mv: ‘./input-file.zip’ and ‘./input-file.zip’ are the same file Creating study carrel named subject-darwinCharlesOnTheOriginOfSpecies-gutenberg Initializing database Unzipping Archive: input-file.zip creating: ./tmp/input/input-file/ inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2010.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2923.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2921.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2922.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2924.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2089.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2929.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2930.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2925.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2926.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2928.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/metadata.csv caution: excluded filename not matched: *MACOSX* === DIRECTORIES: ./tmp/input === DIRECTORY: ./tmp/input/input-file === metadata file: ./tmp/input/input-file/metadata.csv === found metadata file === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named subject-darwinCharlesOnTheOriginOfSpecies-gutenberg FILE: cache/2922.txt OUTPUT: txt/2922.txt FILE: cache/2010.txt OUTPUT: txt/2010.txt FILE: cache/2929.txt OUTPUT: txt/2929.txt FILE: cache/2925.txt OUTPUT: txt/2925.txt FILE: cache/2923.txt OUTPUT: txt/2923.txt FILE: cache/2921.txt OUTPUT: txt/2921.txt FILE: cache/2930.txt OUTPUT: txt/2930.txt FILE: cache/2928.txt OUTPUT: txt/2928.txt FILE: cache/2926.txt OUTPUT: txt/2926.txt FILE: cache/2089.txt OUTPUT: txt/2089.txt FILE: cache/2924.txt OUTPUT: txt/2924.txt === file2bib.sh === id: 2928 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: Time and Life: Mr. Darwin's "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2928.txt cache: ./cache/2928.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2928.txt' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/file2bib.py", line 107, in text = textacy.preprocessing.normalize.normalize_quotation_marks( text ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/preprocessing/normalize.py", line 32, in normalize_quotation_marks return text.translate(QUOTE_TRANSLATION_TABLE) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'translate' 2928 txt/../pos/2928.pos 2928 txt/../ent/2928.ent 2928 txt/../wrd/2928.wrd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/txt2keywords.py", line 54, in for keyword, score in ( yake( doc, ngrams=NGRAMS, topn=TOPN ) ) : File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 96, in yake word_scores = _compute_word_scores(doc, word_occ_vals, word_freqs, stop_words) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 205, in _compute_word_scores freq_baseline = statistics.mean(freqs_nsw) + statistics.stdev(freqs_nsw) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/statistics.py", line 315, in mean raise StatisticsError('mean requires at least one data point') statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point 2921 txt/../pos/2921.pos 2930 txt/../pos/2930.pos 2922 txt/../pos/2922.pos 2922 txt/../wrd/2922.wrd 2925 txt/../ent/2925.ent 2930 txt/../wrd/2930.wrd 2924 txt/../wrd/2924.wrd 2926 txt/../pos/2926.pos 2926 txt/../wrd/2926.wrd 2921 txt/../wrd/2921.wrd 2089 txt/../pos/2089.pos 2922 txt/../ent/2922.ent 2925 txt/../pos/2925.pos 2924 txt/../pos/2924.pos 2925 txt/../wrd/2925.wrd 2921 txt/../ent/2921.ent 2924 txt/../ent/2924.ent 2923 txt/../pos/2923.pos 2926 txt/../ent/2926.ent 2923 txt/../ent/2923.ent 2923 txt/../wrd/2923.wrd 2930 txt/../ent/2930.ent 2089 txt/../wrd/2089.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 2926 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin's Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2926.txt cache: ./cache/2926.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2926.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 2924 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Perpetuation of Living Beings, Hereditary Transmission and Variation Lecture IV. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2924.txt cache: ./cache/2924.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2924.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 2922 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Past Condition of Organic Nature Lecture II. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2922.txt cache: ./cache/2922.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2922.txt' 2089 txt/../ent/2089.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 2930 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From 'The Natural History Review', 1864 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2930.txt cache: ./cache/2930.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2930.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 2925 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Conditions of Existence as Affecting the Perpetuation of Living Beings Lecture V. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2925.txt cache: ./cache/2925.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2925.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 2921 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2921.txt cache: ./cache/2921.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2921.txt' 2929 txt/../pos/2929.pos 2929 txt/../ent/2929.