the Blood may not be hindred in its despumation and injecting the peccant Matter through the pores of the Skin ; only I order , That the Sick should abstain wholly from Flesh , and from all spirituous Liquors , and that he should not go out , nor contine himself perpetually to his Bed : But after all the Scales are fallen , and the Symptoms cease , I think it is proper to purge the Sick with some gentle Medicine agreeable to his Age and Strength ; and by this simple and natural method , this name of a Disease , for it is scarce any thing else , is easily removed without trouble or danger ; whereas , on the contrary , if we are over officious , by confining the sick to his Bed continually , and by giving Cordials and other Medicines unnecessarly , the Disease is increased , and the Patient killed secundum artem . CHAP. CXXII . Of Childrens Fevers . THE first Indication in curing Childrens Fevers , is , to prepare well the acid , that it may be the easier ejected : But this preparation must not be endeavoured by Sudorificks , properly so called , that is , such as heat the Body , which are by no means to be used for Infants or Children ; but such things as absorbe the acid , and gently restrain the Ebullition , are to be used ; the chief of these are Crab's Eyes and Claws , Oister-shells , Cuttle-bone , Egg-shells , Coral , Chalk , Coralline , Pearl , Mother of Pearl , both the Bezoar stones , Hartshorn burnt , burnt Ivory , the bone of a Stag's heart , shavings of Hartshorn , Bole-armenick , sealed Earth , Blood-stone , and the like ; and among Compounds , compound Powder of Crab's Claws , the Goa-stone , and Confection of Hyacinth . Being called to an Infant of a year old troubled with a Fever or the Gripes , as they frequently are , I used to relieve them with the following Prescriptions , Take of the compound Powder of Crab's Claws , and of Pearl prepared , each one drachm ; mingle them , make a Powder to be divided into six equal parts . Or , Take of Oriental Bezoar , prepared Pearl , and Crab's Eyes prepared , each half a drachm , of the species of the confection of Hyacinth , one scruple ; make a Powder to be divided as before . Or , Take of the simple Powder of Crab's Claws , one drachm , of Crab's Eyes prepared , two scruples , of Cochinel , six grains ; mix them , make a fine Powder to be divided into six Papers ; let one be taken as soon as may be , and another two hours after , and afterwards let one be taken every fourth hour for the first two days , unless the Child be asleep : But let the Powders be taken in a spoonful of the following Julep , and give a spoonful presently after . Take of the Aqua lactis alexiteria , four ounces , of black Cherry-water , two ounces , of compound Peony and epidemick Water , each two drachms , of pearled Sugar , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep . Or , Take of Pennyroyal-water and Aqua lactis alexiteria , each three ounces , of syrup of Gillyflowers , 6 drachms , mingle them Or , Take of sweet Almonds blanched , number ten ; beat them in a marble Mortar , and pour upon them gently half a pint of Barley-water , or of Aqua lactis alexiteria ; strain it , and add six drachms of small Cinnamon-water , half an ounce of white Sugar ; mingle them , make a Julep . Sometimes I am wont to use , other things being omitted , a Julep that hath much Pearl in it , but I order that the Glass should be well shook , before it be poured out . Take of black Cherry-water , four ounces , of all the Citron , two ounces , of Aqua mirabilis and prepared Pearls , each two drachms , of white Sugar , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Pearl-julep ; give three spoonfuls at a time . But if the Child be troubled with the Cough , give half a spoonful of some pectoral Mixture or Linctus , and let him take less of the Powders above-prescribed . Take of the Powder of Coralline and simple Crab's-claws , each one drachm and an half , of the syrups of Maiden-hair and Marshmallows , each one ounce , of balsam of Tolu , half an ounce , of red Poppy-water , half an ounce ; mingle them , Bole Armenick is often properly mixed with such things to good purpose , it powerfully stops Catarrhs flowing upon the Lungs ; the juice of Pennyroyal heated and sweetned with Sugarcandy , is also better than most other Remedies ; Oil of sweet Almonds is also very good , if Children can take it ; so is Brimstone , and the Flowers of it . The foresaid Powders are to be repeated , seldom or often , according to the degree of the Symptoms ; but it is here to be noted , that the Gripes , Restlessness and the Watchings of Children are as easily appeased by testaceous Powders , as pains and watchings by Narcoticks in grown People . The third day , unless the small Pox , Measles or a Scarlet Fever appear , I order a Child of one year old to be purged in the following manner . Take of syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , two drachms , of choice Rhubarb powdered , fifteen grains or a scruple , of the Aqua lactis alexiteria , one drachm , of small Cinnamon-water , thirty drops , mingle them . Or , Take of syrup of Buckthorn , one drachm and an half or two drachms , of the Powder called Diasenna , eight grains ; mingle them . Take of the Earl of Warwick's Powder , which is also called Pulvis Cornachinus , described in the last Edition of the London Dispensatory , six grains ; let it be taken in a spoonful of black Cherry-water , sweetned with a little Sugar . Take of sweet Almonds blanched , number three ; beat them in a marble Mortar , and pour upon them gently an ounce or an ounce and an half of Barley-water , or any other simple Water ; in the strained Liquor , dissolve three drachms , or half an ounce of the best Manna ; mingle them , make a purging Emulsion . Take of Lenitive Electuary , two or three drachms , and dissolve it in an ounce of the Aqua lactis alexiteria . Sometimes I order this or the like Plaister to be applied to the region of the Navel , especially , if they are troubled with Worms . Take of Succotrine Aloes , one drachm , of the Powder of the leaves of Savin , of the tops of the lesser Centaury , and of the flowers of Camomil , each one scruple , with a sufficient quantity of Venice-turpentine ; make a Plaister , let the margin of it be spread with the Plaister of Cummin , to make it stick the better ; and sometimes it may be convenient to add to the other Ingredients , a scruple of Coloquintida . There is no purging Medicine more proper for Children and more innocent than Rhubarb ; it gently and safely evacuates the Matter occasioning their Fever , and it gently purges off the Humors that burden the Stomach and whole Body , and it strengthens ; wherefore , it is very proper for Infants , Children , big-bellied Women , old Men , and such as have been weakened by Diseases . After the Purge hath done working , some Powder like the former must be given in the Evening , and afterwards must be repeated three or four times in a day at fit times , for two days , and on the third day Purging must be used , and it must be dosed according to the operation of the former . These things being performed , the worst Symptoms most commonly cease , or at least are much abated . It is to be noted , That the first Purge we give to Children that have Fevers , must not be only Lenitive , but the Dose of it must be less than otherwise it ought to be ; and the night before Purging , a gentle Glister , made of four ounces of Cow's Milk , Sugar and a little Salt , must be injected , if the Belly be bound . Moreover , to quicken the Purge , a scruple or two of Cream of Tartar may be dissolved in some spoonfuls of Water-grewel or the like , and so given . As to bleeding of Children , tho' it may be used , when the febrile Matter is cast upon the Lungs , or in a hooping Cough , yet it is plain that it is a Remedy not agreeable to their Nature . A Child about three years and an half old , was seized with a small Fever that was continual , and accompanied with Exacerbations that were very irregular ; she complained of a great pain in the Head especially , and sometimes of the Belly , she nauseated all Meat , and was very sleepy , so that the Standers by thought she would have the small Pox ; there was a twitching of the Nerves in sleep , and she had sometimes a dry Cough ; I prescribed the following things . Take of the Aqua lactis alexiteria , six ounces , of Epidemick water , half an ounce , of prepared Pearl , one drachm , of the simple Powder of Crab's Claws , two drachms , of Cristaline Sugar , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep , whereof let her take three spoonfuls every fourth hour , shaking the Glass well before using it . Take of Succotrine Aloes , one drachm , of the tops of the lesser Centaury , of the leaves of Savin dried , each half a drachm , of Burgundy-pitch , one drachm , of Venice-Turpentine , a sufficient quantity , make a Plaister to be applied to the Navel . The next day she persisted in the use of the Julep , and a blistering Plaister was applied to the Neck ; a Glister made of six ounces of Milk , with Sugar and Salt was injected , because the Belly was bound . Take of Aethiops mineralis , and of Mercurius dulcis , each six grains , of Marmalade of Quinces , two scruples ; make a Bolus , to be taken at Bed-time . The next Morning , she took the following Cathartick syrup . Take of syrup of Buckthorn , two drachms , of the Earl of Warwick's Powder , six grains , of choice Rhubarb powdered , twelve grains , of Tincture of Saffron twenty drops , of black Cherry-water , one drachm ; mingle them . Half a drachm of Cream of Tartar was given in a draught of Posset-drink to quicken the Purge ; the same night , at Bed-time , four spoonfuls of the foresaid Julep were given . On the fourth and fifth days , the following mixture was given by spoonfuls . Take of Coraline , two drachms , of the leaves of Mint dried and powdered , one scruple , of the simple Powder of Crab's Claws , one drachm , of balsamick syrup and of the syrup of Marshmallows , each one ounce , of Orange-water , half an ounce ; mingle them . The Evening preceding the sixth day , the Bolus before-prescribed was repeated , and the Morning following the purging Syrup , by the vertue whereof the Child vomited up a Worm a span long , and soon ●●●erwards was well . CHAP. CXXIII . Of Agues . AS to the Cure , I have for many years taken notice how dangerous it is to endeavour to cure by Sudorificks , in Tertians and Quotidians , when they are new , and have not yet formed themselves , being at present like continual Fevers : For though it is well known , that upon Sweating , the restlesness and other symptoms presently vanish ; yet if Sweat be forced too much , the Fever will be made continual , and the Life of the Sick will be endangered . Having therefore considered how ineffectual this method is , and the inconveniency of other Evacuations by Bleeding and Purging , I suppose the Peruvian Bark would do best ; and I can truly affirm , notwithstanding the prejudice of the common People , and of a few Learned Men , I never perceived any injury by the use of it , nor can imagin any ; only they that have used it a long while , sometimes fall into a scorbutick Rheumatism ; but this seldom happens upon this occasion , and when it does , it is easily cured by the Remedies proposed for it in the Chapter of a Rheumatism . Being called to a Patient of a Quartan Ague , for instance , on a Monday , I do nothing if the Fit be to come that day , only I give the Sick hopes that he may be freed from the next Fit ; and therefore on the two well days , namely , Tuesday and Wednesday , I give the Bark in the following manner . Take of the Peruvian Bark finely powdered , one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Gilliflowers , or of dried Roses , make ad Electuary to be divided into twelve parts , whereof let him take one every fourth hour , beginning presently after the Fit , drinking upon it a draught of some Wine . Or if he likes Pills better , Take of the Peruvian Bark finely powdered , one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of Gilliflowers , make Pills of a moderate bigness , whereof let him take six every fourth Hour . But an ounce of the Powder may be easier taken , and as successfully , mixed with a quart of Claret-wine , eight or nine spoonfuls of it being taken every fourth hour . On Friday when the Fit is feared , I give nothing , for most commonly no Fit comes ; but lest the Disease should return , eight days exactly after the last Dose , I give the same quantity of Powder , viz. One Ounce divided into twelve parts , according to the method above-mentioned : But though most commonly by giving the Powder after this manner , the Disease is commonly Cured ; yet to secure the Patient from a relapse , it is safe to repeat it three or four times , at the same intervals , especially when the Blood has been weakened by foregoing Evacuations , or by catching Cold. But though this remedy has no purging quality , yet by reason of the peculiar Constitution of some Bodies , it often happens , that the Sick is violently purged by it ; in this case it is necessary to give Laudanum with the Powder ; wherefore I give ten drops of Laudanum in Wine , after every other Dose , if the Loosness continues . I use the same method for Tertians and Quotidians ; but Tertians and Quotidians often are almost continual , and there is only a remission of those days they should intermit , especially when the Sick has been confined to his Bed , and has used too hot a Regimen , and Medicines : In this case I give the Powder , as soon as I perceive any remission . But there are some that cannot bear the Bark , neither in the form of a Powder , nor of an Electuary , nor of Pills ; for these I infuse in the cold two Ounces of the Bark grossly powdered in a quart of Rhenish-wine , and four Ounces of the Infusion standing some days , seem to contain the vertue of one Drachm of the Powder ; and because it is neither unpleasant , nor oppresses the Stomach , it may be taken as often again as any other form of this Remedy . Sometimes it happens , that before this Disease is come to a regular Type , the Sick cannot retain the Bark in any form , by reason of continual Vomiting ; in this case the Vomiting must be first stopp'd before the Bark can be given , to which end I order , that six or eight times in the space of two hours , one spoonful of the fresh juice of Limons be taken with a scruple of Salt of Wormwood ; afterwards I give sixteen drops of liquid Laudanum in a spoonful of strong Cinamon-water , and soon after , if the Vomitting stop , the Jesuits Powder . For Infants , whose tender Age would scarce bear the taking of this remedy in another form , at least so much of it as would cure the Disease ; I use to prescribe the following Julep , Take of Black-cherry-water , and of Rhenish-wine , each two ounces , of the Peruvian Bark finely powdered , three drachms , of the Syrup of Gilliflowers one ounce , mingle them , make a Julep ; let one or two spoonfuls of it be taken according to the age , every fourth hour , till the Ague is cured . If there be a Loosness , you must give a drop or two of liquid Laudanum with every other Dose . As to the Diet , the Sick may eat any thing that agrees with his Stomach , only he must avoid cold Liquors and Summer Fruits , and let him use Wine moderately for his ordinary drink , by which alone I have cured some Patients that could not be cured with the Jesuits Powder . The Disease being taken off , the Sick must carefully avoid all evacuations , for the gentlest Purge , yea , only a Glister of Milk and Sugar , will be apt to cause a Relapse . CHAP. CXXIV . Of the various Forms and Shapes of intermitting Fevers . THese Fevers often resemble most other Diseases , and such as are most acute , yet they yield to the Peruvian Bark , and if the Bark is not given , they often become deadly . Sometimes they come with great Shivering and with violent Vomiting , a Loosness with Gripes , the Cholera Morbus , the Colick of the Stomach , a periodical Hemicrania , Apoplexy , fainting Rheumatism , general Convulsions , Phrensie , Peripnumonia , and the like . Mr. Amblar , dwelling at Mile-end , a Man of Fifty years of Age , that was lean and sickly , was often before subject upon slight occasions , to an obstinate Ague , accompanied with violent Symptoms , but in the Year , 1690 , having taken a great Cold , he was suddenly taken with Shaking and Shivering , which was succeeded by an universal Chilness , during which , his Pulse could scarce be felt ; he was also violently afflicted with Vomiting , a Loosness , and with a horrid oppression and Sickness : I visited him the next Morning , and found his Face plainly Hippocratick ; his whole Body was cold as clay , and a Dew upon it , the Skin looked black , by reason of the congelation of the Blood , his strength was almost spent by the perpetual Sickness , and the evacuation of divers coloured Choler by Vomit , and stinking white Excrement by Stool , of the consistence of a Cream ; all things shewed that Death was approaching , for the vital principal , or the animal Spirits , was so oppressed by the Venom , that there was no hope that they cou'd expand themselves : But to blunt the malignant acrimony of the Humours , I ordered that he should drink Chicken-broath plentifully , and that it should be injected through a Syringe into the Anus , I also ordered that the Stomach should be well fomented with Aromatick Bags made hot , and a very cordial Bolus , with as much Laudanum in it as the strength of the Patient would bear , was given with a draught of a Cordial , and alexipharmick Julep , every fourth hour . After the third or fourth Bolus , I perceived the Pulse was much stronger , and the blackness of the skin went off , and heat returned to the extream Parts , and the evacuations were something suppressed , the colliquative Sweat was diminished , and he was more quiet , he slept a little , and was not so sick after he waked . After this remission of the Symptoms , I endeavoured to remove the Venom , by giving the Jesuits Powder mixed with Laudanum in the form of a Draught , every fourth hour , knowing well that the Sick could not bear a second Fit ; but before the third Dose of the Powder , the Fit returned again unexpectedly , accompanied with the former dreadful Symptoms , and the poor Man died within the space of twenty four Hours . I was called to one Mrs. Baker , an ancient Woman dwelling in Fleet-street , I found her oppressed with continual Sickness and Vomiting , and so she had been for four days : She presently vomited up all she took ; she fainted often , her Pulse was quick and Weak ; but her temper by reason of faintness and perpetual sickness , was moderate , and in some sort cold , her Urine looked in a manner well , she could not rest , and was almost delirious , but she complained only of Nauseousness and Vomiting . Having enquired carefully about every thing , I was told that this Woman had been sick six Weeks , that she was hot and cold by turns , the periods were uncertain , and that she was troubed with a Nauseousness and Vomiting frequently . After I had prescribed a Cordial , Bolus , and Julep , and Chicken-broath for her ordinary Drink , I ordered a Julep made of Salt of Worm-wood and juice of Limons , to be taken by Spoonfuls , to comfort her Stomach ; afterward I ordered the Peruvian Bark should be given freely in the form of a Draught and of a Tincture , adding twice or thrice a day ten or twelve drops of liquid Laudanum , upon the account of the violence of the Vomiting , and in a days time the Sickness and Vomiting were lessened , and critical white Aphtha covered the whole Mouth , the Urine was very red , and other signs of the expansion of the Spirits , and of the feverish heat were present , and soon after a tertian Ague appeared in its proper form , the cold , heat and sweat succeeding one another alternately , and after two Fits , the Sick was cured by the Bark . CHAP. CXXV . Of Over-purging . AS Purging Medicines are sometimes necessary to loosen the Belly , and to evacuate ill Humours , so if the evacuation be immoderate , remedies must be used to stop it . To prevent it , consideration must be had of the Constitution and Strength of the Patient , and of the Nature and Dose of the Medicine , and while the Medicine is in operation , the Bowels and Blood and Spirits must be kept free from disturbance ; wherefore at this time , gross and viscous Meats must be avoided , and much must not be eaten ; Cold must be carefully avoided , and the mind must be clear and free ; and after the operation of the Medicine , the Animal Spirits must be quieted , and the effervescence of the Blood , by giving an Anodyne . Take of Cowslip Flower-water two ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated , and of Diacodium , each half an ounce , of Pearls half a Scruple ; make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time . But if Over-purging happens , the Patient must be presently put into a warm Bed , and you must apply to his Belly a Plaister of Venice-Treacle , and he must presently take inwardly a Bolus of Venice-Treacle and burnt Claret diluted with Mint-water , often by Spoonfuls , and if he be much grip'd , a Glister must be injected , made of Milk and Venice-Treacle . CHAP CXXVI . Of the French-Pox . THE French-pox came first from the West-Indies into Europe , in the Year , 1493. but a violent Gonorrhea shewed it self first about an hundred years since . It is propogated either by Generation , as when a Child is infected by the Parents , or by touching of some soft part , as when a Child is Infected by sucking a Diseased Nurse , or a Nurse by Suckling a Diseased Child , or by a Child's lying in Bed with such as are Infected ; but it chiefly comes by impure Coition : But in sound and firm Constitutions impure Coition it self is not always sufficient to Infect ; for sometimes many lying with an