A short treatise of dialling shewing, the making of all sorts of sun-dials, horizontal, erect, direct, declining, inclining, reclining; vpon any flat or plaine superficies, howsoeuer placed, with ruler and compasse onely, without any arithmeticall calculation. By Edvvard Wright.
         Arte of dialing
         Wright, Edward, 1558?-1615.
      
       
         
           1614
        
      
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         A15752
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         ESTC S111551
         99846866
         99846866
         11861
         
           
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             A short treatise of dialling shewing, the making of all sorts of sun-dials, horizontal, erect, direct, declining, inclining, reclining; vpon any flat or plaine superficies, howsoeuer placed, with ruler and compasse onely, without any arithmeticall calculation. By Edvvard Wright.
             Arte of dialing
             Wright, Edward, 1558?-1615.
          
           [52] p. : ill.
           
             Printed by Iohn Beale for William Welby,
             London :
             1614.
          
           
             Another issue, with 3 figures numbered 16-18 on a bifolium signed G1,G2, and with new prelims., of: Wright, Edward. The arte of dialing.
             Running title reads: A treatise of dialling.
             Signatures: A² B-F⁴ G² ² G² .
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Dialing -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           SHORT
           TREATISE
           OF
           DIALLING
           :
           
             SHEWING
             ,
          
           THE
           MAKING
           OF
           ALL
           sorts
           of
           Sun-dials
           ,
           Horizontal
           ,
           Erect
           ,
           
             Direct
             ,
             Declining
             ,
             Jnclining
             ,
             Reclining
             ;
             vpon
          
           any
           flat
           or
           plaine
           superficies
           ,
           how
           soeuer
           placed
           ,
           with
           ruler
           and
           compasse
           onely
           ,
           
             without
             any
             Arithmaticall
             calculation
             .
             By
          
           EDVVARD
           WRIGHT
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Iohn
             Beale
          
           for
           WILLIAM
           WELEY
           .
           1614.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           The
           Contents
           of
           this
           Booke
           .
        
         
           
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
            
             The
             making
             of
             the
             Clinatory
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
            
             The
             first
             diuision
             of
             dials
             into
             Horizontall
             ,
             erect
             inclining
             ,
             and
             reclining
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
            
             The
             second
             diuision
             of
             Dials
             into
             direct
             &
             declining
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
            
             The
             third
             diuision
             of
             Dials
             ,
             either
             agreeing
             with
             the
             plaine
             of
             the
             Meridian
             ,
             or
             disagreeing
             from
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
            
             To
             find
             the
             eleuation
             of
             the
             meridian
             line
             aboue
             the
             Horizon
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
            
             The
             describing
             of
             the
             figure
             of
             the
             dial
             first
             on
             paper
             ,
             pasteboard
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
            
             The
             making
             of
             Aequinoctial
             Dials
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               8.
               
            
             The
             finding
             of
             the
             substilar
             line
             ,
             and
             stile
             ,
             in
             grounds
             not
             Equinoctial
             direct
             ,
             aud
             Polar
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               9.
               
            
             The
             finding
             of
             the
             distance
             of
             the
             stile
             from
             the
             Meridian
             line
             in
             dials
             ,
             that
             be
             neither
             equinoctial
             nor
             polar
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               10.
               
            
             The
             finding
             of
             the
             substilar
             line
             &
             the
             distance
             of
             the
             stile
             frō
             it
             ,
             when
             the
             stile
             maketh
             a
             right
             angle
             with
             the
             merid
             ▪
             line
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               11.
               
            
             From
             which
             end
             of
             the
             Meridian
             line
             the
             eleuation
             of
             the
             stile
             is
             to
             be
             counted
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               12.
               
            
             The
             finding
             of
             the
             substilar
             line
             &
             stile
             in
             dials
             that
             be
             not
             Polar
             nor
             Equinoctial
             the
             stile
             making
             oblique
             angles
             with
             the
             Meridian
             line
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               13.
               
            
             The
             drawing
             of
             the
             line
             of
             contingence
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Equinoctial
             circle
             ,
             and
             how
             it
             must
             be
             diuided
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               14.
               
            
             The
             drawing
             of
             the
             houre
             lines
             in
             all
             dials
             that
             be
             not
             Aequinoctiall
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               15.
               
            
             What
             number
             must
             be
             set
             to
             the
             houre
             lines
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               16.
               
            
             What
             houre
             lines
             are
             to
             be
             expressed
             in
             all
             sorts
             of
             dials
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               17.
               
            
             How
             to
             translate
             the
             dial
             drawne
             on
             paper
             ,
             or
             paste-board
             vnto
             the
             dial
             ground
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 
                   line
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Errat
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Correct
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 B2
                 b
                 28
              
               
                 neither
              
               
                 nether
              
            
             
               
                 B3
                 b
                 2
              
               
                 cliniatorie
              
               
                 clinatory
              
            
             
               
                 B3
                 b
                 2
              
               
                 liue
              
               
                 line
              
            
             
               
                 B3
                 b
                 10
              
               
                 made
              
               
                 make
              
            
             
               
                 B4
                 a
                 12
              
               
                 alother
              
               
                 all
                 other
                 
              
            
             
               
                 B4
                 b
                 14
              
               
                 horozontal
              
               
                 horizontal
              
            
             
               
                 C1
                 b
                 21
              
               
                 l●aueth
              
               
                 leaneth
              
            
             
               
                 C3
                 a
                 25
              
               
                 ground
              
               
                 grounds
              
            
             
               
                 C3
                 a
                 29
              
               
                 drawe
              
               
                 drewe
              
            
             
               
                 D1
                 a
                 25
              
               
                 neather
              
               
                 nether
              
            
             
               
                 D3
                 a
                 20
              
               
                 contingency
              
               
                 contingence
              
            
             
               
                 D4
                 b
                 2
              
               
                 gen●y
              
               
                 gence
              
            
             
               
                 E1
                 a
                 8
              
               
                 u●ust
              
               
                 must
              
            
             
               
                 E1
                 b
                 23
              
               
                 night
                 from
                 thence
                 :
              
               
                 night
                 :
                 from
                 thence
              
            
             
               
                 E2
                 a
                 17
              
               
                 zersection
              
               
                 tersection
              
            
             
               
                 E2
                 b
                 4
              
               
                 continue
              
               
                 conteine
              
            
             
               
                 E3
                 a
                 8
              
               
                 as
                 the
              
               
                 in
                 the
              
            
             
               
                 E3
                 a
                 9
              
               
                 in
                 the
              
               
                 as
                 the
              
            
             
               
                 E3
                 a
                 15
              
               
                 nto
              
               
                 into
              
            
             
               
                 E3
                 b
                 12
              
               
                 on
                 the
              
               
                 one
                 on
                 the
              
            
             
               
                 E3
                 b
                 14
              
               
                 bastbord
              
               
                 pastborde
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           IT
           is
           also
           to
           be
           remembred
           that
           there
           should
           haue
           been
           numbers
           set
           to
           euery
           one
           of
           the
           figures
           ,
           or
           pictures
           of
           the
           dials
           ,
           adioined
           to
           the
           end
           of
           this
           treatise
           ,
           beginning
           at
           E4
           b
           ,
           as
           there
           is
           to
           the
           three
           last
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           the
           16.
           17.
           and
           18.
           figure
           .
           As
           in
           the
           7.
           
           Chap.
           where
           I
           shewe
           the
           making
           of
           Aequinoctial
           dials
           sect
           4.
           when
           I
           referre
           you
           to
           the
           first
           and
           second
           figure
           ,
           I
           meane
           the
           figues
           or
           pictures
           of
           the
           Aequinoctial
           dials
           in
           E4
           b.
           To
           the
           first
           of
           these
           therfore
           there
           should
           be
           set
           [
           1.
           
           
             Figure
             ,
          
           to
           the
           next
           [
           2.
           
           
             Figure
             ,
          
           and
           to
           the
           first
           of
           the
           polar
           dials
           in
           F1
           b
           ,
           there
           should
           be
           set
           [
           3.
           
           
             Figure
             ,
          
           and
           to
           the
           next
           in
           F2
           a
           [
           4
           
             Figure
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           Also
           in
           the
           18.
           figure
           the
           line
           F.
           E.
           should
           haue
           beene
           continued
           vpwards
           so
           much
           longer
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           between
           R.
           and
           E
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           end
           thereof
           being
           so
           continued
           the
           letter
           ▪
           should
           be
           set
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         A
         TREATISE
         OF
         DIALLING
      
       
         
           
             CAP.
             I.
          
           The
           making
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           .
        