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 2923 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2923.txt cache: ./cache/2923.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'2923.txt' 2929 txt/../wrd/2929.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 2089 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: On the Reception of the 'Origin of Species' date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2089.txt cache: ./cache/2089.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2089.txt' 2010 txt/../pos/2010.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 2929 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Origin of Species From 'The Westminster Review', April 1860 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2929.txt cache: ./cache/2929.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'2929.txt' 2010 txt/../wrd/2010.wrd 2010 txt/../ent/2010.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 2010 author: Darwin, Charles title: The Autobiography of Charles Darwin date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2010.txt cache: ./cache/2010.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'2010.txt' Done mapping. Reducing subject-darwinCharlesOnTheOriginOfSpecies-gutenberg === reduce.pl bib === id = 2010 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Autobiography of Charles Darwin date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22822 sentences = 925 flesch = 68 summary = and attended Mr. Case's chapel, and my father as a little boy went there Once as a very little boy whilst at the day school, or before that time, insects with some little care, for when ten years old (1819) I went for Species.' At this time I admired greatly the 'Zoonomia;' but on reading interesting little discovery, and read, about the beginning of the year During these two years I also went a little into society, and acted as As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during into general society, and saw a good deal of several scientific men, and I worked steadily on this subject for the next eight years, and namely, that whenever a published fact, a new observation or thought my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement cache = ./cache/2010.txt txt = ./txt/2010.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2921 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6891 sentences = 219 flesch = 59 summary = matter; we must endeavour to look into the foundations of living Nature, be the upper part of the animal--that great mass of bones that we spoke off by all living beings, in the form of organic matters, are constantly with the plant, of the organic with the inorganic world, which is shown organic life from inorganic matters, and as constant a return of the matter of living bodies to the inorganic world; so that the materials supporting the masses of flesh and the various organs forming the living that you see, this living animal, this horse, begins its existence as to those conditions of inorganic matter in which its substance But, as you know, horses are not the only living creatures in the world; same organs that I have already shown you as forming parts of the Horse. from the inorganic world, but that the forces of that matter are all of cache = ./cache/2921.txt txt = ./txt/2921.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2089 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = On the Reception of the 'Origin of Species' date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9279 sentences = 320 flesch = 56 summary = And with respect to that theory of the origin of the forms of life biological sciences are studied, the 'Origin of Species' lights the Evolution were fabricated by Darwin; and the 'Origin of Species' has the new theory respecting the origin of species first became known to allied species, supposing for this purpose a very long period of time." species of animals and plants did originate in that way, as a condition account for the origination of all past and present species of living pithecoid origin of man involved in Lamarck's doctrine, he observes:-Lyell meant natural causation; and I see no reason to doubt (The creation and extinction of species, out of the common course of nature; present day, which has not existed from the time that philosophers the universality of natural causation assumed by the man of science. Newton's 'Principia,' is Darwin's 'Origin of Species.' cache = ./cache/2089.txt txt = ./txt/2089.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2922 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Past Condition of Organic Nature Lecture II. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6766 sentences = 209 flesch = 60 summary = multiplicity of the forms of animal life, great as that may be, may be deposits itself above it, and forms another layer, and in that way you gradually have layers of mud constantly forming and hardening one above that the different beds shall be older at any particular point or spot question--is this, the sea-bottom on which the deposit takes place is many times, it follows that the thickness of the deposits formed at any mud, and beds, or strata, are being as constantly formed, one above the of limestones in which such fossil remains of existing animals are other animals existing in the sea, the shells of which form exceedingly case, but even when animal remains have been safely imbedded, certain of these orders of animals have lived at a former period of the world's different beds through which I passed the remains of animals which I cache = ./cache/2922.txt txt = ./txt/2922.