infected Woman , some are infected and others not , though they all equally deserve it . When a Man has to do with an impure Woman , either he has a heat or inflammation of the Penis with Exc●riation , or else he finds a heat in his Urine , and in a day , two or three , a Gonorrhea , or virulent Matter issuing from the Privy parts ; sometimes Chancerous Ulcers , and when the Infection has been very violent , or the Inflammation neglected , a Gangren , and christaline Bladders arise , and the part Mortifies . Sometimes there is no Gonorrhea , but instead of it a Bubo arises in the Groin , which according to the degree of its Malignity , either proves easily curable , or else improves its Venom , and terminates in a phagedenous Ulcer with jagged Lips : There are also many vene●●l Ulcers upon the Scrotum and Perineum . A Cancer is commonly attended with breaking out all over the Body like a Flea-biting , which terminates in various sorts of ulcerous Scabs , or Tete●rs ; or it may be Pustles arise in one or more places of the Body , as Head , Face ▪ Arms , Thighs , or Legs , or Ulcers in the Throat ; then wandring pains begin towards night to affect the Shoulders , Arms , Legs , Head ; and about this time appear in the Fundament , Warts , and other kind of Proturbances ; also about this time Tumours arise in the Breast , Arms , Legs , and become Ulcers that are difficultly Cured . The pains growing more fixed , Nodes usually arise , and continually afflict them , but towards night grow more intolerable . Co-incident with several of these later degrees , are the noise in the Ears , Deafness , a Polypus , Opthalmia , the Fis●ula , Lacrimalis , fierce Catarrhs , Colick , Loosness and Consumption . Authors , upon the entrance of the Pox into Christendom , generally lookt upon it as not only Incurable , but also so highly infectious , that they ran away from it as much as the Jews did from the Leprosie ; but later Ages and long experience , have made it less formidable ; yet even to this day , it must needs be acknowledged difficult to Cure , in consideration of its malign and contagious quality , and the ungovernable disposition of the Patients . If the habit of the Body be strong , the cure of all the species of the Pox , whether they be Chancer , Pustles , Tetters , or eating Ulcers , or Ulcers in the Throat and Nose , are much easier cured , than the same are in many other chronick Diseases ; but to root out the malignity is somewhat more difficult . If the Patient has been Clapt formerly , it will be more difficult to cure him the second time , and worse the third . If he has passed through long courses of Mercurial remedies ineffectually , his Cure will be difficult ; and if he has been Salivated by unction , and relapsed , the Cure will be hard , by reason the Mercury is become familiar to him , and his Body is for the most part wasted . Nodes are more difficultly Cured than any of the Species above mentioned , and those whose Bones are corrupted are yet more difficult to cure ; but if the habit of the Body be strong , and the Bowels sound , all the Species of this Disease are curable , if the Patient keep his Chamber , and submit to the rules of Physick and Diet ; without which submission we can scarce cure the lesser Species . If the Bowels be unsound , or the Patient hectick , the Disease is incurable . As to the Cure , though Bleeding does not take off the Disease , yet in the very beginning of it we usually let Blood to quiet the fermentation of the humours , and to dispose them for evacuation , and prescribe a Glister before or after . If the Disease be of long continuance , and they have been let Blood some Months before , yet if we design Salivation , we do again let them Blood , if the Body be not too much wasted ; for in some of those a Fever has happened in the time of raising the Salivation , and in Bodies of a Strong habit I have often seen them to break out in heat all over in the beginning of the Flux , so that then I have been necessitated to let them Blood when it was not so proper : But when there is a Bubo in the Groin , bleeding is not proper . But purging is more Universally necessary . Of Purges some are only lenitive , as Manna with Cream of Tartar in Whey or Posset-Drink , Tamarinds , Cassia , Senna , Rhubarb , lenitive Electuary and the like . Stronger Purges are these that follow . Take of the Leavs of Sena four ounces , of Gummy Turbith , Hermodactiles , each two ounces , of black Helebore , and of the pulp of Coloquintida , each six drachms , of the raspings of Guiacum , and Sassafras , each one ounce , of the Bark of Guiacum , of the Berriei of Juniper , of the outward Peel of Citrons , each half an ounce , of Cinnamon four Drachms ; infuse them in equal parts of the Water of Baulm , Meadow sweet , and Carduus Benedictus for forty eight hours ; then boyl them gently , and press them out strongly ; in the strained Liquor dissolve too ounces and an half of Aloes , one ounoe of Diagrydium , evaporat them to the form of an extract for use . The Dose is half a Drachm or a Drachm . Take of Pil. Coch. min. A Scruple or half a Drachm , Mercurius Dulcis twenty Grains , make six Pills . Or Take of the extract above mentioned , of Gum Guiacum half a Scruple , of Mercurius Dulcis one Scruple , with Syrup of Buck-thorn make pills . Vomiting is of use in great disorders of the Stomach , when the foulness of that requires it , or when the Ulcers of some particular part require a sudden revulsion ; so likewise when after the use of much Mercury outward or inward to Salivate , it does not rise kindly ; they generally give strong Vomits if the party can bear them , viz. some preparations of Mercury , as Turbith , Mineral , and the like , or Crocus Metallorum : But in weaker constitutions , such as we may . The next thing which offers it self to our consideration is Salivation , without which few great Cures are done in this Disease . The methods of Salivating are diverse , but all by Mercury . Inwardly are prescribed various preparations of Mercury . When we design Salivation by Mercurius dulcis , we give it from twenty to twenty five grains , and sometimes to thirty , either in a spoonful of white Bread and Milk , or in conserve of red Roses , or the like ; when we suspect it may worke by Stool , we prescribe it with Diascordium or Venice-Treacle at Bed time . If after taking of it four or five Days , their Chops do not swell , it may be reasonable to move it upward with a few grains of Turbith Mineral ; according as their Chops swell , they will Salivat ; if their Mouths be much ulcerated and swelled , the Salivation may last eighteen or twenty Dayes , during which they are to be kept warm , especially about their Head Neck and Chops , and to drink Chicken Broath or Posset Ale. Arcanum Corallinum , as it is generaly sold in the Shops , may be given from three grains to five , one Dose of it prescribed to a Woman Vomited her often , and Salivated twenty Days . Red Precipitat . is also Vomitive , but being well washed may be taken as safely as the white Precipitat . White Precipitat may be given proportionably as has been said of Mercurius dulcis . Turbith Mineral made of Vigo's Precipitat is best , twelve or 18 grains of it may be taken at a time , but that which is sold in the Shops is a rough Medicine , and must be given in a less quantity . There is also a way of raising a Salivation by suffumigation , the prescription whereof is as follows . Take of Cinnabar two ounces , of Crude Mercury one ounce , of Mastich , Frankincense , and Sandarach , each half an ounce , of Storax , Calamit , and Benzoin , each three drachms ; make a fine powder of all , and with Turpentine make Troches , each weighing three drachms for use . But when the Pox is grown inveterate and affects the most solid parts with Node's , and the like , Salivation by unction must be used . Take of Lard two ounces , of Crude Mercury one ounce , mix them well . You must begin the unction in the following manner ; the Patient must lodge in a close warm Chamber ; if the Season be cold , the Windows must be covered with Blankets , and the Bed must be placed near the Fire , and encompassed with a Skreen , if the Chamber be large ; you ought also to have a strong healthy Nurse , such as has been accustomed to the employment , that she may know how to wash the Patients Mouth , and direct and encourage him in such rules , as may be necessary in the time of Salivating . The most proper place for unction is a Stove , if it may be had , and the Patient can bear it ; if he be weak , his Bed must be used , otherwise for want of a Stove , he must sit encompassed with a Screen by the Fire side , but not too near it . He must anoint himself , begining at the Feet , and then the Legs , Thighs , Hips , and so upwards taking in the Arms and Shoulders ; the Belly must not be anointed , and indeed much of the trouble in weak Bodys may be spared ; for in such the anointing of the Legs and Arms may be sufficient , the parts first anointed ought to be covered before you proceed to the next , as the Legs with Stockings , the Thighs with Trousses and the like ; at last his Neck must be well wrapp'd with a Napkin tacked up to his Cap round about to his Ears and fastened before to keep his Chops warm ; after this a warm Bed will be convenient and a Draught of Posset-drink to procure a breathing sweat ; having reposed himself an hour or two he may rise and provide for his Dinner , which must consist of Meat of easie digestion Roast or Boyl'd , at his Dinner he may drink Beer or Ale with a Toast , the rest of the Day he must be confin'd to Posset-drink . You must use a third part of the Ointment at a time and continue dayly to use it for three Days following ; when the Patient spits you must keep him to Posset-drink or Chicken-Broath , also a Cordial must be at Hand to prevent fainting , his Mouth must be syringed with Barly-Water and Liquorice and the like . New Milk held in his Mouth or Chicken-Broath will ease the pain and digest the Sloughs that rise ; a rolled Clout ought to be placed between his Teeth to keep his Chops from closing ; he must be rais'd high in the Bed if his weakness constrain him to it , and kept forward that the Rheum may run out of his Mouth and not down his Throat ; but if he can rise he will spit the better and more plentifully . Salivation by unction commonly lasts twenty four or twenty five Days ; sometimes to the thirtieth Day . In the hight of it our work is to keep up the strength , and if through Costiveness they Spit little , give them a Glister , that they may Spit better , and attend the washing their Mouths ; but as the Sloughs begin to separate , which will be towards the declension of the Salivation , prescribe them a decoction of Sarsa or the like , to drink at least thrice a day ; and before the Slough is quite cast off , purge them , and as they are able to eat Meat , put them into a drying diet , and sweat them , as shall be shewed in its proper place . It happens