         
           1
           DIals
           are
           diuersly
           made
           according
           as
           they
           are
           diuersly
           placed
           .
           Therefore
           their
           situation
           must
           first
           be
           knowne
           :
           which
           may
           be
           done
           by
           an
           instrument
           not
           vnfitly
           called
           a
           Clinatory
           .
        
         
           2
           Let
           this
           instrument
           be
           made
           iust
           foure
           square
           ,
           and
           let
           the
           thicknesse
           bee
           about
           halfe
           a
           quarter
           of
           the
           breadth
           of
           it
           ,
           vpon
           one
           side
           therof
           describe
           a
           quadrant
           ,
           whose
           two
           semidiameters
           or
           sides
           must
           be
           paralel
           to
           the
           side
           of
           the
           quadrate
           .
        
         
           3
           The
           quadrant
           must
           bee
           diuided
           into
           90.
           degrees
           ,
           with
           figures
           set
           to
           euery
           fifth
           or
           tenth
           degree
           (
           as
           the
           manner
           is
           )
           both
           forward
           and
           backward
           ,
           and
           without
           the
           peripherie
           thereof
           ,
           a
           groofe
           or
           furrowe
           must
           be
           made
           so
           deepe
           that
           
           a
           plummet
           hanging
           by
           a
           thrid
           from
           the
           Center
           of
           the
           quadrant
           may
           fall
           into
           it
           ,
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           the
           thrid
           may
           come
           close
           to
           the
           degrees
           of
           the
           quadiant
           .
        
         
           4
           Close
           within
           the
           limb
           of
           this
           quadrant
           make
           a
           great
           round
           hole
           or
           box
           ,
           for
           the
           placing
           of
           a
           magneticall
           needle
           within
           the
           same
           ,
           whose
           true
           Meridian
           line
           must
           bee
           perpendicular
           to
           one
           of
           the
           sides
           of
           the
           quadrant
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           called
           the
           North
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           quadrant
           shall
           bee
           called
           the
           East-side
           ,
           to
           the
           which
           the
           Westside
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           is
           opposite
           ,
           as
           the
           South
           side
           of
           the
           Clinatorie
           is
           opposite
           to
           the
           Northside
           of
           the
           quadrant
           :
           and
           the
           magneticall
           Meridian
           ,
           must
           bee
           drawne
           in
           the
           bottome
           of
           the
           box
           according
           to
           the
           variation
           of
           the
           place
           where
           you
           are
           .
        
         
           
             The
             figure
             of
             the
             Clinatory
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CAP.
             II.
          
           The
           first
           diuision
           of
           Dials
           into
           Horizontall
           ,
           erect
           inclining
           ,
           and
           reclining
           .
        
         
           EVery
           flat
           whereupon
           a
           Diall
           is
           to
           bee
           
           made
           (
           which
           is
           also
           called
           the
           Diall
           ground
           )
           either
           lieth
           leuel
           with
           the
           horizon
           ,
           or
           els
           is
           eleuated
           the
           one
           side
           higher
           then
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           2
           The
           first
           kinde
           is
           thus
           known
           :
           Take
           the
           
           Clinatorie
           and
           hold
           it
           so
           that
           the
           plummet
           fall
           vpon
           on
           of
           the
           Semidiameters
           ,
           or
           sides
           of
           the
           Quadrant
           :
           then
           if
           the
           nether
           side
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           ,
           which
           way
           so
           euer
           you
           turne
           the
           instrument
           ,
           will
           touch
           the
           flat
           ,
           it
           lieth
           leuel
           with
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           and
           Dials
           made
           vpon
           such
           flats
           ,
           are
           called
           Horizontal
           Dials
           .
        
         
           3
           Those
           flats
           which
           are
           eleuated
           the
           one
           
           side
           higher
           then
           the
           other
           ,
           stand
           either
           vpright
           (
           which
           are
           called
           erect
           )
           or
           else
           ,
           they
           stand
           leaning
           :
           if
           they
           leane
           to
           you
           ward
           ,
           when
           you
           stand
           right
           against
           them
           ,
           they
           are
           called
           inclining
           :
           otherwise
           reclining
           ,
           if
           they
           leane
           from
           you
           ward
           .
        
         
           4
           All
           these
           flats
           are
           thus
           knowne
           :
           Holding
           the
           Clinatory
           as
           before
           ;
           if
           either
           the
           right
           ,
           or
           the
           left
           side
           thereof
           (
           whereto
           the
           plumbline
           is
           aequidistant
           )
           will
           touch
           and
           lie
           close
           to
           the
           flat
           ,
           it
           is
           erect
           :
           but
           if
           either
           of
           the
           neither
           corners
           onely
           touch
           it
           ,
           it
           is
           reclining
           :
           if
           either
           of
           
           the
           vpper
           corners
           onely
           touch
           it
           ,
           it
           is
           inclining
           .
        
         
           5
           And
           how
           much
           the
           reclination
           or
           inclination
           is
           ,
           you
           shall
           know
           after
           this
           manner
           .
        
         
           6
           Set
           one
           of
           the
           sides
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           to
           the
           
           flat
           ,
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           that
           the
           plumbline
           hanging
           at
           liberty
           ,
           may
           fall
           vpon
           the
           circumference
           of
           the
           quadrant
           :
           for
           then
           the
           arke
           of
           the
           quadrant
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           plumbline
           and
           that
           side
           of
           the
           quadrant
           that
           is
           parallell
           ,
           or
           aequidistant
           to
           the
           slatte
           ,
           is
           the
           reclination
           thereof
           ,
           if
           the
           center
           of
           the
           quadrant
           be
           from
           the
           flat
           ,
           or
           else
           the
           inclination
           ,
           if
           it
           bee
           towards
           the
           same
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CAP.
             III.
          
           The
           second
           diuision
           of
           Dials
           into
           direct
           and
           declining
           .
        
         
           ALl
           flats
           are
           either
           direct
           ,
           or
           declining
           .
        
         
           2
           All
           flats
           lying
           leuel
           with
           the
           Horizon
           are
           direct
           .
        
         
           3
           But
           if
           the
           flat
           lie
           not
           leuel
           with
           the
           Horizon
           :
           you
           shall
           thus
           know
           whether
           it
           be
           direct
           or
           declining
           .
           First
           ,
           draw
           therein
           a
           line
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           after
           this
           manner
           :
           holde
           the
           Clinatory
           to
           the
           flat
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           that
           the
           plumbline
           may
           fall
           vpon
           one
           of
           the
           sides
           of
           the
           quadrant
           ;
           then
           draw
           a
           line
           by
           the
           nether
           side
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           in
           recliners
           ;
           or
           by
           the
           vpper
           side
           in
           incliners
           ,
           or
           by
           either
           of
           those
           sides
           in
           erect
           flats
           ,
           for
           that
           line
           shall
           be
           parallel
           or
           aequidistant
           to
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           and
           may
           
           be
           called
           the
           Horizontall
           line
           .
           Set
           the
           North
           side
           of
           the
           Cliniatorie
           to
           this
           liue
           ,
           if
           the
           North
           end
           of
           the
           needle
           looke
           towards
           the
           flat
           :
           then
           if
           the
           Magnetical
           Meridian
           be
           right
           vnder
           the
           needle
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           direct
           flat
           :
           but
           if
           it
           differ
           from
           it
           ,
           it
           is
           declining
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           much
           as
           that
           difference
           is
           ,
           and
           that
           way
           which
           the
           North
           end
           of
           the
           needle
           declineth
           from
           the
           Northend
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           in
           the
           clinatory
           .
        
         
           4
           If
           the
           Southend
           of
           the
           needle
           looke
           towards
           the
           flat
           ,
           made
           your
           account
           contrary
           wise
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
          
           The
           third
           diuision
           of
           Dials
           ,
           either
           agreeing
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           Meridian
           ,
           or
           disagreeing
           from
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           ALl
           flats
           doe
           either
           agree
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           Meridian
           circle
           (
           which
           may
           therefore
           bee
           called
           meridian
           flats
           )
           or
           else
           they
           disagree
           from
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           2
           They
           are
           knowne
           thus
           :
           If
           the
           flat
           bee
           erect
           and
           declining
           90.
           degrees
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           Meridian
           flat
           ,
           otherwise
           it
           is
           no
           Meridian
           flat
           ;
           and
           then
           you
           must
           first
           draw
           therin
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           after
           this
           maner
           .
        