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2929 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Origin of Species From 'The Westminster Review', April 1860 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14184 sentences = 433 flesch = 50 summary = the nature of the objects to which the word "species" is applied; but it group of animals, or of plants, a species, we may imply thereby, either animals are really of different physiological species, or not, seeing many natural species are either absolutely infertile if crossed with produced in the same way, the groups are races and not species. others produced in the same way, they are true physiological species. species goes, is, that there are such things in Nature as groups of ever exhibits, when crossed with another race of the same species, those or stocks, the doctrine of the origin of species is obviously not of structural plan exhibited by large groups of species differing very The objections to the doctrine of the origin of species by special permanent races and then into new species, by the process of 'natural characters exhibited by species in Nature, has ever been originate cache = ./cache/2929.txt txt = ./txt/2929.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2923 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8412 sentences = 269 flesch = 61 summary = ORGANIC NATURE ARE TO BE DISCOVERED.--THE ORIGINATION OF LIVING BEINGS phenomena of Organic Nature, I must now turn to that which constitutes same way, the man of science replies to objections of this kind, by walk to a knowledge of the origin of organic nature, in the same way causes of the phenomena of organic nature, or, at any rate, setting out that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, second general law that you have arrived at in the same way is, that other way than by a man's hand and shoe, the marks in question have been by the natural probabilities of the case, and if you will be kind enough to four forms: one a kind of animal or plant that we know nothing about, same kind of infusion, and left one entirely exposed to the air, and cache = ./cache/2923.txt txt = ./txt/2923.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2925 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Conditions of Existence as Affecting the Perpetuation of Living Beings Lecture V. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7571 sentences = 277 flesch = 66 summary = be as different in their structure from the original stock as species There is no doubt that breeds may be made as different as species in to this in the different races known to be produced by selective in the case of distinct species; then you have, as the result of their which have been developed by selective breeding from varieties to return noticed the great differences in these breeds, that if, among any of important one--is this: Does this selective breeding occur in nature? same thing--that varieties exist in nature within the limits of species, As to the first point, of varieties existing among natural species, I animal may vary in nature; that varieties may arise in the way I have animal or a plant lives or grows; for example, the station of a fish as a matter of fact, that for every species of animal or plant there cache = ./cache/2925.txt txt = ./txt/2925.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2930 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From 'The Natural History Review', 1864 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6602 sentences = 307 flesch = 61 summary = In the course of the present year several foreign commentaries upon Mr. Darwin's great work have made their appearance. "Darwin," says Professor Kolliker, "is, in the fullest sense of the The teleological general conception adopted by Darwin is a mistaken according to general laws of Nature, and may be either useful, or Darwin's Theory will do for the organic world. conditions in which it is found; for the Darwinian an organism exists Kolliker's conception of Mr. Darwin's hypothesis. "If Darwin is right, it must be demonstrated that forms may be produced "The existence of general laws of Nature explains this harmony, even if explained by the "existence of general laws of Nature." Mr. Darwin endeavours to explain the exact order of organic nature which exists; influence of a general law of development, the germs of organisms which we term the "conditions of existence," is to living organisms. non-existent: and, as Darwin "imagina" natural selection, so Harvey cache = ./cache/2930.txt txt = ./txt/2930.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2926 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin's Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7010 sentences = 218 flesch = 56 summary = ORIGIN OF SPECIES," IN RELATION TO THE COMPLETE THEORY OF THE CAUSES OF objections which have been made to the 'Origin of Species.' Mr. Darwin, hypothesis, having supposed cause for the phenomena in question, we must causes of the phenomena exist in nature; that they are what the known causes are competent to produce those phenomena. the supposed cause existed in nature, because it was competent to phenomena of organic nature, past and present, result from, or are do these supposed causes of the phenomena exist in nature? fact that in nature these properties of organic matter--atavism and rock-pigeon, as the members of any great natural group have with a real if you accept Mr. Darwin's hypothesis, and see reason for believing that of organic nature which has preceded the one which now exists, presents that the structural differences between man and the lower animals are of cache = ./cache/2926.txt txt = ./txt/2926.