sometimes in anointing , that their Mouths are much Ulcerated , and their Breath smells strong , yet their Cheeks do not swell , nor do they Spit considerably ; in which case , forbear the anointing , and consider the cause of it , and if the body be strong and plethorick , Vomit them with Turbith , or infusion of Crocus metallorum : But if they are weak or costive , administer a Glister ; and if afterwards it rise not , dispose them to Sweat with draughts of warm Posset Ale , or bath them ; for that way it will sometimes arise , when with the other it will not . But if they have faintness , palpitation of the Heart , shortness of Breath , Fever and the like , your best way will be to purge it off , with an infusion of Sena , and the like with the adition of Syrup of Roses solutive , or of Syrup of Buckthorn , and keep up their Spirits the while with Cordials , and good Broaths ; if their Lungs be opprest , let them Blood , and prescribe Lohochs ; but if there be also a suppression of Urine , or if they make but little and high coloured , purge them with Barnet or Epsom Water turned into Posset , and quicken it with some purging Syrup . If by these ways of purging the accidents remit , and the Salivation rises , it is well ; but if it does not , yet there being a colliquation made , you may by well purging , strict diet , sweating and the like , obtain your end . While you are removing the abovesaid acciden●s , you must have a special regard to the Ulcers within their Mouths ; for it is from the fixing of the Mercury , that those malign Ulcers are made , which the less sensible they are of them the more corrupt they are . Sometimes by raising the Salivation by unction , it passes downwards by Stool , in which case , we prescribe Venice-Treacle , Diascordium , Laudanum , Opiatum and the like , which being given at Night will not only strengthen their Bowels . but dispose them to rest , and incourage them to go on in the anointing , a Vomit of Turbith mineral . After the unction has been some while used , does frequently raise the Salivation , and after it is well raised , you may heighten , or continue it by the application of some of the following Plasters : But if after all your endeavours to raise the Salivation it does discharge it self by a loosness , with great evacuation , you are then to defend the Intestins from the acrimony of the humours , by Glister of Chicken-broath , lest the bloody Flux follows . Inwardly we prescribe large draughts of Chicken-Broath , a Decoction of burtnt Hearts-horn , and Milk-water boyled with a Stick of Cinnamon . After the Flux is stopt , you must consider the strength of the Patient , and if the Sick be very weak , you must not insist upon Fluxing , but proceed with Sudorificks , and the like , not doubting of success in the Cure ; for such a loosness does for the most part contribute as much to the Cure , as if they had Salivated . There is yet another way of Fluxing , and that is by the application of Mercurial Plasters about the Arms Legs , and the like ; they were first designed I suppose for the more tender , and delicate sort of People , who would not admit of the unction . Take of Diachylon with Orris one pound , of Red-Lead Plaster eight ounces , of Gum Carranna , and Tacamahaca , each four ounces , of Benzoin , Storax Calamit , and Ambar , each two ounces , of Liquid-storax , and of Peruvian Balsam , each a sufficient quantity ; mingle them over the Fire , and when it is removed from the Fire , add eight ounces of Crude Mercury extinguished with Turpentine ; make a Plaster . These being spread upon a Cloath thick , and applyed , you must then put them into a warm Bed , and with a draught of warm Posset-drink , sweat them dayly , and treat them , as has been said , in the Salivation by unction . If it arise not by the first Plasters , you must apply fresh once in four or five days ; and if there be occasion you may hasten the Salivation by a few grains of Turbith Mineral . I have sometimes Salivated Persons by these Plasters , but for the most part , I use them to raise a Salivation , or continue it in such , where I began it with internals , and for that purpose they are of excellent use . The humours being evacuated by Salivation and purging , sweating will be necessary ; they may sweat in Bed or out of it ; the Bed is proper for the weaker sort , and there they may sweat with Bottles of hot water , or Bricks heated and placed about them ; or they may sweat under a Frame ; if they sweat with Bottles or Bricks , they must have many Cloaths , as Blankets and the like to cover them close , and the Bottles or Bricks may be wrapped in Napkins , and applyed according as you design to sweat , more particularly any one part ; generally they are placed one each side near the Armpits , Hips , and at the Soles of the Feet . If you sweat with Bricks , let them be heated rather by boyling Water than Fire , lest in the Bed they burn the Patient . The way by a Frame is this , you are to fold a well aired Sheet four double , and lay it under the Patient ; then his Shirt being stripped off , the Frame must be placed over him , and a Sheet over the Frame , and Blankets over that Sheet and both Sheet , and Blankets must be brought over the end of the Frame , and be tucked down close to the Neck ; then a Pan of well burnt Charcoal , or Spirit of Wine must be put in the lower end of the Frame ; this being done shut the Door , and take care that the heat be kept in . His Head ought also to be covered warm that it may sweat ; if he took not his Sudorifick before , he must take it now , the Diet-drink must be warmed , and may be commodiously given with a Glass pipe ; a couple of Servants must attend the Patient during his being in the Frame , the one of them must attend him with a warm Napkin to wipe the sweat off his Face , and to give him Cloaths to rub his Body with , which Cloaths ought to be thrust in and taken out at one side of the Frame ; this Servant ought to have regard his Master , that upon the least complaint , he may give warning to his fellow to renew the Fire , or to take it out according as there should be occasion . The Fire being removed , and the Sheet next the Frame somewhat cool , one of the Servants must hold the Cloaths close to the Patients Neck and Shoulders , whilst the other draws the Frame away . Then shall they both tack the Blankets and Covering close to him , and give him another draught of his Diet-drink , and continue him in his sweat half an hour or more , if he can admit it ; then gradually cool him , and pull away the wet folded Sheet from under him ; then rub him with dry Cloaths and put on his Shirt ; and if he be disposed to slumber an hour he may ; otherwise he may rise and Dine at his pleasure . They commonly sweat three quarters of an hour in the Frame , and an hour in Bed , after the Frame is pulled away . The ways of sweating out of Bed are by Stove , Tub , Chair , or Cradle ; the Stove is most eas●y in regard they may sit , stand , or walk up and down ; but when they go out of them to Bed , there is danger of taking cold . Bathing is of great use in this Disease , whether it be new or old ; in dry Bodies , where the Disease has been long confirmed , bathing is necessary to dispose them to Salivation ; it is also proper after the Patient has past through the strict course of Salivation , purging and sweating ; the Body being thereby dryed and wasted is hereby cooled , moistned , and restored to its natural temper . In order to bathing , we generally let blood and purge , if there be a Plethoria ; but when the Body is wasted and dry , a Glister may serve : Before the Patient enters into the Bath he may drink a draught of Caudle or Broath , and in the Bath he may take a spoonful or two of Harts-horn-Gelly , or the like . The Vessel we bath in is a Tub wherein the Patient may sit up to the Neck , for want of such a Barrel may serve , the one end being beat out , and a stool placed in it to sit on ; the bath Liquor is according to the occasion , and quality of the sick . Sometimes it is all Milk , other times Milk and Water , or only Water with a Bag of Wheaten Bran , which serves the Patient as a cushion and makes the water milky : They are sometimes Perfumed with Wood of Cassia , Rhodium , yellow Sanders , and the like . The Baths of Milk are apt to sowre , therefore ought to be renewed daily ; the other will last longer sweet . In the time of Bathing , there ought to be plenty of hot and cold water , to continue the Bath of a moderate temper , neither too hot nor too cold ; some Hoops should be fastened over the head of the Tub , whereon a Blanket or Sheet as a Canopy may be cast , in case the Air be cold ; a Servant or two ought also to be attending in case of Fainting , lest he sink into the Water ; therefore upon his complaint , raise him up , and casting a Sheet about him , put him into a warm Bed , where he may refresh himself , and at his pleasure rise and cloath himself , and Dine or Sup , as his appetite requires . Bathing may be used twice a day , but never upon a full Stomach . During the cure of this Disease , it will be requisite that the Patient keep his Chamber , and that it be made temperately warm ; the taking of Physick and rambling abroad in the Cold being extreamly prejudicial to their Cure , and is frequently attended with a Loosness and noise in the Ears and Deafness There is also a special care to be taken concerning their Diet , that on those days they Purge , their Dinner be of good Nourishment , Boiled or Roasted . We also allow them good Broath , and Beer or Ale to raise their Strength , so as they may be able to bear the evacuation which is required . But in the time of their Sweating , we confine them to a very slender and drying Diet , only sufficient to support their Spirits . A Chop of a Neck of Mutton or two Ribs dry Roasted , was the old stint . I permit them to make choice of one sort of Meat , and keep them to it ; which among the better sort is , Partridge , and that without Sawce , their Suppers may be Bisket , Raisins of the Sun , and a few blanched Almonds , and their Drink a Decoction of Sarsa , and the like ; but in weak and extenuated Bodies , China Broath , or a mixture of Milk with their Diet-drink may be necessary . Exercise is of use in the beginning of this Disease , and may serve to rouse the native heat , and to thrust forth the malignity , and waste superfluities ; but after the Disease is more confirmed , violent exercise is hurtful . Sleep is allowed in the day to refresh them , they being for the most part disturbed in the night by their Pains , which are therefore called Nocturnal . Venery ought to be avoided , and the Passions of the Mind . As to a Gonorrhea , the main of the Cure is performed by Purging ; but because the Disease is accompanied with an Inflammation , and cured by Purging Medicines that are hot , cooling Diet must be ordered through the whole Course . Take of the mass of the Pill Coch. Major , three drachms , of Extract