         
           3
           If
           the
           flat
           be
           Horizontal
           ,
           take
           the
           clinatory
           
           and
           lay
           it
           flat
           downe
           thereupon
           ;
           and
           turning
           it
           about
           till
           the
           needle
           hang
           precisely
           ouer
           the
           Magneticall
           meridian
           ,
           by
           that
           side
           thereof
           that
           is
           parallel
           to
           the
           true
           Meridian
           line
           of
           the
           Clinatory
           ,
           drawe
           a
           right
           line
           ,
           for
           that
           shal
           be
           the
           Meridian
           line
           desired
           .
        
         
           4
           In
           erect
           flats
           the
           Meridian
           line
           is
           perpendicular
           ,
           and
           therefore
           laying
           the
           Clinatory
           close
           to
           
           such
           a
           flat
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           the
           plumbline
           hang
           precisely
           
           on
           either
           side
           of
           the
           quadrant
           ,
           a
           line
           drawne
           by
           the
           side
           of
           the
           clinatory
           ,
           parallel
           to
           that
           side
           of
           the
           quadrant
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           5
           In
           direct
           flats
           ,
           a
           line
           perpendicular
           to
           the
           line
           
           aequidistant
           from
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           is
           the
           Meridian
           line
           we
           seeke
           for
           .
        
         
           6
           In
           flats
           reclining
           or
           inclining
           ,
           declining
           also
           
           90.
           degrees
           (
           which
           are
           commonly
           called
           ,
           East
           ,
           or
           West
           reclining
           or
           inclining
           )
           the
           meridian
           line
           is
           parallel
           to
           the
           horizon
           .
        
         
         
           7
           For
           alother
           
           inclining
           or
           reclining
           ,
           &
           withall
           declining
           flats
           ,
           drawe
           a
           line
           vpon
           some
           pastbord
           or
           paper
           which
           shall
           bee
           called
           the
           horizontal
           meridian
           AB
           .
           wherein
           settingone
           foot
           of
           your
           cōpasses
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           draw
           an
           arch
           of
           a
           circle
           ;
           &
           therin
           reckon
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           
           declination
           FC
           .
           drawing
           a
           right
           line
           BC.
           by
           the
           end
           thereof
           out
           of
           the
           center
           B.
           This
           right
           line
           you
           shall
           crosse
           squire-wise
           with
           another
           as
           AC
           .
           which
           may
           be
           called
           the
           base
           of
           inclination
           or
           reclination
           ,
           and
           must
           also
           meet
           with
           the
           horizontall
           meridian
           at
           A.
           and
           setting
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           compasses
           in
           the
           crossing
           at
           C.
           with
           the
           other
           foote
           draw
           an
           arke
           ,
           counting
           therein
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           reclination
           or
           inclination
           AG.
           drawing
           a
           right
           line
           by
           the
           end
           therof
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           foresaid
           ark
           CGD
           .
           &
           from
           A
           erect
           AD.
           perpendicular
           to
           AC
           .
           which
           may
           meet
           with
           CGD
           .
           the
           line
           of
           reclination
           or
           inclination
           at
           D.
           Also
           from
           A.
           draw
           the
           line
           AF.
           perpendicular
           to
           the
           horozontal
           meridian
           ,
           AB
           .
           in
           the
           point
           A.
           and
           equal
           to
           the
           former
           perpendicular
           AD.
           and
           from
           the
           end
           therof
           draw
           a
           line
           to
           (
           the
           center
           of
           the
           arke
           of
           declination
           )
           B.
           Then
           continuing
           foorth
           AC
           .
           to
           N.
           (
           that
           CN
           .
           be
           equall
           to
           CD
           )
           from
           N.
           you
           shall
           draw
           a
           line
           to
           B.
           which
           (
           if
           you
           haue
           wrought
           truely
           )
           must
           be
           equall
           to
           BE.
           Now
           the
           angle
           contained
           betweene
           the
           lines
           NB.
           and
           BC.
           sheweth
           how
           much
           the
           Meridian
           line
           in
           your
           Diall
           ground
           should
           be
           distant
           from
           the
           line
           which
           you
           drew
           aequidistant
           to
           the
           Horizon
           heere
           represented
           by
           BC.
           In
           this
           line
           therefore
           (
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           )
           set
           one
           foote
           of
           your
           compasses
           ,
           and
           extending
           the
           other
           that
           way
           which
           the
           Diall
           declineth
           ,
           drawe
           an
           arke
           of
           a
           circle
           ,
           vpwards
           in
           recliners
           ,
           but
           downewards
           in
           incliners
           :
           and
           therein
           count
           the
           said
           angle
           from
           the
           line
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           and
           drawe
           by
           the
           end
           thereof
           a
           line
           ,
           
           which
           shall
           bee
           the
           true
           Meridian
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           .
        
         
         
           8
           From
           
           A
           draw
           AH
           perpendicular
           to
           EB
           .
           make
           BI
           .
           equal
           to
           BH
           .
           from
           I.
           let
           IK
           be
           drawn
           perpendicular
           to
           BN
           .
           make
           CL.
           equal
           to
           CK
           and
           drawe
           a
           line
           from
           L
           to
           A.
           of
           these
           three
           lines
           AH
           .
           IK
           .
           and
           LA.
           make
           the
           triangle
           AHM.
           for
           then
           the
           angle
           AHM.
           is
           the
           angle
           which
           the
           dial
           ground
           maketh
           with
           the
           plain
           of
           the
           meridian
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
          
           To
           finde
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           aboue
           the
           Horizon
           .
        
         
           THe
           Meridian
           line
           is
           either
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           or
           else
           eleuated
           the
           one
           end
           
           higher
           then
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           2
           If
           the
           flat
           bee
           either
           horizontal
           ,
           or
           East
           ,
           or
           West
           ,
           and
           inclining
           ,
           or
           reclining
           ,
           the
           meridian
           is
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           .
        
         
           3
           In
           all
           other
           flats
           that
           disagree
           from
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           Meridian
           circle
           ,
           the
           Meridian
           line
           is
           eleuated
           the
           one
           end
           higher
           then
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           4
           This
           eleuation
           is
           either
           vpright
           ,
           as
           in
           all
           erect
           
           Dials
           not
           declining
           90.
           degrees
           ,
           or
           else
           leaning
           ,
           as
           in
           all
           inclining
           ,
           and
           reclining
           flats
           not
           declining
           90
           degrees
           ,
           which
           if
           they
           be
           direct
           ,
           is
           equall
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           reclination
           ,
           or
           inclination
           .
        
         
           5
           But
           if
           they
           decline
           ,
           then
           the
           angle
           ABE
           .
           in
           the
           former
           figure
           ,
           is
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           6
           If
           the
           meridian
           line
           bee
           not
           erect
           ,
           it
           leaueth
           either
           Northwards
           ,
           when
           the
           eleuated
           end
           thereof
           
           looketh
           towards
           the
           North
           ,
           or
           else
           Southwards
           when
           the
           eleuated
           end
           looketh
           towards
           the
           South
           .
        
         
           7
           All
           flats
           are
           either
           Polar
           (
           which
           being
           continued
           ▪
           would
           goe
           by
           the
           poles
           of
           the
           world
           )
           as
           all
           
           leaning
           flats
           ,
           wherein
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           is
           Northwards
           ,
           and
           equall
           to
           the
           poles
           eleuation
           ▪
           and
           all
           erect
           decliners
           90.
           degrees
           .
           Otherwise
           they
           are
           no
           polar
           flats
           .
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
          
           The
           describing
           of
           the
           figure
           of
           the
           Diall
           first
           on
           paper
           or
           pasteboard
           .
        
         
           NOw
           it
           shall
           bee
           best
           to
           take
           a
           sheet
           of
           paper
           ,
           or
           rather
           a
           pastebord
           ,
           that
           you
           may
           therein
           describe
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           Dial
           ,
           before
           you
           draw
           the
           Diall
           it selfe
           vpon
           his
           ground
           :
           that
           is
           ,
           vpon
           the
           Truncke
           ,
           Stone
           ,
           wall
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           2
           This
           paper
           ,
           or
           pasteboord
           therefore
           ,
           you
           shall
           place
           ,
           or
           vnderstand
           to
           be
           placed
           so
           as
           your
           Dial
           ground
           is
           or
           must
           be
           placed
           ,
           and
           therein
           write
           the
           names
           of
           the
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           as
           they
           lie
           in
           respect
           of
           your
           Dial
           ground
           ,
           as
           East
           ,
           West
           ,
           North
           ,
           South
           ,
           Zenith
           ,
           Nadir
           ,
           vpper
           part
           ,
           nether
           part
           ,
           &c.
           which
           you
           may
           do
           by
           helpe
           of
           the
           magnetical
           needle
           :
           for
           the
           North
           end
           thereof
           (
           hanging
           at
           liberty
           )
           sheweth
           the
           North
           ,
           whereto
           the
           South
           is
           diametrally
           opposite
           ;
           and
           your
           face
           being
           turned
           towards
           the
           North
           ,
           your
           right
           hand
           sheweth
           the
           East
           ,
           your
           left
           hand
           the
           West
           ,
           the
           Zenith
           ,
           or
           verticall
           point
           is
           aboue
           your
           head
           ,
           the
           Nadir
           vnder
           your
           feete
           .
           Note
           also
           ,
           which
           end
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           must
           be
           higher
           ,
           and
           which
           lower
           ;
           if
           the
           Meridian
           be
           not
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
          
           The
           making
           of
           Aequinoctiall
           Dials
           .
        
         
           ALl
           Diall
           grounds
           are
           aequinoctiall
           ,
           or
           not
           aequinoctiall
           .
        
         
           2
           An
           aequinoctiall
           ground
           is
           that
           which
           agreeth
           euen
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           aequinoctiall
           Circle
           :
           which
           is
           thus
           knowne
           .
           If
           the
           Diall
           ground
           be
           direct
           ,
           and
           the
           Meridian
           line
           eleuated
           Southwards
           ,
           equally
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           poles
           eleuation
           ,
           it
           is
           an
           Equinoctiall
           Diall
           ground
           ,
           otherwise
           not
           .
        
         
           3
           In
           an
           Equinoctial
           Dial
           you
           shall
           describe
           the
           houre
           lines
           after
           this
           manner
           .
        
         
           4
           Set
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           Compasses
           in
           the
           Meridian
           
           line
           AB
           .
           and
           with
           the
           other
           ,
           drawe
           a
           circle
           DBC
           .
           and
           deuide
           it
           into
           24.
           equall
           parts
           ,
           as
           D.
           E.
           F.
           G.
           &c.
           beginning
           at
           B.
           the
           crossing
           therof
           ,
           with
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ;
           for
           then
           right
           lines
           ,
           as
           AD.
           AE
           .
           AF.
           AG.
           &c.
           in
           the
           1.
           and
           2.
           figure
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           Center
           ,
           by
           those
           diuisions
           shall
           bee
           the
           houre
           lines
           .
        
         
           5
           The
           stile
           must
           stand
           vpright
           out
           of
           the
           center
           
           of
           the
           Diall
           .
        
         
           6
           Of
           Equinoctiall
           Dials
           there
           be
           two
           sorts
           ,
           the
           vpper
           and
           the
           nether
           .
        
         
           7
           The
           vpper
           Equinoctial
           Diall
           looketh
           vpwards
           
           to
           the
           eleuated
           Pole
           of
           the
           world
           :
           And
           it
           sheweth
           the
           houre
           of
           the
           day
           ,
           onely
           in
           the
           Spring
           and
           Summer
           time
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           first
           figure
           .
        
         
         
           8
           The
           nether
           ,
           or
           lower
           Equinoctial
           dial
           ,
           is
           that
           
           which
           looketh
           downewards
           to
           that
           Pole
           of
           the
           world
           which
           is
           beneath
           the
           Horizons
           and
           sheweth
           the
           houres
           onely
           in
           Autumne
           ,
           and
           Winter
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           second
           figure
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
          
           The
           finding
           of
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           stile
           ,
           in
           grounds
           not
           Equinoctiall
           direct
           ,
           and
           Polar
           .
        
         
           IN
           all
           Dial
           grounds
           that
           are
           not
           Equinoctiall
           ,
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           must
           bee
           found
           .
        
         
           2
           The
           substilar
           line
           is
           that
           right
           ouer
           which
           the
           
           stile
           must
           be
           set
           .
        
         
           3
           The
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           ,
           is
           
           the
           angle
           ,
           or
           space
           contained
           betweene
           the
           stile
           ,
           and
           the
           substilar
           line
           .
        
         
           4
           The
           finding
           out
           of
           these
           is
           diuers
           ,
           in
           diuers
           
           kinds
           ,
           and
           therefore
           must
           bee
           specially
           shewed
           in
           each
           kinde
           .
        
         
           5
           In
           direct
           Dial
           grounds
           not
           Equinoctiall
           ,
           and
           
           Polars
           not
           Meridian
           ,
           the
           substilar
           line
           is
           the
           same
           with
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           or
           else
           parallel
           thereto
           ,
           in
           declining
           polars
           .
        
         
           6
           In
           Polar
           ground
           ▪
           agreeing
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           
           the
           Meridian
           ,
           the
           substilar
           line
           may
           thus
           be
           found
           .
        
         
           7
           Set
           one
           foot
           of
           the
           compasses
           in
           the
           South-end
           of
           the
           line
           that
           you
           drawe
           equidistant
           from
           the
           Horizon
           and
           extending
           the
           other
           foot
           towards
           the
           
           North
           end
           of
           the
           same
           line
           ,
           draw
           an
           arke
           of
           a
           circle
           :
           therein
           reckon
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           Pole
           beginning
           at
           the
           foresaid
           line
           :
           for
           a
           right
           line
           drawne
           thereby
           out
           of
           the
           center
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           substilar
           line
           AB
           .
           figure
           .
           3.
           
        
         
           8
           In
           al
           Polar
           grounds
           draw
           a
           parallel
           CD
           .
           (
           figu
           .
           
           3.
           4.
           5.
           6.
           7.
           8.
           
           )
           to
           the
           substilar
           line
           at
           a
           conuenient
           distance
           from
           the
           same
           ;
           for
           that
           shall
           be
           the
           line
           representing
           the
           stile
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
          
           The
           finding
           of
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           in
           Dials
           that
           be
           neither
           equinoctial
           nor
           polar
           .
        
         
           IN
           all
           Dial
           grounds
           that
           be
           not
           aequinoctiall
           nor
           polar
           ,
           before
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           it
           can
           be
           found
           ,
           first
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           must
           be
           found
           after
           this
           maner
           .
        
         
           2
           If
           the
           Meridian
           line
           be
           parallel
           to
           the
           Horizon
           ,
           as
           BC.
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           is
           equal
           to
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Pole
           ,
           as
           BR
           .
        
         
           3
           But
           if
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           Meridian
           be
           either
           vpright
           ,
           as
           AG.
           or
           leaning
           towards
           the
           North
           ,
           and
           withall
           greater
           then
           the
           Poles
           eleuation
           ,
           as
           AH
           .
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Pole
           BR
           .
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           BH
           .
           or
           BG
           .
           shal
           leaue
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           RH
           .
           or
           RG
           .
        
         
           4
           If
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           Northwards
           ,
           and
           lesse
           then
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Pole
           ,
           as
           BI
           .
           
           take
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           BI
           .
           out
           of
           the
           height
           of
           the
           pole
           BR
           .
           and
           there
           shall
           remaine
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           RI.
           
        
         
         
           5
           If
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           be
           Southwards
           ,
           and
           either
           greater
           ,
           or
           equal
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Poles
           eleuation
           ,
           as
           AF.
           and
           AE
           .
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Meridian
           lines
           eleuation
           ,
           FG.
           or
           EG
           .
           added
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Poles
           eleuation
           GR.
           shall
           make
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           6
           If
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           Southward
           and
           lesse
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           poles
           eleuation
           
           as
           CD
           .
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           CD
           and
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Pole
           C●
           .
           put
           together
           shall
           make
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             X.
          
           The
           finding
           of
           the
           substilar
           line
           and
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           it
           ,
           when
           the
           stile
           maketh
           a
           right
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           SEcondly
           ,
           in
           a
           ground
           not
           Equinoctial
           nor
           Polar
           we
           must
           consider
           whether
           the
           stile
           make
           a
           right
           angle
           ,
           or
           an
           oblique
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           2
           The
           stile
           shall
           make
           a
           right
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           if
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           Southwards
           and
           equall
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Poles
           eleuation
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           9.
           10.
           11.
           and
           12.
           figure
           Herein
           a
           right
           line
           drawne
           squirewise
           ouerthwart
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           towards
           that
           part
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           which
           is
           opposite
           to
           that
           whereto
           the
           dial
           ground
           declineth
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           as
           BA
           .
           in
           the
           9.
           10.
           11.
           and
           12.
           figu
           .
           and
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           shal
           bee
           equall
           to
           the
           angle
           which
           the
           dial
           ground
           maketh
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           meridian
           circle
           as
           the
           angle
           BAD
           .
           fig.
           9.
           10.
           11.
           12.
           which
           angle
           is
           found
           by
           the
           third
           Chap.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             XI
             .
          
           From
           which
           end
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           to
           be
           counted
           .
        
         
           IF
           the
           stile
           make
           an
           oblique
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           we
           must
           first
           finde
           out
           from
           whether
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           must
           be
           reckoned
           ,
           thus
           :
        
         
           2
           If
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           parallel
           to
           the
           horizon
           as
           in
           the
           13.
           figure
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           shal
           be
           reckoned
           from
           the
           North
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           in
           reclining
           ,
           and
           horizontal
           flats
           looking
           vpwards
           ,
           as
           BR
           .
           from
           B
           in
           the
           former
           figure
           ,
           but
           contrariwise
           in
           incliners
           as
           PC
           .
           from
           C.
           in
           the
           same
           figure
           .
        
         
           3
           If
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           eleuated
           the
           one
           end
           higher
           then
           the
           other
           from
           the
           horizon
           ,
           and
           the
           dial
           ground
           looke
           towards
           the
           South
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           being
           also
           Northwards
           ,
           and
           lesse
           then
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           pole
           :
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           shal
           be
           counted
           from
           the
           vpper
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           :
           as
           IR.
           from
           I.
           
        
         
           4
           But
           if
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           be
           greater
           then
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           pole
           ,
           or
           vpright
           ,
           or
           southwards
           and
           greater
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           poles
           eleuation
           ;
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           shall
           bee
           counted
           from
           the
           neather
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           as
           PM
           ,
           PN
           ,
           PO
           ,
           from
           MNO
           .
        
         
           5
           If
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           be
           Southwards
           and
           lesse
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           poles
           eleuation
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           shal
           be
           counted
           
           from
           the
           vpper
           ende
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           as
           DP
           .
           from
           D.
           
        
         
           6
           If
           the
           Dial
           ground
           looke
           toward
           the
           North
           ,
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           shal
           be
           reckoned
           contrariwise
           in
           euery
           kinde
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             XII
             .
          
           The
           finding
           of
           the
           substilar
           line
           and
           stile
           in
           Dials
           that
           be
           not
           Polar
           nor
           Equinoctiall
           ,
           The
           stile
           making
           oblique
           angles
           with
           the
           Meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           HAuing
           thus
           found
           out
           from
           whether
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           to
           be
           reckoned
           ,
           set
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           compasses
           in
           the
           meridian
           line
           as
           in
           A.
           and
           stretching
           foorth
           the
           other
           foot
           towards
           that
           end
           of
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           from
           which
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           to
           bee
           reckned
           as
           towards
           L.
           draw
           an
           arch
           of
           a
           circle
           MDLN.
           and
           (
           beginning
           at
           the
           Merîdian
           line
           )
           reckon
           and
           marke
           therein
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           LD
           .
           figure
           13.
           14.
           15.
           in
           the
           rest
           LO
           .
           either
           Eastwards
           or
           Westwards
           in
           direct
           Dials
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           13.
           14.
           15.
           fig.
           but
           in
           decliners
           towards
           that
           part
           of
           the
           world
           which
           is
           opposite
           to
           the
           part
           whereunto
           the
           Dial
           declineth
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           16.
           17.
           18.
           fig.
           
        
         
           2
           Then
           in
           direct
           Dials
           ,
           a
           right
           line
           ACD
           .
           fig.
           13.
           14.
           15.
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           said
           arke
           by
           the
           marke
           of
           the
           stiles
           eleuation
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           shall
           be
           the
           line
           representing
           the
           stile
           ,
           and
           
           therefore
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           shall
           be
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           ,
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           .
        
         
           3
           But
           in
           decliners
           you
           shall
           thus
           finde
           the
           substilar
           line
           :
           From
           O
           the
           point
           of
           the
           stiles
           eleuation
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           in
           the
           foresaid
           arke
           drawe
           OP
           .
           a
           perpendicular
           to
           the
           meridian
           line
           AL.
           and
           taking
           the
           length
           of
           this
           perpendicular
           with
           your
           compasses
           ,
           leaue
           one
           foote
           in
           P.
           the
           concurse
           therof
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           other
           describe
           a
           quadrant
           of
           a
           circle
           QRO.
           beginning
           from
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           and
           so
           proceeding
           vnto
           O
           the
           other
           end
           of
           the
           perpendicular
           line
           :
           and
           in
           that
           quadrant
           beginning
           at
           the
           meridian
           ALQ.
           reckon
           and
           marke
           QR
           .
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           angle
           conteined
           betweene
           the
           plaines
           of
           the
           diall
           ground
           and
           of
           the
           meridian
           circle
           ,
           and
           take
           with
           your
           compasses
           RS.
           the
           distance
           of
           that
           marke
           from
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           and
           setting
           one
           foote
           of
           the
           compasses
           in
           P.
           the
           meeting
           of
           that
           perpendicular
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           make
           a
           prick
           T
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           perpendicular
           line
           :
           for
           then
           AB
           .
           a
           right
           line
           drawn
           by
           this
           prick
           T.
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           foresaid
           arke
           MDLN.
           shall
           bee
           the
           substilar
           line
           .
        
         
           4
           Then
           take
           with
           your
           compasses
           TR.
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           foresaid
           marke
           in
           the
           quadrant
           ,
           QRO.
           and
           this
           pricke
           ,
           and
           leauing
           one
           foote
           of
           your
           compasses
           in
           the
           same
           pricke
           T.
           with
           the
           other
           make
           another
           pricke
           V.
           in
           the
           arke
           you
           first
           described
           ;
           for
           then
           a
           right
           line
           AV.
           drawne
           thereby
           out
           of
           the
           
           arch
           you
           first
           described
           shall
           bee
           the
           stilar
           line
           ,
           or
           line
           representing
           the
           stile
           .
        
         
           5
           In
           Dials
           not
           polar
           nor
           aequinoctiall
           ,
           if
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           be
           but
           smal
           as
           in
           the
           fig.
           10.
           12.
           17.
           it
           may
           bee
           increased
           by
           drawing
           a
           paralel
           CD
           .
           to
           the
           stile
           already
           found
           ,
           
           which
           for
           distinctions
           sake
           may
           bee
           called
           ,
           the
           stile
           augmented
           .
        
      
       
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIII
             .
          
           The
           drawing
           of
           the
           line
           of
           Contingence
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Equinoctiall
           circle
           ,
           and
           how
           it
           must
           be
           diuided
           .
        
         
           NOw
           in
           all
           Dials
           that
           be
           not
           aequinoctiall
           ,
           draw
           a
           right
           line
           ,
           EHF
           .
           so
           long
           as
           you
           can
           ,
           making
           right
           angles
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           which
           is
           called
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           ,
           or
           touchline
           .
        
         
           2
           Then
           describe
           the
           Equinoctiall
           circle
           GHI
           .
           after
           this
           manner
           :
           Take
           with
           your
           compasses
           the
           shortest
           distance
           betweene
           H.
           the
           intersection
           of
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           the
           stilar
           line
           ,
           and
           leauing
           one
           foot
           in
           that
           intersection
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           make
           a
           pricke
           B.
           in
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           whereupon
           describe
           a
           circle
           GHI
           .
           which
           shall
           be
           called
           the
           equinoctiall
           circle
           .
        
         
           3
           If
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           be
           augmented
           ,
           you
           must
           draw
           two
           touch
           lines
           and
           two
           aequinoctial
           circles
           :
           as
           in
           10.
           12.
           17.
           figures
           .
        
         
           4
           The
           halfe
           of
           the
           aequinoctiall
           circle
           next
           the
           
           line
           of
           contingence
           must
           be
           deuided
           into
           12.
           equal
           parts
           ,
           beginning
           at
           H
           ,
           the
           intersection
           thereof
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           in
           all
           direct
           dials
           ,
           and
           erect
           or
           meridian
           polars
           which
           are
           commonly
           called
           East
           or
           West
           dials
           erect
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           3.
           4.
           5.
           6.
           13.
           14.
           15.
           figures
           .
        
         
           5
           In
           polars
           not
           meridian
           nor
           direct
           ,
           let
           HK
           ,
           in
           fig.
           7.
           
           &
           8.
           (
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           angle
           which
           the
           dial
           ground
           maketh
           with
           the
           plaine
           of
           the
           meridian
           )
           be
           numbred
           and
           marked
           in
           the
           aequinoctial
           circle
           ,
           beginning
           at
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           proceeding
           that
           way
           which
           the
           diall
           ground
           declineth
           as
           from
           H.
           to
           K.
           for
           at
           that
           marke
           K
           you
           must
           begin
           to
           diuide
           .
        
         
           6
           In
           decliners
           not
           polars
           ,
           if
           the
           stile
           make
           a
           right
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           9.
           10.
           11.
           12.
           figu
           .
           a
           paralel
           to
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           ,
           drawne
           by
           the
           center
           of
           the
           aequinoctiall
           ,
           shall
           shew
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           diuision
           ,
           as
           BK
           in
           figu
           .
           9.
           10.
           11.
           12.
           
        
         
           7
           But
           if
           the
           stile
           make
           an
           oblique
           angle
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           and
           the
           line
           of
           contingencye
           ,
           cut
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           16.
           figu
           .
           your
           ruler
           laid
           to
           that
           cutting
           at
           X
           and
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctial
           B.
           shal
           shew
           in
           the
           peripherie
           thereof
           ,
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           diuision
           K
           if
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           be
           not
           augmented
           .
        
         
           8
           But
           if
           it
           be
           augmented
           (
           as
           in
           the
           17.
           figure
           )
           the
           shortest
           distance
           HX
           betweene
           H
           the
           intersection
           of
           the
           touch
           line
           ,
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           the
           stile
           not
           augmented
           AV
           must
           bee
           taken
           with
           the
           compasses
           ,
           and
           resting
           one
           foot
           in
           that
           intersection
           H
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           make
           a
           pricke
           Y
           in
           the
           
           substilar
           line
           ,
           towards
           B
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctiall
           ;
           by
           which
           pricke
           Y
           &
           Z
           the
           mutuall
           intersectiō
           of
           the
           next
           touch
           line
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           let
           a
           right
           line
           YZ
           be
           drawne
           ,
           for
           BK
           .
           and
           BK
           .
           paralels
           to
           it
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           cenrers
           of
           both
           the
           Equinoctials
           ,
           towards
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           at
           their
           crossings
           with
           the
           Equinoctials
           K
           &
           K
           shall
           shew
           the
           beginnings
           of
           their
           diuisions
           .
        
         
           9
           But
           if
           the
           touch
           line
           cut
           not
           the
           meridian
           line
           as
           in
           the
           figure
           18.
           let
           a
           paralel
           thereto
           XY
           bee
           drawne
           ,
           which
           may
           cut
           the
           meridian
           line
           in
           Y
           and
           take
           with
           the
           compasses
           the
           shortest
           distance
           ZA
           betwixt
           the
           intersection
           thereof
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           and
           the
           stile
           not
           augmented
           ;
           and
           leauing
           one
           foote
           in
           that
           intersection
           Z
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           make
           a
           pricke
           B
           in
           the
           substilar
           line
           towards
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctiall
           ;
           from
           this
           pricke
           drawe
           a
           right
           line
           BY
           from
           B
           to
           Y
           the
           intersection
           of
           the
           said
           paralel
           with
           the
           meridian
           line
           ;
           for
           BKA
           paralel
           to
           this
           line
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctiall
           B.
           shall
           shew
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           diuision
           K.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIIII
             .
          
           The
           drawing
           of
           the
           houre
           lines
           in
           all
           Dials
           that
           bee
           not
           Equinoctiall
           .
        
         
           HAuing
           thus
           ,
           deuided
           the
           Equinoctial
           circle
           ,
           lay
           your
           ruler
           to
           the
           center
           thereof
           B.
           and
           to
           euery
           one
           of
           those
           prickes
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           by
           which
           it
           is
           deuided
           ,
           and
           make
           marks
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           &c.
           in
           euery
           place
           where
           it
           crosseth
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           for
           then
        
         
           2
           In
           all
           polar
           Dials
           paralels
           to
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           drawne
           by
           those
           markes
           ,
           shall
           bee
           the
           houre
           lines
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           3.
           4.
           6.
           7.
           8.
           figu
           .
        
         
           3
           In
           Dials
           not
           polar
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           height
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           not
           augmented
           ,
           right
           lines
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           dial
           by
           those
           markes
           shal
           be
           the
           houre
           lines
           as
           in
           the
           9.
           11.
           13.
           14.
           15.
           16.
           18.
           figu
           .
           And
           if
           any
           of
           the
           diuisions
           of
           the
           aequinoctiall
           circle
           doe
           fall
           in
           to
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           a
           paralel
           to
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           drawne
           by
           the
           center
           of
           the
           said
           diall
           ,
           shall
           shew
           two
           opposit
           houres
           ,
           distant
           by
           the
           space
           of
           six
           houres
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           ;
           as
           for
           example
           in
           direct
           Dials
           ,
           six
           in
           the
           forenoone
           and
           six
           in
           the
           afternoone
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           13.
           14.
           15.
           figure
           .
           Also
           if
           the
           ruler
           laid
           to
           B.
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctial
           circle
           ,
           and
           some
           diuision
           thereof
           ,
           as
           V
           in
           the
           16.
           and
           18.
           figu
           .
           cannot
           crosse
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           ,
           and
           yet
           draweth
           neerer
           to
           it
           ,
           :
           draw
           BY.
           a
           right
           line
           from
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctial
           by
           that
           diuision
           ,
           and
           draw
           AF
           a
           paralel
           to
           that
           line
           ,
           
           which
           may
           crosse
           the
           substilar
           and
           line
           of
           contingency
           in
           F.
           then
           let
           HA.
           the
           other
           part
           of
           the
           substilar
           that
           is
           betweene
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           and
           the
           center
           of
           the
           dial
           A.
           be
           cut
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           the
           segments
           ,
           of
           the
           substilar
           line
           concurring
           at
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           AH
           and
           HB
           .
           may
           keepe
           the
           same
           proportion
           which
           the
           greater
           segments
           BH
           .
           and
           HA.
           haue
           ,
           which
           are
           contained
           betweene
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           and
           line
           of
           contingence
           ,
           and
           betwixt
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Equinoctiall
           and
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           .
           And
           let
           aright
           line
           BF
           .
           bee
           drawne
           by
           that
           section
           B
           and
           the
           section
           of
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           F.
           For
           AI
           a
           paralel
           to
           this
           right
           line
           drawne
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Diall
           shall
           be
           the
           houre
           line
           that
           wee
           seeke
           for
           .
        
         
           4
           In
           those
           dials
           wherein
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           is
           augmented
           ,
           right
           lines
           drawne
           by
           those
           markes
           in
           both
           lines
           of
           contingence
           which
           are
           proportionately
           distant
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           shall
           be
           the
           houre
           lines
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             XV.
          
           What
           number
           must
           be
           set
           to
           the
           houre
           lines
           .
        
         
           IN
           meridian
           Dials
           ,
           the
           substilar
           line
           is
           the
           line
           of
           the
           sixth
           houre
           :
           but
           for
           the
           rest
           ,
           we
           must
           consider
           whether
           it
           be
           an
           oriental
           or
           an
           occidental
           dial
           .
        
         
           2
           An
           oriental
           Dial
           looketh
           to
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           the
           forenoone
           houres
           onely
           must
           bee
           set
           in
           this
           Dial
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           substilar
           line
           sheweth
           six
           of
           the
           clocke
           in
           the
           morning
           ;
           from
           which
           towards
           the
           South
           are
           the
           morning
           houres
           before
           sixe
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           5.
           4.
           3.
           
           &c.
           but
           towards
           the
           North
           after
           six
           ,
           7.
           8.
           9.
           10.
           11.
           as
           in
           the
           3
           figure
           .
        
         
           3
           An
           occidental
           Dial
           looketh
           directly
           Westwards
           :
           and
           onely
           the
           houres
           after
           noone
           can
           bee
           set
           into
           this
           dial
           .
           Therfore
           the
           substilar
           line
           sheweth
           the
           sixt
           houre
           after
           noone
           :
           from
           which
           toward
           the
           North
           are
           the
           houres
           before
           six
           in
           this
           order
           .
           5.
           4.
           3.
           2.
           1.
           but
           towards
           the
           South
           after
           six
           thus
           .
           7.
           8.
           9.
           
           &c.
           as
           in
           the
           4.
           figure
           .
        
         
           4
           In
           Dials
           not
           Meridian
           ,
           if
           a
           ruler
           laid
           to
           the
           center
           of
           the
           aequinoctial
           and
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           diuision
           thereof
           doe
           crosse
           the
           touchline
           ;
           then
           the
           houre
           line
           drawne
           by
           that
           crossing
           is
           the
           line
           of
           twelue
           a
           clocke
           .
           But
           if
           it
           cannot
           crosse
           the
           touch
           line
           ,
           imagine
           notwithstanding
           ,
           that
           crossing
           and
           the
           twelue
           a
           clocke
           line
           ,
           drawne
           thereby
           without
           the
           bounds
           of
           your
           Dial
           ,
           whereabouts
           you
           thinke
           it
           would
           bee
           ,
           if
           the
           ruler
           and
           touch
           line
           were
           
           continued
           foorth
           long
           inough
           .
        
         
           5
           Then
           in
           al
           Dials
           not
           meridian
           ,
           imagine
           the
           stile
           to
           be
           fastned
           in
           his
           place
           ,
           in
           aequinoctial
           Dials
           perpendicularly
           erected
           out
           of
           the
           Center
           .
           In
           Dials
           that
           be
           not
           Equinoctial
           ,
           conceiue
           it
           to
           be
           placed
           exactly
           ouer
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           so
           much
           raised
           from
           the
           same
           as
           the
           stilar
           line
           in
           your
           paper
           or
           pastbord
           ,
           is
           distant
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           .
        
         
           6
           After
           this
           ,
           place
           your
           paper
           or
           pastebord
           (
           wheron
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           Dial
           is
           described
           )
           in
           the
           same
           site
           or
           position
           that
           the
           dial
           ground
           is
           ,
           or
           must
           be
           placed
           ▪
           so
           that
           the
           quarters
           of
           the
           world
           written
           thereupon
           ,
           may
           answer
           in
           like
           position
           to
           the
           quarters
           of
           the
           world
           as
           they
           lie
           in
           respect
           of
           your
           dial
           ground
           :
           for
           then
           if
           the
           12.
           a
           clocke
           line
           be
           towards
           the
           North
           ,
           from
           the
           stile
           it
           is
           the
           line
           of
           the
           12.
           houre
           of
           the
           day
           .
           From
           hence
           therefore
           towards
           the
           West
           are
           the
           forenoone
           houres
           ,
           11.
           10.
           9.
           8.
           7.
           
           &c.
           and
           toward
           the
           East
           ,
           the
           afternoone
           houres
           ,
           1.
           2.
           3.
           4.
           5.
           6.
           
           &c.
           
        
         
           7
           But
           if
           the
           12.
           a
           clocke
           line
           bee
           Southward
           from
           the
           stile
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           line
           of
           the
           twelfth
           houre
           in
           the
           night
           from
           thence
           :
           therefore
           on
           both
           sides
           are
           the
           night
           houres
           :
           toward
           the
           West
           ,
           after
           midnight
           ,
           1.
           2.
           3.
           4.
           
           &c.
           towards
           the
           East
           before
           midnight
           ,
           11.
           10.
           9.
           8.
           
           &c.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVI
             .
          
           What
           houre
           lines
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           Dials
           .
        
         
           IN
           al
           Dials
           ,
           those
           houre
           lines
           onely
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           ,
           vpon
           which
           the
           shadow
           of
           the
           stile
           shal
           fall
           .
           Therefore
           the
           houres
           of
           the
           day
           onely
           are
           to
           bee
           expressed
           .
        
         
           2
           In
           Dials
           not
           Polar
           ,
           wherein
           the
           height
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           not
           augmented
           ,
           if
           the
           stile
           point
           vpwards
           ,
           and
           the
           eleuation
           thereof
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           bee
           not
           lesse
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           sunnes
           greatest
           declination
           ,
           all
           the
           houre
           lines
           seruing
           for
           the
           longest
           day
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           therein
           .
        
         
           3
           But
           if
           the
           cleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           be
           lesse
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Sunnes
           greatest
           declination
           ,
           draw
           a
           right
           line
           out
           of
           the
           intersection
           of
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           ,
           and
           substilar
           perpendicularly
           ouerthwart
           the
           stilar
           line
           :
           and
           setting
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           compasses
           in
           the
           center
           of
           the
           dial
           ,
           and
           extending
           the
           other
           towards
           the
           other
           end
           of
           the
           stilar
           line
           ,
           draw
           an
           arke
           there
           from
           equal
           to
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Sunnes
           greatest
           declination
           :
           and
           thereby
           draw
           a
           line
           out
           of
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           ,
           and
           setting
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           compasses
           inthe
           intersection
           of
           this
           line
           with
           the
           foresaid
           perpendicular
           ,
           extend
           the
           other
           foot
           to
           the
           stilar
           line
           :
           Then
           keeping
           this
           distance
           ,
           set
           one
           foote
           of
           your
           compasses
           in
           the
           center
           of
           the
           aequinoctial
           circle
           and
           with
           the
           other
           crosse
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           
           on
           both
           sides
           the
           substilar
           :
           now
           if
           you
           lay
           your
           ruler
           to
           these
           crosses
           and
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           :
           right
           lines
           drawne
           thereby
           beyond
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           shal
           continue
           betweene
           them
           the
           space
           wherein
           no
           houre
           lines
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           .
        
         
           4
           This
           rule
           holdeth
           also
           in
           meridional
           Dials
           inclining
           ,
           when
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           is
           counted
           from
           the
           vpper
           end
           of
           the
           Meridian
           line
           ,
           and
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           is
           lesse
           then
           the
           complement
           of
           the
           Sunnes
           greatest
           declination
           .
        
         
           5
           If
           the
           stile
           point
           downwards
           ,
           no
           houre
           lines
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           aboue
           a
           line
           parallel
           to
           the
           horizon
           drawne
           by
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial.
           
        
         
           6
           And
           if
           the
           crosse
           in
           the
           line
           of
           contingence
           (
           made
           as
           before
           was
           shewed
           )
           be
           aboue
           the
           line
           aequidistant
           to
           the
           horizon
           ,
           drawne
           by
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           ;
           no
           houre
           lines
           are
           to
           be
           expressed
           aboue
           a
           right
           line
           drawne
           from
           the
           crosse
           and
           continued
           beyond
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial.
           
        
         
           7
           If
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Dial
           whereupon
           the
           shadow
           of
           the
           stile
           may
           fal
           ,
           bee
           void
           of
           houre
           lines
           :
           let
           the
           houre
           lines
           before
           described
           bee
           continued
           foorth
           into
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Dial
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           13
           and
           15
           figure
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVII
             .
          
           How
           to
           translate
           the
           Diall
           drawne
           on
           paper
           or
           paste-board
           vnto
           the
           Dial
           ground
           .
        
         
           THe
           figure
           of
           your
           Dial
           being
           thus
           described
           ,
           you
           shall
           translate
           the
           same
           into
           the
           Dial
           ground
           ,
           after
           this
           manner
           .
        
         
           2
           Place
           the
           paper
           or
           pastebord
           whereas
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           dial
           is
           described
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           is
           placed
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           quarters
           of
           the
           world
           written
           on
           the
           paper
           or
           pastebord
           may
           answer
           in
           like
           position
           to
           the
           quarters
           of
           the
           world
           as
           they
           lye
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Dial
           ground
           .
        
         
           3
           Then
           as
           the
           houre
           lines
           and
           substilar
           line
           are
           described
           in
           your
           pastebord
           ,
           so
           in
           like
           manner
           ,
           and
           in
           like
           position
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           inscribed
           nto
           your
           Dial
           ground
           that
           so
           little
           part
           of
           the
           ground
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           be
           left
           voide
           of
           houre
           lines
           seruing
           for
           vse
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           spaces
           on
           both
           sides
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           drawne
           on
           the
           Dial
           ground
           bee
           proportionable
           to
           the
           number
           of
           houre
           lines
           that
           are
           to
           bee
           expressed
           in
           the
           Dial.
           
        
         
           4
           In
           Polar
           dials
           draw
           a
           right
           line
           squire-wise
           ouerthwart
           the
           substilar
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           ;
           then
           take
           with
           your
           compasses
           the
           distances
           of
           the
           houre
           lines
           from
           the
           substilar
           in
           the
           pastebord
           ,
           and
           set
           them
           into
           that
           line
           drawne
           squire-wise
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           ,
           setting
           alwaies
           on
           foot
           in
           the
           intersection
           thereof
           with
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           other
           foote
           making
           pricks
           in
           the
           said
           line
           drawne
           squire-wise
           :
           
           And
           let
           paralels
           to
           the
           substiar
           line
           be
           drawn
           by
           those
           prickes
           ,
           for
           they
           shall
           bee
           the
           houre
           lines
           we
           seeke
           for
           ,
           set
           into
           the
           dial
           ground
           .
        
         
           5
           The
           stile
           must
           be
           paralel
           to
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           placed
           directly
           ouer
           it
           ,
           so
           much
           distant
           from
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           the
           stilar
           line
           is
           distant
           from
           the
           substilar
           in
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           Dial
           drawne
           on
           the
           pastbord
           or
           paper
           .
        
         
           6
           In
           Dials
           that
           be
           not
           polars
           ,
           wherein
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           is
           not
           augmented
           ,
           describe
           two
           peripheries
           of
           equal
           bignesse
           on
           the
           Dial
           ground
           ,
           the
           center
           thereof
           being
           placed
           in
           the
           meridian
           line
           ,
           the
           other
           vpon
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Dial
           in
           the
           bastbord
           :
           then
           in
           this
           peripherie
           take
           the
           distances
           of
           the
           substilar
           and
           the
           houre
           lines
           from
           the
           Meridian
           with
           your
           compasses
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           Dial
           in
           the
           paper
           or
           pastbord
           ,
           &
           set
           those
           distāces
           likewise
           into
           the
           dial
           grounds
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           draw
           the
           houre
           lines
           and
           the
           substilar
           from
           the
           center
           of
           the
           dial
           .
        
         
           7
           The
           stile
           must
           bee
           fastned
           in
           the
           center
           ,
           and
           must
           hang
           directly
           ouer
           the
           substilar
           ,
           eleuated
           so
           much
           from
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           the
           stilar
           line
           in
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           dial
           is
           distant
           from
           the
           substilar
           .
        
         
           8
           But
           in
           Dials
           that
           be
           not
           polars
           ,
           wherein
           the
           eleuation
           of
           the
           stile
           from
           the
           substilar
           is
           augmented
           ,
           let
           the
           substilar
           line
           bee
           described
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           so
           much
           distant
           from
           the
           Meridian
           ,
           which
           you
           first
           described
           therein
           ,
           as
           the
           substilar
           is
           distāt
           from
           the
           Meridian
           in
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           dial
           .
           And
           let
           two
           lines
           of
           contingence
           be
           drawne
           squire-wise
           
           ouerth
           wart
           that
           substilar
           in
           the
           Dial
           ground
           ,
           so
           much
           distant
           each
           from
           other
           ,
           as
           the
           lines
           of
           contingence
           in
           the
           paper
           are
           .
           And
           let
           the
           distances
           of
           the
           houre
           lines
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           bee
           taken
           in
           both
           lines
           of
           contingence
           in
           the
           figure
           of
           the
           dial
           ,
           and
           be
           set
           in
           like
           manner
           in
           to
           the
           lines
           of
           contingence
           ,
           answering
           to
           them
           in
           the
           Diall
           ground
           ,
           setting
           one
           foot
           of
           your
           compasses
           alwaies
           in
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           the
           Diall
           ground
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           other
           making
           markes
           in
           the
           lines
           of
           contingence
           drawne
           therein
           :
           for
           then
           right
           lines
           drawne
           by
           those
           markes
           ,
           differing
           alike
           from
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           shall
           bee
           the
           houre
           lines
           .
           The
           stile
           must
           hang
           perpendicularly
           ouer
           the
           substilar
           line
           ,
           so
           much
           distant
           from
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           sections
           thereof
           with
           the
           lines
           of
           contingence
           ,
           as
           the
           stile
           augmented
           in
           the
           figure
           of
           your
           Diall
           is
           distant
           from
           the
           substilar
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 Equinoctiall
                 Dials
                 .
              
               North
               direct
               reclining
               51.
               degrees
               ,
               ●0
               .
               minutes
               ,
               or
               the
               vpper
               Equinoctiall
               Diall
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               South
               direct
               ,
               inclining
               51.
               degrees
               ,
               30.
               minutes
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               The
               manner
               of
               finding
               the
               substilar
               line
               in
               Meridian
               
                 Polar
                 Dials
                 .
              
            
             
               This
               example
               serueth
               for
               the
               Oriental
               dial
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               Meridian
               Polar
               dials
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
        
         
         
           
             
               A
               South
               direct
               dial
               reclining
               38
               degrees
               30.
               minutes
               ,
               
                 or
                 a
                 South
                 direct
                 polar
                 dial
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               A
               North
               direct
               dial
               inclining
               38
               degrees
               30.
               minutes
               ,
               
                 or
                 a
                 North
                 direct
                 polar
                 dial
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               South
               declining
               Eastward
               27.
               degrees
               ,
               reclining
               34.
               
                 degrees
              
               40.
               
                 minutes
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               North
               declining
               Westward
               36
               degrees
               inclining
               32.
               
                 degrees
              
               15
               
                 minutes
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               North
               declining
               Eastward
               43.
               degrees
               reclining
               42.
               
                 degrees
              
               20.
               
                 minutes
                 wherein
                 the
                 stile
                 and
                 meridian
                 line
                 make
                 right
                 angles
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               North
               declining
               84.
               degrees
               westward
               ,
               reclining
               7
               degrees
               20
               minutes
               ,
               the
               stile
               pendicular
               to
               the
               Meridian
               line
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               South
               declining
               Eastward
               31
               degrees
               ,
               inclining
               48
               degrees
               .
               ●0
               min.
               the
               stile
               perpendicular
               to
               the
               meridian
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               South
               declining
               Westward
               86
               ▪
               degrees
               40.
               min.
               
                 inclining
              
               4.
               
                 degrees
                 stile
                 perpendicular
                 to
                 the
                 meridian
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               In
               all
               the
               figures
               following
               ,
               the
               stile
               maketh
               a
               sharpe
               angle
               with
               the
               meridian
               :
               a
               direct
               dial
               lying
               leuel
               with
               the
               Horizon
               ,
               commonly
               called
               an
               Horizontal
               dial
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               A
               South
               dial
               erect
               direct
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               A
               North
               Dial
               erect
               ,
               direct
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               A
               South
               dial
               erect
               declining
               Eastward
               30.
               degr
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               A
               South
               erect
               dial
               declining
               westward
               80.
               degr
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               North
               declining
               westward
               41.
               de
               .
               40.
               min.
               reclin
               .
               4●
               .
               de
               .
               30.
               min.
               
            
          
        
         
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A15752-e450
           
             Also
             in
             the
             Diagramme
             placed
             there
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             leafe
             following
             ,
             let
             K
             &
             ●
             be
             chāged
             each
             into
             others
             place
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e1580
           
             The
             Dial
             ground
             .
          
           
             Horizontal
             flats
             :
             and
             how
             they
             are
             known
             .
          
           
             Eleuated
             flats
             ;
             Erect
             ,
             Inclining
             Reclining
             :
             and
             how
             they
             are
             to
             be
             known
             
          
           
             To
             know
             how
             much
             the
             reclination
             or
             inclination
             is
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e1780
           
             How
             to
             drawe
             the
             Meridian
             line
             ,
             in
             Horizontall
             flats
             .
          
           
             In
             erect
             flats
             .
          
           
             In
             direct
             flats
             .
          
           
             In
             reclining
             or
             inclining
             flats
             ,
             declining
             90.
             degrees
             .
          
           
             In
             incl●ning
             or
             reclining
             flats
             declining
             lesse
             then
             90.
             degrees
             .
          
           
             To
             finde
             the
             angle
             which
             the
             dial
             ground
             (
             or
             flat
             )
             maketh
             with
             the
             plaine
             of
             the
             meridian
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e1970
           
             How
             to
             finde
             the
             eleuation
             of
             the
             meridian
             line
             .
          
           
             The
             eleuation
             of
             the
             meridian
             line
             in
             erect
             dials
             .
             In
             reclining
             or
             inclining
             direct
             flats
             ;
             in
             reclining
             or
             inclining
             declining
             flats
             .
          
           
             The
             eleuation
             of
             the
             meridian
             whether
             North
             or
             South
             .
          
           
             Flats
             polar
             .
          
           
             Not
             polar
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e2170
           
             How
             to
             make
             Equinoctial
             Dials
             .
          
           
             Placing
             of
             the
             stile
             .
          
           
             Vpper
             Equinoctial
             dial
             .
          
           
             Neather
             Equinoctial
             dial
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e2320
           
             Substilar
             line
             .
          
           
             Distance
             of
             the
             stile
             from
             the
             substilar
             .
          
           
             The
             finding
             of
             the
             substilar
             line
             .
          
           
             In
             direct
             flats
             not
             aquinoctial
             In
             Polars
             not
             Meridian
             .
          
           
             In
             Meridian
             Polars
             .
          
           
             The
             stilar
             line
             in
             all
             Polar
             Dials
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A15752-e2730
           
             The
             stile
             augmented
             .