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2924 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Perpetuation of Living Beings, Hereditary Transmission and Variation Lecture IV. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6512 sentences = 214 flesch = 61 summary = The cases of asexual perpetuation are by no means so common as the cases of sexual perpetuation; and they are by no means so common in This tendency to variation is less marked in that mode of propagation the experiment in each case, the offspring is entirely different in great extent; but this second cause of variation cannot be considered his notice of a variation in the form of a human member, in the person fingers upon each hand, and the like number of toes to each of his feet. the present, I mention only these two cases; but the extent of variation tendency to variation; the third was Andre; he had five fingers and five We have in this case a good example of nature's tendency to the let me now point out what took place in the case of Seth Wright's sheep, variation distinct from the original stock, and make them breed cache = ./cache/2924.txt txt = ./txt/2924.txt === reduce.pl bib === Building ./etc/reader.txt 2929 2010 2089 2926 2921 2930 number of items: 11 sum of words: 96,049 average size in words: 9,604 average readability score: 59 nouns: species; time; animals; man; nature; case; years; way; hypothesis; life; animal; plants; fact; work; facts; conditions; forms; kind; world; phenomena; matter; part; science; place; one; variation; course; men; question; nothing; result; number; mind; book; existence; stock; origin; subject; varieties; structure; knowledge; hand; form; views; selection; plant; parts; others; day; causes verbs: is; have; be; are; was; had; been; has; were; do; say; see; being; find; know; made; take; found; said; think; did; called; believe; known; having; does; read; living; go; give; published; produced; given; took; make; come; suppose; am; put; done; call; get; thought; shown; saw; let; become; understand; used; remember adjectives: other; same; great; many; such; first; natural; organic; little; much; good; more; scientific; different; general; whole; new; certain; common; present; long; own; few; large; several; old; distinct; true; inorganic; second; particular; single; remarkable; able; various; primitive; important; possible; physiological; ordinary; necessary; last; short; selective; curious; strong; similar; mere; structural; spontaneous adverbs: not; so; very; now; more; then; as; only; up; most; out; well; even; here; far; thus; much; all; always; also; quite; never; down; long; once; again; therefore; just; however; ever; almost; yet; perhaps; less; indeed; afterwards; often; first; together; on; there; probably; still; soon; too; really; perfectly; at; constantly; certainly pronouns: i; it; you; we; my; he; his; they; me; its; their; them; our; him; us; itself; your; himself; myself; themselves; one; her; ourselves; she; yourself; mine; oneself; je; ne; nature,--the; examined,--of; 65):-- proper nouns: darwin; mr.; origin; species; m.; lyell; nature; professor; society; lamarck; horse; de; sir; kolliker; henslow; england; cambridge; flourens; dr.; geology; america; beagle; natural; que; journal; huxley; ancon; science; shrewsbury; la; man; london; charles; wallace; south; sedgwick; maillet; geological; ass; thomas; roy; lord; hooker; evolution; edinburgh; wright; p.; maer; kelleia; gratio keywords: mr.; darwin; animal; specie; man; lyell; hypothesis; case; year; variation; time; tendency; species; society; professor; plant; origin; nature; matter; maillet; lamarck; kolliker; journal; horse; henslow; great; fig; evolution; england; deposit; cambridge; beagle; ancon; air one topic; one dimension: species file(s): ./cache/2010.txt titles(s): The Autobiography of Charles Darwin three topics; one dimension: species; years; animal file(s): ./cache/2929.txt, ./cache/2010.txt, ./cache/2923.txt titles(s): The Origin of Species From ''The Westminster Review'', April 1860 | The Autobiography of Charles Darwin | The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" five topics; three dimensions: time years man; species darwin nature; darwin species time; horse animal matter; hypothesis phenomena mr file(s): ./cache/2010.txt, ./cache/2930.txt, ./cache/2089.txt, ./cache/2921.txt, ./cache/2926.txt titles(s): The Autobiography of Charles Darwin | Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From ''The Natural History Review'', 1864 | On the Reception of the ''Origin of Species'' | The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" | A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin''s Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" Type: gutenberg title: subject-darwinCharlesOnTheOriginOfSpecies-gutenberg date: 2021-06-05 time: 12:06 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_subject:"Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882. On the origin of species" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: 2010 author: Darwin, Charles title: The Autobiography of Charles Darwin date: words: 22822.0 sentences: 925.