of Rudius , one drachm , of rosin of Julap , and Diagridium , each half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of Opobalsamum ; make six Pills of every drachm . The Sick must take four of them at four or five a Clock in the Morning , and sleep upon them for twelve or fourteen days or more , till the heat of Urine and the yellow colour of the Matter be much lessened ; afterwards every other day for a Fortnight , and afterwards twice a Week , till the Humour quite stop , which will not be done till a long time , though it be commonly affirmed , that that Ichor that is seen especially in a Morning at the top of the Yard being pressed , proceeds only from a loosness of the parts , by reason of the long continuance of the running : Yet the Sick will find it otherwise , if he neglect Purging before it is quite gone : For upon any small occasion , as by immoderate Drinking , violent Exercise , or the like , the Gonorrhea will return . But if the Gonorrhea does not yield to such kind of Purging , it will be proper instead of Pills , especially if the Sick are difficultly Purged , to give betwixt whiles some more powerful Medicines , as is the following Purge . Take of Tamarinds half an ounce , of the leaves of Sena two drachms , of Rhubarb one drachm and an ha●f ; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water , in three ounces of the strained Liquor ; dissolve of Manna and syrup of Roses solutive , each one ounce , of syrup of Buckthorn and of Electuary of the juice of Roses , each two Drachms , mingle them ; make a Potion . If the Cure proceed slowly , give eight Grains of Turbith Mineral , only twice or thrice , and at due distances , lest a Flux arises ; and this Medicine is certainly the best for an obstinate running of the Re●ns . But sometimes the Sick has such an ●ver●●on for Purging often repeated , that he cannot so much as see or smell the Medicine ; and sometimes by a certain Idiosyncrasy , there is such an obstinate opposition to Purging , that a due quantity of the peccant Humour cannot be evacuated ; and whilst we waste time to no purpose in endeavouring to purge the Sick , the Pox creeps on ; when the case is so , we must use Glisters , and on those days the sick does not use them , we must give Catharticks by the Mouth : I proceed in the following manner , I give the foresaid Pills , or the like for two or three Mornings following , and afterwards I order the following , Glister to be injected in the Morning , and at five in the Afternoon daily , till all the Symptoms cease ; only once or twice a Week I give a Purge , omitting on those days the Glister . Take of the Electuary of the juice of Roses , six drachms , of Venice Turpentine dissolved in the yolk of an Egg an ounce , mix them with a pint of Barly-water ; to the strained liquor , add two ounces of Diacatholicon ; mingle them , make a Glister . Every night at Bed-time I give twenty five drops of Opobalsamum , mixed with Sugar , or for want of it , Cyprus Turpentine , to the quantity of a hazel-Nut . I forbid salt Meats and other things of hard digestion , as Beef , Pork , Fish , Cheese , Roots and Herbs , and all Summer Fruits , and instead of them , I order Veal , Mutton , Chicken , Rabbets , and the like , and the Sick must eat but sparingly of these . He must forbear Wine and all strong and sharp Liquors ; but he may drink Milk boyled with thrice the quantity of Water , and a small quantity of small Beer at Meals , and betwixt the Purging , he may drink of the following Emulsion frequently , to qualifie the heat of Urine , and the Inflammation . Take of the seeds of Melons and of Pompious , each half an ounce , of the seeds of white Poppies , two drachms , of blanched Almonds number eight , beat them together in a marble Mortar , pouring upon them gently , a pint and an half of Barly-water ; to the strained Liquor add a sufficient quantity of Christaline Sugar , and make an Emulsion . When the Sick is of a very sanguine Constitution , and when the Disease is obstinate , after I have Purged him a Month or thereabout , I order eight or nine Ounces of Blood to be taken from the Arm. In this disease he that Cleanses well , Cures well , only Mineral waters must not be used . But it is to be noted , if the Glans be covered all over with the Prepuce , and if by reason of the Inflammation it be swelled hard and callous , so that it cannot be drawn back , it is in vain to attempt the cure of the Running , unless at the same time the Part affected be reduced to its natural State , the hardness and swelling being removed ; therefore the following Medicines must be used Yake of the roots of Marshmallows and of Lillies , each one ounce and an half , of the leaves of Mallows , Mullein , Elder and Henbane , of the flowers of Camomile and Melilot , each one handful , of the seeds of Flax and Fenugreek , each half an ounce , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water , make a Fomentation , wherewith foment the part half an hour at a time , twice or thrice a day . After the fomentation I order that the part affected be anointed with the Oyl of Flax-seeds fresh drawn , and that a Plaster of the Mucilages be apply'd to the swell'd lips of the Prepuce ; but if the Ulcer in the Lips of the Prepuce or on the Glans under it hinders it from being drawn back easily , besides the fomentation above mention'd I prescribe also the following Liniment . Take of Basilicon six drachms , of the Ointment of Tobacco two drachms , of red precipitat wash'd in Rose-water and well powder'd half a drachm ; mingle them , make a liniment wherewith make Pledgets and apply them to the Chancres after the use of the fomentation . But when the Scrotum is the seat of the Disease , after the use of the fomentation , if the pain and swelling be not abated , apply a Cataplasm of Oxycrate and Bean-flower ; also at the same time , I use inwardly Catharticks and cooling Medicines , and order the Diet above-mentioned , and bleed at any time of the Disease , if the swelling in the Scrotum be great , and if the pain be violent . If a swelling arises in the Groin , apply the follow-Plaster to suppurate it . Take of Galbanum and Ammoniacum , each two ounces , of Opopanax and Sagapenum , each one ounce , of Mustard-seed and Pellitory of Spain , each six drachms , of common Soap , two ounces , of Burgundine Pitch , four ounces , of Oil of Lillies , two ounces , of Wax a sufficient quantity ; make a Plaister . For Ulcers in the Pallate and Tonsis . Take of all the Throatwort , three handfuls , of Holm , Self-heal and Male Speedwell , each one handful , of red Roses , one pugil , of red Sanders and the Wood of Juniper , each one ounce ; make a Decoction in two quarts of Barly-water ; boil it to the consumption of a third part ; in the strain'd Liquor dissolve of syrup of dried Roses and Diamoron , each three ounces , of Hony , two ounces ; make a Lotion . With this the Ulcer may be washed daily either by Syringing or Gargling : but if the Ulcers be behind or over the Palate , the best way to cleanse them will be to pass the Injection up into the Nostrils ; but the Patient must keep his Mouth full of Water all the while to prevent Coughing . If the Ulcers are sordid , dress them with the Lac sublimate upon an armed Probe ; if there be a Caries in the bone of the Palate , touch it with Aqua divina Fernelii ; if the bone be corrupted through , 't will be necessary to wear a plate . In Ulcers of the Nose , the matter usually mixing with the excrementitious humours dryes in the passage , and thereby prohibits the discharge , and increases the ulceration , and also the Caries , and therefore you are in the first place to supple and remove that , by casting up mucilaginous decoctions . Take of cleans'd Barly one ounce , of the roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces , of the Seeds of Quinces three Drachms , of Liquorish two drachms , boyl them in a quart of Fountain-water ; to the strain'd Liquor add three ounces of Oyl of Almonds ; let it be injected often in a day ; the mucus being thus removed , inject the following Water . Take of Sarsaparilla sliced three ounces , infuse them twenty four hours in three pints of plantain-water , then boyl half away , towards the end add of the Leaves of Agrimony , Sage and the tops of Brambles each one handful , of red Roses and Balaustines each half an handful , quench Steel often in the strain'd Liquor , and add to it two drachms of Roch Alum , and make an Injection . This will cleanse the Ulcers , and in the mean while you may by Anti-venereals hasten the exfoliation of the Bones , and consolidation of the Ulcers . For the extirpation of Warts and the like Excrescencies magisterial water of Alum , lac Sublimati , Spirit of vitriol , and the caustick Stone , are proper ; when these will not do the business , the Ligature and Knife and actual cautery will ; but the growing of them again must be prevented by Anti-venereals . To cure the fluttering noise in the Ears arising in this Disease , Take of the bark of Guiacum one drachm , of the bark of Sassafras two drachms , of Castor four scruples , of the flowers of Lavender one drachm and an half , of Cloves half a drachm , of Spirit of Wine rectified , eight ounces ; make an Infusion in a glass Vessel , twenty four hours upon hot Ashes ; keep the strain'd Liquor for use . Put some of this daily into the Ears warm with Cotton . To ease Pains , Take of Lard four ounces , of Oil of Scorpions two ounces , of the Oils of Camomil , Rosemary and Sage , each half a drachm , of Petroleum and Spike Oil , each one drachm , of London Laudanum one Scruple more or less ; mingle them and anoint the Part. If Nodes cause the Pain , apply the Plaister of Frogs , with four times the quantity of Quick-silver . CHAP. CXXVII . Of the Itch , and Spots and Pimples in the Face . OFten and constant eating of salt Fish or Flesh , and dryed in the Sun , also Drinks that are disagreeable and poysonous , do commonly cause cutaneous eruptions ; also the Humour gathered in the cutaneous Glands , sometimes by meer Stagnation , becomes not only itchy , but oftentimes corruptive ; wherefore , not only they that have been long kept in Prison , but also they that have liv'd a Sedentary Life and are used to Filth and Stinks , are subject to these Diseases . As to the cure of the Itch , there are two primary Indications ; First , that the glandulous Humour be reduced to a due disposition . Secondly , that the pores of the Skin be freed from ichorus concretions . The preservative Indication respects these two things . First that the itchy Humour does not regurgitate upon the Blood and nervous Liquor . Secondly , that itchy Humour , if it be fallen upon the noble Parts , be eradicated . All these intentions of Healing , ought to be complicated , or at least provided for by turns , by external and internal Remedies . You must begin and end with Purging ; and Bleeding , if nothing contra-indicates , must be used at the beginning . Alteratives must be also