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/2010.txt txt: ./txt/2010.txt summary: and attended Mr. Case''s chapel, and my father as a little boy went there Once as a very little boy whilst at the day school, or before that time, insects with some little care, for when ten years old (1819) I went for Species.'' At this time I admired greatly the ''Zoonomia;'' but on reading interesting little discovery, and read, about the beginning of the year During these two years I also went a little into society, and acted as As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during into general society, and saw a good deal of several scientific men, and I worked steadily on this subject for the next eight years, and namely, that whenever a published fact, a new observation or thought my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement id: 2923 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 8412.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/2923.txt txt: ./txt/2923.txt summary: ORGANIC NATURE ARE TO BE DISCOVERED.--THE ORIGINATION OF LIVING BEINGS phenomena of Organic Nature, I must now turn to that which constitutes same way, the man of science replies to objections of this kind, by walk to a knowledge of the origin of organic nature, in the same way causes of the phenomena of organic nature, or, at any rate, setting out that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, second general law that you have arrived at in the same way is, that other way than by a man''s hand and shoe, the marks in question have been by the natural probabilities of the case, and if you will be kind enough to four forms: one a kind of animal or plant that we know nothing about, same kind of infusion, and left one entirely exposed to the air, and id: 2921 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 6891.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/2921.txt txt: ./txt/2921.txt summary: matter; we must endeavour to look into the foundations of living Nature, be the upper part of the animal--that great mass of bones that we spoke off by all living beings, in the form of organic matters, are constantly with the plant, of the organic with the inorganic world, which is shown organic life from inorganic matters, and as constant a return of the matter of living bodies to the inorganic world; so that the materials supporting the masses of flesh and the various organs forming the living that you see, this living animal, this horse, begins its existence as to those conditions of inorganic matter in which its substance But, as you know, horses are not the only living creatures in the world; same organs that I have already shown you as forming parts of the Horse. from the inorganic world, but that the forces of that matter are all of id: 2922 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Past Condition of Organic Nature Lecture II. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 6766.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/2922.txt txt: ./txt/2922.txt summary: multiplicity of the forms of animal life, great as that may be, may be deposits itself above it, and forms another layer, and in that way you gradually have layers of mud constantly forming and hardening one above that the different beds shall be older at any particular point or spot question--is this, the sea-bottom on which the deposit takes place is many times, it follows that the thickness of the deposits formed at any mud, and beds, or strata, are being as constantly formed, one above the of limestones in which such fossil remains of existing animals are other animals existing in the sea, the shells of which form exceedingly case, but even when animal remains have been safely imbedded, certain of these orders of animals have lived at a former period of the world''s different beds through which I passed the remains of animals which I id: 2924 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Perpetuation of Living Beings, Hereditary Transmission and Variation Lecture IV. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 6512.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/2924.txt txt: ./txt/2924.txt summary: The cases of asexual perpetuation are by no means so common as the cases of sexual perpetuation; and they are by no means so common in This tendency to variation is less marked in that mode of propagation the experiment in each case, the offspring is entirely different in great extent; but this second cause of variation cannot be considered his notice of a variation in the form of a human member, in the person fingers upon each hand, and the like number of toes to each of his feet. the present, I mention only these two cases; but the extent of variation tendency to variation; the third was Andre; he had five fingers and five We have in this case a good example of nature''s tendency to the let me now point out what took place in the case of Seth Wright''s sheep, variation distinct from the original stock, and make them breed id: 2089 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: On the Reception of the ''Origin of Species'' date: words: 9279.