used , and Liniments and Baths , or Topicks of other kinds . I will set down some choice forms of Medicines of every kind , and first as to Purges ; a Purge or a Vomit must be given at the beginning , and after bleeding , ( if it be used ) a purging Apozem , or Diet-Drink , must be taken for seven or eight days . Take of the Electuary , called Diacarthamum , three drachms , of the Species called Diaturbith with Rhubarb , one drachm , of Cream of Tartar and Salt of Wormwood , each half a Scruple , of the purging Syrup of Apples a sufficient quantity ; make a Bolus . Take of Sulphur of Antimony grains seven , of Scammony sulphurated , grains eight , of Cream of Tartar , half a scruple ; make a Powder . Take of the Roots of Polipody of the Oak , of sharp-pointed Dock prepared , each one ounce , of the leaves of Sena ten drachms , of Turbith , Agarick , and Dodder of Thyme , each one ounce , of the seeds of Carthamus half an ounce , of yellow Sanders two drachms , of the Seeds of Anise and Caraways , each two drachms , cut them and beat them , and digest them hot in two quarts of White-wine in a Vessel close stopped for twenty four hours ; pour off the clear Liquor without pressing . The Dose is six ounces , either by themselves , or with a spoonful of the Syrup of Dodder of Thyme . Or , Take the fore-said Ingredients and boyl them in three quarts of Fountain-water till half is consumed , then add a pint of White-wine , strain it presently to be taken as before . Or , Take of the roots of Polypody of the Oak , of sharp-pointed Dock , each three ounces , of the best Sena four ounces , of Dodder of Thyme , Turbith , and Mechoacan , each two ounces , of yellow Sanders one ounce , of Coriander-seeds six drachms , prepare them according to Art , make a Bag for four Gallons of Ale , after five or six days Tap it , and take three quarters of a pint , more or less every morning for eight or ten days . For the ordinary drink provide four gallons of small Ale , and hang in a Bag in it the following Ingredients . Take of the tops of Tamarisk and Fumitory dryed , each four handfuls , of the roots of sharp-pointed Dock dryed six ounces , of the bark of Woody Night-shade two ounces , cut and beat them . As to altering Remedies , there is little need of others besides the altering drink above prescribed ; only the Patient must observe a good course of Diet , he must forbear salt and peppered Meats , Shell-fish , and such as are Pickled ; also Wine , Strong-waters and strong Beer . As to Ointments , the following is commonly used . Take of the powder or flower of Brimstone , half an ounce , of Butter that is not Salted , four ounces , of Ginger powdered half a drachm , make a Liniment . The following is neater , though not much more effectual . Take of Ointment of Roses four ounces , of Brimstone half an ounce , of the Oil of Tartar per deliquium , a sufficient quantity , make a Liniment ; you may perfume it with a scruple of Oil of Rhodium . But after all , I have found by much Experience , that Quick-silver Girdles ( though they are generally much disliked ) are most effectual for curing the Itch , and as Safe as any other Medicine , if they are prepared in the following manner . Take of Quick-silver three quarters of an ounce , the White of one new laid Egg , beat them together in a woodden Dish with a Stick two hours , then spread it on a Girdle of new Flannel the breadth of three Fingers ; you must spread it all by degrees and dry it in the Sun , or by a moderate Fire , and it must be worn a Month or six Weeks , being sewed strait round the Waste ; the side whereon the Mercury is being turned to the Body . The Patient must be Purged once before the use of the Girdle , and once after the Itch is cured . And by this short and easie Method , I have cured whole Families infected with the Itch , and never perceived the least Injury , though I have used it frequently and several Years . The following Water is excellent for taking off Spots and Pimples from the Face , and the redness of it , and that blackness which looks like Gunpowder in the Face , especially about the Nose and Fore-head , which is sometimes the black heads of Worms . Take of Sublimate one ounce , put it into a tin Pot with three pints of Fountain-water , let them stand together twenty four hours , stir them now and then with a Stick , till all the Liquor looks black ; filter it through Paper , and with a Feather or the like dipt in it , touch the Face gently once in a day or two . FORMS OF MEDICINES Frequently used by the London Physicians . Medicines for a Consumption . TAKE of the Pill of Hound's Tongue , half a scruple , of Balsam of Tolu , one scruple ; mix them , make six Pills : Let two be taken at Bed-time every other night . Take of liquid Pitch , of Balsam of Tolu , each 26 grains , of Chios-turpentine , 1 scruple ; make a Mass , whereof make middling Pills : Let three he taken in the morning and at bed-time , drinking upon them four spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the Waters of Hyssop , one pint , of Ground-Ivy , six ounces , of the tincture of the Balsam of Tolu , one drachm and an half , of White-sugar-candy , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them . Take of the pectoral Decoction clarified , one quart ; boil it in an handful of Ground-ivy leaves , and of the syrup of Raspberries and of the balsamick Syrup , each six drachms ; mingle them : Let a small draught be taken in the morning , and at four in the afternoon . Take of Conserve of red Roses , two ounces , of Flowers of Sulphur , two drachms , of the species of Diatraga●●nth frigid , one drachm and an half , of Lucatellus's Balsam , two drachms , of Opobalsam , half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of balsamick Syrup ; make an Electuary , whereof let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg in the morning and at four a clock in the afternoon , drinking upon it a draught of the following Apozem . Take of the roots of China , one ounce , of Sarsaparilla , two ounces , of Lentisk wood , one ounce , of Ivory and Hartshorn rasped , each one drachm and an half , of the leaves of Hyssop and Coltsfoot , each one handful , of Figs two pair , of Dates number three , of Raisins of the Sun an ounce and an half , of Liquorice three drachms ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water to three pints of the strained Liquor , add one ounce of the tincture of Saffron , with syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half ▪ make an Apozem . Take of Lemnian-earth , half a scruple , of Bole-armenick , twelve grains , of the Pill of Storax , one drachm and an half , of Jesuit's Powder , half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Clove Gillyflowers ; make fourscore Pills : Let him take five every sixth hour during the Loosness , drinking upon them seven spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of the Aqua lactis alexiteria , twelve ounces , of Cinnamon-water hordeated , three ounces , of Dr. Stephans and Epidemick-water , each two ounces , of Diacodium , three ounces ; mingle them , make a Julep . Apozems . TAke of burnt Hart's horn , of the Roots of Scorzonera and Bread , each one ounce ; boil them in two pints and an half of Barly-water , till half is consumed ; to the strained Liquor , add of Christaline sugar and of Cinnamon-water hordeated , each one ounce ; mingle them , make an Apozem : Give four ounces every third or fourth hour . Take of Citron-bark candid , one ounce and an half , of candid Angelica , half an ounce , of Hart's horn rasped , one ounce and an half , of Currans , six ounces , a Crust of white Bread ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of thin Barly-water to a pint and an half ; to the strained Liquor , add of the syrup of the juice of Oranges , one ounce ; mingle them , make an Apozem : Drink of it at pleasure when thirsty . Take of the Roots of Scorzonera and Angelica , each six drachms , of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-sorrel , two handfuls , of Hart's horn and Ivory rasped , each half an ounce , of the opening Roots , each half an ounce , of Liquorice , two drachms ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Barly-water to a pint and an half ; to the strained Liquor , add of compound Scordium-water , and of the cold Cordial-water of Saxony , each three ounces , of the syrup of Raspberries , three ounces ; mingle them , make an Apozem : Let him take three or four ounces at pleasure . Take of the Peruvian Bark , one ounce , of Balsam of Tolu , three drachms , of Cochinel , one scruple ; boil them in a pint of Carduus-water ; to the strained Liquor , add of the syrup of Raspberries and epidemick Water , each two ounces . Take of the Roots of spanish Scorzonera , one ounce and an half , of the raspings of Hart's horn , 6 drachms , of Ivory rasped , three drachms , of Marigold flowers , two pugils , of fat Figs cut two pair ; boil them in Barly-water : To a quart of the strained Liquor clarified , add of Epidemick-water , one ounce and an half ; sweeten it with white Sugar and make an Apozem , whereof let him take a draught at any time when he is thirsty . Take of calcined Hart's horn powder'd , two ounces , of Fountain-water , two quarts ; boil it till half is consumed , strain it gently through a linnen Rag , and add two it three ounces of syrup of Oranges : This is the white Decoction , and is an excellent drink for Worms in Children , for a Loosness , and for Fevers . Cordials . TAke of the Waters of Wood-sorrel , all the Citron and Strawberries , each four ounces , of syrup of the juice of Citron , one ounce , of Pearls powdered , one drachm ; mingle them . Take of the Waters of black Cherries and Aqua Lactis alexiteria , each five ounces , of Elder-flowers , Cinnamon hordeated , and epidemick Water , each two ounces , syrup of Raspberries , two ounces and an half ; mingle them . Take of Confection of Hyacinth , one scruple , Conserve of Wood sorrel , one drachm , of species Liberans , half a scruple , with a sufficient quantity of the syrup of the juice of Citron ; make a Cordial Bolus . Take of the compound Powder of Crab's claws , half a scruple , of Volatile salt of Hart's horn , three grains , of confection of Hyacinth , a sufficient quantity . Take of the Cordial magisterial Powder , of compound Powder of Crab's claws , each twelve grains , of the temperate Cordial Species , eight grains ; mingle them , make a Cordial-powder for two Doses . Take of the compound Powder of Crab's claws and of the Goa-stone , each half a drachm ; mingle them ▪ Make a Powder , to be divided into three doses . Catharticks . TAke of Quercetan's pill of Tartar , one drachm and an half , of the Pil. Coch. major , two scruples , of chimical Oil of Marjoram , three drops ; mingle them , make twelve Pills , and let three be taken at Bed-time , once in two or three days . Take of the fetid Pill and of Troches of Myrrh , each one drachm , of volatile Salt , of sal Armoniack , one scruple , of peruvian Balsam , a sufficient quantity ; make midling Pills . Take of the fetid Pill and of Rudius's extract , each half a drachm , of salt of VVormwood , ten grains , of Oil of Cloves , two drops , with a sufficient quantity of Elixir Proprietatis ; make twelve Pills : Let him take four every third day with Regimen . Take of the Pills of Storax , ten grains , of Aloes Rosat . two scruples ; make eight Pills : Let him take them every other night , and the next morning an ounce of Manna , and a drachm of Cream of Tartar. Take of Pil. ex duobus and of Pil. Coch. minor , each one scruple , of salt of Tartar , half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Backthorn and four drops of Juniper berries ; make twelve Pills : Let him take six , with Regimen . Take of the Pill of Hound's-tongue , one scruple , of Aloes Rosat . and of the Pil. Coch. minor , each one drachm , of salt of Tartar , half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Violets ; make eighteen Pills : Give six when the cholick pain is violent , and let the sick keep his bed six hours , and repeat them upon occasion . Take of Manna , one ounce and an half ; dissolve it in two ounces and an half of black Cherry-water ; add one ounce of the purging syrup of Apples , of spirit of Sulphur , three drops : Let the Child take half of this every other day . Take of Gerion's decoction of Sena , four ounces , of syrup of Buckthorn , six drachms , of spirit of Sulphur , six drops , of Aqua mirabilis , one drachm ; mingle them , make a Potion to be taken in the morning . Take of the Powder of Rhubarb , twenty five grains , of salt of Wormwood , eight grains , of syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Bolus ; to which add two drops of chimical Oil of Aniseeds . Take of Mercurius dulcis and Diagridium , each fifteen grains ; mingle them , make a Powder to be taken in the morning . Diaphoreticks . TAke of Venice-treacle , half a drachm , of bezoartick Powder , one scruple , of syrup of the juice of Citron , a sufficient quantity : Make a Bolus . Take of the Powders of the roots of Contrayerva , Virginian snakeweed and Butterbur , each one drachm , of Cochinele and Saffron , each half a drachm ; mingle them , make a Powder : The dose is half a drachm . Take of the compound Powder of Crab's claws , half a drachm , of conserve of VVoodsorrel , one drachm , of Mithridate , two scruples and an half ; mingle them . Presently after taking it , drink a draught of Posset-drink , wherein Camomil or Marigold-flowers have been boil'd . Take of Venice-treacle , one drachm , of Laudanum Opiatum , one grain and an half , of the pulp of Conserve of Roses , half a drachm ; mingle them , make a Bolus , to be taken at bed-time , drinking upon it the following draught . Take of Treacle-water , one ounce , of Carduus-water , two ounces , of syrup of Cowslips , three drachme ; mingle them , make a draught . Take of Venice-treacle , two scruples , of volatile Salt of Amber and Bezoartic mineral , each half a drachm , of Laudanum opiatum , three grains ; mingle them , make a Bolus . Take of Salt of Hartshorn , two grains , of the magisterial Cordial-powder , six grains , of Camphor and Cochinele each four grains , of Venice-treacle , one scruple , of the Aqua Coelestis , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Bolus . Let it be taken at a convenient time , and let nine ounces of the following Apozem be taken every third hour . Take of the roots of Scorzonera , two ounces , of Butturbur , Angelica and Fennel , each one ounce , of rasped Hartshorn , six drachms , of Ivory rasped , three drachms , of Marigold-flowers , one pugil , of Vetches , half a handful ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Barly-water ; to a quart of the Liquor strain'd , add half an ounce of tincture of Saffron , of Christalline Sugar , one ounce ; mingle them , make an Apozem . Diureticks . TAke of Sal Prunellae , two drachms , of Sugar candy , one drachm ; make a Powder to be divided into six parts : Let one be taken thrice a day . Take of Sal Prunella , three drachms , of Salt of Amber , half a drachm ; make a Powder : The dose is half a drachm thrice a day . Take of Compound-water of Horse-radish , two ounces , of Pellitory-water , four ounces , of spirit of Salt , one scruple fifteen grains , of salt of Tartar , fifteen grains , of syrup of Violets , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Potion . Take of the Powder of Bees , one scruple , of the seeds of Lovage , half a scruple ; mingle them , make a Powder . Take of the Powder of Egg-shells , half a drachm , or one drachm , give it in a draught of Whitewine . Take of the Waters of Arsmart and Wake-robin , each six ounces , of compound Briony-water and compound Radish-water , each two ounces , of the syrup of the five opening Roots , one ounce and an half , of spirit of Salt , forty drops ; mingle them , make a Julep : Let four or five ounces of it be taken twice a day . Eye-Waters . TAke of the water of Spawn of Frogs , of Plantain and of Roses , each one ounce , of Tutty-stone prepared , two scruples , of the white Troches of Rhasis , half a scruple ; mingle them , make an Eye-water to be used twice or thrice a day cold . Take of red Rose water , two ounces , of Salt of Vitriol , finely powder'd , five grains ; mingle them , make a Collyrium . Take of Crocus metallorum , one drachm , of Plantain-water , three ounces ; digest them hot for six hours , and then filter them : Make a Collyrium , to be dropt into the Eyes often in a day . Emulsions . TAke of blanched Almonds , number three , of the seeds of Melons , Lettice and white Poppies , each one drachm , of the pulp of Barly , three drachms ; beat them , and pour on them a sufficient quantity of Barly-water ; to eight ounces of the strained Liquor , add five drachms of Diacodium ; mingle them , make an Emulsion . Take of blanched Almonds , twelve , of the four greater cold Seeds , each one drachm and an half , of the seeds of Lettice and white Poppies , each half a drachm ; beat them in a marble Mortar , and pour on them gently a sufficient quantity of Poppy-water ; make an Emulsion for 2 doses , to which add an ounce of syrup of Violets , and half a drachm of sal Prunella . Take of blanched Almonds infused in Rose-water , two ounces , of the four greater cold seeds , and of Plantain and Purslain , each one drachm , of seeds of Marsh-mallows and white Poppies , each one scruple ; beat them according to Art , and pour on them a sufficient quantity of the decoction of Barly and Liquorice ; make an Emulsion for two doses : To each add , of syrup of Water-lillies , one ounce , of sal Prunella , half a drachm . Gargarisms . TAke of the Waters of Plantain and spawn of Frogs , each four ounces , of syrup of Mulberries and dried Roses , each one ounce , of spirit of Vitriol , a sufficient quantity to make it pleasantly acid ; make a Gargarism . Take of the middle bark of the Elm , two ounces , of Barly-water , one pint and an half ; boil it to a pint : Add to the strain'd Liquor when 't is clear , of Epidemic-water and syrup of Rasberries , each two ounces , of spirit of Sulphur , half a scruple ; mingle them , make a Gargarism . Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Quinces made in Rose-water , two ounces , of syrup of Rasberries , one ounce ; mingle them : Let him take one spoonful often and hold it a little upon his Tongue , and swallow it by degrees . Take of Plantain-water , one pint , the whites of two Eggs , of Sugar , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Gargarism . Take of the roots of Marshmallows , one ounce , of Liquorish rasped , three drachms , of the middle bark of the Elm and of common Bramble-bush , each three drachms , of the leaves of Sage and Columbine , each half a handful , of fat Figs , number five , of red Roses , half a handful , of Balaustines , half a drachm , of Jew's Ears , two drachms , of Cochinel , one scruple ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water to one pint ; strain the Liquor , and sweeten it with Hony of Roses strain'd ; make a Gargarism . Take of the Waters of red Roses and Plantain , each two ounces , of Hony of Roses strain'd and of syrup of Mulberries , each three drachms , of crude Alom pouder'd , ten grains ; mingle them , make a Gargarism . Glisters . TAke of the carminative Decoction , ten ounces , of mercurial Hony , one ounce , of brown Sugar , two ounces and a half , of the Electuary of Laurel-berries , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of the common Decoction for a Glister , one pint , of Lenitive Electuary , one ounce and a half , of Diacatholicon , one ounce , of Oil of Camomil , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of Cow's milk , one pint , of yolks of Eggs , number two , of Venice-treacle , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of the carminative Decoction with Lawrel and Juniper-berries , ten ounces , of the Electuary of Lawrel-berries , one ounce , of Vinum Benedictum , two ounces , of brown Sugar , three ounces , of chimical Oil of Juniper , ten drops ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of the common Decoction for a Glister , six ounces , of the species of Hiera pi●ra , one drachm , of Cassia , six drachms , of mercurial Hony , one ounce and a half ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of Cow's Milk , with a pugil of red Roses boil'd in it , six ounces , of Diascordium , one drachm ; mingle them , make a Glister . Take of the roots of Tormentil , of yellow Myrobalans , of the seeds of Coriander , each three drachms , of the Flowers of Camomil , half a handful , of Balaustines , one scruple ; boil them in a quart of Fountain-water ; to half a pint of the strain'd Liquor , ade one drachm of Mithridate ; make a Glister . Liniments . TAke of the red Ophthalmic Ointment , of the last Edition save one of the London Dispensatory , two drachms , of Oil of bitter Almonds , twenty drops ; mingle them , make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the Eye-lids with a hot Finger . Take of pure Sperma ceti , two drachms , dissolve it in half an ounce of Oil of Almonds fresh drawn , add six drachms of Pomatum ; mingle them , make a Liniment for the Face . Take of Oils of Scorpions and of sweet Almonds , each one drachm , of Saffron pouder'd , half a scruple ; mingle them , make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the region of the Heart with a hot Hand , and apply over a Pidgeon cut in the middle , and renew it every third hour . Take of the Alabastrine Ointment , one drachm and a half , of Oil of Nutmegs , by expression , two scruples , mingle them ; anoint the Forehead and Temples , and apply over a Rose-cake sprinkled with Vinegar . Take of Populneum Ointment , half an ounce , of Opium , one scruple ; mingle them . Take of Ointment of Tobacco , one ounce and a half , of Flowers of Sulphur , half an ounce , of Oil of Nutmegs , by expression , two drachms , of sal Armoniac , one drachm ; mingle them . Take of the pectoral Ointment and of the Flowers of Oranges , each one ounce and a half , of the chimical Oil of Camomil-flowers , one scruple ; mingle them , make a Liniment , wherewith anoint the Breast with a hot Hand . Pectorals . TAke of Olibanum , Spema , ceti and of the Powder of Liquorice , each one scruple , of syrup of Marshmallows , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Bolus . Repeat it twice or thrice in a day . Take of Storax , strain'd Myrrh , Balsam of Tolu , Juice of Liquorice and Hony , each a sufficient quantity , make Pills : Take a scruple thrice a day upon an empty Stomach , drinking upon it two spoonfuls of the following Julep . Take of compound Gentian-water and of strong Cinnamon-water , and of Oxymel of Squills , each three ounces ; mingle them . Take of syrup of Maiden-hair and of Jujubes , each three ounces , of Oil of Flax fresh drawn , two ounces ; mingle them , make a Lohoch : Let him take half a spoonful every other hour , and when the Cough is violent . Take of Aniseeds finely pouder'd and of Liquorice pouder'd , each three drachms , of flowers of Sulphur , one drachm and a half , of the best Hony two ounces and a half dissolved in three spoonfuls of Cinnamon-water hordeated ; make an Electuary , to which add fifteen drops of Balsam of Sulphur , of Oil of Aniseeds , ten drops : Let him take two drachms in the morning , and at bed time . Take of the Lohoch Sanans , half an ounce , of syrup of Maiden-hair , two ounces , of Oil of sweet Almonds , half an ounce , of syrup of Jujubes , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Linctus , to be taken when the Cough is violent . Take of the Lohoch Sanans , three ounces , of syrup of Rasberries , one ounce ; mingle them : Make a Linctus . Plasters . THE Head being shaved and washed with equal parts of Canary and compound spirit of Lavender , apply a Plaster made of the Cephalic Plaster , and a fourth part of Gum Tacama-haca . To the Breast and Region of the Stomach , apply the Stomach-Plaster , with eight drops of Oil of Wormwood . Take of the Plaster ad Herniam and of red Lead , each a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Plaster to be apply'd to the Vertebrae of the Loins and the Os Sacrum . Take of the Plasters of Hemlock with Ammoniacum , of compound Melilote and Cummin , each equal parts , of sal Armoniac , half a drachm ; mingle them , make a Plaster for the region of the Spleen . Take of the best Aloes and of the Ointment de Arthanita , each one ounce , of Turpentine , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Plaster to be apply'd to the Navel . Take of the Cephalic Plaster with Euphorbium , three parts , of Burgundy-pitch , one part ; make a Plaster for the soles of the Feet . Pultisses . TAke of white Bread baked the day before , two ounces , of red Sanders pouder'd , one drachm and a half , of Camphor pouder'd , half a drachm ; mingle them , and with a sufficient quantity of cold Fountain-water , beat them ; make a Pultiss to be apply'd to the Eye shut , the quantity of a small Wallnut being used at a time twice a day . Take of the seeds of Mustard bruised , two drachms , of Garlic , one ounce , of black Soap , two ounces ; mingle them , make a Cataplasm to be apply'd to the soles of the Feet . Take of an Onion and the tops of Savine , each half an ounce , of Currants and Sea Salt , each half a handful ; beat them , and make a Cataplasm to be apply'd to the Wrists . Stomach Medicines . TAke of the Stomach Pill with Gums of Aloes Rosat . each fifteen grains , of London Laudanum , one grain ; mingle them , make four Pills to be taken at Bed-time , the next morning let him take two quarts of Epsom-waters or the like : Let the Pills and the Waters be repeated every third day for four times . Take of the Tinctura sacra , one pint and a half , let him take four spoonfuls every third night at Bed-time , and the next morning let two quarts of Epsom-water be boiled and turned with Milk , and let him drink it then . Take of the bitter Decoction , a quart ; in making it put in but half the quantity of Sena , and add a drachm of salt of Wormwood . To the strain'd Liquor , add four ounces of compound gentian Water made with White wine : Let four ounces be taken in the morning fasting , three hours before Dinner . Take of the bitter Tincture without Sena , two ounces , of Steel-wine , one ounce , of spirit of Saffron , eight drops ; take it morning and evening for thirteen days . Take of Crab's Eyes , prepared Pearl , red Coral prepared , each two scruples , of the best Chalk , one scruple ; mingle them , make a Pouder to be divided into eight parts ; let one be taken in a spoonful of syrup of Mint , thrice a day . Take of the Waters of black Cherries and Baulm , each three ounces , of Dr. Stephans's water , one ounce and a half , of spirit of Mint , three drachms , of Confection of Alkermes , two drachms , of syrup of Mint , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Julep : Let five spoonfuls be taken at a time . Take of the tops of the lesser Centaury , of the flowers of Camomil and Agrimony , each half a handful , of common Wormwood , half a pugil , of the roots of Gentian sliced , half a drachm , of Zedaary , one drachm , of the seeds of Carduus Benedictus and of Citrons , each one drachm and a half , of Filings of Steel , two ounces ; digest them all over a gentle Fire in two pints and a half of Whitewine , for four days ; filter the Liquor , and let nine ounces of it be taken every morning , and at four in the afternoon . Take of Salt of Wormwood , one scruple , of syrup of Lemons , a sufficient quantity to take off the Ebullition : Let it be used upon occasion . Suppositories . TAke of Hiera piera , two drachms , of Coloquintida and Agarick , each half a drachm , of Diagridium , one scruple , of sal Gemma , two drachms , of Hony boil'd to a due consistence , a sufficient quantity ; make Suppositories . Vomits . TAke of salt of Vitriol , half a drachm , of compound Water of Wallnuts , two ounces , of compound syrup of Scabious , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Vomit . Take of Vinum Benedictum , six drachms , of the Water of Carduus Benedictus , one ounce , of Oxymel of Squills , half an ounce ; mingle them , make a Vomit . Take of Oxymel of Squills , three ounces , of compound syrup of Scabious , one ounce ; let it be taken in an Evening , in a draught of clear Posset-drink , and let him drink Posset-drink frequently with a spoonful of Oil of Almonds in each draught . Take of Mercurius Vitae , four grains ; give it in the pulp of a roasted Apple . Take of Turbith Mineral , nine grains , of conserve of red Roses , a sufficient quantity ; mingle them , make a Vomit . ADVERTISEMENT . EXcellent Purging Pills , prepar'd by the Author , are to be sold by Mr. Henry Bonwicke , at the Red Lyon in St. Paul's Church-yard . They cure the Scurvy , the most reigning Disease of this Kingdom . They purge the Head , Breast , Stomach and Reins , and cleanse the Blood ; and are a very proper Purge for those that cannot confine themselves when they want Purging , but are forc'd to go abroad about their Business . The Price of each Box is 1 s. 6 d. with Directions for use . BOOKS Printed for Henry Bonwicke at the Red Lyon in St. Paul's Church-yard . COllections of Acute Diseases , in five Parts . I. Of the Small Pox , and Measles . II. Of the Plague , and Pestilential Fevers . III. Of Continual Fevers . IV. Of Agues , a Pleurisie , Peripneumonia , Quinsie and the Cholera Morbus . V. and last , of the Bloody-Flux , Miscariage , of Acute Diseases of Women with Child , a Rheumatism , Bleeding at Nose , Apoplexy , Lethargy , and several other Diseases . Collection of Chronical Diseases , viz. The Cholick , the Bilious Cholick , Histerick Diseases , the Gout , and the Bloody Urine from the Stone in the Kidnies . Promptuarium Praxeos Medicae ; seu Methodus Medendi , Praescriptis Celeberrimorum Medicorum Londinensium Concinnata , & in Ordinem Alphabeticum digesta . The Compleat Herbal of Physical Plants : Containing all such English and Foreign Herbs , Shrubs and Trees , as are used in Physick and Surgery ; and to the Virtues of those that are now in use , is added one Receipt or more , of some Learned Physitian . The Doses or Quantities of such as are prescribed by the London Physitians , and others , are proportion'd . Also Directions for making Compound-waters , Syrups , Simple Medicines . Moreover the Gums , Balsams , Oyls , Juices , and the like , which are sold by Apothecaries and Druggists , are added to this Herbal ; and their Virtues and Uses are fully described . These four by the Author of this Practice of Physick . The General History of the Reformation of the Church written in Latin by John Sleidan , faithfully Englished . To which is added , A Continuation to the End of the Council of Trent , by E. Bohun , Esq in Folio . Pains afflicting Human Bodies : Their various differences , Causes , Parts affected , Signals of Danger or Safety ; shewing the Tendency of Chronick and Acute Diseases , for a seasonable prevention of fatal Events . With a Tract of Issues , and Setons ; by E. Maynwaring . M. D. Octavo . A New Description of Paris ; Containing a Particular Account of All the Churches , Palaces , Monasteries , Colledges , Hospitals , Libraries , Cabinets of Rarities , Academies of the Virtuosi , Paintings , Medals , Statues , and other Sculptures , Monuments , and Publick Inscriptions . With all other remarkable Matters in that Great and Famous City . Translated out of French. The Second Edition , to which is added a Map of Paris . Letters of Religion and Virtue to several Gentlemen and Ladies ; with some short Reflections on divers subjects . Pia Desideria : Or , Divine Addresses , in three parts ; 1. Sighs of the Penitent Soul. 2. Desires of the Religious Soul. 3. Extasies of the Enamour'd Soul. Illustrated with 47 Cuts . Written in Latin , by Herm. Hugo ; Englished by Edmund Arwaker , Octavo . The Art of Catechising , or the compleat Catechist , in four parts . 1. The Church Catechism resolv'd into easy Questions . 2. An Exposition of it , in a continued , full and plain Discourse . 3. The Church Catechism resolv'd into Scripture-proofs . 4. The Whole Duty of Man , reduced into Questions . Fitted for the meanest Capacities , the weakest Memories , the plainest Teachers and the most uninstructed Learners . Country Conversations : Being an account of some Discourses that happen'd in a Visit to the Country last Summer , on divers Subjects ; chiefly of the modern Comedies , of Drinking , of translated Verse , of Painting and Painters , of Poets and Poetry . Golden Remains of Sir George Freeman , Knight of the Honourable Order of the Bath : Being choice Discourses on select Subjects . The Present State of Persia ; with a faithful Account of the Manners , Religion and Government of that People . By Monsieur Sanson , a Missionary from the French King. Adorn'd with Figures . Done into English . FINIS .