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/2089.txt txt: ./txt/2089.txt summary: And with respect to that theory of the origin of the forms of life biological sciences are studied, the ''Origin of Species'' lights the Evolution were fabricated by Darwin; and the ''Origin of Species'' has the new theory respecting the origin of species first became known to allied species, supposing for this purpose a very long period of time." species of animals and plants did originate in that way, as a condition account for the origination of all past and present species of living pithecoid origin of man involved in Lamarck''s doctrine, he observes:-Lyell meant natural causation; and I see no reason to doubt (The creation and extinction of species, out of the common course of nature; present day, which has not existed from the time that philosophers the universality of natural causation assumed by the man of science. Newton''s ''Principia,'' is Darwin''s ''Origin of Species.'' id: 2929 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Origin of Species From ''The Westminster Review'', April 1860 date: words: 14184.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/2929.txt txt: ./txt/2929.txt summary: the nature of the objects to which the word "species" is applied; but it group of animals, or of plants, a species, we may imply thereby, either animals are really of different physiological species, or not, seeing many natural species are either absolutely infertile if crossed with produced in the same way, the groups are races and not species. others produced in the same way, they are true physiological species. species goes, is, that there are such things in Nature as groups of ever exhibits, when crossed with another race of the same species, those or stocks, the doctrine of the origin of species is obviously not of structural plan exhibited by large groups of species differing very The objections to the doctrine of the origin of species by special permanent races and then into new species, by the process of ''natural characters exhibited by species in Nature, has ever been originate id: 2930 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From ''The Natural History Review'', 1864 date: words: 6602.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/2930.txt txt: ./txt/2930.txt summary: In the course of the present year several foreign commentaries upon Mr. Darwin''s great work have made their appearance. "Darwin," says Professor Kolliker, "is, in the fullest sense of the The teleological general conception adopted by Darwin is a mistaken according to general laws of Nature, and may be either useful, or Darwin''s Theory will do for the organic world. conditions in which it is found; for the Darwinian an organism exists Kolliker''s conception of Mr. Darwin''s hypothesis. "If Darwin is right, it must be demonstrated that forms may be produced "The existence of general laws of Nature explains this harmony, even if explained by the "existence of general laws of Nature." Mr. Darwin endeavours to explain the exact order of organic nature which exists; influence of a general law of development, the germs of organisms which we term the "conditions of existence," is to living organisms. non-existent: and, as Darwin "imagina" natural selection, so Harvey id: 2925 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: The Conditions of Existence as Affecting the Perpetuation of Living Beings Lecture V. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 7571.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/2925.txt txt: ./txt/2925.txt summary: be as different in their structure from the original stock as species There is no doubt that breeds may be made as different as species in to this in the different races known to be produced by selective in the case of distinct species; then you have, as the result of their which have been developed by selective breeding from varieties to return noticed the great differences in these breeds, that if, among any of important one--is this: Does this selective breeding occur in nature? same thing--that varieties exist in nature within the limits of species, As to the first point, of varieties existing among natural species, I animal may vary in nature; that varieties may arise in the way I have animal or a plant lives or grows; for example, the station of a fish as a matter of fact, that for every species of animal or plant there id: 2926 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin''s Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date: words: 7010.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/2926.txt txt: ./txt/2926.txt summary: ORIGIN OF SPECIES," IN RELATION TO THE COMPLETE THEORY OF THE CAUSES OF objections which have been made to the ''Origin of Species.'' Mr. Darwin, hypothesis, having supposed cause for the phenomena in question, we must causes of the phenomena exist in nature; that they are what the known causes are competent to produce those phenomena. the supposed cause existed in nature, because it was competent to phenomena of organic nature, past and present, result from, or are do these supposed causes of the phenomena exist in nature? fact that in nature these properties of organic matter--atavism and rock-pigeon, as the members of any great natural group have with a real if you accept Mr. Darwin''s hypothesis, and see reason for believing that of organic nature which has preceded the one which now exists, presents that the structural differences between man and the lower animals are of id: 2928 author: Huxley, Thomas Henry title: Time and Life: Mr. Darwin's "Origin of Species" date: words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: ==== make-pages.sh questions ==== make-pages.sh search ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel