The English gentleman containing sundry excellent rules or exquisite observations, tending to direction of every gentleman, of selecter ranke and qualitie; how to demeane or accommodate himselfe in the manage of publike or private affaires. By Richard Brathwait Esq. Brathwaite, Richard, 1588?-1673. 1630 Approx. 1100 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 244 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-07 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A16657 STC 3563 ESTC S104636 99840369 99840369 4869 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A16657) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 4869) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 628:02) The English gentleman containing sundry excellent rules or exquisite observations, tending to direction of every gentleman, of selecter ranke and qualitie; how to demeane or accommodate himselfe in the manage of publike or private affaires. By Richard Brathwait Esq. Brathwaite, Richard, 1588?-1673. Vaughan, Robert, engraver. [24], 456, [10], 459-487, [1] p. Printed by Iohn Haviland, and are to be sold by Robert Bostock at his shop at the signe of the Kings head in Pauls Church-yard, London : 1630. With an additional title page, engraved, signed "Ro: Vaughan fecit". The first leaf is a folding letterpress explanation of this. "Three choice characters of marriage" (p. [2], 459-487, [1] at end) has separate divisional title; register recommences at ² 3N1. Variant: lacking this section. 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Courtesy -- Early works to 1800. 2003-02 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-04 Jennifer Kietzman Sampled and proofread 2003-04 Jennifer Kietzman Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE English Gentleman : Containing Sundry excellent Rules or exquisite Observations , tending to Direction of every Gentleman , of selecter ranke and qualitie ; How to demeane or accommodate himselfe in the manage of publike or private affaires . By RICHARD BRATHWAIT Esq. SENECA in Herc. furen . — Qui genus jactat suum Aliena laudat . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Haviland , and are to be sold by ROBERT BOSTOCK at his shop at the signe of the Kings head in Pauls Church-yard . 1630. TO THE NOBLY ACCOMPLISHED , honoured , and loved ; THOMAS Viscount WENTVVORTH , Lord President of Yorke ; all correspondence to his prudent'st and prepared'st resolves . Worthyly Honoured , VErtue the greatest Signall and Symbol of Gentry : is rather expressed by goodnesse of Person , than greatnesse of Place . For , howsoever the bleere-ey'd vulgar honour , the purple more than the person , descent more than desert , title than merit : that adulterate Gentility , which degenerats from the worth of her Ancestors , derogates likewise from the birth of her Ancestors . And these be such , whose infant effeminacie , youthfull delicacie , or native libertie hath estranged them from the knowledge of morall or divine mysteries : so as , they may be well compared to the Ostrich , who ( as the Naturall Historian reports ) hath the wings of an Eagle , but never mounts : so these have the Eagle-wings of contemplation , being indued with ●he intellectuall faculties of a reasonable soule ; yet either intangled with the light chesses of vanity , or trashed with the heavie poizes of selfe-conceit and singularitie , they never mount above the verge of sensuall pleasure . But I am here to tender unto your Honours judicious view , a Gentleman , quite of another garbe : One , whose Education hath made formall enough , without apish formalitie , and conceiving enough , without selfe-admiring arrogancie . A good Christian in devout practising , no lesse than zealous professing ; yet none of the forward'st in discoursing on Religion . For hee observes ( as long experience hath brought him to be a judicious observer ) that Discourse of Religion hath so occupied the world , as it hath well-neere driven the practice thereof out of the world . He esteemes such only happy , who are of that number , whom the World accounts fooles , but God wise men . Hee understands , that whatsoever is sought besides God , may so imploy the Minde , as it may be occupied , but never satisfied . He observes the whole Fabricke of humane power , and hee concludes with the Preacher ; Ecquid tam vanum ? He notes how the Flesh becomming obedient , behaveth herselfe as a faithfull servant to the Soule : This governeth , the other is governed ; this commandeth , the other obeyeth . Finally , he summes up all his Observations with this : Hee that Sigheth not while hee is a Pilgrim , shall never rejoyce when hee is a Citizen . This is the Gentleman , whom I have presumed to recommend to your protection : and to you hee makes recourse , not so much for shelter , as honour : for his Title , it exempts him from servile bashfulnes , being an English Gentleman . Now , if any of those corkie Censurers , Qui Mercurium in lingua non in pectore gerunt , shall chance to accoast my Gentleman : I resolve me , his Education hath made him so accomplish'd at all assayes , and his conversing with the most piercing'st judgements , hath brought him to that perfection , as hee can discerne of what mould or temper these Criticks are ; concluding , voces sunt , praeterea nihil ; as is said of the Nightingall . This only resteth ; if I limme him to the life , in spite of censure , he will merit the patronage of honour : if I faile in my Art , ( as I dare not presume of my strength ) it is in your Honour to impute the fault rather to the pen than the man , whose intimate affection to your Lordship , made him erre , if he erre . Your Honours in all devotion , RICHARD BRATHVVAIT . To the knowing Reader . HE that provides not for his Family is worse than an Infidell : yet he who prefers the care of his family , before the advācement of Gods glory , may seeme to be of Cardinall Bourbons minde , who would not lose his part in Paris , for his part in Paradise , Each mans private Oeconomie ought to be a certaine Academie , wherein all sacred and morall knowledge is to be taught . For that master of a family , who only extends his care in providing how to get , making the Object of his providence gaine , will experimentally crie out , when his mouth shall be filled with gravell : O Death , how bitter is the remembrance of thee to that man , whose peace is in his substance ! To prevent which immoderate care , and that every one may cloze with Cicero : Virtute qui praediti sunt , soli sunt divites , I have proposed some especiall rules of direction , right worthy ( if my judgement doe not deceive mee ) the observation of every publike or private family : though principally tending to the making up of an Accomplish'd Gentleman . For who knowes not , ( if he know any thing ) how the Gentry of this age , through a depraved effeminacie , must be in custome with the fashion , to purchase him the title of Gentleman ? Where he is to enter cōmerce with Taylor , Haberdasher , Millener , Sempster , and sundry other appertinences of a Gentleman : which in time , worke Gentility out of love with Hospitality , engaging him so deeply to vanity , as by a strange Catastrophe , he ever ends with misery . To rectifie these obliquities , I have brought a Gentleman , who professeth the true and new Art of Gentilizing : yet not like your begging pedanticall Artist , who by a mercenary Bill pasted on some frequented gate , gives notice to the itching Passenger , that if any one be minded to learne the rare and mysterious Art of Brachygraphie , Stenographie , Logarisme , or any Art ( indeed ) whatsoever , ( though he be a meere stranger to any ) upon resort to such a Signe in such a Lane , he shall find a most illiterate Anacharsis , ready to bray his braines in a Morter to give him content . But this Gentleman , as the Science which he professeth is free , so doth he teach it freely : craving no other reward for his fruitfull Observance , than thy friendly acceptance . Vpon the Volume and Title . I Had purposed that this Worke should have beene digested into a portible Volume , to the end it might be more familiar with a Gentlemans pocket , not to picke it , but that he might picksome good f●om it : But since the Volume would not beare it , you must with patience beare with it , and with more trouble beare it : by enlarging your pocket to containe it . Now for the Title , I am not wholly ignorant , how a Subject intitled The Complete Gentleman , was heretofore published ; which ( I can assure you Gentlemen ) consorts with this rather in Title than Tenour , Name than Nature ; the proofe whereof I referre to the generous and judicious Reader . The Subjects whereof this Booke principally treateth and insisteth . Youth . Disposition . Education . Vocation . Recreation . Acquaintance . Moderation . Perfection . An exact Table or Directory , leading to the principall points contained in this Booke . YOVTH . Observat. 1. OVR youthfull yeares , our Climactericall yeares ; with the dangers that attend on youthfull yeares ; seconded by an authenticke story out of Eusebius . pag. 1.2 The vanity of Youth displayed in foure distinct Subjects . 5 Two reasons why Young-men were not admitted to deliver their opinions in publike assemblies . 11 Three violent passions incident to Youth . 26 Two reasons why Youth is naturally subject to those illimited passions of Ambition , Lust , Revenge . 27 Especiall motives or incendiaries , tending to the increase of those passions . 29 The proper postures of a complete Roarer . 42 Physicke prescribed , and Receits applied , to cure these maladies in Youth . 46 What choice imployments deserve entertainment from a Gentleman . 47 DISPOSITION . Observat. 2. THe diversitie of Dispositions . pag. 51 A probable judgement of our Dispositions , drawne from the delights we affect , or company we frequent . 53 Passion the best discoverer of our Disposition . ibid. Discovery of Dispositions in distempers . 54 Promotion held ever , mans best Anatomy Lecture . 55 The Disposition is not to be forced . 57 What Disposition ( being distinguished by three infallible markes ) is most generous . 61 The proper ayme or end whereto the actions of true resolution are directed : with the prudent observation of Cortugal , one of the Turkish Princes , in his perswasive Oration for the besiege of Rhodes . 70.72 EDVCATION . Observat. 3. WHat Education is . pag. 75 Education dilates it selfe to three subjects . ibid. Our knowledge reflects upon two particulars . 76 A profitable Exhortation to all such as are drawne away by strange doctrine . 80 Two especiall errours incident to subjects of discourse ; Affectation , Imitation : whereof Gentlemen are seriously cautioned . 82 Perswasion , being the life and efficacie of Speech , consisteth on three parts . 83 Immoderate passion , in arguments of Discourse and reasoning , to be avoided . 88 Education either improveth or depraveth . 91 Education , the best seasoner of Action , aswell as of Speech , or Knowledge : no lesse prevalent in Arts Manuall , than actions Martiall . 91.99 Education , the best seasoner of Youth . 101 VOCATION . Observat. 4. THe Definition , necessitie , and conveniencie of a Vocation without personall Exception or Exemption . pag. 106 , 107.115 . Vertue consists in Action , time in revolution , the maze of mans life in perpetuall motion . pag. 107. lin . 16 Three necessary considerations touching the conveniencie of a Vocation ; divided and applied . 109 The Efficacy of Prayer in every Vocation ; and the exercise thereof seriously recommended . 110 We are to resist vices , by practising and doing acts of the contrary vertues . 114 Men of place , in respect of three distinct Objects , are three wayes servants . 115. lin . 23 Men of place , of all others least exempted from a Vocation . 117. lin . 18 The ground of all Novellisme . 121 Vocation in generall . 124 The first invention of Trades , Arts , or Sciences . 127 The Antient Borough of Kendall ( upon serious discourse of Manufacture ) worthily commended for their industry in Wooll-worke : the judicious Dutch-men of Keswick , for their Copper-worke . 125 , 126 A serious survey and judicious display of all the Liberall Sciences . 127 The Vocation of a Gentleman in particular . 133 The Vocation of a Gentleman hath imployment publike or private . 136 How a Gentleman is to demeane himselfe in publike affaires of State. 135 The life of man either Active or Cōtemplative . ib. lin . 7 Directions of reservancie , usefull to all Gentlemen in their keeping of company . ib. lin . 33. Credulity , in two respects , dangerous to persons imployed in affaires of State. 137 Credulity In beleeving the relations of others . In imparting his thoughts to the secrecie of others : shewed in a conceited storie . 137 , 138 , 139 Resolution in suffering neither price to draw him , nor power to over-awe him . 140 Disobedience punished in acts most successive . 142 The holy war , as a consequent action of honour , recōmended to the undertaking of all young Gentlemen . 146. lin . 15 How a Gentleman is to imploy himselfe in publike affaires . 143 How a Gentleman is to demeane himselfe in private affaires . 147 Two perillous shelfes which endanger Iustice. 149 How Iustice is to be poized equally . 151 Impunity the foster-mother of all impiety . 152 How a Gentleman is to demeane himselfe in his owne family . 154 Every family a private Common-wealth . 155. marg . A Gentleman is so to demeane himself in his family , as he neither hord up niggardly , nor lash out lavishly . 157. lin . 11 He is to keepe a Hanke of his bounty , lest too much profusenesse bring him to misery . ibid. lin . 18 He is neither to be too remisse , nor too severe in his family . ibid. How a Gentleman is to imploy himselfe in spirituall affaires within his family . 161 The Exercise of devotion commended , a Blessing thereon pronounced , if duly performed ; which Blessing is on a precept and a promise grounded . 161.162 RECREATION . Observat. 5. THe difference of Recreations . pag. 165 Of the moderate and immoderate use of Recreat . 171 The benefits redounding from moderate Recreat . 173 The incōveniences arising frō immoderate Recreat . 175 The yeare of Iubile defined and described . 177 Objections against Stage-playes , proposed and resolved . 184 What honours antient and moderne times have conferred on Poets , and what bounties for their poems . 189.190 What especiall subjects are privileg'd from Iests . 192 Who the first Comedian , who the first Tragedian . 193 A wofull example of a Gentlewoman , who was a continuall frequenter of Stage-playes . 195 Excesse of Gaming reproved . 196 Cheaters displayed ; their humours experimentally decoloured ; their Habit , garbe , and formall insinuation discovered . 197 Young Gamesters most subject to passion . 225 A dolefull example of one that at gamoused imprecation . ibid. Another Moderne example covertly shadowed , of one who desperately surprized with distemper of losse , poisoned himselfe . ibid. An excellent morall discourse of Hunting . 198 The story of the foole of Millan , and his discourse with a Falconer . 201 In exercises of Recreation , those only are most approved , by whom they are with least affectation performed , and with most freedome of minde embraced . 205. lin . 3 An accurate discourse of valour , and how in arguments of contest or challenge , a Gentleman may come off with honour . 209 The misery of Duello's . 206 A collection and election of Histories . 211 The knowledge of our owne Moderne Chronicles , most beneficiall to Gentlemen . 218 History , the sweetest Recreation of the minde . 220 The judgement of God inflicted upon the actors and authors of Treason , Sacrilege , &c. 213 , 214 , 215 What good morall men have flourished in evil times . 216 How a Gentleman is to bestow himselfe in Recreation . 221 Prodigality condemned , moderation in expence , aswell as in the exercise it selfe , commended . 223 Distinction of times for Recreations , necessarily injoyned . 226 No expence more precious , than the expence of time . ib. Election of Games for Recreation : which conduce most to memory or retention ; which to pregnancie of conceit or apprehension . ibid. ACQVAINTANCE . Observat. 6. OF the use of Acquaintance . pag. 233 Mans security , the Devils opportunity . 235. lin . 6 A display of some Monasticke professors . ibid. Privacie no lesse perillous than societie . 236. The particular benefits derived from Acquaintance , extend to Discourse . Advice . Action . ibid. Of the benefit we reape by Acquaintance in matters of Discourse . ibid. Of the choice of Acquaintance in matters of advice . 238 Friendship resembled to the Iuniper tree , whose wood is sweetest , shade coolest , and coale hottest . 239. marg . Of the benefit properly derived from one friend to another in every peculiar Action . 241 The Expressive Character of a reall friend . 243 The benefits which redound from the mutuall union or communion of friends in the exercise of pleasure . 245 All Iests either festive or civill . 246 Those jests are best seasoned , that are least salted . 248 A rule of infallible direction touching choice of Acquaintance . ibid. Of the choice or judicious approvement of Acquaintance , in affaires of highest consequence . 249 Neither Timist nor Timonist are within the Lists of Acquaintance to be entertained . ibid. The Timist , or Time-observer , displayed and displaced . ibid. The Timonist , or Time-detracter , discovered and discarded . 254 Evill societie the source of all sensuality . 253 What directions are to be observed in the choice of a wife . 256. * Which branch hath proper relation to three choice Characters annexed to the end of this Worke ; which Characters are in some Copies only annexed , and for some other Observations hereafter reserved . The harsh and heremiticall conceit of the Carthaginian Arminius , touching Marriage . 257 The Character of a shamelesse wanton . 259 , 260 The Character of a shamefast woman . 263 , 264 Advice in respect both of portion and proportion . 263 Privileges granted to such as are married . 265 Nobilitie and Affabilitie hold equall'st concurrencie . ibid. lin . 34 Sundry inducing motives to Love recounted . 268 , &c. Of Constancie in the choice of Acquaintance . 271 Who are best consorts to pray with , to play with , to converse or commerce with . 272. lin . 34 Three faculties of the understanding , with their Objects . 276 Of reservancie towards Acquaintance . 279 A two-fold reservancie ; 1. In concealing our secrets . 2. In retaining our substance . 280 An admirable story , clozing with an unexpected Catastrophe , of a prodigall Gentleman and an unconscionable Creditor . 287 Of the absolute end of Acquaintance . 292 All things by course of nature have their proper end , save only suits of Law , which admit no end . ibid. lin . 32 A briefe Survey of Acquaintance in City , Court , and Countrey . 293 , 294 Learning , the moving'st inducement and exquisitest ornament of Acquaintance . 295 Titles formerly conferred on such as were learned . ibid. The absolute ayme or end of Acquaintance , is either to better them , or be bettered by them . 296 Especiall offices wherein friendship and Acquaintance should be exercised . 297 What gracious effects were produced by the friendly compassion of those faithfull instruments of Gods glory , in the first conversion of this kingdome . 298 , 299 , &c. The flourishing state of the Church , amidst many hoary winters of innovation , turbulent times of persecution . 300 An excellent conclusive precept recommended to all young Gentleman . 304 MODERATION . Observat. 7. MOderation defined . pag. 306 Our life a medley of Desires and feares . 305 Moderation of Princes in their contempt of Soveraigntie , illustrated by an example of one of our owne . 309 Otho's resolution , who by dying had rather prove himselfe a mortall creature , than by living , load himselfe with cares of an Emperour . 310 No vertue can subsist without Moderation . 311 A review of those maine assailants of Temperance , Lust , Ambition , Gorgeousnesse in apparell , luscious fare , company-keeping , &c. illustrated by divers instances . 315 , 316 What excellent fruits are derived from Temperance . 313 Conquest of a mans affections the greatest victory . 315 Chastity the choicest ornament of Youth . 316 A distinction of degrees , Conjugall , Viduall , Virginall . 322 A more particular display of Cheaters , with their obsequious natures , &c. 329 Wherein Moderation is to be used . Expence of coine . Expence of time . 331 Motives to Hospitality , with a reclaime of our Gentry from the Court to their Country . 332 Three sorts of persons encountred and reproved for their abuse or carelesse Expence of Time , the Ambitious . Voluptuous . Miserably-covetous . 339 The Ambitious mans designes aptly compared to Domitians catching flies , or the misty conclusions of the deluded Alchymist . 340 The Voluptuous Libertine mis-imployeth time in two respects ; 1 In respect of himselfe . 2 In respect of those good creatures , ordained for the use and service of himselfe . ibid. The Covetous wretches Treasury , the store-house of his misery . 342 Nothing so terrible as the approach of Death to a worldling . 343 Moderation of the passions of the minde , reduced to two subjects , Ioy. Sorrow . 344 The Christians Ioy is no carnall but a spirituall joy . ib. His sorrow is not a sorrow unto sinne , but a sorrow for sinne . 345 Eie is made the sense of sorow , because the sense of sin . 346 Where in Moderation is to be limitted . 347 The occasion of all immoderation derived from those three troubled Springs : Concupiscence of the flesh ; Concupiscence of the eye ; Pride of life . 348 Excellent rules prescribed for moderating cares of the flesh . 349 The Eye , as it is the tenderest and subtillest Organ of all others , so should the object whereon it is fixed , be the purest and clearest of all others . 352 The Eagle an Embleme of Divine Contemplation . ib. The worldlings earthly honour resembled to the bird Ibis , her filthy nature . ibid. The desperate fate of an inamored Italian . 353. lin . 14. The proud Luciferians of this world similized to the Chameleon , who hath nothing in his body but lungs . ibid. lin . 33. Promotion declares what men be ; instanced in Cardinall Woolsey . 354 The power of Prayer expressed by these three distinct Characters : It is Gods honour ; Mans armour ; The Devils terrour . Or thus . Gods oblation ; Mans munition ; The Devils expulsion . Which pious practice , as it is Gods sacrifice , so should it be mans exercise . 355 An absolute clozing direction tending to true Moderation . 356 Of the accōplished end which attends Moderation . 357 The difference betwixt the Ethnicke and Christian Ethicke , in the opinion of felicitie . ibid. The Exercise of Moderation reduced to a three-fold practice ; 1 Overcōming of Anger , by the spirit of patiēce . 2 Wantonnesse , by the spirit of continence . 3 Pride , by the spirit of lowlinesse . 361 He who useth his tongue to filthy cōmunication , incurs a three-fold offence . 1 In dishonouring his Maker . 2 In blemishing his soules image or feature . 3 In ministring matter of scandall to his brother . 363 Wherein true Content properly consisteth . 364 Those two passions or affections of desire and feare ; desire of having more than we have ; feare of losing what we already have , may be properly said to have a three-fold respect : To the goods or Endowments of Minde . Body . Fortune . 365 No Attendant more tenderly constant to a Gentlemans reputation , than Moderation . 371 Moderation the best Monitor in advising and advancing him to the true title of honour . ibid. PERFECTION . Observat. 8. NO Perfection in this life absolute , but graduall . pag. 373 Two considerations of maine consequence : 1 The foe that assaults us . 2 The friend that assists us . 375 The Christians complete armour . ibid. The first institution of Fasts , with the fruit thereof . 377 The power of Prayer : with examples of such as were most conversant in that holy Exercise . ibid. & 378 Circumstances observable in workes of charitie and devotion . ibid. Objections and resolutions upon the ground of Perfection . 381. lin . 16 Of the Contemplative part of Perfection . 382 A Corollary betwixt the Heathen and Christian contemplation . 384 Examples of a contemplative and retired life . 387 A three-fold Meditation of necessarie importance : 1 Worthinesse of the soule ; 2 Vnworthinesse of Earth ; 3 Thankefulnesse unto God , who made man the worthiest creature upon Earth . 389 Of the Active part of Perfection . 391 No contagion so mortally dangerous to the body , as corrupt company is to the soule . 393 Two especiall memorials recommended to our devoutest meditation . 1 The Author of our creation . 2 The End of our creation . ib. A foure-fold Creation . 394. lin . 8 The fabulous and frivolous opinions of foure Heathen Philosophers , ascribing the creation of all things to the foure Elements . 396. lin . 6 Their arguments evinced by pregnant testimonies , both of Scriptures and Fathers . ibid. The End of our creation . 397 Singular precepts of Mortification . 399 Idlenesse begetteth security , properly termed the Soules Lethargy . 400 A Christians Ephemerides ; or his Euening account . 401 The Active part of Perfection , prefer'd before the Cōtemplative . 403 No ARMORY can more truly deblazon a Gentleman , than acts of charity and compassion . 404 The Active preferred before the Contemplative , for two respects ; the first whereof hath relation to our selves ; the second to others . 407 , 408 Ignorance is to be preferred before knowledge loosely perverted : with a comparison by way of objection and resolution , betwixt the conveniences of Action and Knowledge . 406 , 407 Action is the life of man ▪ and Example the direction of his life . 409. l. 3 Wherein the Active part of Perfection consisteth . 410 Active Perfection consisteth in Mortification of Action and Affection . Mortification extends it selfe in a three-fold respect , to these three distinct Subjects : 1 Life . 2 Name . 3 Goods . illustrated with Eminent Examples of Christian resolution , during the ten Persecutions . 411 , 412 Not the act of death , but the cause of death makes the Martyr . 414 No action , how glorious soever , can be crowned , unlesse it be on a pure intention grounded . 415 Mortificat . in respect of name or report , is two-fold : 1 In turning our eares from such as praise us . 2 In hearing with patiēce such as revile us . 418 Scandals distinguished : and which with more patience than others may be tollerated . 424 , 425 , &c. Mortification in our contempt of all worldly substance : pitching upon two remarkable considerations : 1 By whom these blessings are conferred on us . 2 How they are to be disposed by us . 427 Vain-glory shuts man from the gate of glory . 428 An exquisite connexion of the precedent Meditations . 430 The absolute or supreme end wherto this Actuall Perfection aspireth , and wherein it solely resteth . 434 Singular Patternes of Mortification , in their Contempt of life , and embrace of death . 439 , 440 The reason of his frequent repetition of sundry notable occurrences throughout this whole Booke . 439 The Heart can no more by circumference of the World be confined , than a Triangle by a Circle filled . 442. lin . 23. Though our feet be on Earth , our faith must be in Heaven . 445 A pithy Exhortation ; A powerfull Instruction ; clozing with a perswasive Conclusion . 453 , 454 , 455 A Character intitled A Gentleman . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . YOVTH . Argument . The dangers that attend on Youth ; The vanitie of Youth , display'd in foure distinct Subjects ; Three violent passions incident to Youth ; Physicke prescribed , and receits applied to cure these Maladies in Youth . YOVTH . HOwsoever some more curiously than needfully may seeme to reason , that there be divers Climactericall or dangerous yeeres in mans time ; sure I am , that in mans age there is a dangerous time , in respect of those Sinne-spreading Sores which soile and blemish the glorious image of the soule . And this time is Youth , an affecter of all licentious liberty , a Comicke introducer of all vanitie , and the only Heire apparent to carnall securitie . This it was which moved that princely Prophet to pray , Lord forgiue mee the Sinnes of my youth . Sins indeed ; because the youthfull sinner is ever committing , but never repenting , usually provoking God , but rarely invoking God. This is hee who Snuffeth the wind , with the wilde Asse in the desart , being like the Horse or Mule which hath no understanding , by giving Sense preeminence aboue Reason : and walking in the fatnesse of his heart , as one wholly forgetfull of God. He may say with the Psalmist , though in another sense , Vt jumentum factus sum apud te : upon exposition of which sentence , it is laudable ( saith Euthymius ) that in the sight of God we take our selues as Beasts to shew our humility , but not to resemble beasts in ignorance or brutish sensualitie . Many are the dangerous shelfes which menace ruine and shipwracke to the inconsiderate and improvident Soule , during her sojourning here in this Tabernacle of clay : but no time more perillous than the heat of * Youth , or more apt to give fuell to the fire of all inordinate desires ; being as ready to consent , as the Devil is to tempt , and most willing to enter parley with her spirituall enemie upon the least assault . It is reported by Eusebius , that Saint Iohn meeting a strong young-man , of good stature , amiable feature , sweet countenance , and great spiri● , straightway looking upon the Bishop of that place , he said thus unto him : Christ being witnesse and before the Church , I commend unto thee and thy care this young man , to be especially regarded and educated in all spirituall discipline . Whom when the Bishop had received into his tuition , and promised that he would performe whatsoever he ought , S. Iohn againe and againe gives his charge , and contesteth his fidelity : and afterwards he returnes to Ephesus . The Bishop takes the young man home : brings him up as his owne sonne , keeps him within the limits of his dutie , intreats him gently , and at last baptiseth him , and confirmes him . Afterwards , upon remitting something of his care , and giving freer reines to his libertie , the young man takes occasion to shake off the yoake of tuition , and falls into bad company , who corrupt him : diverting his course from the path of vertue by these meanes . First , they invite him to banquets , then they carry him abroad in the Night , afterward to maintaine their profuser expence , they draw him to theevery , and so by degrees to greater wickednesse , being now made Captaine in this theevish company . At last Saint Iohn returnes and saith ; Goe to Bishop , give me my depositum , which I and Christ committed unto thee in the Church which thou governest . The Bishop was astonied , thinking that he had deceitfully demanded some money which he never received , and yet durst scarce distrust the Apostle . But as soone as Saint Iohn said , I demand the young man and soule of my brother : the old man hanging downe his head , sighing and weeping , said ; ille mortuus est , he is dead . How and with what kinde of death , said Iohn ? Deo mortuus est , hee is dead unto God , answered the Bishop : Nam nequam & perditus , & uno verbo Latro evasit : for he is wicked and lost , and in a word a Theefe . Much matter might be collected from this Story , to enlarge the ground of our Proposition , to wit , what imminent dangers are ever attending on Youth , and how easie it is by the painted flag of vanity , and sensuall pleasure , to draw him to ruine . For doubtlesse , many excellent rules of instruction had this grave Bishop delivered and imparted to his young Pupill : many devout taskes and holy exercises had hee commended to his practice : many prayers full of fervent zeale had hee offered for his conversion : many sighes had he sent , many teares had he shed to reclaime him from his former conversation . Yet see , how soone this youthfull Libertine forgets those instructions which hee had taught him , those holy taskes which were injoyned him , those zealous prayers which were offered for him , those unfained sighes and teares which were shed for him I hee leaves this aged Father , to become a Robber , he flies from the Temple to the mountaine ; he puts off the roabe of truth , and disguiseth himselfe with the vizard of theft . And no small theefe , but a Leader . Rachel was a theefe , for shee stole idolls from her father ; Iosuah was a theefe , seeing hee stole grapes from Canaan ; David was a theefe , seeing he stole the bottle of water from Saul ; Ionathas was a theefe , since he stole hony from the Hive ; Iosaba was a theefe , since he stole the infant Ioash . But here was a theefe of another nature ; one , whose vocation was injury , profession theevery , and practice crueltie : one , whose ingratitude towards his reverend Foster-father , merited sharpest censure : for Bysias the Grecian , Osige● the Lacedemonian , Bracaras the Theban , and Scipio the Roman , esteemed it lesse punishment to be exiled , than to remaine at home with those that were ungratefull for their service . So as , it is not only a griefe , but also a perillous thing , to have to doe with ungratefull men . And wherein might ingratitude be more fully exemplified than in this Young-man , whose disobedience to his Tutor , sleighting his advice that had fostered him , deserved severest chastisement ? But to observe● the cause of his fall ; wee shall finde how soone those good impressions , which he had formerly received , were quite razed and defaced in him , by reason of depraved company : whence we may gather , that Youth , being indeed the Philosophers rasa tabula , is apt to receive any good impressure , but spotted with the pitch of vice , it hardly ever regaines her former puritie . Whence wee are taught , not to touch pitch , lest we be defiled : for as that divine Father saith , Occasiones faciunt Latrones . Truth is , the sweetest Apples are the soonest corrupted , and the best natures quickliest depraved . How necessary therefore , the care and respect Youth ought to have in the choyce and election of his Company , may appeare by this one example , which sheweth that Society is of such power , as by it Saints are turned into Serpents , Doves into Devils : for , with the wise wee shall learne wisdome , and with the foole we shall learne foolishnesse . Dangerous therefore it is , to leave illimited Youth to it selfe : yea , to suffer Youth so much as to converse with it selfe . So as , that Greeke Sage , seeing a Young man privately retired all alone , demanded of him what hee was doing ? who answered , he was talking to himselfe . Take heed , quoth he , thou talke not with thine enemie . For the naturall pronenesse of Youth to irregular liberty is such , as it is ever suggesting matter of innovation to the Soveraigntie of reason . Now to reduce these enormities incident to Youth , to certaine principall heads , we will display the Vanitie of Youth in these foure distinct Subjects ▪ Gate , Looke , Speech , Habit : that by insisting and discoursing on each particular , we may receive the feature of Ladie Vanitie portrayed to the life . IT is strange to observe how the very Body expresseth the secret fantasies of the minde : and how well the one sympathizeth with the other . I have seene even in this one motion , the Gate , such especiall arguments of a proud heart ; as if the body had beene transparent , it could not have represented him more fully . And I have wondered , how Man endued with reason , could be so far estranged from that where with he was endued ; as to strut so proudly with feet of earth , as if hee were never to returne to earth . But especially , when Youth is employed in ushering his Mistresse hee walkes in the street as if hee were dancing a measure . He verily imagins the eyes of the whole Citie are fixed on him , as the very patterne which they esteeme worthy imitation : how neerely then concernes it him to stand upon his equipage . He walkes , as if he were an upright man , but his sincerity consists onely in dimension . He feares nothing so much as some rude encounter for the Wall , and so be discredited in the sight of his Idoll . Now I would be glad to weane this Phantasticke from a veine of lightnesse , and habituate him to a more generous forme . First , he is to know , how that which is most native and least affect●ve , deserves choisest acceptance . We were not borne to glory in our feet , the Bases of Mortalitie : but to walke as children of light , in holinesse and integritie . Safer it were for us , to observe and make use of that , which the Swan is reported to use , when at any time shee glories in the whitenesse of her colour , to wit , shee reflects her eye upon her blacke feet , which qualifies her proud spirit : making her so much the more dejected , as joying before in her owne beautie , shee was erected . Excellently was that Embleme of humane frailtie shadowed in the image of Agathocles the Syracusan tyrant , who commanded his Statue to be composed after this sort : the Head to be of gold , signifying purenesse , the armes of ivory , intimating smoothnesse , the body of brasse , implying strongnesse , but the feet of earth , importing weaknesse . Be the Head-peece never so pure ; be it a Diadem of gold wee weare , it cannot promise to us perpetuitie ; wee stand on earthen feet , how may we then stand long , relying on such weak supporters ? Though Nebuchadnezzer strut never so proudly upon the turrets of his princely Palace , saying , Is not this great Babel which I have builded ? hee knowes not how soone he shall be deprived of his glory , and be enforced to feed with the Beasts of the field , being as one estranged from his former magnificence . Quid ergo ad nos consolatio mundi ? Let us not glory in mundane vanitie , nor repose too much confidence in these feet of frailtie . Sipes interris , mens sit in coelis ; Though our foot be on earth , let our minde be in heaven : knowing , that ( as Saint Augustine saith ) Three cubits of earth doe expect us ; and how little or much so ere wee possesse , this is all that shall be left us . THe next Subject we are to treat of in this Display of youthfull vanity , is his Looke : wherein hee is ever noted to shew a kinde of contempt , expressing by his eye , what he conceives in his heart . Here is oculatus testis , an eye-witnesse to tax him of his pride ; disdaining to fix his eye upon the lower shrubs , as if a reflex on them should derogate from his glory . They that looked upon Sylla's ring , could not choose but take notice both of Sylla's seale and the treason of Iugurth ; so he that should but eye a proud Look , could not choose but collect from what heart so disdainfull a Looke proceeded . I have ever observed , the most generous to be least affective in this kinde : for it is , and hath beene ever an inherent propriety in them , to expresse a generous affability as well in Looke as Speech . The eyes ( saith a good Father ) are members of the flesh , but windowes of the minde ; which , Eagle-like , should be ever erected to the beames of righteousnesse , and not depressed by any unworthy object of externall basenesse . The only Sight of God is the true food and refection of our minds : we look to be satisfied , but satisfaction we cannot finde in any outward object ; much lesse in contempt of our poore brother , who many times exceeds us more in worth , than we him in birth . But tell me , Young Gallant , what it is that moveth thee to this contempt of others ? Is it thy descent ? alas , that is none of thine ; thou derivest that glory from thine Ancestors , whose honour by thy vertues as it liveth , so obscured by thy ignoble life , dieth . Yea , recall to minde how many glorious Houses now lye buried in the grave of oblivion , by the vicious course of irregular Successours : and again , how many Houses , whose Names formerly were not so much as knowne , either raised from others ruine , or advanced by industrious merit , usurpe their glory . Is it thy Riches ? Indeed , if the Philosophers axiom bee true ; Riches is a signe of eternall glory , there were some reason to glory in them : but we shall finde this glory meerely imaginary , yea a great darkner and blemisher of the internall glorie and beautie of the minde . For as the Moone doth never eclypse , but when she is at the full : so the Minde is never so much obscured , as it is with the superfluitie of Riches . And againe , as the Moone is farthest off from the Sunne which giveth it light , when it is at the full ; so a Man , when he is the fullest of Riches , is farthest off from that equitie and justice , which ought to give him light in all his proceedings . And therefore , he might doe well herein to imitate the Fly , which putteth not her feet in the great masse of honey , but only taketh and tasteth with her tongue so much thereof as serveth her turne , and no more , lest by doing otherwise , she might remaine taken and drowned therein . Yea , if we should but reflect and take a view of certaine Ethnicks , whose ●dmirable contempt of Riches eternized them , wee should observe what inimitable continencie was in them , and what an Hydropticke thirst of avarice remaineth as yet unquenched in us . And though we must live according to Lawes , and not to Examples , yet Cicero held that nought could be taught without example ; wherefore , to enforce this argument further , wee will here produce certaine Heathens , who contemned Riches so much , as being offered , yea obtruded , they would not accept them . Anacharses refused the treasure sent him by Croesus : Anacreontes refused the treasure sent him by Polycrates : and Albionus refused the treasure sent him by Antigonus . The like moderation we reade in Fabius Maxim. Crates , Mimus , and most of the Greeke Philosophers . This indifferencie towards Fortune , is excellently described by the sententious Seneca , concluding , Nihil eripit fortuna , nisi quod ipsa dedit . To insist on more examples , were to enlarge this branch too much ; we will therefore shut them all up with that divine observation of the wise Simonides ; who being asked once , whether Vertue or Riches were of more reputation , made answer , That the vertuous did more frequent the doores of the rich , than the rich the vertuous : Thence inferring , that Wealth was a great nourisher of Vice , and Povertie of Vertue ; or rather implying , how those who are richest are oft-times the retchlest , being ev●r with vices more infected , who are to highest fortunes advanced . Wherefore I assure me , thou wilt not glory in riches , for they deprave the Soule , which should be in the Body , like a Queene in her Palace . Whence then proceedeth this haughty Looke ? perchance thou wilt object , that thou art a man of Place ; admit thou beest : is there nothing thou canst finde to expresse the eminence or greatnesse of thy Place , to which thou art called , save a disdainfull or surly Looke , ● neglectfull or scornefull countenance , contemptuously throwne upon thy inferiour ? Surely , if such an one thou be , how great so ere thou be , I will admire rather thy Seat than thy Selfe : and conclude with Aristippus , A stone sits upon a stone . These are they , at whom our Moderne Poet glanced pleasantly , when he saith : " They dare not smile beyond a point , for feare t' unstarch their Looke . So punctuall and formall they are , as besides a kinde of formall and phantasticke humour they are nothing : or to expresse them better ; They thinke it a derogation to honour , to converse with basenesse ; They shew a great deale of peremptory command in an awfull Looke , imagining it a sufficient argument of greatnesse , for Midas Asse to have Minos countenance : For thus hath Time drawne out their formes to me , They be and seeme not , seeme what least they be . Since then neither Descent , for that is derived from others ; nor riches , aptest to deprave us of all others ; nor place , being worst expressed in glorifying our selues and contemning others ; should move us to put on the countenance of disdaine to our inferiours : we are to conclude , that Humilitie , as it opens the gate unto glory , so Affabilitie , a vertue right worthy of every generous minde , cannot be better planted than in the eyes , those Centinels which guard us , those two Lights which direct us , those adamantine Orbes which att●act affection to us . A face erected , first to man was given , T' erect his eyes unto the King of heaven . Let not then any other object entertaine it , at least , not retaine it : if they be to be employed in any worldly object , let them be employed in contemplating his workes who made the world ; for all other objects are but meere vanitie and affliction of spirit . THe third Subject we are to discourse of , is Speech ; a proprietie wherein Man is distinguished from other creatures : yea , the only meanes to preserve societie among humane creatures . Quant●meliu● est docere quàm loqui , tanto melior est quàm verba locutio , saith S. Augustine : By how much better it is to teach than to speake , by so much better is Speech than words . Here this learned Father maketh a maine difference betwixt Speech and Words : which distinction may be properly applied to the argument whereof we now treat . The rash Young man , who useth no guard to his mouth , nor no gate of circumstance unto his lips , inureth himselfe to many words , but little Speech . Now to define Speech , it is nothing else than an apt composing , and an opportunate uttering of words ; whence it is said , Words spoken in season or opportunitie , are like apples of gold with pictures of silver . And herein is Youth many times blame-worthy , who will professe himselfe a Speaker , before he know what to speake ; yea , putting his oare in every mans boat , admits no conference , no treatie , no discourse , how transcendent soever , but he will be a Speaker : though it oft-times move some wise Phocion to say to this jangling Pithias , Good God , will this foole never leave his babbling ? Aristotle debating of the convenience and proprietie of discourse before Alexander , maintained that none were to be admitted to Speake , but either those that managed his warres , or his Philosophers which governed his house . Observe here what strictnesse was imposed even upon Heathens , to restraine them from too much libertie of Speech , onely such being admitted to speake , whose approved judgement in militarie or philosophicall discourse might worthily be said to deserve attention . Divers reasons of no small consequence might be here produced , why Young men were not to give their opinions in any matter of State in publike places ; but we will reduce them to two . The first whereof may be imputed to their rashnesse in resolving ; the second to a passionate hotnesse in proceeding . For the first , to wit , rashnesse in resolving : it is the propertie of Youth without premeditation to resolve , and without counsell to execute . Now as it possible any good effect should succeed from such unsteadie grounds ? Yes , you will say ; some are of that present and pregnant conceit , as a matter is no sooner imparted , than they apprehend it : and for Speech , divers haue had such excellent gifts , as they would shew more native eloquence in a Speech presently composed , than upon longer preparation addressed . Did not Tiberius better in any Oration extempore , than premeditate ? Have not many in like sort , as if secretly * inspired , expressed and delivered abundance of profound learning upon the present ? It is true , yet are wee not hence to collect that premeditation is fruitlesse , that rash and inconsiderate resolves are to be admitted , or Young mens advice , which is for most part grounded on opinionate arrogancie , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , secundum opinionem , non secundum veritatem , should be authenticke . For admit Young men were eloquent , yet foolish eloquence ( which must needs be in unseasoned Youth ) is as a sword in a mad-mans hand , it cannot but hurt much ; being first , apt to perswade , and likewise by delivering dangerous matter , no lesse prompt to depra●e the eare that is perswaded . The second reason which we observed , why Youth was not to give his opinion ●n any publike place , was his hotnesse in proceeding . It is intolerable for these Young-heads to be opposed : they are deafe to reason , as if opinion had possest them of purpose to oppose reason . This appeared in those violent attempts of Catiline , Cethegus , Lentulus , and their factious adherents ; who , though privately cautioned and friendly advised by such , whose long experienced loue and fidelitie assured them of their unfained amity yet rather than they would lose the opportunitie of their aimes , all counsell must be rejected , and their own private opinions ( without ground of reason ) embraced . But to come nearer them in our discourse : these Young-blouds use rather , Catiline-like , to speake much and doe little , than Iugurth-like , to speake little , and doe much . Of all Innes , they loue not that of Harparates , with the signe of the finger on his mouth . They are unmeasurably passionate in any argument , and so nailed to their owne opinion , as conceit transports them aboue reason , and leaves no place for contradiction . It is commonly said , that Law , Logicke , and the Switzers , may be hired to fight for any one ; and wee have found out one that will match them . Now you have received the character of his Speech , I would labour to reclaime him from his errour ; which to effect the better , he must know , that being a Gentleman , ( for to such an one chiefly doe I direct my discourse ) he can asperse no greater imputation on Gentry , than in exercising his tongue in fruitlesse and frivolous discourse , or spending his breath in uselesse or needlesse contention . The tongue ( as one observes ) is a small member : but very glibbery and proane to ruine : apt it is to rebell , if not restrained , prompt to innovate , if not confined . But of all the sallies or excursions which are made by the tongue , none in my conceit lesse beseeming a Gentleman , than in giving reines to passion , to slave himselfe to illimited fury : much more profit should he finde in expostulating with passion , recalling to minde that saying of Archytas so much commended ; who being angrie with one of his hindes , said ; O how would I have beaten thee , had I not beene angrie with thee ! Where two meeke men meet together , their conference ( saith Bern●rd ) is sweet and profitable ; where one man is meeke , it is profitable ; where neither , it proves pernicious . May your Speech , ( Gentlemen ) be so seasoned , as it may relish of discretion : rather learne the art of silence , than to incurre the opinion of rashnesse : for the one seldome gives argument of offence , but the other ever . Speak , but not with affectation , for that gives a better rellish to the eare , than to the conceit : Speake , but not in assentation , for that is mercenarie , and seemes better in the mouth of a slavish Sycophant , than a generous professant : Speake freely , yet with reservation , lest the Comedians phrase have some allusion to your opennesse ; being so full of chinkes , as secrecie can haue no hope to finde harbour in your bosome . As to Speak all that we know , sheweth weaknesse ; so to impart nothing of that we know , inferres too much closenesse : to observe a meane in these extremes , choice respect is to be had with whom we converse . If we finde him apt to conceale , we may more safely and freely deliver our minde ; but where suspicion of secrecie ministers argument of distrust , we are to be more cautelous : for it is great folly to engage our thoughts to the secrecie of him whom wee know not . Worthy commendation was Augustus in this respect , who was so choice in the election of a friend , to whom he might communicate his privatest thoughts , as he would employ much time in searching and sifting him , ere he would retaine him . And hence I might take occasion to tax divers , who are too readie to open their bosoms unto all encounter● ; and yet I must freely confesse , that this credulitie ●f theirs , meerely proceeds from the goodnesse of then nature : for they imagine ( such is their easie simplicitie ) that others are as secret , as they open . Such is the affabilitie of unexperienced Youth , as they cannot reserve the secret'st of their thoughts , but must discover them upon the first view to their first acquaintance : whence Plautus , Benignitas ejus ut adolescentuli est ; wherein he seemes to instance Youth , as a patterne of ingenuous affabilitie , no lesse readie to utter his thoughts , then his subtill applauder is to heare them . Much more fruit should hee reape by observing that divine precept of Ecclesiasticus : Thou that art young Speake , if need be , and yet scarcely when thou art twice asked . Comprehend much in few words ; in many be as one that is ignorant : be as one that understandeth , and yet hold thy tongue . Wherein he proposeth an exact rule to be observed by Youth , even in circumstance , as well as substance of Speech . Now it may be expected , that I should propose a forme for words , as I have proposed a rule for discourse ; but my reply to him , who expects this , shall be the same which Demosthenes made to Aeschynes the Orator ; who having found fault with Demosthenes , questioning him of certaine words which he had pronounced , something rare and strange , was in this sort answered by him ; That the fortunes of Greece depended not upon them . Only thus much I will adde , to reclaime him , who more curiously then pertinently , insisteth rather on Words than Substance : that as there is no man but would esteeme him for an indiscreet builder , who preferreth the care of his frontispice before the maine foundation , or such an one for a foolish Painter , who bestoweth more art upon the varnish than the picture : so whosoever intendeth his care rather to finde out words than matter , may be holden for a verball Rhetorician , but no serious Orator . To be short , if you will have my opinion touching the use of words : I esteeme such to be most elegant , which are least affected ; for there 〈◊〉 proprietie of Speech which best becomes us ; being adorned with such ornaments , as grace our discourse better than adulterate art , which many times bestowes so much time upon beautifying her selfe , as shee forgets whom shee should serve . WEE are now to descend briefly to the last , though not least vanitie incident to Youth ; and it is Habit or Attire . Wherein I have not a little wondered , falling now and then into more serious meditation with my selfe , how any man , having reflex , by the eye of his Soule , to his first fall , should glory in these roabs or rags of shame , being purposely invented to cover his sinne . Sinne indeed ; for had not man sinned , his shame had never beene discovered . Poore Fig-leaves were then the onely shelter , to shroud from shame this miserable sinner . Then was Adam his owne Taylour , and stood not much on fashion , so his nakednesse might finde a cover . Come then and heare mee , thou perfumed Gallant , whose sense chiefly consists in sent ; and observe how much thou derogat'st from thy owne worth , in covering a shell of corruption with such bravery . All gorgeous Attire is the attire of sinne ; it declines from the use for which it was ordained , to wit , Necessitie , and dilates it selfe purposely to accomplish the desire of vanitie . Forraine Nations , on whose flowrie borders the glorious Sun-shine of the Gospell hath not as yet shined , though for their Silkes and Sables , none more plenteous or precious , yet with what indifferencie doe they use these riches ? It may be you will object , that Art hath not as yet showne her cunning amongst them ; so as their neglect of fashion meerely proceedeth from want of skilfull Artists , to introduce the forme or fashion of other Countries ( by meanes of civill government , more curious and exquisite ) to their people . But I shall ●●ov● and that by impregnable arguments , how this contempt of pride is naturally planted in them ; yea , with what scorne and derision they looke upon other Countries , usually affected to this delicacie and effeminacie in apparell . Such as have travelled , and upon exact survey of the Natures of forraine Countries , have brought the rich fraught of knowledge stored with choicest observations to their native home , have confirmed this : for they have found such contempt in other Nations , touching these fruitlesse vanities , wherein we idolatrize our owne formes , as it strucke admiration in them , as their Records , to this day extant , doe apparantly witnesse . To instance some whereof , as the Russian , Muscovian , Ionian , yea even the barbarous Indian , it may appeare with what reservancie they continue their ancient Habit ; loth , it seemes , to introduce any new custome , or to lose their antiquitie for any vain-glorious or affected Noveltie : with a joynt uniformitie ( as it seemes ) resolved , Tam in cultu Numinis , quàm apparatu corporis , moribus legibusque uti praesentibus , etiamsi deteriores sint . But leaving them , because we will a while insist upon prophane authorities ; let us reflect our dim eyes , bleered with the thicke scales of vanitie , to those Divine Sages , whose excellent instructions no lesse imitable than admirable , merit our approbation and observation . It is reported by Laertius , that on a time Croesus , having adorned and beautified himselfe with the most exquisite ornaments of all kindes , that either Art , or cost could devise ; and sitting on a high Throne , to give more grace or lustre to his person , demanded of Solon if he ever saw a sight more beautifull ? Yes ( quoth he ) House-cockes , Phesants , and Peacocks ; for they are clothed with a naturall splendour or beautie bestowed on them by Nature , without any borrowed elegancie . The like contempt appeared in Eut●apelus , who valued the internall beautie of his mind , more than the adulterate varnish of Art. Besides , hee was of this opinion , that hee could not doe his foe a greater injury , than bestow on him the preciousest garments he had , to make him forgetfull of himselfe and his owne frailtie ; whose nature the Poet excellently describeth thus : The Sage Eutrapelus right wisely bade His foes should have the richest roabes he had , Thinking he did them harme , himselfe much good , " For given , they made him humble , them more proud . Amongst many profitable Laws enacted by Numa , the Law * Sumptuaria conferred no small benefit upon the State publique . For by that Law was prohibited , not only all profuse charge in Funerall expences , but likewise the excessiue use of Apparell , whereby the Roman state grew in short time to great wealth , labouring to suppresse those vices , which usually effeminate men the most , to wit , delicacie in fare , and sumptuousnesse in attire . Now there be many , I know , who invent fashions meerely to cover their deformities , as Iulius Caesar wore a garland of Laurell to cover his baldnesse withall ; and these seeme excusable , but they are not : for did not he who made thee , bestow this forme on thee ? Could not he have stamped thee to the most exquisite or absolute feature , if it had so pleased thy Creator ? And wilt thou now controule thy Maker , and by art supply the defects of Nature ? Beware of this evill : I can prescribe thee a better and safer course , how to rectifie these deformities . Hast thou a crooked bodie ? repaire it with an upright soule . Art thou outwardly deformed ? with spirituall gra●●● be thou inwardly beautified . Art thou blinde , or lame , or otherwise maimed ? be not there with dejected , for the Bl●nd and Lame were invited . It is not the outward proportion , but the inward disposition ; not the feature of the face , but the power of grace which worketh to salva●●●on . Alcibiades , Socrates scholer , was the best favoured Boy in Athens ; yet , ( to use the Philosophers words ) looke but inwardly into his bodie , you will finde nothing more odious . So as , one compared them aptly ( these faire ones I meane ) to faire and beautifull Sepulchres ; Exterius nitida , interius faetida ; outwardly hansome , inwardly noysome . Notable was that observation of a learned Philosopher , who professing himselfe a Schoole-master , to instruct Youth in the principles and grounds of Philosophie , used to hang a Looking-glasse in the Schoole where he taught ; wherein he shewed to every scholer he had , his distinct feature or physnomy : which he thus applied . If any one were of a beautifull or amiable countenance , hee exhorted him to answer the beautie and comlinesse of his face , with the beautie of a well-disposed or tempered minde ; if otherwise he were deformed , or ill featured ; he wished him so to adorne and beautifie his minde , that the excellencie of the one , might supply the defects or deformities of the other . But thou objectest ; How should I expresse my descent , my place ; or how seeme worthy the company of eminent persons , with whom I consort , if I should sleight or disvalue this general-affected vanity Fashion ? I will tell thee : thou canst not more generously , I will not say generally , expresse thy greatnes of descent , place , or qualitie , nor seeme better worthy the company with whom thou consortest or frequentest , than by erecting the glorious beames of thy minde , aboue these inferiour things . For who are these with whom thou consortest ? meere triflers away of time , bastard slips , degenerate impes , consumers of their patrimonie , and in the end , ( for what other end save misery may attend them ) Haires to shame and infamie . These ( I say ) who offer their Morning-prayers to the Glasse , eying themselves 〈◊〉 till Narcissus-like they fall in love with their owne shadowes . O England , what a height of pride art thou growne to ? yea , how much art thou growne unlike thy selfe ? when , disvaluing thy owne forme , thou deformest thy selfe by borrowing a plume of everie Countrey , to display thy pie-coloured flag of vanitie . What painting , purfling , powdring and pargeting doe you use , ( yee Idolls of vanitie ) to lure and allure men to breake their first faith , forsake their first love , and yeeld to your immodestie ? How can you weepe for your sinnes , ( saith Saint Hierome ) when your teares will make furrowes in your face ? With what confidence do you lift up that countenance to heaven , which your Maker acknowledges not ? Doe not say that you have modest mindes , when you have immodest eyes . Death hath entred in at your windowes ; your eyes are those cranies , those hatefull portells , those fatall entrances , which ( Tarpeia-like ) by betraying the glorious fortresse or cittadell of your soules , have given easie way to your mortall enemie . Vtinam miserrimus ego &c. I would I poore wretch ( saith Tertullian ) might see in that day of Christian exaltation , An cum cerussa , & purpurisso & croco , & cum illo ambitu capitis resurgatis : No , you stanes to modestie , such a Picture shall not rise in glory before her Maker . There is no place for you ; but for such women as array themselves in comely apparell , with shamefastnesse and modestie , not with broided haire , or gold , or pearles , or costly apparell . But , as becommeth women that professe the feare of God. For even after this manner in time past did the holy women , which trusted in God , tire themselves . Reade , I say , reade yee proud ones , yee which are so haughtie , and walke with stretched-out neckes , the Prophet Isaiah , and you shall find your selves described , and the judgement of Desolation pronounced upon you . Beca●se the Daughters of Zion are haughtie , and walk with stre●ched-out neckes , and with wandring eyes , walking 〈◊〉 minsing as they goe , and making a tinckling with the●● feet ; therfore shall the Lord make the heads of the daughters of Zion bald , and the Lord shall discover their secret parts . And he proceeds : In that day shall the Lord take away the ornament of the slippers , and the calles , and the round tyres . The sweet balles , and the bracelets , and the bonnets . The tyres of the head , and the sloppes , and the head-bands , and the tablets , and the eare-rings . The rings and the mufflers . The costly apparell and the g●ailes , and the wimples , and the crisping-pins . And the glasses , and the fine linnen , and the hoods and the launes . Now heare your reward : And in stead of sweet savour , there shall be stinke , and in stead of a girdle , a rent , and in stead of dressing of the haire , baldnesse , and in stead of a stomacher , a girding of sack-cloth , and burning in stead of beautie . Now attend your finall destruction : Thy men shall fall by the sword , and thy strength in the battell . Then shall her gates mourne and lament , and shee being desolate shall sit upon the ground . See how you are described , and how you shall be rewarded . Enjoy then sin for a season , and delight your selves in the vanities of Youth : be your eyes the Lures of Lust , your eares the open receits of shame , your hands the polluted instruments of sinne : to be short , be your Soules , which should be the Temples of the Holy Ghost , cages of uncleane birds ; after all these things , what the Prophet hath threatned shal come upon you , and what shall then deliver you ? not your Beautie ▪ for to use that divine Distich of Innocentius , Tell me thou earthen vessell made of clay , What 's Beautie worth , when thou must die to day ? Nor Honour ; for that shall lye in the dust , and sleepe in the bed of earth . Nor Riches ; for they shall not deliver in the day of wrath . Perchance they may bring you , when you are dead , in a comely funerall sort to your graves , or bestow on you a few mourning garments or erect in your memory some gorgeous Monument , to shew your vain-glory in death , as well as life ; but this is all : Those Riches which you got with such care , kept with such feare , lost with such griefe , shall not afford you one comfortable hope in the houre of your passage hence ; afflict they may , releeve they cannot . Nor Friends ; for all they can doe , is to attend you , and shed some friendly teares for you ; but ere the Rosemary lose her colour , which stickt the Coarse , or one worme enter the shroud , which covered the Corpse , you are many times forgotten , your former glory extinguished , your eminent esteeme obscured , your repute darkened , and with infamous aspersions often impeached . If a man ( saith Seneca ) finde his friend sad , and so leave him , sicke without ministring any comfort to him , and poore without releeving him ; we may thinke such an one goeth to jest , rather than visit or comfort : and such miserable comforters are these friends of yours . What then may deliver you in such gusts of affliction which assaile you ? Conscience ; shee it is that must either comfort you , or how miserable is your condition ? Shee is that continuall feast which must refresh you ; those thousand witnesses that must answer for you ; that light which must direct you ; that familiar friend that must ever attend you ; that faithfull counsellour that must advise you ; that Balme of Gilead , that must renew you ; that Palme of peace , which must crowne you . Take heed therefore you wrong not this friend , for as you use her , you shall finde her . She is not to be corrupted , her sinceritie scornes it ; Shee is not to be perswaded , for her resolution is grounded ; She is not to be threatned , for her spirit sleights it . She is aptly compared in one respect to the Sea ; shee can endure no corruption to remaine in her , but foames , and frets , and chafes , till all filth be removed from her . By Ebbing and flowing●s ●s shee purged , nor is she at rest till shee be rinsed . 〈◊〉 ab agro ad civitatem , à publico ad domum , à domo in cubiculum , &c. Discontentedly shee flies from the Field to the Citie , from publike resort to her private house , from her house to her chamber ; She can rest in no place ; Furie dogs her behinde , and Despaire goes before . For Conscience being the inseparable glory or confusion of every one , according to the qualitie , disposition or dispensation of that Talent which is given him , for to whom much is given , much shall be required : We are to make such fruitfull use of our Talent that the Conscience wee professe may remaine undefiled , the faith wee have plighted may be inviolably preserved , the measure or Omer of grace we have received , may be increased , and God in all glorified . Which , the better to effect , wee are to thinke how God is ever present in all our actions ; and that ( to use the words of Augustine ) Whatsoever we doe , or addresse our selves to doe , it is before him that we doe , yea whatsoever it be that wee doe , hee better knowes it than we are selves doe . It was Seneca's counsell to his friend Lucilius , that whensoever he went about to doe any thing , he should imagine Cato , or Scipio , or some other worthy Roman to be in presence . In imitation of so divine a Morall , let us in every action fix our eye upon our Maker , Whose eyes are upon the children of men ; so shall we in respect of his sacred presence , to which we owe all devout reverence , Abstaine from evill , doe good , seeke peace and ensue it . Such as defil'd themselves with sinne , by giving themselves over unto pleasure , staining the Nobilitie and splendour of their Soules through wallowing in vice ; or otherwise fraudulently , by usurpation or base insinuation , creeping into Soveraigntie , or unjustly governing the Common-weale ; such thought Socrates , that they went a by-path separated from the counsell of the ●●ds : but such , as while they lived in their bodies , ●nitated the life of the gods , such hee thought had an ●sie returne to the place from whence they first came . If the Pagan had such a divine conceit of those , whose approved life represented a certaine similitude or resemblance of God , as he imagined , no glory could be wanting to them , in regard of their integritie : let us embrace the like opinion , and expresse such apparent demonstrations of sanctitie , that as we exceed the Pagan in regard of that precious light wee enjoy , so wee may exceed him in the conversation of the life we lead . But how should these painted Sepulchres , whose adulterate shape tastes of the shop , glorying in a borrowed beautie , ever meditate of these things ? How should their care extend to heaven , whose Basiliske eyes are only fixed on the vanities of earth ? How should that painted blush ( that Iewish confection ) blush for her sin , whose impudent face hath out-faced shame ? Two Loves ( saith that learned Bishop of Hippo ) make two Cities . Hierusalem is made by the love of God , but Babylon by the love of the world . And these are they , who engaged to worldly love , have forsaken their true love ; they have divided their hearts , and estranged their affections from that Supreme or Soveraigne good . O then ( Young men ) come not neere the gates of this strange woman , whose feet goe downe to death , and whose steps take hold on hell . This is the woman with an Harlots behaviour , and subtill in heart . This is shee , who hath deckt her bed with ornaments , carpets and laces of Aegypt : and perfuming her Bed with Myrrhe , Aloes and Cynamon . Take heed thou sing not Lysimachus song ; The pleasure of fornication is short , but the punishment of the fornicator eternall . But of this Subject wee are more amply to treat hereafter ; onely my exhortation is to Youth , whose illimited desires tend ever to his ruine , that if at any time it be your fortune to encounter with these infectious ulcers , these sin-soothing , and soule-soiling Lepers ; and they like that whorish woman in the Proverbs , invite you to their lothed daliance , saying . Come , let us take our fill of love untill the morning : Come , let us take our pleasure in daliance : that you shake off these vipers at the first assault , and prevent the occasion when it first offers it selfe . For know , that which a devout and learned Father saith concerning the dangerous Habit of sinne , is most true : Prima est quasi titillatio delectationis incorde , secunda consensio , tertium factum , quarta consuetudo . Sinne begins with an itch , but ends with a skar . The first degree begins with delight , the second with consent , the third with act , and the fourth with custome . Thus Sinne by degrees in men of all degrees , like a broad-spreading tetter , runnes over the whole beautie of a precious soule , exposing the fruits of the spirit to be corrupted by the suggestion of the flesh . But too farre ( I feare mee ) have I digressed from this last branch , whereof I was to discourse , to wit , of Habit , or Attire : albeit I haue enlarged my selfe in nothing which may seeme altogether impertinent to our present purpose . For discoursing of the vanitie of women ( whose phantasticke Habits are daily Theames in publike Theatres ) I imagined it a necessary point to insist upon : partly to disswade those Shee-painters of this flourishing Iland from so base and prostitute practice . Base , for Festus Pompeius saith , that common and base whores , called Schaenicolae , used dawbing of themselves , though with the vilest stuffe . Partly to bring a loathing of them in the conceit of all young Gentlemen , whose best promising parts use often to be corrupted by their inchantments . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 &c. there is one flower to be loved of women , a good red , which is shamefastnesse . Saint Hierom to Marcella saith , that those women are matter of scandall to Christian eyes , Quae purpurisso & quibusdam fucis ora oculos● depingunt . I might here likewise justly tax such effeminate Youths , whose womanish disposition hath begot in them a love to this hatefull profession ; but I will onely use Diogenes speech , which hee made to one that had anointed his haires : Cave ne capitis suaveolentia vitae maleolentiam adducat . Or that saying he used to a Youth too curiously and effeminatly drest : If thou goest to men , all this is but in vaine ; if unto women , it is wicked . So as , being asked a question of a Young man , very neatly and finely apparelled , he said , hee would not answer him till he put off his apparell to see whether he were a man or woman . There is another Objection , which I imagine Youth will alledge , to prove how expedient it is for him to be choice or curious in respect of apparell . It gaines him more acceptance and esteeme with men of eminent place . But harken how the Apostle opposeth himselfe to this ; reproving such whose judgement consists in the eye rather than in the braine , proceeding thus : If there come into your company a man with a gold-ring , and in goodly apparell , and there come in also a poore man in vile raiment , and yee have a respect to him that weareth the gay cloathing , and say unto him , Sit thou here in a goodly place ; and say unto the poore , Stand thou there , or sit here under my foot-stoole : Are yee not partiall in your selves , and are become judges of evill thoughts ? So as , howsoever these diffident worldlings , Annulo magis credunt quam animo ; It is not the Habit , but the heart which God accepts : yet most acceptable is that Habit which is not so sumptuous as seemely , not so costly as comely . True indeed it is , that the popular eye , which cannot distinguish of the inward beautie , but observeth rather what wee weare , than what wee are , admires nothing more than the outward Habit ; as we may reade how much Herod , being arrayed in royall apparell , was applauded by the people , who gave a shout , saying , The voice of God , and not of man. But that All-seeing and All-searching eare of the Divine Majestie seeth not as man seeth . He prefers L●zarus rags before Dives roabes . Though the one be clothed in purple and fine linnen , and the other seeme despicable in the eye of the world , in respect of his Nakednesse ; yet , mortua necessitate , peribunt opera necessitatis : the one is translated to glory boundlesse , the other to misery endlesse : for this sorrow which he here felt , ended when he did end ; but the joy which he obtained , exceeded all end . Thus farre have I laboured to answer all such objections as might be proposed in defence of this generall-approved vanitie , concluding ; Quod peccata Sericea teterrima sunt vitia ; No sinnes like to Silken sinnes , for they ever crave impunitie , the foster-mother of all impietie . I intend yet to proceed in decyphering the lightnesse of Youth , by expressing three grand Maladies incident to Youth ; whereof I purpose to dilate particularly , to move the Young man to be more cautelous of his wayes , in the mazie Labyrinth of this life . These three ( for all the rest may be reduced to them ) are comprehended under Lust , Ambition , Revenge : of which briefly , according to our former Method , we purpose here to intreat . SO exposed is Youth to sense , and so much estranged from the government of reason ; as it prosecutes with eagernesse whatsoever is once entertained with affection . This might appeare in the ruines of Troy , occasioned by the unlawfull love of Paris ; where the violent intrusion and usurpation of anothers Bed , brought an irreparable fall to the Trojans . Some have given two reasons , why Youth is more subject to this illimited passion , than any other age . The first is , that naturall heat or vigour , which is most predominant in Youth , provoking him to attempt the greatest of difficulties , rather than suffer the repulse where hee affects . The second is , want of Employment : which begets this distemperature ; whence the Poet : Take away Idlenesse , and without doubt , Cupids bow breakes , and all his Lampes goe out . This want of employment was it , which moved Aegistus to shew himselfe more familiar with Clytemnestra , than stood well with his honour ; for had he ranked himselfe with those valiant Greekes , whose resolute adventures gain'd them generall esteeme , he had prevented occasion , and purchased himselfe equall renowne by his valour , as by vaiue expence of time he incurred dishonour . Wittie and proper was that elegant invention of Lucian , who faining Cupid to invite the gods to an amorous feast , prevailed with all of them to give way to Love , till he came to Pallas ; but she was found conversing with the Muses , and would admit of no time to enter parly with Cupid . True it is , that exercise draweth the mind from effeminacie , as remisnes●e feeds the desire , and addes fuell to unlawfull heat . And no lesse occasion gives wanton discourse , or Lascivious Bookes to the enraged affections of distempered Youth : so as , much more blessed were the State , if restraint were made of composing or publishing such Subjects , where every leafe instructs Youth in a new lesson of folly . Alcaeus , a man of good reputation and generall observance in the Common-wealth ; what toyes wrote he of the love of young men ? All the writings of Anacreon , are only of love . But most of all other , Rheginus even burned with love , as appeareth by his writings . Yea even Philosophers ( and that by the counsell and authoritie of Plato , whom therefore Dicearchus did worthily reprehend ) became the commenders and honourers of love . Such Discourses should be throwne to the darkest corner of our studies , as that of Ovids was by Augustus , which tend to corrupt Youth , and divert his minde from the exercise of vertue . But alas ; to what height of licentious libertie are these corrupter times growne ? When that Sex , where Modesty should claime a native prerogative , gives way to foments of exposed loosenesse ; by not only attending to the wanton discourse of immodest Lovers , but carrying about them ( even in their naked Bosomes , where chastest desires should only lodge ) the amorous toyes of Venus and Adonis : which Poem , with others of like nature , they heare with such attention , peruse with such devotion , and retaine with such delectation , as no Subject can equally relish their unseasoned palate , like those lighter discourses . Yea ( which hath struck me to more admiration ) I have knowne divers , whose unriper yeers halfe assured me , that their greene Youth had never instructed them in the knowledge , nor brought them to conceit of such vanities , excellently well read in those immodest Measures ; yea , and prompt enough to shew proofes of their reading in publike places . I will not insist upon them , but leave them , to have their names registred amongst those infamous Ladies ; Semphronia , Scribonia , Clitemnestra , Cleopatra , Faustina , Messalina , whose memories purchased by odious Lust , shall survive the course of time ; as the memory of those famous Matrons , Octavia , Porcia , Caecilia , Cornelia , shall transcend the period of time . To expresse what especiall motives tend most to increase of this passion , I thinke it not amisse : because I hold it necessarie to propose the cause , before we come to cure the effect . For I thinke , according to the opinion of Socrates , that then my instructions have brought forth good fruit , when by them any one shall be provoked to apply his disposition to the knowledge and practice of vertue . Which , the better to effect , you shall know , that there is no one Motive more generally moving , or enforcing to an eager pursuit of our immoderate affections , than curious or luscious fare , delicious liquors , which might appeare ( if we should have recourse to History ) in those prodigall feastings of Anton. and Cleopatra : where no cost was spared to give more free course to lascivious desires . To prevent this , ( as may be probably gathered ) Greece in her flourishing estate , restrained women both publique and private accesse to Banquets : and kinsmen kissed their kinswomen , to know whether they drunke wine , or no , and if they had , to be punished by death , or banished into some Iland . Plutarch saith , that if the Matrons had any necessitie to drinke wine , either because they were sick or weake , the Senate was to give them licence ; and not then in Rome neither , but out of the Citie . Macrobius saith , that there were two Senators in Rome chiding , and the one called the others wife an Adulieresse ; and the other his wife a Drunkard ; and it was judged that to be a Drunkard was more infamie . Here we may collect what strictnesse , even the Heathen used , to observe a morall course , and to represse such inordinate motions , as most commonly invade the eminent'st States , when long peace hath rockt her people asleepe , snorting in the downe-bed of securitie . Sure I am , as there is nothing which brings either publike or private State to a remisnesse of government sooner than peace or plentie ; so nothing effatuates the understanding of man more , than excesse in meat or drinke , subjecting the intellective part to the bondage of Sence . For what may be the discourse of Epicurists , but lascivious , begot on excesse of fare curious and luscious ? These are dilating ever on the rape of Ganimedes , Lais in Euripides . Beautie is their object , and Vanitie their subject . White teeth , rolling eyes , a beautifull complexion ( an exteriour good ) being that which Euryala praised , when shee washed the feet of Vlysses , namely , Gentle speech , and tender flesh . Thus are their tongues tipt with vanitie , their desires ayming at sensualitie , and their delights engaged to fleshly libertie . Amongst the Romans , Venus or Cous was the best chance at dice : And no chance , ( till some heavie mischance over-take them ) more happie in their opinion , than to receive a loving smile or cheerefull aspect from their terrestriall Venus . Some Countries I haue read of , whose naturall basenesse , being given to all avarice , induced them to dis-esteeme all respects in this kinde , and to make merchandize of their womens honour . Such are the women of Sio reported to be , who are reputed for the most beautifull Dames of all the Greekes in the world , and greatly given to Venery . Their Husbands are their Pandors , and when they see any stranger arrive , they will presently demand if hee would have a mistresse : and so they make whores of their owne wives , and are contented for a little gaine to weare hornes : such are the base minds of ignominious Cuckolds . Here is a dangerous I le for our amorous Gallant , who makes his Travell ( with griefe I speake it ) too oft the ruine of himselfe and his estate . Happie are those ( but too few are those ) who with wise Ithacus stop their eares to these Soule-tainting and Sin-tempting Syrens . Yet some there are , and some there have beene ever ( I perswade mee ) whose noble conquests over themselves and their owne desires , have seconded , if not surpassed those many conquests which they atchieved in foraine Nations . As the admirable continencie of Alexander the Great , in sparing Darius wife and his three daughters . The continencie of Scipio during the space of foure and twentie yeeres , wherein his prosperous exploits could purchase him no more glory , than in the besieging and taking of a Citie in Spaine , he gained him renowne , by repressing his flame of Lust , when a beautifull Maid was brought him : restoring her with a great reward to Allancius , a Celtiberian Lord , to whom she was espoused . No lesse worthy was that part of Marius , who having Sylla's wife and sisters in his power , sent them nobly , unattempted . An example of like continencie might be instanced in Solyman the Magnificent , towards the faire * Greeke ; whom , albeit he entirely loved , yet to shew unto his Peeres , a princely command of himselfe and his affections ; as he had incensed them before by loving her , so he regained their love by sleighting her ; whence the Poet : With that He drew his Turkish Symeter , Which he did brandishore the Damsells head ; Demanding of such Ianizers were there , If 't were not pitie shee'sd be slaughtered ? Pitie indeed ; but I perforce must doe That which displeaseth me , to pleasure you . Many such instances , ancient and moderne Histories afford , but I must not insist on each particular , lest I should enlarge my selfe too much in this Branch . My exhortation shall be to such , whose unmellow yeeres crave instruction , that they would betake themselves to employment : for Idlenesse maketh of men , women , of women , beasts , of beasts , monsters . And amongst employments , ever mix such Readings as may minister matter , either Divine , or Morall , to allay the heat of this distempered passion . We reade of the Roman Stilpho , that albeit he was naturally addicted to all incontinencie , yet by reading certaine precepts of Morall Philosophie , he became an absolute commander of his owne affections . Hate to consent to that , which so transformes man , as hee wholly loseth the true title of man , and becommeth meerely bestiall . Nos qui accepimus rationis lucem communem cum Angelis , non transiamus vitam in silentio cum pecoribus . Thou art beautified with an Angelicall feature ; let it not participate of any inferiour creature . To be short , art thou a Gentleman ? beare that posture still : staine not a native glory with an infamous blemish . This vice of all others , derogates most from Honour : for we commonly say , Such whose lightnesse incurres scandall , to have lost their Honour . O let not the Honour of a generous minde suffer eclypse , for a minutes pleasure ! Lais asking of Demosthenes so much for one Nights-lodging , he presently replyed : I will not buy repentance at so deare a rate . Dearer is the rate of shame , than of Come . Prize Honour at that estimate , as the height of pleasure may never have power to surprise it . Canna , wife to Synattus , whom one Synoris , of greater authoritie than Synattus , loved : making no small meanes to obtaine her love , yet all in vaine ; supposed the readiest way for effecting his desire to be the death of her Husband , which hee performed . This done , he renewed his suit , to which shee seemingly consented . But being solemnly come into the Temple of Diana for celebrating the Nuptials , shee had a sweet potion ready , which shee drunke to Synoris , wherewith they both were poisoned , to revenge her Husbands death . Here is a Pagan patterne of inimitable continencie ; who rather than shee would consent to contract Mariage with her Husbands foe , disvalued all future hope of preferment , yea embraced Death , as a happie Agent of her intended revenge . The wise ( saith that sententious Philosopher ) may gather gold out of dung ; which may be thus applyed . The wise Christian , may cull excellent flowers from an Ethnicke garden : for the Envious man he is the Spider , which sucks poison from the fragrant'st and freshest Flowers . I will conclude this point , and intreat the generous affected , whose glory should be Vertues Bootie , and whose best beauty to be enriched by her bounty ; to make Vertue their Prize , being so praise-worthy of her selfe , as shee needs no outward praise . To purchase which incomparable blessing , I could wish , Gentlemen , that your resort to eminent places be more spare , till you finde in your selves an aptnesse to resist , if any vnchaste motion make assault . Yet good it were not to presume , upon one single triall : for the disposition may be more temperate at one time than another ; and the assault also more perillous . To court Beautie is an enterprize of danger : for some I have knowne , who upon their accesse to Beautie , have beene free-men , who upon their returne , became slaves . But you will object ; to vanquish where there is no assault made , is a weake conquest ; True , but to play with the candle till we suffer our wings to be cing'd , is a greater folly . I would not hazard my honour upon those termes , as by affronting temptation , to be caught . To conclude this Branch , as the substance of the Soule is pure , so this masse of flesh is corrupt : staine not the puritie of the former , by conversing with the latter : for to parley with so subtill an enemy , is to give way to his policy . Observing these , you shall goe to your graves with Honour ; not to the graves of Lust , the Sepulchres of shame , and receptacles of corrupted love . We will now descend to the second Maladie incident to Youth ; that Eagle-soaring passion , Ambition . THose who are affected to this , vse to say with Tiridates in Tacitus : Sua retinere , privatae domus , de alienis cer●are regia laus est . These can never confine themselves to their owne , raising their hopes above possibilitie : but are building airie castles , of purpose to confront greatnesse . We shall never heare them talke of any subject save soveraigntie or dominion . One termed an Empire , a monstrous and untamed beast ; and so may this Passion be well defined : whose aime is onely to purchase glory , albeit her aymes be planted on indirectest termes . We reade how Pa●sanias killed Philip of Macedon only for fame or vain-glory : so did Herostratus burne the Temple of Diana at Ephesus , with this resolution : because he could not by any act of renowne eternize his memory , he would gaine him fame , though by an act of infamie . How violent these Ambitious heads are , and have beene ever , there is scarce any State which hath not felt : where civill wars have menaced no lesse danger to the State , than forraine powers ; private factions , than open hostilitie . In some likewise , so deepe impression hath Ambition wrought , as the Envie which they conceive at others greatnesse , deprives them of all rest : This appeared in Themistocl●es , who walked in the Night-time in the open street , because he could not sleepe : The cause whereof , when some men did enquire , he answered , that the triumph of Miltiades would not suffer him to take his rest . The like height of Ambition shewed Alexander , weeping bitterly to see his father win so fast before him , fearing nothing should remaine for him to conquer . Now , how naturally Youth is affected to this illimited motion , may be observed even in usuall games ; where Youth , rather than hee will endure the foile , exposeth himselfe to all encounters . It is glory which he aimes at , and before he lose it , he will hazard himselfe for it . His Prize is his praise : he values nothing more than to get him a name , which may brute his renowne , and gaine him respect with his Dearest . His disquiet , ( for what is Ambition , but a Distraction of the mind ? ) as to affect that best , which doth afflict him most . Augustus had broken sleepes , and used to send for some to passe the Night away , in telling tales , or holding him with talke . See the misery of Ambitious spirits , whose ends are without end , limiting their desires to no other period then sole soveraigntie . Their ayrie thoughts ( like Icarus wings ) are ever mounting , till the Sunne , which they threatned , dissolve them . Inferiour taskes they as much sleight , as Eagles doe Flies : they love not to stoope to basenesse , when many times lowest fortunes entertaine them with no lesse discontent , than despaire can force them to . And in their lowest ebbe , when Hope forsakes them , and their neerest ( like Tiberius friends ) shrinke from them , and no comfort remaines , save expectance and sufferance of all extremities ; you shall heare them upbraid Prince or State ; relating ( with much vain-glory ) what dangers they have undergone for them . Instance whereof , even in these latter times , might be produced ; as in that Ambitious French-man , the brave Byron , who seeing no way but one , burst out into these violent extremes : I have received three and thirtie wounds of my body , to preserve it for him , and for my reward , he takes my head from my shoulders : He now quencheth the torch in my bloud after hee hath used it . This is the condition of high spirits , whose aimes were transcendent , to close up their Tragicall scene with a vain-glorious boast of what they have done : little considering , how their Countrie might lawfully exact and expect as much as was in them to performe , a●● they still debtours to her , because they had their being from her . Yet see ( though sometimes they stand upon termes of resolution , desiring to die standing ; ) when the sentence of death is pronounced , and all future hope extinguished , they will be ( as that great French-man was ) Supple as a glove : presenting their heads ●s willingly to the sword , as Agis did his unto the halter . It is strange to note , how these men walke in clouds , imagining themselves most secure , when imminencie of perill assures them nothing lesse . The reason whereof may seeme to be this ; they flatter themselves in their vanitie , as Pigmalion with his Image , or Narcissus with his Shadow ; reposing more confidence in their owne valour ; and the aide , which ( Themistocles or Pausanias-like ) they contract abroad , linking and uniting themselves with forraine powers , than on all the information of friends , or the perswasions of a loyall and uncorrupted heart . But these ( as that Heroick Prince noted ) must bow or breake : be their persons never so hopefull , or directions behovefull to the State , they must be curbed , or the State endangered . Their proprietie is ever to swim in troubled waters : nor can they endure to be mated . Though their aimes bee to perpetuate their greatnesse , yet those Beasts , which are bred about the River Hypani● , and live but one day , may oft-times compare with them for continuance : whence the Poet saith excellently , out of his owne observation : Much have I seene , yet seldome seene I have , Ambition goe gray-headed to his grave . There is nothing which the Ambitiou● man hates so much as a corrivall ; he hopes to possesse all , and without a sharer . But so indirect are his plots , and so insuccessive their end , as hee findes to his great griefe , that the promise of securitie had no firme foundation to ground on : nor his attempts that issue they expected . Now Gentlemen , you , whose better parts aime at more glorious ends , so confine your desires to an equall meane , that mounting too high bring you not to an irreparable fall . Wee are borne indeed ( as that divine Father saith ) to be Eagles , and not Iayes , to fly aloft , and not to seek our food on the ground : but our Eagle eyes are to be fixed on the Sunne of righteousnesse , not on temporall preferments . We are to soare to the Tower from whence commeth our helpe . For it is not lifting up a mans selfe God likes , but lifting up of the spirit in prayer . Here are wings for flying , without feare of falling : for other aymes , they are but as feathers in the aire ; they delude us , howsoever they seeme to secure us . But I heare some young Gentleman object , that it is a brave thing to be observed in the eye of the world ; to have our persons admired , our selves in publike resorts noted , yea our Names dispersed ! indeed I grant ; He who consists on nothing more than showes ; Thinkes it is brave to heare , Loe there he goes ! But such , whose solid vnderstandings haue instructed them in higher studies , as much disvalue popular opinion , or the Corkie conceits of the vulgar , as the Nobilitie scornes to converse with any thing unworthy it selfe . Their greatnesse hath correspondence with goodnesse : for esteeme of the world , as in respect of their owne worth they deserue it , so in contempt of all outward glory they disvalue it . Come then ( yee nobly affected Gentlemen ; ) would yee be heires of honour , and highly reputed by the Highest ? Resemble the Nature of the Highest : who humbled himselfe in the forme of Man , to restore miserable man ; vilifying himselfe , to make man like himselfe . It is not , beleeve it , to shine in grace or esteeme of the Court , which can ennoble you : this glory is like glasse , bright but brittle : and Courtiers ( saith one ) are like Counters ; which sometime in account goe for a thousand pound , and presently before the Count bee past , but 〈◊〉 single pennie . It is more glory to be in the Courts of the Lord , to purchase esteeme with him , whose judgement never erres , and whose countenance never alters . It is reported by Commine , in his French Annals , that Charles , whom he then served , was of this disposition , that he would make assay of the greatest matters , revolving in his mind how he might compasse them : yea perchance ( saith he ) assayes farre above the strength of man. See the picture of an Ambitious spirit , loving ever to be interessed in affaires of greatest difficultie . Camelion-like on subtill ayre he feeds , And vies in colours with the checkerd meeds . Let no such conceits transport you , lest repentance finde you . It is safer chusing the Middle-path , than by walking or tracing vncouth wayes , to stray in your iourney . More have fallen by presumption , than distrust of their owne strength . And reason good ; for such who dare not relie on themselves , give way to others direction ; whereas too much confidence , or selfe-opinionate boldnesse will rather chuse to erre , and consequently to fall , than submit themselves to others judgement . Of this opinion seemed Velleius the Epicurean to bee , of whom it is said ; that in confidence of himselfe hee was so farre from feare , as hee seemed not to doubt of any thing . A modest or shamefast feare becomes Youth better : which indeed ever attends the best or affablest natures . Such will attempt nothing without advice , nor assay ought without direction : so as their wayes are secured from many perills , which attend on inconsiderate Youth . My conclusion of this point shall be in a word ; that neither the rich man is to glory in his riches , the wise man in his wisdome , nor the strong man in his strength : for should man consider the weaknesse and many infirmities whereto he is hourely sub●ect hee would finde innumerable things to move him to sorrowing , but few or none to glory in . Againe , if he should reflect to the consideration of his Dissolution , which , that it shall bee , is most certaine , but when it shall be , most vncertaine : he would be forced to stand upon his guard with that continuall feare , as there would be no emptie place left in him for pride . This day one proud , as prouder none , May lye in earth ere day be gone . What confidence is there to be reposed in so weake a foundation ; where to remaine ever is impossible , but quickly to remove , most probable ? Then ( to use Petrarchs words ) be not afraid though the house , the Bodie be shaken , so the Soule , the guest of the Body , fare well : for weakning of the one addeth for most part strength to the other . And so I come to the last passion or perturbation incident to Youth . REvenge , is an intended resolve arising from a conceived distaste either justly or unjustly grounded . This Revenge is ever violent'st in hot blouds , who stand so much upon termes of reputation , as rather than they will pocket up the least indignitie , they willingly oppose themselves to extremest hazard . Now this unbounded fury may seeme to have a two-fold relation : either as it is proper and personall ; or popular and impersonall . Revenge proper or personall , ariseth from a peculiar distaste or offence done or offered to our own person ; which indeed hath ever the deepest impression . Which may be instanced in Menelaus and Paris ; where the honour of a Nuptiall bed , the Law of Hospitalitie , the professed league of Amitie , were joyntly infringed . Or in Antonie and Octavius ; whose intestine hate grew to that height , as Antonies Angell was afraid of Octavius Angell . Which hatred , as it was fed and increased by Fulvia , so was it allayed and temp●red by Octavia : though in the end it grew irreconciliable ; ending in bloud , as it begun with lust . Revenge popular or impersonall , proceedeth extrinsecally , as from factions in Families , or some ancient grudge hereditarily descending , betwixt House and House , or Nation and Nation . When Annibal was a childe , and at his fathers commandement , he was brought into the place where he made sacrifice ; and laying his hand upon the Altar , swore , that so soone as he had any rule in the Common-wealth , he would be a professed enemie to the Romans . Whence may be observed , how the conceit of an injury or offence received , worketh such impression in that State or Kingdome where the injury is offered , as Hate lives , and survives the life of many ages , crying out with those incensed Greekes ; The time will come when mightie Troy must fall , Where Priams race must be extinguish'd all . But wee are principally to discourse of the former Branch , to wit , of proper or personall Revenge : wherein wee shall observe sundry Occurrents right worthy our serious consideration . That terme ( as I said before ) usually called Reputation , hath brought much generous bloud to effusion : especially amongst such , Qui magis sunt soliciti vani nominis , quàm propriae salutis : Prizing vain-glory above safetie , esteeme of valour above securitie of person . And amongst these , may I truly ranke our Martiall Duellists , who many times upon a Taverne quarrell are brought to shed their dearest bloud , which might have beene employed better in defence of their Countrey , or resistance of proud Infidels . And what is it which moves them to these extremes ; but ( as they seeme to pretend ) their Reputation is engaged , their Opinion in the eye of the world called in question , if they should sit downe with such apparant disgrace ? But shall I answer them ? The opinion of their valour indeed is brought in question , but by whom ? not by men of equall temper , or maturer judgement , who measure their censures , not by the Last of rash opinion , but just consideration . For these cannot imagine how Reputation should be brought in question , by any indiscreet terme uttered over a pot , whereof perchance the Speaker is ignorant , at least what it meant : But of these distempered Roisters , whose only judgement consists in taking offence , and valour in making a flourish ; of these , I have seene One in the folly of my youth , but could not rightly observe till my riper age : whose braving condition ( having some young gooselin to worke on ) would have made you confident of his valour : instancing what dangerous exploits hee had attempted and atchieved , what single fields hee had pitched , and how bravely he came off : yet on my conscience , the Battell of the Pygmeies might have equall'd his , both for truth and resolution . Yet I have noted such as these , to be the Bellowes which blow the fire of all uncivill quarrells ; suggesting to young Gentlemen ( whose want of experience makes them too credulous ) matter of Revenge : by aggravating each circumstance to enrage ●heir hot bloud the more . Some others there are of this band , which I have likewise observed : and they are taken for grave Censors or Moderators , if any difference occur amongst Young Gentlemen . And these have beene Men in their time , ( at least accounted so ) but now their fortunes falling to an ebbe , having drawne out their time in expence above their meanes , they are enforced ( and well it were if Misery forced them not to worse ) to erect a Sconce , whereto the Roarers make recourse , as to their Rendevou : And hereto also resorts the raw and unseasoned Youth , whose late-fallen patrimonie makes him purchase acquaintance at what rate soever : glorying much to be esteemed one of the fraternity . And he must now keep his Quarter , maintaine his prodigall rout with what his Parcimonious ●a●her long carked for ; prepare his Rere-suppers , and all this , to get him a little knowledge in the Art of roaring . And by this time , you may suppose him to have attained to some degree , so as he can looke bigge , erect his Mouc●atoes , stampe and stare , and call the Drawer Rogue , drinke to his Venus in a Venice-glasse , and to moralize her Sex , throwes it over his head and breakes it . But for all this , he hath not fully learned his postures : for upon discourse of valour , he hath discovered his Cowardize ; and this gives occasion to one of his Cumrades to triumph ore his weaknesse . Who entring upon termes of Reputation , and finding himselfe wrong'd , he would gladly wipe off all aspersions , and gaine him opinion in the eye of the world : but recalling to mind , the dangers incident to Quarrells , he thinkes it best to repaire to that Grand Moderator ( whose long experience hath made his opinion authenticke ) to receive satisfaction , whether hee may put up the injury offered him , without touch of disgrace . Now he must be feed for his opinion , ( as if he were some grave legall professour : ) which done , his reply must tend to the defini●tion of a wrong , and what the law of valour holds fo● satisfaction in actions of that nature . Againe , ( for still he workes on this Young-gallants weaknesse ) how the world esteemes his Opponent to be a brave sparke ; one , whose spirit cannot be daunted , nor fury appeased with lesse than bloud : drawing him in the end by some Rhetoricall perswasion ( as nothing more smooth than the oyly tongue of an insinuating foist ) to some base composition , whereof he and his complices are made equall sharers . Now Gentlemen , I could likewise produce certaine wofull occurrents , which have befallen some of your ranke and qualitie , and that within these few yeares , by consorting with such Grand Cutters : who pressing them to offence , could not endure such affronts , but with ●●solution ( which ever attends a generous spirit ) encountring them , have been utterly overthrowne , either in doing or suffering . But you will aske me , how should this be prevented ? Can any Gentleman suffer with patience his Reputation to be brought in question ? Can he endure to be challenged in a publike place , and by that meanes incurre the opinion of Coward ? Can he put up disgrace without observance , or observing it , not revenge it , when his very Honour ( the vitall bloud of a Gentleman ) is impeached ? Heare me , whosoever he be that frameth these Objections ! I am not ignorant how many unjust and immerited aspersions shal be throwne upon men of eminent'st desert , by such , whose tongues are ever steeped in calumnie : But who are these , save such as the glory of Greece ( the everliving Homer ) displayeth in the contemptuous person of Thersites ; whose character was , More deformed in minde than bodie ? Their infamous and serpentine tongues inured to detraction , deserve no other Revenge , ( next legall punishment ) save avoiding their company , and bruting their basenesse in all Societies , where their names are knowne , to caution others of them . I am spoken evill of ( saith Seneca ) but the evill speake it : I should be moved , if M. Cato , if wise Lelius , or the two Scipio's should speak this of me ; but it is praise for mee , to have the evill displeased with mee . It is true ; for as no imputation can truly be said to staine a pure or undefiled soule , whose inward sinceritie ( like a brazen Wall ) beats backe all darts of envie or calumnie ; so it is not in the power of the evill to detract from the glory of the good : for what then should remaine secure from aspersion of the vicious ? But I imagine , you will reply ; it is not only the report or scandall of these men of uncurbed tongues , ( for so Pindarus termes them ) but of such , whose eminent esteeme in the world , gives approbation to what they speake , which awakes my Revenge . If they be as you terme them , Men of eminent esteeme , and that esteeme by merit purchased , ( for all other estimation I exclude it : ) I need little doubt , but the distaste which you conceive against them , hath proceeded in some part from your selfe ; and that upon maturer consideration you should find your owne bosome guiltie to the cause of these aspersions . If otherwise it happen , ( as I grant it may ) that upon private surmises , or suggestions derived from some factious heads , these men of more eminent note and esteeme have brought your name in question , because ( as they were informed ) you formerly aspersed a blemish upon their Honour : I would not have you to erre so farre from your owne judgment , as without further discussing the cause , to fall into desperat extremes : for were it not much better for you to sift the cause , how you both are abused , whereby that base suggestour might be duely censured , and your wrongs mutually redressed , than to vow Revenge ere an injury be offered ? Yes Sir , beleeve it , much better and safer , and in the opinion of discreet men , wiser : howsoever our hare-brain'd Gallant , whose property is to act before he resolve , esteeme it a derogation to ex●postulate on termes of disgrace , but to publish war ere the league be broken . We account him who can beare the most , to be the strongest ; yet esteeme we him who can beare injuries most , to be the weakest ; so ill disposed is mans temper , as for an opinion of Reputation , hee will incurre apparant errour . Now there is another Revenge , which proceedeth from a nature farre more inglorious than the former . And that is , when for some little distaste conceived against our inferiour , ( even in worldly respects ) wee labour his undoing : yea many times , because hee stands too resolutely for right , wee threaten his ruine : But true shall we finde it : As the high doe use the low , God will use the highest so . And this might appeare in poore Naboth , who because he would not give the Inheritance of his Fathers , his Vine-yard , he must be stoned . But of this Revenge I am not to insist ; for this is an evill more properly inherent to our rich oppressours , who grind the face of the poore , and raise them an house to their seldom thriving Heires out of others ruine . Only my wish shall be , that their dwelling may be with Owles and Ostridges in the wildernesse , and not in the flowry borders of this Iland , lest shee be forced to vie sighes for their sinnes . I might now in this Subject of Revenge , inlarge my discourse by speaking of Anger , from whence Revenge may seeme to receive her originall being : which Anger the Poet termes a short fury : Anger is madnesse , and as strong In force , but not in course so long . For what differs an angrie man from a mad-man , save onely in this ; his violence of passion continues not so long : for the time it is as vehement and as violent . Excellent therefore was that precept of Moderation given and observed by that renowned Emperour Theodosius , drawne ( as may appeare in the like example of Augustus ) from a former patterne : of whom it is written , that he would never in his anger proceed to Revenge , or so much as shew any argument of distaste , till hee had repeated over the foure and twentie Greeke letters . But to conclude this last Branch , my exhortation to all young Gentlemen shall be , whose high spirits cannot endure affronts , that they would labour to expostulate with passion ; which if once protracted , will be sooner tempered , meditating also of these divine places of Scripture : which receits are indeed most powerfull and effectuall to allay this Passion . We that are by nature children of wrath , ought to give place unto wrath . For the wrath of man doth not accomplish the righteousnesse of God. Yea , we ought to imitate God , which if we will doe , we must not continue in wrath , knowing , God will not contend , nor be wroth for ever . Hee is slow to anger . Yea , every man ought to be slow to wrath : For it is wisdome . If we will joyne in the true Lovers knot , we must not be angry , for , true Love is not provoked to anger . And if we will prevent the effect , we are to avoid the occasion ; therefore are we taught to have no familiaritie , neither strive with an angrie man. Would wee appease anger ? we must doe it by meeknesse . Lastly , may we be angrie ? Yes , but how ? Be angrie , but sinne not . Let not the Sunne goe downe upon your wrath . Neither give place to the Devill . Thus have we runne over all those predominant humours , which beare most sway in distempered Youth . Let us now , according to our former purpose , proceed in applying certaine Receits to cure these dangerous Maladies . Which briefly ( to avoid all curious divisions ) may be reduced to these two : Active and Contemplative . The one in exercising and performing the offices of our Calling : The other in practising workes of pietie , exercises of Devotion , Meditation , Contemplation . For the former , to wit , Active , everie action hath two handles ( to use the Philosophers words ; ) the one whereof consists in plotting or contriving ; the other in effecting . Without the former , the latter is precipitate ; and without the latter , the former is frustrate : but both concurring , the Action becomes absolute . But to speake generally of Action , as it is the represser , so Idlenesse is the producer of all vice . Whence came that ancient Edict amongst the Romans , mentioned by Cicero ; that no Roman should goe thorow the streets of the Citie , unlesse he carried with him the badge of that Trade whereby he lived . In so much that Marcus Aurelius speaking of the diligence of the Romans , writeth ; That all of them followed their labour . Now Gentlemen , I perswade my selfe , you will most of you object and say with the displaced Steward in the Gospell , We cannot digge : ( and I could wish that many of our eminent ones , would adde unto it , and to begge we are ashamed . ) It is true indeed ; I know your Breeding hath beene otherwise ; but admit you cannot dig , doe yee inferre hence that yee are exempted from all labour ? In no case are you so to argue . There are other Taskes , other employments besides Manuall and Mechanicke labours , which require your furtherance . And these are Forraine or Domesticall : Forraine , as to benefit your Countrey by rare Discoveries , reconveying the rich freight of knowledge ( by conference with forraine Nations ) to your Native soile : or by personall adventure , to stand resolutely in defence of the Faith , against those profest enemies of Christendom , the Turks ; whose furie and hostile crueltie , the Easterne parts ( to our great griefe be it spoken ) have alreadie wofully sustained . Domesticall ; as in studying the practice of Lawes , or other humane studies , in labouring to determine differences betwixt partie and partie , in chastising and due censuring , ( as farre as their callings give leave ) of such factious or litigious Sectists , as either in Church or Common-weale disturbe the quiet of the Realme , and distract the State with frivolous or fruitlesse ambiguities . Here are Labours fit to entertaine Gentlemen , and nought derogating from men of eminentest descent or qualitie . For in Actions of this nature haue the best and most renowned States and Princes in Christendome beene trained and exercised : glorying no lesse in the happie and successive management thereof , than in subduing the potent'st and flourishing'st Kingdomes . Secondly , for the Contemplative , which participates more of the minde : I could wish all Gentlemen ( as they claime a prerogative in height of bloud ) so to erect their Contemplations above the Sphere of these lower and inferiour Mortalls , whose cogitations pressed downe with the rubbish and refuse of earthly preferments , cannot distinguish light from darknesse : that they may imagine ( as in truth they ought ) that whatsoever is sought besides God , may possesse the minde , but cannot satisfie it . Now , of all exercises of Devotion , I must principally commend Prayer ; being ( as one excellently noteth ) to be numbred amongst the chiefest and choisest workes of Charitie . For by Prayer are digged forth those treasures , which faith beholdeth in the Gospell : being Gods Sacrifice , Mans Solace , and the Devills scourge . For the time and place of Prayer , I will not insist much of it ; howsoever , divers more curiously than profitably , precisely than wisely , have quarrelled about the place : excluding withall , some places as unfit for Prayer . But in a word , for the place of Prayer or Devotion , this shall be my conclusion ; as there is no place exempted from tempting , so there is no place excepted from praying : and for the time , as we are continually assaulted , so are wee exhorted to pray continually , that we may be the better provided to resist those temptations which are usually suggested . Amongst those many devout and divine Prayers commended to Youth , none more needfull or effectuall than that of the Psalmist : Remember not the sinnes of my youth . Nor any Memoriall more powerfull , than that of the Preacher : Remember thy Creator in the dayes of thy youth . For by the Latter are we put in mind of him , whose grace is to preserve us from sinne ; and by the Former to call on him , whose mercie it is to forgive sinne . Now Gentlemen , have I composed and perfected what I purposed touching my first Observance , entituled Youth . Wherein I have inlarged my selfe so much the more for two principall respects : The One , lest by being unprovided you should flie away naked ( as the young-man in the Gospel ) wanting sufficient instruction to informe your weaker understandings : which moved me to amplifie each particular Subject with varietie of Morall reading ; because I knew how such discourse would relish more pleasantly to a Young-mans palate , than graver or more serious matter . The other , lest wanting a convenient foundation to worke on , the maine building might shrinke . Now , this I purposely framed for the Basis or ground-work , the rest as Stories , which are made to beautifie the foundation : for in these Observances ensuing I intend brevitie , yet with such perspicuitie , as the Gentleman to whom I write , may the better understand himselfe , and direct his courses to that Bent of Honour , whereto all generous actions are directed . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Of the diversitie of Dispositions ; The Disposition is not to be forced ; What Disposition is most generous . DISPOSITION . HOw different the Dispositions of men be , our usuall converse and commerce with men may sufficiently instruct us . Yea even in Youth , where the first Seeds of inclination are sowne , we shall observe such Diversitie , as the grasse-piles of the earth may scarce vie with them for varietie , the starres or sands for multiplicitie . Where you shall note some Youths of such wel-affected or tempered Dispositions , as they shew undoubted arguments of future good : and these are such , whose Natures are rather to be cherished than chastised , cockered than curbed : for the least distaste which their guardian or Tutour can shew , workes such impression in them , as they could willingly choose rather to suffer his correction than his distaste . Others there be , whose perverse and refractory Natures are not to bee dealt withall upon equall termes : and these are the very Antipodes to those well-tempered Dispositions which wee spake of before : for they ever walke in a contrary path , directly opposite to such , whose native Affability gains them love by an inbred courtesie . These ( Diogenes-like ) are ever entring the Temple , when others goe forth ; or repairing to the Market , when others come from it . And these must taste of sharper censure ; for Lenitie will not prevaile , therefore rigour must . The like may be observed even in their Dispositions to Learning : where wee shall finde Some apt enough to get , and as apt to forget : Others more solide ; though for the present slow , yet more retentive . And these , as with hardnesse they get it , so hardly will they lose it ; for their difficultie in gaining , is supplied by a facilitie in retaining . Likewise , as the principall workes or faculties of our understanding be three ; first to Discourse , secondly to Distinguish , thirdly to Choose : we shall also observe an admirable difference in these , in respect of their distinct Qualities . Where we shall finde one as apt to discourse , as unable to distinguish or choose ; and such an one hath all his judgement in his tongue . Another of greater depth and maturer judgment than the former , more able to distinguish or choose , than apt to discourse : for though he want facilitie of utterance ( which want is generally supplyed by more excellent gifts ) yet so quick and subtill is the piercing eye of his judgement , as he is no lesse prompt in conceiving , than slow in uttering . Now to treat of the Dispositions of mens mindes ; it is strange to see what difference appeares in them , ( even by naturall and infusive motion . Rome brought forth the Pisoes for frugalitie , the Metelli for pietie , the Appii for austeritie , the Manlii for affabilitie , the Lelii for wisdome , and the Publicolae for courtesie . Which conditions appeared so lineally in their Successours , as they seemed representers of their Ancestours natures , as well as features . Yet what reason can be given touching these distinct affections , save those prime seeds sowne in them by Nature , which produce not onely these Dispositions in themselves , but dilate or propagate their effects in others , to wit , those in whom they have stamped a likenesse both of image and condition . Now to collect or gather , how men are affected , there is no course more direct , or in it selfe lesse erring , than to observe what delights they affect , or what company they frequent . Augustus being at a combat , discerned the inclinations of his two daughters , Iulia and Livia , by the company which frequented them ▪ for grave Senators talked with Livia , but riotous persons with Iulia. Truth is , we shall ever se● persons of like condition love to consort together , for their qualitie or equalitie rather of Disposition moves a desire of familiaritie one with another . Likewise for delights , wee shall ever observe such , whose lighter Dispositions affect Libertie , to be frequenters of publike meetings , Agents in May-games , profest lovers of all sensuall pleasures . That Roman Curtezan Semphronia , was noted for her singing , sporting and dancing , wherein shee laboured to shew more art than became a modest woman , with other motives of Licentiousnesse . But in my opinion , there is no one meanes to sift out the Disposition of Man better , than by noting how he beares himselfe in passion , which is of that violence , as many times it discovers him , though his purpose was to walke never so covertly from the eye of popular observance . Should we have recourse to the lives of sundry Tyrants , whose outward appearance or semblance promised much goodnesse : we might finde sufficient matter to confirme this argument . Some whereof ( as Tiberius ) so commonly carried and covered their plots , as none could dive into their thoughts , pretending ever most smoothnesse , when they intended a tempest . Yet if at any time ( as it befell many times ) their Spirits became netled or incensed ; so farre did passion transport them , as they apparantly expressed their Natures , without further Character . Other discoveries may be made , and those are the manifestest of all , how men are affected or disposed when they are least themselves : and this is ( with griefe I speake it , for too highly doth Albion labour of it ) when Man , losing indeed that Name , at least his Nature , becomes estranged from the use of reason , by drowning his understanding with drunkennesse . In high Germanie , the parents of such children as should be married , will see those which should be their sonnes in law to be drunke before them , to see what Disposition they are of , before they marrie their children unto them . For they imagine , if they be subject to any especiall vice , they will then discover it , having no Locke to keepe it secret . Yet in this there are different humours which reigne and rage according to the Disposition of the person subject unto it : as we shall see one lumpish without all conceit ; another jocund and merry , apt for any conceit : one weeping , as if some disastrous fortune had befallen him : another laughing , 〈◊〉 if some merry Scene were presented him . We reade of two distinct conditions in Philip and Alexander , when they were in drinke ; for the one shewed his rage and furie towards his foes , the other to his friends : the one whereof participates of more true generous spirit than the other . For as nothing can be imagined more ignoble , than to triumph over our friend , so nothing relisheth of more resolution , than to shew our spirit ( so it be upon equall termes , and without braving ) upon our Enemie . But would you indeed see the disposition of Man truly discovered , and the veile which kept him from sight , cleare taken away ? Then come to him when he is advanced to place of honour or esteeme ; ( for Promotions declare what men be : ) and there you shall finde him pourtrayed to life . Galba was esteemed in the opinion of all , fit to governe till he did governe . Many have an excellent gift of concealing and shadowing ( which giveth grace to any picture ) so long as they are obscure and private : but bring them to a place of more eminent note , and give a lustre to their obscuritie , you shall view them as perfectly , as if their Bodies were transparant , or windowes were in their bosomes . Here you shall see One unmeasurably haughtie , scorning to converse with these Groundlins ( for so it pleases him to tearme his inferiours ) and bearing such a state , as if he were altered no lesse in person than place . Another , not so proud as he is covetous : for no passion ( as a learned Schooleman affirmeth ) is better knowne unto us than the coveting or desiring passion , which he calls Concupiscible : and such an one makes all his inferiours his Sponges ; and Ostridge-like can digest all metalls . Another sort there are , whose well-tempered natures have brought them to that perfection , as the state which they presently enioy makes them no more proud than the losse of that they possesse would cast them downe . These ( Camillus-like ) are neither with the opinion of Honour too highly erected , nor with the conceit of Affliction too much deiected . As their conceits are not heightned by possessing it , so they lose nothing of their owne proper height by forgoing it . These are so evenly poized , so nobly tempered , as their opinion is not grounded on Title , nor their glory on popular esteeme : they are knowne to themselves , and that knowledge hath instructed them so well in the vanitie of Earth , as their thoughts have taken flight , vowing not to rest till they approach heaven . Pompey being combred with his Honour , exclaimed to see Sylla's crueltie , being ignorant after what sort to behave himselfe in the dignitie he had ; and cried out , O perill and danger never like to have end ! Such is the nature of Noble spirits , as they admire not so much the dignitie of the place to which they are advanced , as they consider the burden which is on them imposed ; labouring rather how to behave themselve in their place , than arrogate glory to themselves , by reason of their place . Neither are these sundrie Dispositions naturally ingraffed in men , meerely produced from themselves , as the affections or Dispositions of our mindes doe follow the temperature of our bodies ; where the Melancholy produceth such , the Cholericke , Phlegmaticke , and Sanguine such and such , according to Humours predominant in that body , whence these affections are derived : but I say , these participate also of the Clime wherein we are . For otherwise , how should our Observations appeare good , which we usually collect in the Survey of other Countries ; noting certaine vices to be most entertained in some especiall Provinces ? As Pride among the Babylonians , Envie among the Iewes , Anger among the Thebans , Covetousnesse among the Tyrians , Gluttonie among the Sidonians , Pyracie among the Cilicians , and Sorcerie among the Aegyptians , to whom Caesar gave great attention , as Alexander was delighted in ●he Brachmans . So as I say , our Dispositions how different or consonant soever , doe not only partake of us , but even of the Aire or temperature of Soile which bred us . Thus we see what Diversitie of Dispositions there is , and how diversly they are affected : Let us now take a view of the Disposition it selfe , whether it may be forced or no , from what it naturally affecteth . THe Philosopher saith , that the Disposition may be removed , but hardly the Habit. But I say those first Seeds of Disposition , as they are Primitives , can hardly be made Privatives : being so inherent in the Subject , as they may be moved , but not removed . Not removed ( objectest thou ! ) Why ; Disposition can be of no stronger reluctance than Nature ; and wee see how much shee may be altered , yea cleare removed from what she formerly appeared . For doe we not ( in the view of humane frailtie ) observe how many excellent wits drained from the very Quintessence of Nature , as apt in apprehending as expressing a conceit , strangely darkned or dulled , as if they had beene steeped in some Lethaean slumber ? Nay doe we not ( in this round Circumference of man ) note divers honest and sincere Dispositions , whose gaine seemed to be godlinesse , and whose glory the profession of a good Conscience , wonderfully altered , becomming so corrupted by the vaine pompe or trifling trash of the world , as they preferre the puddle before the pearle , forsaking Christ for the world ? Doe we not see how uprightly some men have borne themselves all their time without staine or blemish : being all their Youth vertuously affected , all their Middle-age charitably disposed , yet in their Old-age miserably depraved ? Againe , doe we not behold , how many women whose virgin-modestie and Nuptiall-continencie promised much glory to their age ; even then , when the flower of Beautie seemed bloomelesse , so as their very age might make them blamelesse , when their skin was seere , and their flesh saplesse , their breath earthie , and their mouth toothlesse ; then , even then fell these unweldie Beldames to embrace folly , promising longer continuance to Pleasure , than they could by all likelihood unto Nature ? Now tell me how happened this ? Were not these at the first vertuously affected ; if Disposition then could not be forced , how came they altered ? All these rivers of Objections I can drie up with one beame , darting from the reflex of Nature . Thou producest divers instances to confirme this assertion , That Dispositions are to be forced from what they were naturally affected unto . Whereto I answer , That Dispositions in some are resembled ( and not improperly ) unto a Beame cloathed or shadowed with a cloud ; which ( as we see ) sheweth his light sometimes sooner , sometimes later : Or ( as by a more proper Allusion may seeme illustrated ) may be resembled to the first * Flourish in trees , which according to the nature or qualitie of the internall pith , from whence life is diffused to the Branches , send forth their bloomes and blossomes sooner or later . True it is you object , that to the outward appearance , such men shewed arguments of good Dispositions , for they were esteemed men of approved Sanctitie , making Conscience of what they did , and walking blamelesse and unreproveable before all men : but what collect you hence ? That their Dispositions were sincerely good or pure , if Societie had not depraved them ! No , this induction will not hold : it is the Evening crownes the day . What could be imagined better , or more royally promising , than Nero's Quinquennium ? What excellent tokens of future goodnesse ? What apparant testimonies of a vertuous government ? What infallible grounds of princely policie , mixed with notable precepts of pietie ? Yet who knowes not , how all the vices of his Ancestours put together , seemed by a lineall descent to be transferred on him : being the Patterne and Patron of all crueltie , the Author and Actor of all villany , the plotter and practiser of all impietie : so as , if all the titles of crueltie were lost , they might be found in this Tyrant . How then doe you say , that his Disposition was naturally good , but became afterwards depraved and corrupted ? No , rather joyne with me and say , that howsoever his Disposition seemed good during those five yeares , wherein he dissembled with vertue , and concealed those many vices which he professed and possessed afterwards : yet indeed he was the same , though not in shew , yet in heart . Only now the Cloud being dispersed , his tyrannous and inhumane nature became more discovered , acting that in publike , which he had long before plotted in private . For howsoever our Dispositions may seeme forced , from what they naturally or originally were ; it is but a Deception , they remain still the same , though advice and assistance may sometimes prevaile so much with them , as for the time they seeme to surcease and discontinue from their former bent ; but returning afresh , they will Antaeus-like , redouble their strength and become more furious . For resolve me , and shew what may be the effectuallest or powerfullest meanes to remove Disposition , or alter Man most from what he may seeme naturally inclined unto . Can Honour ? No ; for that man , whose inclination is subject to change for any exteriour Title , is not to be ranked amongst these generous spirits , with whom I am onely here to converse . For these admire Titles , and assume a kinde of affected Majestie , to make their persons more observed . But tell mee , what are these whom Honour hath thus transported , expressing state with winkes and nods , as if the whole posture of State●●●sisted ●●●sisted in gesture , but meere Popin-jayes , who glory more in the painting or varnish of Honour , than the true substance of it ? And to speake truth ( as I had never fortune to doat much on an immerited Title , nor gloze with counterfeit greatnesse ) their Dispositions howsoever they seeme to the vulgar eye changed , they are nothing so : for their inclinations were ever arrogantly affected , so as they no sooner became great , than they deblazoned their owne thoughts . Can Riches ? neither ; for such , whose imaginations are erected above earth , scorne to entertaine discourse with ought that may make them worse : all in the world being either fumus or funus , a vanitie or vexation , as the Preacher saith . These conclude , that no Object lesse than Heaven can satisfie their eye ; no treasure lesse than eternitie can answer their desire ; no pleasure save what hath concurrence with felicity , can gaine them true delight . Now for these earthly Moles , who are ever digging , till their graves be digged ; their Dispositions are of baser temper : for they can taste nothing but earthly things . They measure not estate by competence , desiring only so much as may suffice Nature , but by Abundance ; which fares with them as liquor with an Hydropticke man , who , the more he drinkes , the more he thirsts : so the more they have , the more they crave ; making their desires as endlesse , as their aimes effectlesse ; their hopes as boundlesse , as their helpes fruitlesse . When their mouths shall be filled with gravell , and corruption shall enter those houses of clay , for which so much Provision was stored , and so small a share in the end contented . Can Acquaintance ? No ; for if company better me ( by an internall grace working secretly , yet effectually in mee ) my Disposition consented , before such good fruit was produced : if it make me worse , my Disposition , by consenting to suggestion , induced me that I should be therto moved . Yea generally , whosoever is wel-disposed , wil keepe no man company , but either in hope to 〈◊〉 him , or to be bettered by him : as he , whose inclination is vicious and corrupt , leaveth the company hee frequents ever worse than when he found them . For as a * troubled fountain yeelds impure water , so an infected soule vicious actions . Can Travell ? No ; for , give me a man that hath seene Iudasses Lanterne at S. Denisses ; the Ephesian Diana in the Louvre ; the great Vessell at Heydelberge ; the Amphitheatre at Vl●smos ; the Stables of the great Mogol ; or the solemnities of Mecha : yea all the memorable Monuments which the world can afford ; or places of delight to content his view ; or learned Academics , to instruct and enrich his knowledge ; yet are not all these of power to alter the state or qualitie of his Disposition : whence the sententious Flaccus ; To passe the Sea some are inclinde , To change their aire , but not their minde . No ; shouldst thou change aire , and soile , and all , it were not in thy power to change thy selfe : yet as soone thy selfe as thy Disposition , which ever accompanies and attends thee , moving in thee a like or dislike , just as shee is affected . HAving thus proved , that the Disposition is not to be forced ; wee are now to descend to discourse of the Noblest and most generous Disposition : which wee intend to make knowne by certaine infallible markes , which seldome erre in their attendance , being vowed Servants to such as are vertuously affected . The first is Mildnesse ; the second Munisicence ; the third Fortitude or Stoutnesse . Mildnesse is a qualitie so inherent , or more properly individuate to a Gentleman , as his affabilitie will expresse him , were there no other meanes to know him . Hee is so farre from contemning the mea●●● , as his Countenance is not so cheerefull , as his Heart compassionate : though the one be no lesse gracious in promising , than the other generous in his performing . He poizeth the wrongs of the weakest , as if they were his owne ; and vowes their redresse as his owne . He is none of these furly Sirs , whose aime is to be capp'd and congied ; for such Gentilitie tastes too much of the Mushrom . You shall never see one new stept into Honour , but he expects more observance than an Ancient : for though he be but new come from Mint , he knowes how to looke bigge , and shew a storme in his Brow. This Meeknesse admits of Humilitie to keepe her company ; in whose sweet familiaritie she so much glories , as she cannot enioy her selfe without her . And in very deed , there is no Ornament which may adde more beauty or true lustre to a Gentleman , than to be humbly minded ; being as low in conceit , as he is high in place . With which vertue ( like two kinde Turtles in one yoake ) is Compassion ( as I noted before ) linked and coupled : which Compassion hath many times appeared in the renowmedst and most glorious Princes . When Pompeyes head was offered to Caesar , as a most gratefull and acceptable Present , it is reported that hee washed the Head with teares of princely compassion , and inflicted due punishment vpon his Murderers . The like is written of Titus , that Love and Darling of Mankinde , in his taking and destroying of Ierusalem , using these words ; I take God to witnesse , I am not the cause of the destruction of this people , but their sinnes : mixing his words with teares , and tempering his victorious successe with royall moderation . The like is related of Marcus Marcellus , who having won the most flourishing City of Syracusa , stood upon the walls , shedding plenty of teares before he shed any bloud . And this Compassion attracts ever unto it a kinde of princely Maiestie , gaining more love than any other affection . For as proud Spirits , whose boundlesse ambition k●eps them ever afloat , till they sinke downe for altogether , use to triumph in others miseries , till miserie in the end finde them out : so these , in a discreet moderation or noble temper , will never assume more glory to themselves for any exploit , how successively or prosperously soever managed . Such is the native Modestie , wherewith they are endued , as their victories are never so numerous or glorious , as to transport them above themselves . Which Modestie surely becommeth men of all Degrees , but especially men of eminent and noble ranke , to the end they may understand and acknowledge in every action , that there is a God , from whom all things proceed and are derived . Now as there is no glory equall to the command or soveraigntie over our owne passions ; the conquest whereof makes Man an absolute Commander : so there is no ornament which conferres more true or native grace to one ennobled by place or birth , than to put on the Spirit of Meekenesse , being expresly commanded , and so highly commended of God , as the goodnesse thereof is confirmed by a promise ; The meeke shall inherit the earth . So Humilitie is said to purchase Gods favour ; for by that one vertue wee become to have a resemblance of him , whose glory it was to disesteeme all glory to fashion us like unto himselfe . Now how precious may that exquisite Treasure appeare unto us , which conferres so much light on us , as by it wee are brought to know our selves : being strangers , as it were , and aliens unto our selves , till Humilitie tooke off the veile , and shewed man his Anatomie . So rare was this divine vertue , and so few her professors in former time , especially amongst such whose titles had advanced them above inferiour ranke , as the place which they held made them forget the mould whereof they were made . An excellent historicall demonstration wee have hereof , as wee receive it from venerable Bede , who reports 〈◊〉 thus : Aidan a religious Bishop , weeping for King Osuinus , and demanded by the Kings Chaplaine why he wept ; I know ( said he ) that the King shall not liue long : for never before this time have I seene an humble King. Which hapned accordingly , for he was cruelly murdered by Oswin . But ( thanks to him who became humble for us ) wee have in these declining dayes , among so many proud Symeons , many humble Iosephs , whose chiefest honour they make it to abase themselves on earth , to adde to their complement of glory in heaven ; so much sleighting the popular applause of men , as their only aime is to have a sincere and blamelesse conscience in them , to witnesse in that judiciall day for them . These have not ( like those furies of revenge ) hearts full of wrath , but with all meeknesse and long-suffering will rather endure an injurie , than inflict too violent revenge , though they have readie power to effect or performe it . It is reported of Thomas Linacres , a learned English-man , much commended for his sanctitie of life , that when hee heard it read in the fifth Chapter of S. Matthew , Diligite inimicos ; Blesse them that curse you , &c. he brake forth into these words : O amici , aut haec vera non sunt , aut nos Christiani non 〈◊〉 O my friends , either these things are not true , or we are no Christians ! True it is indeed , that so strangely are some men affected , as they tender revenge equally deare as their owne life : their plots are how to circumvent , their traines how to surprize , their whole consultations how to inflict due revenge , where they have alreadie conceived distaste . And these are those Bulls of Basan , who rome and roare , and when the prey falleth , they stare on it , and teare it with their teeth . On these men may that of the Poet be truly verified ; They feare no Lawes , their wrath gives way to might , And what they plot they act , be 't wrong or right . But how farre the Disposition of these men may seeme removed from the meeke and humble affected , whose only glory is to redresse wrong , and render right judgement unto all , there is none but may at the first sight apparantly discerne . For these humble and mildly-affected spirits , stand so firme and irremoveable , as no adversitie can depresse them , no prosperitie raise them above themselves . For adversities , they account them with that excellent Morall , nothing else than exercises to trie them , not to tire them . And for Prosperities , they ●eceive them as they come ; not for much admiring them , as making a profitable use of them ; and with a thankfull remembrance of divine Bountie , blessing God for them . These are those impregnable rockes ( as one aptly compared them ) subject to no piercing ; those greene Bayes in midst of hoarie Winter , never fading ; those fresh Springs in the Sandie Desart , never drying . Whos 's many eminent vertues , as they deserve your imitation , ( Gentlemen ) so especially their Meeknesse , being the first marke I tooke to distinguish true Gentilitie . THe second was Munificence ; that is , to be of a bountifull Disposition , open-handed , yet with some necessary cautions , as to know what we give ; and the worth of that person to whom we give . For without these considerations , Bountie may incline to profusenesse , and Liberalitie to indiscretion . This moved that Mirror of Roman Princes , the Emperour Titus , to keep a Booke of the Names of such , whose deserts had purchased them esteeme , but had not as yet tasted of his Bountie . So as , it is observed of him , that no day came over his head , wherein he exprest not his princely Munificence to such , whose names he had recorded : which , if at any time through more urgent occasions he neglected , he would use these words to such as were about him : O my friends , I have lost this day ! No lesse was the bountie which Cyrus expressed , first in words , but afterward in deeds , to such Souldiers as tooke his part against his grand-father Astiages ; that such as were Foot-men , he would make them Horse-men , and such as were Horse-men , hee would make them ride in their Chariots . It is said of the House of the Agrigentine Gillia , that it seemed as if it had beene a certaine Store-house or repository of all Bountie . Such indeed was the Hospitalitie ( esteemed in this Iland formerly , one of the apparantest Signalls of Gentrie ) which was showne to all such as made recourse to that Mansion . And because I have accidentally fallen into this Discourse , let me speake a word or two touching this neglect of Hospitalitie , which may be observed in most places throughout this Kingdome . What the reason may seeme to be I know not , unlesse riot and prodigalitie , the very Gulfes which swallow up much Gentrie : why so many sumptuous and goodly Buildings , whose faire Frontispice promise much comfort to the wearied Traveller , should want their Masters . But surely I thinke , as Diogenes jested upon the Mindians , for making their gates larger than their Citie ; bidding them take heed , lest the Citie run out at the gates : so their Store-house being made so strait , and their Gates so broad , I much feare me , that Provision ( the life of Hospitalitie ) hath run out at their gates , leaving vast penurious houses apt enough to receive , but unprovided to releeve . But indeed , the reason why this defect of noble Hospitalitie hath so generally possessed this Realme , is their love to the Court. Their ancient Predecessours , whose chiefest glory it was to releeve the hungrie , refresh the thirstie , and give quiet repose to the weary , are but accounted by these sweet-sented Humorists , for men of rusticke condition , meere home-spun fellowes , whose rurall life might seeme to derogate from the true worth of a Gentleman , whose onely humour is to be phantastically humorous . O the misery of errour ! ●ow farre hath vanity carried you astray ( ye generous spirits ) that you should esteeme noble bountie , which consists not so much in Bravery as Hospitality , boorish Rusticitie ? How much are you deluded by apish formalitie , as if the only qualitie of a Gentleman were novell complement ? or as if there were no good in man besides some outlandish congie or salute ? Alas Gentlemen , is this all that can be expected at your hands ? Must your Countrey which bred you , your friends who love you , the poore , whose prayers or curses will attend you , be all deprived of their hopes in you ? No ; rather returne to your Houses , where you may best expresse your Bountie , by entertaining into your bosome , that which perchance hath beene long time estranged from you , Charitie . For beleeve it ( as assuredly yee shall finde it ) that your sumptuous Banquetting , your midnight revelling , your unseasonable rioting ▪ your phantasticke attiring , your formall courting shall witnesse against you in the day of revenge . For behold the Lord commandeth , and he will smite the great house with breaches , and the little house with clefts . Returne therefore before the evill day 〈◊〉 distribute to the Necessitie of the Saints , become good Dispensers of what you have received , that yee may gaine your selves grace in the high Court of Heaven . But as for yee that put farre away the evill day , and approach to the Seat of iniquitie ; Ye that sing to the sound if the Violl , and invent your selves instruments of Musicke , yee shall goe captive with the first that goe captive . O misery ! that Man with so beauteous an Image adorned , with such exquisite ornaments of Art and Nature accomplished , to so high a ranke above others advanced , should delude himselfe so with the shade of vanitie , as to become forgetfull of his chiefest glory ▪ But experience ( I doubt not ) will unseale those eyes which lightnesse and folly have blinded ; till which happie discovery of Youthfull errour , I leave them , and returne to my former Discourse . You may perceive now , how requisite Bountie is for a Gentleman , being an especiall marke ( as I observed before ) whereby we may discerne him . Amongst sundrie other Blessings conferred by God on Salomon , this was not one of the least , in that he gave him a large heart : Not onely abundance of substance and treasure to possesse , but a large heart to dispose . Indeed this is a rare vertue : worldlings there are , who possesse much , but they enjoy little , becomming subject to that which they should command . The difference betwixt the poore wanting , and rich not using , is by these two expressed ; the one Carendo , the other Non fruendo . Of which two , the greater misery is the latter ; for he slaves himselfe to the unworthiest Servitude , being a Servant to obey , where he should be a Master to command . To conclude this point in a word ; if wee ought to shew such contempt to all earthly substance as hardly to entertaine it , much lesse affect it ; let us make it a benefit , let us shew humanitie in it , by making choice of the poore , on whom we may bestow it . This which we waste in rioting , might save many from famishing : let us bestow therefore lesse of our own backs , that we may cloath them ; lesse of our owne bellies , that we may feed them ; lesse of our owne palats , that we may refresh them . For that 's the best and noblest bountie , when our Liberalitie is on such bestowed , by whom there is no hope that it should be required . THe third and last marke whereby a true generous Disposition is distinguished , is Fortitude or stoutnesse : being indeed the argument of a prepared or composed minde , which is not to be dismayed or disturbed by any sharpe or adverse thing , how crosse or contrary soever it come . Excellently is this Fortitude defined by the Stoicks , terming it a vertue which standeth ever in defence of equitie : not doing , but repelling an injurie . Those Heires of true Honour , who are possest of this vertue , dare oppose themselves to all occurrents in defence of reputation ; preferring death before servitude and dishonour . If at any time ( as many times such immerited censures occurre ) they die for vertues cause , they meet death with a cheerefull countenance ; they put not on a childish feare , like that Baendite in Genoa , who , condemned to die , and carried to the place of execution , trembled so exceedingly , that he had two men to support him all the way , and yet he shivered extremely . Or ( as Maldonatus relates ) how he heard of those which saw a strong man at Paris condemned to death , to sweat bloud for very feare : proving out of Aristotle , that this effect may bee naturall . But these , whose generous spirits scorne such basenesse , never saw that enterprise which they durst not attempt , nor that death which could amate them ; where Honour grounded on Vertue , without which there is no true Honour , moved them either to attempt or suffer . But now to wipe off certaine aspersions laid on valour or fortitude : wee are not to admit of all daring Spirits to be men of this ranke : For such , whose Ambition excites them to attempt unlawfull things ; as to depose those whom they ought to serve , or lay violent hand on those whom loyall fidelitie bids them obey ; opposing themselves to all dangers to obtaine their purpose , are not to be termed valiant or resolute , but seditious and dissolute . For unlesse the enterprise be honest which they take in hand , be their Spirits never so resolute , or their minds prepared , it is rashnesse , but no valour , having their actions ever suted by dishonour . Sometimes likewise the enterprize may be good and honest ; the cause for which they encounter with danger , vertuous ; the Agents in their enterprize couragious ; yet the issue taste more of despaire than valour . Example hereof wee have in the Machabees , in the death of Razis one of the Elders of Ierusalem , a lover of the City , and a man of very good report ; which for his love was called a Father of the Iewes . One , who did offer to spend his body and life with all constancie for the religion of the Iewes ; yet being ready to be taken on every side , through the fury of Nicanor ; who so eagerly assaulted and hotly pursued him , he fell on his Sword : yea , when his bloud was utterly gone , he tooke out his owne bowels with both his hands , and threw them upon the people , calling upon the Lord of life and spirit , that he would restore them againe unto him ; And thus he died . Whence Augustine , that devout Father , and most excellent light of the Church , concludeth , that this was done magnè , non benè , more resolutely than rightly : for hee was not to lay violent hand upon himselfe , though there were no hope of safetie , but imminent danger in respect of the furious and bloudy enemie . Now this Fortitude , whereof we here discourse , as it is grounded upon a just foundation , so it never ends in basenesse or rashnesse : in Basenesse , as in not daring ; in Rashnesse , as in too inconsiderately attempting . It is so farre from any act of Despaire , as it hopes so long as it breathes ; for to despaire , is to entertaine the extremest act of feare , which is farre from her condition . Now to discourse of the aime or end whereto all her actions are directed : it is not any peculiar interest which moves true resolution so much as publike good . For such , whose aimes are glorious , are ever conversant in redressing wrongs , ministring comfort both by advice and assistance to such , whose weaknesse hath felt the power of greatnesse . For as in every good man there is naturally implanted a desire of goodnesse ; so in every valiant man there is a native desire to gaine honour by redressing injuries : yea , admit no honour were to accrue unto him by endevouring to right or releeve such as are distressed , yet for vertues sake ( which is a sufficient reward to her selfe ) he undertakes the taske . For Charitie , being a good and a gracious effect of the Soule , whereby mans heart hath no fancie to esteeme , value or prize any thing in this wide world beside or before the care and studie of God ; so inflameth a well-disposed man , as his desire is only to doe good , whereby he might in so doing glorifie God , the beginner and accomplisher of all good . Now there are many motives to excite men to valour , as may be collected from Histories properly and profitably tending to this purpose . But the usuallest motive is Anger , being indeed the Whetstone of Fortitude : Or the Princes presence ; as wee reade of the Macedonians , who being once overcome in battell by their enemies , thought the only remedie to animate their Souldiers , was to carry Philip being then a childe in a cradle to the field ; thereby stirring up the zeale of loyall and faithfull Subjects to defend their innocent Prince : and this Whetstone so sharpned their swords , that indeed they won the battell . Or the renowme of Ancestors ; as the people of Tangia in America alwayes in their warres carried the bones and reliques of their memorable predecessors , to encourage their Souldiers with the memory of them , to avoid and eschew all timiditie . So Tacitus reports how the Germans inflame their spirits to resolution and valour , by singing the memorable acts of Hercules . Or the sound of warlike alarmes ; as the Nairians in India stirre up their people to battell , by hanging at the pu●mels of their swords certaine plates to make a noise , to animate and incense them to warre . So Ale●ander the great hearing Antigenida that excellent ●rumpetter sound his trumpet to battell , was stirred up in such sort to fight , that his very friends were not secure from blowes which stood about him . Or the passionate effects of Musicke ; as S. Basil recounteth one Timothie to be so excellent in Musicke , that if he used a sharpe and severe harmony , he stirred up men to anger , and presently by changing his note to a more remisse and effeminate straine , he moved them to peace : both which effects he once produced in Alexander the great at a banquet . Or opinion of the enemies crueltie ; as in the yeere 1562 appeared in Agria a City in Hungaria , engirt with long siege by Mahomet Bassa with an Army of Turkes amounting to threescore thousand , and battered with sixtie Cannons ; in the Citie were only two thousand Hungarians , who with incredible valour repelled thirteene most terrible assaults : resolved to endure famine , or any extremitie soever , rather than yeeld to their truculent and insatiable desires . Wherefore they never came to parley of truce , but to answer their Enemies fury with Cannons and Calivers . At last , when the Bassa had offered them many favours , they hung over the wall a Coffin , covered with blacke , betwixt two speares , signifying thereby , that in that Citie they would be buried . So the Turkes despaired of successe , and the Hungarians , to their eternall glory and renowne , prevailed : preserving themselves and their Citie , whose libertie they defended from the Turkes 〈◊〉 . And hence I might take occasion to advance with due deserved praise the glorious memory of such , whose resolution hath had no other ayme , than defence of the Truth against those profest foes of Christendome ; who have alreadie taken possession of the Holy Land making the Keepers of that Sacred Sepulchre ( the most blessed Monument that ere was erected on Earth ) to pay them tribute , whose high-swelling pride is growne to that height , as their Empire seemes to labour with her owne greatnesse . O what tender Christian eye can behold these wofull distractions in Christendome , and abstaine from teares ? To see Christian armed against Christian , while the common foe of Christians laughs at these divisions , taking advantage of the time to enlarge his Dominions . O who can endure to see Pagans and Infidels plant , where the blessed feet of our Saviour once trod ? To heare Mahomet called upon , where Christ once taught ? To have them usurpe and prophane those Temples , where he once preached ? To reare them Altars for their false Prophets , where those true Prophets of God once prophesied ? To see Mahomets Oratorie erected , where the Iewish Temple was once seated ? To behold his Palace in the Cathedrall Church of SAN SOPHIA , now become his Seraglia ; where stood once the High-Altar or Communion-Table , and Patriarchall Throne , now made , and so used as a Turkish Moschie , with uncleane hands polluted , by unbeleeving hearts possessed ? alas for sorrow ! that Soveraigntie should so much blind , or desire of command beare so much sway , that Christs * Enemie should get advantage by our discord . O thrice happie ( and may it be soone so happie ) were the state of Christendom , if all civill and unnaturall broiles ( for unnaturall it is for Christian to shed Christians bloud ) were appeased and ended ! that they with one consent might assaile this common Enemie , marching even to Constantinople ( once the glorious seat of a victorious Emperour ) crying with one voice , Downe with it , Downe with it even to the ground . And easily might this be atchieved , if Christendom would joyne minde with might , that this Vncircumcised Philistine might bee discomfited , till which time Christendom can never be secured . But to conclude this Discourse , ( for I feare I have enlarged my selfe too much in my digression ; ) as Fortitude is that 〈◊〉 marke which giveth a Gentleman his true character , shewing resolution as well in suffering , as acting : my exhortation to our English Gentrie shall be , that they so demeane themselves , that their Countrey may be honoured by them , true worth expressed in them , and their Predecessours vertues seconded , if not surpassed by them . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . What Education is ; The effects of it . How a Gentleman may be best enabled by it . EDVCATION . EDucation is the Seasoner or instructresse of Youth , in principles of Knowledge , Discourse , and Action . Of all inferiour knowledges , none more behoovefull than the knowledge of Mans-selfe ; of all superiour , none more usefull nor divinely fruitfull than the knowledge of God , who for Man gave himselfe . By view had of the One , Man shall have a sight of his misery ; by view had to the Other , Man shall finde cause to admire Gods Mercie . Hence that hony-tongued Father desired that his Knowledge might extend it selfe only to these two : To know God ; To know himselfe . Now as the beautie and splendor of the Sun is best discerned by his Beames ; so is the greatnesse of God best apprehended by his Workes . Whereof I may say , as Simonides did of God , that when he had required but one day to resolve what God was : when the day was expired , he was more unable to answer , than at the first . So as Hermes termes the Sun-beames of God to be his Works and Miracles ; the Sun-beams of the World to be the varietie of formes and features ; and the Sun-beames of Man , diversitie of Arts and Sciences . Touching Knowledge , it is in God to know all things ; in Man to know some things : in Beast to know nothing . As we cannot extend to the distinct knowledge of the Creator , so let us extend our knowledge above the reach of the inferiour'st of Gods creatures . It is written of Alcibiades , that hee was skilfull in all things , in all exercises : so that he seemed in every Nation to obtaine the conquest , in what prize or masterie soever he tooke in hand . It is not for us to labour the attaining of such exactnesse : Vnum est necessarium : One only knowledge transcends all others , the attaini●● whereof makes the knower happie ; as the want if makes Man , how knowing soever in all other Sciences , most unhappie . For what skills it to have knowledge in reasoning of high and deepe points concerning the blessed Trinitie , and want Charitie , whereby we offend the Trinitie ? Let us therefore esteem i● the Crowne of our Hope , to attaine to the excellent and incomparable knowledge of him who made us , whose bloud did save us , and whose holy Spirit daily and hourely shields and shadowes us . Next is to know himselfe ; an excellent knowledge grounded on true Humilitie : where Man shall finde how many things he is ignorant of ; and of these things which he knowes , how farre short he comes of that perfection which is required of him . It was a saying of a grave Philosopher , By learning alwayes something , I grow old . Now how fruitfully were our time from Infancie to Youth , from Youth to Man-hood , from Man-hood to Old-age employed , if our aymes were so to direct our knowledge , that we might attaine the understanding and knowledge of our selves . Then would not selfe-conceit transport us , nor opinion of our owne knowledge entrance us , but we would divinely conclude ▪ we have reaped more spirituall profit by dis-esteeme , than selfe-esteeme . Alphonsus of Arragon answered an Orator , who had recited a long Panegyricall Oration in his praise : If that thou hast said consent with truth , I thanke God for it ; if not , I pray God grant me grace that I may doe it . The like temper I could wish in each Gentleman , who in respect of meanes more than merit , shall many times heare himselfe approved and applauded by such Tame-beasts or glozing Sycophants , who feed on the Prodigalls trencher . Let not applause so much transport , or praise so farre remove man from himselfe , as to become ( by the vaine blast of others breath ) forgetfull of himselfe . Humbly esteemed hee of his knowledge , who concluded : This I onely know , that I know nothing . Nothing in respect of that I should know ▪ Nothing in respect of that which is injoyned me to know ; Nothing in respect of others who knew farre more than ere I may know . For ( saith Bernard ) how canst thou possibly be a proficient , if thou thinkest thy selfe alreadie sufficient ? But alas , how farre hath selfe-opinion estranged Man from knowledge of himselfe ; who rather than he will be found ignorant in any thing , will assume upon him a supposed knowledge in every thing ? He will rather lye upon his knowledge , then seeme defective in any knowledge . Whence one speaking of the knowledge of Mans selfe , most divinely concludeth ; Nosce teipsum first descending from Heaven to Earth , is now ascended from Earth to Heaven , leaving miserable Man admiring his owne feature , as if hee were his owne Maker . And whence proceedeth this , but because he hath ascended unto that Mountaine , to which the first Angell ascended , and as a Devill descended ? whereas , if he duely considered those many imperfections whereto he is engaged ; those many debts and bills of errours , which , as yet , are undischarged ; that naturall or originall sinne wherein hee was conceived ; and that actuall sinne wherewith hee is daily polluted ; hee would questionlesse conclude ; What 's man whose first conception's miserie , Birth baine , life paine , and death necessitie ? Which divine Meditation is of power to subdue the whole Man of Sinne , and bring him under the yea●●●● of obedience , by an incessant consideration had of Gods mercie , and mans misery ; which may produce in him a more blessed effect , by extenuating and humbling himselfe , both in respect of the Substance or matter of his creation , and in respect of the irregenerate course of his conversation : as also in contemplating the ineffable mercie of the Almightie ; whose grace it is , that directs miserable man , and reduceth him from erring ; whose compassion it is , that raiseth him from falling ; and whos● tender mercy it is , that supporteth him in his rising . Bu● in my conceit , there is no one motive more effectuall , or divinely powerfull , to bring us to a true and perfect knowledge of our selves , than to observe with what passions or perturbations wee are encountred ; especially when through immoderate excesse , we are in the cup of forgetfulnesse drowned . Which Saint Basil confirmeth , saying : That passions rise up in a drunken man , like a Swarme of Bees buzzing on every side . Which passions are not such as are prevented by reason , and directed by vertue : for these are not altogether to be extinguished , as the Stoicks supposed , but to be provoked as movers of vertue , as Plutarch teacheth . But rather such distemp●red o● indisposed affections as are suggested to Man by his implacable Enemies : labouring to undermine and ruine the glorious palace of his deare bought soule . Vpon which affections seriously to meditate , were to expell all selfe-conceited or opinion● t● arrogance ; to become humble in our owne thoughts : concluding , that our knowledge is ignorance , our strength w●●knesse ▪ and our wisdome foolishnesse . Being ( as one well observeth ) like a Spring-locke , readie of our selves to shut , but not to open ; apter to shut grace from us , than to receive grace into us : or like stones upon the top of a hill , by reason of our heavie and earthie nature , readie enough to tumble downe , but without the helpe or motion of another , slow enough to mount up . Saint Anselme walking abroad in the field , and beholding a Shepheards Boy , who had caught a Bird , and tied a stone to her leg with a threed ; and ever as the Bird mounted , the stone haled her backe againe . The venerable old man moved with this sight , fell a weeping pitifully , lamenting the miserable condition of Man , who endevouring to ascend up to heaven by Contemplation , are detained by the passions of the flesh ; which enforce the soule to lye there like a Beast , and not soare to heaven by that pro●er motion , which was first given her by her Creator . ●ow to conclude this first point , ( by making a fruitfull use or application of what hath beene already spoken ) I could wish Young Gentlemen , whose aymes , perchance , are addressed to purchase rather the light freight of forraine fashions , than the precious gemme of Selfe-knowledge , to be otherwise minded , by conforming themselves to his * patterne and example , who though he knew all things , boasted not of his knowledge , but abased himselfe to make us rich in all spiritual knowledge . As for such as are puft up and know nothing , but dote about questions and strife of words , whereof commeth envie , strife , railings , evill surmisings , perverse disputings of men of corrupt mindes , and destitute of the truth ; we are taught to withdraw our selves from them , because their fellowship is not of Light , but Darknesse ; their knowledge no perfect nor sincere knowledge , but palpable ignorance ; their wisdome no sound nor substantiall wisdome , but meere foolishnesse . Their wayes are not by the stockes of the Shepherds , but ragged and uneven wayes , leading their deluded followers head-long to all perdition . Deare Christians , though I know this point to have beene gravely and exactly handled by many solid and learned Divines ▪ whose holy oyle hath beene fruitfully employed in unmasking and discovering these dangerous Separatists , who have sowne the seed of pernicious doctrine in the eares of their weake Auditory : yet I thinke it not amisse to presse this exhortation further , lest your speedie ruine prevent you of all hope hereafter . Beware of these Pharisaicall Doctors , whose puritie only consists in semblance and outward appearance ; whose doctrine hath ever a taste of pride ; whose counsells ever tend to faction ; and whose wayes are ever Antipodes to the truth . These are called Prophets , but they are none : being humbl● Teachers , but proud Doctors . Outwardly specious , but inwardly vicious : having faire rindes , but false hearts : having a shew of godlinesse , but denying the power thereof . Come from among them and leave them , for their wayes lead to death , and their paths to destruction . Saint Iohn would not come in the Bath● where the Hereticke Cerinthus was . Another holy Man ( though most innocent ) could endure to be accounted a Whoremaster , an uncleane person , and the like ; but when one called him Hereticke , he could beare no longer . Wee have here ( thankes to our Maker ) more pleasant and delightfull Springs to retire to , than these troubled and corrupted Puddles , which taste of nothing but pollution . Leave these , and love those . Where can there be Vnitie , where there is no Conformitie ? Where a holy zeale or compassionate fervour , when nothing is spoke but by the sonnes of thunder ? Be yee wise unto salvation ; may godlinesse be your best knowledge ; that , dissolved from this Tabernacle of earth , yee may keepe consort with the Angells in a blessed Harmony , because ye resembled them on earth in mutuall love and unitie . And let this suffice for the first branch , to wit , Knowledge : Now wee will descend to the second , to wit , Discourse , with some necessary Cautions very profitable , if put in use , to direct ( or rather limit ) such , whose 〈◊〉 liberall and profuse Speech oft times brings them within the censure of indiscretion . DEmocritus calls Speech 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the image of life , because it represents to man the occurrents and passages of his life . Now forasmuch as through the subtiltie of time , men use to shroud and conceale their thoughts , by expressing least what they intend most ; Speech becomes a darke Image , representing man 〈◊〉 as he is , but as he seemes . Diogenes wondred that men would not buy earthen pots before they proved by the sound whether they were whole or broken : yet they would be contented to buy men by their Speech . The old proverbe used by Socrates , and approved by ancient Philosophers , was this : Loquere ut te videam . Subtill purposes were not then shadowed or gilded with faire pretences ; but so simple were their meanings , as they needed no words of Art ( meerely invented to delude ) nor the gawdie ornaments of perswasive Oratorie to colour them . But to propose some necessary cautions worthy observation of the Generous in their Discourse ; I would have Young Gentlemen to beware especially of two errours , usually occurring in Subjects of this Nature ; Affectation , and Imitation : The one for the most part arising from our selves , the other from too ardent a desire of imitating others . The first sort generally , are so miserably enamoured of words , as they little care for substance . These are ever drawing a Leaden sword out of a gilded sheath ; and will not lose a dram of Rhetoricke for a pound of Reason : having , as Theocrit●● said of Anaximenes , a floud of words , but a drop of reason . These are ever talking , till their Mint of words faile them , and then of necessitie they turne silent . These will lay themselves open to their professedst enemie , so they may gaine applause , and get the opinion of good Speakers , being the onely marke they shoot at . And indeed , these seldome hurt others , but many times themselves : for these are those fooles ▪ which carry their Hearts in their Mouthes ; and farre from those wise men , which carry their Mouthes in their Hearts . Though discretion of Speech be more than Eloquence , these preferre a little unseasoned Eloquence before the best temper of discretion . And thus much of Affectation . Imitation tastes no lesse of barrennesse , than the other of phantasticknesse : though I must confesse , this draweth neerer true Humilitie , in that it dis-values it selfe , to become a serious observer and imitator of others . But great men especially cannot want imitators , be the occasion never so unworthy imitation . If Caesar have an use to hold his necke aside in his discourse or pleading , he shall have one to affect and imitate that deformitie . If Vespasian draw in his face in a purse , ( as if it went hard with him ) hee shall have one to represent it , as it were naturally . And , which is of all others most intolerable , so habitually are these grounded on Imitation , as they are conceited that nothing can so well beseeme them , as this uncomely fashion which they have observed , and now imitate in others . Whereas if they would consider how nothing forced may appeare with that decencie , as when it is naturally descended , they would ingenuously confesse , that this apish or servile imitation detracts much from the worth of man , who should subsist on himselfe , and not relie on others postures . In briefe , that Discourse is most generous , which is most genuine : Nature may beseeme that , which Imitation cannot : but to addresse our selves to imitation of others , in that which even appeares ridiculous in the persons themselves , this inferreth grosse stupiditie . It is an excellent Lesson which a holy Father giveth to all Discoursers , That they should rather be given to heare than ●●ake● and in matters of argument , to assoile a needlesse question with silence . So as Cicero preferreth wisdome attired with ignorance , before speech attended by folly . Now because the best of Discourse tendeth to perswasion , which is the life and efficacie of Speech ; and this perswasion consisteth on three parts ; Life of the Speaker ; Truth of the Subject ; and Sobrietie of Speech ; of necessitie these three must be observed , ere we can have our Audience sufficiently perswaded . First for the Life of the Speaker : if Speech ( as wee have said ) be the Image of Life , why should not wee conforme our Life to our Speech ? Wee would be loth to be taxed of indiscretion in our Speech ; let us labour likewise to appeare blamelesse and unreproveable in our Life . For he that forgetteth to conforme or fashion his Life to his Speech , his Speech to his Life , is like unto a man beholding his naturall face in a glasse : for he beholdeth himselfe , and goeth his way , and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was . Wherefore Gentlemen , of all others , ought to be most respective of their conversation : for a little soile is a great blemish in them , whose Education promiseth more than inferiour men . Such m●● , for most part , gaine best authoritie or approbation in Discourse , who have beene ever observed to speake probably , and not of Subjects above the reach or pitch of humane conceit . Neither can any thing disparage or lay a deeper aspersion upon the face of Gentrie , than to be taxed for fabulous relations . Especially therefore should they inure themselves to probable discourses , being such as may gaine them an opinion of reputation , and be a meanes to conferre more authority on their discourse . The second is the truth of the Subject , which must needs import much authoritie : for how should wee perswade , where the Subject admits no probabilitie of Truth ? Therefore were it meet , that wee make choice of what wee relate , not maintaining whatsoever we heare by report , for undoubted Trut●● for so should wee be made * Knights of post to all Newes-mongers , being no lesse ready to sweare , than they to report . I have casually fallen into the company of some , whose only relation was noveltie : these would entertaine no Discourse but forraine , speaking as familiarly of the states of Princes , and their aimes , as if they had new crept from their bosomes . But alas , how ridiculous are these in the sight of judicious men , whose eyes are not so sealed , but they may easily discerne the arrogancie of these , who affect rather to be admired than beleeved ? Excellent and proper for our present purpose , is that Fable of the Fowler and the Bird : A Fowler having taken a Bird in his snare , was humbly intreated by the Bird , that he would free her and give her libertie , and shee would requite this courtesie with three good Lessons ; which ( if duly observed ) would profit him more than her small body . Vpon these conditions , the Fowler was contented to release the poore Bird , provided , that the Lessons were so profitable and usefull unto him , as she pretended . Which , in briefe , were these : Not to lose a certaintie for an incertaintie : Not to give credit to things beyond probabilitie● . Nor to grieve for that which is past remedie . These lessons received , the Bird was forthwith released : who being now at libertie , and mounting aloft in the aire , and triumphing in so blest a freedome , chanted out this merrie Madrigall ; Had'st thou knowne the wealth I had , Thou would'st nere have let me gone , For it would have made thee glad To enjoy so rich a one . In my bladder there 's a stone , Then which , never earth brought forth One of more unvalued worth . This the discontented Fowler had no sooner heard , than presently he repented himselfe of so rare and inestimable a losse ; which the nimble Bird perceiving , thus replied : How apt's man for to forget What might give him most content ? Thou at Libertie me set , When I taught thee , to repent Nothing how the world went ; Nor what crosse ere fell on thee , If past hope of remedie . But thou griev'st thou canst not have What thou canst not get againe : Thus thou mak'st thy selfe a slave To thy selfe , and mourn'st in vaine : And long may'st thou so complaine . For my Lessons I was free , Yet thou keep'st not one of three . The perplexed Fowler inquisitive of knowing further , pressed the Bird againe ; asking her in what particular he had broken any of her Lessons ? To whom the Bird , flickring a little with her wings , as one that gloried in her unexpected Libertie , answered ; The Lessons which I gave thou sleight'st , And weigh'st them but a rash , Or else thou would'st not lose one Bird In hand , for two in Bush. The next was , things incredible Nere credited should be , Yet thou beleev'st a precious stone Worth worlds is hid in me . The last , for things remedilesse Thou never shouldst complaine , And now when I am flowne from thee , Thou wishest me againe . Many excellent Moralls are shadowed in these Fables , which may deserve observation of the pregnant'st and maturest conceit ; not onely in the Subject or substance of the admonition , but in the person which giveth this admonition . Where the Poets smoothly , but tartly , used to introduce Beasts , Birds , and such like creatures ; admonishing man , the noblest of all creatures , of his dutie . Yea of Beasts , they made choice sometimes of the grossest and contemptiblest , as the Asse , to expresse the want of consideration in Man ; whose diviner parts drowned in the Lees of sensuall corruption , or carnall securitie , become forgetfull of that , for which they were principally created . It were easie to enlarge this Subject with much varietie of examples ; but my purpose is , in digressions , rather to touch than treat . Wee have handled two particulars , effectually moving to perswasion ; The Life of the Speaker , that it be unreprovable ; The Nature of the Subject whereof hee speakes , that it be probable . Now wee are to descend to the Third , which is , Sobrietie of Speech : an especiall Motive to attention , being that which Cicero much commendeth , and for which Hortensius was much commended . Albeit , arguing in Sylla's cause , he was taxed by L. Torquatus , and called for his too much effeminacie in apparell , as also for his too much action of bodie , not only a common Actor , but even a Dionysia , who was famous for her moving and wanton gesture . To whom Hortensius answered , Callest thou me Dionysia ? Sure I had rather be a Dionysia than as thou art , Torquatus : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : one without Learning , barbarous and uncivill . Now this Sobrietie consists not onely in the pronunciation of Speech , but Sober carriage or deportment of the Body , which indeed addeth no little lustre to Discourse . I haue observed in some , a kinde of carelesnesse in their forme of speaking ; which , though it gaine approbation in men of eminent ranke , it would seeme harsh and contemptible in men of inferiour condition . Others there are , who can never enter into any set or serious Discourse , but they must play with a button , as if they drained their Subject from such trifling action : and These , me thinkes , resemble our Common-Fidlers , who cannot play a stroake , to gaine a world , without motion or wagging of their head , as if they had rare Crochets in their braine : but this mimicke and apish action keepes small concurrence with the Postures of a Gentleman , whose Speech as it should be free , native and generous ; so should the action of his bodie admit of no phantasticke imitation or servile affectation , which expresseth little , save a degenerate qualitie or disposition . Others I have likewise noted , to conclude their Set speeches with winkes and nods , as if the understanding of the whole world were confined to the circumference of their braine : and these usually expresse more soliditie of conceit in the action of their bodies , than the motion of their tongues . For oft-times , through want of matter ( being gravell'd with an affected gravitie ) they are forced to trifle time in impertinences , and leave that matter untouched for which they came . I could wish that Young Gentlemen would principally observe this Lesson , to be sober in arguments of Discourse , but especially in reasoning : for there is nothing that darkeneth or obscureth the Light of reason , more than the boundlesse effects of Passion , which makes a man forgetfull of that he should say , no lesse than indiscreet in that hee doth say . But especially in publike assemblies , where difference of judgements oft-times racke our Speeches to a higher pin , ought deliberation to be had : for there we cannot recall so soone what we have spoke amisse , as in private , where lesse premeditation may afford matter of satisfaction . I approve likewise of his opinion , who would have such , whose pleasant conceits minister content to the Hearer , if they meane to jest publikely , and force their wits to stem the streame of worlds judgements , ( which , I say , are different , and therefore more observant ) that they use Pericles custome , who determining to speake any thing publikely , desired the immortall gods , that no improvident word should passe his mouth . Certainly , whosoever he be that speakes and never meditates , may be compared to the uncleane beast , who digests and never ruminates . Neither is it hard to gather this , even by their Discourse , which consists meerely on ventositie , digressive and impertinent , spending much wind to small purpose : resembling Pytheas that foolish Orator , who would never leave his babbling . He that meditates before hee be prepared ( saith one ) builds his house before stones be gathered . But sure I am , he that discourseth before he be provided , serves up his dishes before they be seasoned . Albeit Tiberius be said to doe better in any Oration extempore , than premeditate . Now I could reduce these discursive motives of Perswasion , to two generall heads : to wit , vehemencie of Passion ; or instancie of Demonstration : and first for vehemencie of Passion , here may we produce an apt and proper example . There came a man to Demosthenes , desiring his help to defend his cause , and told him how one had beaten him : Demosthenes answered him againe , saying : I doe not beleeve this to be true : the Plaintiffe then thrusting out his voice aloud , said : What , hath he not beaten me ? Yes indeed ( quoth Demosthenes ) I beleeve it now , for I heare the voice of a man that was beaten indeed . Whence appeareth , what effects vehemencie of Passion produceth , expressing her wrongs so well in words , as they enforce beleefe to the Hearer . Likewise , because examples illustrate , though they doe not prove ; touching instancie of Demonstration , we have an excellent one in that of Cato : who determined to strike the Senate and Romans in feare , discoursed at large of the Carthaginian warres , aggravating the danger by proper circumstances , which threatned the publike State ; and instancing the ruine of many eminent and flourishing States occasioned by the securitie of their people . But they objecting againe , that Carthage was farre from them ; He shewed them greene figs , implying thereby that Carthage was not farre distant , for otherwise the figges would have beene dried and withered . These kindes of Discourses , seconded by instance , are very moving and perswasive ; for as Speech is called the object of the eare , so is such kinde of instance an object to the eye , which must needs be more perswading , because visibly appearing . But we have inlarged this Subject too much ; wherefore to draw in our sailes , and apply particularly , what in generall hath beene discoursed : I could wish Young Gentlemen considerate in what they speak , because Speech is termed the Index of the Minde , and can best expresse him , whether he taste of rinde or pith . Now because moderation of the tongue is such an absolute vertue , as it displayeth the wisdome of him that hath it ; whence the wisest of all Princes , He that bridleth his tongue is most wise : I must needs preferre discreet Silence before loquacitie , for , in much speech there shall want no sinne ( saith Solomon : ) whereas Silence is exempted from all Censure , so it bee mixed with discretion . It is said that Pythagoras would desire two things of God ( if the poss●bility thereof could stand with the conservation of humane Society : ) that hee might not speake , that he might not eat : for by the one , hee should prevent offence in discourse , by the other , avoid surfet through excesse . Whence the Poet ; Silence is such a soule-entrancing charme , It may doe good , but can doe little harme . Albeit that Pythagorian silence I cannot approve of , being many times prejudiciall to the publike state : for by silence ( saith the Orator ) is errour approved , the lustre of vertue darkned , good and wholesome precepts suppressed ; whereby Youth might be instructed , private families directed , all inordinate motions corrected , and the whole structure of this little world , Man , rectified and repaired . But especially in divine professors and dispencers of the sacred word , is Silence most hurtfull : for these should be shrill Trumpets in sounding and delivering the sweet tidings of salvation , the tidings of peace and spirituall consolation . The Pastor ( saith a blessed Father ) by holding his peace , doubtlesly killeth sinners : that is , when he will not tell the house of Iacob his sinnes , nor Israel her transgressions ; but cries , peace , peace , when there can be no true peace : for what peace unto the wicked , saith the Lord ? So as the word of the Lord which came unto the Prophet , rouzed him up with this fearfull caveat : If thou givest not the ungodly warning , he shall perish , but his bloud will I require at thy hand . With whom the Apostle harmoniously joyneth ; Woe unto mee if I preach not the Gospell . For in that cause wherein the faithfull and painfull Pastor is to please God , he is to sleight the pleasure or displeasure of men . Now Gentlemen , yee whose Education hath engaged you farre in the expectance and opinion of others ; yee whose more generous breeding promiseth more than others ; ye whose nobler parts should distinguish you from others ; let not those innate seeds of Gentilitie first sowne in you , as in a hopefull Seed-plot , be nipped in their rising : which , that yee may the better prevent , exercise your selves in noble discourses , not wanton or petulant , for these breed a dangerous corruption even in the life and conversation of man. Quintilian would not have Nurses to be of an immodest or uncomely Speech , adding this cause ; Lest ( saith hee ) such manners , precepts , and discourses as young children learne in their unriper yeers , remaine so deeply rooted , as they shall scarce ever be relinquished . Sure I am , that the first impressions , whether good or evill , are most continuate , and with least difficultie preserved . How necessary then is it , that an especiall care or respect be had herein , that choice be made of such , whose modest and blamelesse conversation may tender you their brests in your infancie , and furnish you with grave and serious precepts in your minoritie ? that your Knowledge may be fruitfull ; your Discourses usefull ; and your actions in the eyes of the Almighty gratefull . Of which Action , we are now to speake ; being the third Branch which we observed in our definition of Education . THat Education is the seasoner of our actions , wee shall easily prove , if we observe the rare and incredible effects derived from it : which , that we may the better doe , you are to know , that every Action hath two handles ; the One whereof consists in contriving ; the other in performing . In the former , we are to observe deliberation : whence the Orator ; before wee take any thing in hand , we are to use a diligent or serious preparation ; that we may effect what we intend , and more prosperously succeed in that we take in hand . In the Latter , is diligence required ; for what is premeditation or preparation worth , if it be not by diligence seconded ? When Annibal was a childe and at his fathers commandement , he was brought into the place where he made sacrifice , and laying his hand upon the Altar , swore , that so soone as he had any rule in the Common-wealth , he would be a professed enemie to the Romans : nor did hee infringe the vow which his infancie had professed , but expressed when he came to be a man , what he had protested to performe being a childe . No device unassayed , no Stratagem uncontrived , no Labour neglected , no Taske unattempted , which might conferre honour on Carthage , or expresse his mortall and implacable hate to Rome . In this one example , we shall see the strength of Education : for though Annibal had no cause personally given him , to vow all hostilitie rather on Rome than any other place ; yet in respect he received his breeding from such as were professed foes to the Romans , he seconds their hate , resolving to live and die Romes enemy . The like may be observed in the demeanour and conversation of men : in which respect also , Education discovereth her absolute power . For shall wee not see some , whose faire outsides promise assured arguments of singular worth , for want of breeding meere painted Trunks , glorious features , yet shallow Creatures ? and whence commeth this , but through want of that which makes man accomplished , seconding nature with such exquisite ornaments , as they enable him for all managements publike or private ? Licurg●● brought two dogges , the one savage , wilde and cruell ; the other trained ; to let the people see the difference betwixt men brought up well , and badly : and withall to let them understand the great good of keeping lawes . Now what are these savage and wilde doggs , bu● resemblances of such , whose untrained Youth never received the first impressions of a generous Education ? These , as they were bred in the Mountaines , so their conversation is mountainous , their behaviour harsh and furious , their condition distempered and odious . Yet see the miserie of custome ! what delight these will take in actions of incivilitie ! nothing relisheth with them , save what they themselves affect ; nor can they affect ought worthy approbation : for Education ( which one calls an early custome ) hath so farre wrought with them , as they approve of nought freely , affect nought truly , nor intend ought purposely , save what the rudenesse of Education hath inured them to . These mens aimes are so farre from attaining honour , as they partake of nothing which may so much as have the least share in the purchase of Honour . Their minds are depressed , and as it were earth-turned : for they aspire to nothing which may have being above them ; neither can they stoope any lower , for nothing can be under them . Nor can their actions be noble , when their dispositions by a malevolent custome are growne so despicable . Hence it is , that the Philosopher saith ; The divine part in such men is drowned , because not accommodated to what it was first ordained . For how is it possible that their affections should mount above the verge of earth , whose breeding and being hath beene ever in earth ? They ( saith Phavorinus ) who sucke sowes milke , will love wallowing in the mire : inferring , that as our Education hath formed us , so will wee addresse our selves in the passage and current of our life . For as Nature is too strong to be forced , so Education ( being a second Nature ) hath kept too long possession to be removed . She it is , that in some sort moldeth our actions and affections , framing us to her owne bent ; as if wee received all our discipline from her , by whom we were first nourished , and since tutored . But you may object , if Education expresse such power , as her first native impressions cannot be suppressed ; how did those men appeare educated , whose first breeding was in mountains , and afterwards advanced to no lesse glory than a Diadem ? Such were Romulus and Remus ; that translater of the Median Empire to the Persians , victorious Cyrus ; and he who from the Plow-stilts was elected Emperour , to wit , Gordius . Surely their Education came farre short of that which is expected in the majestie of a Prince ; yet what inimitable presidents of renowme were these , shewing much resolution in conquering , and no lesse policie in retaining what they had conquered ? To begin with the first , to wit , Romulus ; truth is , he laid the first foundation of a glorious and flourishing State ; yet as his Nurse was a Wolfe , he plaid the Wolfe to his brother . He planted his kingdome in bloud , as his infancie received food from her , whose native disposition affecteth bloud . Neither can I be perswaded , that his carriage could be so civill , as that his first breeding left no relique nor relish of barbarisme : especially , when I reade what injuries or indignities were offered the Sabines by him , what cruelties were acted upon his owne uncle , what impieties were committed upon the neighbouring Heards-men : the multitude whereof expressed how cruelly he was naturally addicted , and that the first seeds which his savage Education had sowne in him , could hardly be suppressed . Touching Cyrus , no question his breeding was not altogether in the Mountaines , for he had recourse or resort ( though unknowne ) to Asti●ges Court , where he received no small bettering in the progresse of his reigne . Neither ( as it may probably be collected ) would Harpagus permit so great hopes , as were treasured in him , and by all Auguries and Predictions likely to be confirmed of him , to be destitute of instructions fit and accommodate for so high a person . Forels● , how should such excellent Lawes have beene devised ; such exquisite Cautions for state government provided ; the Empire of the Medes , with whom it had so long continued , to the Persians peaceably translated , and without faction established ? These ( I say ) might probably confirme , how well this victorious Shepherd was furnished with all precepts apt to informe him ; stored with all princely habiliments fit to accomplish him ; and exercised in all regall discipline , the better to prepare him against all occurrents that should assaile him . For the last , as he was from obscurity raised , so did he little in all his time that could be worthily praised , being more skilfull in setting of a Turnep , than setling of a state ; more experienced in correcting the luxurious growth of his Vine , than rectifying those abuses raging and reigning in his time : so as , his small acquaintance in state-affaires , during his Minority , made him lesse affected to those employments in his riper years . Whereas , if we reflect upon the noble and inimitable exploits of Alexander the great , whose fame hath given life to many Volumes , we shall see that his princely Education gave him such rare impressions of glorious emulation in his father Philip , as it raised him to those hopes hee afterwards attained . For where was that Enemie he encountred with , that he overcame not ? that Citie he besieged and wonne not ? that Nation he assailed and subdude not ? yet who more mildly affected , though a Souldier ; or more humble-minded , though a Conquerour ? which may appeare by that answer of this invincible Chieftaine to his Mother ; who desirous to execute an innocent harmlesse man , the better to prevaile with him , remembred him , that her selfe for the space of nine moneths had carried him in her wombe , and for that reason he must not say her nay . But what replied he ? Aske ( saith he ) good mother some other gift of me : for the life of a Man can be recompenced by no benefit . Behold a princely disposition lively charactred , having an eye no lesse to saving than subduing ; to receive mercie than to gaine a victorie ; to preserve the conquered than become a conquerour ; to get a friend than to win a field ! which , as it requires a noble and free disposition , not engaged to crueltie , boundlesse ambition , desire of triumph without compassion ; so questionlesse it shewes a composed , civill , and generous Education : for these exclaime not with the Poet ; Omnis in ferro est salus : but esteeme it the most glorious conquest to be subduers of their owne wills , preferring the saving of a life before the gaining of an Empire . Yet doe I not conclude these men to be exquisite , as if they were freed from all such insulting affections as usually invade the brests of these high aspirers : for so should I renounce the credit and authoritie of all Histories . Themistocles ( as I have elsewhere noted ) walked in the open street because he could not sleepe : the cause whereof when some men did enquire , he answered , that the triumph of Miltiades would not suffer him to take his rest : see the strength of Ambition , how powerfully it subdued a man of approved resolution & exquisite temper ! Pausanias killed Philip of Macedon only for fame and vaine-glory : see the weaknesse of a high spirit , whom the least blast of flickring fame could so transport , as to embrue his hands in bloud to gaine him an infamous glory . No , my aime is rather to expresse the noble acts and atchievements of such whose breeding had sh●wne them as well by Precept as Example , what might best become such eminent Personages . Hippocrates recounteth of a certaine sort of men , who to be different from the vulgar ( being men more nobly descended ) chose for a token of their Nobilitie , to have their head like a Sugar-loafe : and to shape this figure by Art , when the childe was borne , the Midwives tooke care to binde their heads with swathes and bands , untill they were fashioned to the forme . And this artificialnesse grew to such force , as it was converted into nature : for in processe of time , all the children that were borne of Nobilitie , had their heads sharpe from their mothers wombe . For the truth of this Relation I will not argue much , but sure I am , if Art have such power on the outward forme , Education , which is termed a second Nature , can produce no lesse effect from the inward man. For have wee not read , how divers naturally addicted to all licentious motions , by reading morall Precepts , and conversing with Philosophers , became absolute commanders of their owne affections ? Have they not ( some I meane , and those of place & esteeme ) even in the height of their desires , when opportunitie was offered , an occasion ministred , and all motives to a sensuall banquet mustered , restrained their desires , subjected sense to the obedience of reason , and became Kings by not consenting , whereas they had become despicable Slaves by yeelding ? Yes , and in that more remarkable , that they were Heathens , who had no knowledge of God , but directed by the light of Nature only . What then may wee imagine might be done by long Education and continuall practice , during the time of Infancie , which ( as the Philosopher saith ) is that smooth and unwritten Table , apt to receive any impression either of good or evill ? For which cause , as all times require instruction , so this time especially , because subject to correction ; which moved sundry Peeres to send for certaine wise and discreet men to instruct their children during their greener yeeres . Achilles had his Phoenix , Alexander his * Calisthenes , Alcibiades his Socrates , Cyrus his Xenophon , Epaminondas his Lycias , Themistocles his Symmachus : to whom they ought more ( as they themselves confessed ) than to their owne naturall parents : for , from them ( their parents I say ) they received only living , but from these they received meanes of living well . But me thinkes we decline rather to Knowledge than Action ; let us therefore presse this point a little further , and returne to where wee left . During that prosperous and successive time of victorious Sylla , Pompey the great , then a young man and serving under him , received such seasoning from his military discipline , as made him afterwards chosen amongst so many brave Spirits , to trie the hazard of fortune with the victorious Caesar. Nor was his judgement inferiour ( if wee may build on the credit of Historie ) to his potent Adversarie , though Fortune made him her Slave , triumphing no lesse in the quest of his death , than view of his conquest . Themistocles ( whose name as wee have oft repeated , so in all Records worthily renowmed ) having beene trained from his infancie in the discipline of warre , became so affected , and withall so opinionate in himselfe of Martiall affaires , as being moved on a time at a publike feast to play upon the Lute , answered ; I cannot fiddle , but I can make a small Towne a great Citie . See what long use in experiments of warre had brought a Noble Souldier to ! His actions were for the publike state ; his aimes not to delight himselfe or others with the effeminate sound of the Lute , but to strike terrour in his foe with his sharpe-pointed Launce . Now what should wee thinke of these , whose more erected minds are removed from the refuse and rubbish of earth , ( which our base Groundlins so much toyle for ) b●t that their thoughts are sphered above the Orbe of feare ? Death cannot amate them , imminent perill deterre them , disadvantage of place or inequalitie of power discourage them ; this is their Canto , and they sing it cheerefully : The only health ( what 's ever doe befall ) That we expect , is for no health at all . This might be confirmed by sundry Histories of serious consequence , especially in those memorable Sieges of Rhodes , Belgrade , Vienna , and many other ; where the resolution of their Governours sleighted the affronts of that grand Enemie of Christendome , the Turke , and by their valour purchased to themselves both safetie and Honour . Thus farre have we proceeded in our Discourse of Education , which we have sufficiently proved to be a Seasoner of Action , as well as of Speech or Knowledge . Neither in actions militarie only , but in all Manuall Arts practised in Rome during her glorious and flourishing State : from which even many ancient Families received their name , beginning and being . As the Figuli from the Potters ; the Vitrei from the Glaziers , the Ligulae from the Pointers ; the Pictores from the Painters ; the Pistores from the Bakers . All which ( as we may reade in most of the Roman Authors ) had applied themselves , even in the first grounds of their Education to these Arts , wherein they grew so excellent , as they inriched their posteritie by their carefull industrie . But to speake truly of Action , as it is generally taken , neither Speech , nor Knowledge , of which we have heretofore spoken , can well want it . Wherefore Demosthenes defining the principall part of an Oration , said , it was Action : the second the Same : the third no other than Action . Isocrates for lacke of a good voice , ( ●therwise called the father of Eloquence ) never pleaded publikely . And Cicero saith , some men are diserti viri , but for lacke of Action , or rather untowardnesse , habiti sunt infantes . Whence it is , that Sextus Philosophus saith , our Bodie is , Imago animi . For the Minde is ever in action ; it resteth not , but is ever labouring , plotting or contriving , addressing it selfe ever to employment . The like affinitie hath Action with Knowledge : for barren , fruitlesse and livelesse is that Knowledge which is not reduced to Action . Whence it is , that many ( too many , heaven knows ) burie their knowledge in the grave of obscuritie , reaping content in being known to themselves without communicating their Talent to others . But this is hiding of their Talent in a Napkin , putting their Candle under a Bushell ; resembling the envious spitefull man , who will not open his mouth to direct the poore Passenger in his way , or suffer his neighbour to light his candle at his : for both imply one thing , as the Poet excellently singeth ; Who sets the trav'ller in his journey right , Doth with his candle give his neighbour light . Yet shines his candle still , and doth bestow Light on himselfe , and on his neighbour too . For this burying or suppressing of knowledge , it may be aptly compared to the rich Miser , whose best of having is only possessing ; for that Communicative good he knowes not , but admires so much the Golden Number , as he prefers it before the Numbring of his dayes . Yea , as it is much better not to have possessed , than to mis-imploy that whereof we were possessed ; so is he in a happier case who never knew any thing , than such a Man who knew much , yet never made a Communicative or edifying use of his knowledge . As may appeare by the Parable of the Talents . The Contemplative part indeed affords infinite content to the Spirituall man , whose more erected thoughts are not engaged to the Meditations of earth , but are spheared in a ●ighe Orbe . This mans Minde , like Archimedes ayme , should Enemies invade him , death and danger threaten him , inevitable ruine surprize him , his desire is only to performe his taske , and that taske the highest pitch of a soule-solacing Contemplation . And this kinde of Rapsodie , or intrancing of the Soule ( as I may terme it ) ministers unspeakable delight to the Minde of that man , who is usually affected to these divine aspirations , as a godly Father termes them . Yet these contemplative persons , whose retirednesse of estate , immunitie , or vacation from publike government have drawne their affections wholly from the thought of earth or conversing with men ; as they relish more of the Cloister , than societie of Nature ; more of the Cell or frocke , than Communitie which affords the most fruit ; so they never extend further than satisfying their owne disconsorting humour . I confesse indeed , their contemplations farre exceed the worldly mans , for his are to earth confined ; or the voluptuous mans , for his are to pleasures chained ; or the ambitious , for his are to Honours gaged ; or the deluded Alchimist ( whose knowledge is a palpable mist ) for his are to impossible hopes restrained ; yet as profit and pleasure make the sweetest Musicke : so Contemplation joyned with Practice , make the fruitfullest knowledge . To conclude our Discourse touching Education , on which as the principall'st Seasoner of Youth , we have long insisted ; may the first Seeds of your more hopefull harvest , ( worthy Gentlemen ) be so sowne , as they may neither by extremitie of Winter , that is , by too awfull rigour , be nipped ; nor by the scorching heat of Summer , that is , too much connivencie of your Tutor , parched . So may your Countrey reape what she hath with long hope expected , and receive a plentifull crop of that which she her selfe , by hopefull Education , hath long manured . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Of the Necessitie of a Vocation ; No man is exempted from it ; Of Vocation in generall ; Of the Vocation of a Gentleman in particular ; And how he is to employ himselfe therein . VOCATION . VOCATION is a peculiar calling allotted to every one according to his degree . Wherein we are to consider ; First , a Necessitie of Vocation ; Secondly , no Exemption from that Vocation : and first of the first . In that originall or primitive puritie of mans Nature , I say before his Fall , there was no such command exhibited , as was afterwards injoyned . For then He was created pure , and deputed Soveraigne over a pleasant and flourishing Empire , a delightfull Eden , receiving no inhibition after so large and ample a commission , save this , That of the Tree of good and evill , hee should not eat of it . But when Adam had transgressed , this command was forth with directed to him and his sin-stained posterity : in the sweat of his face should he eat bread . Then , then , and not till then began Adam to delve , Eve to spin ; inferring that the Sweat of their brows should earne them a Living . There were none that did gallant it in the workes of a Wormes . There were none that pierced the bowells of the b Earth for precious stones to adorne them ; None that had minde of precious c Odours and aromaticall sweets to perfume them . In briefe , None held it then a grace to have the out-cast d Feathers of Birds to plume them ; The very excrements of e Beasts to sent them ; The bowels and entralls of f Wormes , to cloath them ; The white excretions of g Shell-fish to decke them . Those Leatherne coats were provided to cover mans shame , and doe evince him of h Sinne. They were provided likewise to repel the extremitie of i Heat and Cold , to shelter him against the violence of all seasons . There were other Vocations then intended and attended , other labours proposed and sustained , other fashions used and observed than the vanities of this age , where the Devill , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that imitating and apish thing , as k Damascen calls him , peccati fomenta succendit , kindles those foments of sin to traine wretched man to the Lake of perdition . Hence it is , that he sets up that vexillum superbiae , to which all the sonnes and daughters of vanitie repaire ; affecting incivilitie before modestie , inquiring after the fashion , not how neat it is , but how new it is . These imagine it a Labour sufficient , a Vocation for their state and degree equivalent , to spend the whole Morne till the Mid-day in tricking , trimming , painting and purfling , studying rather to Die well , than Live well . These are they who beautifie themselves for the Stage , to become deluding Spectacles to the unbounded affections of Youth . They make time only a Stale for their vanities , and so prostitute their houres ( those swift Coursers of mans pilgrimage ) to all enormous Libertie . These are Penelopes wooers , gilded gallants , whose best of discourse is complement , or apish formalitie , whose best thoughts reach but to where they shall dine , or the choice of an Ordinary ; and whose best actions are but ravishing of favours from the Idolls of their fancie . But how farre short come these of that Necessitie of Vocation injoyned them ? They thinke it sufficient so to attire themselves , as they may become gracious in the eye of their Mistresse : whereas that , wherein they seeme to themselves most gracious , to the eye of a grave and considerate man may seeme most odious : as in apparell , we say that onely to be commendable which is comely , that laudable which is seemely : for it is an ornament which adorneth . Now how deformed are many of our rayments drawne from forren Nations , and as ill-seeming our Ilanders , as Cockle-chaines Agricola's souldiers ? Certainly , this attire becommeth not a Christian , but such as are prostitutes to the whore of Babylon . The garment of a true follower of Christ , is innocencie , which , because it cannot be simple or absolute , wee should endevour to lessen our imperfections daily , becomming conformable to his Image , who being free from sinne , tooke upon him our sinne , to free us from the guile of sinne , and punishment due unto sinne . Let us therefore endeuour our selves , I say , to attaine the reward of our high calling in Christ : which that wee may the better obtaine and purchase at his hands , by whom wee expect reward , wee are in the meane time to serve him in our vocation here on earth , that we may reigne with him in heaven . Now that there is a Necessitie of Vocation injoyned all , of what ranke or degree soever , wee may prove by many pregnant places of Scripture , inveighing against Idlenesse , and commending imployment unto us . Amongst which , that of the Prophet Ezechiel may be properly applied to our purpose . Behold ( saith he , speaking of the sinnes of Ierusalem ) this was the iniquitie of thy sister Sodome ; pride , fulnesse of bread , and abundance of idlenesse was in her , and in her daughters : neither did she strengthen the hand of the poore and needie . Againe , in that of the Proverbs : He that tilleth his land , shall be satisfied with bread : but he that followeth the idle , is destitute of understanding . Againe : He that is slothfull in his worke is even the brother of him that is a great waster . Againe , that of the Sonne of Sirach : If thou set thy servant to labour , thou shalt finde rest : but if thou let him goe idle , he shall secke libertie . Againe : Send him to Labour that he goe not idle : for idlenesse bringeth much evill . This likewise the blessed Apostle admonisheth the Thessalonians of , saying : For even when wee were with you , this wee warned you of , that if there were any which would rot worke , that he should not eat . For wee heare , that there are some which walke among you inordinately , and worke not at all , but are busie bodies . Therefore them that are such , we warne and exhort by our Lord Iesus Christ , that they worke with quietnesse , and eat their owne bread . Againe , that serious exhortation of the Apostle to Timothie , describing the natures of such factious and busie bodies as intend themselves to no setled imployment : but being idle , they learne to goe about from house to house : yea , they are not only idle , but also pratlers and busie bodies , speaking things which are not comely . Againe , that expresse charge given by the Apostle touching every ones distinct profession or Vocation : Let every man abide in the same vocation wherein he was called . See here how much Idlenesse is condemned , and Labour commended ; the former being the mother of all vices ; the latter a cheerer , cherisher , and supporter of all vertues . For wherein may man better expresse himselfe than in the display and dispatch of such offices to the management and execution whereof he was first created ? Vertue , as it consists in action , time in revolution , so the maze of mans life in perpetuall motion : wherein non progredi est regredi , non procedere recedere est . It is given to man to labour , for life it selfe is a continuate labour . See then the Necessitie of a Vocation , being a peculiar labour allotted or deputed to any one person in particular . Whence sprung up first the diversitie of trades and occupations , which now by processe of time have aspired to the name of Companies , gaining daily new prerogatives , the better to encourage them in their severall Offices . It is a saying of Cn. Bentatus ; That he had rather be dead , than live dead : meaning , that vacancie from affaires , and retiring from such actions as tend to the conservation of humane societie , was rather to die than to live . For Life , that is compared to a * Lampe or burning Taper , so long as it is fed with oyle , giveth light ; being an Embleme of mans life , which should not be obscured or darkned , but ever sending forth her rayes or beames both to light it selfe , and others . Whence the Poet ; Life is a Lampe whose oyle yeelds light enough : But spent , it ends , and leaves a stinking snuffe . Gellius compares mans life to Iron : Iron ( saith he ) if exercised , is in time consumed , if not exercised , is with rust wasted . So as this rust ▪ which indeed is rest from imployment , doth no lesse consume the Light or Lampe of our Life , than labour or exercise : for our life decayes no lesse when wee are eating , drinking , or sleeping , than toyling or travelling about our worldly affaires . So much of our life is shortned , as wee are even in these things , which preserve and sustaine nature , imployed : thus death creepes on us when wee least thinke of it , surprizing us when wee least expect it . Some with Ammon carousing , others with Haman persecuting , or with Sanherib blaspheming , or with Belshazzar sacrilegiously profaning , Ahitophel plotting , the Children mocking , that incredulous Prince of Israel distrusting , or that rich man in the Gospell presuming . Few or none with Iacob exhorting , with Martyr-crowned Steven blessing , with the Apostles rejoycing , or with all those glorious Martyrs , whose garments were deepe died in the bloud of zeale , singing and triumphing . And a good reason may be here produced , why many die so wofully dejected : for how should they cloze their dayes cheerefully , who have spent all their dayes idly ? If they that disobey God , shall plant the vineyard ▪ and others shall eat the fruit ; how may those expect to be partakers of the fruit of the vineyard , who neither obey God nor plant vineyard ? How long have many , whose exquisite endowments were at first addressed for better imployments , stood idling in the market-place , never making recourse to Gods vineyard , either to dung or water it , refresh or cherish it ; labouring rather to breake downe her branches , than sustaine it ? How many be there , who will rather imploy whole yeeres in contriving some curious Banquetting-house , than one moneth in erecting one poore Almes-house ? How choice and singular will the most be in their Tabernacles of clay , while the inward Temple goes to ruine ? As Charles the Emperour said of the Duke of Venice his building , when hee had seene his princely Palace like a Paradice on earth : Haec sunt , quae nos invi●●s faciunt mori . They draw us backe indeed , and hale us from meditation of a more glorious building , which needs not from the inhabitant any repairing . How necessary is it for us then , to addresse our selves to such imployments , as may conferre on the state publike a benefit ? For as wee have insisted on the Necessitie of a Vocation , so are wee to observe the conveniencies of a Vocation . Which that wee may the better doe , wee are to consider three especiall things , which as Scales or Greeses may bring us to the right use and exercise of our Vocation . The first Consideration is Divine , or to God-ward ; the second Civill , or to Man-ward ; the third Peculiar , and to our selves-ward . For the first , because indeed the rest have dependance on it , and could have no subsistence but from it ; wee are to consider by whom we are deputed to such a place or office , 〈◊〉 for what end . The person by whom wee are so deputed , is God , who in his goodnesse as hee hath bestowed an Image more noble and glorious on us than on any other creature , so hath he enabled us to execute our place under him with due feare and reverence to his name , ever observing the end for which wee were to such places deputed ; which is , to honour him , and be helpfull unto others who resemble him : which is the second Consideration wee before observed , and termed Civill , because in civill societie requisite to be performed . By the love of God ( saith a good Father ) is love to our Neighbour ingendred , by the love of our Neighbour is our love towards God increased . Now if wee should communicate all that wee possesse unto our Neighbours , and want this Love , which onely maketh the worke fruitfull and effectuall , wee were but as tinkling cymbals ; we are therefore incessantly to crave of God by prayer ▪ which ( as that godly Divine saith ) is to bee numbred amongst the greatest workes of Charity ; that he would infuse into us the fervour of his Love , by which onely is granted us to ●●●taine true Neighbourly Love , performing such workes of charitie in our vocation , as we may preserve that union and communion , which members of one mysticall body have one with another . And this Love thus planted , cannot bee so silenced or smothered , but it will be discovered , and that by such effects as are usually derived from charitie : for these will not grinde the face of the poore by extortion , or draw teares from ●he Orphans eyes by oppression , or sow the seed of dis●ord betwixt neighbour and neighbour by the spirit of Contention . No , as they are placed in a vocation , they will shew themselves to all helpfull , to none hurtfull . They will be an eye to the blinde to direct them , a staffe to the Lame to support them , a visitant to the Sicke to comfort them , a Samaritan to the w●unded to heale them , a garment to the naked to cover them , meat to the hungry to releeve them , drinke to the thirstie to refresh them : being all unto all , that by all meanes they might gaine some . These are the effects of this Love , which with adamantine tyes becomes linked to the love of God , and to man for God. The third consideration is peculiar ; wherein we are principally to take heed of selfe-love , a vice no lesse fatall than universall . Which selfe-love as it hath many branches , or sciens , according to the disposition of the owner , so it produceth no lesse variety of effects . The Ambitious man being ever aiming , ever aspiring , thirsteth after honour , and never leaves hunting after it , till hee fall with his owne grandure . His pre-coloured flagge of vanity is displayed , and his thoughts ( so open hearted is he ) as if hee had windowes in his breast , discovered . His agents are weake and unsteady ; his aimes indirect and maligned by envie , concluding his Comicke beginning with a Tragicke Catastrophe . Yet see how selfe-conceit transports him , Sycophancy deludes him , and an assured expectance of an impossibility detaines him . Now see him uncased ; He useth rather with Catiline to speake much and do little , than with Iugurth to speake little and doe much . He entertaines all with broad-spread armes , and proclaimes Liberty , but none will beleeve him . For how should he proclaime , or proclaiming conferre that on others , which he enjoyes not in himselfe ? or how should he enjoy that inestimable Libertie , which the earthly-Sainted or contented only enjoy ; when he is become a Slave to his owne unbounded desires , and through selfe-conceit , is made a prey to his foes deceit , falling in that lowest , where his expectance raised him highest ? yet see whence these effects proceed ! surely from no other spring than that troubled well-spring of selfe-love , which leaves her distressed Master engaged to sundry extremes . The like may be observed in the avaritious man ; ( for to these two instances is my present discourse restrained : ) whose misery it is to admire rather than employ what he enjoyes . The difference betwixt the poore wanting , and the rich not using , is by these two expressed ; the one carendo , the other non fruendo . Of these it may bee truly said , that their gaine is not godlinesse , but their godl●●●ss● is to reape gaine . And though apparent a losse be to be preferred before filthy gaine : yet they wholly and onely embrace such b arts , trades , or sciences , from which a certaine gaine may bee procured . They know ( and that knowledge makes them more culpable ) that c gaine cannot accrue to one , without losse to another : yet they will rather prejudice another in the greatest , than be an inconvenience to themselves in the least . They have felt by experience , that wealth is a great nourisher of vice , and poverty of vertue ; yet will they erect an Idoll to honour her by whom vice is nourished , but disesteeme her from whom many vertuous motions and affections are derived . True it is indeed , that when any d Object of profit is tendred us , necessarily are we induced to condescend to the meanes of acquiring that profit . Againe , we all seeke profit , and are ( as it were ) haled unto it : yet this is to be intended such profit , as holds concurrence with honesty . They know , ( and wofull it is that they make no better use of their knowledge ) how e gaine maketh men worse : and but for gaine no man had beene evill . For this filthy f gaine accuseth nature , and reproveth us , that our life being so short , should have desires so long , labouring to joyne land to land , when so small a scantling will serve our turne at our departing . They know how truly that sententious Poet sung ; g Wealth disesteemes all Learning , and all arts , Faith , honesty , and all our better parts . There is a h native will or inclination to feining and lying in all such as seeke after wealth , and desire gaine . See how servile and ignoble their Condition is , whose affections , slaved to private profit , embrace any course how indirect soever , for selfe-love , or selfe-gaine ! That are ever harping upon that of the Poet ; i He shall be noble , valiant , wise , a Prince , or what he will , That ha's but wealth , no matter how he got it , well or ill . but how farre short comes vulgar opinion of truth , whose judgement is in their eyes or eares , no● measuring man , nor his worth , by those nobler parts within him , but by his wealth or habit , whose best of glory is without him ? Little know these earth-worms how they shall be uncased , and with what misery then enclosed . For if they did , they would preferre ( right sure I am ) the inestimable purchase of vertue , before this rust or rubbish , which leaveth the possessor as full charged with care , as his chest stored with coine . Vertue is of that noble and unconfined nature , as she k seeketh nothing that is without her ; there is her glory . Againe , there can be no vertue which is not l free and voluntary ; there is her Libertie . Againe , she m subdueth all things ; there is her soveraignty . Againe , n fortune gives place to her ; there is her precedency . For o fortune can take nothing away but what she herselfe giveth . Againe , they only are p rich which are enriched with vertue ; there is her felicity . So as , howsoever the Philosophers axiome be , that riches is a signe of eternall glory ; sure I am , that vertue directeth man in this Maze of misery , to the true sight and light of glory . This is that Morning-starre sent from that Sunne of the Morning to direct us ; that Brazen wall reared by that Brazen Serpent to shield and protect us ; that faire Lilly of the valley cropt by that fairest often thousand to beautifie and adorne us ; that sweet odoriferous plant budding out of the root of Iesse to sweeten and perfume us . What skills it then , if we be deprived of all , possessing vertue●hat ●hat includeth all ? The Levites who were chosen for the Altar and for Gods owne service , were to have no possessions : for the Lord was their inheritance . Againe , God chuseth the poore for an inheritance of his heavenly Kingdome . Againe , Blessed are you that bee poore , for yours is the kingdome of heaven . And againe , Miserable are you rich men , who in your riches have all your consolation . Againe , O Death , how bitter is the remembrance of thee to that man , whose peace is in his substance ! Hence we see the difference betwixt the state and condition of the worldling , whose affections are wholly planted and placed upon earth , and his , whose desires transcend the pitch of earth , having his feet below , but his faith above . The Poet very covertly and wittily in derision of such , whose delights were wholly fixed on mould , Satyrically concludeth ; Not only Vertue , winged Fame , and Honour too , I say , But things divine & humane too , must Riches all obey . But to returne where we left ; whence commeth this so avaricious and illimited desire , but only from a Selfe-love which these men have to their owne private and peculiar profit ? Which that wee may the better p●●vent , being such a shelfe as it endangers the ship that commeth neere it ; we are daily to examine our selves , and observe what especiall affection we are most prone unto : which found out , we are to apply such remedies , or receits , as may best cure such enormities , as arise from the vicious and corrupted source of our affections . Now to come to the cure ; because Medicines provided and not applied , are fruitlesly employed . Are yee naturally subject to vain-glory ? Labour to suppresse those motions even in their rising , by becomming vile and contemptible in your owne sight . Are yee affected to wantonnesse and effeminacie ? Impose your selves a Taske , inure your bodies to labour , reserve some houres for reading , as well those exquisite Morall precepts of Heathen Writers , as those blessed Patternes of continencie recorded in sacred Writ . Are ye slaved to the misery of a worldling ? Wrastle with your affections , entertaine bountie , affect hospitalitie , so in time yee shall become weaned from base and servile Parcimony . To be briefe , as Vices are best cured by their Contraries , ever oppose your selves to that which your Natures affect most ; for this is the way to make you , that were slaves before , commanders of your owne affections : which soveraigntie surpasseth all inferiour command , for by this meanes you command those , who have had the greatest Monarchs in subjection . Thus have we proposed the Necessitie of a Vocation , and what especiall rules were to be observed in the undertaking of that Vocation : which observed , yee shall conferre no lesse good on your Countrey , who expects much good from you ; then yee shall minister content unto your selves , finding all depraved or distempered affections buried in you . And so we descend from the Necessitie of a Vocation , to inquire whether any from the highest to the lowest be exempted from it . NO lesse authenticke than ancient is that position , The higher place , the heavier charge . So as , howsoever that erring opinion which vulgar weaknesse hath introduced , seem approved , that Men whom Fortune hath made Great , may hold themselves exempted from all Vocations , because either Noblenesse of bloud may seeme too worthy to partake of them , or greatnesse of Successe ( little subject to the feare of want ) hath made them too high to stoope unto them : I may safely averre , that of all other degrees , none are lesse exempted from a Calling than great men , who set like high Peeres or Mounts , should so over-view others , as their lives may be lines of direction unto others . Hee sinnes doubly , that sinnes exemplarily : whence is meant , that such , whose very persons should be examples or patternes of vigilancie , providence and industrie , must not sleepe out their time under the fruitlesse shadow of Securitie . Men in great place ( saith one ) are thrice servants ; servants of the Soveraigne , or State ; servants of Fame ; and servants of Businesse . So as they have no freedome , neither in their persons , nor in their actions , nor in their times . First , they are Servants to their Soveraigne or State , for as they are by place set neere his Person , so are they with due and tender respect ever to observe him , in affaires tending to the safetie of his Person , and generall good of the State. They are Servants ( likewise ) of Fame : for howsoever the actions of inferiour men may seeme sleighted with neglect , or clouded with contempt , they are sure to have their deeds bruted by Fame , either to their glory or disgrace . Yea , these are also eager hunters after Fame , preferring opinion before all other inferiour respects , and wishing rather themselves to die , than it should die . Whence it was , that Anaxagoras telling Alexander that there were many worlds ; Alexander wept , replying , That he had not wonne one : implying , that his Fame , being that which he principally tendred , having scarce yet dispersed it selfe to the circumference of one world ; it would be long , ere it could diffuse or dilate it selfe to many worlds . Lastly , they are Servants of Businesse ; being placed neere the Helme of the State : and therefore , like wise and vigilant Pilots , must be carefull lest the Rudder of the State be not shaken by their securitie . Neither is their State so sure , that it should move them to be secure : for men in high places are for most part pursued by many Enemies , whose eyes are ever prying into their actions , which they invert , by labouring to bring the State in distaste with their proceedings . Now what meanes better to frustrate their practices , than by a serious and cautelous eye to looke into their owne actions ? Diogenes being as●●d how one should be revenged of his Enemie , answered ; By being a vertuous and honest man. Which badge ( I meane honesty ) as it should be the Cognizance of every Christian ; so should it shew her full lustre or splendour in these persons , whom Descent or Place hath so ennobled . Now these Enemies of Greatnesse , if right use be made of them , may conferre no small profit to such as they hate . NASICA , when the Roman Common-weale was supposed to be in most secure estate , because freed of their enemies , affirmed , that though the Achaians and Carthaginians were both brought under the yoake of bondage , yet they were in most danger , because none were left , whom they might either feare for danger , or who should keepe them in awe . This we shall finde verified even in our selves : for tell me , are wee not most circumspect in all our actions , wherein we have to deale with our enemie ? Are we not fearefull lest by some inconsiderate or prejudicate act , he take advantage of us , and consequently circumvent us ? So as our Enemies may be used as Tutors or Monitors to instruct us , warning us to be advised what wee undertake , lest they take hold of us in our mistake . There is also another benefit redounding to us , of which it were likely we should be deprived , if we wanted Enemies , by whom this benefit is on us conferred . And it is this ; wanting Enemies , we many times make of our best friends , Enemies . Whence Oenomademus in a faction in the I le of Chios , counselled his fellowes that they should not expell all their Enemies , but still leave some in the Citie , lest ( quoth he ) being void of all our Enemies , we should begin to quarrell with our friends . Thus you see , how Men of Place are of all others least exempted from a Vocation ; for as Idlenesse would give them occasion to sinne , so by their Enemies should they be soone detected of shame : being more subject to Detraction in those actions which are their best , than likely to plead a protection for such as are their worst . We may well then conclude this point , with that of a true and noble Historian ; In the greatest fortune , there is the least libertie ; for by how much any man is higher placed , by so much is he more generally noted . We say , that there is required the greatest care , where there is the great●st danger : Now what danger more presently imminent , or more powerfully violent , than highnesse of Place , threatning ruine daily to the possessour ? Where Honour feeds the fuell of Envie , and enmitie ever pursues in chace such as are advanced by fortune : whence our moderne Poet excellently concludeth ; Studie thou Vertue , Honour's Envies bait , So entring heav'n thou shalt be graduate . How necessary then even in private respects to themselves is circumspection ; not only in labouring to prevent occasions of feare , but the finall and fatall effects thereof ? So may those , whom either Fortune hath raised , or Noblenesse of birth advanced , say with majestick Marius : They envie my Honour : Let them also envie my labour , innocencie , yea , those admirable dangers which I have passed , for by these was my Honour purchased . Now then , how should such whose height of Place hath raised them above the lower ranke of men , imagine that their Place may exempt them from their Taske ? Offices are peculiarly assigned to all men , and Vocations to all rankes of men . Whence came that ancient Edict amongst the Romans , mentioned by Cicero in lib. de Leg. ( as wee have else-where noted ) that no Roman should goe thorow the streets of the Citie , unlesse he caried with him the Badge of that trade wherby he lived : in so much that Mar. Aurelius , speaking of the diligence of the Romans , writeth , That all of them followed their Labour . So as , there was no difference betwixt the Patricians and Plebeians ; inter f●cem & florem civitatis ( as one well observeth ; ) but an expresse taske was imposed and exacted on every Subject . Whence it grew that the Roman Empire became absolute Soveraignesse of many other ample Dominions : whose flourishing estate ( as it was described to King Pyrrhus ) appeared such ; That the Citie seemed a Temple , the Senate a Parliament of Kings . Neither is it to be doubted , but even as God is no accepter of persons so his command was generall , without exception of persons ; In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread . Albeit I doe not hence conclude , that all are to intend the Plough , or betake themselves to Manuall Trades : for so I might seeme to presse that exposition which a Frier once urged against Latimer , touching reading of Scripture in a vulgar tongue : If the rude people ( objected he ) should heare the Scripture read in English , the Plow-man when hee heareth , Hee that holdeth the Plough and looketh backe , is not apt for the kingdome of God ; would thereupon cease to plow any more : and the Baker , when he heareth it read , A little Leaven corrupteth the whole lumpe ; might be moved not to use Leaven at all : and when the Scripture saith , If thine eye offend thee , plucke it out ; the ignorant might be perswaded to pull out their eyes ; and therefore it was not good to have the Scripture in English. To which objection Latimer vouchsafed no other answer than this : He would wish the Scriptures to be no longer in English , till therby either the Plow-man were perswaded not to plow ; or the Baker not to bake . No , I am not so stupid , as not to apprehend how severall places or offices are deputed to sundrie men : how some are appointed for guiding and guarding the State ; others for ranking and ranging Powers in the Field ; others for teaching and training of Youth in the Schoole ; others for propounding and expounding the Lawes of our Realme at the Barre ; others for caring and curing of maladies in the bodie ; others for breaking the bread of life , and breathing the spirit of comfort to the afflicted . Whence we gather , that of all degrees none are exempted or excepted : a Vocation is proposed and imposed , which of necessitie must be by one or other observed and intended . For as in the mutuall offices of our Bodie , every member intends that peculiar function or office to which it is assigned or limited ; so in the Bodie of the State ( being all members depending and subsisting of that State ) wee are all in our mutuall places or offices to discharge that Taske which is injoyned us . Wherein I should thinke it convenient , if we observed the selfe-same rule , which the members of our Bodie use in the due performance of their offices . For wee see not one of them incroach or intrude into anothers place or employment : The Eye it sees , and handles not ; the Hand it handles , and sees not ; the Palat it tastes , and smells not ; the Nose it smells , and tastes not ; the Eare it heares , and walkes not ; the Foot it walkes , and heares not . And so of the rest : but contrariwise , how itching are men after such employments as least concerne them ? How officious in businesse which least touch them ? The Dray-man he will play the Divine ; a Dayrie woman the Physician ; the Collier the Informer ; the Farmer the Lawyer . Wherein surely , I have observed in the small Progresse of this my Pilgrimage , no small inconvenience redounding to the publike State. For say , whence sprung all these Schismes in the Church , these many rents in Christs Seamelesse-coat , but from those , who of Mechanickes became Divines , professing to teach , before they were taught ? Whence are so many mens dayes abridged , their easie maladies without hope of being cured , but by meanes of these Horse-leaches , who gaine experience by the death of their Patients , professing themselves Artists , before they know the definition of an Art ? Whence are so many unjustly vexed , so injuriously troubled , but by these base Informers , who become disturbers rather than Reformers ? Whence arise these differences , betwixt partie and partie , but by meanes of some factious and seditious Instruments , who like the Serpent Dipsas , sucke the moisture and verdure of every hopefull Plant , building their foundation on the ruine of others ? Surely , as we have Statutes enacted , of purpose to have such turbulent members duely curbed and censured ; so were it to be wished that such Lawes as are to this end provided , were likewise executed : for by this meanes the flourie borders of our Realme should bee stored with grave Divines , and learned Professors , leading their flocks to the greene pastures of ghostly instruction , not to the by-paths of errour and confusion ; with judicious and expert Physitians , who are not to learne experience by the death of their Patients ; with sincere and uncorrupted officers , whose ayme is not to gaine , but to redresse abuses ; with upright and conscionable Lawyers , whose desire is to purchase their Clients peace , and not by frivolous delayes to cram their purses . O what a golden age were this ! when each performing a mutuall office vnto other , might so support one another , as what one wanted , might be supplied by another . Then should we have no Sectists or Separatists divided from the unity of faith to disturbe us ; No artlesse Quack-salvers or cheating Mountebanks to delude us ; no factious Brands to set a fire of debate amongst us ; no corrupt or unconscionable Lawyers , by practising upon our states , to make a prey of us . Then should we heare no ignorant Laicks familiarly disputing of the too high points of Predestination , rejecting the ordinary meanes of attaining salvation : as may be seene in the Synodals or Conventicles of many seduced soules , even in these dayes , where some Barber is made a Cathedrall Doctor , to improve , rebuke , and exhort : but how is it possible that ought should be hatched but errour , where singularity grounded on ignorance is made a Teacher ? S. Basil talking with the Emperour Valens of matters of religion , and the Cooke comming in saucily and telling the holy man his opinion , that it was but a small matter to yeeld to his master the Emperor in a word or two ; and that he needed not to stand so precisely in divine masters . Which seemed indifferent , or of no moment . Yea , Sir Cook ( quoth Saint Basil ) it is your part to tend to your pottage , and not to boyle and chop up divine matters : and then with great gravity ( turning to the Emperour , ) said , that those that were conversant in divine matters with conscience , would rather suffer death , than suffer one jot of holy Scripture , much lesse an article of faith to be altered or corrupted . So carefull have former times beene of the reverence which ought to be had in dispensing the heavenly Mysteries of Gods word : admitting none to so holy and high a vocation , but such who had Vrim and Thummim , knowledge and holinesse : beautifying their knowledge , I say , with holinesse of conversation : being not onely Speakers but Doer● , for no word-men but work-men are fit for the Lords Vineyard . The like complaint might bee made touching these Physitians of our Bodies : where artlesse and ignorant Handicrafts-men , who perchance upon reading of some old Herball , wherein were prescribed certaine doubtfull cures for certaine Maladies , will not sticke to professe themselves Galenists the first houre : setting out a painted Table of unknowne cures to raise them credit . To whom in my opinion , that Tale may be properly applyed , which is related of one Alphonso an Italian ; who professing Physicke , wherein his fortune was to kill oftner than he did cure ; one day as he and his man Nicolao rode on the way , he might see a great multitude of people assembled upon a hill ; whereof being desirous to know the cause , he sent his man Nicolao to inquire further : who , understanding that there was one to be executed for committing a murder , put spurrs to his horse , and running with all speed to his Master , wished him to flie : wherewith Alphonso not a little astonished ; demanded the cause : Why Master ( quoth Nicolao ) yonder is a poore wretch adjudged to die for killing one man , and you in your time have killed an hundred . Neither are wee lesse to grieve for the pressures which burden our State by such , who sow the seed of discord betwixt neighbour and neighbour , supporting Champertie and Emoracerie in buying of Titles , maintaining suits out of a contentious or turbulent disposition . Which enormities , as they are by apt and necessary Lawes thereto provided , duly censured ; so were it to be wished , that for example sake some one , whom the impunitie and indulgencie of this time hath made too presuming , were punished according to the extremitie of the Law thereto provided : for then should wee enjoy those happy Halcyon dayes , wherein Basil the Emperour of Constantinople lived : who , whensoever he came to his Iudgement Seat , found neither partie to accuse , not defendant to answer . To this end then and purpose tendeth our present discourse , that as a peculiar Vocation is deputed to every one in this Pilgrimage of humane frailtie ; so he should not intermix himselfe in affaires or offices of different nature . A man may be excellent in one , who cannot be exquisite in many . Let us then so addresse our selves , as wee may be rather fruitfull in one , than fruitlesse in many . Doe wee feare by being excellent in one to purchase hate of many ? Let us sleight that hate which is procured by good meanes ; for so long as we live here , sometimes adverse fortune will crosse us , oft times envie curbe us : but where the minde hath given way to the infirmities of nature , and beares with a prepared mind whatsoever may be inflicted on her , shee makes no account of detraction ; for that vertuous resolution which is in her , doth daily more and more raise and advance her . Neither are wee to be strong in tongue and weake in act ; as those , whose only valour is vaunting , and honour verball glorying : for of all others , such men are the slothfull'st , whose force and power is wholly seated in the tongue . No , rather let us know that vertue consists in action , which by long habit becomes more pleasant than the habit of vice , whose vaine delights tender no lesse bitternesse in the end , than they did promise sweetnesse in the beginning . Agendo a●dendoque res Romana crevit . Let our eare , as it is a sense of instruction , become a light of direction : for then wee heare with profit , when wee reduce what wee heare to practice . Thus you have heard both of the Necessitie of a Vocation , and how none is to be exempted from a Vocation : wherein , Gentlemen , I could wish , that as birth and breeding have advanced you above others , so you would shew such arguments of your birth and education , as may make you seeme worthy of a glorious Vocation ; expressing such exemplary vertues in your life , as might gaine you love even in death . And so I descend to speake of Vocation in generall ; wherein I will be more briefe , because I have partly glanced at it in our former discourse . VOcation may be taken equivocally or univocally : when wee speake of Vocation in generall , it is equivocall ; when of any speciall Vocation in particular , it is univocall . Without Vocations no civill state can subsist ; because Idlenesse maketh of men women , of women beasts , of beasts monsters . It was one of the sinnes of Sodome , as wee may reade in the Prophet Ezekiel . It was that which brought David the anointed of the Lord , nay the man after Gods owne heart , to commit adulterie . It was this which moved Salomon to bid the sluggard goe to the pismire to learne good husbandry . To be short , it was this which moved the Prophets to denounce judgement upon the flourishing'st Cities , for their securitie . How necessary then is it for all estates to be carefull , lest they incurre a heavy and fearfull censure , to addresse themselves to especiall Vocations , beneficiall to the state , and pleasing to God , whose glory should be our aime , without any by-respect unto our selves ? Wee shall see in most places both at home and abroad , how such trades or Vocations are most used , as may best suit with the nature and condition of the place . As in our Port-townes trafficke and commerce , conferring no lesse benefit to the state by importance , than profit to other Countries by exportance . Againe , in our Townes lying further within Land , the inhabitants use some especiall Trade to keepe their Youth in labour ; whereby they become not only beneficiall to themselves , but usefull and helpfull unto others . Amongst which , I cannot be unmindfull of the diligence of the Towne of Kendall , and worthy care which they have to see their very young children put to work , being a labour which requires no great strength , to wit , Wooll-worke . Wherein , so approved hath their care and industrie beene , as they have gained themselves no small esteeme in forraine places , who are made partakers of the fruit of their labours . For I have known a familie , consisting of seven or eight persons , maintained by the work of two or three stones of wooll , which amounted not above thirty shillings : and with this they maintained credit , living in an honest and decent manner . Whose labours as they were laudable , so have they beene no lesse furthered , favoured , and encouraged by our late gracious Soveraigne of renowmed memory ; who , of his princely clemencie , hath dammed all such impositions or heavy taxations as might any way impaire or impeach the free use of that Trade . Albeit now of late , the Towne of Kendall , so famous for Wooll-worke , by reason of a late decrease or decay of Trade in those parts , is growne no lesse penurious than populous : so as ( with griefe I speake it ) such Inhabitants as formerly by their paine and industrie were able to give an almes at their doore , are now forced to begge their almes from doore to doore . The redresse whereof , as it hath beene by the Prince and those prudent guides and guardians of our State , the Lords of his Privie Counsell , duely intended ; so no doubt , but by their wise care it shall be accordingly effected , & those poore people after so many miseries sustained , wholly releeved ; to the advancement of Gods glory , the supportance of many a needfull family , and the succeeding renowne of his Majesty , to whom every subject oweth his life , love and loyalty . The like commendation I could give to the Copperworkes used in the North ; more especially about Keswicke , where divers Dutch-men being planted , have for many yeares expressed no lesse judgement than industry in sundry excellent and choice experiments , which to their succeeding fame may perpetuate their memorie . For these , like cunning and experienced Artizans , have to doe in the bowels of the earth , whence they digge copper , which with incredible paines they bring to the Hammer . For so steepe , ragged and cliffie are those mountaines , whence their Copper is digged , as it might seeme a matter of impossibility to effect so intricate a worke ; but so infatigable are the Labourers which they employ , as their patience in suffering is no lesse to be commended , than their skill in contriving to be admired . But to speake in generall of all vocations , sciences , or Mysteries : wee are ever to observe the place and conveniencie thereof , that we may the better appropriate some especiall vocation according to the necessity and conveniencie of the place . As Ship-masters in places of trafficke and Navigation ; Sheep-herds , Graziers and Farmers , in places of plantation : according to that ancient proverbe ; Gardiners in Thessalie , Horsecoursers in Barbary . Now if you should object touching the difference of vocations , that some are more necessary than others : yea such as now seeme most necessary , have formerly ( as may appeare ) beene held Trades of indifferency : my answer is , I grant it ; yet not so altogether as some might object against the necessity of a Smiths trade , by alleaging that of the Prophet Samuel ; There was no Smith found thorowout all the Land of Israel . For this did not inferre that Smiths were of least use or imployment in Israel , but rather the necessity of them made so few amongst them , as may appeare in the latter part of the verse : For the Philistines said , lest the Hebrewes make them swords or speares . Here see the cause why there were so few in Israel , because they would have beene most usefull and behooffull to the people of Israel . For this cause were they banished , slaughtered and deprived of all meanes to assist their distressed Country , whose people hid themselves in caves , and in holds , and in rocks , and in towers , and in pits . For the first Invention of trades , arts or sciences , as they were in time and by degrees brought to perfection , so had they proper and peculiar persons , from whom they received their beginning and foundation . For example , tillage from Cain , pasturage from Abel , vintage from Noah , navigation from Zabulon , brazery or Smith-worke from Tubal-kain , musicke from Iubal ; which by succession of time came to such perfection as they are now in . The Satyre at the first sight of fire , would needs have kissed and embraced it , but Prom●theus checked him . So highly admired were things unknowne , and so familiarly imployed being once knowne . The like we may imagine at the first rising of Trades , what difficulties attended them , and what imperfections were incident to them ; being like the Beares whelpe , ever in licking , before they came to perfecting , ever in renuing and furbushing , ere they came to such furnishing as they now expresse . Yea , if we should make recourse to al such Scholasticke sciences or vocations ( if I may so terme them ) as have the name of Liberall Sciences : wee shall finde that in their infancy or minority , there were many defects and blemishes in them , having not as then attained that heighth or growth , which they have acquired at this day . For then wee had not a Quintilian to play the Grammarian ; a subtill Scotus to play the Logician , an eloquent Cicero for a Rhetorician ; a learned Euclid for a Mathematician ; a studious Archimedes for a Geometrician ; a famous Hippocrates to renowme a Physitian ; a sense-ravishing Orpheus to eternize the Musitian . Many conclusions were then to be sought and explored , ere such perfection as wee now enjoy could bee attained . For to instance Grammar ; how long may we imagine , and tedious might the taske bee , ere so many rules could bee so aptly digested and disposed ? how long before such rules could be by authority of so innumerable Authors approved ? how long being approved , before they could so generally and without opposition be received ? The like may be spoke of Logicke , which is rightly termed the Locke of Knowledge , opened by the Key of Art : what subtill and intricate Sophismes ? what formall and effectuall conclusions ? what rules of art to direct them in the maine current of their proceedings ? Those foure Questions produced by Arist. in his posteriors , how fit are they to be observed in the managing of every Subject : Quid nominis , quid rei , qualis sit , propter quid sit ? likewise his distinction or division of Places ; Topicall or Rhetoricall , called insita , being intrinsecally ingraffed or inserted in the Nature of the thing : also places derived ab antecedentibus & consequentibus ; as , the Sunne hath shone , whence it followeth , that day hath appeared ; the Sunne is set , whence it followeth that Night is approached . Also places derived a comparatione majorum , minorum & aequalium . As if Christ washed his Disciples feet , much more ought we to doe the same one to another . Likewise in those Locall circumstances , very necessary for searching and discussing the truth of any matter ; Who , what , what time , and where , How , why , what helps were there . Why ; as the offence was more blame-worthy in Iudas ▪ than if it had beene done by any other , being his Disciple ; and so of the rest . All which , as they tend properly to the office of an Orator ; so minister they no little elegancie even to our familiar discourse : wherein wee most commonly ( though wee observe not so much ) use some one of these places , to aggravate or extenuate the Subject whereof wee speake . The like also of Rhetoricke ; what perswasive inductions , what powerfull arguments are there to be found ? The definition whereof , if wee should expresse in one word , it is , To make great things little , and little things great . After Aeschines being banished Athens , was come to Rhodes , he declared in an Oration the cause of his exile ; the Rhodians no lesse satisfied with the pregnancie of his reasons , than ravished with the elegancie of his phrase , wondred at the Athenians who had banished him so undeservedly . O ( quoth he ) you heard not what Demosthenes answered to my reasons ! This moved Philip of Macedon in a treatie of league betwixt him and the Olynthians , to demand of them their Orators ; little doubting , but having once deprived them of the Stayes and supporters of their State , by receiving them as Hostages , he might quickly receive the Province into his subjection . It is above imagination to consider of the rare effects derived from moving or perswasive Rhetoricians , resembling in some sort passionate Actors ; Who to move passion , such an order keepe , As they feigne teares to make their hearers weepe . Now the difference betwixt Actors and Orators ( saith Cicero ) is , that the one intermixeth levitie in their action , to make their hearers laugh ; The other use all gravitie , authoritie , & serious arguments ( with a gracefull insinuation ) to perswade . Wherefore those are accounted ridiculous , these esteemed prudent . Neither is this excellencie of theirs only in passion or efficacie of perswasion , but in a subject of more admiration : which is , they can make blacke seeme white , and cloath that which in the eye of the world seemes most deformed , in a beautifull habit . Which Art Polycrates that Athenian Rhetorician had , who praised the Tyrant Busyris ; the like had Seneca , who praised the dissembling Claudius ; Favorinus , who commended the deformed Thersites ; no lesse elegant was * Maro in commending his Gnat ; Lucian a Flie ; Apuleius his Asse ; also Favorinu● a Quartan Ague ; Glauco , Injustice ; Synesius , Baldnesse ; Lucian , Flatterie ; Erasmus , Follie. Which elegant Paradoxes they have so wittily and perswasively handled , as they gained more approbation , than if they had beene Themes commonly received : for there is no discourse , of what nature soever , that can comparably delight the Reader or Hearer , like these which seeme opposite to opinion generally received , yet by strong and effectuall reasons use to be proved and maintained . Neither was this Rhetoricall Art lesse required in the Campe than in the Court : for if wee should peruse Histories both of ancient and succeeding times , we should finde what rare effects were brought to passe by this smooth inducing Art of Rhetoricke . How Souldiers became animated by hearing their Leader play the Orator , in extenuating the Enemies power , in proposing assured hopes of victory , and putting them in minde of their Ancestors glory : Againe , in shewing them the benefit of a rich booty , promising them much honour if they live , and no lesse memory of their valour if they should die . The like ( to descend to all those Arts whereof wee have formerly spoken ) may be said of the rare and admirable effects of the Mathematicks : what singular Conclusions have beene drawne from thence by the Line of Art ? What Secrecies above humane conceit have beene drained and derived from that mysterious knowledge ? Wherein many have offended rather by being too curious , than by being too little solicitous . Whence it was , that Euclid being demanded by one too inquisitive in the secrecies of Heaven , touching a question , which ( as he thought ) was more profound than profitable , he answered : Surely I know not this , but thus much I know , that God hateth such as are curious searchers after his secrets . I might here produce the Basis on which the studie of the Mathematicks is grounded , as also the exquisite and admirable effects or conclusions from thence derived , but I hasten to the rest . The power of Geometrie was shewne sufficiently in that studious Artist Archimedes , who by his owne proper power repelled the whole force of Marcellus and all his Army , laying siege to Syracusa : so as it was imagined that this one man did more good in defence of the Citie by his Art , than all the rest of the inhabitants did by the force of Armes . Neither had Marcellus ( as it was generally thought ) in long time prevailed , although the City was in most places razed and ruined , if it had not beene by false and trecherous meanes privately yeelded and betrayed . Where this Mirror of his time , the famous Archimedes , was suddenly in his studie surprized , and by a common souldier much against Marcellus will ) cruelly murdered . Touching Physicke , what rare cures have beene wrought by such excellent and expert Artists as have professed this knowledge ? It is wonderfull to read , what perfection Mithridates attained in this profession , being the first that found and gave name to that knowne receit against all poison , Mithridate : with which he so inured his body , to repell the force of poison ; as in his ebbe and decrease of fortune , when he had lost in one houre what he had in so many yeeres gained , being deprived of all meanes to cure his miserie , he laboured to finde a way to end his miserie , and that was to deprive himselfe of life ; which the better to effect , hee drunke poison ; but so strongly had his former receits fortified his body against such banefull effects , as it would not worke , nor as he expected , produce that tragicall issue with him . The rare cures of Dioscorides ; the admirable experiments of Hippocrates , to them that shall but peruse their Workes , will confirme the excellencie of this Art : where the One concludeth , that Art is long , Life short , Experience deceiving : implying , that so rare an Art could not be attained , but by much industrie ; Life being so short , and a very Embleme of frailtie , was to be used tenderly ; and Experience being so deceiving , was to be put in practice carefully . They give us this precept ; in sicknesse to respect health principally , and in health action . Health , that we might be made for action ; Action , that wee might the better preserve our health . Lastly Musicke , the first beginning or invention whereof , as it merits admiration ; so the perfection of it , at this day deserves applause : Finding an open Torteise on the ground , From it the Art of Musicke first was found . So observeth Du Bartas ; which indeed may rather be limited to one kind of Instrument , whereto the Torteise may seeme to have resemblance , that is , the Lute . Pythagoras chanced once into a company of Drunkards , where a Musitian ruled their lascivious Banket : hee presently commanded him to change his harmony with a Dorion , ( or an heavier tone ) and so with this tragicke melodie moved them to cast off their garlands , ashamed of whatsoever they had done , being brought by the accent of grave and solemne Musick to sobrietie . Whence it was , that Aristotle forbiddeth in his Common-wealth certaine lascivious Musicke , and alloweth the Doricall , which is of another kinde . The Arcadians by Musicke were transformed from savage and barbarous people to civilitie , and transported ( as it were ) from the violent current of naturall crueltie , to affabilitie and courtesie . Shall we descend to some diviner effects of Musicke , confirmed by holy Writ ? Saul being vexed with an evill spirit , when David played upon his Harpe , he was comforted , and the evill spirit departed . Musick causeth mirth and moane ; divine mirth , as appeareth in Salomons Songs ; a holy Turtle-like moane , as appeareth in Ieremies lamentable Threnes , Davids Penitentiall Psalmes . Elizeus prepared his spirit to receive the influence of prophecie by Musicke . When Israel had passed the Red-sea , Moses with the men , and Miriam the Prophetesse , sister of Aaron , with the women , sung Panegyries of praise to God , with Hymnes and Musicall Instruments . The like did Iudith , when shee had vanquished Holofernes . So did Deborah , when Sisera was discomfited . Augustine reports of himselfe , what comfort he cōceived at the beginning of his Conversion ; what teares he shed , and how he was inwardly moved with the harmonie and melodie which was used in Churches : yet thought that holy Father ( as he rightly thought ) that hee offended when hee was delighted more with the note and melody of the song , than sense of the Psalme : and therefore highly commendeth Saint Athanasius , who caused the reader of the Psalme to sound out the words with so small a forcing of his voice , as it seemed rather like one that did pronounce it , than one that did sing it . But I feare me , I have strucke too long on this string ; wherefore , lest I should wrong your generous patience too much , for whom I addressed my selfe at first to this Task : I purpose now to descend from speaking of Vocation in generall , to speake of the Vocation of a Gentleman in particular ; hoping to make amends by refreshing you in this , whose patience I have so much tired in the other . NOw are wee to addresse our selves in a more restrained and particular discourse , to propose a Gentleman his Vocation ; which , perchance , by our nicer and more curious Gallants , whose sense consists in sent , will be distasted and dispalated : but to such , whose understanding consists not in Perfumes , nor tye themselves to the vaine garbe of complement , as the onely posture whereon Gentry relyes , these ensuing Observations will not ( I assure mee ) seeme altogether unwelcome . S. Bernard writing to one Haimericus , Chancellor of Rome , in his very first salutation , without further insinuation , Wisheth him to forget those things which are behind , and to follow the Apostle to those things which are before . Which no man can doe , that either stands still , or is idle . Wherefore Hermes saith generally , Nothing in the whole world is altogether idle . The Wiseman hath allowed a time for every thing else , but for idlenesse he hath allowed no time . Moses Arke had rings , and barres within the rings , to signifie that it was not made to stand still , but to be removed from place to place . Iacobs Ladder had staves , upon which hee saw none standing still ; but all either ascending or else descending by it . Ascend you likewise to the top of the Ladder , to heaven , and there you shall heare one say , My Father doth now worke , and I worke also . Whereupon Basil noteth , that King David having first said , Lord who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle ; addes then , not he that hath wrought righteousnesse heretofore , but he that doth now worke righteousnesse ; even as Christ saith , My Father doth now worke , and I worke also . Descend you likewise to the foot of the Ladder , to the earth , and there you shall heare that Fig-tree accursed , which did beare leaves and no fruit . Whereupon Theophylact noteth , that Iohn Baptist having first said , The axe is laid to the root of the tree ; addes then , Not every tree that hath not brought forth good fruit heretofore : but , every tree that doth not now bring forth good fruit shall be cut downe , even as that fruitlesse Fig-tree was cut downe , and cast into the fire . Therefore wee must so walke , as God seeing our continuall fruitfulnesse , may say of us , I see men walking like trees . Men walke like Trees , when men are never idle , but alwayes abounding in the worke of the Lord : As the Tree of Life every month bringeth forth twelve manner of fruits . But that I may the better proceed in that which I have taken in hand ; you are to know , that the life of man is either active or contemplative , so as all our imployments have relation to the one , or to the other . Which two were represented in Mary and Martha . The One whereof was very attentive , sitting at Iesus feet , and heard his preaching : but Martha was cumbred about much serving . The former sitting at Iesus feet , hearing him preaching , may signifie likewise the spirituall man , whose actions , affections , motions and intentions , are wholly bent to the service of God , leaving all things to gaine him , who left his life upon the Crosse to save him . The Latter being cumbred about many things , signifies the Naturall man , who betakes himselfe to the imployments of this life , ministring to the necessitie of his family , labouring with his owne hands to get him a competent living . Neither are these to be divided one from the other , partaking indeed so neerely one of another . For as we are not altogether to imitate the Hermite or Anchorite in being wholly retired from the world ; so like the Libertine or loose worldling are we not too much to be cumbred or intangled with the world . For the First , as it implyes a kinde of hate to humane societie ; so the Latter inferres our too much care to the things of the Bodie . Now to observe that golden meane , which may free us ●●om being taxed by the one , or tainted with the other : ● doe thinke it fitting , that Gentlemen should be sociably affected , ever with a reservancie , with whom they keepe company ; Likewise from worldly affections weaned , that being on earth they may have their minds seated above : being ( I meane ) so free in the inward man , as rather than they will slave the noblest motions of the soule to the unworthy bondage of the body , they will endure want , contempt , or whatsoever the blinde world can lay upon them . The Vocation of a Gentleman , without more curiositie of division , is either publike or private . Publike , when imployed in affaires of State , either at home or abroad : at home , either in advising or acting ; abroad , as by way of embassage , or personall exploits in the field . Private , when in domesticke businesse he is detained , as in ordering his household ; or if not as yet attained to the name of Housholder , in labouring to know such things as may ripen his understanding when he comes unto it . Touching the First , to wit , Publike affaires of State ; as all are not fit for such a charge or burden ; so there is a necessitie injoyned such , who are able to undertake so great and weightie a Taske , to submit themselves willingly to the command of their Soveraigne , whensoever his pleasure shall be to make triall of their sufficiencie in affaires of State. In the carriage whereof , divers necessarie cautions have beene formerly observed by Statesmen . As first , to avoid all occasions of distrust , never to shew too much inwardnesse with forraine States : for this may beget a suspect in your Prince , that your aymes are neither faire nor loyall . It was this which broke Byrons necke : being accused to have had conference with one Picote , borne at Orleans , and fled into Flanders to have intelligence with the Arch-duke , to which Picote he had given an hundred and fifty crowns for two voyages to that effect . Likewise it was objected against him , that he had treated with the Duke of Savoy three dayes after his comming to Paris . Likewise the intelligence he had from the Duke of Savoy in the taking of Bourges , giving him advice to attempt against the Kings Armie . Likewise that hee should bring the King before Saint Katherines to be slaine there : and to that end had written to the Governour , giving him some tokens to know his Majestie . Likewise , that he had sent La Fin to treat with the Duke of Savoy , and the Count of Fuentes . To which , although he replyed , and in some sort purged himselfe , yet those treaties or parlyes which were proved against him , shewed him guiltie of divers indirect proceedings against him . It is dangerous therfore to entertain conference with Strangers in matters of State : for howsoever your aymes may be faithfull and honest , such Treaties may be so racked and misconstrued by such as maligne your greatnesse , as they will bring you in danger , if not to finall distresse . It is no lesse dangerous to one imployed in affaires of State , to be too credulous ; and that in two respects : either by being too credulous in giving trust to the relations of others , or by being too credulous in imparting his thoughts to the secrecie of others . For the former , it detracts much from the worth and estimate of man , yea ( and if I may so say ) argues great indiscretion to have an care open to all reports , seconding whatsoever is related , with an opinion of credulitie . For such as these , whom either greatnesse of Place by Descent , or some more noble and native characters of personall worth have advanced , need not want for Relaters in this kinde , especially if they finde them apt to beleeve whatsoever they shall be readie to report . Neither are any sort of men more subject to the garbe of strange and novell relations than Travellers : who may arrogate to themselves a libertie of invention in this kinde , by authoritie . Whence it is said , that Travellers , Poets and Lyers , are three words all of one signification . Now there is no meanes better to avoid the company of these fabulous Relaters , than by interrupting them , or by requiting their Tales ( to argue their incredibilitie ) telling stories farre more strange , and indeed beyond the compasse of common sense . : whereof I have heard a merry conceited Tale to this effect : A certaine Traveller , or at least one who desired though he never deserved that title , reporting wonderfull and incredible things which hee had seene in his travell , amongst the rest related this : Vpon a time it befell ( said he ) that I travelled along a certaine desart in Arabia felix , where I with others who then accompanied me , were assailed by a violent showre , so as labouring to flie for shelter to some covert , wee might perceive a little Coppice , wherein grew great store of Cabbages of such huge proportion , as the very leaves thereof ( so largely extended were the spurges ) might by their greatnesse give shadow to five hundred men . This Tale being told , one amongst the rest , to answer his Tale , makes this reply by way of discourse upon such occurrents as had hapned him in his Travell , proceeding thus ; It fortuned that I with some other Gentlemen of eminent ranke and quality , travelled neare the Riphean Mountaines , in the clifts of which Mountaines abundance of all metalls , but especially of copper , is daily found : Now as we coasted along , we might perceive some three leagues westward from those Mountains , a great number of people beating and knocking with incessant labour , but for what end wee knew not : wherefore with one consent we resolved to approach neerer them , and see about what they so eagerly laboured . Where we found five hundred Braziers making of one Caldron , which was of so huge proportion , as not any one of all those Braziers , though they were all employed in one worke , could heare one another strike . Good God ( quoth the former Traveller ) for what use was so huge a caldron made ? Surely ( replyed the second ) I cannot imagine for what use it should bee , unlesse it were to boyle your Cabbage in . This present and pregnant answer so daunted that fabulous Traveller , as he was ever after more sparing in discourse of his Travells . A States-man ought likewise to beware of giving credit to all forra in relations : for divers there be who presuming of the distance of place , will invent and vent their inventions to curry favour : having so couched and digested their new-minted Newes , as they passe for currant , at least they seeme probable for the present . And herein certainly have many beene abused , giving approbation to what was spoken onely by way of insinuation . The second respect , wherein a States-man ought not to bee too credulous , is this ; hee must not bee too open brested in imparting his thoughts to the secrecy of others . For if we say , that even a private man committing his secrecy to another , becomes his slave to whom he committed it : much more a States-man , whose affaires have no other limit than the publike state , by imparting his thoughts , or rather laying himselfe open to the trust or secrecy of others , makes himselfe bound , where he was before free ; yea , he endangers the body of the State , wherof he is an especiall member , by commending or committing her private intendments to the hazard of rumour , which should not be so much as possessed of the least intelligence given in matters of such maine importance . To be full of chinks in affaires of ordinary consequence , implies a great weaknesse : but especially , where the state is interested , there is injoyned that Comicke impreza : If wise , seeme not to know that which thou knowest : at least , divulge not thy secret'st thoughts to the danger of discovery , whereby thou put'st thy head under anothers girdle . He is my deare friend ( saith one ) to whom I will impart my inferiour aimes ; but he shall be incorporated with mee , to whom I will make knowne what may endanger me . The like is requisite to bee observed in affaires of State : where all Counsells and Consultations tending to the safety and security of the publike state , should be laid up as a secret Treasure , and not discovered to every mans trust . This that prudent and politicke Statesman , Harpagus rightly understood , when in disclosing a secret of state unto Cyrus that Persian Monarch , hee commanded such letters as included the Summe of his directions , to be inclosed and sowed in the belly of a Hare , and so dispatched the Messenger towards that victorious Commander . There is likewise required a noble and prepared resolution in euery States-man : being so affected , as neither price can taint him , nor power over-awe him : addressing his aymes wholly for the benefit of the State , preferring death before his Countries prejudice . Of this resolution or constancie of minde we have a notable example in Lewis Duke of Bavaria commended for his constancie ; in so much as being threatned by Albert the Marquesse of Brandenburgh , that if he would not condescend to some reasonable ransome for his libertie , hee would deliver him over into the hands of his enemie , answered , Aske that thing of me being prisoner , that thou would'st aske of mee as Liberty . The like wee reade of Pantaleon , who restrained in most strait bondage , was never a whit dismaied , nor so much as sighed , when he beheld his son Paraxaspis thrust to the heart . This resolution or stoutnesse of minde , might be illustrated by divers examples of the like kinde , but my purpose hath ever beene ( because these doe rather illustrate than prove or confirme ) to take them , as it were by the way , but in no case to dwell on them : wee will therefore descend to forraine imployments of State , as affaires of embassage or treaty with any Prince or state . Now it is expedient that such as bee imployed in affaires of this Nature , be choice and select men both in gifts of Nature , and state-experience . For in Nature is the foundation laid , which by experience and continuall imployment in state-businesse , useth to bee stored , furnished , and accomplished . So as I doe not altogether assent to his opinion , who thought that in choice of instruments to treat or negociate by way of Embassie betwixt Prince and Prince ; it is better to chuse men of a plainer sort , who are like to doe that , that is committed to them , and to report backe againe faithfully the successe , than those that are cunning to contrive out of other mens businesse , somewhat to grace themselves , and will helpe the matter in report for satisfaction sake . For his conclusion agrees not with his premises ; For ( saith he ) If you would worke any man , you must either know his nature , and fashions , and so lead him ; or his ends , and so perswade him ; or his weaknesse and disadvantages , and so awe him ; or those that have interest in him , and so governe him . Now how should a man , whom a simple plainnesse onely possesseth , one whom no diving or penetrating reach enableth , one whom the outward semblance onely instructeth , how should he ( I say ) by working any man , either know his nature or fashion , and so lead him ; since his eye can reach no farther than the outward seeming , which as oft deceives , as it receives diversitie of habits which it weares ? or how should he ( I say ) know his ends with whom hee treats and so perswade him , since politicke men doe usually pretend that which they least intend : shewing a faire glosse , and putting on a false face to delude , and deluding to colour their designes more cunningly ? or how should he discover the weaknesse or disadvantages of the person with whom hee deales , when his owne weaknesse so disables him , as hee oft-times lets opportunity slip , when the best advantage is for him ? or how discerne those which have interest in him , when his aymes are onely to conclude with him , with whom hee deales , without relation to any intercedent meanes to effect his businesse ? Neither is it to bee doubted , but such whose understanding hath attained a higher pitch , will be as ready to doe that which is committed to them , as those on whom a more plainnesse hath naturally seized : for these will duly consider the great danger they are like to incurre , if they should exceed their Commission either in doing too much , or detract from their Commission in doing too little . For in affaires of this nature especially , parum agendum est de proprio , yea , though in the opinion of the party imployed , it seeme that hee could goe more effectually to worke , than just as his Commission directs him . Manlius Torquatus commanded his sonne to be put to death , for fighting ( albeit prosperously ) against his commandement . Pub. Crass. Mutianus sending to his Inginer to send him the bigger of his two ship-masts that he had seene in Athens , to make a Ramme to batter downe the walls ; the Inginer sent him the lesse , imagining it to be fitter : wherefore Mutianus sent for the Inginer , and caused him to be so cruelly whipped with rods , that he died therewith . If disobedience in such affaires as these , being of lesser consequence , seemed among the Heathen cause sufficient to pronounce sentence of death upon the offender ; what may they deserve , who in conceit of their owne wisdome , dare take upon them directions of their owne , without tying themselves expresly to their commission ? And of these there be two sorts : The one , even in greatest and most important matters , will presume to take upon them without direction of Autho●itie : wherein as they commonly erre , so they give advantage to him with whom they have to deale , of making his owne bargaine upon such Termes as shall best please him : for how should one mans judgement equall a whole judicious Counsell ? So as in dealing with cunning persons , wee must ever consider their ends , to interpret their Speeches ; and it is good to say little to them , and that which they least looke for . The other sort tie themselves something more strictly or precisely to their Commission ; for these will be loth to disgresse from it in matters of weight and substance , but rather in some impertinent ceremony or circumstance : as wee read in the generall Historie of Spaine , that there came two Embassadours out of France unto King Alfonfe the ninth , to demand one of his daughters in mariage for their Soveraigne King Philip ; one of which Ladies was very faire , and named Vrraca ; the other nothing so gracious , and called Blanch. They both comming into the presence of the Embassadours , all men held it a matter resolved , that their choice would light upon Vrraca , as the elder and fairer , and better adorned : but the Embassadours enquiring each of their names , tooke offence at the name of Vrraca , and made choice of the Lady Blanch ; saying , that her name would be better received in France than the other . For matters of such indifferencie as these , it is not to be doubted but they are left to the discretion of the instrument : but for affaires of State , as they require due deliberation in discussing ; so require they the joynt assent and approbation of the State ere they come to concluding . THere are likewise publike imployments , wherein Gentlemen upon occasion may be interessed , which extend themselves to military affaires : in which , as it is not the death , but the cause of the death which makes a Martyr , so it is not the action , but the ground of the action which merits the name of valour . That act of Razis , in taking out his owne bowels , and throwing them upon the people , it was an act ( saith S. Austin ) that tasted more of stoutnesse than goodnesse . For what could that act of his benefit his Countrey ? wherein could it adde spirit to the distressed Maccabees ? wherein allay the heavy burden of their affliction , or minister the least releefe in the time of their persecution ? That act of resolution by that noble Bohemian , as it tasted more of true valour ; so it reared a columne of perpetuitie to his ever-living honour ; which exploit is thus recorded : When Mahomet the second of that name besieged Belgrade in Servia , one of his Captains at length got up upon the wall of the City , with banner displayed . Another Bohemian espying this , ran to the Captaine , and clasping him fast about the middle , asked one Capistranus standing beneath , whether it would be any danger of damnation to his soule , if hee should cast himselfe downe headlong with that dogge , ( so he termed the Turke ) to be slaine with him ? Capistranus answering , that it was no danger at all to his soule , the Bohemian forthwith tumbled himselfe down with the Turke in his armes , and so ( by his owne death only ) saved the life of all the City . The like worthy exploits might be instanced in those heires of fame , the Rhodians , in the siege of their City : the Knights of Malta in their sundry defeats and discomfitures of the Turks : the inhabitants of Vienna , who being but a handfull in comparison of their enemies , gave them not only the repulse , but wholly defeated their designes . This Valour or Fortitude , which indeed appeareth ever in the freest and noblest minds , is excellently defined by the Stoicks , to be , A vertue ever fighting in defence of equitie . These who are professors of so peerelesse a vertue , are more ready to spare than to spill : their aimes are faire and honest , free from the least aspersion either of crueltie or vaine-glory : for as they scorne to triumph over an afflicted foe , so they dislike that conquest ( unlesse necessitie enforce it ) which is purchased by too much bloud . The Salmacian Spoiles rellish better to their palate : for they are so full of noble compassion , as the death of their enemy enforceth in them teares of pity . This appeared in those princely teares shed by Caesar at the sight of Pompeys head ; and in Titus that Darling of Mankind , in those teares hee shed at the sight of those innumerable slaughters committed upon the Iewes . Now as my purpose is not to insist on the postures of warre ; so I intend not to dwell upon every circumstance remarkable in martiall affaires , but upon the maine scope of military discipline , whereto every generous and true bred Souldier is to direct his course . Let your aime be therefore , Gentlemen , to fight for the safetie and peace of your Countrey , in the defence of a good conscience , which is to be preferred before all the booties of warre : for as you have received your birth and breeding from your Countrey ; so are you to stand for her , even to the sacrifice of your dearest lives ; provided that the cause which you entertaine in her defence be honest , without purpose of intrusion into anothers right , or labouring to enlarge her boundiers by an unlawfull force . For howsoever the ancient Heathens were in this respect faultie , being some of them Truce-breakers , others violent intruders or usurpers of what was little due unto them : wee for our parts have learned better things , being commanded no● to take any thing from any man , but in all things learne to be contented . But of all enterprizes worthy the acceptance of a Gentleman in this kinde , if I should instance any one in particular , none more noble or better deserving ( as I have elsewhere formerly touched ) than to warre against the Turke that profest enemy of Christendome ; the increase of whose Empire may be compared to the milt in mans body ; for the grandure of it threatens ruine and destruction to all Christian States , drawing light to his Halfe Moone by darkening of others , and shewing even by the multitude of his insolent Titles what his aimes be , if the Lord put no● a hooke in the nose of that Leviathan . Praise-worthy therefore are those glorious , and ( no doubt ) prosperous expeditions of such English and other Christian Voluntaries as have stood , and even at this day doe stand engaged in personall service against the great Turke : for these , though they perish in the battell , shall survive time , and raise them a name out of the dust , which shall never be extinguished . These are they who fight the Lords battell , and will rather die than it should quaile : These are those glorious Champions , whose aime is to plant the blessed tidings of the Gospell once againe in that Holy Land , which now remaines deprived of those heavenly Prophets which shee once enjoyed , of those godly Apostles which she once possessed , of that sweet Singer of Israel with which her fruitfull coasts once resounded . O Gentlemen , if you desire imployment in this kinde , what enterprize more glorious ? If you aime at profit , what assay to your soules more commodious ? If you seeke after fame , ( the aime of most souldiers ) what expedition more famous ? since by this meanes the practices of Christs enemies shall be defeated , the borders of Christendome enlarged , peace in Sion established , and the tidings of peace every where preached . Besides , in assayes of this nature , being taken in hand for the peace and safeti● of Christendome , assureth more securitie to the person engaged : for little need he to feare a strong foe , that hath a stronger friend . Admit therefore that you returne , as one that commeth with red garments from Bozra , so as the Devill and his angels like wilde Bulls of Basan run at you , you shall breake their hornes in his Crosse for whom you fight . As wee have discoursed of imployments publike , which wee divided into two ranks , Civill and Military ; and of the manner how Gentlemen are to demeane themselves in Court or Campe ; so are we now to descend to imployments private , wherein wee purpose to set downe such necessary cautions or observances , as may seeme not altogether unprofitable or unusefull for the consideration of a Gentleman . And first , I will speake of the imployment of a private Iustice of Peace , wherein he is appointed and made choice of , not only to redresse such annoyances as may seeme to prejudice the state of that Countie wherein he lives , and is deputed Iustice ; but likewise to mediate , attone and determine all such differences as arise betwixt partie and partie ; for to these also extends the office of Iustice of Peace . Yea , wee are to wish him to be , as well 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a Compounder , as a Commissioner of the Peace . Godlinesse should be their chiefest gaine , and right and peace their greatest joy : for such are both Pacidici , and Pacifici , Pleaders for peace , and leaders to peace : Peace-lovers , and peaceable livers . As for the rest , they are deservedly blamed , that confine all their practice not within those ancient bounds , usque ad aras , but with those usuall bonds , usque ad crumenas . The old position was , Iustice is to be preferred before profit ; but now the termes are transposed in the proposition , and the avaritious desire of having never disputeth of the equity of the cause , but of the utilitie . Kinde men such are but where they doe take , hardening their hearts against the crie of the poore . If a man come to demand justice , he shall speed ill , having no money to give , no coine to present , no friends to speake , his cause is like to fall . Suppose out of two mites hee give one : the rich adversaries horse eats up the poore Clients oats ; there needs no Oedipus to vnfold this riddle : in the end the poore sheepe , that lost but a locke of his wooll in the Country , loseth his whole fleece in the Citie ; consumeth what he hath , spendeth his time , loseth his hope , and falleth his suit , be it never so good and honest . Whereas such ( and of such we only speake ) as doe a right judgement to the fatherlesse and widow , beare a resemblance of God , who is a loving Father to the Orphane , and a gracious Iudge to the widow . These will not for conscience sake pervert the right of strangers , fatherlesse , &c. for such as doe so , shall be b cursed upon mount Ebal : but these like pure Lampes , diffuse those divine beames of unblemished justice , to all places where they reside , resembling David , who c executed judgement and justice to all his people : or like that propheticall Dove , Ieremiah , ever d exhorting to execute righteousnesse and judgement . Or like that good Patriarke Abraham , ever e commanding his Houshold to doe righteousnesse and judgement . For these know , how f all the wayes of God are judgements . And that , g just and like a great deepe are Gods judgements . And the wicked h tremble at Gods judgements . And the wicked i understand not judgements . And therfore strive against k perverse judgements . Because they know what l equitie is to be required in judgements . Having ever before their m eyes Gods judgements . O how pretious are the lips of these who preserve judgement , being an honour to their Country , a pillar to the State , leaving a memorable name to themselves , which as that princely Prophet saith , shall never rot ! These are they , who have their faces n covered , lest they should have respect unto the person ; as godlinesse is their gaine and the preservation of a good conscience their principall ayme ; so if there were neither reward here , nor elsewhere , for such as executed justice and judgement ; yet for conscience sake , and a sincere love they bore to truth , would they continue in their zealous care to the profession and protection thereof . These are not of that Leaven who turne Iudgement to worme-wood , and leave off righteousnesse in the earth . For such in stead of judgement and equitie , execute crueltie and oppression . These are not of that sort , who preferre the purple before the person , the person before the cause ; never examining the cause how good it is , but observing the man how great he is . No , their counsells and consultations tend to the publike peace , and the redresse of such enormities as arise from vicious humours , breeding and spreading in the State. Now what imployment more fitting or accommodate for a Gentleman of what degree soever , than this , which inables him in affaires tending as well to himselfe in particular , as the Sterne of the State publike in generall ? Would you see errours and abuses in the State redressed ? You are seated where by your owne authoritie you may have them reformed . Would you have Officers execute their places under you honestly , being from corruption freed ? Your Prince , by especiall notice taken of you , hath so advanced you , that you may see all Offices under you duely executed , and where default shall be , have them punished . Would you further the poore mans cause , and see his wrongs releeved ? It is in your hand to effect that which you have desired . Would you purge your Countrey of such superfluous humours , as from long peace and too much prosperitie have oft-times issued ? You are those Physitians who may lance and cure those broad-spreading sores , with which the State hath beene so distempered . Would you curbe factions and contentious members , who like Samsons fire-brands tyed to Foxes tailes , kindle the fire of all division , and labour to have them extinguished ? You have authoritie to see such censured , that publike peace ( as becommeth a civill State ) might bee maintained . Now there are two extremes which ( like two dangerous rocks ) are carefully to bee avoided , lest the precious freight of Iustice might thereby hee enndagered . The one is rigour , the other indulgence . I approve therefore of his opinion , who would have intus mel , foris oleum ; as well cordialls as corrasives : for as some men ( and those of the basest and servilest condition ) are onely to be deterred from doing evill by the censure or penalty of the Law ; So there are others of a more generous and noble disposition , who are only to be reclaimed by faire and affable meanes ; and these are to be brought in rather by love than awe . For as wormewood of it selfe , expels diseases , yet is to be anoynted with honey , that the improvident age of childhood might bee deluded , and they from their Nurses teats the sooner weaned : so though this wormewood of rigour and severity bee of force to cure and expell most diseases raging or reigning ; yet being allayed with the honey of mercy and indulgence , it will sooner weane children , that is to say , such whose soft and easie temper is best perswaded by courtesie , than wormewood untempered , that is , than the Law to her highest pinne wrested . Indeed these Boanerges , the sonnes of thunder , are powerfull in deterring such , whose braving and domineering natures use to oppose themselves to right : for perswasions are as little available to these , as to sow sand in the ayre ; wherefore as the Law hath provided fit meanes to curbe and chastice such , whose obstinate and refractory natures will not by easie meanes be induced , so hath it qualified or attempered the rigour or bitternesse of such provisions , where there is assured hope , that the partie by easier perswasions will bee reclaimed . For if we will resemble that absolutest patterne or abstract of all Iustice , God himselfe ; we shall reade that he came as well in a still voyce , as in Thunder . So as , albeit a God when he delivered the Law , came downe in the fire ; And the b glory of God appeared on Mount Sinai , as a consuming fire ; And out of Gods mouth went a c consuming fire ; And in Gods wrath against d Israel was kindled fire ; And e Eliah was taken up into heaven by a Chariot and horses of fire ; And the f Angell appeared to Moses in a flame of fire ; And g every mans worke shall be tryed by fire ; Yet God , as he is to the wicked a h consuming fire : so to the godly he is a i comfortable fire . Be not then ever cloathed with fire , reprove the enormities of the State with the spirit of mildnesse , which if it will not prevaile , unsheath the sword of Iustice , that such may bee severely , curbed , who by gentlenesse would not bee cured . It is not to be doubted , but you shall encounter with delinquents of severall natures : the chastizing of both which sorts is left wholly to your discretion : for many things , though expresly enacted , are in respect of the manner , referred to your discretion to see them executed . Many there are , who will rather die for the act , than discover the act : like Epicharia a Libertine of Rome , who made privie to a conspiracie against Nero , would not disclose the plotters thereof , though tormented with cruell punishments : or Leena , who conspiratour against the Tyrant Hyppeas , was not agast at the death of her friends , though torne with extreme torments , but resolute to the end , would not reveale her partners , but bit in sunder her owne tongue , and spit it in the Tyrants face . There are others likewise , who will expose themselves to all extremities that Law can inflict , onely to gaine themselves a name ; such was Herostratus , who burned the Temple of Diana of Ephesus , onely for vaine-glory : but to these you are not to use indulgence ; for they that brave it in sinne , esteeming mischievous practices to bee their chiefest glory , are fallen into that gall of bitternesse , as in them there is small hope of remedy . Better it is that one perish , than that unitie perish , and in these ( sure I am ) that maxime is true ; He that spareth the evill , hurteth the good . for it is impossible that any State should flourish with increase of good men , where there is no difference made betwixt the good and evill . Wherefore you are to deale in the State , as skilfull gardners or vine-dressers doe with their Vines ; they cause the wild branches to be pruned , that their naturall sciens may bee better nourished . Vnfruitfull members , and such as are more burdensome than behouefull to a State , are to bee purged and pruned , that such whose honest care and providence deserves due praise among you may be the more encouraged , seeing these , who used to live on others labours , duly punished . Yet in all your censures beware of this , that no personall distaste aggravate in you the quality of the crime : I meane , let no private hate or dislike to any person , cause you to punish him , for this is a partiall and indirect proceeding , relying rather vpon the authority of your place , than equity of the cause . Farre more generous is it to bury all hate towards your foes , especially when by meanes of your place , it rests in your power to spare or punish . When Caesar commanded the demolished monuments of Pompey to bee set up againe ; Cicero told him that in erecting Pompeyes trophies hee established his owne . And no lesse generous was Scaurus , Domitius his enemy , who when a certaine servant of Domitius came before the judgement seat to accuse his master , he sent him home to his Master . The like of Cato and Murena . Be your censures likewise free from passion ; for there is nothing that so troubles the pure current of Iustice , or so much transformes man from himselfe , 〈◊〉 giving way to wrath . The saying of Archytas is much commended , who being angry with one of his Hindes , said ; O how would I have beaten thee , had I not beene angry with thee ! Heare the poore mans cause with an equall and impartiall care ; let not the greatnesse of his adversary be any barre to his plea , or any hinderance to his cause ; beare your selves sincerely with all singlenesse , uprightly without partiall connivence ; standing for your foe equally as your friend , if your foes cause be as honest as your friends . It was Bias saying , that he had rather be a Iudge amongst his Enemies , than amongst his friends : and this might probably bee his reason ; because his enemies would pry more narrowly into his actions than his friends ; and therefore his desire was to bee by them onely approved , by whom hee was chiefly observed . Yea , herein might you partake of a right noble revenge upon your enemies ; in shewing apparent testimonies of your care and zeale to the truth ; in preventing all occasions of scandall ; in preferring justice even in cases which neerely concerne your friend , before all termes of friendship ; having the testimony of a good conscience within you , as a wall of brasse against all opponents : for hence it was that Diogenes being asked how one should be revenged of his enemy , answered , By being a vertuous and honest man. For the whole life of every good man giveth testimony unto God of the integrity or uprightnesse of his conversation . But beware above all things ( as I formerly noted ) of accepting or respecting persons ; for this is the very bane of Iustice. Let not the rich man with all his presents tempt you , nor those many friends which he hath laid up in store to speake for him , taint you . Fie for shame ( saith Innocentius ) now adayes man is esteemed according to his money , whereas rather the money should bee esteemed according to the man. Every one is reputed worthy , if he be wealthy , and naught if he be needy ; whereas rather every one should be reputed wealthy , if he be worthy , and needy if he be naught . Marcus Caelius was said to have a good right hand , but an ill left hand ; because he could plead against a man better than for him . Be you so equally handed , as poyzing the weight of the cause sincerely , you may minister right judgment to all parties , being as ready to defend the cause of the needy , as of the wealthy , giving him the best countenance , who hath the best cause . It was Romes fault , which presages Romes fall , to be facunda inimicuiis , faecunda praemiis ; farre be it from our Iland , who as she hath enjoyed a long peace , so ought shee to become more thankfull to that God of peace , who in his mercy hath strengthned her bulwarkes , enclosed her as a hedged garden , fed her with the flower of wheat , making her feet like Hindes feet to runne the wayes which hee hath appointed . And so I come to speake of such private affaires as require the care and charge of a Gentleman , even within the compasse of his owne family . IF there bee any that provideth not for his owne , and namely for them of his Houshold , he denieth the faith , and is worse than an Infidell , saith the Apostle . Now how carefull should we be to remove from us , so hatefull a title as the name of infidell ? Have we not our appellation from Christ ? but in vaine are we named after Christ , if wee doe not follow Christ. Wee were not borne to passe our time in an improvident or carelesse sensuality ; wee were not created onely to cramme our selves , and spend our dayes in securitie ; Man ( saith Iob ) was borne to labour , as the sparkes to flie upward ; at least to provide for his owne family , over which hee is made a master : by releeving them outwardly with all necessaries , and inwardly with all good and wholsome instructions . Now to propose you a forme , in what manner you are to demeane your selves towards all degrees within your family : I shall little need , since the Apostle himselfe hath so notably laid downe every ones office or duty : where hee sheweth in what manner Wives are to submit themselves unto their Husbands ; and againe , how Husbands should love their Wives , Even as Christ loved the Church , and gave himselfe for it . In the next ensuing chapter hee declareth the duty of Children in these words ; Children obey your parents in the Lord , for this is right . Then he descendeth to the duty of Parents ; And ye , Fathers , provoke not your children to wrath : but bring them up in instruction and information of the Lord. Then touching servants ; Servants bee obedient unto them that are your masters , according to the flesh , with feare and trembling , in singlenesse of your hearts as unto Christ. Concluding the last duty with Masters ; And yee Masters doe the same thing unto them , putting away threatning : and know that even your master also is in heaven , neither is there respect of person with him . Thus have wee briefly and cursorily runne over those particular duties , deputed to every one from the highest to the lowest in their peculiar places and offices ; where we can finde no exemption from the servant to the master , but that certaine particular duties are injoyned either . As every mans house is his Castle , so is his family a private Common-wealth , wherein if due government be not observed , nothing but confusion is to be expected . For the better prevention whereof , I have thought good to set downe sundry cautions , as well for direction in affaires temporall , as spirituall ; which observed , it is not to bee doubted but that God will give you all good successe to your endevours . First therefore , in affaires Temporall I could wish you to observe this course ; so to provide for the releefe and supportance of your family , as you may not onely have sufficient for yourselves , but also bee helpfull unto others ; sufficient for your selves in providing food and apparell , being all which Iaakob desired of God : and helpfull unto others , in giving food and raiment to the fatherlesse , in providing releefe for the desolate and comfortlesse , in harbouring the poore , needy and succourlesse , and briefly in ministring to the necessity of the Saints , and all such as are of the family of faith . And because providence is the way , by which releefe both to your selves and others may bee sufficiently ministred , beware of Prodigality , and excesse ; lest you give your honour unto others , and your yeares to the cruell . Lest the stranger should be filled with your strength , and your labours be in the house of a stranger . Go rather to the Pismire , who though she have no guide , governour , nor ruler , provideth in Summer her granary for Winter . Neither is it sufficient to gather , but frugally to dispose of that which is gathered . This Providence admits of no Vitellius break-fasts , nor Cleopatra's bankets . The Prodigalls daintie tooth brought him to feed on husks . Esau's to sell his birth-right for a messe of pottage . Ionathans for a honey-combe to endanger his life . The Israelites to murmure against Moses . Babylons golden cup , to fill her full of abominations . I have observed , and no lesse admired than observed , how some have consumed their estates in satisfying their appetites , and that only in the choice of meats and drinkes ; and was not this a great vanitie ? That those , whom meats , though lesse delightfull , yet more healthfull might haue sustained , and fewer diseases occasioned ▪ could not content themselves with that which might have better satisfied nature , but to shew themselves Epicures rather than Christians , will bestow the revenues of a Manour upon the superfluous charge of a supper . For these are they , who like Ery●thous bowels , will disgorge as much upon the boundlesse expence of their owne Family , as might serve well for releeving a whole Countrey . These are they who like the Endive or Misselto , sucke up all the native verdure and vigour of such plants as they inwreath : for by their excesse , though their owne luscious palats taste no want , the commonaltie feeles it , when they goe to the Markets , and finde the rate of all provision inhanced by such , whose Prodigalitie scarce extends a provident eye to themselves , much lesse to the behoose of others . It is said of Cambletes the gluttonous King of Lydia , that he dreamed he devoured his wife , while they lay sleeping together in the same bed ; and finding her hand betweene his teeth when he awaked , hee slow himselfe fearing dishonour . Howsoever the History be authenticke ; sure I am the Morall taxeth such , whose Epicureall mindes are only set upon prodigall expence , without respect either of present fortunes , or care to posteritie , whose want is oft-times procured by their riot . To be short , as Parcimonie is too late when it comes to the bottome ; so it may be with discretion used , when it is at the top : for I approve of his opinion , who would have a Gentleman neither to hoord up niggardly , nor lash out lavishly . For as the former argueth a miserable and ignoble minde , so the latter sheweth a minde improvident and indiscreet ; both which are to be so avoided ; that a meane betwixt both may be duely observed . For as I would have a Gentleman , even in arguments of outward bountie , shew whence he was descended ; so would I have him keepe a Hawke , left his too free disposition be ●hrough necessitie restrained . So as in matters of expence , I hold his resolve authenticke , who said ; I will never spare where reputation bids mee s●end , nor spend where honest frugalitie bids me spare . It is a good rule , and worthy observation : for whosoever spares , when with credit and reputation hee should spend , is indiscreetly sparing : and whosoever spends , when with honest frugalitie hee may spare , is prodigally spending ▪ Now in government of a Family , as I would not have you too remisse ; so I would not have you too severe , towards your Servants ( I meane ) and those who have received their several charge from you : this it was which moved the Apostle to exhort masters to put away threatning ; adding this reason : For know that even your Master also is in heaven , neither is there respect of person with him . Therefore it was Saint Augustines prayer unto God , that he would root out of him , all rashnesse , frowardnesse , roughnesse , unquietnesse , slownesse , slothfulnesse , sluggishnesse ; dulnesse of minde , blindnesse of heart , obstinacie of sense , truculencie of manners , disobedience to goodnesse , repugnance of counsell , want of bridling the tongue , making a prey of the poore , shewing violence to the impotent , calumniating the innocent , negligence of subjects , * severitie towards servants , harshnesse towards familiars , hardnesse towards neighbours . Hence note , how in this holy Fathers repetition and enumeration of many grievous and odious sinnes , he toucheth severitie towards servants , as a hainous and egregious offence : and not without great cause ; for if we be taught not to muzzle the Oxe that treadeth out the corne : and that , we are to spare the life of our beast : much more ought we to have mercie over such as partake with us in the same Image , which wee have equally from him received , by whom we live , move , and have our being . I approve therefore of them , who put on the spirit of mildnesse towards such as are deputed or substituted under them , bearing with one anothers weaknesse , as those who have a compassionate feeling of humane infirmities , not laying such heavie burdens upon them , as they themselves will not touch with their finger , but will in some measure partake with them in all their labours . But of all other vices incident to masters , there is none more hatefull in the sight of God and man , than the unthankfulnesse or disrespect of masters towards their servants , when they have spent their strength , and wasted themselves in their service . These like the Grey-hound in the fable , may well say , that they see nothing can please , but that which doth profit : when they were young , able and fit to endure labour , they were respected ; whereas now being old , infirme , and helplesse , either to themselves or others , they are sleightly regarded . Whereas , if they were thankfull masters , these whom they once loved for profit sake in youth , they would now love in age , in respect of the profit they reaped by their youth . But , alas , doe we not see how nothing is more contemptible than an old Serving-man ? He may say he was a man in his time , but that is all . There is no man that will know him , since his blew-coat knew no Cognizance ; the losse of his Crest , makes him hang downe his crest , as one crest-fallen : so as the poore Larke may boast of more than he may : for every Larke hath his crest , saith Simonides , but he hath none . To redresse this , as in humanitie you ought , so I know such as are Generously disposed , will : that those who have deserved well under you , being now growne aged , yet unpreferred , may by your care be so maintained , that their service of Labour may be made a service of Prayer , offering their sacrifice of devotion unto God , that great Master of a Houshold , that he in his mercy would give a happie successe unto all your endevours . Now as the Labourer is worthy of his wages ; for , cursed is he that defraudeth ●he labourer of his hire : so there is an especiall care required in every servant to looke unto that which is given him in charge . For the better discharge whereof , it is injoyned you that be Masters ; not to be too remisse in your care and overseeing thereof ; for much oversight is usually committed for want of a good overseer . Admonish your servants that they intend their charge ; suffer them not to idle , but in their peculiar places to doe that which they in dutie are to performe , and you in reason are to expect . Wherein , as they proceed in diligence , so are you to require their care with a cheerefull thankfulnesse . If it be your lot to have such an one as Iaakob was , ( as rare it is to finde such an one as he was ) reward him not with a bleare-eyed Loah , for a beautifull and faire Rahel : I meane , abridge not , nor scant not their wages ; for this is a discredit to your selfe , and a discouragement to your servant . If he say , These twenty yeeres I have beene with thee : thine ewes and thy goats have not cast their young , and the rams of thy flocke have I not eaten . Whatsoever was torne of beasts , I brought it not unto thee , but made it good my selfe : of mine hand diddest thou require it , were it stollen by day , or stollen by night . I was in the day consumed with heat , and with frost in the night , and my sleepe departed from mine eyes . Thus have I beene twenty yeeres in thine house , and served thee fourteene yeeres for thy two daughters , and six yeeres for thy sheepe , and thou hast changed my wages ten times . If ( I say ) hee hath thus served you , and shewne faithfulnesse in that charge over which hee was appointed , reward him with a bountifull hand , and encourage his care with your best countenance . Whereas , contrariwise , if you meet with such a Servant , that saith in his heart , My master doth deferre his comming ; and shall begin to smite the servants , and maidens , and to eat , and drinke , and to be drunken ; you are not to use remisnesse to such a Servant , but to cut him off , lest you give example unto others , by your indulgence , to be of the like condition . In briefe as a good servant is a precious jewell , tendring the profit and credit of him he serveth ; so an evill servant , whose service is only to the eye , and not for conscience sake , is a scatterer of his substance whom he serveth ; aiming only at his owne private profit , without least respect had to his Masters benefit . Difference therefore you are to make of their care , in cherishing the one , and chastising the other ; which can hardly be effected , unlesse you , who are to make this difference of your servants , have an eye to their imployments . Neither would I have your care so extended , as to afflict and macerate your selves by your excessive care : a meane is the best both in the preservation of health and wealth . Be diligent ( saith Salomon ) to know the state of thy flocke , and take heed to thy herds . Yet withall note his conclusion : Let the milke of thy goats be sufficient for thy food , for the food of thy familie , and for the sustenance of thy maids . Whence you may observe , that to gather is admitted , so the use or end for which wee gather be not neglected . For such , whose Hydroptick minds are ever raking and reaping , yet know not how to imploy the blessings of God , by a communicative exhibition unto others , are become vassals unto their owne ; making their gold-adoring affection an infection , their reason treason , and the wealth which they have got them , a witnesse to condemne them . But I have insisted too long on this point , especially in framing my speech to you , whose more free-borne dispositions will ever scorne to be tainted with such unworthy aspersions : wherefore I will descend briefly to such instructions , as you are to use touching spirituall affaires , being Masters of Housholds in your private families . WE reade that Abraham commanded his sons , and his houshold , that they should keepe the way of the Lord , to doe righteousnesse and judgement : And wee are taught what wee must doe , returning from Gods house to our owne : and what wee are to doe sitting in our houses , even to lay up Gods word in our heart and in our soule , and binde it for a signe upon our hand , that it may be as a frontlet betweene our eyes . And not only to be thus instructed our selves , but to teach them our children , speaking of them when thou sittest in thine house , and when thou walkest by the way , and when thou liest downe , and when thou risest up . And not so onely , but thou shalt write them upon the posts of thine house , and upon thy gates . Whence you see , how no place , time , or occasion is to be exempted from meditating of God : but especially in Housholds and Families ought this exercise of devotion to be frequently and fervently practised ; for a Blessing is pronounced upon the performance hereof , as appeareth in the foresaid place , and the next ensuing verse , where he saith , You shall doe all that I have commanded you , that your dayes may be multiplied , and the dayes of your children , in the land which the Lord sware unto your fathers to give them , as long as the heavens are above the earth . Marke the extent of this Blessing , for it promiseth not only length of dayes to them that performe it , but even to the children of them that performe it ; and that in no unfruitfull or barren land , but in the land which the Lord sware unto your fathers to give them ; and that for no short time , but so long as the heavens are above the earth . So as , this blessed promise , or promised blessing , is ( as one well observeth ) not restrained , but with an absolute grant extended : so that , even as the people that were in the gate , and the Elders wished in the solemnizing of that mariage betwixt Boaz and Ruth , that their house might be like the house of Pharez ; so doubtlesse , whosoever meditates of the Law of the Lord , making it in his Familie , as a familiar friend to direct him a faithfull counseller to instruct him , a sweet companion to delight him , a precious treasure to enrich him , shall finde successe in his labours , and prosperitie in the worke of his hands . But amongst all , as it is the use or Masters of housholds to call their servants to account for the day past ; so be sure , Gentlemen , and you who are Masters of houses , to enter into your owne hearts , by a serious examination had every night , what you have done , or how you have imployed your selves , and those Talents which God hath bestowed on you , the day past ; in imitation of that blessed Father , who every night examined himselfe , calling his soule to a strict account , after this manner ; O my soule , what hast thou done this day ? What good hast thou omitted ? what evill hast thou committed ? what good , which thou shouldst have done ? what evill , which thou shouldst not have done ? Where are the poore thou hast releeved ? the sicke or captive thou hast visited ? the Orphan or widow thou hast comforted ? Where are the naked , whom thou hast cloathed ? the hungry , whom thou hast refreshed ? the afflicted and desolate , whom thou hast harboured ? O my soule , when it shall be demanded of thee , Quid comedit pauper ? how poorely wilt thou looke , when there is not one poore man that will witnesse thy almes ? Againe , when it shall be demanded of thee , Vbi nudus quem amicivisti ? how naked wilt thou appeare , when there is not one naked soule that will speake for thee ? Againe , when it shall be demanded of thee , Vbi sitiens quem potasti ? Vbi esuriens quem pavisti ? Vbi captivus quem visitasti ? Vbi moestus quem relevasti ? O my soule , how forlorne , wretched , and uncomfortable will thy condition be , when there shall not appeare so much as one witnesse for thee to expresse thy charitie ? not one poore soule whom thou hast releeved ! one naked whom thou hast cloathed ! nor one thirstie whom thou hast refreshed ! nor one hungry whom thou hast harboured ! nor a captive whom thou hast visited ! nor one afflicted whom thou hast comforted ! Thus to call your selves to account , by meditating ever with S. Hierome of the judgement day , will be a meanes to rectifie your affections , mortifie all inordinate motions , purifie you throughout , that you may be examples of pietie unto others in your life , and heires of glory after death : concluding most comfortably with the foresaid Father ; If my mother should hang about mee , my father lie in my way to stop me , my wife and children weepe about mee , I would throw off my mother , neglect my father , contemne the lamentation of my wife and children , to meet my Saviour Christ Iesus . For the furtherance of which holy resolution , let no day passe over your heads , wherein you addresse not your selves to some good action or imployment . Wherefore Apelles posie was this , Let no day passe without a line . Be sure every day you doe some good , then draw one line at the least : according to that , Line upon line , line upon line . And Pythagoras posie was this , Sit not still upon the measure of corne . Doe not looke to eat , except you sweat for it : according to that , He which will not worke , let him not eat . In my Fathers house ( saith Christ ) are many mansions . So that no man may sing his soule a sweet requiem , saying with that Cormorant in the Gospell , Soule take thy rest : for in heaven onely , which is our Fathers house , there are many mansions to rest in . In this world , which is not of our Fathers house , , there are not many mansions to rest in , but onely Vine-yards to worke in . Wherein , because not to goe forward , is to goe backward , we are to labour even to the day of our change . Hereupon Charles the fifth gave this Embleme , Stand not still , but goe on farther ; Vlterius : as God saith to his guest , Superius : Sit not still , but sit up higher . Doing thus , and resolving to be no masters over that Family , whose chiefest care is not the advancement of Gods glory , you shall demeane your selves , being here worthy that Vocation or calling , over which you are placed , and afterwards , by following hard toward the marke , obtaine the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Iesus . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Of the difference of Recreations ; Of the moderate and immoderate use of Recreation ; Of the Benefits re●ounding from the One , and inconveniences arising from the Other ; Of Recreations best sorting with the qualitie of a Gentleman ; And how he is to bestow himselfe in them . RECREATION . RECREATION , being a refresher of the minde , and an enabler of the bodie to any office wherein it shall be imployed ; brancheth it selfe into many kinds ; as Hawking , which pleasure , one termed the object of a great minde , whose aymes were so farre above earth , as he resolves to retire a while from earth , and make an Evening flight in the aire . Hunting , where the Hounds at a losse shew themselves subtill Sophisters , arguing by their Silence , the game came not here ; againe , by being mute , it came not there ; Ergo , by spending their mouthes it came here . Fishing , which may be well called the Embleme of this world , where miserable man , like the deluded fish , is ever nibbling at the bait of vanitie . Swimming , an exercise more usuall than naturall , and may have resemblance to these diving heads , who are ever sounding the depths of others secrets ; or smimming against the streame , may glance at such whose only delight is opposition . Running , a Recreation famously ancient , solemnized by the continued succession or revolution of many ages , upon the Olympiads in Greece , so as the account or yeerly computation came from Races and other solemne games used on Olympus . Wrastling , Leaping , Dancing , and many other Recreations of like sort , as they were by the continuance of many yeeres upon Olympus kept , and with publike feasts duly celebrated : so in many places of this Kingdome , both Southward in their Wakes , and Northward in their Summerings , the very same Recreations are to this day continued . Shooting amongst the Scythians and Parthians , was an exercise of especiall request , as afterward amongst the Amazonites , being women expert above all people of the world in Shooting and practising the Dart. Bowling amongst the Romans was much used , especially in Lucullus time , whose Garden-alleyes were ever stored with young Gentlemen , who resorted thither to Recreate themselves with this exercise . The Greekes had a a Cynosargus , to traine and exercise their Youth in Wrastling ; and a Cerostrotum to annoint their bodies in before they wrastled . The ancient Romans had a b Circus , to inure and practise their Youth against military service , wherein they wrastled and contended . They used likewise , as the French doe to this day , the exercise of the c Ball , which play is never sufficiently praised by Galen : being an exercise wherein all the organs or faculties of mans bodie are to be imployed ; as the eye to be quicke and sharpe in seeing , the hand readie in receiving , the body nimble in moving , the legges speedie in recovering . That Fencing also was of much use and practice among the Romans , even in their height of glory , and during the flourishing time of their Empire , may appeare by that high commendation which Cicero giveth it , terming it , d The strongest and soveraignest exercise against death and griefe . That Iusts , Turnaments and Barriers ( likewise ) were amongst our ancient Knights usually practised and observed , both for gaining the favour of such Ladies as they loved , as also for the honour of their Country , vanquishing such strangers with whom they contended ; may appeare in Histories of all ages . Or to descend to more soft and effeminate Recreations : we shall finde , of what great esteeme Musicke was , even with some , who were in yeeres as ripe , as they were for wisdome rare . Socrates , when he was well strucke in yeeres , learned to play upon the Harpe . Minerva and Alcibiades disliked the lowd Musicke of Dulcimers and Shalmes , but admired the warbling straines of the Harpe . Plato and Aristotle would have a man well brought up in Musicke . Lycurgus in his sharpe lawes allowes of Musicke . Chyron taught Achilles in his tender yeeres , Musicke . Achasia , with Diotima and Hermione , taught Pericles Prince of Troy ( or rather Duke of Athens ) Musicke . Epaminondas of Leuctra , was experienced in Musicke . Themistocles was lesse esteemed , because not seene in Musicke . Alexander was so ravished with Musicke , that when he heard a Trumpet , he used to cry ad arma , ad arma ; not able to containe himselfe : so highly were his spirits erected by the force of Musicke . Painting likewise among the ancient Pagans , was for a Recreation used , though at this day , through the dishonour our painted Sepulchers doe to their maker , much abused . Fabius surnamed Pictor , from whence the Fabii tooke their names , was a painter , for he painted the walls of the Temple of Peace . Metrodorus a Philosopher and painter of Athens , sent to by L. Paulus to bring up his children , and to decke the Romane triumphs . Protogenes his table wherein Bacchus was painted , moved King Demetrius lying at the City Rhodes , so much to admire his rare Art and Workmanship , that whereas he might have consumed the City with fire , he would not for the preciousnesse of that table : and therefore staying to bid them battell , wonne not the City at all . So Campaspe pictured out in her colours by Apelles ; and Crotons five daughters , lively pourtrayed by Zeuxes , gained those famous Artists no lesse honour . Howsoever his art was in painting , I cannot chuse but commend his quicke wit in answering , being by them reproved whom he most distasted ; and thus it was . Two Cardinalls reproving one Raphael a painter , in that he had made the pictures of Peter and Paul too red , answered , That Saint Peter and Saint Paul were even as red in heaven , as they saw them there , to see the church governed by such as they were . This device or invention of painting , was by the Pagans generally , but especially those of the better sort , taken only for a recreation , and no trade or profession ; labouring to shew their cunning in beautifying , garnishing and adorning the triumphs of their Conquerours , or in decoring their Temples dedicated to the Gods. As the Scythes used to erect Obeliskes or square stones upon the hearse of the deceased , in number so many as he had slaine of his enemies : where he that had not slaine an enemy could not drinke of the Goblet , spiced with the ashes of some memorable Ancestor , at solemne feasts and banquets . For other painting ( too much affected at this day ) it was not so much as used by any Matron , Wife , or Virgin , whose best red was shamefastnesse , and choicest beauty maiden bashfulnesse : onely , as Festus Pompeius saith , common and base whores , called Schaenicolae , used daubing of themselves , though with the vilest stuffe . But this may seeme an art rather than a recreation ; wee will therefore descend to some others , whose use refresheth and recreateth the minde , if imployed as they were first intended , being rather to beguile time , than to reape gaine . And first for the Antiquity of Dice-play , we have plenty of authorities every where occurring : being much used by all the Roman Emperours at banquets and solemne meetings , where they bestowed themselves and the time , at no game so much as dice. So as , Augustus was said to be a serious gamester at dice : affecting them much , when at any time hee retired from Court or Campe. Whence it is , that Suetonius bringeth in Augustus Caesar speaking thus ; Si quas manus remisi cuique exegissem : aut retinuissem quod cuique donavi , vicissem , &c. If I had exacted those chances which I remitted every one , and kept that which I bestowed , I had gotten by play ; whereas now I am a loser by my bounty . Though no game more ancient , or which indeed requireth a conceit more pregnant than the Chesse ; which we read to have beene in great request amongst the ancient Romans , whereof we have a History in the time of Caius Caligula , tending to this purpose . This Emperour being naturally addicted to all cruelty , chanced one day amongst others to send for one Canius Iulus a Philosopher of eminent esteeme at that time : with whom , after some conference , the Emperour fell into such a rage , as he bade him depart thence , but expect within short time to receive due censure for his boldnesse : For ( quoth he ) flatter not thy selfe with a foolish hope of longer life , for I have doo●ed thee to bee drawne by the officer unto death : But see with what resolution this noble Canius bore himselfe ! I thanke you ( quoth he ) most gracious Emperour , and so departed . Within some few dayes after , the Officer ( according to the Emperours commandement ) repaired to the houses of such as were adjudged , not by any legall processe , but onely by the Emperours pleasure , to suffer death ; amongst which , he made repaire to Canius house , whom hee found playing at Chesse with one of his companions . The Officer without delay gave him summons to prepare himselfe , for it was the Emperours pleasure he should die : whereat , as one nothing amated or discouraged , he called the Officer unto him , and * numbring the Chesse-men before him and his companion with whom hee played : See ( quoth hee ) that after my death thou report not that thou hadst the better of the game : then calling upon the Centurion or Officer : Be you witnesse ( quoth he ) that I was before him one . Thus laughed this noble Philosopher at death , insulting as much over death , as hee insulted over him , who adjudged him to death . This kinde of game , now flater yeares is growne so familiar with most of our neighbouring Countries , as no one play more affected or more generally used . So as wee have heard of an Ape who plaid at Chesse in Portugall : which implyed , the daily use and practice of that game , brought the Ape to that imitation . And certainly , there is no one game which may seeme to represent the state of mans life to the full , so well as the Chesse . For there you shall find Princes and Beggers , and persons of all conditions ranked in their proper and peculiar places ; yet when the game is done , they are all thrust up in a bagge together : and where then appeares any difference betwixt the poorest Begger , and the potentest Peere ? The like may be observed in this stage of humane frailty : while we are here set to shew during the Chesse-game of this life , we are according to our severall ranks esteemed ; and fit it should be so , for else should all degrees be promiscuously confounded : but no sooner is the game done , the thred of our short life spunne , than wee are throwne into a bagge , a poore shrouding sheet , for that is all that wee must carrie with us : where there shall bee no difference betwixt the greatest and least , highest and lowest : for then it shall not bee asked us how much wee had , but how we disposed of that we had . Thus farre have we discoursed of the first part , to wit , of the difference of recreations : thinking it sufficient to have touched only such as are most usuall and knowne unto us . For some others , which wee have purposely omitted , lest our Mindian gate should grow greater than our City , we shall have occasion to speake of some of them , when we are to discourse of such Recreations , as are to be made choice of by Gentlemen of best ranke and quality . In the meane time we will descend to the second part , to wit , the moderate and immoderate use of Recreation . IF wee eat too much honey , it will grow distastfull ; so in Recreations , if we exceed , they must needs grow hurtfull . I approve therefore of his opinion , who adviseth us to doe with Recreations , and such pleasures wherein wee take delight , as Nurses doe with their brests to weane young children from them : annoint them a little with Allöes ; sprinkling our sweetest delights with some bitternesse , to weane us from them with more easinesse . Neither is it my meaning that Gentlemen should be so from the pleasure of Recre●tion weaned , as if from society wholly estranged : for this were like him , who became Hermit because he might not have her he loved . But rather so to attemper or allay the sweetnesse of such pleasures or delights as they betake themselves to , that they bee never too much besotted with them . This course that Gentleman tooke , who perceiving himselfe too much affected on Hawking , resolved one day to weane his minde a little from it , by trying his patience with some inconveniences incident to it . Wherefore he set a lazie Haggard on his fist , and goes to his sport : where he finds store of game but few flights ; for wheresoever the Partridge flew , his Hawke never made farther flight than from tree to tree , which drove the Gentleman faulconer to such impatience , as he lesse affected the pleasure for long time after . The like I have heard of a Gentleman who used much bowling : which Recreation he so continually practised , for the love he bore it , as his occasions were much neglected by it , which to prevent , as he rode farre for his pleasure , so he stayed late ere hee returned home , of purpose , so to become wearied , that his minde by that meanes might from his pleasure be the sooner weaned . But these experiments as they are oft failing , where the minde is not come to setling : so in my opinion there is no meanes better or surer to weane man , endued with reason , from being too much captived or enchained with these pleasures , than to consider what benefits redound from moderate Rec●e●t●on , and againe what inconveniences arise from immoderate delight therein . First then , let us consider the end for which Recreations were ordained , and wee shall finde that they were rather intended to beguile time , than to bestow our selves on them all our time . Though many , too many there be , who will not sticke to say with him who sported himselfe in the warme Sunne , Vtinam hoc esset vivere , would to God this were to live ; would to God this Recreation were a Vocation , this pleasure my trade forever . No , as Recreation was at first intended for refreshing the minde , and enabling the body to performe such offices as are requisite to bee performed : so is it not to bee made a Trade or profession , as if we should there set up our rest , and intend nothing else . Consider therefore the Benefits which redound by a moderate or temperate use of Recreation . FIrst it refresheth or cherisheth the minde , accommodating it to all studies : clearing the understanding which would be easily depressed , if either with worldly cares , or more noble and generous studies wholly restrained . It is said of Asinius Pollio , that after the tenth houre he would be retained in no businesse , neither after that houre would he reade so much as any Letter . Of Cato likewise , that he used to refresh his minde with wine ; the like of Solon and Archesilaus , that they would usually cheere their spirits with wine : yet whosoever should object drunkennesse to Cato , might sooner prove that crime honest , than Cato dishonest . So as , whether we beleeve the Greeke Poet , It is sometimes pleasing to be a little madding ; or Plato , who in vaine expulsed Poets the bounds of his Common-weale ; or Aristotle , That there can never be any great wit without some mixture of folly : we shall finde , that even the gravest and most experienced Statists have sometimes retired themselves from more serious affaires , to refresh and solace their tired spirits with moderate recreations . The Poet excellently describes a man buried in the deepe slumber of contemplation , after this manner ; He dies , pent up with studie and with care . So were the Anchorites and Hermites in former time , being wholly divided from societie : yea so immured , as they seemed to be buried living . Whose conversation , as ( questionlesse ) it argued a great mortification of all mundane desires ; so it ministred matter of admiration to such , who given to carnall libertie , wondred how men made of earth , could be so estranged from conversing with inhabitants of earth . But to leave these , and imagine their conversation to be in heaven , though their habitation was on earth : we perceive hence , how beneficiall Recreation is to the minde , in cheering , solacing , and refreshing her , if used with moderation . How it lessens those burdens of cares , wherewith shee is oppressed , revives the spirits , as if from death restored , cleares the understanding , as if her eyes long time shut , were now unsealed , and quickens the invention , by this sweet respiration , as if newly moulded . Neither is this Benefit so restrained , as if it extended onely to the minde ; for it conferres a Benefit likewise to the bodie , by enabling it to performe such labours , Taskes or Offices , as it is to be imployed or exercised withall . There are two proverbs which may be properly applied to this purpose : Once in the yeare Apollo laughes ; this approves the use of moderate Recreation . Apollo's Bow 's not alwayes bent ; this shewes , that humane imployments are to be seasoned by Recreation : wee are sometimes to unbend the bow , or it will lose his strength . Continuall or incessant imployment cannot be endured : there must be some intermission , or the bodie becomes enfeebled . As for example ; observe these men who either encombred with worldly affairs , so tye and tether themselves to their businesse , as they intermit no time for effecting that which they goe about : or such as wholly nayled to their Deske , admit no time for Recreation , lest they should thereby hinder the progresse of their studies . See how pale and meager they looke , how sickly and infirme in the state of their bodies , how weake and defective in their constitution ? So as to compare one of these weaklings with such an one as intermits occasions of businesse , rather than he will prejudice his health 〈◊〉 serving times as well for recreation and pleasure , as for imployment and labour , were to present a spectacle of Iuius Dwarfe , not two foot high , and weighing but seventeene pound , with a Rhinoceros , Tiger or Serpent of fiftie cubits long : such difference in proportion , such ods in strength of constitution . For observe one of these starved worldlings , whose aimes are onely to gather and number , without doing either themselves or others good with that they gather ; with what a sallow and earthy complexion they looke , being turned all earth before they returne to earth . And what may be the cause hereof , but their incessant care of getting , their continuall desire of gaining , being ever gaping till their mouthes be filled with gravell . So these , who are wholly given and solely devoted to a private or retired life , how unlike are they to such as use and frequent societie ? For their bodies , as they are much weakned and enfeebled , so is the heat and vigour of their spirits lessened and resolved , yea their dayes for most part shortned and abridged : the cause of all which proceedeth from a continuall secludi●g and dividing themselves from company , and use of such Recreations , as all creatures in their kinde require and observe . For if we should have recourse to creatures of all sorts , wee shall finde every one in his kinde observe a recreation or refreshment in their nature . As the Beast in his chace , the Bird in her choice , the Snaile in her speckled case , the Polypus in her change , yea the Dolphin is said to sport and play in the water . For as * all things were created for Gods pleasure , so hath he created all things to recreate and refresh themselves in their owne nature . Thus farre have wee discoursed of moderate recreation , and of the benefits which redound from it ; being equally commodious to the minde as well as the body , the body as well as the minde : to the minde , in refreshing , cherishing and accommodating it to all studies ; to the understanding , in clearing it from the mists of sadnesse : so the body , in enabling it for the performance of such labours , tasks , or offices , as it is to be imployed or interessed in . It now rests that wee speake something of her opposite , to wit , of immoderate recreation , and the inconveniences which arise from thence ; whereof wee shall but need to speake a word or two , and so descend to more usefull points touching this Observation . AS the wind Caecias drawes unto it clouds , so doth immoderate recreation draw unto it divers and sundry maine inconveniences : for this immoderation is a loosener of the sinewes , and a lessener of the strength , as moderation is a combiner of the sinewes , and a refiner of the strength . So dangerous is the surfet which wee take of pleasure or recreation , as in this wee resemble Chylo , who being taken with the apprehension of too much joy , instantly died . Now who seeth not how the sweetest pleasures doe the soonest procure a surfet ? being such as most delight , and therefore aptest to cloy . How soone were the Israelites cloyed with quailes , even while the flesh was yet betweene their teeth , and before it was chewed ? So apt are wee rather to dive than dip our hand in honey . Most true shall every one by his owne experience finde that saying of Salomon to be ; It is better to goe to the house of mourning , than to goe to the house of feasting : for there may wee see the hand of God , and learne to examine our lives , making use of their mortalitie , by taking consideration of our owne frailtie . Whereas in the house of feasting , wee are apt to forget the day of our changing , saying with the Epicure , Eat , drinke , and play ; but never concluding with him , To morrow wee shall die . So apt are wee with Messala Corvinus to forget our owne name , Man , who is said to be corruption ; and the sonne of man , wormes meat . For in this Summer Parlour 〈◊〉 flourie Arbour of our prosperitie , wee can finde time to solace and recreate our selves ; lie upon beds of ivorie , and stretch our selves upon our beds , and eat of the lambs of the flocke , and the calves out of the stall . Singing to the sound of the viole , and inventing to our selves instruments of musicke like David . Drinking wine in bowles , and anointing our selves with the chiefe ointments , but no man is sorry for the affliction of Ioseph . So universall are wee in our Iubile , having once shaken off our former captivitie . To prevent which forgetfulnesse , it were not amisse to imitate the Roman Princes , who ( as I have elsewhere noted ) when they were at any time in their conquests or victorious triumphs with acclamations received , and by the generall applause of the people extolled , there stood one alwayes behind them in their Throne , to pull them by the sleeve , with Memento te esse hominem : for the consideration of humane frailtie is the soveraignest meanes to weane man from vaine-glory . Whence it was that Themistocles , when Symmachus told him , that he would teach him the art of memory , answered , he had rather learne the art of forgetfulnesse ; saying , he could remember enough ; but many things he could not forget , which were necessary to be forgotten ; as the over-weening conceit of himselfe , the glory of his exploits , and merit of his actions , the memory whereof tended more to his prejudice than profit . But to descend to the particular inconveniences occasioned by immoderate Recreation ; we shall find both the Minde and Body , as by Moderation cheered and refreshed , so by Immoderation annoyed and distempered . It was a good rule which those great men of Rome observed in their Feastings and Cup-meetings ; Wee will drinke not to drowne us , but to drowne care in us . Not to reave sense , but revive sense . Not as those who are ever carousing in the cup of Nepenthe , steeping their senses in the Lethe of forgetfulnesse . For these , like those b●se Elyots slaved to ebrietie , have buried that glory of man , the reasonable part , in the lees of sensualitie . These are so farre from standing upon their guard , as the Devill may safely enter either upon the Fore-ward or Rereward without resistance : for mans securitie is the Devils opportunitie , which he will not slip though man sleepe . I read of one Leonides a Captaine , who perceiving his souldiers left their watch , upon the City walls , and did nothing all the day long but quaffe and tipple in Ale-houses neere adjoyning , commanded that the Ale-houses should be removed , being the Cittadels wherin they resided , from that place where they stood , and set up close by the walls ; that seeing the souldiers would never keepe out of them , at the least wise that they might watch as well as drinke in them . These were souldiers fit for such a Captaine , and a Captaine worthy the training of such souldiers ; being one who could sort himselfe to the necessitie of the time , and frame himselfe to their humour ; when hee could not bring them of with more honour , yet he brought them to stand upon their guard , though they could hardly stand to their tackling : so as I conclude , their March could not chuse but be lazie , when their heads were so heavy . Generally , but irregularly , is this broad-spreading vice of Drunkennesse holden now adayes for a Recreation ; so deeply rooted is the custome of impietie , being once strengthned by impunitie . For what is our Sabbath Recreation in City and Country , but drinking and carousing , imagining ( belike ) that the Sabbath cannot be prophaned , if wee use not such works or labours wherein our Vocation is usually imployed ? If the Iewes made the Temple of God a Den of theeves ; wee come neere them in making that our Temple , which gives harbour unto theeves . For what are our City or Country Ale-houses , for most part , but the Devils Boothes , where all enormities are acted , all impieties hatched , all mischievous practices plotted and contrived ? These are those sinkes of sinne , where all pollution and uncleannesse reigneth , where fearfull oathes and prophanation rageth , whence all sensuall libertie ariseth . O Gentlemen , let not this professed friend to securitie attend you ! It will make you unlike your selves , transforming that glorious image which you have received , like Cyrces guests , who became Swine , by being too sensually affected . It was sage Cleobulus saying , That ones servant made merry with wine , was not to be punished ; for ( saith he ) in seeing him , thou shalt see thy folly of drunkennesse all the better . Whence it was that some Countries have formerly used ( though the custome seeme scarcely approved ) to make their slaves or vassals drunke , to shew unto their children the brutish condition of that vice ; whereby they might be the better weaned and deterred from that , which through the libertie of Youth is usually affected . For if we should but observe the braine-sicke humours of these professed drunkards , we would rather admire how reason should be so strangely drenched and drowned in the lees of senselesse stupiditie , than ever be drawne to become affecters of so loathsome a vice . Yet see the miserie of deluded man ; how many , and those of excellentest parts , have beene and are besotted with this sinne ? for who ever lived , and shewed more absolute perfection in action and person , than that great Conquerour and Commander of the whole world , Alexander the great ? Yet what uncomely parts plaid he in his drunkennesse ? How full of noble affabilitie and princely courtesie being sober ? how passionately violent , once fallen to distemper ? Witnesse the burning of Persepolis , to which cruell attempt hee was perswaded by a common and profest Strumpet , even Thais , whom all Greece had 〈◊〉 for a publike prostitute . Likewise his killing of Callisthenes , being one whom he so dearly affected , as hee was never well , but when hee enjoyed his company . Of both which facts hee so repented , as it was long ere hee would bee comforted . Neither onely such as hee , who was a Souldier , and therefore might seeme rather to claime in some sort a liberty in this kinde : ( for of all others , wee observe such as these to bee more addicted to these distempers , than others whose more civill and peaceable conversation have inured them to a better temper : ) but even those ( I say ) whose sincerity of life , and severity of discipline had gained them all esteme in their Countrey , have beene likewise branded with this aspersion . As Censorius Cato , than whom none more strict or regular ; Asinius Pollio , than whom none more gracious or popular ; Solon , than whom none more legall ; Archesilaus , than whom none more formall . Yet if wee did but note how much this vice was by the Pagans themselves abhorred , and how they laboured to prevent the very meanes whereby this vice might be either cherished or introduced , wee would wonder that moderation in a Heathen , should be so weakly seconded by a Christian . Amongst them , kinsmen kissed their kinswomen , to know whether they drunke wine or no ; and if they had , to be punished by death , or banished into some Iland . Plutarch saith , That if the Matrons had any necessity to drinke wine , either because they were sicke or weake , the Senate was to give them licence , and not then in Rome neither , but out of the City . And how much it was hated , may appeare by the testimonie of Macrobius , who saith , That there were two Senatours in Rome chiding ; and the one called the others wife an Adulteresse , and the other his wife a Drunkard , and it was judged that to bee a Drunkard was more infamy . Thus you see even in Pagans , who had but onely the light of Nature to direct them , how loth they were to drowne the light of reason through drunkennesse , being indeed ( as a good Father well observeth ) An enemy to the knowledge of God. To conclude then this first point ; may it bee farre from you Gentlemen , to deprive your selves of that which distinguisheth you from beasts : make not that an exercise or Recreation , which refresheth not , but darkeneth the understanding . Drinke you may , and drinke wine you may , for wee cannot allow the device of Thracius , but we must disallow Saint Pauls advice to Timothy , Vse a little wine for thy stomacks sake , and thine often infirmities . So as you are not injoyned such a strict or Laconian abstinence , as if you were not to drinke wine at all : for being commanded not to drinke , it is to be implyed , not to use drunkennesse , wherein is excesse ; for in many places are wee allegorically and not literally to cleave to the Text. As for Origen , strange it is , that perverting so many other places by Allegories , onely he should pervert one place , by not admitting an Allegory . For our Lord commanding to cut off the foot , or any part of the body which offendeth us , doth not meane we should cut off our members with a knife , but our carnall affections with a holy and mortified life : whence it is , that a Origen was iustly punished by using too little diligence , where there was great need , because he used too great diligence where there was little need . No lesse worthy was b Democritus errour of reproving , who was blinded before hee was blinde : for a Christian need not p●t out his eyes , for feare of seeing a woman , since howsoever his bodily eye see , yet still his heart is blinde against all unlawfull desires . Neither was Crates Thebanus well advised , who did cast his money into the Sea , saying , c Nay sure I will drowne you first in the Sea , rather than you should drowne me in covetousnesse and care . Lastly , d Thracius , of whom Aulus Gellius writeth , was for any thing that I can see , even at that time most of all drunken , when hee cut downe all his vines , lest hee should bee drunken . No , I admit of no such strict Stoicisme ; but rather ( as I formerly noted ) to use wine or any such strong drinke to strengthen and comfort Nature , but not to impaire her strength or enfeeble her . For as by a little we are usually refreshed , so by too much are wee dulled and oppressed . There are some likewise , and these for most part of the higher sort ( I could wish they were likewise of the better sort ) who repaire to the House of the strange woman , sleeping in the bed of sinne , thinking so to put from them the evill day : And these are such as make whoredome a Recreation , sticking not to commit sinne even with greedinesse , so they may cover their shame with the curtaine of darknesse . But that is a wofull Recreation , which brings both soule and body to confusion , singing Lysimachus song , Short is the pleasure of Fornication , but eternall is the punishment due to the Fornicator : so as , though hee enjoy pleasure for a time , hee shall bee tormented for ever . But consider this , Gentlemen ; you ( I say ) whose better breeding hath instructed you in the knowledge of better things ; that if no future respect might move you ( as God forbid it should not move and remove you from these licentious delights ) yet respect to the place whence you descended , the tender of your credit which should be principally valued , the example which you give , and by which inferiours are directed , should bee of force to weane you from all inordinate affections , the end whereof is bitternesse , though the beginning promise sweetnesse . It was Demosthenes answer unto Lais , upon setting a price of her body , Non emam tanti paenitere : sure I am , howsoever this Heathen Orator prized his money above the pleasure of her body , and that it was too deare to buy repentance at so high a rate ; that it is an ill bargaine for a moments pleasure , to make shipwracke of the soules treasure ; exposing reputation and all ( being indeed the preciousest of all ) to the Object of lightnesse , and Subject of basenesse , paying the fraught of so short a daliance with a long repentance . Wherefore my advice is unto such as have resorted to the House of the strange woman , esteeming it only a tricke of youth , to keepe their feet more warily from her wayes : For her house draweth neere unto death , and her paths unto Hell. So as none that goe in unto her , shall returne , neither shall they understand the wayes of life . Let such as have herein sinned , repent ; and such as have not herein sinned , rejoyce , giving thankes to God , who hath not given them up for a prey to the lusts of the flesh ; craving his assistance to prevent them hereafter , that the flesh might be ever brought in subjection to the spirit . For as the Lionesse having beene false to the Lion , by going to a Libard ; and the Storke consorting with any other besides her owne mate , wash themselves before they dare returne home ; and the Hart , after he hath satisfied his desire , retires to some private or desolate Lawne hanging downe his head , as one discontent , till he hath washed and rinsed himselfe , and then he returnes cheerfully to his herd againe : so we cannot be unto God truly reconciled , till we be in the floud of repentance thorowly washed . Thus shall you from the wayes of the strange woman be delivered ; thus shall your good name , which is aptly compared to a precious ointment , remaine unstained ; and a good report shall follow you , when you are hence departed . There is another Recreation used by Gentlemen , but especially in this Citie ; which used with Moderation , is not altogether to be disallowed : and it is repairing to Stage-playes , where , as they shal see much Lightnesse , so they may heare something worthy more serious attention . Whence it is , that Thomas Aquinas giveth instance in Stage-playes , as ●ittest for refreshing and recreating the minde , which likewise Philo Iudaeus approveth . But for as much as divers objections have beene , and worthily may be made against them , we will here lay them downe , being such as are grounded on the Sacred Word of God ; and with as much perspicuitie and brevitie as we may , cleare and resolve them . Playes were set out on a time by the Citizens for the more solemnity of a league concluded betwixt the Cantons of Berna and Tiguris ; touching which Playes , sundrie differences arose amongst the Ministers of Geneva , which could not easily be determined , about a young Boy , who represented a woman in apparell , habit and person : in the end it was agreed of all parts , that they should submit the determination of this difference , with generall suffrage and consent , to the authenticke and approved judgement of their Beza , holden for the very Oracle both of Vniversitie and Citie . This controversie being unto him referred , he constantly affirmed , that it was not onely lawfull for them to set forth and act those Playes , but for Boyes to put on womens apparell for the time . Neither did he onely affirme this , but brought such Divines as opposed themselves against it ▪ to be of his opinion , with the whole assent and consent of all the Ecclesiasticall Synod of Geneva . Now in this first objection , we may observe the occasion , which moved these zealous and learned Divines to make a doubt of the lawfulnesse of Stage-playes , because ( said they ) it is not lawfull for men to put on womens apparell , or women to put on mens . As we reade how Stephanio , an Actor of Roman Playes , was whipped , for having a mans wife waiting on him , shorne in manner of a boy . Which doubt being so soundly and sincerely cleared by so glorious a light of the Church , we will no longer insist upon it , but descend to the next Objection . We are therefore to come to another place of Scripture , pressed likewise by such as oppose themselves to the lawfulnesse of Stage-playes , as we finde it written in the 118. Psalme , Turne away my eyes that I see no vanitie . Which requireth of us a two-fold consideration ; Generally , for the whole nature of things , as in that place of Salomon , Vanitie of vanities , &c. in which sense I freely confesse that Stage-playes may passe under the name of Vanitie . Specially , for subjects vaine , light , foolish , frivolous , fruitlesse , being such as are to be applied or accommodated to no good use or profitable end ; in which sense or signification our Stage-playes may in no sort bee termed vanitie . For wee shall gather , by a right use and application of such things as we shall heare and see , many excellent precepts for instruction , sundrie fearefull examples for caution , divers notable occurrents or passages , which well applied ( as what may not be perverted ) may confer no small profit to the judicious hearer . The third Objection may probably ground it selfe upon the testimony of Saint Luke 6.24 . Woe unto those that laugh now , &c. Whence it may be gathered , that if the Scripture condemne Laughter , then consequently Stage-playes also , whose speciall ayme and intendment is to make men laugh . But it is to be understood , that Christ directeth his speech to those perverse and malicious men , whose mourning is but a dissembled sorrowing , outwardly grieving , and inwardly laughing ; who speake one thing with their mouth , but professe another thing in their life : for this is not to be understood of the common societie or conversation of men , as if Christ should forbid any one to laugh at all ; but rather of immoderate laughter , whence is that of the Poet ; Woe unto thee whose Spleene affecteth laughter , For thy short joy shall turne to sorrow after . For as feare begetteth Humility , so too much mirth procureth levitie . Much laughter corrupteth manners , and looseth the sinews of their former strength , but a grave countenance is the preserver of knowledge ; yet addeth Ecclesiastes unto this : There is nothing better than for man to rejoyce in his workes ; which David confirmeth Psalme penult . So as , there is nothing by this Objection proved , but what with all reason may be approved : for immoderate mirth is that which is here condemned , being that which we have in this observation especially touched and taxed : whence we may inferre , that moderate delight tasting more of sobrietie than levitie , is not only allowed , but commended . The fourth Objection is taken from Saint Matthew , Chap. 12.36 . But I say unto you , that for every idle word , &c. of which word , that wee may use no other exposition , than what the ancient Fathers themselves have used ; we will shew in this place their severall expositions upon this parcell of holy Scripture . Tertullian in his booke of Patience , understandeth by every idle word , whatsoever is vaine and superfluous . But Theophylact by idle words understandeth lyes , calumnies , all inordinate and ridiculous speeches . Chrysostome , almost after the same manner interpreteth it , saying , that by idle words are understood such as move uncomely and immodest laughter . Gregorie understandeth by these which want the profit ever redounding from modestie , and are seldome uttered upon any precedent necessitie , things frivolous , fables , old-wives tales . All which severall expositions , as they agree in substance , so doe we cloze with them in every circumstance . For such as these which corrupt Youth by light and scurrillous jests , so little are they to be affected , as the very Stages where these are used , are to be hated . For the fifth , it is written to the Corinth . 10.7 . and Exod. 32.6 . The people ●ate downe to eat and drinke , and rose up to play : which argument is drawne from Chrysostome , where he sheweth that by these words the Apostle meant two maine inconveniences , being the effects of false worship , and endangering the soules shipwracke , to wit , the Idolatry , or Idolomany of the Israelites done to the Golden Calfe in Dan and Bethel . But farre be this from the conceit of any to imagine , that Stage-playes intended for modest delight and Recreation , should ever move the Spectatour to such abomination . For so much ought Stage-playes to be from introducing any such impietie , as they should not so much as once present in their shewes or Pagents , ought that might tend to the depraving of the Hearer in matters of conversation , much lesse in drawing their minds to any prophane or Pagan opinion : which should not be so much as once named , much lesse entertained amongst Christians . For the sixth , it is grounded on the foundation of the same Apostle , where in divers places he writeth expresly against fables ; as 1 Tim. 1.4 . Give no heed to fables , &c. Againe , the 1 Tim. 4.7 . But cast away prophane , and old-wives fables , &c. Againe , the 2 Timoth. 4.4 . Taxing such as shall turne their eares from the truth , and shall be given unto fables . Againe , 2 Pet. 1.16 . The Apostles in their doctrine were not directed by deceivable fables . But for these Comedians , let them speake for themselves , being such as follow the steps of Terence , Menander , &c. Or may be properly referred to the Lesbian rule of Menander , and the Lydian stone of Paul. For such as breed corruption in our manners ( that I may jumpe in opinion with Plato ) let them faile to * Anticyra , and undergoe due censure for their errour . But how worthy the workes of some of the Ancient Comedians have beene , may appeare by the Apostles alleaging divers of their sentences in his Epistles , and vouchsafing to use the name of their Poets , by a generall title , to approve some things in them worthy reading . As that of Luke 9.5 . a proverbe used by Euripid. in his Tragedies ; that also of Menander , made sacred by the mouth of the Apostle Paul , 1 Cor. 15.33 . As it is likewise manifest , that the same Apostle Paul used the authoritie of Aratus and Epimenides , Act. 17.28 . All which adde a reverend approbation to the authoritie of Poets . The seventh Objection which these Stage-Antagonists frame , is taken from Ephes. 5.4 . where the Apostle willeth and warneth that these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 &c. that is , such things as become no man , and which our very eares should abhorre to heare , ought not to be so much as once named amongst Christians . Whereto I answer , that as these things tending to lightnesse were inveighed against by the Apostle , that hee might leave unto us a more excellent patterne or example of modestie , which is an ornament that suteth best with the children of God : So there is none , having the light of grace in him , or fearing the judgement that is to come , who will applaud these scurrilous jests , which are wont to deprave , but seldome to edifie the understanding : whereof the Poet speaketh ; Iests that unseason'd are , I cannot beare , For they distaste a modest bashfull eare . But it may be here againe objected , that every thing , being ( as Augustine testifieth , ) either a hinderance or a furtherance ; these Stage-playes , which are properly called the Bellowes of vice , may rather seeme a hinderance in the course and progresse of vertue , than any furtherance to him in his practice therein . Besides , Playes ( saith Ambrose ) ought not to be knowne of Christians , because there is no mention at all made of them in holy Scripture . Whereto wee briefly answer thus with Peter Martyr that sound and profound Divine , that in holy Scripture we have ( as it were ) a general rule set downe unto us , touching all things mediate or indifferent , in the number whereof are Playes necessarily included . Yea , but Augustine the Prince of the Latine Fathers , seemes to affirme , that even those Stages or Theaters where their interludes were acted , were more abhominable than those idolatrous sacrifices , which in honour of the Pagan gods were offered . But hence is to bee understood , that this holy Father meant of such solemne Playes or Enterludes as were acted and usually celebrated by the Heathen in the honour of their Father * Liber , and other Ethnicke gods , for the yearely increase of their fruits : wherein many uncomely and immodest parts were played . Yea , but where shall we finde these Stage-actors in former times so much as countenanced , being such as Quintilian termeth expresly , Hypocrites , from counterfeiting the manner , measure , motion , gesture , gate , grace , and feature of such persons as they represent ; whose fashion they often retaine when they have resumed their owne Habit ? yes , and by the eminent'st and noblest personages . Edward the sixth so much approved them , as he appointed one who was a witty Courtier to bee ( as it were ) the chiefe master or disposer of the Playes , who by his office should take care to have them set forth in a princely and sumptuous sort ; which Office to this day retaines the name of the Master of the Revels . Likewise our late Queene Elizabeth of blessed memory , rightly stiled the worlds Phaebe , among women a Sybilla , among Queenes a Saba : how well she approved of these Recreations , being ( as shee termed them , ) harmlesse spenders of time ; the large exhibitions which she conferred on such as were esteemed notable in that kinde , may sufficiently witnesse . Neither did shee hold it any derogation to that royall and princely Majestie , which shee then in her regall person presented , to give some countenance to their endevours , whereby they might be the better encouraged in their action . Yea , if wee would but peruse some bookes treating of this subject , we should finde Poets in generall to have received such countenance and approbation from the most eminent'st Princes , as their Poems never wanted Patrons , nor the Authors themselves Benefactors : which by instances I intend here to confirme , though the prosecution hereof may seeme digressive to our present discourse . Wee read how much Amyntas King of Macedonia , made of the tragicall Poet Euripides , the Athenians of Sophocles ; in what price the noble and Heroicke poems of Homer were holden by Alexander , placing them in that curious Cabinet which hee got in the spoile of Darius ; and not onely Homer the Father of the Poets , was so honoured by him , but for his sake all other meaner Poets : in so much as Cherilus no very good Poet , had for every verse well made , a Philips Noble of gold , amounting in value to an Angell English , and so for every hundred verses ( which a cleanly hand could presently dispatch ) hee had an hundred Angels . And since Alexander the great , how Theocritus the Greeke Poet was favoured by Ptolomie King of Aegypt , and Berenice his wife . Ennius likewise by Scipio , Virgil and Horace by Augustus ; betwixt which two Poets the Emperour sitting one day , and one that might bee bold asking what hee did ; Marrie ( said hee ) I sit here betweene groanings and teares ; for the one was ever sighing , and the other seemed as if he were ever weeping . But to descend to our later times ; how much were I●han de Mehune , and Guillamne de Loris made of by the French Kings ? and Ieffery Chaucer , Father of our English Poets , by Richard the second ; who , as it was supposed , gave him the Mannor of Newholme in Oxfordshire ? and Gower by Henry the fourth ? Harding by Edward the fourth ? Also how Francis the French King made Sangelais , Salmonius , Macrinus , and Clemens Marot of his Privie Chamber , for their excellent skill in Latine and vulgar Poesie . And Henry the eighth , for a few Psalmes of David translated and turned into English Meetre by Sternhold , made him groome of his Privie Chamber . Also one Gray , in what favour grew he with Henry the eighth , and after with the Duke of Somerset , Protectour , for his Hunt is up , Hunt is up ? And Queene Marie , for one Epithalamie made by Vargus a Spanish Poet , at her marriage with King Philip , solemnized in Winchester , gave him during his life two hundred Crownes pension . Nor were Poets only eminent in this kinde , but esteemed for their universalitie of knowledge , apt for any office publike ; as in the administration of Common-weales affaires , conduct of Armies , &c. for wee finde that Iulius Caesar was not only the most eloquent Orator of his time , but also a very good Poet , though none of his doings therein be now extant . Quintus Catulus a good Poet , and Cornel. Gallus Treasurer of Aegypt ; and Horace the most delicate of all the Roman Lyricks , was importuned by many Letters of great instance , to be Secretary of State to Augustus the Emperour ; which hee neverthelesse refused for his unhealthfulnesse sake ; and being a quiet man , and nothing ambitious of glory , retired himselfe from publike deportments . And Ennius the Latine Poet , was with all respect entertained as a fellow and Counsellor by African , for his amiable conversation . So Antimenides , of whom Aristotle reports in his Politicks ; and Tyrtaeus the Poet , though a lame man , was chosen by the Oracle of the gods from the Athenians , to be Generall of the Lacedemonians Army . Nor may that noble and honourable memoriall of that worthy woman twice French Queene , Lady Anne of Britaine , wife first to Charles the eighth , and after to Lewis the twelfth , adde lesse glory to this exquisite Art ; who passing one day from her lodging toward the Kings side , saw in a Gallerie M. Allane Chartier the Kings Secretary , an excellent Poet , leaning on a Tables end asleepe , and stooped downe to kisse him , saying thus in all their hearings : Wee may not of princely courtesie passe by and not honour with our kisse , the mouth from whence so many sweet ditties and golden poems have issued . Yea Plato himselfe , howsoever he may be said to exclude divers Poets the bounds of his Common-weale , for their obscene and immodest labours , which effeminated youth , training them rather to the Carpet than the Campe ; yet wrote he many Epigrams and excellent Poems in his younger yeeres , before he intended himselfe to Philosophy . For even in Fables appeare Seeds of Vertues , as Macrobius testifieth . Yea but our Stage-stingers , or Poet-scourgers , will againe object , that these Theaters , which were at first erected for honest delight and harmlesse merriment , grow many times busie with States , laying aspersions on men of eminent ranke and qualitie ; and in briefe , will spare none , so they may gaine themselves by disparaging others . But I must answer thus much for them , albeit , - Non me tenet aura Theatri ; that such as imploy their pens in taxing or tainting any noble or meriting person in this kinde , deserve no better censure , than as they whipt , so to be whipt themselves for their labour : for they must know ( to use the words of one who was once an eminent Statist ) that some things are privileged from jest , namely , Religion , matters of State , great persons , any mans present businesse of importance , and any case that deserveth pitty ; and generally , men ought to finde the difference betweene saltnesse and bitternesse . Certainly , he that hath a Satyricall veine , as he maketh others afraid of his wit , so he had need be afraid of others memory . This was very straitly looked into by the ancient Heathens , who ordained many strict Lawes to punish such bitter Satyrists as touched the good name of any Citizen , either in publike Stage o● any private worke . The ancient Romans had a Law enacted in their twelve Tables , that whosoever should impeach any ones good name , o● detract from the credit of his person either in verse or action , should suffer death . So as Tiberius slew Scaurus , and not altogether undeservedly , for writing a spightfull Tragedie against him . In like manner did Augustus banish Ovid , for writing too wantonly towards some that were neere him . So Nero injoyned Lucan silence , for his * smooth invection framed against him . So as , Stesichorus writing bitterly against Helen , Aristophanes against Cleon , Eupolis against Alcibiades , Callisthenes against Alexander , suffered equall punishments according to their demerits . This Eupolis is said to be o●● of the first Comedians , and was drowned in Hellespont , about the time of that famous Sea-fight betweene the Lacedemonians and Athenians : but I can scarcely assent to his opinion ; for wee finde it recorded , that hee was throwne into the Sea by Alcibiades , for presenting him on the publike Stage , embracing Timandra in a lascivious sort ; and that he used these words : Oft times , Eupolis , hast thou drowned mee upon the Stage , I will once drowne thee in the Sea. Thespis likewise is said to be the first inventer of a Tragicke Scene , as * Horace witnesseth : Thespis some say inventing first the straine Of tragicke Scenes , grew famous in his vaine ; Whose Actors , that yee might the better note , With painted faces sung the lines he wrote , Mounted in Chariots ; which with greedie eares The people heard , and hearing sent forth teares . And in these did Satyrus ( no doubt ) among the Greekes shew an admirable Art , being so highly extolled by Demosthenes , ( for unto him did this Satyrus propose the first forme of speaking plainly and articulately ) as he was no lesse praised by him , than the Roman Roscius was by Cicero , or Aesopus to whom Cicero useth many titles of love and familiaritie in his Epistles . For Roscius and Aesopus were held the choicest and chiefest Orators , even at that time when the Common-weale excelled not onely in Eloquence , but also in Wisdome . The like of Pilades and Hyla , Master and Scholer , who were such passionate Actors , as they enforced admiration in the hearer . But to what end should I prosecute either Comick or Tragick subjects any further ? My opinion briefly is this ; As Comedies should breath nothing but Terences art , Cecilius gravitie , Menanders sweetnesse , Aristophanes conceit , and Plautus wit : so Tragedies should relish of nothing but of the royall and majestick measures of Sophocles , the sententious fulnesse of Euripides , and the sincere integritie of Seneca . For these which tend to corrupt youth , making their Stages Stewes , or their Scenes meere Satyres , to detract from the credit or estimation of any person either publike or private ; as their Authors deserve due punishment , so should they be avoided : the former sort , because they are in danger to deprave us ; the latter , because perhaps wee shall heare them touch the credit of such as are neere us . For such Enterludes ( Gentlemen ) as participate with neither of these , but in a temperate and equall course mix profit with honest delight ; you shall account the time you bestow in hearing them , not altogether fruitlesly spent . For albeit the Italians are held worthy before all others to carry away the Garland for Poesie , being for number and measure fuller , and for weight and merit better , as may appeare in the happy labours of Petrarch and Boccace ; yet if wee looke homeward , and observe the grace of our presentments , the curiositie of our properties , and proprietie of our action , wee may justly conclude , that no Nation is or hath beene so exquisite in that kinde . But to draw in our sailes touching this Recreation ; as I approve of the moderate use and recourse which our Gentlemen make to Playes ; so I wholly condemne the daily frequenting of them : as some there be ( especially in this Citie ) who , for want of better imployment , make it their Vocation . And these I now speake of , be our Ordinary Gentlemen , whose day-taske is this in a word : They leave their beds , to put on their cloathes formally , repaire to an Ordinary , and see a Play daily . These can finde time enough for Recreation , but not a minutes space for Devotion . So as I much feare mee , when they shall be struck with sicknesse , and lie on their death-bed , it will fare with them as it fared with a young Gentlewoman within these few yeeres ; who being accustomed in her health every day to see one Play or other , was at last strucke with a grievous sicknesse even unto death : during which time of her sicknesse , being exhorted by such Divines as were there present , to call upon God , that hee would in mercy looke upon her , as one deafe to their exhortation , continued ever crying , Oh Hieronimo , Hieronimo , me thinks I see thee brave Hieronimo ! Neither could shee be drawne from this with all their perswasions ; but fixing her eyes intentively , as if shee had seene Hieronimo acted , sending out a deepe sigh , shee suddenly died . And let this suffice to have beene spoken of the moderate use of this Recreation : upon which I have the longer insisted , because I am not ignorant how divers and different opinions have beene holden touching the lawfulnesse of Stage-playes , which I resolved to reconcile in as briefe and plaine a manner as I could , before I descended to the rest . For as much as wee have begunne to treat of such Recreations as require small use or exercise of the Body , we will first proceed with such as follow , being ranked in the same Siedge , because Recreations of the same nature : descending from them to exercises requiring more alacrity of spirit , and more ability of bodie . Of these , which may bee rather termed exercises of the minde , than exercisers of the faculties of the body , are Cards and Dice , a speciall Recreation : meerely invented and intended to passe tedious winter nights away , and not to hazard ones fortunes at them , as many inconsiderate gamesters now adayes will not sticke to doe : which done , what ensueth hence , but entertaining of some desperate course , which bringeth the undertaker many times to an end as unfortunate , as his life was dissolute ? which makes me thinke I never see one of these Gamesters , who in a bravado will set their patrimonies at a throw , but I remember the answer of one Minacius , who having on a time lost at Dice not only his money , but his apparell too ( for hee was very poore ) sate weeping at the portall doore of a Taverne . It chanced that a friend of his seeing him thus to weepe and lament , demanded of him , How it was with him ? Nothing , ( quoth Minacius ; ) why weepest thou then , ( said his friend , ) if there be Nothing ? for this cause doe I weepe ( replied Minacius ) because there is Nothing . His friend still wondring ; Why then ( quoth hee ) doest thou weepe thus , when there is nothing ? for the very same cause ( quoth hee ) because I have nothing . The one understood , that there was no cause why hee should weepe ; the other wept because he had nothing left to play . How many be there who may sing Lachrymae with Menacius , going by weeping-crosse : being either by crosse fortune , as they ascribe it , or rather by flat cheating , as they may more properly terme it , stript of their substance ? Amongst the Romans , * Venus or Cous was the best chance at Dice : but indeed the best chance that any one can have , is not to throw at all . Howsoever , I could wish young Gentlemen to beware of frequenting these common gaming houses , where they must either have fortune with advantage , or else bee sure to play like young Gamesters to their owne disadvantage . Truth is , I would have none to play much , but those which have little to play . For these , as they have little to lose , so they cannot be much poorer , if they lose all . Whereas such , whose Ancestors have left them faire revenues , by investing them as Heires to their providence ; need little to raise or advance their fortunes by these indirect meanes . For tell mee Gentlemen , doe yee game for gaine , or passing time ? if for gaine , it is needlesse , yee have sufficient . If for passing time , your stake sh●uld be lesse , and your care for winning , more indifferent . Besides , doe yee not observe what foists yee have daily resorting and frequenting these Houses ; whose purses are lined with cheats , and whose profession is only to sharke ? Shun their companies then , lest they prey upon you : whereby you shall make your selves subjects both of want and weaknesse . Of want , by filling their purses with your coine ; of weaknesse , by suffering your selves to be made a prey of by their cheats . If you will game , make choice of such as you know to be square gamesters , scorning to bring their names in question with the least report of advantage . As for tricks frequently used in these dayes , learne rather to prevent them , than professe them : For I never knew Gamester play upon advantage , but bring him to the square , and his fortune was ever seconded with disadvantage . But above all , use moderation in Play , make not your Recreation a distemper : and set up this as your rest , never to mount your stake so high , as the losse of it may move you to choler . And so I descend to Recreations more virile , wherein I will be briefe , because I would hasten to the next branch . In this ranke may be numbred Hunting and Hawking ; pleasures very free and generous , and such as the noblest dispositions have naturally affected . For what more admirable than the pleasure of the Hare , if wee observe the uses which may bee made of it , as I have * elsewhere more amplie discoursed ; purposing here rather to touch them , than treat of them ? in her doubles , note her cunning ; in the dogges , eagernesse of pursuing . Where all the senses remaine for the time pleased , but when at default , how much are they grieved ? What an excellent Melody , or naturall Consort to delight the eare ? What choice Objects to content the eye ? what odoriferous smells in the flourie Meads , to refresh the nose ? onely the Touch and Taste must have their pleasures suspended , till the sport be ended . Non sine lepôre , tanto labore , pro uno Lepore homines torqueri video ; saith one very wittily and elegantly . I can never chuse but laugh , to see what labour men will take for a poore Hare . What Mountaines they will climbe , what Marishes they will passe , what brakes and bryers they will runne through , and all for a Hare ? which may be an Embleme of humane vanity ; where men ( miserable deluded men ) will refuse no toyle or labour to gaine a trifling pleasure . What indirect courses they will take for a moments delight , which is no sooner showne them , than vanished from them ? These pleasures are most commonly affected by Youth , because they have agility and ability of body to maintaine the pursuit of them : whence the Poet ; The beardlesse Youth , when 's guardians raines do yeeld , Sports him in Horse and Dogges , and open field , The reason may be this ; he cannot endure restraint : for the heat of youth must needs take aire , or it choaks it selfe with too much holding . It must be carried aloft on the wings of the wind , taking an Icarian flight , but never fearing his fall . Such dogges as were presented by the King of Albanie unto Alexander the Great , who would not stirre at small beasts , but at Lions and Elephants , are the fittest for his kennell ; for Youth is no sooner moving than mounting . Whence Ascanius in a youthfull bravery ; Wisheth some Boare or savage Lion should Descend the Mount , and cope with him he would . So subject is Youth to expose it selfe to all dangers , swimming ever with bladders of vain-glory , till they receive water , and it sinke . There are some also of these youthfull Hunts-men , who when they cannot speed in their sport , will rather buy it , than want it ; that having their game on their backe , they may proclaime to the world , how they are masters of their profession . And these are excellently displaid by the Poet , in the person of Gargilius ; As once Gargilius , who one Morne betime Sent out his Servants forward to the chace , With Hunting poles , and twisted nets of line , To buy a Boare , which through the Market place Laid on a Mule , as if his men had slaine him , Would , as he thought , eternall glory gaine him . So apt are many in inventing , and eager in pursuing ought which may raise them a name , though in things meerely indifferent . For as reputation is a common conceit of extraordinary vertue , so every one laboureth to acquire the end , albeit they misse the meanes of acquiring it . For how should any one imagine ( unlesse his conceit were wholly darkned ) that these things could be any meanes to perpetuate his name ? But so soone transported is Youth with any phantasie suggested , ( albeit upon no sufficient ground builded ) as whatsoever his conceit whispers to him , that may tend to his praise , he entertaines it with a greedy and eager desire , labouring to effect what may gaine him popular esteeme . So as the Lover is never more blinded with affection towards his beloved , than Youth is in affecting that which may cause him to be praised . To speake much touching this Recreation I will not addresse my discourse : only this is my opinion , that as it is generous , so generally is it most harmelesse , so it be moderately used ; for otherwise it may weaken or enfeeble the body , impaire the health , and be occasion of many inconveniences : for in my discourse upon the particular branch of this Observation , I am onely to approve of such Recreations as are used with Moderation . As Hawking , which ( as I before observed ) is a pleasure for high and mounting spirits : such as will not stoope to inferiour Lures , having their mindes so far above , as they scorne to partake with them . It is rare to consider , how a wild Bird should be so brought to hand , and so well managed as to make us such pleasure in the aire : but most of all to forgoe her native liberty and feeding , and returne to her former servitude and diet . But in this , as in the rest , wee are taught to admire the great goodnesse and bountie of God , who hath not only given us the Birds of the aire , with their flesh to feed us , with their voice to cheere us , but with their flight to delight us . The Eagle , which is indeed the Prince of Birds , and the prime Hawke , was observed much among the ancient Romans in all their Auguries : so as an Eagle hovering in the aire , in the reigne of Augustus , and at last setling upon the name of Agrippa , and just upon the first letter of that name , A. a lightning descending downe from heaven , strucke the first letter of his owne name out , C. whence South-sayers , by conjecturall arguments gathered , that he should but live an hundred dayes after , and be afterwards canonized for a god : because Aesar , the residue of that name , in the Tuscane language signified god . For the Romans , of all Nations under the Cope of heaven , relyed most upon the prophesying of Birds : so as we reade , that they ever kept their Oscines or Birds of Augury , by which they collected what their successe should be , both in peace and war. Albeit , some there were among the Heathen , who made small account of them : so as Claudius Pulcher , when in taking his Auspicia , or the predictions of his successe before Sicily , the Pullets would not feed , He commanded they should be plunged in the Sea , that they might drinke , seeing they would not eat . It is the saying of an ancient Father , That the piercing eye of the Eagle exceeds the sight of all other Birds : being of such sharpe sight , as reflecting the beames of the Sunne fixed upon her she can looke upon the Sunne without shutting her eyes , which are not to be dazled , shine the Sunne never so brightly . So as it is said , shee makes a triall of her brood when they are but young , by mounting up , and fixing their eyes against the Sunne : of which , if any be so tender-eyed , as they cannot looke upon it , she disclaimes them ; but such whose sharpe sight can looke stedfastly upon it , shee tenders them as her selfe . Whence many secret and sacred uses might be gathered , ( for this is but the type of a divine Morall ) if I should insist upon the exposition of that blessed Father ; but I must briefly descend , to speake of the Moderate use of this Recreation . This pleasure , as it is a princely delight , so it moveth many to be so dearely enamoured of it , as they will undergoe any charge , rather than forgoe it : which makes me recall to minde a merry tale which I have read , to this effect . Divers men having entred into discourse , touching the superfluous care ( I will not say folly ) of such as kept Dogs and Hawkes for Hawking ; one Paulùs a Florentine stood up and spake . Not without cause ( quoth he ) did that foole of Millan laugh at these ! and being entreated to tell the tale , he thus proceeded . Vpon a time ( quoth he ) there was a citizen of Millan , a Physitian for such as were distracted or Lunaticke ; who tooke upon him within a certaine time to cure such as were brought unto him . And he cured them after this sort ; Hee had a plat of ground neere his house , and in it a pit of corrupt and stinking water , wherein he bound naked such as were mad to a stake , some of them knee-deepe , others to the groine , and some others deeper , according to the degree of their madnesse , where hee so long pined them with water and hunger , till they seemed sound . Now amongst others , there was one brought , whom he had put thigh-deepe in water : who after fifteene dayes began to recover , beseeching the Physitian that he might be taken out of the water . The Physitian taking compassion of him , tooke him out , but with this condition , that he should not goe out of the roome . Having obeyed him certaine dayes , he gave him liberty to walk up and downe the house , but not to passe the out-gate : while the rest of his companions , which were many , remaining in the water , diligently observed their Physitians command . Now it chanced , as on a time he stood at the gate , ( for out he durst not goe , for feare he should returne to the Pit ) he beckned to a young Gentleman to come unto him , who had a Hawke and two Spaniells , being moved with the novelty thereof ; for to his remembrance , before hee fell mad , hee had never seene the like . The young Gentleman being come unto him ; Sir ( quoth he ) I pray you heare me a word or two , and answer me at your pleasure . What is this you ride on ( quoth he ) and how doe you imploy him ? This is a Horse ( replied he ) and I keepe him for Hawking . But what call you that , you carry on your fist , and how doe you use it ? This is a Hawke ( said he ) and I use to fly with it at Pluver and Partridge . But what ( quoth he ) are these which follow you , what doe they , or wherein doe they profit you ? These are dogges ( said he ) and necessary for Hawking , to finde and retrive my game . And what were these Birds worth , for which you provide so many things , if you should reckon all you take for a whole yeere ? Who answering , He knew not well , but they were worth a very little , not above six crownes . The man replied ; what then may be the charge you are at with your Horse , dogges and Hawke ? Some fiftie crownes , said he . Whereat , as one wondring at the folly of the young Gentleman : Away , away Sir , I pray you quickly , and fly hence before our Physitian returne home : for if hee finde you here , as one that is maddest man alive , hee will throw you into his Pit , there to be cured with others that have lost their wits ; and more than all others , for he will set you chin-deepe in the water . Inferring hence , that the use or exercise of Hawking , is the greatest folly , unlesse sometimes used by such as are of good estate , and for Recreation sake . Neither is this pleasure or Recreation herein taxed , but the excessive and immoderate expence which many are at in maintaining this pleasure . Who , as they should be wary in the expence of their coine , so much more circumspect in their expence of time . So as in a word , I could wish young Gentlemen never to be so taken with this pleasure , as to lay aside the dispatch of more serious occasions , for a flight of feathers in the ayre . The Physitian saith , that it is the best exercise which is , ad ruborem , non adsudorem ; refreshing the spirits , and stirring up the bloud a little , but not putting a man into any great sweat : for he that makes his Recreation a toyle , makes himselfe likewise Pleasures Thral . Rrefresh your spirits , stir up your bloud , and enable your bodies by moderate exercise : but avoid mixing of distemper with your pleasure , for that were not to refresh , but depresse the spirits ; not to stirre up , but stoppe the course of bloud ; not to enable , but enfeeble the bodie . And so I descend to the next branch , treating of Recreations best sorting with the qualitie of a Gentleman . TO propose what Recreations may please best , I cannot , ( because I know not how you stand affected ) but I shall , as neere as I may , recount what especiall Recreations best sort and sute with your qualitie . Of all those which I have formerly touched and treated , there is none but may be approved and entertained with an equall indifferencie , being ( as I have said ) tempered and moderated with discretion . But some there are I have not touched , which may be so much the more admired , for as much as they are by our young Gentlemen usually affected ; yea , and as especial Ornaments to grace and accomplish them , generally esteemed : as Fencing and Dancing ; the one to accommodate him for the Court , the other for the Campe. Of which two Recreations , to give my opinion freely , there is required a knowledge ; but respectively , to such ( I meane ) as only intend to Court or Gallant it : for these shall have occasion to make use of their knowledge , in the one to grace and beautifie them ; in the other to shield and defend them . Yet in neither of these would I have them to imitate their masters : for ●o may they turne Cowards , and so shew themselves true Fencers . Or in their Dancing use those mimicke trickes which our apish Professanes use : but with a reserved grace to come off bravely and sprightly , rather than with an affected curiositie . You shall see some of these come forth so punctually , as if they were made up in a sute of Wainscot , treading the ground as if they were foundred . Others you shall see , so supple and pliable in their joynts , as you would take them to bee some Tumblers ; but what are these but Iacke-an-Apes in gay cloathes ? But others there are , and these onely praise-worthy , who with a gracefull presence gaine them respect . For in exercises of this kinde ( sure I am ) those only deserve most commendation , which are performed with least affectation . Now I have heard of some who could doe all this ; shew an excellent grace in their carriage ; expresse themselves rare proficients in all Schoole-tricks ; being so much admired as who but they : yet observe the cloze , and they spoile all with an English tricke , they cannot leave it when it is well . It is said of Apelles , that hee found fault with Protogenes , in that hee could not hold his hands from his table : and right so fares it with these young Cavalieroes , when they have shewne all that may bee shewne to give content , striving to shew one tricke above Ela , they halt in the conclusion . For fence-play , I have knowne some puffed up with a presumption of skill , to have beene too apt in giving offence : so as , of professors of worth , they became practicers of wrong . But see their unhappinesse ! this conceit or over-weening opinion of their surpassing skill , brings them many times to an unexpected end , by exposing themselves to inevitable dangers . And this they doe either for vaine glory , being ambitious after fame ; or else out of a quarrelling disposition , being no lesse apt to conceive or apprehend the smallest occasion of offence , than to prosecute revenge upon occasion offered . For the first , the bravest and noblest spirits have beene affected to it , I meane Ambition , but their ends were more glorious . As Themistocles , Who walked in the night time in the open street , because he could not sleepe : the cause whereof when some men did enquire , hee answered , that the triumph of Miltiades would not suffer him to take his rest . The like might be observed in Alexander , Who sighed that his father should winne so much , and leave him so little to winne . So as , it is said that he wept , hearing that there was another world , saying , He had not yet wonne one world . But with these it fareth many times , as it did with Marius , who not contented with the glory hee got in the Cimbrian warres , by seeking to augment it , did extenuate it . Yet are these more noble in their aymes , than such whose Ambition it is to commit all impieties , onely to gaine them a perpetuall infamy . As Pausanias , who killed Philip of Macedon , onely for fame or vaine-glory ; so did Herostratus burne the temple of Diana , to get him a name by an infamous act . For the latter sort , being such as are given to quarrells , I have ever noted their gaines to bee small in all their adventures . For what are these , but such as value bloud at a low rate ? they pretend how their reputation stands engaged ; they cannot put up such disgraces but with touch of cowardize ; and what a blemish were it , for ones Reputation to bee brought in question , upon termes so neere concerning them , and not seeke revenge ? where the wide world would take notice of their disgrace , pointing at them in the streets , and saying , There goe such and such who were most grosly baffled ; preferring their bloud before their honour , their safety before their reputation ! O Gentlemen , how many of your ranke and quality have perished by standing upon these termes ! how many , and those of the choicest and selected'st ranke , have exposed themselves to extremest danger , whereby they might gaine themselves the stile of valiant ! how many , even upon trifling occasions have gone into the field , and in their heat of bloud have fallen ? Sure I am , their deare Countrey hath felt their losse , to whom in all due respect they should have tendred both love and life and not have made prodigall expence of that , which might have beene a meanes to strengthen and support her state . Yet doe I not speake this , as one insensible of wrong , or incapable of disgrace : for I know that in passages of this nature , publike imputations require publike satisfaction , so that howsoere the Divine Law , to which all humane actions ought to be squared , may seeme to conclude , That wee are to leave revenge to whom revenge belongeth ; yet so passionate is the nature of man , and through passion so much weakned , as hee forgets many times what the divine Law bids him doe , and hastens to that which his owne violent and distempered passion pricks him to . Now to propose my opinion , by way of direction , in a word it is this . As one may be a angry and sinne not , so one may revenge and offend not , and this is by b heaping coales of fire upon our Enemies head : for by this c meeknesse is anger appeased , and wee of our owne fury revenged . But the best meanes to prevent occasion of distaste in this kinde , is to avoid the acquaintance or society of such as are given to offence : whence it is that the wisest of Kings exhorteth us in these words : d To have no familiarity with an angry man , neither go● with the furious man. And why ? Lest thou learne his wayes , and receive destruction to thy soule . For indeed these , whose turbulent dispositions are ready to entertaine any occasion of offence , albeit the occasion perchance was never intended , are unfit for any company , or to passe time withall in any Recreation . So as , of one of these it may be said , as was said of Scaeva , who shewed apparant arguments of resolution , to slave himselfe to the servile yoake of tyrannous subjection ; Infelix dominum quant â virtute parasti ! How many courses , miserable man , hast thou tryed ; How many wayes hast thou traced ; how many adventures entertained ; to get thee a Master , Fury , Archtrai●our to that glorious fortresse of Patience ? These are those Bloud-hounds who are ever in quest , and are never satisfied in pursuit , till their eyes become the sad spectators of a fall : yea , rather than these men will be out of action , they will engage themselves in maintaining other quarrels ; so prompt they are to take offence , as a strangers engagements must be made their owne , rather than they will discontinue their former profession . Another sort there are , who albeit they finde abilitie in themselves to subdue and moderate this passion of furie by the soveraigntie of reason , yet it fares with them as it did with Hannibal , Who knew better how to conquer , than how to make use of his conquest : or as it is said of Glendor , That he was more able to get a victorie , than skilfull to use it . So these , though reason like a discreet Monitor advise them to moderate their passions , yet so ambitious are they of popular praise , as rather than they will lose the name of being esteemed resolute , they will oppose themselves to all perils , and entertaine a course in the eye of true valour most dissolute . Yet respect to our good name , being indeed the choicest and sweetest perfume , must not be so sleighted , as to incurre apparent termes of disgrace , and not labour to wipe off that staine , by shewing some arguments , that wee have so much conceit as to apprehend what an injurie is , and so much spirit as to take revenge on him , by whom the injurie is offered . It is true , neither am I so stupid , as not to conceive how insupportable the burden of those wrongs is , which touch our name . So as indeed , ( to speake as a man unto men , ) these wrongs are above the nature of mortalitie to beare : for the naturall man tasting more of earth than heaven , whilest he ponders the qualitie of his disgrace , and how farre he stands engaged , in respect of the opinion of men , to beare himselfe like himselfe , and not to burie such wrongs in silence , as if senselesse of the nature of an injurie ; he never considers what the divine Law injoynes , but casteth his eye upon the wrong he sustaines . Wherein , if passion will needs over-master reason , ( albeit I doe not hold it consonant to the Divine Law , Morall , or Nationall , but to all generous spirits experimentally usefull ) I could wish him to come off faire at the first , for this either wins him the buckler , or loseth it : so shall hee ever gaine to himselfe an esteeme of conceit , in knowing the nature of a wrong ; and an opinion of spirit , in daring to wipe off the disgrace that shall be laid upon him . For this is my Position , Faile at the first , and faile ever : for as the first onset terrifies the enemie , so in actions of this nature , the only meanes to gaine opinion is to come off bravely in the beginning . Now perchance it may happen , that he from whom you have received wrong , will take no notice of your distaste , but will doe as hee did , who receiving a Challenge upon some personall touch , whereby he apprehended the occasion for his best advantage , of making choice ( as the Challenged may ) of time , place , weapon , and second , returned this answer to the Messenger ; For the time , I know not when ; for the place , when that time comes , it shall be the Alpes ; for the weapon , it shall be Guyes sword that slew the Cow on Dunmooth heath ; and for my Second , it shall be your selfe , that I may bring you within the compasse of Duelloes . If with such your fortune be to deale , ( as many there are more valiant in tongue than hand , more apt to offer wrong than tender satisfaction ; ) know thus much , that these Alpes which hee hath named , and whereto he never meanes to come , is what place soever you shall meet him ; the time , whensoever you shall have fit opportunitie to encounter him ; the weapon , though he chuse it , you may refuse it , ( because it is too closely kept to come to ) and make choice of your owne weapon lest by going to Warwicke Castle to procure a sword , you forget your wrong before you come there ; and the Second , your only selfe ; that as you are particularly wronged , you may be particularly righted : for as the wrong toucheth you and no Second , so you are to right your selfe without a Second . But the safest and surest course ( as I said before ) not to partake with men of this condition , is to refraine their company and conversation : for these firie Spirits , who have Thersites tongue and Antaeus hand , are dangerous to consort with ; for they seldome resort to any meeting , but either they doe hurt , or receive it . So as , even in these tolerable Recreations of Horse-races , Cockings , Bowlings , &c. you shall ever see these throw one bone or other to make differences amongst men of qualitie and ranke , wherein they will be sure to be interested as Seconds , if not as principall Agents . My advice therefore is , that you avoid their company , as disturbers of the publike peace , interrupters of all honest Recreations , and profest enemies to all civill societie . For , as wee read of the Bird Curuca , that she will rather hatch the egges of another , than hatch none at all ; so these will rather engage themselves in others differences , and like subtill Spiders spin the web of dissention , than be without imployment : but they hatch the Cockatrice egges , reaping the fruit of their labours to their shame . But wee have insisted too long upon them ; wherefore wee will returne to our former discourse . As wee have briefly touched some Recreations well sorting with the qualitie of a Gentleman , being such as tend especially to his accomplishment outwardly ; so are wee now to treat of such as may conferre no lesse benefit to the inward man , by enabling him for matters of discourse . Of which ranke , Reading of History is to be accounted as one especially tending thereto ; and that not only in respect of discourse , but in respect of discipline and civill societie ; being there taught how to demeane ●r behave our selves in all our actions , how to moderate 〈◊〉 ●ffections , how to gaine worthy esteeme both in our ma●nagements publike and private . Cicero entring into the commendation of Histories , honours them with this Rhetoricall definition : Histories ( saith he ) are the witnesses of times , the light of truth , the life of memory , the mistresse of life , the messenger of antiquitie : In which notable exemplification , he shewes what excellent fruits may be gathered from the select flowers of Histories . First , how the passages and events of former times are there recorded ; Secondly , how the truth of things by the light of Historie is discovered ; Thirdly , our memory is revived ; Fourthly , our life is directed ; Fiftly , antiquities successively transscribed . In Tacitus are three notes which are required in a perfect History ; First , Truth , in sincere relating , without having any thing haustum ex vano ; Secondly , explanation not only of the sequels of things , but also the causes and reasons ; Thirdly , judgement in distinguishing things , by approving the best , and disallowing the contrary . Touching which three notes , wee are to observe first , that there is necessarily required in every Historie a sincere relation of truth , foisting nothing in which may seeme either fabulous or impertinent . Likewise , it is not enough to lay downe or explaine the sequels or issues of things , but the causes and reasons from whence those sequels issued . Thirdly , there is required judgement in distinguishing probabilities from improbabilities ; never setting ought downe for a grounded truth without approved authoritie . Having thus proposed unto you the fruits redounding from Historie , as also what is required therein , to make it more generally affected ; it rests now that I shew my opinion to●ching your choice of Histories : of which subject , because I have * heretofore copiously treated , I will only speake a word , and so descend to the last branch of this Observation . Augustine in his fourth booke De Civit. Dei , calls Salust , A Noble and true Historian ; noble in respect of his descent ; true in respect of his discourse . Neither doth he indeed deserve any lesser title ; for his phrase is elegant without affectation , his discourse continuate without impertinent digression , and the Series of his Historie stored with much sententious instruction . From the depth of a princely judgement , Caesars Commentaries have received most noble approbation . But if you would take view of a flourishing State , whose greatnesse never any attained to , being raised from such beginnings ; be acquainted with * Tacitus or Livie , where you shall observe the courses and passages of many eminent Princes , how they bare themselves in their height , how in their hate . Here you shall see , Those men , who ( as Cosmo saith ) carry their heart in their mouth , are more to be pittied than feared : for these judge men only by the outward appearance . Whereas Tiberius gloried in nothing so much as in cunningly cloaking his purposes with faire pretences , going invisible , and deluding his subjects resolutions with a seeming good . Here you shall likewise observe others so obsequiously seeming , as they strove not onely to satisfie the * mindes , but eyes of the Citizens , understanding well enough , that the common sort of people were catcht sooner by a * cheerfull countenance , and a pleasing outward semblance , than any other respect whatsoever . Some you shall see note much , yet will bee seene to note little : therefore Agrippina in Tacitus , knowing her life to bee attempted by Nero , knew well , that her onely remedy was to take no notice of the treason : so is Scipio described by Cicero , to be the most cunning searcher of m●ns minds ; and Sylla by Salust . Others you shall observe so much dejected presently upon any losse sustained , 〈◊〉 they entertaine affliction with a desperate sorrow , crying out with Afranius sonne , Alas mee wretched ! or Philotas-like , receive such deepe impression or apprehension of their disgrace , as through it they are forced to lose the faculty of speech . Whereas others , like Furius Camillus are neither puffed up with honour , nor cast downe with disgrace : as his Dictator-ship could not make him too haughtily affected ; no more could exile from his Countrey cause him to bee dejected . Such was the resolution of the ancient Romans , who at the disaster of Cannae , when their utter ruine and overthrow was rung in every place , did nothing unworthy themselves . Here you shall encounter with a Iugurth , Speaking little , but doing much ; There with a Catiline , Speaking much , but doing little . Here one , in all mens opinions worthy of an Empire before he had it , but most unworthy when he hath it , exemplified in a Galba ; there one much doubted before he have it , but generally loved when he had it , exemplified in b Severus . Againe , observe you may in the course of Histories , how justly God hath shewne himselfe towards such as practised treason against their Princes , though they were heathens : finde out one of all those who conspired Caesars death in the Capitoll , who died in their bed . For no sooner had Antonie shewed in his funerall Oration the thirty three wounds wherewith Caesar was deprived of life by his conspirators , and erected a Temple to Caesar , and sung a mournfull hymne in memory of Caesar ; then Trebonius and Decimu● were the first that were dispatched , being of the conspiracie . Cassius likewise was killed on his Birth-day : who , some say , killed himselfe with the same dagger wherewith Caesar was killed ; yea , observe the misery of these Assacinates , being so unhappy , as they could hardly finde one so friendly , as to lend a hand to end their ●●sery . For Cassius offered his throat to Pindarus his Page : Brutus to Strato , who denying to doe it , was answered by a servant ; Votis tuis nec deërit amicus nec servus . The like revenge was inflicted on Septimius , for betraying his master Pompey . The like on the Magi , for their treacherous attempts , after the death of Cambises . The like on Bessus for his disloyalty towards Darius . And to descend to later times , even within the bounds of our owne nation , what just revenge seconded those perfidious Complices ; Alectus for conspiring against his deare Soveraigne Carausius ; and that Arch-traitour Edrike , for his treacherous practices with Canutus the Dane , and breach of allegeance towards King Edmond ? for seldome hath any State in any age beene so happy , as it hath not bred a Catiline with a Catulus , a Cethegus with a Curtius , a Sertorius with a Soranus , a Quadratus and Quintianus with an Aemilius and Coriolanus . Besides , you shall observe what justice and integrity appeared in the heathen , chastising such as would be bribed or corrupted , though they were their enemies . So as , Mithridates tooke Manius Acilius , one of the chiefest Embassadours of the Romans , and set him contemptuously upon an Asse , till he was come to Pergamo , where hee put molten gold in his mouth ; reproving the Romans for taking gifts . The like reward had Tarpeia , being corrupted by T. Tatius to deliver the Capitoll : for having betrayed the gates of the Capitoll to the enemie , onely upon promise , that they should throw her the bracelets , which they wore on their left armes , this they accordingly performed , throwing also their targets upon her , with which she was pressed to death . You shall likewise finde there , what reverence the Pagans shewed to their Idolatrous Temples ; and how carefull they were to observe their Countrie rites , which they esteemed sacred , and what successe ever followed the enterprises of such as committed , sacrilege . The very heathen observed , that after such time as the Grecians once offered violence to the Temple of Pallas , that they lost all their hope , and never thrived after . Lactantius reporteth of divers who were grievously punished for their impiety and prophanenesse towards the gods ; as namely Fulvius the Censor , who for taking away certaine marmoreas tegulas out of the temple of Iuno Lacinia , was distraught of his wits . Appius Claudius for translating and conveying those sacred reliques which were before consecrate to Hercules , within a while after lost the use of his eyes . Dionysius , who made a jest of Sacrilege , taking a golden cloake from Iupiter Olympius his image , a woollen cloake being put in stead thereof , saying , That a golden cloake was too heavie in Summer , and too cold in Winter , but a linsie-woolsie cloake was fit for both ; cutting off also Aesculapius golden beard , saying , It was no reason that the son should have a beard , and Apollo his father have none ; and taking away certaine cups of gold which they held in their hands , saying , It was a great madnesse , to refuse them offered ; was for these driven into banishment . Pyrrhus , for robbing Proserpina's treasury , suffered ship wrack not farre from the shore . Zerxes , who sent foure hundred of his souldiers to Delphos , to spoile the Temple of Apollo , had them all destroyed , and burnt with thunder and lightning . Marcus Cr●ssus , for taking a great masse of money out of the Temple , which Pompey would not meddle withall , perished there with his whole armie . And here in Albion , we reade of Brennus , who in his expedition to Delphos , was by a sudden hurly-burly , or immoderate feare , through a noise heard in the bowels of the earth , ( raised indeed by the lamentable shrikings and howlings of the distracted Druids and ministers of Apollo ) despairing of further successe , perished with all his army . Whence may be observed , how justly such 〈◊〉 punished , who contemned the religion of their Countrey , robbing their Temples , and enriching themselves with the spoile of their gods : who , albeit they were Idols and no gods , or rather Devills and no Idols , yet so ill was their successe in all their affaires afterwards , as they attributed the cause of their miserable ends to the contempt of their gods . But howsoever this may seeme erroneously ascribed , sure I am , that thus it may be rightly applied : that where God is dishonoured , his Temple prophaned , and religion contemned , nothing can be succesfully or prosperously concluded . It is wonderfull to note in such evill times , so good men , as we shall every where meet with in the course of Histories . An Aristides for Iustice , a Pelopidas for Temperance , a Numa for Prudence , a Trajan for Patience , an African for Continence ; all which in this Cleanthes Table , History , shew admirable vertues in a corrupt government . Againe , reflect your eye on those whose love to their Countrey deserves eternall memory ; and you will no lesse wonder at the greatnesse of their mindes , than the happinesse of those Realmes that enjoyed them . King Darius upon a time , by chance opening a great Pomegranat , and being demanded of what hee would wish to have as many as there were graines in that Pomegranat ? answered in one word , of Zopyrusses . Now this Zopyrus was a right noble and valiant Knight , who to reduce Babylon to the subjection of his Lord and Master , and defeat the traiterous Assyrians , suffered his body to be rent and mangled , and being thus disfigured , fled straight-wayes to Babylon , where the Assyrians were intrenched : whom he made beleeve that Darius had mis-used him in this sort , because hee had spoken in their behalfe , counselling him to breake up his siege , and to remove his armie from assaulting their Citie . They hearing this tale , and the rather induced to thinke it true , because they saw him so shamefully disfigured in his bodie , were perswaded to make him their chiefe Captaine : by which meanes he● betrayed them all , and surrendred both them and their Citie into his Masters hands . The like we reade of Codrus Prince of Athens , who according to the counsell of the Oracle , sacrificed his life willingly , to preserve the Libertie of his Countrey . The like did Gobrias , who offered his bodie to slaughter , to free his Countrey of a tyrannous Traitour . Yet observe withall , the ingratitude of former Ages to men of best deservings ; which caused Aeschines say , That though the Citie of Thebes and Athens were full of naughtie men , yet not so full of any sort as of ungratefull men . This felt Annibal , this felt Asdrubal , this felt African ; while Asdrubal within , must be accused by Asdrubal without : and noble African , than whom none ever deserved better of his Countrey , may begge a resting place for his bones , but must not have it . Againe , it will not be amisse to note the sundry occasions of warres , proceeding from the sundry dispositions of men . Some strove for soveraigntie ; others for preservation of their Libertie : where , so eager was the one of gaining glory , the other of defending their Libertie , they were many times brought to such straights , as there was more roome for beholders , than fighters , many bearing armes , but could not use them . No lesse remarkable is it , to note what incredible exploits have beene atchieved by a handfull of men under a valiant Leader : where by a more particular survey had of their actions , we shall finde that observation of Plutarch to be most true : Better is an armie of Harts , with a Lion to their Leader , than an armie of Lions with a Hart to their Leader : An Armie being said to derive her strength from her selfe , but her spirit from her Captaine . In ● word , Gentlemen , to observe the revolution of times ●he mutation of States , the Natures and dispositions of persons , the issues and events of things , would 〈◊〉 an imployment of no lesse delight than profit ; conferring the ebbings and flowings of forraine estates with our owne . But to draw homeward , lest like Messala Carvinus by remembring the name of a stranger , we forget our owne : there is no History more usefull , or relation more needfull for any Gentleman , than our owne Moderne Chronicles , where he shall observe many notable passages worthy his reading . As first , how his Countrey was first planted ; how by degrees it became peopled ; how to civilitie reduced ; how by wholesome Lawes restrained ; and how by the providence of the Almightie , in so calme and peaceable manner established . Here he shall see a good King , but a bad man ; there a good man , but a bad King. Againe , here hee shall see the State more weakned by civill broiles , than forraine warres : Securitie being no lesse hurtfull at home , than hostilitie abroad . Scipio used to have this sentence in his mouth : That easie , favourable and affable Captains , were profitable to the Enemie , which though they were beloved of their Souldiers , yet they set little by them . This shall you see verified in the too much indulgencie of many of our Captaines , through which lenitie they made many hopefull Souldiers , absolute cowards . Againe , to note the raising of many obscure persons to great honour ; as likewise the pulling down of many eminent houses and families , would enforce no lesse admiration in us of Gods divine Providence , than of his secret Iustice , who pulleth downe , and setteth up , as seemeth best to his wisdome . To observe likewise , in the corruption of bloud , what Noble Families have beene tainted , which by the Princes clemencie were againe restored . What dangerous attempts and practices have beene undertaken , not only to shake but supplant the glorious frame of this Ila●d : labouring to divide and remove all succession to this Crowne , from the Royall Line of our Princes , and to in●est forraine Princes therewith : where an English King was summoned to the French Kings Court , while Normandie was yeelded by us , the Welsh invaded us , Lewis with a speedie arrivall accosted us , and Iohn himselfe was forced to leave us . Nay which was more , one of the Nurseries of our Iland was displanted : for at that time was Oxford of her Students forsaken and abandoned , ( which before for the space of three hundred and nine yeares had successfully flourished ) so as not onely the State , but Learning , the sterne of State , became much weakned . Yet observe , how happily this storme was calmed , when it was least expected ; for by the Vicount of Mellin his confession , lying then upon his death-bed , was the whole practice of the French , by a Frenchman discovered , which was no lesse happily afterwards prevented . For King Iohn , being to repentance moved , tooke an oath before his Barons that all things should be reformed , which the Barons likewise seconded with an oath to confirme his proceedings . So Iohn was absolved , and that Crowne which he had before resigned , he forth with resumed , being in this made more happie , in that being once so unhappie , hee came to defeat his foes , make sufficient triall of his friends , and recover that by submission , which he had lost by his pride . Againe , if we should but reade , and reading consider , how peacefull the government , how quiet the sleepes , how cheerefull the delights were of such as came by lawfull and lineall succession to the Crowne ; and the heavie Nights , troubled thoughts , broken sleepes , and many tedious houres which those were owners of , who came by usurpation to enjoy ( with little joy ) a princely Diadem ; we should of necessitie conclude with Pompey ; who being combred with his Honour , exclaimed to see Sylla's crueltie , being ignorant after what sort to behave himselfe in the dignitie he had , and cried out : O perill and d●●ger never like to have an end ! For to use one example for all ; who should but consider the practices which Richard the third used to get a Crowne , planting his Kingdome on an indirect foundation , Blond , and those many strange passages and overtures which happened in his Reigne , with those fearefull Visions which appeared to him before his death , would certainly set downe this for his rest : that it is not what we have without us , but what we have within us that procures us peace or disquiet . Whence Polydore Virgil upon that terrible dreame of Richard the third , the night before Bosworth field , in which hee was slaine , useth these words : I doe not beleeve that these were the ghosts of men that did affright him , but the guilt of a troubled conscience that did torment him . Certainly , discourses of this nature cannot chuse but minister much profit with delight , and enable you that are Gentlemen to entertaine the time with much content to them that heare you . For in this Treasury or Store-house of History , you shall finde better meanes , than all the Helpes to Discourse which our weake Pamphletters can publish , to enable you for discourse in all companies . For to restraine or tye your selves to a set forme of discourse , as if you were to doe nothing without rules , were too pedanticall : besides , you should be sometimes so scantled , for want of subjects , that unlesse the subject whereof you are to discourse fall happily within your owne Element , your Ship for want of Sea-roome would runne a ground . Whereas History ( the sweetest Recreation of the minde ) will afford variety , ( being not curtaild by Epitomees , which are the Moths of History ) both for table-talke to delight , and discourse of more serious consequence . Which in my opinion would better seeme a Gentleman , than to entertaine time in nothing but the cry of Dogges , or flight of Hawkes ; which , as they are gentlemanly pleasures , and worthily approved ( as I formerly noted ) so are they to bee used but onely as pleasures and Recreations : of which to speake sparingly were much better , than onely to discourse of them , as if our whole reading were in them . Neither doe I speake this without iust cause ; for I have noted this fault in many of our younger brood of gentry , who either for want of Education in Learning , or their owne neglect of Learning , have no sooner attained to the strength of making their fist a Pearch for a Hawke , but by the helpe of some bookes of faulconry , whereby they are instructed in the words of Art , they will run division upon discourse of this pleasure : whereas , if at any time they be interrupted by occasion of some other conference , these High-flyers are presently to bee mewed up , for they are taken from their Element . Wherfore Gentlemen , let me advise you in a word , so to entertaine time in Recreation , as the pleasure you take therein , draw not your minds from more serious and usefull imployments . I have proposed to you , and made choice for you , of some Recreations which may no lesse delight and benefit your mindes , than these other active delights doe your bodies ; use them , and you shall finde such pleasure in them , as you may perceive profit and pleasure so equally mixed , as if at first intended to make your delight perfect . And so I come to the last branch , shewing how a Gentleman is to bestow himselfe in them . AS one said of Love , that it should be a toy and no toyle ; so say I of Recreation ; the spirits should be cheered by it , not drowned in it ; refreshed , not depressed . I doe not like of this eagernesse after pleasure ; for i● argues too much sensuality ; The minde should ●e so tempered , as it may shew an indifferencie to the use of pleasure . Which I have surely found , as a maine errour in most part of young Gentlemen ; whose eager appetite so unmeasurably pursuing the quest of pleasure , cannot containe it selfe from expressing outwardly , the love it conceives to such a pleasure inwardly . So as I have observed some intraunced ( as it were ) with joy in the chace of Hare , or the flight of Hawke ; which in my opinion argued much lightnesse : for no sooner was their pleasure at a stay or default , than all their former delight was turned to a contrary passion . I commend therefore his resolution who said ; He was never so over-joyed with pleasure , but he thought it good to allay that surpassing joy , with the remembrance of the end of that pleasure . It is an excellent thing to moderate our joyes , by considering the shortnesse of them ; and to allay the height of them , by observing what breaches or intermissions are incident to them . Wherefore above all , it becommeth a Gentleman to be circumspect in this kinde , for even by his outward carriage may his weaknesse bee discovered . Sure I am , there is nothing that tasteth more of true wisdome , than to temper our desires in effects of joy : so as I cannot sufficiently wonder , how Chylo being accounted one of the seven Sages of Greece , should bee so overtaken with joy , as to die with excesse thereof . The like we reade of Argia the prophetesse , who being carried in a chariot of gold to the Temple by her two sonnes , whereat shee conceived no lesse joy than if her two sonnes had beene invested with the title of Emperours , through excessive joy immediately died . But these passions rather become women than men , who should be themselves still , but especially when they feele any such conceit undermining them . It is written of Polycrates , that meditating one day with himselfe , how he had never any thing which crossed him all his life , but enjoyed all successe both at home and abroad , so as he became fearefull to his foes , and powerfull to his friends : resolved to try how hee might crosse his good fortune , by a voluntary incurring of losing that he did exceedingly love . Wherefore one day he went unto the Sea-side , where taking off a Ring which he did especially tender , hee threw it into the Sea , intending thereby to crosse himselfe , whom fortune would not : but see how Polycrates was crossed in his crosses : for not long after , a fisher-man came and presented him the Ring hee had lost , having found it in the belly of a fish ; which did not a little trouble the Prince , saying ; I perceive the gods owe mee a displeasure , which they will doe when I least expect it , and make mee so much the more unfortunate , in that I never knew what misfortune meant . Which he afterwards found true , being deprived both of Crowne and Dignitie . Certainly , there is no meanes better to attemper and allay ones joy conceived in the pursuit of any pleasure , than to crosse himselfe in the quest thereof : for this tasteth of true manhood , when one can master his affections , and stay himselfe in that he loves . Neither is this hard to doe being once assayed ; for wee shall finde more true content in the moderation of our pleasure , than in the pleasure it selfe . I have heard of some young Gentlemen , who purposely crossing themselves in some one pleasure or Recreation which they loved , and betaking themselves to their chamber , apprehended such a deepe impression of the fruition of their pleasure , as they visibly ( as it were ) enjoyed that pleasure in their chamber , which others enjoyed in the field . That conceit is strong I will not deny ; but that it should worke so strange and strong an effect , I am doubtfull : yet whosoere they be ( if any such there be ) sure I am they may well crosse themselves in pleasures abroad , having such pleasant conceits within themselves . Now , as I would have young ●entlemen to use moderation in the exercise it selfe ; so would I have them to observe like moderation in their expence or charge requisite for that exercise or pleasure . It is deare bought pleasure that makes the Posteritie beggers . Nero was taxed for his prodigalitie , because hee would have his Fishing-rods of gold , and his Nets of purest silke ; Vitellius for his embroderie , as well as his Epicurisme ; Lucullus for his Gardens ; Antoninus for his Bathes ; Caracalla for his Roabes ; Commodus for prodigall expence in all Recreations . Now what madnesse is it to bestow that to delight mee , which I may wish one day I had to sustaine mee ? to bestow that on my pleasure , which I may chance need to releeve nature ? Wee have heard of one within this Citie , who like a prodigall Heire to his fathers thriving providence , bestowed an incredible masse of money to satisfie his five Senses : but sure I thinke hee was distraught of his Senses , and therefore quickly satisfied . It is no pleasure but a brutish affection , which gives it selfe so over to delight it selfe , as rather than it will be restrained or moderated , will engage credit , state and all to have her desires fulfilled . Likewise in Games at Cards , Dice , Chesse , or such houre-beguiling Recreations , I would not have our Gentlemen to play for that which may occasion in them the least base or unworthy feare . You shall see some of these peasantly Gamesters , who partly for desire of winning , or else for feare of losing , shew a perpetuall palsey in their joynts , so full of troubled thoughts they are , or passionate feares , which apparently discover a basenesse of disposition in them , whom either hope of gaine or feare of losse can drive to such extremes . I would have you therefore so to bestow your selves in these , as they may never force a change of colour in you : for there is nothing that may derogate more from the native Character of a Gentleman , than to expresse the least sembla●ce of feare , for the losse of ought that he shall play . Neither is it any lesse touch to a Gentleman , whose affections should be so composed as they may expresse his Nature without any other Character , to fall into passion for ought that he shall lose . Albeit I have heard of one , who ( much subject to this imperfection ) chanced to be reproved by his friend , who in friendly and familiar sort wished him either to learne more patience in gaming , or else to surcease from game . What ( quoth he to his friend ) doest thou thinke I am a stock or stone , that I should have no sense of my losse ? Surely I thinke there is no man that knowes how he comes by his money , but will be moved for the losse of it . But I approve not of his Maxime : you shall see an old Gamester beare all crosse chances with an equall and undejected spirit , whereas our young Gamesters ( for passion is most incident to Novices ) upon a crosse throw , pull their haire , teare the Cards , stamp and fret like gumm'd grogram : so farre they are from patience for want of experience . Their younger and unmellowed yeeres never felt the crosses of a Gamester , and therefore can hardly digest them when they come . This the Philosopher seemes to confirme , saying ; Nothing can be violent , being once habituate . For use or custome as it makes perfectnesse , so it begets a composednesse of minde , to endure with patience whatsoever the extremitie of fortune may inflict . But now in my discourse of Passion , which makes men so much forget themselves , as they will , rather than want a fit subject to revenge their ill fortunes on , minister occasion of offence to their dearest friends ; there is one thing which I would have our young Gentlemen to take heed of , and that is , in their heat and height of passion to forsweare gaming at all , or with such an one , because they had never fortune to be savers at his hands ; yet , as men carelesse of what they sweare , without respect to what they formerly protested , presently fall , ●o game againe with the selfe-same company which they had so lately abjured . A dolefull and wofull example wee had of this within these few yeeres of one , whose more eminent parts interested him greatly in his Countries hope ; yet having dipt his hand in bloud , was according to justice and equitie adjudged to die , which was afterwards accordingly executed . This Gentleman , whose education had beene ever with the best , and in the most frequented places , used much gaming , at which he had generally ill fortune ; so as , feeling the smart of it , he resolved , binding his resolution with a solemne protestation , that if ever he gamed againe , he might be hange● : which protestation was so usuall with him , as nothing more frequent . But see this Gentlemans miserable end ! Within few yeeres after he suffered in himselfe what he had so often wished for himselfe . Take example hence , you I say , who are so prodigall in oathes , vowing , protesting , and swearing in your heat of passion , what you are no lesse apt to forget having coold your passion . For though you little feare the effecting of that which you wish to your selves , yet time may come when you would wish you had not used those imprecations upon your selves . There is another thing likewise which I could wish young Gentlemen to be mindfull of , and it is to make distinction of times for their Recreations : for as all times are not for all pleasures , no more are pleasures for all times . Wee are therefore to reserve so much time for our more serious affaires , as not to give way to pleasure or delight , and so neglect what wee should principally intend . No expence is more precious than the expence of time ; which is rather imployed than wasted , when bestowed to the good and benefit of the imployer . So as , even in matters of pleasure or Recreation , I could wish you to betake you to those games which may best benefit your understanding ; as in games at Cards , the Maw requires a quick conceit or present pregnancie ; the Gle●ke ( because of varietie ) requires a retentive memory . These are good exercisers of the minds , and such , as being made Recreations only , and no tricks to circumvent , may afford some help or benefit to the Gamesters understanding . Now therefore , doe not ( Theotimus-like ) preferre lust before your eyes ; preferre not any profit you are to reape by gaming , before the inward benefit which you may reape by conceiving . It is a mercenary Trade , to frequent Gaming-houses for gaine , to alter the propertie of a Recreation , and make that an anguish which should be a solace , a torture which should be a pleasure . For what pleasure can that Gamester enjoy by play , whose heart is surprized with hope , feare , passion , despaire , and a thousand perturbations , which like Tiberius vision are ever startling him ? Surely , if there be any pleasure in these Recreations , those only enjoy it , whose minds are neither cast downe with the feare of losse , nor over-joyed with the hope of gaine ; making this use of all adverse or crosse fortune : How miserable is that man , whose highest hopes relie on so light a mistresse ? How simple he , whose conceit is grounded on the constancie of fortune , who is only constant in inconstancie ? How pittifully pittilesse is his case , who puts finger in the eye , because he hath felt her frowne ? How forlorne is his hope , who having had experience of the extremest affronts of fortune , is ever giving himselfe occasion of new sorrowing ? But contrariwise , how truly happy is he , who makes use of fortunes braves , and receives what chance soever comes , with a cheerefull brow ? How truly blessed he , who cares as little for the insults of misfortune , as he prizeth all momentany successe which so blinde a Goddesse can afford him ? There is no griefe more base or unworthy , than that which taketh beginning from losse in game : for why will wee make a voluntary hazard to procure us sorrow ? why should any one imagine himselfe to be more dearly tendred by fortune than another ? If you play square , without intendment of advantage , then expect no more than another may looke for , being equally interested in the share of fortune . For in these Recreations , as it is mercenary gaine , which is got by game ; so it is an indiscreet griefe to sorrow in losse , or rejoyce in gaine . Recreations are not to be used as men use Trades ; these are to maintaine us ; the other to refresh us . So as they greatly pervert the use of pleasure , which make it a daily Taske , as many of our English Gentlemen doe ; who made Heires of their fathers providence , esteeme it the onely Generous qualitie , to make use of their fathers coine , without respect to his care . These are they who blemish their Descent , and detract from the glory of their House , consuming the Sun-shine of their dayes in workes of darknesse . I have read a conceited Treatise composed by an Italian , entitled A Supplication to Candle-light : discovering the abuses committed and curtained by the silent and secret shade of night . Where it might be demanded , as God in Esay did aske the Devill our subtill Watch-man , Custos quid de nocte ? And there hee shewes how a great office is not so gainfull as the Principall-ship of a College of Curtizans . For no Merchant in riches may compare with these Merchants of maiden-heads , if their female Inmates were not so fleeting and uncertaine . Too many , I feare me , there be of these licentious Gamesters , who make sinne a Recreation , wantonning in the Lap of impudence , exposing their estate and name to a miserable hazard : whose Youth , as it addes fuell to desire ; so Age , the truest Register of the follies of Youth , will besprinkle those desires with the bitter teares of repentance : grieving to have committed , what may hardly bee redeemed . For hee that surceaseth but then from sinne , when hee can sinne no more , forsaketh not his sinnes , but his sinnes forsake him . It is one thing to fall into light sinnes , through occasion onely , or humane frailtie : and another thing to fall through affected negligence and securitie . Farre be the latter from you , Gentlemen , whose aymes ought to be so much the more glorious , as your Descents are noble and generous . Though humane frailty move you to offend , labour to redeeme that time wherein you did offend , by vying sinnes with sighes , those ungodly tares with incessant teares ; for if you will live when you be dead , you must die to sinne while you be alive . And for as much as pardon cannot be procured , but where repentance is renued ; as we are omnium notarum peccatores , so should we be omnium horarum poenitentes ; as every houre sinning , so every houre sighing ; as every houre committing , so every houre bringing forth fruits of remission . Thus like Hismenias the Thebane , who would shew musicians of all sorts , to imitate the best , and reject the worst ; have I proposed and set downe Recreations of all sorts , making choice withall of such especiall and select ones , as best sort with the qualitie of a Gentleman , concluding how and after what manner he is to bestow himselfe in them . Neither have I taxed any particular Recreation , provided that it transgresse not the bounds of modestie , but admitted it as indifferent for the use of a Gentleman . Yea , such Recreations as may seeme to undergoe the censure of Lightnesse , have I not only not reproved , but worthily approved , being with decencie used . Whereupon Gregorie saith , I admire King David a great deale more , when I see him in the Quire , than when I see him in the Campe : when I see him singing as the sweet singer of Israel , than when I see him fighting as the worthy warriour of Israel : when I see him leaping , than when I see him weeping : when I see him dancing before the Arke , than when I see him drawing forth his armie to the field . When David fought with others , he overcame others ; he wounded others ; he made others sicke . But when hee danced before the Arke , and delighted himselfe , he was overcome himselfe , he was wounded himselfe , he was sicke himselfe . But this sicknesse did rather affect him , than afflict him ; joy him , than annoy him . I will play still ( sayes he ) that others may still play upon me . For it is a good sport when God is delighted , though Michol be displeased . Whence you see , that it is not the Recreation , but the circumstance tending to that Recreation , which for most part giveth occasion of offence ; as the Time when , Gods Sabbath is not to be dishonoured , nor our serious occasions intermitted ; the Place where , the Holy ground is not by the feet of Lightnesse to be profaned , nor Places where Iustice is administred , to the exercise of such delights inured ; the Persons who , we must take heed lest the weakest of our Brethren be scandaled , or offence to any by our sports occasioned . Doing thus , we shall glorifie God , not only in this life , but in that best and blest life which is to come ; if wee fall not backe into the same sinnes , but bid a long fare-well to the illusions of the Devill ; if with diligent attention to the word of God , earnest desire of conversion , and continuall confession of our sinnes , we procure the carefull eye of the Almightie to watch over us . For it sufficeth him in his great mercy that we surcease from sinne , whereby wee shall be more easily moved to the practice of all good workes . Wherefore to conclude this Observance with that exhortation of golden-mouthed Chrysostome , to the end wee may render more honour to his Sabbat● ▪ Let not any one hence-forth be seene trying masteries on Horse-backe , nor spending any part of the day in unlawfull meetings ; Let not any one hence-forth consort himselfe in games at Cards or Dice , or the tumultuous noise which ariseth from thence . For I pray you answer mee ( saith hee ) what profit is there in fas●ing , if all the day eating nothing , you game , sport , sweare and forsweare , and so spend the day in worse than nothing ? Let us not , I beseech you , be so negligent in that weightie affaire of our salvation , but rather let our communication be of spirituall things . And let every one take in his hand a godly booke , and calling his neighbours together , water both his owne understanding and theirs who are assembled , with heavenly instructions , that so we may avoid the deceits of the Devill . Performing this , Gentlemen , your Recreations shall be healthfull to your selves , helpfull to your Country , delightfull to the vertuous , and beseeming men of your ranke , nobly generous . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Of Acquaintance ; Of the choice of Acquaintance ; Of constancie in the choice of Acquaintance ; Of reservancie towards Acquaintance ; Of the absolute end of Acquaintance . ACQVAINTANCE . THe comfort of an Active life consists in societie , as the content of a Contemplative consists in Privacie . Intermission of Action in the former , is a kinde of death ; Intention to Devotion in the latter , is a pleasant life . For solitarie places are the best for prayer ; but publike for practice . We reade that Christ went out into a solitary place , and there prayed : but hee entered into the Synagogue , and there preached ; that such Libertines as were there trained might bee reclaimed . And Wisdome cryeth without , and uttereth her voice in the streets , that her words might bee practised . As there is no publike State which can subsist without commerce , trafficke , and mutuall society ; so there is no creature living , whose life would not bee tedious , being debarred from all use of company . There are two Birds which are noted both in divine and humane writ to be lovers of solitarinesse ; the Owle in the Desart , and the Pelicane in the Wildernesse . Which two , among divers other birds , were accounted uncleane , and therefore were not to bee eaten by the Iewes . As retirednesse from occasions abroad , makes us more serious in occasions at home : so this privacie or solitarinesse makes the memory more retentive in affaires usefull to our selves , but withdrawes our hand from affording helpe or assistance to others . But life should bee communicative ; not only intending it selfe ; but labouring wherein it may doe good to any . For whereas Saint Bernard saith , that the a affinity is neere betweene the dwellers in a Cell and in heaven : it is to bee understood , that such whose mortified affections , and regenerate will have concluded all b worldly honours to bee worldly tumours ; and all c secular honour to be the Devills trafficke , have stepped neere unto heaven . Neither are we to conclude thence , that such who have to deale in the world , by commerce at home and abroad , are excluded from this affinity . For there are many ( as we are to be charitably perswaded ) who live in the world , & have to do with the world , yet are not of the world ; that is , are not so affected to the world , as they could not finde in their hearts to forgoe all things they have in the world , for the love of him that created the world . Yea , who will not say , and with much comfort affirme , We will seeke one good wherein consisteth all good , and that sufficeth ; we will seeke one joy wherein consisteth all joy , and this onely joyes us . It is * Grace and not the Place , which saveth the soule . For as there may bee a wolfe in sheeps cloathing , so there may bee a worldly minde in a Hermits dwelling . Mans security is the deuills opportunity , which may be found in the Wildernesse as well as in the World ; neither is the one place lesse subject to temptation than the other . The Wildernesse is secret , yet Christ was tempted in it . The Night is silent , yet doth that princely Prophet warne us , To lift up our hands in the night watches of temptation . For the life of man , as it is a continuall temptation , so is there neither time , place , sexe nor condition exempted from temptation . The Monks Cell and the Monarchs Court are equally subject to it . This , devout Bernard seemes to confirme in his description of such as professed a Monasticke life , saying ; They were large promisers , but slow performers , faire-tongued flatterers , but snarling back-biters , simple-seeming dissemblers , but malicious betrayers . Againe , We ( saith hee ) receive all into our Monasteries , in hope to better them ; whereas in the Court it is more usuall , to receive such as are good , than to make them good : for we have found by experience , that more good men have decreased than profited in it . Hence we may conclude this point , that no place is privileged from temptation , neither Cell nor Court : but those places are , and have beene ever most subject to danger , where men were left to themselves to enter lists with temptation . Which proceedeth either from the naturall frailty of man , in that he falleth from best to worst ; or his want of judgement to discerne best from worst : whence the Poet most divinely concludeth ; When want of judgement reignes in humane brest , The best is ta'ne for worst , the worst for best . God in his sacred wisdome having created man , thought it not good that hee should bee alone ; and therefore made him an helpe meet for him . It was an excellent saying of that sage Cynicke , who seeing a young man all alone by himselfe , and demanding of him what he was doing , I am talking ( quoth the young man ) with my selfe ; Take heed ( said hee ) thou talke not with thine Enemie . For howsoever Cato might say in respect of the inward delight hee tooke in Contemplation , I am never lesse alone , than when alone ; we shall finde this true , that man is never more ready to give way to temptation , than when hee is alone . How needfull then is Acquaintance , being indeed the life of the living ; the particular benefits whereof extend to discourse , advice and action ? It is Experience hath begot wisdome , and Memory as a mother hath brought it forth . Now , what experience could we gaine , if wee should only be left to our selves , and have none to helpe us in treaties or matters of conference ? It is said of Demosthenes , that he recovered his speech only by direction ; long would it be ere we attained to any perfection of speech , either in manner or matter , if we wanted these usuall helps of conference , which enable us when , where and how we should speake . For as the Satyre was afraid at the first sight of fire ; or that Captaine , who looking himselfe in a glasse when hee was angry , was affrighted with his owne countenance , so should we , having never consorted or conversed with men , stand amazed when we approached their companie . For what is it that ministers boldnesse and audacity to men , save their usuall frequent of assemblies ? or what is it , that so much benefits their knowledge , but their acquaintance with such who are professants of knowledge ? Plutarch reporteth , that Plato came forth of Asia into Cilicia , for no other cause but onely to see his deare friend Phocion the Philosopher . See here the love of good men one to another ; for amongst evill men can be no true friendship . For it is the ayme of acquaintance that makes it good or evill ; as to insinuate ones selfe into acquaintance for their owne ends , to wit , to profit by it , or worke on others weaknesse , this is acquaintance for Macchiavells Schollers , whose principall ayme is to undermine ; and under pretence of amity , shroud their villany . These hold concurrencie with Frier Clement , Ravillac , Iaurequy , Baltazar Gerard. They have an open gate , but a shut countenance ; or if an open countenance , a close shut heart . Aristotle saith , that friendship is one soule which ruleth two hearts , and one heart which dwelleth in two bodies . Whereas these men , whose acquaintance hath relation to their owne peculiar ends , have a heart and a heart ; a Heart outwardly professing , and a Heart secretly practising ; a Heart outward , and a Heart inward ; outwardly pretending , and inwardly plotting . These are no Acquaintance for you Gentlemen ▪ their Hearts are too farre from their mouths ; learning to prosper by others errours . Yea , by often conversing and practising with others , no lesse cunning than themselves , they have so farre prevailed , as they are not onely able to match them , but out-strip them : Serpens nisi serpentem comederit , non fit Draco : These are they who hatch the Cockatrice egges ; come not therefore neere them , for The poyson of Aspes is under their Lips. Yea , they sucke the gall of Aspes , and the Vipers tongue shall slay them . Yet , to leave you alone without company , would make your life as much loathed , as choice of Acquaintance makes you love it . He is a weake Prince that enjoyes an Empire without people ; and no lesse desolate or disconsolate is his state , who wants not for meanes , yet wants a friend to whom hee may impart his minde . Lend me your hands therefore ( Gentlemen ) and I will direct you in a way how to make choice of Acquaintance in matters of Advice , which is the second benefit redounding from the use of Acquaintance . IF a man ( saith Seneca ) finde his friend sad and so leave him ; sicke without ministring any comfort to him ; and poore without releeving him : wee may thinke such an one goeth to jest rather than visit or comfort . Whence we may observe the office or condition of a friend , who , if his friend be sicke , he will visit him ; i● sad , hee will cheare him ; if poore , hee will releeve him ; if afflicted in minde , he will comfort him ; otherwise his friendship is but dissembling , his visiting him , a meere mocking of him . Iob called his friends Miserable comforters , because their discourses were rather afflictions than comforts , their counsels rather corasives than cordialls , their exhortations rather scourgings and scoffings , than soule-solacing refreshings . These doe not advise friends ; but despise them ; miserable are such Comforters . Wherefore I may well distinguish Acquaintance into two sorts ; the one Halcion-like , come to us in a storme ; the other Swallow-like , draw neere us in a calme . The former sort observe Periandors precept , Shew thy selfe still the same , whether thy friend bee in prosperity or adversity : but the latter observe that sentence of Optatus , All for the time , but nothing for the truth . All Acquaintance may be either compared to pitch staining , o●to balme curing . Hee that toucheth pitch shall bee defiled therewith , saith the sonne of Sirach ; such is the nature of much Acquaintance , especially in these latter dayes , where vanity is more affected , than the practice of vertue , which should be onely loved . Where many returne worse than when they went forth , confirming that sentence , Sanabimur , si separemur à coetu . But Balme , it refresheth , cheereth , and cureth ; such is that Acquaintance , whose conceits are delightfull , discourse chearefull , and instructions fruitfull . These , if wee be at any time doubtfull , will advise us ; if in necessitie , will releeve us ; if in any affliction either outward or inward , will beare a part with us , to allay griefe in us . A little Stybium is too much , such are the first ; a great quantitie of Styrax is too little , such are the last . A * Iuniper-tree maketh the hottest coale , and the coolest shadow of any tree : the coale is so hot , that if it be rak't up in ashes of the same , it continueth unextinguished by the space of a whole yeere : so doth true friendship or faithfull Acquaintance ; it affordeth the coolest shadow to refresh us , and the hottest coales , implying fervour of affection , being once kindled , to warme us . When poore Andromache craved Vlysses advice , what he thought best to be done in behalfe of her young sonne Astyanax ; Conceale him ( said he ) this is the only meanes to save him . This shewed his faithfulnesse in advising , albeit her Countries foe ; for otherwise hee would have perswaded her to submit her selfe and him to the hand of the mercilesse souldier , or reape a benefit by their bondage , making them his owne Captives : As it is in the fable of the Crow , who comming to the Eagle that had got a Cockle , the fish whereof he could not get out neither by force nor art , hee counselled him to mount up on high and throw the Cockle downe upon the stones , and so breake the shell : now all the while did the craftie Crow stay below expecting the fall : The Eagle throwes it downe , the shell is broken , the fish by the Crow is taken , and the Eagle deluded . Many such Counsellors there be , who advise not others for their good , but their owne good . Others there be , who make use of their friends or acquaintance meerely for their owne ends ; and rather than they will be prevented of their aimes , they will expose the life and safetie of their friend to imminent perill . And these resemble the Fox , who seeing a Chestnut in the fire , made use of the Cats foot to take it out . But these are not those friends , whose advice is faithfull , as their friendship is firme and gratefull . Their aimes are indirect , their advice tends to their owne benefit , their counsell tastes of profit , and their directions become as pitfalls to their friends . Those to whom I would have Gentlemen knowne , are men of an other ranke and qualitie , appearing like the Canii , Senecae , Aruntii , and Sorani ; whose admirable vertues were inimitable in so corrupt a government . Neither would I have them to shake off these friendly Monitors , if at any time their advice relish not halfe well to their palate ; but rather honour them for their vertuous sinceritie , as Epaminonda● honoured Lysias , Agesilaus Xenophon , Scipio Penetius , Alcibiades Socrates , Achilles Phoenix , sent him by his father Peleus . For such as will not endure a friendly reproofe , I would have their Acquaintance doe with them as Plato did with Dionysius , who perceiving him to be incorrigible , left him . The rebukes of a friend are better than the kisses of an enemie ; for the one , though at first displeasing , tend ( if rightly used ) to his conversion ; but the other , though pleasing , tend ( if not prevented ) to his confusion . Had Alexander understood this aright , he would have preferred the faithfull advice of his affectionate Clitus before all his conquests ; for by his instruction might hee have learned Humilitie , which lesson had beene worth his worlds Monarchie . Had Nero that President of Tyrants , or Monster of men , given care to the wise advice of his loyall and learned Seneca , hee might have found a Subject to love him , a Scholer to live with him , a Souldier to fight for him , and a Mother to blesse him . For surely , as of all possessions friendship is most precious , being suted with vertue , without which there is no true friendship ; so are we to value the life of our friend as the crowne of our glory . For tell mee , are you fad ? your friends conceit , as a soveraigne receit , will cheere you . Are you disposed to be merry ? Mirth alone , is a single consort , your friend will partake with you . Would you have one to passe the tedious night away , in telling tales , or holding you with talke ? your friend will invent a thousand pastimes to cheere you , and make the night seeme lesse tedious unto you . Is the burden of your griefes too heavy to beare ? you have a friend to share with you in your burden . In briefe , want you comfort ? he will supply it ; want you meanes to releeve your wants ? hee will afford it ; want you counsell ? he will impart it ; want you all that man can want ? you want not a friend who will supply your wants with his want . And so I descend from the benefit redounding from Advice , to the third and last , which is the profit or benefit which redounds from one friend to another in every peculiar action , exercise or recreation . Cicero , the glory of Rome , and flower of Orators , exemplifying the prowesse of Themistocles and Epaminondas , useth these words ; The Sea shall sooner overwhelme the Isle it selfe of Salamine , than it shall drench the remembrance of the Salamine triumph : and the towne of Leuctra in Boeotia shall sooner be razed , than the remembrance of the field there fought , forgotten . But howsoever these Monuments may be razed or defaced by continuance of time , sure I am that the love which they shewed to their friends , even to the apparent danger of their owne lives , shall eternize their memory . Pelopidas a noble Grecian , skirmishing with the Lacedemonians against the Arcadians , untill such time as being hurt in seven places , hee fell downe at last for dead . Then presently Epaminondas , out of a princely resolution and noble affection to his distressed friend , stepping forth bestrid him , and fought to defend his body , he alone against many ; till being sore cut on his arme with a sword , and thrust into the brest with a pike , he was even ready to give over . But at that very instant , Agesipolis King of the Lacedemonians came with the other point of the battell in a happy houre , and saved both their lives when they were past all hope . Here see apparent arguments of true love , mixed with a noble and heroick temper : for friends are to be tried in extremities , either in matters of state or life : in state , by releeving their wants ; in life , by engaging themselves to all extremes , rather than they will suffer their friend to perish . These are they who will latch the blow of affliction laid upon their friends , with the buckler of affection ; preferring death before their friends disgrace . Marcus Servilius a valiant Roman , who had fought three and twenty combats of life and death in his owne person , and had alwayes slaine as many of his enemies as challenged him man to man ; when as the people of Rome resisted Paulus Aemilius triumph , stood up and made an Oration in his behalfe : in the midst whereof hee cast up his gowne , and shewed before them the infinite skars and cuts he had received upon his brest ; the sight of which so prevailed with the people , that they all agreed in one , and granted Aemilius triumph . Here observe the tender respect of one friend towards anothers honour : there is nothing unassayed , nothing unattempted , which may procure or further it . For this friendship or combination of minds , as there is nothing more precious , so there is nothing which doth comparably delight or solace the minde like unto it , being faithfully grounded . Their discourse like some choice Musicke delights our hearing ; their sight like some rare Object contents our seeing ; their presence fully satisfies us in their touching ; their well-seasoned jests ( like some delicious banquet ) relish our tasting ; and their precepts ( like sweet flowers ) refresh our smelling . Thus is every sense satisfied , by enjoying that which it loveth : for as senses wanting their proper objects , become uselesse ; so men , whether in prosperitie or adversitie , wanting friends to relie on , are wretched and helplesse : So as there is no greater wildernesse than to be without true friends . For without friendship , societie is but meeting , acquaintance a formall or ceremoniall greeting . Wheras it is friendship , when a man can say to himselfe , * I love this man without respect of utilitie : for ( as I formerly noted ) those are no friends but hirelings , who professe friendship only to gaine by it . Certainly , whosoever hath had the happinesse to enjoy a true & faithfull friend , to whom he might freely impart the secrets of his brest , or open the Cabbinet of his counsels , he ( I say ) and only he hath had the experience of so rare a benefit daily redounding from the use of friendship : where two hearts are so individually united , as neither from other can well be severed . And as it is certaine , that in bodies inanimate , union strengthneth any naturall motion , and weakneth any violent motion ; so amongst men , friendship multiplieth joyes , and divideth griefs . It multiplies joyes ; for it makes that joy communicative , which before was single ; it divideth griefes ; for it shares in them , and so makes them lesse . Now perfection of friendship , is but a speculation , if wee consider the many defects which are for most part subject to all worldly friendship : yea , and as the world increaseth in age , so it decreaseth most commonly in goodnesse : for in Courts , are suits and actions of Law ; in Cities , tricks and devices to circumvent ; in the Country , ingrossing and regrating , of purpose to oppresse . It is rare to see a faithfull Damon or a Pythias ; a Pylades or Orestes ; a Bitias or a Pandarus ; a Nisus or Euryalus . And what may be the cause of this , but that the love of every one is so great to himselfe , as he can finde no corner in his heart to lodge his friend in ? In briefe , none can gaine friends , and make a saving bargaine of it , for now it is a rule commonly received ; He that to all will here be gratefull thought , Must give , accept , demand , much , little , nought . So as it may seeme , it is not given to man to love and to be wise ; because the Lover is ever blinded with affection towards his beloved ; so as , he dis-esteemes honour , profit , yea life it selfe , so hee may gratifie his beloved . But my opinion is quite contrary ; for I hold this as a firme and undoubted Maxime ; that he who is not given to love , cannot be wise . For is he wise , that reposeth such trust in his owne strength , as if he stood in no need of friends ? Is he wise , who dependeth so much on his owne advice , as if all wit and wisdome were treasured in his braine ? Is he wise , who being sicke , would not be visited ; poore , and would not be succoured ; afflicted , and would not be comforted ; throwne downe , and would not be raised ? Surely in the same case is he , who sleights the purchace of a friend , preferring his owne profit before so inestimable a prize . There is none , whether he be valiant , or a profest coward , but may stand in need of a friend in a corner . For be hee valiant , hee stands in need of a friend to second him ; if a coward , he needs one to support him : Therefore , whosoever wanteth fortitude , whether it be in minde or bodie , let him embrace friendship ; for if his weaknesse proceed from the minde , hee shall finde a choice receit in the breast of his friend , to strengthen and corroborate him , so as griefe may assaile or assault him , but it cannot dismay or amate him . Againe , if his weaknesse proceed from the bodie , that weaknesse is supplied by the strength of his friend , who will be an eye to direct him , and a foot to sustaine him . Telephus , when he could finde none amongst his friends to cure his wound , permitted his enemie to doe it : and he who purposed to kill Prometheus the Thessalian , opened his impostume with his sword . If such effects have proceeded from enmitie , what rare and incredible effects may be imagined to take their beginning from amitie ? Than which , as nothing is stricter in respect of the bond , so nothing is more continuate in respect of the time : being so firme , as not to be dissolved ; so strict , as not to be anulled ; so lasting , as never to be ended . Neither is this benefit , derived from friend to friend , onely restrained to matters of action or imployment , but extendeth it selfe to exercises of pleasure and recreation . For tell me , what delight can any one reape in his pleasure , wanting a friend to partake with him in his pleasure ? Takes he delight in Hunting ? let him choose Acquaintance that may suit him in it : not onely a Hunter , but one whose conceit ( if occasion serve ) can reach further ; such an one I would have him as could make an Embleme of the Forest where hee raungeth , compose a Sonnet on the Objects which he seeth , and fit himselfe for ought hee undertaketh . Of which ranke , was that merry Epigrammatist , ( as it may be imagined ) who being taxed for wearing a horne , and could not wind it , made this replie ; My friend did tax me seriously one morne , That I should weare , yet could not wind , the horne ; And I repli'd , that he for truth should finde it , Many did weare the Horne that nere could wind it : Hows'ere of all , that Man may weare it best , Who makes claime to it , as his ancient Crest . To interveine conceits or some pleasant jests in our Recreations , whether discursive or active , is no lesse delightfull than usefull : but these jests should be so seasoned , as they may neither taste of lightnesse , nor too much saltnesse . Iests festive are oft-times offensive , they incline too much to levitie ; jests civill ( for into these two are all divided ) are better relishing , because mixed with more sobrietie and discretion . Catullus answer to Philippus the Atturney , was no lesse wittie than bitter : for Catullus and he being one day at high words together ; Why barkest thou , quoth Philippus ? Because I see a Theefe , answered Catullus . He shewed himselfe a quick Anatomist , who branched man into three parts , saying , That man had nothing but substance , soule , and bodie ; Lawyers dispose of the substance , Physitians of the bodie , and Divines of the soule . Present and pregnant was Donato's answer to a young Gentleman , who beholding a brave company of amorous Ladies and Gentlewomen , meeting Donato comming towards Rome , as one admiring their number and feature , said ; Quot coelum stellas , tot habet tua Roma puellas . by and by answered Donato ; Pascua quot haedos , tot habet tua Roma-cinaedos . Phaedro being asked , why in the Collects , where Christian Bishops and Pagans be prayed for , the Cardinalls were not remembred ? answered , they were included in that prayer , Oremus pro haereticis & schismaticis . Well requited was that young Scholler , who giving his Master this Evening salute : Domine magister , Deus det tibi bonum sero ; was answered by his Master : Et tibi malumcito . Wittie , but shrewd was that answer of a Disputant in my time to his Moderator in Posterior : who demanding of him what the cause should be , that he with whom he disputed , should have so great a head and so little wit , replied ; Omne majus continet in se minus . A base minde was well displayed in that covetous man , who unwilling to sell his corne while it was at an high price , expecting ever when the Market would rise higher ; when he saw it afterward fall , in despaire hanged himselfe upon a beame of his chamber ; which his man hearing , and making haste , cut the rope and preserved his life : afterwards , when he came to himselfe , hee would needs have his man to pay for the cord hee had cut . But I approve rather of such jests as are mixed with lesse extremes : pleasant was that answer of Scipio Nasica , who going to Ennius house in Rome , and asking for Ennius ; Ennius bade his maid tell him he was not within . So Ennius on a time comming to Scipio's house , and asking whether he was at home ? I am not at home , answered Scipio : Ennius wondering thereat ; Doe I not know that voice ( quoth hee ) to be Scipio's voice ? Thou hast small civilitie in thee ( answered Scipio ) that when I beleeved thy maid thou wert not at home , yet thou wilt not beleeve me . Likewise to retort a jest , is an argument of a quicke wit ; as Leo Emperour of Bizantium answered one , who being crook-backt , jested at his bleared eyes ; saying , Thou reprochest mee with the defect of nature , and thou carriest Nemesis upon thy shoulders . Domitius reproaching Crassus , that he wept for a Lamprey ; Crassus answered , but thou hast buried three wives without one teare . Alexander asking a Pyrate , that was taken and brought before him ; How he durst be so bold to infest the Seas with his pyracie ? was answered with no lesse spirit , That hee played the Pyrate but with one ship , but his Majestie with a huge navie . Which saying so pleased Alexander , that hee pardoned him : reaping especiall delight in that similitude of action , by which was transported the current of the Kings affection . Other Conceits there are more closely couched , covertly carried , and in silence uttered ; as that of Bias , who , when an evill man asked him what goodnesse was ; answered nothing : and being demanded the cause of his silence ; I am silent ( quoth he ) because thou enquirest of that , which nothing concernes thee . The same Bias sailing on a time with some naughtie men , by violence of a tempest , the ship wherein they were , became so shaken and tossed with waves , as these naughty men began to call upon the gods ; Hold your peace ( said Bias ) lest these gods you call upon understand that you be here . But lest by dwelling too long upon jests , I forget the Series of my discourse , I will succinctly conclude this branch , with my judgement touching Acquaintance in this kinde . As I would have Gentlemen to make choice of their Acquaintance by their sound , so I would not have them all sound : Musicke doth well with ayres , but there is no Musicke in that discourse which is all ayre . My meaning is , I would not have these Acquaintance which they make choice of , all words or flashes of wit : for I seldome see any of these who are so verball , much materiall ; or these who are all wit , but through height of a selfe-conceit they fall to much weaknesse . For these many times preferre their conceit before the hearers appetite , and will not sticke to lose their friend rather than their jest , which in my opinion is meere madness : for he that values his jest above his friend , over-values his conceit , and had need of few jests , or great store of friends . I have knowne some wits turne wittalls ; by making themselves Buffouns and stale jesters for all assemblies . Which sort are fitter for Gentlemen to make use of as occasion serves , than to entertaine them as bosome-acquaintance : for as the benefit which redounds to one from another in action , exercise , and recreation , is mutually imparted ; so is the danger no lesse incident one to another , where the ends or uses are perverted . Thus farre have we proceeded in the discovery of those particular benefits which redound from discourse , advice , and action , by meanes of Acquaintance : being the Cement which so firmely joyneth minds together , as they may be encountred by extremes , but divided never . Now for as much as the essentiall triall of Acquaintance consists in matters of highest consequence , we are now to addresse our selves to such a choice , as our choice may admit no change . THe precept of that ancient Sage is worth remembring ; Follow such friends as it may not shame thee to have chosen . Certainly , there is no one argument to evince man of indiscretion , more holding than this ; That he makes no difference or distinction in the choice of his friends . In which respect , no man can bee too warie or circumspect , because herein for most part , consisteth his well-fare or undoing . It were meet therefore that a Gentleman made choice of such for his friends or acquaintance , as are neither Timists nor Timonists , Fawners nor Frowners . For the first sort , they are for all seasons , and all weathers ; so as they may be fitly compared to the Hedge-hogge , who hath two holes in his siedge , one toward the South , another toward the North. Now when the Southerne wind blowes , he stops up that hole , and turnes him Northward ; when the Northerne wind blowes , he stops up that hole likewise , and turnes him againe Southward . Such Vrchins are all temporizers : they turne as the wind blowes , and sute themselves for euery occasion . These friends or Acquaintance who follow not us but ours , will be seene in all Liveries : Princes have felt the inconveniencie of them , and inferiour States have not beene free from them : but the highest States generally are most subject to these retainers ; For Princes by experience we have seene , Abused most where most their trust hath beene . Now there are two kinds of Princes ( saith Comines ) the one are so cautelous and suspitious , as they are scarce to bee endured : for they are almost come to that passe , as they thinke themselves ever deluded and circumvented . Such was Dionysius the tyrant of Syracusa , who grew so suspicious , as he would not trust any Barber to shave him , causing his owne daughters to learne to shave . Others there bee , who are so farre from harbouring suspicion , as being of a dull and lumpish wit , they scarce understand what is commodious for them , and what not . Such was Domitian , who cared more for catching of flies , than retaining of friends : being so farre from preventing danger , as he never foresaw it , till he felt it . In these there is small constancy of mind ; for as they easily discontinue friendship , they as easily decline from hatred and embrace friendship . Constantine the great , being a profest foe to all these Timists , or temporizing Sycophants , was wont to call them Gnats and Moths that pester a Princes Palace . So aspiring be their aymes , so base their meanes ; Who like base Beetles as they have begun , In every Cowsheard nestle neere the Sun. Whence , as it may bee probably gathered , was that sentence derived , Amici Curiae , Parasiti Curiae ; fawning rather than friending , tendring onely love where they hope to receive gaine . These , as they have Ianus front , for they carrie two faces under one hood , so have they Simons heart , professing love , but practising hate : of which sort the ever-living Homer thus concludeth ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . There 's nought on earth I more detest , Than sugred breath in Serpents brest . Whence it was that the great spirited Byron , who shewed more passion than resolution at his death , howsoever during all his time none was ever held for a more brave or noble Souldier ; perceiving his trust ( as he collected ) betrayed by La Fin , with whom he had conspired , and by whom his practice was disclosed , he confessed that La Fin had bewitched him , exhorting his Hoast to be warie of him , lest he should delude and circumvent him with his impostures . For certainly , as more expresly appeared , not onely at the time of his execution , but in all the passages of his practice , as he had reposed great trust in La Fin , in the whole management of that businesse ; so having seene his trust weakned , and those many protestations of amity infringed , ( though in practices of that nature there can bee no true league of friendship ) it moved him no lesse to impatience , than the discovery of his Treason . But these fawning friends or Timists which wee have now in quest , as they are onely for the present time , so will they undertake many times the most enormous and indirect course to raise their hopes , that can bee devised . When the rash-aspiring Catiline had promised to divulge those new tables , wherein were contained the proscription of the rich , Magistracies , Priest-hoods , rapines , and all other insolencies , which either the shocke of warre , or will of the Conquerour gives way to ; hee had followers enow upon the instant to second him in his hatefull courses : being such as either his youth had made him acquainted with , or his dissolute course had consorted with : which unhappy followers made him doubtlesse , more violent in his attempts , and lesse considerate in his directions . How needfull then is it , to prevent the occasion of so maine an inconvenience ? How expedient is it to avoid the frequent or society of such , as will not sticke to bee assistants in mischiefe ? How consequent a thing is it , to weane ones selfe not onely from their familiarity and inward acquaintance , but even from so much as conversing with them or writing to them . Themistocles was suspected to be knowne to Pausanias treason , although most cleare of himselfe , because he wrote unto him . For as the nature of man is originally depraved , so by consorting with vicious men the arme of sinne becomes strengthened . The Fuller ( as it is in the fable ) would by no meanes suffer the Collier to dwell with him under one roofe , lest hee should soile what he had rinsed . Which fable hath a morall relation to the course of our life , and the nature of such as wee usually consort with : for there is a traffique or commerce as well of manners as persons , of vertues and vices , as other commodities . The Babylonian hath beene naturally said to be arrogant , the Theban passionate , the Iew envious , the Tyrian covetous , the Sidonian a rioter , the Egyptian a sorcerer : neither did these nations keepe these vices to themselves , for they induced others likewise , to whom they had recourse and commerce , to be affected to the like : for the very Egyptians had so bewitched Caesar himselfe with their illusions , as hee gave great attention to them ; as Alexander was delighted with the Brachmanes . For Vice is such an over-growing or wildespreading weed , as there is no soyle wherein it likes not , no kinde of nature ( of what temper soever ) it invades not , and invading surprizeth not . To the Body , diseases are infectious , to the Minde are vices no lesse obnoxious : for vices are the diseases of the minde , as infirmities breed distempers and diseases to the Body . So as , whether wee observe the state of Church or Common-weale , we shall finde vices to bee of a nature no lesse spreading than diseases ; neither the state or Symptome of the minde lesse endangered by the infusion of the one , than the body by the infection of the other . For as the state Politicke is much weakned by the haunt of these vices , so is that mourning Dove the Church , many times afflicted to see herselfe torne with Schismes and divisions : where as * Waspes make honey-combes , so Marcionists make Churches . How needfull then is it to divide our selves from the consorts of vice , without entertaining the least occasion that might induce us to give consent to her followers ? Augustus wore ever about him , for preservative against thunder , a Seales skinne , which Plinie writes checketh lightning ; as Tiberius wore alwayes about his necke a Wreath of Laurell . But let us carrie about us that Moli or herbe of grace , whose precious juyce may repell the spells of so inchanting a Syren . For as the Vnicornes horne being dipt in water , cleares and purifies it , so shall this soveraigne receit cure all those maladies , which originally proceed from the poyson of vice . The mind so long as it is evill affected , is miserably infected . For so many evills , so many Devills , first tempting and tainting the soule with sinne , then tearing and tormenting her with the bitter sense of her guilt . Saint Basil saith , that passions rise up in a drunken man , like a swarme of Bees buzzing on every side ; whatsoever that holy Father saith of one vice , may be generally spoken of all : so as wee may truly conclude with that Princely Prophet ; They come about us like Bees : though they have honey in their thighs , they have stings in their tailes , wounding our poore soules even unto death . Requisite therefore is it to avoid the society of such whose lives are either touched or tainted with any especiall Crime ; these are dangerous Patternes to imitate , yea , dangerous to consort with ; for as the Storke being taken in the company of the Cranes , was to undergoe like punishment with them , although she had scarce ever consented to feed with them ; so be sure , if we accompany them , we shall have a share in their shame , though not in their sinne . Auoid the acquaintance of these Heires of shame , whose affected liberty hath brought them to become slaves to all sensuality , and sure ere long to inherit misery . Give no care to the Sycophant , whose sugred tongue and subtill traine are ever plotting your ruine ; hate the embraces of all insinuating Sharkes , whose smoothnesse will worke on your weaknesse ; and follow the Poets advice : Avoid such friends as feigne and fawne on thee , Like Scylla's rocke within Sicilian Sea. So dangerous are these Syrenian friends , that like the Sicilian shelves , they menace shipwracke to the inconsiderate sailer . For these , as they professe love , and labour to purchase friends ; so their practices are but how to deceive and entrap those to whom they professe love . Whence it is that Salomon saith , A man that flattereth his Neighbour , spreadeth a net for his steps . That is , he that giveth eare to the flatterer , is in danger , as the bird is before the Fowler . Hee whistleth merrily , spreadeth his Nets cunningly , and hunteth after his prey greedily . And let this suffice to bee spoken for the Timist , who professeth observance to his friend onely for his owne end . Now Gentlemen , as I would not have you to entertaine time with fawnes , so neither with frownes . The former , as they were too light , so the latter are too heavy . The one too supple , the other too surlie . For these Timonists ( for we have done with our Timists ) as Cicero said of Galba's leaden and lumpish body , His wit had an ill lodging , are of too sullen and earthy a constitution . It is never faire weather with them , for they are ever louring , bearing a Calender of ill weather in their brow . These for the most part are Male-contents , and affect nothing lesse than what is generally pleasing : appearing in the world naturalized Demophons whose humour was to sweat still in the shadow , and snake in the Sunne . So as , howsoever they seeme seated in another Clime , for disposition they are like the Antipodes unto us , opposing themselves directly against us in all our courses . They are of Democritus mind , who said , that the truth of things lay hid in certaine deepe mines or caves ; and what are these but their owne braines ? For they imagine , there can be no truth , but what they professe . They proclaime defiance to the world , saying ; Thou miserably deluded world , thou embracest pleasure , wee restraine it . Thou for pleasure doest all things , wee nothing . Now who would not imagine these Stoickes to be absolute men ? Such as are rare to see on earth , in respect of their austeritie of life , and singular command over their affections ? Such as are divided ( as it were ) from the thought of any earthly businesse , having their Mindes sphered in a higher Orbe ? Such as are so farre from intermedling in the world , as they dis-value him that intends himselfe to negotiate in the world ? Such , as when they see a man given to pleasure , or some moderate Recreation , whereby he may be the better enabled for other imployments , sleight him as a Spender of time , and one unfit for the societie of men . Such , as say unto Laughter , Thou art mad ; and unto joy , what meanest thou ? Such as take up the words of that grave Censor in the Poet ; Tak'st thou delight to trace those pathes , where worldlings walked have , Which seldome doe refresh the Minde , but often doe deceive ? Yet behold , how many times these mens severity comes short of sinceritie ! They will lay heavie burdens on others shoulders , which they will be loth to touch with the tip of their finger . The Taskes which they impose on others are insupportable , the pressures they lay on themselves very easie and tolerable . Of this ranke was Aglataidas , of whom that noble and faithfull Historian Comines writeth , saying ; While he served in the Campe he was of a most harsh and austere condition , doing many things perversly , and desiring rather to be feared than loved . Such was this Timon , from whose name wee entitle these frowning friends , who can hardly be true friends to any , being so opposite or repugnant to all , as they can scarcely hold concurrence with any . Neither was this Timon ( as Plutarch reporteth of him ) only harsh and uncivill towards men , but towards women also : so as going forth one day into his Orchard , and finding a woman hanging upon a wilde Fig-tree : O God ( quoth he ) that all trees brought forth such fruit ! Vnfit therefore was this Timon for the Acquaintance of man , who profest himselfe so mortall and irreconciliable an enemie to the sociablest and entirest Acquaintance of man. So as , these Timonists are to be cashiered for two reasons ; first , for their owne harsh and rough condition ; secondly , for the unjust grounds of their opinion , which dissents so far from societie , as it disallowes of Marriage , the ordinary meanes appointed to preserve societie . So as , leaving them and their opinion , as alreadie evinced , wee will descend to make choice of your neerest Acquaintance , ( I meane ) the choice of your wife ; the first day of which solemnitie promiseth either a succeeding Iubile , or a continued Scene of sorrow , where nought is sung but dolefull Lachrymae . It was pleasantly spoken of him who said ; Wives are young mens Mistresses ; Companions for middle age ; and old-mens Nurses . The first sort take as much content in wearing their mistresse favour , as winning it ; the second sort in winning rather than wearing it ; the third neither in wearing nor winning it , but like children , to be cherished and cockered by it . The second sort are we only to speake of , where wives are to be made companions , and such entire ones , as they are bone of your bone , and flesh of your flesh . In the choice whereof , we will propose such necessary cautions , as shall be no lesse usefull to your selves , if rightly observed , than motives of comfort , if duly and exactly considered . He was reputed one of the wise men , that made answer to the question ; When a man should marry ? A young man not yet , an elder man not at all . Of which opinion was Arminius that Ruler of Carthage , whose harsh conceit of mariage proceeding either from personall disabilitie , or some experience of womans levitie , deserves small approbation . For had it beene Arminius fortune to have matched with Arminia , hee would doubtlesse , rather have fallen into admiration of so sacred a rite , than into distaste of it . For this Noble Lady , being bidden to King Cyrus wedding , went thither with her husband : at night when they were returned home , her husband asked of her , how shee liked the Bridegroome , whether shee thought him to be a faire and beautifull Prince or no ? Truth ( sayes she ) I know not : for all the while I was forth , I cast mine eyes upon none other , but upon thy selfe . Or had Calanus prevented Hiero of his choice , he would have fallen from his Stoicall dreame to a Nuptiall song ; for one of Hiero's enemies reproching him with a stinking breath , hee went home and questioned his wife why shee told him not thereof ; but what answer gave this continent Ladie ? Surely ( said she ) I thought all men had the same savour . Or had Timon attained the happinesse to joyne hands with Theogena , wife to Agathocles , he had not inveighed so much against the state of Marriage ; for this renowned Lady shewed admirable constancie in her husbands greatest misery , shewing her selfe most his owne , when hee was relinquis●t and forsaken of his owne , saying , That shee was not given him to be a sharer only in his prosperitie , but in what fortune soever should befall him . Or had Zenocrates enjoyed Zenobia , hee would no lesse have admired his fortune , than beshrewed himselfe for depriving himselfe so long of so sweet a Companion . For this princely Ladie , after the death of Odonatus ( though a Barbarian Queene ) yet by her reading of both Roman and Greeke Histories , so managed the State after the decease of her husband , as shee retained those fierce and intractable people in her obedience : being a woman no lesse absolute for learning , than discreet governing : for she abridged the Alexandrian , and all the Orientall Histories , ( a taske of no lesse difficultie than utilitie ) whereby she attained the highest pitch of wisdome and authoritie . Or had Aristippus beene so happie as linked himselfe with Artemisia , he would have preferred so kinde and constant a yoke-fellow before all exteriour contemplations : for this chaste and choice Lady , after the death of her beloved Mausolus , thought it not sufficient to erect a glorious monument in his memory , but to enshrine him in her owne bodie , by drinking his ashes , and interring him in herselfe . Many such eminent women may wee reade of in Histories both divine and humane , whose vertues have equalled , if not surpassed most men . So as , howsoever it was the Milesian Thales his saying , that he had cause to give Fortune thankes for three things especially ; first , for that he was a man , and not a beast ; secondly , that he was a man , and not a woman ; thirdly , that he was a Greeke borne , and not a Barbarian : Women there be whos 's more noble endowments merit due admiration , because as in their sex weaker and inferiour , so in the gifts of the minde richer and superiour . But now to our Choice : for it is to be received as alreadie granted , being by the authoritie of an Apostle confirmed , that Mariage is honourable among all : and every honourable thing is more eligible than that which is not honourable . So as he that shunneth Mariage , and avoideth societie , is to be esteemed a foe to humanitie , or more than a man ; as he whom Homer reprehendeth , saying : That he was tribe-lesse , law-lesse , and houselesse . I could wish every young Gentleman to make that Choice of his Mistresse , which Seneca would have one observe in the choice of a Master ; Choose him for thy Master ( saith he ) whom thou mayest more admire , seeing him , than hearing him . Neither altogether , as Egnatius in Catullus , is brought out shewing the whitenesse of his teeth : for all outward perfections , are but as fuell to feed desire , without that inward faire , which onely maketh woman worthy loving . For what is a beautifull complexion , being an exteriour good ; or that which Euryclea his nurse praised , when she washed the feet of Vlysses , namely , gentle speech , and tender flesh , wanting those inward graces , which truly adorne and beautifie women ? So as it is much better to follow his direction in the choice of a wife , who said , that they were to be chosen a Modestiá non formâ ; which Modestie cannot admit of this ages vanitie , where there nothing is lesse affected than what is comely . For , b these garish fashions agree well with none but prostitutes and shamelesse women . c Neither can that face be a good one , which stands in need of these helpes . For d what madnesse is it to change the forme of nature , and seeke beautie from a Picture ? e Which Picture is vices posture , and the ages imposture . f Neither doe these affected trumperies , nor exquisite vanities become a Christian. g For what is more vaine , than dying of the haire , painting of the face , laying out of breasts ? h Doe not say that these can have shamefast mindes , who have such wandring and immodest eyes . i For the habit of the minde is to be discerned by the carriage : so as even in motion , gesture , and pace , is modestie to be observed . How miserable then is the state of these phantasticke Idols ▪ who can endure no fashion that is comely , because it would not be observed ? How base is her shape , which must borrow complexion from the shop ? k How can shee weepe for her sinnes ( saith S. Hierome ) when her teares will make furrowes in her face ? With what confidence doth she lift up her countenance to heaven , which her maker acknowledges not ? l I would , I poore wretch ( saith Tertullian ) might see in that day of Christian exaltation , whether with Cerusse , and Vermillion , and Saffron , and those tyres and toyes upon your head , you are to rise againe ! which if they doe , they shall certainly witnesse against them , m to receive the reward of their painting in a Lake of tormenting . n For these are they who lay hands upon God , correcting with a hand of contempt the workmanship of God. These never carry a box of ointment to bestow on the members of Christ , but a o box of complexion they have in readinesse to bestow on a cheeke . Which sort of Wantons ( for how should I otherwise terme them ) are well displayed by one in their colours after this manner ; p Shee surely keepes her fault of Sex and Nation , And best alloweth still the last Translation : Much good time lost , shee rests her faces debter , Sh 'as made it worse , striving to make it better . This introduced ulcer , which is now esteemed no sore , because custome hath taken away the sense of a sore , how much it was abhorred formerly , may appeare by that command or constitution purposely exhibited to restrain it . q Doe not paint thy face which God hath made . But if our women would but consider how hatefull these abuses are in the sight of the Almightie , yea , how much they were loathed even of all honest women in former ages , they would distaste them , sure I am , farre more than they affect them . For if we will credit Saint r Hierome , writing to Marcella , who saith ; That those women were matter of scandall to Christian eyes , which painted their faces and eyes with Vermillion , and such like adulterate complexions . Yea he writes , That Maximilla Montanus his Prophetesse , a woman-devill , by command from him whom shee served , did use to paint . So Festus Pompeius saith , That common and base Whores , called Schoenicolae , used dawbing of themselves , though with the vilest stuffe . So did the Druids amongst the Romans , expresly shadowed by the Poet ; s Preserve what Nature gave you , nought's more base Than Belgian colour on a Roman face . t So did our ancient Britaines , but not to make their faces more amiable , but to appeare more terrible to the enemie . Thus much , Gentlemen , I thought good to write , before you make your choice , that you may see who are worth loving before you make your choice . u There is one flower to be loved of women , a good red , which is shamefastnesse ; Here make your choice , and you shall finde farre more content in a native than artificiall blush . For as Diogenes said to one that had anointed his haire ; x Take heed that thy smelling head bring thee not an ill-smelling life ; so beware lest these perfumed Ones become not polluted Ones . For whosoever shall use them , I cannot choose but suspect them ▪ howsoever I have read of some that maintained the use of painting , grounded upon these ensuing respects ; y Such a cause there may be ( saith one ) that women may use painting , and without sinne : As for example , if it be done of purpose to cover any blemish or deformitie . Likewise , if the husband command that his wife should doe it , to the end that among other women shee might appeare more amiable . Which opinion seemes likewise confirmed by another , who affirmes , z That to receive more beautie by attire or painting , though it be a counterfeit worke , yet it is no mortall sin . So as Platina writeth , that Paulus Secundus , Bishop of Rome , used to paint himselfe . Whom if Diogenes had seene , he would doubtlesse have said to him , as hee once said to a youth too curiously and effeminately drest : If thou goest to men , all this is but in vaine ; if unto women , it is wicked . Wicked surely , it cannot choose , being ( as it were ) a reproving or reforming of the Almightie , whose workmanship is so absolute , as it admits of no correction . Take heed therfore that you be not taken with one of these Idols , as Pigmalion was with his Image ; but so direct your affections , as she may be worthy your embrace , whom you shall choose . Which that you may the better effect , follow the Sages advice in your choice : Match with your equall . If not in fortunes , for so both may prove beggers , at least in descent : so will she the better content her selfe with your estate , and conforme her the better to your meanes . For I have seldome seene any difference greater , arising from Marriage , than imparitie of birth or descent , where the wife will not sticke to twit her husband with her Parentage , and brave him with repetition of her descent . Likewise , as I would not have you to entertaine so maine a businesse without mature advice , so I would not have you wholly rely upon a friends counsell ; but as you are to have the greatest Oare in the Boat , so to make your selfe your owne carver : for he that is enforced to his Choice , makes a dangerous bargaine . Wherefore ground your Choice on Love , so shall you not choose but like ; making this your conclusion ; To her in Hymens bands I 'le nere be tide , Whom Love hath not espous'd and made my Bride . For what miseries have ensued on enforced Mariages , there is no Age but may record : where rites enforced , made the hands no sooner joyned , than their minds divorced , bidding adue to Content , even at that instant when those unhappie rites were solemnized . The next Observance in making your Choice , is matter of Portion ; a businesse not altogether to be neglected ; for if she be a good wife , a good Portion makes her no worse : and if an ill one , she had need of a Portion to make her better . For he hath a hard bargaine that hath neither portion in a wife , nor out of a wife . We would account him a weake and simple man , that would enter bond without either consideration or securitie to keepe him harmelesse . You are sure to be bound , be not so farre from consideration , as have nothing to shew for your selfe for your own security . I can commend his wit , who having made choice of a Proportion , moving enough to gaine affection , was not content so , but he must know further touching her Portion ; that as her Proportion procured love , so her Portion might enable him how to live : like a quicke Epigrammatist he proceedeth thus ; I got a Portion and Proportion too , One got , the other I desir'd to know , Which knowne , though at that season I was free , A thousand pound cost me my Libertie . O foole ( quoth my Alexis ) to be bound To thraldomes yoke , to gaine a thousand pound ! Content thee friend ( said I ) for wor'st thou what , I have beene bound for a lesse summe than that , Yet nere was Bankrupt , but if so I doubt To lose by th'bargaine , I will banke her out . It is a true saying , Something hath some favour ; whereas he that neither gets good wife nor good portion , will make but a hard saver . For he that wants a wife to cherish him , had need of some money to cheere him . Having now made choice of your wife , being so well disposed ( as it is to be intended , ) she should not be much restrained : for shee hath alreadie resolved to be no gadder , but in resemblance of the Snaile , a good House-keeper . The Grecians accustomed to burne , before the doore of the new married , the axletree of that coach , wherein shee was brought to her husbands house , letting her to understand , that she was ever after to dwell there . Which custome shee approveth , having made her family her common-weale , where she addresseth her selfe to governe without intermedling in others affaires . Neither is she only to be freed from restraint of liberty in going abroad , ( for her occasions call her , or else she could be contented to be housed for ever : ) but in her desire of apparell , or any thing else that shee affecteth . For wheresoever Christ is , there is a shamefastnesse ; like as wheresoever Antichrist is , there is b shamelesnesse . And this chosen vessell well understands that all garish and gorgeous attire , is the attire of sinne , which shee will not so much as partake with , having learned how that Modestie is the only ornament which beseemes a Matron . Wherefore , you should much wrong your Choice to restraine her from the use of any pleasure which she affecteth : for so well disposed is she , as shee affecteth no other pleasure than to converse with Vertue , which she holdeth at a higher rate than to be purchased with a masse of treasure . But admit it were your fortune to bestow your selfe on one , whose Licentious affection might second Faustina's , whose pride Sempronia's , and whose shrewd tongue Zantippe's : you must make a vertue of a necessitie , and so learne to inure you to patience , as you may be able by continuall exercise to encounter and subdue the violentest passions . How wisely did Aurelius cover his Faustina's shame , labouring to reclaime by mildnesse , when he could not prevaile by bitternesse ? How discreetly was Sempronia's proud humour curbed , and with as little impatience as might be reproved ? How resolutely did Socrates forbeare his wife Zantippe , though a froward woman , because he thought he might better and with more patience converse with others ? For Marriage is no such merchandize , as to promise returne with advantage to all factors . There is a ceremoniall custome used by the Duke of Venice upon the Ascension day , to goe in a vessell called the Bucentor , made Galley-wise , with other Nobles a mile or two into the Sea : casting a Ring into it , ( by which ceremonie they wed the Sea ) that it may never leave the Citie upon drie land . Certainly , whosoever he be that marrieth a wife , empledging his faith unto her by a Ring , must not thinke that he hath brought his ship to a perpetuall harbour , but rather that he is now putting off from Land , and entring the maine Ocean , where he is to encounter with many violent blasts , contrary winds , surging waves , ebs and flowes , which will not end till his journey end . It were wisdome therefore to beare what we may not avoid : considering , that as the Marriage state is subject to many occurrences , so it is endowed with sundry excellent privileges , as the gravitie of the state requireth : As in Rome , the Lex Iulia gave precedencie to him who had most children ; and in Florence at this day , hee that is father of five children , straight-way upon the birth of the fifth , is exempted from all Imposts , Subsidies , and Lones . Also here in England , a married man ( out of a tender respect to his posterity ) is not so soone prest into the wars as single-men or batchelors . Wherefore , as the state is more honoured , so is more sobrietie and government in it required ; bearing your selves patiently without bitternesse , and forbearing your wives for their sexes weaknesse . Having thus farre discoursed of Acquaintance both at bed and boord ; it were not amisse , if we set downe some especiall directions , which might better instruct you in the choice of them ; which , as Protogenes seeing but a little line drawne in a Table , knew straight-waies it was Apelles doing , whom hee had never seene ; shall upon first sight resolve you , that those friends , or Acquaintance , to which these instructions shall direct you , are worthy loving and knowing . There is no one note more infallible of true friendship , than to expresse a faithfulnesse in misery : which faithfulnesse is ever found in these noble and generous Dispositions , who can say with Chylo , That in all their life-time they were never guiltie of Ingratitude . So as Nobilitie and Affabilitie hold for most part concurrencie : whence the Poet ; A Disposition towardly and good , Implyes a generous and a Noble blood . These keepe continuall records of courtesies received ; with a Catalogue of such friends as have at their hands worthily deserved . It is reported of Henry the fifth , that he never promised any thing , but he registred and set it downe with his owne hand . Such noble sparkes are these , who , as they receive acceptably , so they render backe bountifully , making no other benefit of Amitie , than as of a mutuall or reciprocall courtesie . Neither is it to be wondered at , that I should here make choice of Descent or Birth , as an especiall or infallible note of true and faithfull Amitie : for there is a naturall straine in all creatures , which they take from the parents that bred them ; Strong men from strong their native strength doe gather , Both Bull and Horse take spirit from their father . It is a common saying amongst us , That a Gentleman will doe like a Gentleman ; he scornes to doe unlike himselfe , for his word is his gage , and his promise such a tye as his reputation will not suffer him to dispence with . Men of this ranke , as they are readie to beare an equall share in their friends misery , so are they resolved with a spirit undanted , ( if such be their chance ) in their own persons to sustaine misery ; for they esteeme no man so unhappie , as he that cannot beare unhappinesse . In Sicilia there is a fountaine called Fons Solis , out of which at mid-day , when the Sunne is neerest , floweth cold water ; at mid-night when the Sunne is farthest off , floweth hot water . Such fountaines are these firme friends , who , when the Sunne shineth hottest upon you , with the raies of prosperitie , will yeeld you cold water , no great comfort or succour , because you need it not : but when the Sunne is farthest off , and the darkest clouds which fortune can contract , sit heaviest on you , then they send forth hot water ; they weepe with you , there is hot water ; they suffer with you , there is hot water ; they cheere you drooping , comfort you sorrowing , support you languishing , and in your extremest fortunes are ever sharing . These crie with Theophrastus , What care we if this friend be rich , that friend poore , we are the same to either ? Make choice therefore of these well bred Ones , for though some degenerate , most of them hold . Whereas , contrariwise , these who are of a base dunghill descent , it is seldome seene but they have some base and unworthy condition ; being generally all for the time , but little for trust , or as Tops which alwayes run round , and never goe forward , unlesse they be whipt . Such a Neuter among the Romans was Tully , who could not resolve , whether he should take Caesars part or Pompeyes part . Among the Grecians was Tydides , who could not determine whether he should joyne himselfe with Achilles or Hector ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Among the Persians was Nabarzanes , who seeing his Masters fortunes decline , laboured to joyne himselfe to him whose fortunes were in rising . Such were Tiberius friends , who shrunke from him , hearing with patience , Tiberium in Tiberim . And such were our Northerne Borderers , who have beene alwayes uncertaine friends in extremities , and assured enemies upon advantage . Of which it may be said , as was spoken of the Philosophers cloake , Pallium video , Philosophum non video : I see the cover of a friend , but no friend . For as nothing is more hatefull than a doubtfull and uncertaine man , who now draweth his foot backe , and now putteth it forward ; so there is nothing more distastefull to any man , than these faire protesting friends , whose hollow and undermining hearts make a shew of faire weather abroad , when there is a tempest at home , comming towards you with their feet , but going from you with their hearts . In briefe , they are Danaus tubs , or running sieves that can hold no water ; leave them therefore to themselves , if you desire in safety to enjoy your selves . Now , to the end I may acquaint you likewise with the rest of such Motives to Love , as are powerfully working in the affection of the minde ; as we have touched the first Motive or inducement to Love , to wit , Parentage or descent , which cannot so farre degenerate from it selfe , but it must of necessity shew it selfe : so it attracts other motives of love unto it , as Benevolence in rewarding ; excellencie or admiration proceeding from the fame of such redoubted Hero's , as have their names charactred and ingraven in leaves of brasse , to preserve their memorie : as Salomon for his wisdome , whom , no doubt , Nicaula Queen of Saba had a desire to see & be known to , through report of his wisdome ; so as her long journey seemed short , having understood that to be true with her owne eare , which shee had only heard of before by report . How much likewise was David affected for his Valour , in discomfiting the uncircumcised Philistin ? So was Alexander , whose report brought the Amazon Thalestris from her owne Countrey , of purpose to be knowne to so invincible a spirit . So Hercules , Achilles , Dardanus , Diomedes , Scipio , Hannibal , Constantine , &c. whose exploits purchased them Love to such as were never acquainted with their persons . Pardoning likewise of injuries , is an excellent motive of Love. When Chylo's brother was angry that himselfe was not made Ephorus as well as he : O ( quoth he ) I know how to suffer injuries , so doest not thou ! Though Diogenes the Cynick answered uncivilly to Alexander , when he came to his poore Mansion in Synope , his Philosophers Barrell , yet hee replied unto his Satyricall speech with no indignation ; but said to such of his attendants , as derided the boarish and exoticke speech of Diogenes , If I were not Alexander , I would wish to be Diogenes . The like instance may be confirmed by holy Writ : where Miriam , for murmuring against Moses , was stricken with a lothsome Leprosie : he could not suffer this condigne punishment to be inflicted on her , but demanded of God that hee would cure her . Another motive to Love , is Hatred , where an ill occasion procureth among enemies a reconciliation . Herod and Pilat enemies before , were reconciled in combining their powers together against Christ. Mastives , if set together , will fight till death , but in the presence of a Bull will joyne together . Sometimes mutuall affliction procureth mutuall affection . Such resorted to David , as were persecuted by Saul , being such as were amaro animo . Where Sauls enmitie brought David to a triall of Hushai's faithfull amitie ; where hee found the words of Ecclesiasticus to be true , A faithfull friend is a strong defence ; and hee that findeth such a one , findeth a treasure . For when wee are in the greatest straights , such an one sheweth the most strength : So as the Apostles words may be here verified , Strength is made perfect in weaknesse . Where one afflicted friend supporteth another , by joyning their strengths together . Another motive there is , proceeding from some especiall delivery from danger : for who will not esteeme him for a friend , who will expose himselfe to danger , to deliver his friend ? Iudith entred Bethulia with Holofernes head , and by that meanes preserved her Countrey from ruine and desolation . Esther procured the death of Haman , repealed those severe and cruell lawes enacted , proclaimed , and even ready to be executed by Hamans suggestion , in the kingdome of the Medes and Persians ; whereby she purchased eternall honour , love and memory in her Countrey . The same love gained Moses for delivering the Israelites from the thraldome of Aegypt . The like may be said of Ioshua , Samson , Maccabeus , and many others frequent in holy Writ . The Romans so highly honoured and affected such as protected their Countrey , and defended her Libertie , as they bestowed no lesse style on them than Patres Patriae . Another motive there is , drawing one Enemie to love another , induced thereto in respect of Compassion , or some other princely vertue which he seeth in him . When Saul understood that David might have taken away his life , and would not , Levavit vocem & flevit : his threats were changed into teares , and his passion into a teare-swolne admiration , to see his foe so full of compassion . We are induced likewise to love them that tell and confesse sincerely their offences ; for an ingenuous acknowledgment of what is done , moves us to commiserate his case by whom it is done , yea quencheth all hate , as if a small sparke were drenched in the Sea. Likewise in the toleration of wrongs , wee are enforced to love him who suffereth them , and having power to revenge , will not out of the noblenesse of his spirit , doe what he may . To conclude , Bountie is a Motive to Love ; for giving gifts gathereth friends : which Bountie is most worthy acceptance , when done with cheerefulnesse . Hilarem datorem diligit Deus . Thus have we traced over such Motives as generally induce or procure Love , Friendship , or Acquaintance ; wherein observe the lesson of the Sonne of Sirach : Depart from thine enemies , and beware of thy friends : for some man is a friend for his owne occasion , and will not abide in the day of thy trouble . Now if you would understand , how a man may know a friend , you shall find him described , and by certaine infallible markes discovered in the twelfth Chapter of the same booke . But alwayes , Beware ( saith he ) of deceitfull friends , lest feeling the bitternesse of them , you finde the saying of the Prophet true : All the men of thy confederacie , have driven thee to the borders : the men that were at peace with thee , have deceived thee , and prevailed against thee : they that eat thy bread , have laid a wound under thee : there is none understanding in him . Make choice then of him for your Acquaintance , whom you may worthily esteeme of as a second-selfe : so may you communicate your counsells freely , acquaint him with your griefes friendly , and share in comforts and afflictions fully . Thus much for the choice of Acquaintance ; wherein I have the rather enlarged my discourse , because I know that as there is nothing more usefull to direction or instruction , than where good ones are elected ; so there is nothing more hurtfull in the maine matter of discipline or conversation , than where ill ones are affected and frequented . MAny and singular were the commendations attributed to Augustus , amongst which none more absolute than this : As none was more slow in entertaining , so none more firme of constant in retaining ; which agrees well with that of the Sonne of Sirach : If thou gettest a friend , prove him first , and be not hastie to credit him . But having found him , we are to value him above great treasures : the reason is annexed : A faithfull friend is a strong defence , and hee that findeth such a one , findeth a treasure . This adviseth every one to be no lesse wary in his choice , than constant in the approvement of his choice ; so as it rests now , that wee presse this point by reasons and authorities , illustrating by the one , and confirming by the other , how consequent a thing it is to shew our selves constant in the choice of our Acquaintance . There is no one thing more dangerous to the state of man , or more infallibly proving fatall , than lightnesse in entertaining many friends , and no lesse lightly cashiering those who are entertained . Which errour I have observed to have borne principall sway in our new-advanced Heires , whose onely ambition it is to be seene numerously attended , phantastically attired , and in the height of their absurdities humoured . These are they , who make choice of Acquaintance , only by outward habit , or which is worse , by roisting or russian behaviour : with whom that false Armory of yellow Bands , nittie Lockes , and braving Mouchato's have ever had choice acceptance . And herein , observe the misery of these depraved ones ; who having made choice of these mis-spenders of time , and abusers of good gifts , they will more constantly adhere to them , than with better affected Consorts . Oh that young Gentlemen would but take heed from falling unwarily upon these shelves , who make shipwracke of their fortunes ( the remaines of their fathers providence ; ) yea not only of their outward state , which were well to be prevented , lest misery or basenesse over-take them ; but even of their good names , those precious odours which sweeten and relish the Pilgrimage of man ! For what more hatefull than to consort with these companions of death , whose honour consists meerely in protests of Reputation , and whose onely military garbe is to tosse a Pipe is stead of a Pike , and to flie to their Tinderbox to give charge to their smoakie Ordnance , to blow up the shallow-laid foundation of that shaken fortresse of their decayed braine ? These hot-liverd Salamanders are not for your company ( Gentlemen ) nor worthy your Acquaintance ; for of all companions , those are the worthiest acceptance , who are so humble-minded and well affected , as they consort with others purposely to be bettered by them ; or being knowing men , by their instructions to better them . That course which the ancient Vestalls observed , such usefull Companions as these have ever seconded . They first learned what to doe ; secondly , they did what they had learned ; thirdly , they instructed others to doe as they had learned . Such as these were good Companions to Pray with , to Play with , to Converse or Commerce with . First , they are good to Pray with ; for such as these only were they who assembled together in one place , imploying their time religiously in prayers , supplications , and giving of thankes : and honouring him , whom all Powers and Principalities doe honour with divine Melodie : which was expressed not so much with the noise of the mouth , as with the joyfull note of the heart , nor with the sound of the lips , as with the soule-solacing motion of the spirit , nor with the consonance of the voice , as with the concordance of the will : For , as the precious stone Diacletes , though it have many rare and excellent soveraignties in it , yet it loseth them all , if it be put in a dead mans mouth : so Prayer , which is the onely pearle and jewell of a Christian , though it have many rare and exquisite vertues in it , yet it loseth them every one , if it be put into a dead-mans mouth , or into a mans heart either , that is dead in sinne , and doth not knocke with a pure hand . So many rare presidents have former times afforded , all most inimitable in this kinde , as to make repetition of them , would crave an ample volume ; we will therefore only touch some speciall ones , whose devotion hath deserved a reverence in us towards them , and an imitation in us after them . Nazianzen in his Epitaph for his sister Gorgonia , writeth , that shee was so given to Prayer , that her knees seemed to cleave to the earth , and to grow to the very ground , by reason of incessancie or continuance in Prayer ; so wholly was this Saint of God dedicated to devotion . Gregory in his Dialogues writeth , that his Aunt Trasilla being dead , was found to have her elbowes as hard as horne ; which hardnesse shee got by leaning to a deske , at which shee used to pray ; so continued was the devotion of a zealous professour . Eusebius in his History writeth , that Iames the brother of our Lord , had knees as hard as Camels knees , benummed and bereaved of all sense and feeling , by reason of continuall kneeling in Prayer ; so sweet was this Taske , undertaken for Gods honor , where practice made that an exercise or solace , which the sensual man maketh a toile or anguish . Hierom in the life of Paul the Eremite writeth , that he was found dead , kneeling upon his knees , holding up his hands , lifting up his eyes : * so that the very dead corps seemed yet to live , and by a kinde of zealous and religious gesture to pray still unto God. So transported or rather intraunced was the spirit of this lovely Dove , as even in death he expressed the practice of his life . These followed Augustines rule in their forme of Prayer : Seeke ( saith he ) what you seeke , but seeke not where you seeke . Seeke Christ , that 's a good what . Seeke what you seeke ; but seeke him not in bed , that is an ill where . But seeke not where you seeke : Moses found Christ not in a soft bed , but in a bramble bush . For as we cannot goe to heaven on beds of downe , no more can those devotions pierce heaven which are made on beds of downe . Albeit , every place is good , for as no place is freed from occasion of sin , so no place should be free from Prayer , which breaketh downe the Partition-wall of our sinne . But certainly those downie Prayers taste too much of the flesh , to relish well of the spirit ; for as he is a delicate Master , who , when his belly is full , disputeth of fasting ; so he is a sensuall Prayer , who in his bed only , addresseth himselfe to devotion . Neither are these only good companions to pray with , but also to play with ; I meane to recreate and refresh our mindes with , when at any time pressed or surcharged either with cares of this world , or in our discontinuance from more worthy and glorious Meditations of the world to come : for as in the former we are usually plunged , so by the latter wee are commonly enfeebled , at least wearied , if by some Recreations , to entertaine and allay the tediousnesse of more wearie houres , we be not refreshed and solaced . Now in our choice of Acquaintance , as like requireth like , so are we to sort our selves to an equality both in degree and condition . When some of Alexanders companions demanded of him , if he would runne a race with them ; Willingly , ( said he ) if there were Kings to runne withall . For this parity breeds affection , and an equalitie of minds in any recreation : while neither respect to an inferiour ranke begets contempt , nor an eye to superiority begetteth feare . Besides , as there is an equality of degree , so is there an equalitie of mind concurring with that degree . There is no pleasure affected by one , which is not entertained with free approbation by another : for in all their jestings , sportings , and delightfull meetings , they are provided of a disposition , equally tempered to give a jest , and take a jest : having ever in mind that common English proverbe , Play with me , but hurt me not ; jest with me , but shame me not . For their sports , as they are harmelesse without guile , so their conceits are pleasant without gall . There is neither saltnesse in the one , nor harshnesse in the other . Neither doe these make sport or pastime a vocation , as if they were borne to nothing else than Play : for these delights of theirs , which are ever moderate , and therefore truly seasoned , they make use of , as Physitians of sugar-plates , which they minister to their patients , to take away the taste of a more bitter potion . It is worth observing , to note the excellent use which these men make of Recreation . They can use it with such temperance , as they can command the pleasure which they use , and not be commanded by it . Their only pleasure is to contemne pleasure , yea even to dis-esteeme it in their height of pleasure : neither , because pleasure delighteth , doth it please them , but because it pleaseth , it doth delight them . It is the excellent'st office of some mens vertue to perswade the use of pleasure , recounting at their Table creatures of all sorts , with which by how much more they are filled , by so much more their appetites remaine unsatisfied . Briefly , whereas their discretion hath subjected appetite to reason , in gaming they play without desire of g●ining ; in Recreations of the Body , their aime is to refresh and renue Nature , without any desire of mastery ; in their solemne feasts , they feed without sursetting ; in their May-games , they are merry without exceeding ; in their flashes or encounters of wit , they are pregnant , present , and pleasant without offending . Those are most fruitfull and fertile in rendering fruit ( saith the Philosopher ) which partake most of cold and moist : which position intendeth the conceptive part ; but my assertion reacheth further ; for I conclude , such as these being equally tempered , to be most copious in the principall workes or faculties of the understanding , being three ; first to discourse ▪ second to distinguish , third to choose . For the first whereof , it resteth that we now proceed in proofe , concluding ; These not to be only the best Companions to pray or play with ( as wee have formerly proved ) but to converse , or commerce with , as we shall hereafter make manifest . Megabizes esteemed Alexander as a Prince , whiles he stood in his Schoole and said nothing ; but when he began to talke of things which he knew not , he said unto him , That even his little children would laugh him to scorne . This speech of Megabizes proceeded ( as may be imagined ) from some words uttered , or reasons alleaged by Alexander , which relished little of Philosophie , being a Studie to which a Souldier is for most part a stranger . But these men , whom we now have in hand , and whom we have made choice of , as fit companions to converse and commerce with , are men of such singular discretion , as they wil preferre silence before discovery of their ignorance . These know for what end or purpose the bars and gates of the lips and teeth ( like a double ward ) were ordained to limit or restraine the Tongue . These observe , how man hath two eyes to see with , two nosthrills to breathe with , two hands to labour with , two feet to walke with , but one Tongue to talk with ; implying , that one Tongue requires as much government as any two members of all the body . Neither only is their Speech wisely silenced , but when delivered , discreetly seasoned . Seasoned with mildnesse and affabilitie , without the least expression of roughnesse or austeritie . Where two meeke men meet together , their conference ( saith Bernard ) is sweet and profitable ; where one man is meeke , it is profitable ; where neither , it proves pernicious . Neither in mildnesse and affabilitie onely , but in the highest pitch of wisdome , is their discourse seated . Whence it was ( as I have heretofore noted ) that Aristotle debating of the convenience and proprietie of discourse before Alexander ; maintained , that none were to bee admitted to speake , but either those that managed his warres , or his Philosophers which governed his house . Which wisdome of discourse hath beene formerly so much affected , as Plutarch reporteth that Plato came forth of Asia into Cilicia , for no other cause but onely to see his deare friend Phocion the Philosopher , and to converse with him . This caused Nica●la ▪ the Queene of Saba , to travell from her owne Country to Iudea , to heare the wisdome of Salomon : yea , peruse those Athenian Nights in Gellius , how and in what excellent manner , with what varietie of discourse , propriety of conference , strength of arguments those Winter-nights were bestowed , and you shall finde there fit companions for Schollers , Souldiers , and all Generous professours . Neither are they consorts only fit to converse with , but to commerce with also ; for these are no bankrupt merchants , or desperate factors , who use to dispence with conscience and credit , rather than in a conscionable sort discharge their credit . So as , how soever the Sonne of Sirach may seeme to conclude , There be two things , which me thinke to be hard and perillous ; A Merchant cannot lightly keepe him from wrong , and a Victualler is not without sinne . So well and equally are the ships of these good merchants ballased , as rather than they will make shipwracke of a good conscience , or runne their reputation upon the shelfe of disgrace , they will suffer the worst of extremes . These are none of those , who make sale of deceitfull commodities , to enrich their seldom thriving progenie with impostures . These are none of those trifling Mountebankes , who draw on customers with faire protests , and shew strange experiments upon their sophisticated oyles , to delude the ignorant . These are none of our inconsiderate Factors , who make exchange of English money with Indian trifles , enriching forraine countries with our treasures , and fooling our own with their feathers . These are none of our Sea-sharkes , who under pretence of merchandize , exercise piracie ; bearing the world in hand that they befriend us , when they practise all hostilitie against us . These are none of our dangerous Spies , who pretending they come to trade or commerce with us , arrive purposely to note what strength is amongst us . No , these are Factors of better temper and more honestie , hating deceit , though that might enrich them ; scorning the Mountebankes trade , though that might draw customers to them ; discarding all inconsiderate Factors , who give money for feathers , though in fooling others , they might gaine by them ; cashiering all Sea-sharkes , who by piraticall practices , use to support them ; excluding all dangerous Spies , who to discover others weaknes , purposely embark them . In briefe , would you have their character ? They can discourse of novelties without affectation , impart their minds freely without dissimulation , valuing no losse so great , as the hazard of their reputation . These are those friends which deserve your choice and acceptance ; These are they , who , as upon good grounds you have made choice of , so should you bee constant in your choice . For you are not to be so light in the choice of your Acquaintance , as in the choice of your fashion ; where every giddie head sorts himselfe to what is newest , not what is neatest ; for so should you be ever choosing , and farre from constancie in choosing . Rather having got a friend and proved him , first in matters of small weight , and afterwards in affaires of greater consequence ; labour by all meanes to retaine him , for you have found a treasure : Forsake not this old friend , for the new is not comparable unto him . You have got a friend , proved and tried him to be no ambitious man , for ambition is fearfull , and for the least crosse of fortune will forsake true friendship . You have got a friend , proved and tried him to be no covetous man , for covetousnesse selleth fellowship , faith and honesty ; to conclude , you have got a friend , who will not by glozing deceive you ; by ayming at his owne private ends , entrap you ; by hunting after popular praise , disvalue you ; or by consorting wich Politicke heads , endanger you . Keepe him then , and be constant in your choice , holding him so firmely knit unto you , as if hee were individually united to your selfe ; for a friend , ( provided that he be such an one as we have charactred him ) is a second-selfe , and therefore as impossible to be divided from you , as you from your selfe . And may this suffice to be spoken touching constancie in the choice of Acquaintance , wherein as we ought to be circumspect in our choice , so ought we to be constant , having had proofe of the faithfulnesse of our choice . THere is nothing which argues more indiscretion , than an aptnesse of discovering our selves ; so as , we are advised in getting a friend , to prove him first , and not to be hasty to credit him . For albeit , the precept may seem generall , The secrets of our friend we may not discover ; which is confirmed by the Sonne of S●rach , Who so discovereth secrets , loseth his credit , and findeth no friend after his will. Yet , how many are there , who either through unfaithfulnesse , as they will not , have brought their friends to extremest hazard ? Yea , not onely our common friends , but even those who sleep in our owne bosome ; as Dalilah plaid with Samson , either simply or subtilly will discover our secret'st counsells to our enemie : so as , we may take up the complaint of Samson , which he made in the discovery of his Riddle : If he had not plowed with our Heifer , he had not found out our Riddle . Had not that woman by the River of Sorek , that subtill Dalilah , betrayed his trust , how invincible had Samson remained , no lesse powerfull to his friends , than fearfull to his enemies ? Whence we may gather , how dangerous it is to discover the secrets of our heart , even to those to whom we have engaged our heart : for wee ought not to give our friend power over us . This is seconded by a divine precept : Give not thy son and wife , thy brother and friend , power over thee while thou livest ; and give not away thy substance to another , les● it repent thee , and thou intreat for the same againe . Whence wee are advised to a two-fold reservancie ; first in concealing our secrets ; secondly , in retaining our substance . For the first , he explaines himselfe more fully in the ensuing verse ; As long as thou livest , and hast breath , give not thy selfe over to any person . For the second , he gives a reason in the end of the former verse ; Give not away thy substance to another , lest it repent thee , and thou intreat for the same againe . Of which two parts , and the Reservancie which we are to observe in either , my purpose is briefly and plainly to intreat ; and first of the first , to wit , Reservancie of secrets , wherein I will be as briefe as the qualitie of the Subject will suffer me . It is said of Geese , that , when at the change of seasons , they passe from Cilicia , over the mountaine Taurus , which abounds with Eagles ; they carry stones in their bills , for feare their crie should discover them to their enemies . Reason should teach us that , which Nature hath instructed them , lest by diverting from the rule of reason , we become inferiour to them , who never had the use of reason . For there is nothing which detracts more from the glory of man , than by too prodigall a discovery of himselfe , to lay himselfe open to the trust of another : so as it may be positively averred , There is nothing that betrayeth a man so much to ruine , as his owne credulitie . Dionysius gave straight commandement , the head of Brias , one of the Gentlemen of his Chamber , should be cut off , for telling Plato , who had demanded of him what the Tyrant did , That he had stripped himselfe by reason of the heat , and was painting in a Table . So tender were Princes of the discovery of their actions , even in affaires of indifferencie . Let us imitate therefore that Grecian of former times , who being told that his breath did smell , answered , It was by reason of the many Secrets , which had a long while laine rotting , and put●ifying within him . Let our bosome ( the recluse of Secrets ) be like the Lions den in the Apologue ; towards the mouth whereof , the prints and prickings of sundry sorts of beasts , might easily be discerned , Sed nulla retrorsum , but from thence none at all . Let us alwayes talke with Harpocrates , at the signe of the finger on the mouth ; and learne of Anacharsis , that the tongue hath need of more strong restraint than Nature . Let us not be too curious , with them of Bethshemesh , in the search of other mens Secrets , nor yet too carelesse with Hezekiah , in the discovery of our own . Morality giveth us a prohibition for the one , and a precept for the other ; Seeke not to know that Secrecie thy friend reserved hath , But keepe what 's tender'd to thy trust , though drunke with wine and wrath . And indeed it is a prophanation of dutie to publish any thing we should not ; and too much insinuation to winde our selves in the privacie of others Secrets , which make knowne we ought not . Those things therefore , which are to be concealed , let us conceale them , Vt curia Martis Athenis , as close as either silence or darknesse will afford us meanes to keepe them , both from eye and eare : for the better effecting whereof , there is necessarily required in every one a wise distrust , and slownesse of beleefe , wherewith the brest must so equally be ballanced , that he may steddily run on , without suffering shipwracke in such a doubtfull and dangerous course . It hath beene ever held a singular argument of policie , to have an open face , but a shut heart ; to give entertainment with a free and affable countenance , but with a wise and discreet reservancie of our counsells , to prevent the occasion of giving our friend power over us . Yea , but it may be objected , it may sometimes fall out , that a friend cannot performe the office of a friend , but by discovering the secret purpose or practice of another : For how could faithfull Ionathan advertise David of Sauls wicked purpose against him , but by discovering what Saul in secret had imparted to him ? How could he ( I say ) have advertised David of his fathers fury , by shooting three arrowes , but by discovering what his father had secretly intended against him ? To which objection it may be thus answered ; That , as amongst evill men there can be no true friendship continued , so neither are the Secrets of such men , tending ever to mischiefe and effusion of innocent bloud , to be concealed , but by all meanes should be discovered , that such tragicall issues might be prevented . Yea , but it may be againe objected , that admit this were so , may wee not impart our griefes to a friend , or communicate our counsells to one , whom we have made triall of to be trustie and faithfull ? To which I answer , that wee may , but with this provision , that we never unrip our bosome so farre , as to give our friend power over us , in matters which may either concerne life , state , or name . For though your experience of the trust of such a friend hath beene long , and those affaires wherein you have imployed him , of serious consequence : we have knowne many Comicall beginnings , have a Tragicall Catastrophe ; many promising mornings turne to duskie afternoones ; many faire glozing friends recoile ( like the Bat in the fable ) and become either Neuters , or profest enemies . So as , it was wisely answered by that learned Sage to one who demanded of him , what hee thought to be the hardest thing in the world ; To keepe Counsell , quoth he . We say , it is good sleeping in a whole skin ; but how can our sleepes be quiet , our rest from terrours freed , when wee have lost our libertie by committing our Secrets to others trust ? Yea , but friendship , being one soule ruling two hearts , or one heart dwelling in two bodies , loseth her prerogative , if excluded from partaking in her friends griefes or comforts : for would you thinke it well , that your friend should finde you sad , and so leave you ; sick , without ministring any comfort to you ; or poore , without releeving you ? Surely , you could not chuse but thinke such an one commeth to jest , rather than to visit or comfort you . Now , how should he comfort you , who is wholly ignorant of the cause of your discomfort ; or how minister any receits to you , when he knowes not what distempers you ; or how releeve you , when he knowes not of any povertie that hath befallen you ? Whereto I answer , that these are not to be numbred among those Secrets which wee hold unfitting to bee imparted or discovered , by one friend to another ; for the discovery of these may profit , but cannot prejudice us . Whereas , the disclosing of such Secrets as concerne our name , may afterwards brand us with infamie ; or such as concerne our state , may bring us to povertie ; or such as concerne our life , may weave our unhappie webbe in a fearfull tragedy . Therefore it is good counsell , not to give our friend power over us , but with a circumspect eye to take heed whom we entertaine as a friend ; and of what nature those Secrets are , which we impart to that friend . When that unhappie Emperour Commodus had communicated his secret'st thoughts to Martia , his best affected Concubine ; and withall , how his purpose was , before many dayes were ended , to dispatch Laetus and Electus , two of his Senators : Shee perceiving how the world went , and that the Emperour was no lesse inconstant in his love , than illimited in his lust , discovered to the Senators what the Prince had intended against them ; which to prevent , with one consent they resolved to dispatch the Emperour , and so rid them of all occasion of feare . Farre more hatefull was that act of Bessus and Nabarzanes , in discovering the counsels of their unfortunate Prince Darius ; which discovery , though it deposed their Prince of Crowne , and deprived him of life , rewarded those disloyall Traytors with a deserved end . Should we but take a view of the doublenesse and deceitfulnesse of friends , whose only aymes are , for most part , to take advantage of our opennesse , wee should find , though there be some Hushaies , or faithfull friends , so there be some false Brethren , who secretly ( under pretence of amitie ) will labour to undermine us . For if we be great , we shall have some to ply our veine , soothing us with the height of our place , the eminence of our state , our easie accesse to a higher step , if we will take hold of occasion ; and with these are young-men , whose unripened judgements never attained to the discovery of persons , chiefly pleased , and to these are their secret'st thoughts ever imparted ; on these are they wholly planted , and in these is their principall trust reposed : yet loe , they trust in broken staves of reed , on which if they leane , they will goe thorow their hand and pierce it . Againe , are we rising to greatnesse , and in the first Spring of promotion ? We shall find these chattering Swallowes ever flying about us , pretending friendship and secrecie in our counsels ; but misery attends us , if we entertaine them . To be briefe , are we rich ? If we have discovered any Secret to them , which may prejudice us being revealed , wee shall be sure to have that Secret vented , if our hollow coun●ellour be not rewarded . Are we poore ? though our state need not feare undoing , our Secrets must be discovered , if the meanest may be gratified by the discovery . Thus no Ranke may be exempted , no degree freed from prejudice , where counsels are disclosed . Indeed sometimes it happeneth , that a friend discovers the secrets of a friend ; because , out of the justnesse of himselfe , and the integritie of his owne conscience , which no respect will suffer him to violate , hee cannot endure the sinister or indirect practice of his friend , and therefore discovers it to give meanes of prevention to the innocent . Which may be instanced in the ●●ount of Melin his confession , who lying upon his death-bed here in England , disclosed the purpose of King Lewis his Master , to the chiefe Peeres and Barons of the Realme ; who considering the inevitable danger into which they were falling , by giving free entrie to the French King , wisely in time ( and but in time ) expulsed him , receiving their unhappie deposed King , to avoid an ensuing mischiefe . Now the occasion of this discovery , though it be divers wayes conjectured , yet the probablest in my opinion is , to refer it to the compassion which Count Melin had of the English Nation , whose state had beene , to the judgement of all men , grievously shaken , had Lewis , as he was already arrived , beene peaceably possessed of the same . Now to conclude this point , I hold that English proverbe worthie our remembrance , in affaires of Secrecie : One may keepe counsell , but two cannot : implying , that it is the safest and surest course to be a mans owne Secretary , so shall ●e not give his friend power over him , but sleepe quietly without feare of discovery , having none but his owne brest to betray him to his enemie . The second thing , which , as we formerly noted , requireth a Reservancie in us towards our Acquaintance , is a respect to our Substance ; which should neither be lashed out lavishly , nor hoorded up niggardly . And herein I have observed a great vanitie in young Gentlemen , who are no sooner mounted in their fathers saddle , or made heires of his providence , than upon purchase of Acquaintance , ( which a young master cannot want ) he begins to squander his revenues upon gifts , to feed his thirstie followers : but see the issue of these bountifull Novices , they change their Acres into peeces , and so peece-meale divide them , till they fall all into peeces , and have not one peece to cover them . So as , it is true which the Poet hath observed ; The Prodigall and foole gives what he scornes and hates , And with his state makes other men to glory in their states . Wherefore the lesson is good , and well deserveth our observation , which is given to us by the Son of Sirach : that not only to our friends , Acquaintance , or the like , but even to our children , whose naturall respect to their Parents , should binde them to be gratefull , we should not be too forward in distributing our Substance , concluding thus : For better it is that thy children should pray unto thee , than that thou shouldest looke up to the hands of thy children . If we be advised to use this Reservancie to our owne , even those whose naturall affection will enforce bountie at the Parents hand , much more to our Acquaintance , whose pretended semblances , or outward protestations many times tend rather by fawning to feed on us , than by true profession of friendship to bestead us . Oh Gentlemen , how many through too easie a hold have exposed themselves , as a prey to the avaritious desires of their followers ; where many times it falleth out , that the servant is able to purchase his master , having enriched himselfe by feeding his humour ! Yet see the unthankfulnesse of many of these ; having made them a garment of their masters shreads , and raised themselves to a great estate by his prodigalitie , they can learne to put on a scornefull countenance towards their landlesse master , entertaine him with contempt , forget his bountie , and ascribe all to their owne thriving providence , which proceeded meerely from his profusenesse . So well can these thriving Timists , who raise their fortunes from their masters ruines , shape themselves to all times , that they may profit by all meanes . There are Acquaintance likewise , whose aimes as they extend only to themselves , so they will use any indirect course , how irregular soever , to bring their purpose about . And of these , we had a late example , even in our owne Countrey , and within the walls of this flourishing Citie : which example , that it might remaine to the memory of succeeding times , for the benefit whereof , as well as of these present , our labours should be addressed , I thought good here to set downe . There was a young Gentleman , whose profuser course having consumed much of his meanes , was enforced , upon some present extremities urging him , to make a morgage of a peece of land , which peece was the very last which he had left him : the money being lent and spent , and now the un-foreseene day of payment approaching , the young Gentleman driven to an exigent , made recourse by chance , to an ancient Acquaintance of his , by trade a Chandler , who was a monied man , and could finde a friend in a corner , who upon a commodious bargaine would at any time bestead him of a good Summe . Hee , the Chandler I meane , noting what benefit the Morgage of the young Gentlemans land might be unto him , if he redeemed his estate , which now lay a bleeding , and tooke the Morgage into his owne hand , concluded with the Gentleman , and releeved his present wants , proposing a certaine day for redemption of the said Morgage : which was kindly accepted of by the Gentleman , little thinking how he fell from the fire into the flame , and by avoiding Charybdis , had fallen into Scylla . The time now drew neere , which was limitted the Gentleman to redeeme the premises : whence a double care or feare ensued ; a feare and provident care in the Gentleman of procuring money to redeeme it ; a feare in the Chandler , lest it should be redeemed , and so the hopes he had of so beneficiall a bargaine frustrated . Which to prevent , ( marke the impiety of the age even in this one example ) the Chandler against the day limitted and prefixed , repaires to a consort of opportunate Agents for his purpose ; Assacinates fleshed in all mischiefe , and ready to embrace any motion , or engage themselves in any action , which might minister fuell to their riot . And these he acquaints ( as it seemes their Acquaintance was ancient ) how he knew of a rich Bootie for them , if they had hearts to attempt , and resolutions to effect , what their present wants enforced them to attempt . They desirous to heare of that booty , promising him reward if their purpose came to effect , pressed him ( as little pressing needed to such a base instrument ) that he would discover , where this bootie might be purchased . He imparted his minde freely , and told them that such a Gentleman ( being the same who had made a Morgage of his land unto him ) was to come provided of a great Summe of money , upon such a day , and by such a place , as gave opportunitie for the attempt , which they might easily obtaine , having none but himselfe and his man to resist them . They , at the first seemed jealous of him , imagining it was some fetch meerely to intrap and circumvent them ; but being more confident upon his protestations , that his purpose was to benefit them , not to betray them ; they generally consented to this plot , provided that they might have his company , not onely to direct them , but share and partake with them : whereto the Chandler condescended , choosing rather to be an assistant in the practice , than prevented of his purpose . To be short , vizards and disguises were provided , and all things fitted , that such an attempt might be furthered : where , by direction of their Leader , they tooke their stand , where the unfortunate Gentleman was to passe ; who , within some few houres after , came according to their expectance , provided of a Summe purposely to redeeme his estate ( the last remainder of his fortunes ) out of the hands of the Chandler . But he is intercepted and bid stand , whose present occasions admit no stay : and in briefe , stripped of all his money , and bound , he and his man , and throwne into a gravell-pit , where wee leave them : and returne to this perfidious Chandler , who expecting to be a sharer as well in the stake , as in the forfeiture of his estate , is by his wittie Copesmates used after another sort than hee looked for ; being bound hand and foot , and throwne into a ditch adjoyning ; where he remained , till a Shepherds boy having occasion to come that way , hearing one pitiously mourning , drew neere to the place where hee heard the voice ; but seeing onelye there bound in an ugly vizard , and disguised after an uncoth manner , as one afraid , he run from him , albeit the Chandler humbly intreated him , to lend his helping hand to loose him . The noise which the Chandler made , desiring aid from the Shepherd , and the Shepherd denying aid to the Chandler , was now come to the care of the afflicted Gentleman , and his man : wherefore they sent out their complaint , as men pitifully distressed ; which the Shepherd hearing , came forth with to the place where they lay bound , and seeing the Gentleman , and his man , lent them his helping hand , and delivered them from their bonds : directing them withall , to the Pit where the Chandler his treacherous Acquaintance lay , whom hee knew by his disguise to be one of those , who had taken his money from him : but having pulled off his vizard , and perceived him to be none but the Chandler , his professed friend ▪ you may imagine what diversitie of perplexed thoughts encountred him ; but suspecting the worst , which after proved the truest , hee caused him to be brought before a Iustice , where he was examined touching the premises , which , to his shame hee confessed , discovering himselfe to be both Actour and Authour of that perfidious complot . For which , being committed , and legally tried , he was adjudged according to his desert , to receive the condigne punishment of death . Whose goods being confiscate , our late Prince of renowned memory , out of his royall compassion to the Gentlemans estate , allotted so much in his princely bounty , as redeemed his engaged lands , repossessing him thereof to his great joy , and an example to succeeding ages , not to repose too much confidence in the profession of Acquaintance . Many examples of like sort ( though this may seeme imparallel ) might be here produced , but I cannot insist upon this point . What hath beene herein discoursed , principally tendeth to this end and purpose , to deterre young Gentlemen from discovering themselves too openly to these glozing and temporizing Acquaintance , whose onely ayme is to benefit themselves by their weaknesse , and make their prodigality the only foundation of their providence . Whence it is , that many times they become enrichers of their retinue , but beggerers of their posterity . And which is of all others most miserable , those , whose Sponges they were , and had squeased them of all their fortunes , will contemptuously demeane themselves towards them , and unthankfully sleight them , who by impoverishing their owne meanes , have enriched them ; whose natures in the person of one especiall ungratefull man , are to life expressed by the Poet ; Ragg'd rockes him bred , brute beasts him fed , No thankefulnesse can enter His seared Brest , or sealed Chest , which is of flintie temper . And let this suffice to be spoken of Reservancie towards Acquaintance , both in respect of our secrecie of counsell ; lest by discovering our selves either upon confidence of anothers trust , or transported with passion , ( the end whereof is the beginning of repentance ) wee give out friend power over us , and so by too credulous trust bewray our owne weaknesse : or in respect of our Substance ; by a prodigall bountie to our friends and followers , without respect had of our meanes , and so make our followers our masters . So as , it is right wholesome counsell , which that wise Sonne of Sirach gave , and which wee formerly alleaged , but cannot be too often renewed ; Give not away thy Substance to another , lest it repent thee , and thou intreat for the same againe : concluding with this excellent precept ; Be not excessive toward any , and without discretion doe nothing . Now excuse me , Gentlemen , if I have insisted longer on these two points , than the qualitie of the Subject we have in hand , might seeme to require : for I am not ignorant how many of your ranke have unfortunately fallen on these two dangerous shelves , either , I meane , by too open a discovery of themselves , or by too prodigall a hand in giving , what they may afterwards stand in need of to releeve themselves . But of these we shall have occasion to speake more amply in our discourse of Moderation ; meane time , let this lesson be ever imprinted in the Tablet of your memory : Impart your Minde , but not your Secrets ; give where you see desert , but with such Reservance , as it may neither repent you to have given , having extended your bountie to such as are thankfull ; nor grieve you to have discovered your selves , having imparted your minde to such as are faithfull . IT is a maxime in Philosophie : Whatsoever is , it is for some end : so as all our counsels , and consultations , businesses and negotiations , have ever an eye or ayme to some speciall end , to which they are properly directed . For as we see in Elementary bodies , every one by naturall motion tendeth to their owne proper center , as light bodies upward , heavie ones downward , being places wherein they are properly said to rest or repose : even so in Arts and Sciences , or the proper Objects to which they are directed , and wherein they are peculiarly said to be conversant , there is ever a certaine end proposed , to which , and in which their aymes are limited or confined . Whence it is , that excellent Morall saith , That every Task , Labour or Imployment must have reference and respect to some end : which the Poet confirmeth , saying ; All things which are , must have a proper end , To which by course of Nature , they doe tend . So as in my opinion , there is nothing which proceeds in a course more contrary to Nature , than Suits of Law , whose Object is end without end ; consuming time and substance in frivolous delayes , and multiplicitie of Orders , which like Hydra's heads , by lopping off or annulling one , gives way to decreeing of another . Now to enter into discourse of the absolute end of Acquaintance , we are as well to reprove the indirect ends , which some make of it , as approve of those good and absolute ends for which it was ordained . Wherefore to come unto the point , we are to understand that Acquaintance is nothing else but a familiar friendship , or friendly familiaritie , which we have one with another . Now there is nothing which doth comparably delight the minde , like a faithfull friendship ; being , as the Stagyrian Philosopher well defineth it ; One soule which ruleth two hearts , and one heart which dwelleth in two bodies . So as , of all possessions friendship is most precious , where we are to make no other estimate of our friends life , than of our owne glory : a friend being nothing else than a second selfe , and therefore as individuate as man from himselfe . How much then is this sweet union or communion of mindes abused , when friendship is only made a stale of , professing love and familiaritie only for our owne ends ? And where shall we come , where this abuse of friendship and sociable Acquaintance is not practised ? In the Court we shall finde smooth and sweet-sented friends , who make friendship a complement , and vow themselves ours in Protests , Congies , and Salutes : but whereto tend they , but to winde us in , and so become engaged for them ? For it stands with reason , thinke they , as wee are familiar with them in complements of courtesie , so they should be familiar with vs in the Mercers booke . Too precious are these mens Acquaintance , and too heavie their engagements ; let us therefore turne from them , and travell towards the Citie . And what shall we finde there , but many dangerous and subtill friends , who like politique Tradesmen , having heard of our estates , and how we are come to yeares to dispose of them , will professe themselves to be our Countrey-men , in which respect wee cannot chuse , but make bold with them and their commodities rather than any stranger ? Yet it is strange to see how strangely and unconscionably they will use us , making ever their commodities vendible with protestations , and binding them upon us with termes of courtesie . We must then needs conclude , that these men tender friendship but onely for their owne ends . We are therefore to seeke further , and descend to the Countrey , where wee are likest to finde them . Yet see , the generall infection of this Age ! We shall finde there , even where simplicitie and plaine dealing used ever to keepe home , great monied men , who to enrich their seldome-prospering Heirs , will offer us any courtesie , and to shew they love us , they will lend us , to support our state , and maintaine our riot : but observe their aymes ; in feeding us , they feed on us ; in succouring us , they soake us ; for having made a prey of us , they leave us . Likewise , wee shall finde there , many Summer-Swallowes , and finde that Sentence in them verified ; Though one Swallow make no Summer , yet one mans Summer makes many Swallowes . Where then shall we finde them ? Surely in all these places which we have traced : for in the Court , we shall finde friends no lesse compleat than complementall ; in the Citie , friends no lesse trustie than substantiall ; and in the Countrey , friends no lesse faithfull than reall . Notwithstanding , we are taught to beware of our friends ; and the reason is this , for that some man 〈◊〉 a friend for his owne occasion , and will not abide in the day of trouble . Having now made choice of such friends and Acquaintance , as may seeme to deserve both our knowledge and acceptance , wee are to respect the ayme or end to which all friendship and Acquaintance may truly and properly be referred . Which ( as we formerly observed ) is not onely matter of gaine or worldly profit , as these Brokers and sellers of amitie esteeme it : for , as much friendship may be found in Cheape amongst the Huxters , or in Smith-field with the Horse-coupers , as these professe . But rather , how we may benefit the inward man by a friendly conversation one with another . For which cause ( as we have else-where noted ) came Plato forth of Asia into Cilicia to see and converse with his deare friend Phocion , Nicaula the rich Saban Queene , to visit Salomon ; Brutus the sincere Roman , to converse with Vtican . These , though Pagans , so highly valued knowledge , as their ayme was to entertaine friendship with knowing-men , purposely to increase , at least preserve their knowledge . For Learning , which is the producer of knowledge , hath ever had such exquisite and admirable effects , as it hath gained due and deserved esteeme , not only in respect of opinion , but title and honourable approbation . So as , Nathan Citraeus writeth , that in Prage , an Vniversity of Bohemia , where Iohn Hus , and Hierom of Prag● professed , that , they that have continued professours for the space of twentie yeers together , are created Earles and Dukes both together . And therefore their style is to be called Illustres , whereas they which are singly and simply but only either Earles or Dukes , are called Spectabiles . Neither maketh it any matter that they have no revenewes , to maintaine Earledomes or Dukedomes : for they have the title notwithstanding , even as Suffragans have of Bishops . This esteeme of Learning was no lesse effectually expressed by one , who encountring with a Scholler , who through necessity was enforced to turne begger , cryed out ; A Scholler and a Begger too ! The Age is blinde doth plainly show . Yet how contemptible Riches ( that worldlings Idoll ) hath ever beene to these , whose conceits were not engaged to pelfe , nor their affections to desire of having , may appeare by the admirable contempt of divers Pagans towards riches , preferring a voluntarie povertie before all worldly possessions . This might be instanced in Anacharsis , who refused the treasure sent him by Croesus ; in Anacreontes , who refused the treasure sent him by Polycrates ; and Albionus , who refused the treasure sent him by Antigonus . The like indifferencie towards riches , appeared in the admirable and inimitable patience of Zeno , who hearing all his substance to be drowned by shipwracke upon the Sea ; Fortune ( quoth he ) bids me to addresse my selfe to Philosophie more speedily . The like in Mimus , who threw his goods into the Sea , saying ; Packe hence yee evills , for yee were hinderances to me in my pursuit after better goods ; it is better for me to drowne you , than be drowned by you . Whence it was that Demetrius was wont to say , That nothing could be more vnhappie than that man , to whom no adversitie ever happened : for that opinion , even amongst the Ethnicks hath been generally held for most authentick , That nothing can be truly said to be good or evill , but a good or evill minde . Now whereas we have sufficiently proved , that no true friendship can be but only amongst good men , ( I meane morally or civilly good ) and that ayme in the profession of friendship or Acquaintance , is either to better them , or be bettered by them : wee are in like sort to make this our ayme or supreme end , that having made choice of such whose eminent parts deserve our respect and acceptance , wee are to imploy our time in conversing and conferring with them , the better to enable us in imployments publike or private . Neither is this only the absolute ayme or end of friendship , for so we should inferre that our acception or intertainment of friends had reference only to our owne private ends , without relation to him with whom wee have entred the lists of Acquaintance . We are therefore to have an eye to these especiall offices of friendship , being such as deserve our observation and imitation , if so be wee deserve the name or title of friends . First is , if wee see our friend doubtfull or unresolved , to advise him ; if afflicted , to comfort him ; if sicke or restrained , to visit him ; if weake in estate or impoverished , to releeve him ; if injured , to labour by all meanes to right him ; and in all things to be helpfull to him , supplying his necessitie by apparent testimonies of our approved amitie . It is reported , that on a time , Duke Godwin bringing up a service to Edward the Confessors Table , he chanced to slip with one of his feet , but to recover himselfe with the other ; whereupon presently he used these words in the Kings hearing ; One brother supports another . O ( quoth the King ) so might I have said too , if Godwin had not beene ! meaning , that he was the cause of his brothers death , whose life was a staffe to his state , but his fall a weakning to his feet . Certainly , every faithfull friend should be as a Brother , or as in a naturall body one member ministers aid and succour to another ; where the head cannot say to the foot , I have no need of thee , nor the foot to the hand , but every one in their distinct and mutuall offices are ready to execute their severall duties : So , I say , should friends and Acquaintance be one to another ; not in preying or feeding one upon another , as if all were fish that came to net , for this were to make no difference or distinction betwixt friend or foe , but for some intendment of private benefit to dissolve the strict bond of friendship . Whereas a friend , being indeed a mans second selfe , or rather an individuate companion to himselfe , ( for there is one soule which ruleth two hearts , and one heart which dwelleth in two bodies ) should be valued above the rate of any outward good , being such a happinesse , as he giveth a relish to the dayes of our pilgrimage , which otherwise would seeme like a wildernesse : for the world , as it is both to be loved and hated ; loved , as it is the worke of the Creator ; hated , as the instrument of temptation unto sinne ; ministers some few houres of delight to the weary pilgrim , by the company and socie●ie of friends , recou●se and concourse of Acquaintance , without which comfort , how tedious and grievous would these few yeeres of our desolate pilgrimage appeare ? How highly then are wee to value the possession of a good friend , who partakes with us in our comforts and discomforts , in the frownes and fawnes of fortune , shewing himselfe the same both in our weale and woe ? It is written of Sylla , that never any did more good to his friends , or more harme to his enemies . Which princely courtesie to his friends could not chuse but increase them , howsoever his extreme courses towards his enemies might seeme rather to inrage than appease them . For as remembrance of benefits argues a noble nature , so forgetting of injuries ( having in the meane time power to revenge ) implies a bravely resolved temper . Whence it was , that Themistocles , when Symmachus told him , hee would teach him the art of memory , answered , hee had rather learne the art of forgetfulnesse ; saying , hee could remember enough , but many things he could not forget , which were necessary to be forgotten . As the over-weening conceit of himselfe , indignities done him by his foes , opposition in the quest of honour , and the like ; all which a great minde could hardly brooke , being so illimited as he can admit of no corrivall in his pursuit of honour . But to descend to the greatest benefit which proceeds from friendship , Commerce and Acquaintance : we shall finde how miserable the state and condition of this flourishing Iland had beene , whose Halcyon dayes have attained that prerogative of peace , which most parts of Christendome are at this day deprived of ; had not the friendly compassion , and devout zeale of sundry learned and faithfull instruments of Christ , delivered her from that palpable blindnesse and Heathenish Idolatrie under which she was long detained captive . * S. Ierome in the end of his Dialogue against the Pelagians writeth thus : Vntill the very comming of Christ , ( sayes he ) the Province of Britaine , which hath beene oftentimes governed by Tyrants , and the Scottish people , and all the Nations round about the Ocean Sea , were utterly ignorant of Moses and the Prophets . So that then , by the testimonie of S. Ierome , all our Religion was superstition , all our Church-service was Idolatrie , all our Priests were Painims , all our gods were Idols . And to appropriate to every Nation their peculiar god , there was then in Scotland the Temple of Mars ; in Cornwall the Temple of Mercurie ; in Bangor in Wales , the Temple of Minerva ; in b Malden in Essex , the Temple of c Victoria ; in Bath , the Temple of Apollo ; in Leycester , the Temple of Ianus ; in Yorke , where Peters is now , the Temple of d Bellona ; in London , where Pauls is now , the Temple of e Diana . Therefore it is very likely , that they esteemed as highly then of the Goddesse Diana in London , as they did in Ephesus ; and that as they cried there , Great is Diana of the Ephesians , so they cried here , being deluded with the same spirit , Great is Diana of the Londoners . Even no more than 53. yeeres before the incarnation of Christ , when Iulius Caesar came out of France into England , so absurd , senselesse and stupid were the people of this Land , that instead of the true and ever-living Lord , they served these Heathenish and abominable Idols , Mars , Mercurie , Minerva , Victoria , Apollo , Ianus , Bellona , Diana , and such like . And not long after , to wit , Anno Christi 180. King Lucius being first Christened himselfe , forthwith established Religion in this whole Kingdome . But thankes , thankes be to God , in the time of the New Testament , three and fifty yeeres after the incarnation of Christ , when Ioseph of Arimathea came out of France into England , many in this Realme of blinde and ignorant Pagans , became very zealous and sincere Christians . For Saint Philip the Apostle , after he had preached the Gospell throughout all France , at length sent Ioseph of Arimathea hither into England : Who , when he had converted very many to the Faith , died in this Land , and he that buried the body of Christ , was buried in f Glastenbury himselfe . Also Simon Zelotes , another Apostle , after he had preached the Gospel thorowout all Mauritania , at length came over into England : who , when he had declared likewise to us the doctrine of Christ crucified , was in the end crucified himselfe , and buried here in g Britaine . About this time h Aristobulus , one of the seventie Disciples , whom Saint Paul mentioneth in his Epistle to the Romans , was a reverend and renowned Bishop in this Land. Also Claudia a noble English Ladie , whom Saint Paul mentioneth in his second Epistle to Timothy , was here amongst us a famous professour of the faith . Since which time , though the civill state hath beene often turned up-side downe by the Romans , by the Saxons , by the Danes , by the Normans , yet the Gospell of Christ hath never utterly failed or beene taken from us . This the holy Fathers of the Church , which have lived in the ages next ensuing , doe declare . Tertullian , who lived Anno 200. writeth thus ; i All the coasts of Spaine , and divers parts of France , and many places of Britaine , which the Romans could never subdue with their sword , Christ hath subdued with his word . Origen , who lived Anno 260. writeth thus ; k Did the I le of Britaine before the comming of Christ , ever acknowledge the faith of one God ? No ; but yet now , all that Countrey singeth joyfully unto the Lord. Constantine the Great , the glory of all the Emperours , borne here in England , and of English bloud , who lived Anno 306. writeth in an Epistle thus ; l Whatsoever custome is of force in all the Churches of Aegypt , Spaine , France , and Britaine , looke that the same be like wise ratified among you . Saint Chrysostome , who lived An. 405. writeth thus ; m In all places wheresoever you goe into any Church , whether it be of the Moores , or of the Persians , or even of the very Iles of Britaine , you may heare Iohn Baptist preaching . Saint Ierome , who lived Anno 420. writeth thus ; n The French-men , the English-men , they of Africa , they of Persia , and all barbarous Nations worship one Christ , and observe one rule of religion . Theodoret , who lived Anno 450. writeth thus ; o The blessed Apostles have induced English-men , the Danes , the Saxons , in one word , all people and countries , to embrace the doctrine of Christ. Gregory the Great , who lived An. 605. writeth thus ; p Who can sufficiently expresse , how glad all the faithfull are , for that the English-men have forsaken the darknesse of their errours , and have againe received the light of the Gospell ? Beda , who lived Anno 730. writeth thus ; q England at this present is inhabited by English-men , Britaines , Scots , Picts , and Romans , all which though they speake severall tongues , yet they professe but one faith . Thus you see , how the Gospell of Christ , having beene first planted in this Land , by Ioseph of Arimathea , and Simon Zelotes ( in whose time Aristobulus and Claudia , and not long after King Lucius also lived ) hath ever since continued amongst us ; as testifieth Tertullian , Origen , Constantine the Great , Athanasius , Chrysostome , Ierome , Theodoret , Gregory , Beda , and many more , which might here have beene alleaged . Now , how singular and exquisite a benefit have our Progenitours received , by meanes of these faithfu●l professours of the Gospell , and first planters of the Christian faith here in this Iland ? What a miserable famine of the Word had the people of this Land sustained , if these faithfull friends and sincere Witnesses of the truth , had not loosed from the shore , and embarked themselves in danger , to deliver them from the danger of soules shipwracke ? In which danger , we likewise had beene sharers , had not this so rich a fraught , so inestimable a prize rescued us from danger , and directed our feet in the way of peace . The story of Theseus includes an excellent Morall ; whose love to his deare friend Perithous , the Poet labouring to expresse , shewes how he went downe to hell , of purpose to deliver his friend from the thraldom of Pluto , under whom he remained captive . Which without offence or derogation , may properly seeme to allude , ( next to that inimitable mirrour of divine amitie ) to these noble and heavenly Warriours , who descended ( as it were ) even to the jawes of hell , encountring with the insolent affronts of many barbarous Assassinates , readie to practise all hostilitie upon them . Yet see their undanted spirits ! their godly care inflamed with the zeale of devotion , and their love to the members of Christ , kindled with the coale of brotherly compassion , made them as readie to endure , as those hellish fiends and furies , the enemies of the truth , were ready to inflict ; choosing rather to perish in the bodie , than to suffer the poorest soule , bought with so high a price , to be deprived of the hope of glory . These were good and kinde friends , being such as would not sticke to lay downe their lives for their friends ; suffering all things with patience and puissance of minde , to free their distressed brethren from the servile yoke of hellish slavery , and bring them by meanes of Gods Spirit , by which they were directed , to the knowledge of the all-seeing veritie . Such as these professe not friendship under pretences or glozing semblances , making their heart a stranger to their tongue , or walking invisible , as if they had found the stone in the Lapwings nest ; but as they are , so they appeare , affecting nothing but what is sincerely good , and by the best approved . Their absolute ayme or end of friendship is to improve , reprove , correct , reforme , and conforme the whole Image of that man with whom they converse , to his similitude whom all men represent . If at any time they enter into discourse , it ever tends to fruitfull instruction ; if at any time they enter into serious meditation of the world , their meditation is not how to purchase estate , or fish after honour , or build a foundation on oppression , to enrich their posteritie with the fruits of their injurious dealing . No , they have the testimony of a good conscience within them , which testifies for them , should the world and all her Complices bandie against them . Wherefore , admit they should be put to all extremities , and suffer all the indignities which envie or malice could dart upon them , the weight of every injury is to be measured by the sense or feeling of the sufferer ; for the apprehension of the Sufferer makes the injury offered , great or little ; if he conceit it small or no injury , howsoever others esteeme it , the burden of the wrong is light , and therefore more easily sleights it . Now Gentlemen , we have traced over the whole progresse of Acquaintance , wherein if haply it be thought , that we have sojourned too long , my answer is ; that in passages of greatest danger , there is required more circumspection , than rashly to goe on without due deliberation . And what occurrent in all the passage or pilgrimage of man , is beset with more danger than the choice of Acquaintance ; especially to you Gentlemen , whose meanes is the Adamant of Acquaintance ? Wee have therefore insisted the longer upon this Subject , that you may be the lesse subject to such , who will winde them in with you , of purpose to feed and prey on you . To cure which maladie , no receit more soveraigne , than to imprint in your memory that golden rule or princely precept , recommended by that pious and puissant Saint Lewis to his sonne Philip , in these words : Have especiall care that those men , whose Acquaintance and familiaritie you shall use , be honest and sincere , whether they be Religious or Secular ; with whom you may converse friendly , and communicate your counsells freely ; but by all means avoid the company of naughtie and wicked men : whose societie ever tends to inordinate respects . Take these Cautions therefore as the last , but not least worthy your observation . Be not too rash in the choice of your Acquaintance , for that shewes weaknesse ; Nor inconstant to those you have chosen , for that argues lightnesse ; Nor too forward in the discovery of your counsells , for so you might be taxed of too much opennesse ; ever ayming at that absolute end of Acquaintance , to profit more and more in the practice of goodnesse . So shall God bee your Guide , good men your friends , and your Country where you had education , receive much glory from your life and conversation . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Moderation defined ; No vertue can subsist without it ; Wherein it is to be used ; Wherein to be limited ; Of the accomplished end which attends it . MODERATION . IN the whole progresse of mans life , which is nothing else , but a medley of desires and fears ; we shall finde , that there is no one vertue which doth better adorne or beautifie man , than Temperance or Moderation ; which indeed is given as an especiall attribute to man , purposely to distinguish him from brute beasts , whose onely delight is injoying the benefit of Sense , without any further ayme . THis Moderation therefore , being a note of distinction betwixt man and beast , let us draw neere to the knowledge of this so exquisite a vertue ; which , that we may the better attain , let us first see how she is defined : because every instruction grounded upon reason touching any subject , ought to proceed from a definition , that wee may the better understand what that is , whereof we dispute . Moderation is a subduer of our desires to the obedience of Reason , and a temperate conformer of all our affections , freeing them from the too much subjection either of desires or feares . First , it causeth our Desires to be subject to the obedience of reason , pulling us alwayes by the sleeve , and remembring us how we are men and partakers of reason , and therefore ought not to subject our Desires to the captivitie of Sense , as brute beasts which have no reason . Secondly , it is a conformer of all our affections , freeing them from all unworthy subjection , either in respect of our Desires or Feares : of our Desires , as having learned in all things to be contented , whether that portion wherewith God hath blessed us , be little or great : of our Feares , as suffering no worldly thing to be so neerely endeered to us , as to feare the losing of it , which we so dearely tender . For the first , it is an excellent saying of a sage Morall , There is no difference betweene having , and not desiring ; for he that desires nothing , enjoyes more than hee that possesseth the whole world ; for his desires are satisfied , which the worldling can never bee , so long as his thoughts and desires are to the objects of earth engaged : so as , the difference betwixt the poore wanting , and rich not using , is by these two expressed , the one carendo , the other , non fruendo : whereas , if the poore having little , desire no more than that little which they have , they become rich in desire , and enjoy by desiring little , more above estimate than the dunghill wretch ( whose eyes cannot enjoy themselves for coveting ) will ever be master off . For as men sicke of an Atrophy , eat much , but thrive not ; so these , though they devoure widowes houses , feed upon the fat of the Land , lay land unto land , and hoord up treasure to enrich a progenie of rioters , yet these seldome thrive with the fat of their oppressions , but make oft-times as fearfull ends , as their beginnings were calme and prosperous . It is a singular blessing , which the Poet attributes to one , who was not only rich , but could enjoy that he had freely ; God gave thee wealth , and power to use it too , Which these Earth-wormes of ours can never doe . Neither only in matters of Desire , are we to entertaine the choice companie of Moderation , but in our Feares , where we many times feare to forgoe , what we already with much content enjoy . So as , the former direct their ayme to what they have not ; but the latter stand surprized with feare , left they should leese what they alreadie have : the former argues an avaritious minde , who can never confine his Desires to what it hath ; the latter a worldly besotted affection , that can never finde heart to forgoe what it already enjoyes . A Philosopher perceiving Dionysius to sit merrily in the Theater , after hee was expulsed his Realme , condemned the people who banished him : Certainly , this Prince shewed an admirable Moderation , both in respect of his Desires and Feares ; first , in his Desires , extending not his thoughts above that low verge whereto his Tyranny had forced him ; nor fearing any succeeding losse , being above the reach of greater misery . This Moderation appeared in Furius Camillus , whom neither Honour could too much transport , nor disgrace cast downe ; bearing the former with no lesse temperance , than he did the latter with patience ; & esteeming it his only conquest , to conquer passion in the height of affliction . It is likewise a great argument of Moderation , when in extremity , we stand prepared to encounter with the worst of danger , passing al inducements to feare , with a minde no lesse resolute than cheerefull , saluting affliction with a smile , and entertaining surmises of danger with a jest . This did Cr●ssu● , who being willed by the Arabian guides to make haste before the Moone was past Scorpio ; But I ( said he ) feare more Sagittarie , meaning the Archers of Persia. There is nothing which expresseth more true worth in any man , than his constancie and courage in the encounters of this life ; imitating , in this respect , Vespasian , who upon the instant of his Dissolution , when death had summoned him to make present surrender , by paying his debt to Nature , of that short Lease of life , which with many an unquiet houre hee had traced , standing up upon his feet , used these words ; It became an Emperour to take his leave of earth standing : implying , that the extremities which either Nature or Fortune could inflict upon him , could not so much deject him , or by their assaults enforce him to doe ought unworthy himselfe . Whence we are taught ( and well may this lesson deserve our observation ) to entertaine this life with patience , expecting death with a desired assurances for there is no better meanes to moderate the passions of Desire and Feare , than to enter into meditation of the world ; and withall to consider , how there is nothing of that esteeme in the world , that may seeme worthy our Desire , coveting to have it , or worthy our Feare , inwardly doubting to lose it . This serious consideration will be of force to move the greatest worldling to a Moderation of his desires , subjecting them to the obedience of reason . Whereas , if he should give reines to his owne Avarice , Ericthous bowels could not containe more in proportion , than his in an illimited desire and affection : for the World , being like a City without a wall , a house without a doore , a ship without helme , a pot without a cover , and a horse without a bridle ; hath brought out people equally consorting with her in nature and temper ; of unbridled and uncorrigible dispositions , naturally affected to all sensuall libertie , preferring one minutes pleasure or profit , before an eternitie of succeeding pleasures and profits , reserved for those onely whose lives are imployed in promoting their Makers glory , being wholly addressed to please him ; and whose deaths , like the choicest odours , send out a sweet smell , the perfume of a good and vertuous life , sending out a voice , even in their last period to praise him . What admirable moderation divers ancient Princes have shewne , especially in their contempt to the glory and pompe of this life , Histories can afford sufficient examples ; but to omit forraigne instances , my purpose is to insert here one of our owne , which , by how much more neere us , by so much deeper impression should it inforce in us . Canutus , that was absolute King almost of five Kingdomes , somewhat before the Conquest , upon a time in his Progresse riding neere the Thames , light and sate downe before the shore : then , as it were to trie a conclusion , he commanded the water being now-ready to arise againe and to ●low , not to come any neerer him . But the water keeping his naturall course , came up still higher and higher , till it began to wet him . Whereupon to his Nobles , which were about him , Yee call mee ( sayes he ) your King and Master , and so indeed I am ; and yet loe yee , I cannot command so much as this little streame ; but doe what I can , that will doe still as it lift . Whereupon presently hee posted to Westminster , and resigned his Crowne to the Crucifix there ; neither could he ever after this be perswaded to weare it any more . The like indifferencie to all princely honours , shewed those memorable Saxons , Kingulfus , Iva , Ceodulphus , Eadbertus , Ethelredus , Keredus , Offa , S●bbi , Sigeberius . Charles the fifth Emperour of Germanie , gave up his Empire into the hands of the Princes Electors , and withdrew himselfe in the yeere 1557. into a Monasterie . The like of late yeeres did his sonne King Philip of Spaine . Neither need wee to exemplifie this subject , touching contempt of the world , only in such as the glorious light of the Gospell had shone upon , but such whose times of darknesse had never attained to so blessed a Sun-shine : As may be instanced in Dioclesian , who voluntarily relinquished the flourishingest Empire in the world . Yea , to adde one example more , even amongst those , whose best Religion is Policie , and whose onely aimes are to inlarge their owne Soveraigntie . Amurah the second , Emperour of the Turks , after he had gotten infinite victories , became a Monke of the straightest Order amongst them , in the yeere of our Lord 1449. All which may seeme to confirme what Seleuchus being King was wont to say , That if a man knew with what cares a Diadem was clogged , he would not take it up , though it lay in the street . So as , when the Romans had despoiled Antiochus of all Asia , he gave them great thanks , saying , they had rid him of many insupportable cares . Now , as wee have defined this vertue to be a subduer of our desires to the obedience of reason , and a temperate conformer of all our affections ; so are wee to direct our eye to the conclusion , to wit , a freer of the affections from the too much subjection either of desires or feares . So as , wee are here to observe , that he is the man whom our definition only aimes at , whose well-tempered brest is neither transported with a desire of enjoying what it hath not , nor surprized with a feare of losing what it now enjoyes . Having so much as may content him , the losse whereof should he sustaine , could nere deject him . Such an one the Tragick Poet entitleth a Prince , as one too worthy to be numbred among the inferiour ranke : Who feares , desires , and stifling cares suppresse , Are Kings at least , they can be nothing lesse . For these are they who have absolute soveraigntie over their passions , and in prosperitie scorne as much to be proud , as in adversitie to shew themselves base . Yea , they will rather entertaine the extremest encounters that Miserie can lay upon them , than lose the least of that libertie of minde , with which their noble temper hath endued them . In briefe , those only who dis-value sublunary things , esteeming them as they are , onely to minister to our necessitie , and not to reare them , as blinde worldlings use , in the tabernacle of their heart to commit idolatrie , keepe consort with this Definition ; for the golden meane , as it is only approved by them , so in a princely moderation of their affections , they are ever readiest to enter lists with their owne passions , that if any either exceed or come short of this meane , they may so square and hammer it till it be reduced to a proposed meane . And let this suffice , for the Definition : wee will now descend to the second branch , wherein wee intend to shew , that no vertue can subsist without Moderation , being indeed the temper which allayeth and aptly disposeth all our actions , making them equally seasoned , which otherwise would become violent and immoderate . AS Moderation is a subduer of every inordinate or indisposed affection , so is it a seasoner or temperer of all our actions , making them seeme worthy the title of vertuous , which without this temper would appeare vicious . For without this Moderation , he that is liberall should incurre the name of prodigall , the frugall the name of miserable , the resolute be termed dissolute , the morall civill man a coward , the wise Stoicall , the regular meerely formall , the just rigorous , the mercifull remisse . So defective is the structure of all vertues , wanting the sweet temper of Moderation to season them . Neither proceedeth this from the malevolent or uncharitable censures of men , as former times have beene too apt to traduce or mis-interpret their best deservings , by aspersing some unworthy blemish upon their demerits . As in Rome , if the Pisoes be frugall , they are censured parcimonious ; if the Metelli religious , they are taxed superstitious ; if the Appii popular , they are termed ambitious ; if the Manlii austere , they are stiled tyrannous ; if the Lelii wise , they are curious ; the Publicolae aspiring , if courteous : But meerely upon the want or deficiencie of such actions , which are not tempered with Moderation . For to give instance in each kinde ; how nobly and invincibly did Alexander the great beare himselfe in all exploits ? how much feared abroad , and how much loved at home ? how af●able to his friends , and how terrible to his foes ? Yet how much were all his actions of valour and matchlesse resolution darkned through want of Moderation , being so excessively given to passion in his drinke , as his nearest and dearest friends could not be secure from his fury ? For howsoever those acts and exploits of his against Darius , yea against all opponents , expressed the noblenesse of his person , with the continued attendance of succeeding fortune ; yet the death of Cly●us and depopulation of Persepolis , detracted as much from his glorie , as ever his Conquests gained him glory . Likewise , how just and sincere was Agesilaus held in all matters of justice ? how free from this Ages staine , corruption ? how farre from personall respect , or to be over-awed by the offenders greatnesse ? so as , like the worlds Generall ( of whom wee even now made mention , and ) of whom Plutarch reports , that hee used to shut the one eare with his hand , when he heard any accuser in criminall causes , thereby ( as he said ) reserving aud●ence for the defendant ; semblably did this renowmed Patron and Patterne of unblemished Iustice : yet how greatly did he eclipse those more glorious lights which shone in him , for want of moderating his affection towards his children ? So as his riding upon a cockhorse did no lesse argue his weaknesse , than his sinceritie in matters of Iustice witnessed his uprightnesse . Lastly , how profoundly wise was the Lacedemonian Chilo held to be , being numbred among the seven Sages of Greece , and elected Ephorus , a place of especiall honour and esteeme ? how exquisite his sentences ? how quick and pregnant his answers ? how solid his reasons ? how absolute in all his proceedings ? Yet behold , for want of moderation of his passions , how childishly hee gave way to excesse of joy , whereby he was inforced to pay his debt to nature . Whence we may easily collect , that no vertue , how Cardinall soever , can subsist without the assistance of moderation , being that Lesbian rule which directs the Modell , and makes it truly accomplishd . All vertues ( saith one ) doe make a Common-wealth happy and peaceable : but Temperance alone is the sustainer of civill quietnesse ; for it taketh care that the Realme be not corrupted with riot and wanton delights , whereby divers States have beene cast away . Or to descend more particularly to those divine effects which this vertue produceth , it hindreth dishonest actions , restraineth pleasures within certaine bounds , and which maketh men to differ from bruit beasts . Moreover , this is that herbe , which Mercury gave to Vlysses , lest he should taste of the Inchanters cup , and so with his fellowes be transformed into a Hog , wallowing in the mire of all sensuall delights . So as , whosoever is endued with this vertue , stands fortified against all assailants ; those eye-sores ( for so Plutarch calls them ) I meane those attractive objects of lust cannot surprize him : nor those worldly tumours ( for so Eucherius stiles them ) I meane worldly honours , intrap him . Nor those roabes or rags of shame , the gorgeous attire of sinne , ( which Hierome calls Antichrists veile ) delude him . Nor those Theeves of time , ( for so the Orator is pleased to call them ) I meane friends and acquaintance , over-joy him . In briefe , as the Vnicornes horne being dipt in water , cleeres and purifies it ; so there is no poison either arising from the tempting object of beautie , from the ambitious aspiring to honour , from the attire of sinne or cover of shame , or from those sweet time-beguilers our acquaintance , which is not frustrated by this choice and soveraigne receit of Temperance . So as this is that vertue , which ( though in generall it deserve to be affected of all ) great men ought specially to embrace , that by their example the common sort might become temperate : for this is the reason why so many now adayes live riotously like beasts , namely , because they see Noblemen and Magistrates that governe the Common-wealth , to leade their lives wantonly , as Sardanapalus did . Whence it was , that the Poet so seriously concluded ; Great is the crime , it cannot chuse , If he be great that doth it use . For as wee see in colours , there is none which discovers any soile or blemish so much as white ; or as wee have observed in the eclipse of the Sunne , that it drawes more eyes to view it , than the darkning of any inferiour light ; so amongst the children of men , though sinne be sinne in every one , yet more noted , and in that more exemplar , in these high peering Cedars , I meane our Peeres and Nobles , than in these lower shrubs , whose humble condition frees them from like publike observance . How necessary is it then for you , Gentlemen , whose birth hath ennobled you , whose breeding hath enabled you , and whose more generous spirits have emboldned you , to undertake assayes for the glory and benefit of your Countrey , the better to expresse your love & allegeance to your Prince : to become affecters and practicers of so singular a vertue , that your lives might be patternes of Moderation unto others , seeing more eyes are fixt upon you than on inferiours ? You are the Molds wherein meaner men are casten ; labour then by your example to stampe impressions of vertue in others , but principally Temperance , seeing no vertue can subsist without it . It is dangerous ( saith Austine ) when prodigalitie and riot sway a Scepter ; neither only is it dangerous for the person , whose illimited affections , of a Prince make him a vassall ; but for the whole body of the State , training it to all impietie by his evill example . The Laconians , by meanes of wise and temperate Princes , became admired for their Moderation and continence : insomuch as their spare diet , their home-spun raiment , and their generall hate to all excesse , made them no lesse honoured at home , than feared abroad . Whereas contrariwise , the S●donians by following the riotous examples of some of their licentious Princes , fell into all excessive gluttony . So powerfull and perswasive were the lives of Princes , to inforce impressions of goodnesse or badnesse in the imitation of their Subjects . But to take a review of those maine assailants of Temperance , lust , ambition , gorgeousnesse in apparell , luscious fare , company-keeping , and the like , wee shall finde , that where this Temperance is , albeit these objects even in their height should encounter him , the bait will be long laid ere it can take him . For to run over all these , and illustrate them with proper instances , wee shall plainly shew , that where a divine power is ready to assist , and man no lesse ready , upon temptations approaching , to resist , all these motives can take no place . What admirable Continencie shewed Alexander in the conquest of his affections , sparing Darius wife and his three daughters ? how greatly did this worlds Monarch enlarge his glory by this onely conquest ? Yet to reflect upon those objects of beauty , wee shall finde , if records be true which write of them , that for beauty they were incomparably gracious , and for state the choicest Dames of Persia. The like wee reade of Scipio , who being a young man of foure and twenty yeeres of age , of strong constitution , and promising personage , in the taking of a City in Spaine , repressed his flames of lust , albeit a beautifull maid was brought him ; restoring her to a young man called Allutius , to whom she was espoused , with a great reward . But incredible is the report of Zenocrates Continencie , who lying all night with Lais , though she used all the provocations and enticements she could devise , yet he remained immoveable to her voluptuous inducements . And to close this illustration with an heroicke instance ; Cleopatra in the last tragicke Scene of her disasters , kneeling at the feet of Caesar , laid baits for his eyes ; but in vaine ; her beauties were beneath that Princes chastitie . Neither are Histories ( those precious treasuries of time ) lesse plentifull in instances of Moderation touching motives of Ambition . When all the worthy Romans ( I meane such whose demerits had gained them an eminent esteeme with their Country ) had a desire to preserve their memories by erection of their Statues , Cato would not ; and being demanded the cause , answered ; If I might chuse . I would rather have it asked why Cato hath no Statues erected for him , than why they are erected for him . Implying , that Vertue , which is the most continued shrine , and as that sage Morall saith ▪ maketh man a God , had more power to eternize him , than all materiall Monuments , which , as they are subject to corruption , so shall their names be ; which are engraven on them . From their contempt shewne to these sumptuous covers of corruption , Iunius and Blaesus , by the testimonie of Tacitus , received no lesse glorie ; whose Statues , because they were not engraven in stone , appeared more conspicuous to the eye of the State. No lesse Moderation of his desires shewed Agesilaus , that princely patterne of Iustice , who , when the Aegyptians came forth of purpose to adore him , for those numerous and glorious victories which he had atchieved , couched himselfe close upon the grasse , without least shew or semblance of Majesty , expressing the humility of his thoughts , by the lownesse of his seat . But of all others , there is no one example , to instance a true Moderatour of Ambition , like that noble and victorious Champion , Godfrey du Boloigne , whose valour so bravely employed in expulsing the Turkes and freeing Ierusalem , that Citie of the great King , from miserable slavery , had gained him so deserved a name , as it was thought fit his honourable service should be rewarded with a golden Diadem ; but how answered this glorious Champion ? Farre be it from me ( quoth he ) to suffer the servants head to be with a Crowne of gold paled , where the Masters head was with a Crowne of thornes pierced . To produce likewise instances in such whose Moderation in attire , manifested their contempt to these covers of shame , we shall finde Licurgus , Phocion , Pelopidas , with many others , such profest foes to gorgeous apparell , as they alwayes retained their ancient country weare with such plainenesse , as they expressed what they were , by the garments they wore . For a mans garment ( saith the Son of Sirach ) and his excessive laughter , and his going , declare what person he is . Insomuch as Augustus Caesar bore alwayes hatred to gorgeous and sumptuous apparell , terming it the blazer and bruiter of our pride , the nests to hatch the lascivious brood of Lechery . In like manner , to descend to all those assailants of Temperance , we shall finde many excellent subduers of their owne affections , using an admirable kinde of restraint or Moderation in their fare . The number of guests amongst the Romans in any solemne feast privately observed , was not great ; seldome times exceeding nine : whence Aulus Gellius saith , that the number of guests should beginne with the Graces , and end with the Muses ; that is , they must not be fewer than three , nor more than nine . Which use was occasion of that adage , Septem convivium , novem convitium faciunt ; Seven make a banquet , nine a riot . Albeit that luxurious Emperour Heliogabalus seemeth to have been delighted with the number of eight , whence he invited to supper , to make his feast more singular , eight bald ones , eight blinde ones , eight gouty ones , eight deafe ones , eight hoarse ones , eight very blacke ones , eight very long ones , eight very fat ones , and eight hooke-nosed ones , being delighted with that Greeke proverbe , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : whose Ape , it seemes , that late conceited Academicke was , who invited the blinde , lame , and deformed to a supper , for whom he had provided fowles , as different to their pallat by nature , as they were to others in feature ; furnishing his feast with Owles , Cuckowes , Staniels , and Popinjayes , to make himselfe infamously famous for his invention . But to proceed with these Ethnicke instances of Moderation ; Democritus preserved his life without any other sustenance , save only the smell of hot bread , for the space of nine dayes : which abstinence or restraint was not injoyned him , for neither his owne estate , nor any superiour commanding power , had enforced him to that misery ; but purposely to prepare himselfe for celebrating with more solemnitie the feasts which were kept in honour of Ceres , called commonly ( as I take it ) Buthysia ; resembling in greatnesse of celebrity , and magnificence of state , that huge sacrifice called Hecatombe . Pythagoras likewise was of that wonderful Moderation in his fare , and that through no infirmity of Nature , in that he could not , but through an incessant desire to his studies ; with a vehement affection to the preservation or propagation rather of all living creatures ; as he would desire two things of God , if the possibility thereof could stand with the conservation of humane societie ; that he might not Speake , that he might not Eat : by the one to prevent offence in discourse , by the other avoid surfet by excesse . So as , hee commanded his schollers even in unreasonable things , as Birds , Beasts , Fishes , &c. to abstaine from crueltie ; entreating both Fowlers and Fishers to let goe the fowle and fish they had caught , or at least redeeme them with money , and let them goe . But too immoderate was this care , and too foolish this pitie ; for creatures were ordained for the use and service of man ; he then that neglecteth the use , neglecteth likewise the ordinance . But in Subjects of Moderation , none more absolute , than where Nature is urged by necessitie to crave releefe , and occasion is ministred , yet the desire restrained : as in extremitie of thirst , when Nature requiteth drinke , which according to the Philosophers axiom , is the very last refuge of Nature , either through compassion or manly Moderation her desire is restrained . This did Alexander , who out of a princely Moderation or noble compassion , when he was almost consumed with drought , having a head-peece full of water presented unto him , would not drink himselfe , but offered it to his souldiers . Much to be admired was this act of Moderation , and a motive of generall affection ; that a Prince urged by the extremest effects of Thirst , and having occasion and meanes to satisfie the request of Nature , yet moved with compassion towards his fellow-souldiers ( for so used he to terme them ) hee chused rather to want himselfe , than to be a wanting in any compassionate office to their necessitie . Certainly this act deserveth so much the more to be commended , by how much the extremitie was greater which he suffered . Darius , when in his flight he dranke muddy and stinking water , said , That he never dranke a sweeter draught . Which implyes , what torment he indures who feeles the extremitie of thirst . The last assailant of Temperance ( as we formerly observed ) was Company-keeping ; which indeed is such a stealer of time , or béguiler of tedious houres , as it makes passing of time a meere pastime . Yet observe , what diligent care hath beene had , by making choice of such ( as I have else-where noted ) whose society might better them . Peruse those Athenian nights in Gellius , and you shall finde how fruitfully those nights were employed , how delightfully passed : making discourse of Philosophie , that well-consorting Melodie , which gave generall content to all the Company . Besides , it is worth our observation , to take a view of the speciall care divers Ancients have had of the Company they consorted with : having such in as great distaste that were evill , as they bore all due reverence to such as were good . We reade how the Prienean Bias , having occasion to saile on a time with some ill-disposed men , by reason of a violent tempest , the ship wherein they sailed was so shaken , as these wicked men , moved rather by feare than devotion , begun to call upon their gods ; which Bias hearing , Hold your peace ( quoth he ) lest the gods you call upon understand that you be here ; covertly taxing their impiety , and shewing that their prayers would be little acceptable to the gods . But an example much more divine , and so much more deserving our imitation , may be here commended to us in the person of the blessed Evangelist S. Iohn , who would not come within the Bath where the Hereticke Corinthus was , so much did he hate the fellowship of him , who , to use Augustines words , Was no fan for the Lords floore . Thus have we runne over those mainest and mightiest assailants of Temperance ; now let us , as wee have illustrated each of them with proper instances of Moderation , annex some reasons why these assailants of Temperance ought to be restrained : and first for the first . Lust , the sensuall mans sin , is said to be a friend , which brings man in acquaintance with the Devill , as Ebrietie is an enemie to the knowledge of God. Besides , it is a vice detestable both to the brute beast and Barbarian ; it withdrawes the minde of the creature from meditation of his Creator ; makes man commit sinne even with greedinesse ; makes the Image of God companion for a Harlot ; makes him who should be the Temple of the Holy Ghost , a Cage of uncleane birds ; prostitutes the glory of the soule to the pleasure of sinne ; and prefers a sensuall delight before the obedience of reason . Hee sells his Birth-right for lesse than a messe of pottage , exposing his soule to the trafficke of shame . Hee va●ues a minutes joy above all future delight ; yea , rather than lose his present content , he will suffer an eternitie of torment . This bleere-eyed Lover is so blinded with affection towards his beloved , that he will rather lose his owne soule , than lose that which he affecteth . Thus you see the Lustfull man uncased , his blindnesse discovered , his sundry weaknesses displayed , and the heavie effects which from hence are derived : good reason then have you to restraine an affection so over-spreading , a motion so mortally wounded , a contagion so generally killing . Take into your consideration the shortnesse of the pleasure , being but a moment ; the vengeance or punishment due to that pleasure , being eternall . What wise man , having neerely served his apprentiship , will for a minutes pleasure forfeit his Indenture , and lose his freedome for ever ? We should hold him destitute of common sense , who having a Princesse offered him , will foolishly lose her for embraces of an Harlot . If you will keep your selves unspotted till the day of his comming , you shall be espoused to a princely Bridegroome , and receive Palmes in your hands at his comming . Goe not in by the wayes of the strange woman , but keepe your beds undefiled , knowing the state which you have undertaken to be honourable before God and man. For I in no case will limit you to a monasticke or regular restraint , but approve of both estates , I meane both the single and married life , being undertaken in the feare of God , worthy the acceptance of every faithfull Christian . For the Virgins estate , as it drawes neerer to angelicall perfection , so the Married to the preservation of humane society or propagation . So as Saint Augustinemight seeme rather to be traduced , than truely alleged for this place , Virgins doe more than lawfull , as Adulterers lesse : for my conceit shall ever be freed , from imagining so divine a Father to approve of such an errour : for both estates are commended ; the one good , the other better ; both which titles , as they are by the Apostle on these two estates conferred , so are they by us to be reverently esteemed . Briefly , restraine all immoderate desires of the flesh , which fight against the spirit , so shall you finde that inward tranquillitie which obedience to your lusts shall never bring you . Ambition , the second assailant of Temperance , is such an high-mounting bird , as shee useth to build her nest ever in the tallest Cedars , hatching her aëries in the highest spires , to expresse her unbounded aymes . This passion or distraction rather , of all others , brings man soonest to a forgetfulnesse of himselfe : ever aspiring , but never obtaining ; ever sailing in a tempestuous sea , attended by many hostile and piraticall adherents , whose aymes are to intercept all peaceable passengers , filling the whole State full of mutinies and combustions . Pindarus describes him to be such an one , who strives to touch the Clouds , and cope with Iove himselfe , but his aymes draw him on to speedie ruine . What reason then is there , to foster or cocker such a profest foe to publike and private peace ? Who is he , having understanding , will receive into his barge , where he is , a quarrellous turbulent fellow , who in desperate fury will not sticke to over-whelme the vessell , both of himselfe , and the rest that consort him ? Who is he , that will engage him in perill , when he may in safety enjoy himselfe , and be free from danger ? Who is he , that will desire to climbe , when hee knowes there is no meanes to save him from falling , being got up ? Surely the Ambitious man is ever environed with perill , yet such is his folly , he will rather chuse to incurre danger , than lose the present opportunitie of acquiring honour . Besides , they whom this unbounded passion hath once surprized , are so much distempered , as of sleepe they are quite deprived ; which disquiet proceeds either from emulation towards others , or an ambitious desire of advancement in themselves . For the first , Themistocles was wont to say , that Miltiades victory in Marathon , bereaved him of his sleepe . For the latter , Sylla could never take rest , till by the terrour of his legions , hee had obtained the law Valeria to be made , whereby hee was created Dictator for eightie yeares ; as Caesar the law Servia , by which he was made perpetuall Dictator . Albeit , having obtained what they desired , and arrived at the port whereto their course was directed , they found an Empire to be a monstrous and untamed beast , wounding them with many thornie cares , which deprived them of all seasonable rest . Doe you then love to be at peace , to enjoy perfect liberty , to be divided from all occasions of disquiet ? Restraine those Icarian thoughts , whose soaring wings are ever laved in the depth of ruine . Confine your thoughts within an equall limit ; and let not your projectments be above hope of effecting . Those braving builders of Babel , aymed at too high a story to bring their worke to perfection . Let the foundation be built on firme ground , and the building will prosper better . For howsoever , faire pretences may for a time appeare in the habit of truth ; daubing up a rotten inside with a specious out-side : He that sitteth in the Heavens and searcheth the hearts and reines , shal have them in derision , breaking them in peeces like a potters vessell . Restraine then this fury or frenzie of the minde , and with timely Moderation so bound in and confine your affections , as no aspiring thought may enter that place , which is reserved for a higher place : so shall you enjoy more absolute content in restraining , than enlarging your thoughts to the motives of Ambition . Gorgeous attire , being the third assailant , moving man to glory in his shame , and gallant it in his sinne , is to be especially restrained , because it makes us dote upon a vessell of corruption , strutting upon earth , as if we had our eternall mansion on earth . What great folly is it to preferre the case before the instrument , or to bestow more cost upon the Signe than on the Inne ? Me thinkes the bitter remembrance of the first necessity of cloaths , should make men more indifferent for them : if man had never sinned , his shame had never needed to have beene covered . For sinne was the cause of Adams shame , and his shame the cause he fled unto the shade , which affoorded him Fig-leaves to cover his Nakednesse . What vanity then , yea , what impudence to glory in these covers of shame ? Would any one , having committed some capitall offence against his Prince , for which he is after pardoned , but on condition hee shall weare a halter about his neck , become proud of his halter , and esteeme it an especiall badge of honour ? We are all in the selfe-same case ; we have committed high treason against the King of heaven , yet are we received to mercy , bearing about us those Memorialls of our shamefull fall or defection from our King ; which should in all reason rather move us to be ashamed of our selves , than to prize our selves higher for these ornaments of shame . Sure I am , as hee is a fond man that values the worth of hi● horse , by his sumptuous saddle or studded bridle ; so h● is most foolish , who estimate a man by his garment ▪ Yet see the misery of this age ! the cover of shame is become the only luster to beautifie him : but be not yee so deluded ; prize the ornaments of the minde for the choicest and chiefest beauty : farre be it from you to glorie in this attire of sinne , these rags of shame , these worme-workes , which withdraw your eyes from contemplating that supreme bountie and beauty , purposely to fix them upon the base objects of earth , which detract much from the glory of a reasonable soule . The Swan prides not her selfe in her blacke-feet ; no more should you in these Covers of your transgression , which , whensoever ye looke on , may put you in minde of your first pollution . No reason then to affect these , which had man never sinned , he had never needed , being before clothed with innocencie as with a garment , and with primitive puritie , as with a rayment . Whence it appeares , that many glory in the rags of shame , while they glory in these roabes of sinne : Now who , endued with reason , would pride him in that which augments his shame , or esteeme that a grace which asperseth reproach on him ? Nicetas saith plainly ; No punishment so grievous as shame . And Nazianzen yet more expresly ; Better were a man die right out , than still live in reproach and shame . Ajax being readie to dispatch himselfe , used these as his last words ; No griefe doth so cut the heart of a generous and magnanimous man , as shame and reproach . For a man to live or die , is naturall ; but for a man to live in shame and contempt , and to be made a laughing ●●ocke of his enemies , is such a matter , as no well bred and noble minded man that hath any courage or stomacke in him , can ever digest it . Delight not then in your shame , but in a decent and seemely manner affect that Habit most , which becommeth most ; restraining that profusenesse , which the vanity of this age so much exceeds in ; and assuming to your selves that attire which gives best grace to modesty , and hath neerest correspondence with Gentilitie . Neither is Luscious fare to be lesse avoided , or with lesse strictnesse restrained . Many reasons whereof might be here produced , but wee will cull out the chiefest , to weane our Generous Vitellians from their excessive surfets . First , daintie dishes are foments to wanton affections , begetting in the soule an unaptnesse to all spirituall exercises : for this is a generall rule , that the body being strengthned , the soule becomes weakned : for fasting is a preparative to Devotion , but riot the grand-master of Distraction . Looke how it is in the health of the body , and so it is in the state of the soule : if a man have a good appetite , and a stomacke to his meat , it is a signe he is well in health ; in like sort , if a man be content to follow Christ for the Loaves to fill his belly , and care not for the food of his soule , questionlesse all is not well betweene God and him ; but if he have a longing and an hungring desire of the Word , then indeed his heart is upright in the sight of God. For as Saint Augustine noteth well ; If the word of God be taken by us , it will take us . But what meanes may be used to procure this longing and hungring desire in us ? Not Luscious or curious fare ; for that will move us rather to all inordinate motions , than the exercise of Devotion : no , it is fasting that makes the soule to be feasting ; it is macerating of the flesh , that fattens the spirit . For it is sumptuous fare , that is the soules snare : Sagina corporis , Sagena cordis : It is the net which intangles the heart of man , drawing her from the love of her best beloved Spouse , to dote on the adulterate embraces of sensuall beautie . Neither is it fare , but delight in fare ; not simply the meat , but the desire or liquorish appetite , which produceth those odious effects : as for example , when the loose affected man maketh choice or election of such meats , purposely to beget in him an abilitie , as well as desire , to his sensuall pleasures . Whence a learned Father most divinely concludeth : I feare not ( saith hee ) the uncleannesse of meats in respect of their difference , but uncleannesse of desire in respect of concupiscence . Neither doth the kinde or difference of the meat ( saith another ) pollute so much , as the act of disobedience , eating that which is inhibited . Now to propose a rule of direction , not any one surer or safer can be set downe , than what an ancient Father hath alreadie proposed . We nourish our bodies ( saith he ) lest by being too much weakned , they faile us ; and we weaken them by abstinence , lest by too much feeding them , they presse us . So then , temper your desires , that neither too much restraint may enfeeble them , nor excesse surcharge them . For as the body being weakned , the soule becomes strengthned ; so where the body becomes too much enfeebled , the performance of spirituall exercises is disabled . But in all things , take heed of pampering a disobedient servant ; hee sleeps in your bosome , that imagines mischiefe against you . Who , the more he is fostered , the more is your danger furthered ; the more he is cockered , the more is your heat of devotion cooled ; chastise then this domesticke enemie in time , for he participates of the nature of a Serpent , who spreads most his poison , where he receives harbouring . Now as the Philosophers observe of the Hart , that being pursued by dogs in hunting , by reason of heat , and losse of breath , being tired with the chase , he hasteneth to the Rivers ; or wearied in fight with a Serpent , or stung , or wounded by him , while the Serpent resteth on the ground , he seeketh to some cold Fountaine , whereby the infection of the venome received , may be abated , and his former vigour restored . Even so , such as are wounded , and strucken of the old Serpent , must have recourse to Christ , that Fountaine of living waters , that all sensuall desires arising from excessive delight in delicious fare , may be the better allayed . Neither only is restraint to be used in the choice , and change of meats , but in the excessive use of drinkes . The reasons are two ; the one is , it is an enemie to the knowledge of God ; the other is this , it is held to be an enfeebler or impairer of the memorative parts ; for you shall ever note that deepe drinkers have but shallow memories . Their common saying is , Let us drowne care in healths : which drowning of care makes them so forgetfull of themselves , as carried away with a brutish appetite , they only intend their present delight , without reflexion to what is past , or due preparation to what may succeed . O restraine then this mighty assailant of Temperance ! Be ever your selves , but principally stand upon your guard , when occasion of company shall induce you ; being the last we are to speake of . This Company-keeping , how much it hath depraved the hopefullest and towardliest wits , daily experience can witnesse . For many wee see civilly affected , and temperately disposed of themselves , not subject to those violent or brain-sick passions , which the fumes of drink beget , till out of a too pliable disposition they enter the lists of Good-fellowship ( as they commonly terme it ) and so become estranged from their owne nature , to partake with Zanies in their distempered humour . So as in time , by consorting with evill men , they become exposed to all immoderate affections , such is the strength of custome . Whence it is , that Saint Basil saith , Passions rise up in a drunken man ( note the violence of this distemper ) like a swarme of Bees buzzing on every side . Now you shall see him compassionately passionate , resolving his humour into teares ; anon like a phrenticke man , exercising himselfe in blowes ; presently , as if a calmer or more peaceable humour had seazed on him , he expresseth his loving nature in congies and kisses . So different are the affections which this valiant Mault-worme is subject to ; yet howsoever , out of a desperate Bravado he binde it with oathes , that he will stand to his tackling , he is scarce to be credited , for hee can stand on no ground . But to annex some reasons which may effectually disswade every generous-affected spirit from consorting with such * Sociats as are a blemish to a Gentleman ; imagine with your selves , how mortally dangerous it is to enter an infected house ; how fearfull would any one be of the state of his body , if hee should have one in his company who had the carbuncle or plague-sore running vpon him ? how much would he condemne his owne rashnesse to entertaine any such in his companie ; and with what respect or cautelous advice would he prepare to expell the poison of that infection , at least to prevent the occasion ? no cost might be spared , no care intermitted , that some soveraigne receit might bee procured , whereby the apparent danger , into which his inconsiderate rashnesse had brought him , might be removed . Now if our bodies , being but the covers of more curious and exquisite instruments , be so especially tendred , with what respect ought wee to provide for the safetie or securitie of our soules ? The ground of a disease is to mix the sound with the sicke : now the soules disease is sinne , wherewith she laboureth more painfully than the body can doe , being annoyed with any infirmitie . Those that are sicke , are vicious men , whose disease though it bee insensible , and in that lesse curable , it breakes out into loathsome ulcers , which staine the pristine beautie of the soule . Now as wee serve so many vices , wee serve so many masters ; and so many masters , so many devils : each one having so many devils , as evils . Which miserable servitude to prevent ( for no slaverie is baser than the service of sinne ) the best and soveraignest receit that may be applied or ministred to the soule-sicke patient , is the receit of aversion ; to turne aside from the wayes of the wicked , and to keepe no company with the transgressour : for this aversion from the companions of sinne , is a conversion to the God of Sion . Would you then have God turne to you ? turne you from your sinnes . Would you be at one with your Maker ? be ever divided from these sensuall mates , so shall you be made happie by the company of your Maker . Would you bee found at heart ? leave to confort with these of an uncircumcised heart , whose paths lead to perdition , and they that walke therein shall be the heires of shame . For howsoever these instruments of sinne ( as I have sometimes observed ) may make a shew of godlinesse , or pretend , meerely under colour to give a varnish to their vicious lives , a semblance of goodnesse , yet it is but meere painting they deale with ; they deny the power thereof in their life and conversation . A ridiculous Actor in the Citie of Smyrna , pronouncing , O coelum ! O heaven ! pointed with his finger toward the ground : which , when Polemo the chiefest man in the place saw , hee could abide to stay no longer , but went from the company in a chafe , saying ; This foole hath made a Solecisme with his hand : he hath spoken false Latine with his hand . Such ridiculous Actors are these time-spenders ; they pronounce heaven with their mouth , but point at earth with their lives ; like wise Polemoes therefore stay no longer with them , if at any time you have consorted with them : for their practice is only to gull the world , and with smooth pretences delude their unhappy consorts . Their profession is how to play the hypocrite-christian , but being unmasked , their odious Phisnomies are quickly discovered . Make use therefore of your experience , and with all Temperance so counterpoize the weight of your passions , as none of these assailants ( though their incursions be never so violent ) may ever surprize the glorious fortresse of your minde . Which the better to effect , let Lust be counterpoized by continence ; Ambition by humblenesse ; gorgeous apparell by comelinesse ; luscious fare by abstinence ; and company-keeping by that sweet seasoner of all vertues , Temperance . Thus you have heard , how , as without salt there can be no seasoning , no warre without discipline , no tillage without manuring , no estate without mannaging , no building without a foundation ; so no vertue can subsist without moderation . AS wee have hitherto expressed the dignitie or sufficiencie of this vertue , in that it giveth subsistence to all other vertues : so are wee now to intreat of the amplenesse of it , proposing such subjects wherein it is principally said to be conversant . Now , though there be no humane action which is not subject to many defects , being not throughly seasoned by this exquisite vertue , yet the use thereof may be reduced to these two , as proper subjects wherein it is to be exercised ; expence of coine , and expence of time : for without moderation in the one , wee should be prodigall of our substance ; without moderation in the other , wee should grow too profuse in the expence of that , which is more precious than any earthly substance . Now touching worldly substance , as wee are to be indifferent for the losse or possession of it , so ought wee to be carefull in the use or dispensation of it . As it is not to be admired when wee possesse it , no more is it to be altogether disesteemed , because wee stand in need of the use of it . If money be so much to be contemned , ( saith an ancient Father ) expresse thy bountie , shew thy humanitie , bestow it upon the poore : so may this , which of necessitie thou must lose , releeve many , which otherwise might perish by hunger , thirst , or nakednesse . Thus to bestow it , were not prodigally to spend it , but to lay it up in a safer Treasurie , even in Christs almes-box , to the disbursers great advantage . Yea , but you will object , you have other meanes to imploy it in ; you have a familie to support , a posteritie to provide for , a state to maintaine , and pleasures suiting with your ranke and qualitie to uphold ; I grant it ; and you doe well in having a care to your familie , for he is worse than an Infidell that wants this care . It is commendable likewise in you to have an eye to your posteritie , for Nature requires this at your hand . To maintaine likewise your state , and to continue your pleasures suiting with men of your ranke ; I allow it . But where , or in what sort must this be done ? For the place where , surely none fitter than your owne countrey where you were bred ; setting up there your rest , where you received your birth . Let your Countrey ( I say ) enjoy you , who bred you , shewing there your hospitalitie , where God hath placed you , and with sufficient meanes blessed you . I doe not approve of these , who flie from their Countrey , as if they were ashamed of her , or had committed something unworthy of her . How blame-worthy then are these Court-comets , whose only delight is to admire themselves ? These , no sooner have their bed-rid fathers betaken themselves to their last home , and removed from their crazie couch , but they are ready to sell a Mannor for a Coach. They will not take it as their fathers tooke it : their Countrey houses must be barred up , lest the poore passenger should expect what is impossible to finde , releefe to his want , or a supply to his necessitie . No , the cage is opened , and all the birds are fled ; not one crum of comfort remaining to succour a distressed poore one . Hospitalitie , which was once a relique of Gentrie , and a knowne cognizance to all ancient houses , hath lost her title , meerely through discontinuance : and great houses , which were at first founded to releeve the poore , and such needfull passengers as travelled by them , are now of no use but only as Way-marks to direct them . But whither are these Great ones gone ? To the Court ; there to spend in boundlesse and immoderate riot , what their provident Ancestors had so long preserved , and at whose doores so many needy soules have beene comfortably releeved . Yet see the miserie of many of these rioters ! Though they consume their meanes , yet is the port they live at meane : for they have abridged their familie , reduced their attendants to a small number , and ( unnecessary expences set aside ) drawne themselves to within as narrow a compasse as possibly they may . For to take a view of those which are in ordinary roule , you shall finde none but a Page , a Coachman , a Lackey , and perchance a Cooke , if the vailes of the house will maintaine one , or they be not in fee with some City Cooke , whom they usually repaire to , at best betrust , and so run on score quarterly . Now if you aske mee , how their meanes should be consumed , when they live at so low commons ; my answer is , the lesse they bestow on their Caterer , the more they bestow on their Taylor . They cut it out of the whole cloth , and divide their acres peece-meale into shreds . Where their phantasticke light-ones resort oftner to the house of the body-maker than the soule-maker : affecting nothing more than what may make them most noted . But observe the issue of these courses , Gentlemen ; when they have maintained their riot with much expence , and engaged their meanes to these great monied men , whose Iubile it is to entertaine acquaintance with one of these greene wits , they run upon the shelfe of ruine , and make their posteritie the heires of want . Which having incurred , what distracted and divided sleepes , what distempered thoughts , what hourely afflictions may wee imagine them to be subject to ? For what engagement worse than debt , when every shadow resembles a Sergeant , every familiar touch or stroke of a friend , an arrest of an Officer ? Augustus Caesar , hearing of them talke in his Court , what a huge summe of money a certaine Knight in Rome owed at his death , and that all his goods were to be sold , to make payment of his debts , commanded the Master of his Wardrobe to buy for him that bed , wherein this Knight used to lie : For , sayes hee , if I cannot sleepe soundly in that bed wherein hee could sleepe , that owed so much , then surely I shall sleepe in none . Surely , there is no affliction greater to a Noble Spirit , whose thoughts cannot endure engagement , than to be subject to the extremitie of an unconscionable Creditor , who usually makes advantages his revenues , and forfeitures the inhauncers of his fortunes . Neither is this respect to bee had only in the disposing of your selves in Court or Citie , but likewise in the Countrey : for though it be best spent , which is bestowed in Hospitalitie , and in releeving those hungry soules , whose expresse images require your charitie ; yet are you to consider how charitie begins with it selfe : so as , howsoever you are bound to releeve and support those , whose present wants exact so much at your hands , yet ever with reservancie of a competent or convenient providence , so to sustaine the want of others , as not to procure want to your selves by sustaining others . But this needs little pressing : for experience shewes , that very small instruction will suffice any one to be provident enough in their bounty or exhibition to the poore . Let us therefore divert the current of our subject , and addresse our exhortation to you ; purposely moving you to a moderation of your expence in your pleasures , or those more easie vanities of this life . As profit and pleasure make the sweetest Musicke , so there is no pleasure , how incomparably delightfull soever for the present , but it affords much bitternesse , having no respect to Providence . Now , as all vertues may be comprized under the name of frugalitie , provided that wee understand it to be of that absolute power and command , that neither excesse nor diminution beare any sway in it , it appeareth that without this frugall moderation no state can be well mannaged , no estate rightly husbanded ; so as , whether you have an eye to pleasure or profit , this frugalitie or equally tempered providence must be Soveraignesse in both . For first , there is no pleasure which hath not respect to vertue : how then may that properly be termed a pleasure , which hath no relation to frugalitie , under which name all vertues may seeme to be comprized ? Likewise , there is no profit which is not joyned with honestie ; how then may that properly be termed a profit , which hath no respect to honest providence , upon which all profits are truly grounded ? The best course then that you can follow , either in your choice of pleasures , or pursuit of profit , is ever to examine whether that pleasure which you affect , have respect to vertue , or that profit which you have in pursuit , be firmly grounded on honest providence : so shall neither pleasure so much inthrall you , as to engage your fortunes to her , nor profit so entangle you , as to neglect conscience for the love you beare her . Surely , there is nought more dangerous to young Gentlemen , whose unriper yeeres have not sufficiently instructed them in the follies of vanitie , than to give reines to their desires , and so become Bondslaves to pleasure . For those that will deny their eyes nothing that they can desire , nor resist their owne wills in ought that they affect , be they endued with never so much wisdome , it becomes foolishnesse , being blinded with their owne delights . They then onely , whose native temperance hath prepared them , or continuall wrastling with the infirmities of nature hath inured them , have attained this degree of perfection ; not only ( I say ) to use Moderation in their expence , but in their restraint of every pleasure ; labouring to become commanders of themselves in the desires and affections of this life : which of all others make men the absolutest conquerours . For man , whose naturall pravitie , drawne from the corruption of his first parents , is ever working in him new motions of disobedience , layeth continuall siege and batterie to the fortresse of the soule , suggesting to her motives of pleasure and delight , which the carnall man will easily condescend to , because he favoureth not the things of the spirit . Yea , how many doe wee see , who begin in the spirit , but end in the flesh , making their end farre worse than their beginning ? How necessary then is this Moderation , to curbe or checke such inordinate motion as arise in us , by reason of our naturall infirmitie and weaknesse ? Neither doe I so much insist upon the Moderation of your expences , as if Coine were of that esteeme , as it only deserved respect . For if Riches increase , wee are not to set our hearts upon them ; but rather to shew our indifferencie towards them in our free and liberall use of them . For he who gave gifts before he gave time , creating all things for our use in the world , before he brought us into the world , without the use or ministerie of these could preserve and support us , whom he hath appointed as governours or rulers over all these : for hee who created all things without meanes , can likewise preserve those things which hee hath created without meanes . Yea , though hee hath given us the fruits of the earth to feed us , the fells of beasts to cloath us , yea , workes out of the bowels of wormes to beautifie us ; yet is he tied no more to these exteriour meanes , than hee was before , creating all things without meanes . No King is necessarily tied , that onely pure Bullion should be current among his Subjects , for if occasion serve , hee may stampe Lether , Brasse , or any other metall , which being authorized by his image or superscription , is not to be denied within his Dominions . Much more he , who contains the world in his fist , restraines not his power to any outward meanes ; working sometimes with meanes , sometimes without meanes , sometimes against meanes , sometimes above meanes . With meanes , as when he fed those which followed him into the wildernesse with bread ; above meanes , when he fed so much people with so little bread ; without meanes , when he himselfe fasted so long without bread ; against meanes , when he caused the very Ravens to bring his Prophet bread . No , this exhortation rather tendeth to move you to rely on Gods providence , yet withall not to abuse those creatures which he hath bestowed on you , but to use them with Temperance , Sobrietie , and Moderation : for what is it to abound in all riches , surfet in pleasures , enjoy the treasures of the whole earth , yea to want nothing that either the eye can desire , or the heart affect ? Surely nothing ; Alexander , the Monarch of the world , had all other things save onely a Sepulcher to bury him in , when he was dead ; he never thought of that : for alas , when corruption shall receive what Mortality renders , and man after so many dayes passed over in delights , shall make his bed in the darke , those perfunctory pleasures which he so much affected , those temporary blessings which he enjoyed , shall be as if they had not beene . So moderate therefore your expences in the use or dispensation of your earthly Mammon , that it may appeare , your hearts are where your Treasure is , and your Treasure where your heavenly master is : for what is this world , but a List environed with fearfull Combats ? So as the world is more to be feared when it smileth , than when it frowneth , and more to be taken heed of , when it allures us to love it , than when it moves or induceth us to contemne it . Howsoever , they who embrace the world , are like unto them , who are drowned in waters ; for their minds are so drenched in the depth of worldly affections , and so entangled by the reeds and oaze of earthly vanities , as they are divided from the Sailers Starre , and the Haven of the ship-wrackt soule , being miserably forced to grope in darknesse , without a light to direct them ; and to remaine wofully shelfed , being farre from sight of haven to receive them . And let this suffice to have beene spoken touching Moderation in your expence of coine ; I meane , your frugall dispensation of such estates , as God hath blessed you withall ; ever remembring that you must give account of your Talent ; not only ( I say ) of your Talent of knowledge , but of that Talent of Substance , whereof in this life you were possessed . And so I descend to your Expence of time , that precious Treasure which is incomparably to be valued above all that wee enjoy , because it affords a respit of using or employing , whatsoever we enjoy . TIme is so absolute and soveraigne a Regent , as he is all-commanding , but not to be countermanded ; whence we commonly say , that Time and Tide stayeth for no man. There is nothing undertaken by man , which can be effected without the attendance and gracefull assistance of Time. Neither can experience be gained , nor Truth , the Daughter of Time discovered , nor the issue of any mans expectance attained , nor any thing worthy observance produced , unlesse Time further it . There is nothing of consequence , that can be done at an instant : great Taskes require long Time ; neither can wee limit Time , but Time will limit us : whence it appeares , that nothing can be intended , much lesse effected , unlesse Time assist and second it . Time being thus precious , we must of necessity value it above any inferiour Substance , seeing without the company of Time , wee are wholly deprived of the use of our Substance . Whence it was that a friend of mine caused these two verses to be set directly before his Table of accounts ; If Coines expence be such , pray then Divine How rare and precious is th' expence of Time. Now there be three sorts of persons , with whom I am to encounter by way of admonishment , for their abuse or carelesse expence of Time ; the Ambitious , Voluptuous , and miserable covetous person . For the first , he trifles away Time , in the pursuit of impossibilities , spending his meanes , and misspending Time , in hope of a day ; which day he seldome or never sees , for his Time is a bridged before it come : so as the date of his death anticipates the day of his hopes . Now to point out the place of his abode , hee is ever to be found in the eminentest places , for obscuritie fits not his humour , whose only aymes are to acquire honour . Hee is so farre from moderating his humour , as he is humorously conceited of his worth , and thinkes whatsoever the Parasite saies in his commendations , to be no lesse than what he in his owne proper person deserves , For his Contemplations , they are ever mounting , yet seldom so high mounting as heaven , for his thoughts are directed to another Sphere . He is prodigall in his feasts , solicitous in the pursuit of friends , impatient in the quest of rivalls , and importunate in the dispatch of his affaires : and though it be a greater reproach to lose what is got , than not at all to get ; yet his ayme is to get , though he fore-see his losse before he get : and though the least libertie be apportioned to the greatest fortune , yet in his highest fortunes will he use the greatest libertie : the reason is , hee conceits himselfe to walke in a Cloud , where no popular eye can reach him . He is unmeasurably opinionate , and admires his owne knowledge , wherein he discovers his owne folly : for as he that seekes to be more wise than he can be , shall be found to be lesse wise than hee should be ; so he who conceits himselfe more wise than he is , displayes himselfe to the world what he is . So as it seemes , hee differs in opinion from the Poet , who holds this as a maxime : He 's solely wise , who is not selfely wise , But humble in the judgement of his eyes . Now his daily Tasks may be aptly compared to Domitians sports , who spent the whole day in catching Flies . For those many projects which he hath devised , those impossible aymes he hath contrived , those ayrie Turrets he hath reared , fall in the end to nothing ; and like those misty conclusions of the deluded Alchymist , bewray the folly of him that formed them . And as Domitian grew ashamed of his owne impieties , exiling all Arts , lest the knowledge of them should bring him to a discovery of himselfe : so the ambitious man whose aymes are as boundlesse , as his purposes fruitlesse , when his eyes begin to be unsealed , and those scales of ambition , which hindred his sight , removed , he will then ( if then be not too late ) acknowledge his shame , and ingenuously confesse that his unbounded aimes deserved no better guerdon ; for had his actions beene sincere , they had made him more secure . Likewise for the Voluptuous man , whose belly is his god , and sensualitie his delight , let me speak thus much : as his care extends but only to the day , slaving himselfe to the pleasures of sinne , and preferring the huskes of vanity , before the soule-solacing cates of eternitie : so shall his misery appeare greater , when deprived of those delights , wherein his sole felicity consisted . This fleshly Libertine mis-imployeth Time in two respects ; first , in respect of himselfe ; secondly , in respect of those good creatures which were ordained for the use or service of himselfe . In himselfe , by exposing so glorious an Image to the subjection of sense , and mis-applying those gifts which he hath received , being diverted from those good offices , for which they were bestowed . In Gods good creatures , by converting them to abuse , which were only ordained for use , and turning them to wantonnesse , which were created for health and releefe of weaknesse . This is he , who makes life a merriment , his pilgrimage a pastime , each yeare his Iubile . This is he , who turnes fasting into feasting , praying into playing , almes-deeds into all mis-deeds . This is he , whose sole delight is in dainty feeding , to cause inordinate motions to be stirring , without least respect at all of his soules starving . This is he , whose dishes are the poore mans curses , and whose gate is the beggers Iaile , where they are barred from least crumme of comfort . This is he , who stalkes and struts in the street ; sends forth his eye to bring him in a booty of Lust , or acquaint him with some new fashion , or delight him with some vaine shew . This is he , who sends forth his eare , to convey unto him some choice melody to intraunce him ; his taste , with some luscious viands to provoke him ; his smell , with some rare perfumes to cheere him ; his touch , with soft cloathing , or whatsoever may more effeminately move him . But where to shall these outward delights availe him , when the cold earth shall e●tertaine him ; when he shall be divided from them , and they from him ? When Belshazzar beheld the hand upon the wall , he was put quite out of his humour of jollity ; his cheerefulnesse was turned into pensivenesse , his mirth into mourning , his solace into sorrowing . Even so shall it fare with the Voluptuous man , whose delight was only on earth ; when that fearfull and ungratefull summons shall peremptorily injoine him to bid a due ( a long a due ) to those sensuall consorts which accompanied him , those inordinate meetings which so much delighted him , yea , all those licentious pleasures which so inchained him ; hee will exclaime ( but in vaine shall be those exclamations ) and curse the occasions of his mis-spent Time. O what a hard taske would he endure , to redeeme what his Security hath lost ? What extremities would he suffer , what difficulties undergoe ? How great and exceeding things would he promise ? In what bonds of firme devotion would he stand engaged ? Surely there is nothing that either flesh could sustaine , or Mortality suffer , which he would not most willingly indure , to deliver his endangered soule from eternall torments . Lastly , for the miserable Covetous wretch , who makes great use of his Coine , but small use of his Time , treasuring up vengeance against the day of wrath ; how carefull is he in making his barnes larger , in filling his chests fuller , in inhauncing his rents higher ; but how respectlesse of that supreme good , wherein all happinesse consisteth ? See , how Menedemus-like , he is ever digging and delving to raise a fortune for his seldome thriving posterity . Thus lives he , to become an eternall affliction to himselfe ; in whose person the Poet very properly expressed a Misers nature after this manner ; Thus doe I digge , thus doe I delve ●'enrich my state thereby , Yet th'poorest slave of all I have , enjoyes as much as I. This was one of those vanities which the wisest of Princes observed , as incident to the children of men , that many gathered , yet knew not for whom they gathered , having likewise no power to use what God had in his mercy bestowed . Now to give this miserable Caitiffe his due Character : He is his owne executioner , being good to none , but worst to himselfe . His eye is so fixed on earth , as he finds no Time to erect it to heaven . Hee employes so much time in getting and gathering goods , as he reserves no time for doing good . He little observes how all earthly things are sweeter in the ambition , than in the fruition , in the affection , than possession . Nor how the circular World cannot fill the triangular Heart , no more than a Circle can fill a Triangle ; where still there will be some empty corners . He runs on still in desire , labouring of a disease incurable , till Death cure him . He encreaseth his cares with his substance , and the more hee addes to his estate , the more hee detracts from his content . The poore hee hath alwayes with him , for hee makes all poore that deale with him . In briefe , hee is of all others most miserable , because in his riches hee hath all his consolation : which , like the Aegyptian reed , will faile him in his confidence , leaving him bare and naked to the testimony of a guilty conscience . For how secure was the Rich-man ( as he thought ) when he invited his wretched soule to take her rest , having much goods laid up for many yeares ; but this selfe-securitie was the occasion of his succeeding misery , for that night was his soule to be taken from him . It is a true saying , that the Devill requires nothing of man but Securitie , for that gives him opportunity of practising his undoing . Now , how bitter is the remembrance of Death , much more the unwelcome approach of Death to this miserable covetous man , who hath all his peace in his substance ? For if nothing be so terrible as Death , ( as Aristotle writeth : ) which Antiochus feeling sensibly in himselfe , crieth out thus ; Oh into what adversitie am I come , and into what flo●ds of misery am I now fallen ? He addeth the reason anon after ; For I must die with great sorrow in a strange Land. Surely then , to the miserable worldling , who hath made a covenant with sin , and a league with transgression , must the approach of Death seeme terrible , being to be divided from the staffe of his confidence , from thence to descend without least hope of comfort to the land of forgetfulnesse : for , as it cannot possibly be , that he should die ill , who hath lived well ; so it cannot be , that he who hath lived ill , should die well : for as the Scorpion hath in her the remedie of her owne poison , a receit for her owne infection ; so the evill man carrieth alwayes with him the punishment of his owne wickednesse , the which doth never leave ( so incessant is the torment of a guiltie conscience ) to wound and afflict his minde , both sleeping and waking ; so as , to what place soever he betake him , he cannot so privately retire , but feare and horror will awake him ; nor sly so fast , though hee should take the wings of the morning , but fury and vengeance will over-take him . Having thus far proceeded in the treating of such Subjects , wherin Temperance is required , and of such assailants , by whom shee is usually encountred and impugned : it rests now , that I impart my advice briefly touching Temperance or Moderation of the Passions of the minde , whereof ( omitting the rest , as having else-where discoursed of them ) I will only , and that briefly , insist of these two , the passions of Ioy and Sorrow . This passion ( to insist on Ioy first ) requires direction , to order our desires aright in the matter of Ioy. Every man loves a glad heart ; and wisheth Ioy , as the fruit of his labours ; but therein many mistake . First , one rejoyceth in his Substance , he hath gotten much . Secondly , another rejoyceth in his Promotion . Thirdly , another doateth upon that mad mirth which Salomon speaks of . Fourthly , another rejoyceth in a Table richly deckt , an over-flowing cup , a faring deliciously every day . Fifthly , another rejoyceth at the destruction of him , whom he hates . Sixthly , another rejoyceth in sinne , and wickednesse . It is a pastime to a foole to doe wickedly . It is the Drunkards joy to be at the cup early , and to sit till the wine hath enflamed them . The twi-light glads the heart of the Adulterer . The Oppressour danceth upon the threshold of him that is oppressed . Ismael geereth at Isaac . Holy Iob was as a Tabret to the godlesse ones ; and the Drunkards made songs on David . But this is not that Ioy which is required , because the foundation of this Ioy is grounded on sinne : wherefore we are to finde a Ioy more pure , more permanent : for the Ioy of the wicked is short , but the Ioy of the righteous shall endure for ever . This Ioy which we are to seeke , and whereon we are to ground our sole content , is no carnall but a spirituall Ioy : the Ioy of our hearts , the divine Melody of our soules , concluding with the blessed Apostle ; God forbid that we should rejoyce in any thing , but in the crosse of Christ , and him crucified : For in this did all the Saints and servants of God joy , disvaluing all other joy , as unworthy the entertainment of the soule . Wee are to rejoyce likewise , forasmuch as God hath called us not to uncleannesse , but unto holinesse . Wee are to rejoyce in the testimonie of a good conscience , being that continuall feast which refresheth every faithfull guest . Wee are to rejoyce in our brothers aversion from sinne , and conversion to God ; in his prosperitie and successe in his affaires of state . But above all things wee are so to moderate our joy in the whole progresse of our life , that our joy may the more abound in him , who is the crowne of our hope after this life . The like directions are required in our moderation of sorrow : for there is a sorrow unto death ; which to prevent , understand this by the way , that not so much the passion , as the occasion enforcing the passion , is to be taken heed of . Sorrow wee may , but not as Ammon did , till he had defloured Thamar , for that was the sorrow of licentiousnesse : Sorrow wee may , but not as Ahab did , till he had got Naboths vineyard , for that was the sorrow of covetousnesse : Sorrow wee may , but not as Iosephs brethren did , grieving that their father should love him more than them , for that was the sorrow of maliciousnesse : Sorrow wee may , but not as Ionah did , grieving that the Ninivites were not destroyed , for that was the sorrow of unmercifulnesse . Lastly , sorrow wee may , but not as the * Gergesenes did , grieving for the losse of their swine , for that was the sorrow of worldlinesse . These sorrowes are not so much to be moderated as wholly abolished , because they are grounded on sin : but there is a religious and godly sorrow , which , though it afflict the body , it refresheth the spirit ; though it fill the heart with heavinesse , it crowneth the soule with happinesse . And this is not a sorrow unto sinne , but a sorrow for sinne ; not a sorrow unto death , but a sorrow to cure the wound of death . By how much any one ( saith a good Father ) is holier , by so much in praier are his teates plentifuller . Here sounds the Surdon of religious sorrow , the awaker of devotion , the begetter of spirituall compunction , and the sealer of heavenly consolation ; being the way to those that begin ; truth to those that profit , and life to them that are perfect . But alas , the naturall man ( saith the Apostle ) perceiveth not the things of the spirit of God ; for they are foolishnesse unto him , neither can he know them , because they are spiritually discerned . It is true ; and this should move us to more fervour of devotion , beseeching the divine assistance to minister strength to our weaknesse , that what is wanting in the flesh , may be supplied by the spirit : yea daily to set our houre-glasse beside us , and observe those precious graines ( the minute treasures of time ) how swiftly they run thorow the Cruet , whereof not one must fall un-numbred : for as a haire of the head shall not perish , no more shall the least moment of time . Now how healthfull were it ( though the carnall man distaste it ) to vie teares with graines of sand , that our sinnes , being as the Sands of the Sea-shore , that is , numberlesse , might be bound up and throwne into the deepe Sea of eternall forgetfulnesse : so as they may neither rise up in this life to shame us , nor in the world to come to condemne us . Surely , if you would know those blessed fruits which true penitent sorrow produceth , you shall finde , that He who sowes in teares , shall reape in joy : Neither can any one goe to heaven with drie eyes . May your teares be so shed on earth , that they may be bottled in heaven ; so shall you bring your sheaves with you , and like fine flower , being boulted from the bran of corruption , receive your portion in the land of the living . And may this Sacrifice of teares which you offer up unto him , whose eyes are upon all the wayes of the children of men , minister like comfort to your soules , as they have done to many faithfull members of Christs Church . And let this suffice to have beene spoken of such Subjects , wherein Moderation is to be used : for to speake of Moderation of sorrow for sinne , I hold it little necessary , seeing most men ( so insensible are they of their inward wounds ) come rather short of that sorrow which is required , than exceed in any sort the measure that is prescribed . AS Moderation in all the precedent subjects is to be used , so in all and every of them is it to be limited ; for to be so Stoically affected ( as we have formerly noted ) as not to entertaine so much as modest mirth , or approve of the temperate and moderate use of those things , which were at first ordained for the use and service of man , digresseth as farre from the rule of moderation in restraint , as the profusely minded Libertine doth in excesse . How hard a thing is it then to observe with indifferencie an equall or direct course herein , when either by leaping short or over , wee are subject to error ? So saith blessed Cranmer ; Some lose their game by short shooting , some by over shooting : some walke too much on the left hand , some too much on the right hand . Now to propose what forme of direction is best to be observed herein ; wee will take a view of those Subjects , whereof wee formerly treated , and set downe in each of them what Moderation is to be used . All waters are derived from three wayes or currents : springing either by fountaines and spring-heads , from the bowels of the earth inwardly drained ; by rivers and conduits from those fountaines derived ; or haile and snow from the earth extracted , where some ascend , some descend : so passions are three wayes moved in our bodies ; by humours arising out of our bodies ; by externall senses , and the secret passage of sensuall objects ; or by the descent or commandement of reason . Now to insist on the motion or effect of each passion wee shall not greatly need , having sufficiently touched them in our former discourse ; wee will therefore upon a review of those severall Subjects , Lust , Ambition , Gorgeous apparell , Luscious fare , Company-keeping , &c. reduce them and the occasion of them to those three troubled Springs , from whence miserable man , by meanes of the immoderate appetite of sense , sucks the banefull poison of sinne ; The Concupiscence of the Flesh , the Concupiscence of the eyes , and the Pride of life : for whatsoever is in the world ( as a good Father noteth , and as the blessed Apostle himselfe affirmeth ) is one of these . As first , whatsoever suiteth or sorteth with the desire or delicacie of the flesh , ministers fuell or matter to feed the Concupiscence thereof . Now this fleshly Libertine takes no delight in the Spirit , but in the Flesh ; he loves to be cloathed in purple and fare deliciously every day ; he loves to keepe company with those consorts of ruine and miserie , who drinke till they be inflamed , and delight themselves in the pleasures of sinne . Secondly , whatsoever relisheth of vanitie , ministers him objects of content , to feed the unsatiate concupiscence of his eyes : which eyes , like Dinah , stray from him , fixing themselves upon some vaine object , which suits ever best with his choice , who owes them , and so conveyes some present but perfunctorie delight unto him . As if he be covetous , they shew him Naboths vineyard ; if wanton , a beauteous Bersheba , or the sandals of Iudith , which ravished the eyes of Holophernes ; if dainty-toothd , Iacobs red pottage ; if proud , the silkes of Tyre ; in briefe , they fit every one with an object according to his condition . Lastly , whatsoever may minister content to the proud and high-minded man , who walkes upon his Turrets , saying , Is not this great Babel which I have builded ? is suggested to him ; putting him in minde of Hamans honour , but never of Hamans Ladder ; telling him of Balthazar 's birth-day , whereon he feasted royally , but never of his last day , whereon he died fearfully ; shewing him Herods garment which shone as the Sunne , and of his applause , The voice of God and not of man ; but never of the eclipse of that Sunne , when he became so loathsome , as his smell could be endured by no man. Now to propose our rules of limitation in the Moderation of these : As wee are commanded to subdue the flesh with those inordinate affections , which arise from the infirmitie thereof ; so are wee not injoyned to kill the flesh , for so should wee disgresse from the rule of humanitie : for no man hateth his owne flesh , but loveth and cherisheth it . No ; our righteousnesse in this life , which may be rather said to consist in the remission of sinnes , than perfection of vertues , as it is to be furthered by all ordinary and direct meanes , so are wee not to transgresse that law , line , or limit , which is prescribed . Wee must not cut off our members with a knife , but our carnall affections with a holy and a mortified life . Whence it is , that Origen was justly punished by using too little diligence where there was great need , because he used too great diligence where there was little need . For , gelding himselfe , he prevented himselfe of a greater conquest : for there is no mastery to get the mastery of sinne through disabilitie . For as he that surceaseth but then from sinne , when he can sinne no more , forsaketh not his sinnes , but his sinnes forsake him ; so hee who disableth himselfe for committing sinne , lest his abilitie should draw him to sinne , disableth not his sinnes , but his sinnes disable him : for howsoever he hath disabled the act of sinne , he hath not supprest the occasion , which resteth not so much in the act , as in the desire to sinne . No lesse worthy was Democritus errour of reproving , who was blinded before he was blinde : for a Christian need not put out his eyes for feare of seeing a woman ; since howsoever his bodily eye see , yet still his heart is blinde against all unlawful desires . The princely Prophet saith indeed , Lord turne away my eyes from vanitie ; but this turning doth not so much imply the looke of the eye , as the lust or assent of the heart . Neither is it so requisite to make a covenant with our eyes that they shall not looke upon a woman , as to make a covenant with our hearts that they may never lust after a woman . In like sort , if any intemperate or immoderate desire to luscious fare or delicious drink should surprize us , whose subtill fumes unrivet each joynt of the memory , and loosen the cement which held it fast ; ( for you shall ever note , as I said before , that deepe drinkers have but shallow memories : ) wee are so to prevent the abuse , that wee contemne not the moderate and healthfull use of them . For as to use them in excesse is to abuse them , so not to use them at all is to contemne or neglect Gods providence in them . Wee must not say with the Epicure , Let us eat and drinke , for to morrow wee shall die ; but rather let us eat and drinke , as if to morrow we should die ; remembring that strict account which every one must give of the use or abuse of Gods creatures : for it is not the use , but abuse which produceth sinne . So as Thracius , whom I formerly touched , and of whom Aulus Gellius writeth , covertly glancing at his folly , was for any thing that I can see , even at that time most of all drunken , when he cut downe all his vines , lest he should be drunken . Likewise in the quest or pursuit of honour , as it is ambition to hunt after it , undeserved ; so it is the most apparent testimonie of true and approved vertue , to obtaine it undesired . For this reluctancie to receiving of honour , can never be without some mixture of pride : for they would have the world to observe , how well they deserve it ; and againe , their humilitie ( which is seldome in these without some tincture of vaine-glory ) in that they so little desire it . So as , these popular and firie spirits , whose only aimes are to dignifie themselves , deserve no sharper curbe for over-valuing themselves , than these , who pride themselves in their humilitie , deserve for counterfeiting a kinde of debasing or dis-valuing of themselves to the eye of the world . Whence I might take occasion to speake of those precise Schismaticks , who cannot endure any precedencie or prioritie of place to be in the Church , but an equalitie of Presbyterie ; but I will leave them to a sharper censure , till they be throughly cured of their distemper . Now for the second motive to sinne , which is the Concupiscence of the eye ; as it is so to be moderated that it stray not , so should it be so directed that it sleepe not ; sleepe not , I say , in the survey of that , for which it was created . The eye strayeth , when it coveteth what it should not ; it sleepeth , when it retireth from what it should : it strayeth , when it lusteth after a strange woman ▪ it sleepeth , when it readeth not the Law of God , to reclaime it from lusting after a strange woman : it strayeth , when it lusts after Naboths vineyard ; it sleepeth , when it lookes not after Gods vineyard . Neither is the eye so to be limited , as if contemplation were only intended ; for as it is not sufficient to pray , unlesse wee practise as well as pray ; so is it not sufficient to looke upon the Law , unlesse wee live after the Law on which wee looke . Wee reade that Abraham buried Sarah in the cave of Ma●pelah , that is , in a double Sepulchre . He that burieth his minde in knowledge only , without any care of practice , he buries Sarah in a single Sepulchre : but he that buries his minde , as well in the practice and feeling of religion , ( which is all in all ) as in the knowledge and understanding of it , he buries Sarah in a double Sepulchre : and so must all wee doe which are the true children of Abraham : for then with Abraham burying our spirit in a double Sepulchre , wee shall with Elizeus have a double Spirit ; a spirit that as well doth , as teacheth . Otherwise , wee are but tinkling Cymbals , making only a sound of religion , without any sound or sincere profession : being ( as that honey-tongu'd Father saith ) in body inward , but in heart outward . Now the eye , as it is the tenderest and subtilest organ of all others , so should the object on which it is fixed , be the purest and clearest of all others . The Eagle accounts those of her young ones bastards , which cannot fix their eyes upon the Sunne , and with equall reflexion ( as it were ) reverberate the beaming vigour or splendour thereof : which should be the Embleme of divine contemplation ; teaching us , that howsoever wee have our feet on earth , wee are to have our eyes in heaven : not by prying too saucily into the sealed Arke of Gods inscrutable will , but by meditating ever of him , so to rest in him , that after earth wee may for ever rest with him . It is observed by profest Oculists , that whereas all creatures have but foure muscles to turne their eyes round about , man hath a fift to pull his eyes up to heaven . How farre divert they then their eyes from the contemplation of that object , for which they were created , who cannot see their neighbours ground but they must cover it , nor his beast but they desire it , nor any thing which likes them , but with a greedy eye they heart-eat it ? So large is the extent or circuit of their heart to earthly things , as they can see nothing but they instantly desire ; so strait is the circumference of their heart to heavenly things , they set no minde on them , as if altogether unworthy their desire . So as I cannot more aptly compare these idolizing worldlings to any thing , than to the bird Ibis , which is of that filthy nature , as she receives those excrements in at her mouth , which she had purged before from her guts . Neither doe they resemble this bird only in respect of their bestiall or insatiate receit , but also in the unbounded extent of their heart . Oris Apollo writeth , that the Egyptians when they would describe the heart , paint that bird which they call Ibis ; because they thinke that no creature , for proportion of the body , hath so great a heart as the Ibis hath . Neither hath our worldly Ibis a lesse heart to the filthy desires of the world , being of necessity forced to leave the world , before he can leave desiring the things of this world : for their Satan-like , come from compassing the whole earth , esteeming no joy to the worldling , like much enjoying : yet am I not so rigorously affected , or from feeling of humanity so farre estranged , as with Democritus , to move you to pull out your eyes , that the occasion of temptation might be removed , by being of your eyes , those motives to temptation , wholly deprived . Nor with that inamored Italian , to wish you to fix your eyes upon the beames of the Sunne , till they were ●eared , that the sight of your Mistresse might not move your disquiet . No ; enjoy your eyes , and make them directers to guide you , not as blinde or deceitfull guides to entrap you ; use the object of this Sense , but weane it from assenting to concupiscence ; concluding ever with that good remembrance , May that object be from our eyes removed , which makes us from our deare Lord divided . Now for the last Motive , which is the Pride of life ; it was Lucifers sinne , and therefore should be each true Christians scorne . For this sinne ( saith an ancient and learned Father ) are the children of the kingdome throwne into utter darknesse : and whence commeth this , but because they ascend up unto that Mountaine , unto which the first Angell ascended , and as a Devill descended ? Hee who entertaineth this Motive , is an ambitious man , who ( as one rightly observeth ) may be well and fitly similized with the Chameleon , who hath nothing in his body but Lungs ; so the badge of the ambitious is to be windy and boisterous : whereas , if hee would measure all his undertakings , rather by the dignity of the thing , than the Ambition of his minde , he should finde as much content as now he finds disquiet . It was the rule of a wise Statesman , and well deserves it the observance of every private person , but especially of such who sit neere the Sterne of State ; not to suffer any ambitious heat transport him , but to measure a●l things according to their dignity and worth : and withall , rather to refer the opinion of themselves and their actions to the censure of others , and freely put themselves to be weighed in the judicious scale or ballance of others , than to be approvers of themselves without the suffrage of others : for certainely , as there is no humour more predominant than Ambition , nor apter to make man forgetfull of himselfe ; so he who is of a haughty and proud disposition * dis-values all others , purposely to prize his owne deserts at an higher estimate . I remember with what character that proud English Cardinall was decoloured , who bare so great stroake in this Kingdome , as it was in his power to shake the foundation of Monasteries , and from their ruines to raise his owne structures ; that hee was so puffed up with Ambition , as hee preferred the humour of his person , before the discharge of his Profession . Surely that sentence was verified in him , Promotion declares what men bee ; for never was his Nature throughly discovered , nor his inside displayed , till his out-side was with the Cardinalls Pall graced . How necessary is it then for man , being more subject to Pride himselfe in his height , than with patience to receive a fall , to learne how to moderate his acception of honour , before he come to honour ? For I doe not so limit him , as if he should not at all receive it , but rather how hee should demeane himselfe having received it . Neither in Ambition only , but in that attire of ●in , gorgeous apparell , is the like limitation to be used : for herein are we to observe such decencie , as neither the contempt thereof may tax us of irregular carelesnesse , nor affectation therof evince us of too singular nicenesse : for the former , as it implies a carelesse indifferencie , so the latter argues an effeminate delicacy : for God hateth no lesse in man this sloth and sluttishnesse , than he hateth too much neatnesse and nicenesse . Yea , I have oft-times observed no lesse pride shrouded under a thred-bare cloake , than under a more sumptuous coat . So as , Antisthenes went not farre a wrong , who seeing Socrates shew his torne cloake , shewing an hole thereof unto the people ; Loe , quoth he , thorow this I see Socrates vanitie . It is not the Hood which makes the Monke , nor the Cloake which makes the Philosopher ; but the Disposition of the minde , which makes him a true or false professour . It is good therefore , in the use of these things to observe the end for which they were ordained ; now apparell was not ordained to pride us in it , but to be kept warme by it . Peter Martyr sheweth , that Clothing doth keepe the body warme two wayes : By keeping in the naturall heat of the body ; and by keeping out the accidentall cold of the ayre . This then being ordained for necessity , is not be used for vain-glory : for howsoever ( to such excesse of vanity is this age growne ) that fashion is esteemed neatest , which is newest ; discretion will informe you better , and tell you that fashion is of all other the choicest , which is the comliest . But that these three maine Motives to temptation , and profest assailants of Moderation , I meane , Concupiscence of the flesh , Concupiscence of the eyes , and Pride of life may be the better resisted , incessant Prayer is to be used . For Prayer is Gods honour , Mans armour , and the Devils terror ; it is Gods oblation , Mans munition , and the Devils expulsion . By Prayer are those Treasures digged , which faith in the Gospell beholdeth . As it is then Gods Sacrifice , let it be Mans Exercise , that it may defeat the Devils malice : saying with blessed Augustine ; Behold , O Lord my God , the whole world is full of the snares of Concupiscence , which they have prepared for my feet , and who shal escape them ? Truly he , from whom thou shalt take away the pride of his eyes , that the Concupiscence of his eyes may not seaze on him ; and from whom thou shalt take away the Concupiscence of the flesh , that the Concupiscence of the flesh may not surprize him ; and from whom thou shalt take away an irreverent and unbridled minde , that the pride of life may not craftily deceive him . O happie hee , to whom thou shalt doe this , surely hee shall passe his dayes in safety ! Thus farre have I proceeded in discourse touching both manner and matter , how and wherein Moderation is to be limited . Where , in the pursuit of honour , as I would have you no Canius , too Stoically to contemne it ; so no Cassius , too tenderly to affect it : Likewise in the pursuit of Wealth , as I would have you no Mimus , too scornefully to hate it ; so no Midas , too slavishly to hugge it : Likewise in the pursuit of Fancie , as I would have you no Arminius , too severely to loath it ; so no Arsenius , too dearely to love it : Likewise in Fare , as I would have you no Pythagoras , too rigorously to abstaine it ; so no Diagoras , too riotously to epicure it : Likewise in Apparell , as I would have you no Diogenes , too carelesly to use it ; so no Demosthenes , too curiously to chuse it : Lastly , in Pleasure , as I would have you no Philopomenes , too strictly to despise it ; so no Philoxenus , too highly to prize it . For Origen himselfe eunuching , Democritus his eyes blinding , Crates his money drowning , and Thracius his vines destroying , no lesse offended ( as wee have before observed ) in exceeding the limit by Nature proposed , than the Libertines of their time , came short of that rule which Moderation had prescribed . But drawing neere shore , I am now to descend to the last branch of this Observation , treating of the Accomplished end which attends Moderation . AS there is no Art or Science which hath not some especiall end , to which it is properly directed ; so is there no Vertue which workes or actuates not for some end ; in the acquisition whereof it is fully satisfied . Now touching this end , whereto all vertues were and are properly directed ; both Heathen and Divine Philosophers with one consent have concluded it to be that Summary or S●preme good , than which nothing could be better in respect of the fulnesse , higher in respect of the worthinesse , or safer in respect of the securenesse . But how different in opinion the ancient Philosophers have beene touching this Summary or Supreme good , what it should be , or wherein it might be properly said to consist ; there is none having beene conversant in their Ethicks , but he sufficiently knowes it . So as Varro reporteth , that these ancient Philosophers have held and maintained two hundred threescore and eight severall opinions concerning Felicitie . Where some placed their Summary good in Honours or preferments , others in Pleasures or delights , but few in that true or accomplished Felicitie ▪ the testimony of a good conscience , which only makes man happie ; and without which , enjoying all , he enjoyes nothing : for were this Felicity or accomplished end , to which all vertues are properly directed , to be found on Earth , then were the hopes of many good and vertuous men frustrated , whose thoughts are so farre above the foundation of earth , or all those perfunctory delights , which this low Theater can afford ; as they have esteemed such men of all others most miserable upon earth , whose thoughts were not erected above earth , but sla●ed to the desires of this life ; as if their hopes extended no further . No ; in vaine were those many sighings and groanings in the spirit , those incessant labours and watchings , which the faithfull so willingly undergo , if there were no happinesse save onely in enjoying the delights of this life ; the fruition whereof , as they tender no true sweetnesse , so are they ever attended by sharpe repentance . For howbeit , every one be reputed worthy , if he be wealthy , and nought if he be needy ; yet when Sinne , having three punishments , Feare , Shame , and Guilt ; Feare of judgement , Shame of men , and Guilt of conscience : shall convent and convict him , he shall finde that riches cannot deliver in the day of wrath . So as howsoever the sin seeme sweet , the sting of sin shall wound his heart : For the bread of deceit is sweet to a man , but his mouth shall be filled with gravell . Likewise the High-minded man , whose heart hath beene only set on Titles of Honour , howsoever he seem'd raised or reared above the pitch of common earth , disdaining these poore wormelings , who had the selfe-same Maker , though inferiour to this high Cedar in honour ; when he shall be forced to call Corruption his mother , and wormes his brethren and sisters ; when hee must leave that high Babel , which his pride erected ; those worldly swelling Tumours , his slippery honours , which hee once enjoyed ; those Sycophants , the followers of greatnesse , which he so much affected ; yea , the world it selfe , where all his imaginary glory was stored ; he shall then finde goodnesse to be farre better than greatnesse , and worldly dignitie to adde fuell to those Violls , which he hath worthily incured . Likewise the Voluptuous man , as hee hath enjoyed the pleasures of sinne for a season , sported him in his beds of Ivory , feasted royally , fated deliciously , and fed all his miserable senses with a loathed satiety , he shall feele that the pleasure of sinne was finall , but the punishment due to sinne eternall ; he shall feele a worme ever gnawing , never ending ; fiery teares ever streaming , never stinting ; griefe ever griping , never ceasing ; death ever living , never dying : yea , that worme which gnaweth and dieth not , that fire which burneth and quencheth not , that death which rageth and endeth not . But if punishments will not deterre us , at least le● rewards allure us . The faithfull cry ever for the approach of Gods judgement ; the reward of immortality , which , with assurance in Gods mercies , and his Sonnes Passion , they undoubtedly hope to obtaine ; with vehemencie of spirit inviting their Mediatour ; Come Lord Iesus , come quickly . Such is the confidence or spirituall assurance which every faithfull soule hath in him , to whose expresse Image as they were formed , so in all obedience are they conformed ; that the promises of the Gospell might be on them conferred and confirmed . Such as these care not so much ●or possessing ought in the world , as they take care to lay a good foundation against the day of triall , which may stand firme against the fury of all temptation . These see nothing in the world worthy their feare . a This only ( say they ) is a fearfull thing , to feare any thing more than God. These see nought in the world worthy either their b desire or feare ; and their reason is this , c There is nothing able to move that man to fear in all the world , who hath God for his guardian in the world . Neither is it possible that he should feare the losse of anything in the world , who cannot see any thing worthy having in the world . So equally affected are these towards the world , as there is nothing in all the world , that may any way divide their affection from him , who made the world . Therefore may we well conclude touching these , that their Light shall never goe out : For these walke not in darknesse , nor in the shadow of death , as those to whom the light hath not as yet appeared : for the Light hath appeared in Darknesse , giving light all the night long to all these faithfull beleevers , during their abode in these Houses of Clay . Now to expresse the Nature of that Light , though it farre exceed all humane apprehension , much more all expression : Clemens understandeth by that Light , which the Wise-woman , to wit , Christs Spouse , kept by meanes of her candle which gave light all the night long , the heart , and he calleth the Meditations of holy men , Candles that never goe out . Saint Augustine writeth , among the Pagans in the Temple of Venus , there was a Candle which was called Inextinguishable : whether this be or no of Venus Temple , wee leave it to the credit of antiquity , only Augustines report we have for it ; but without doubt in every faithfull hearer and keeper of the Word , who is the Temple of the Holy Ghost , there is a Candle or Light that never goes out . Whence it appeares , that the Heart of every faithfull soule is that Light which ever shineth , and his faith that virgin Oile which ever feedeth , and his Conscience that comfortable Witnesse which assureth , and his devoted Zeale to Gods house , that Seale which confirmeth him to be one of Gods chosen , because a living faith worketh in him , which assures him of life , howsoever his outward man , the temple of his body , become subject to death . Excellently saith Saint Augustine : Whence comes it that the soule dieth ? because faith is not in it . Whence that the bodie dieth ? because a soule is not in it . Therefore the soule of thy soule is faith . But forasmuch as nothing is so carefully to bee sought for , nor so earnestly to bee wrought for , as purity or uprightnesse of the heart : for seeing there is no action , no studie , which hath not his certaine scope , end , or period ; yea , no Art , but laboureth by some certaine meanes or exercises to attaine some certaine proposed end ; ( which end surely is to the Soule at first proposed , but the last which is obtained : ) how much more ought there to be some end proposed to our studies , as well in the exercises of our bodies ; as in the readings , meditations , and mortifications of our mindes ( passing over corporall and externall labours ) for which end those studies or exercises were at first undertaken ? For let us thinke with our selves , if we knew not , or in mind before conceived not , whither or to what especiall place we were to run , were it not a vaine taske for us , undertake to run ? Even so to every action are wee to propose his certaine end : which being once attained , wee shall need no further striving towards it , being at rest in our selves by attaining it . And like end are wee to propose to our selves in the exercise of Moderation , making it a subduer of all things which fight against the spirit , which may be properly reduced to the practising of these foure ; overcomming of anger by the spirit of patience ; wantonnesse by the spirit of continence ; pride by the spirit of humilitie ; and in all things unto him whose image wee partake , so neerely conformed , that like good Proficients wee may truly say with the blessed Apostle , Wee have in all things learned to be contented . For the first , to wit , Anger , as there is no passion which makes man more forgetfull of himselfe ; so to subdue it , makes man an absolute enjoyer of himselfe . Athenodorus a wise Philosopher , departing from Augustus Caesar , and bidding him farewell , left this lesson with him , most worthy to be imprinted in an Emperours brest ; That when he was angry , he should repeat the foure and twenty Greeke letters . Which lesson received Caesar as a most precious jewell , making such use thereof , as he shewed himselfe no lesse a Prince in the conquest of this passion , than in his magnificence of state , and majestie of person . No lesse praise-worthy was that excellent soveraigntie which Architas had over this violent and commanding passion , ( as we have formerly observed ) who finding his servants loytering in the field , or committing some other fault worthy reproofe , like a worthy master , thought it fit first to over-master himselfe , before he would shew the authoritie of a Master to his servants : wherefore perceiving himselfe to be greatly moved at their neglect , as a wise Moderator of his passion , hee would not beat them in his ire , but said ; Happy are yea , that I am angry with you . In briefe , because my purpose is only to touch these rather than treat of them , having so amply discoursed of some of them formerly ; as the Sunne is not to goe downe upon our wrath ; so in remembrance of that Sunne of righteousnesse , let us bury all wrath : so shall wee be freed from the viols of wrath , and appeare blamelesse in the day of wrath . For in peace shall wee descend to our graves without sighing , if in peace wee be angry without sinning . Secondly , wantonnesse , being so familiar a Darling with the flesh , is ever waging warre with the spirit ; she comes with powdred haire , painted cheeke , straying eyes , mincing and measuring her pace , tinkling with her feet , and using all immodestie to lure the unwarie youth to all sensualitie . These light professors ( as S. Ierome to Marcella saith ) are matter of scandall to Christian eyes ; those eye-sores which wound the inward man with the sting of anguish . Now what receit better or more soveraigne to cure this maladie , than to take away the cause which begets this infirmitie ? And what may wee suppose the cause to be , but the complace●cie of the flesh ? when wee labour to satisfie our desires , and give easie reines to our affections . For the flesh while she is obedient , becomes a servant to the soule : shee governeth , the other is governed : this commandeth , that is commanded : but having once begun to usurpe , she will scarcely ever become a faithfull and loyall subject . What necessitie then is there injoyned us to stand upon our guard , when wee have a Tarpeia within our gates , ready to betray us to our professed enemy ? With what continuall and incessant labour ought wee to imploy our selves , that this untamed Iebusite might be so tired and wearied , that all inordinate motions might be extinguished , which by sloth and want of imployment are ever cherished ? Let us then embrace Continence , and by power of so good a spirit dispossesse the bad . Let us not entertaine those dangerous motives to sinne , which like a Snake in the bosome , will wound us to death . And what be those motives ? Wanton thoughts , and wanton words , which corrupt mens manners with wicked works . It is a sure note , and worthy observance ; whensoever any thought is suggested to you , which tasteth of evill , make the doore of your heart fast , lest you give actuall possession to the Devill . Wanton words likewise are dangerous motives to incontinence ; the habit whereof being once attained , will hardly be relinquished . So as Speech , which Democritus calls the image of life , being exercised in scurrilitie , seemes to deface that image , by laying on it the darke and sable colour of death . For as muddy water is an argument that the fountaine is troubled ; so filthy words are witnesses that the heart is corrupted . A good Tree brings forth good fruit , a pure Spring cleare water , and an uncorrupt heart words tending to the edification of the hearer . Now he , who useth his tongue to filthy communication , incurres a threefold offence : First , in dishonouring God ; Secondly , in sinning against his owne soule ; Thirdly , in ministring matter of scandall or offence to his brother . How necessary is it then , to keepe a watch upon our mouth , and a gate of circumstance unto our lips , that wee offend not with our tongue ; which like the poisonous Adder , stings even unto death , wounding the soule with an incurable dart ? Neither doe I , speaking of wantonnesse , onely restraine my discourse to incontinence , but to whatsoever else may properly tend to the complacencie or indulgence of the flesh ; as to tender obedience to her in the desire of luscious and lascivious meats , or the like ; including all such as turne the grace of God to wantonnesse , making a profession of faith , but denying the power thereof in their life and conversation . Thirdly , Pride , that Luciferian sinne , whose airie thoughts are ever mounting , must be subdued by the spirit of humilitie . Wee would hold it to be no faithfull part of a subject , to make choice of no liverie but his , who is a profest foe to his Soveraigne . And what I pray you , doe wee , when wee attire our selves in the habiliments of Pride ; not only outwardly in gorgeous apparell , choicest perfumes , and powdred locks , but likewise inwardly , in putting on the spirit of Pride , attended by scornfull respects , disdainfull eyes , and haughtie lookes ? Can wee be truly termed Subjects ? May wee , wearing the Devils crest , partake of the seamlesse coat of Christ ? May wee expect a Crowne after death , that oppose him who wore a thorny Crowne , to crowne us after death ? No ; as the Souldier is known by his Colours , the Servant by his cognizance , the Sheepe by his marke , and Coine by the stampe ; so shall wee be knowne by our Colours if wee be Christs Souldiers , by our Crest or Cognizance if his followers , by our marke if his Sheepe and Lambkins , by our stampe or superscription if his Coine or Starling . O know , by how much wee are the humbler , by so much to our Beloved are wee the liker ! Let us resemble him then in all humilitie , that afterwards wee may reigne with him in glory . Lastly , that wee may become conformable unto him , whose image wee have received , wee are to learne of the blessed Apostle , in all things to be contented . Content ( saith the Proverbe ) is worth a Crowne , but many Crownes come farre short of this content . Now to propose a rule how this Content may be acquired , were a Lesson well worthy our learning : which I could wish might be as soone learned as proposed : for Content , briefly , consists in these two ; To be free from desiring what wee have not , to be free from fearing to lose what wee already have . Now hee , who seeth nothing in the world worthy desiring , cannot chuse but be free from feare of losing , being so indifferent touching the world , or whatsoever else he hath in enjoying . For he that neither hath , nor so●th ought in the world which hee esteemes worthy his love , enjoyeth nought but hee can willingly be content to leave ; for no man feareth the losse of that which he doth not love . But to draw neerer a point : these two passions or affections of desire and feare ; desire of having more than wee have , feare of losing what wee already have , may be properly said to have a threefold respect ; To the goods or endowments of the Minde , of the Body , and of Fortune . For the first , Plato in his Tymaeo saith ; If a man lose his eyes , or feet , or hands , or wealth , wee may say of such an one , he loseth something ; but he who loseth his heart and reason , loseth all . For in the wombe of our Mother , the first thing which is ingendred or participates forme , is the heart , and the last which dieth is the same heart . So as properly it may be called Reasons Treasurie or store-house , where those divine graces are seated , which conferre the best beauty to man , giving him a note of distinction from other creatures , the more to dignifie man. For howsoever all creatures have hearts , yet only to man is given an understanding heart . Other creatures have hearts indeed sensible of present paine , but they cannot recall to minde what is past , or probably collect by what is past , the seasons of times , or issues of affaires likely to ensue . In the heart of man , there is the reasonable power , with which he governeth himselfe ; the irascible power , with which he defendeth himselfe ; and concupiscible , by which he provideth for things necessary to releeve himselfe . Now admit wee were deprived of that principall blessing , the intellectuall part , so as like raving and raging Orestes , wee were forced to take many blinde by-paths , wanting the means of direction by reason of our woful distraction , and crying out with Octavia in Seneca ; O , to the spirits below that I were sent , For death were easie to this punishment ! Admit , I say , all this ; yet is the afflicted soule to be content , abiding Gods good leisure , who as hee doth wound , so he can cure ; and as he opened old Tobiths eyes , so can he , when hee pleaseth , where hee pleaseth , and as he pleaseth , open the bleered eyes of understanding ; so with a patient expectance of Gods mercy , and Christian resolution to endure all assaults with constancie , as he recommendeth himselfe to God , so shall he finde comfort in him , in whom he hath trusted , and receive understanding more cleare and perfect than before he enjoyed . Or admit one should have his memorative part so much enfeebled , as with Corvinus Messala hee should forget his owne name ; yet the Lord , who numbreth the starres , and knoweth them all by their names , will not forget him , though he hath forgot himselfe , having him as a Signet upon his finger , ever in his remembrance . For what shall it availe , if thou have memory beyond Cyrus , who could call every souldier in his army by his name , when it shall appeare thou hast forgot thy selfe , and exercised that facultie rather in remembring injuries , than recalling to minde those insupportable injuries which thou hast done unto God ? Nay more ; of all faculties in man , Memory is the weakest , first waxeth old , and decayes sooner than strength or beauty . And what shall it profit thee , once to have excelled in that facultie , when the privation thereof addes to thy misery ? Nothing , nothing : wherefore , as every good and perfect gift commeth from above , where there is neither change nor shadow of change , so as God taketh away nothing but what he hath given , let every one in the losse of this or that facultie , referre himselfe with patience to his sacred Majestie , who in his change from earth will crowne him with mercy . Secondly , for the goods or blessings of the Body , as strength , beautie , agilitie , &c. admit thou wert blinde with Appius , lame with Agesilaus , tongue-tied with Samius , dwarfish with Ivius , deformed with Thersites ; though blinde , thou hast eyes to looke with , and that upward ; though lame , thou hast legges to walke with , and that homeward ; though tongue-tied , thou hast a tongue to speake , and that to Godward ; though dwarfish , thou hast a proportion given thee , ayming heavenward ; and though deformed , thou hast a glorious feature , and not bruitish to looke downward . For not so much by the motion of the body , and her outwardly working faculties , as by the devotion of the heart , and those inwardly moving graces , are wee to come to God. Againe , admit thou wert so mortally sicke , as even now drawing neere shore , there were no remedy but thou must of necessitie bid a long a due to thy friends , thy honours , riches , and whatsoever else are deare or neere unto thee : yet for all this , why shouldst not thou remaine contented ? Art thou here as a Countryman , or a Pilgrim ? No Countryman sure , for then shouldst thou make earth thy Country , and inhabit here as an abiding city . And if a Pilgrim , who would grieve to be going homeward ? There is no life but by death , no habitation but by dissolution . He then that feareth death , feareth him that bringeth glad tidings of life . Therefore to esteeme life above the price , or feare death beyond the rate , are alike evill : for he that values life to be of more esteeme than a pilgrimage , is in danger of making shipwracke of the hope of a better inheritance ; and he that feareth death as his protest enemy , may thanke none for his feare but his securitie . Certainly , there is no greater argument of folly , than to shew immoderate sorrow either for thy own death , or death of another : for it is no wisdome to grieve for that which thou canst not possibly prevent , but to labour in time rather to prevent what may give thee occasion to grieve . For say , is thy friend dead ? I confesse it were a great losse , if he were lost ; but lost he is not , though thou be left ; gone he is before thee , not gone from thee ; divided only , not exiled from thee . A Princesse wee had of sacred memory , who looking one day from her Palace , might see one shew immoderate signes or appearances of sorrow , so as she , moved with princely compassion , sent downe presently one of her Pensioners to inquire who it was that so much sorrowed , and withall to minister him all meanes of comfort ; who finding this sorrowfull mourner to be a Counsellor of State , who sorrowed for the death of his daughter ; returned directly to his Soveraigne , and acquainted her therewith . O ( quoth she ) who would thinke that a wise man and a Counsellor of our State could so forget himselfe , as to shew himselfe a childe for the death of his childe ! And surely , whosoever shall but duly consider mans frailtie with deaths necessitie , cannot chuse but wonder why any one should be so wholly destitute of understanding , to lament the death of any one , since to die is as necessary and common as to be borne to every one . But perchance it may be by some objected , that the departure of their friend is not so much lamented , for that is of necessitie , and therefore exacts no teares of sorrow , being , if spent , as fruitlesse as the doome reverselesse ; but their sudden or inopinate departure . Whereto I answer , that no death is sudden to him that dies well : for sudden death hath properly a respect rather to the life , how it was passed or disposed , than to death , how short his summons were , or how quickly clozed . Io. Mathes . preaching upon the raising up of the womans sonne of Naim by Christ , within three houres afterward died himselfe : The like is written of Luther , and many others . As one was choaked with a flie , another with a haire , a third pushing his foot against the tressall , another against the threshold falls downe dead : So many kinde of wayes are chalked out for man , to draw towards his last home , and weane him from the love of earth . Those whom God loves , saith Menander , die young : yea , those whom hee esteemeth highest , hee takes from hence the soonest : And that for two causes ; the one is to free them the sooner from the wretchednesse of earth ; the other to crowne them the sooner with Happinesse in Heaven : For what gaine wee by a long life , or what profit reape wee by a tedious Pilgrimage , but that wee partly see , partly suffer , partly commit more evils ? Priamus say more dayes and shed more teares than Troilus . Let us hence then learne so to measure our sorrow for ought that may or shall befall us , in respect of the bodie , that after her returne to earth , it may be gloriously re-united to the soule , to make an absolute Consort in Heaven . Thirdly , and lastly , for the goods or blessings of Fortune ; they are not to command us , but to be commanded by us ; not to be served by us , but to serve us . And because hee onely in the affaires of this life is the wealthiest , who in the desires of this life is the neediest ; and he the richest on earth , who sees little worth desiring on earth : we are so to moderate our desires ( as I have formerly touched ) in respect of those things we have not , that wee may labour to over-master our desires , in thirsting after more than we already have ; likewise so to temper and qualifie our affections in respect of those things we have , as to shew no immoderate sorrow for the losse of those we have , but to be equally minded , as well in the fruition of those wee have , as privation of those we have not . For of all others , there is no sorrow baser nor unworthier , than that which is grounded on the losse of Oxe , or Cow , or such inferiour subjects . Neither incurre they any lesse opinion of folly , who carried away with the love of their Horse , Hound , or some such creature , use for some prize or conquest got , to reare in their memory some Obeliske , or Monument graced with a beauteous inscription , to preserve their fame , because ( poore beasts ) they have nothing to preserve themselves : for howsoever this act seeme to have some correspondence with gratitude , labouring only to grace them who have graced us , rearing a stone to perpetuate their fame , who memoriz'd our Name by speed of foot ; yet is it grosse and so palpable to those , whose discretion is a moulder of all their actions , as they account it an act , worthier the observation of an Heathen than a Christian. Cimon buried his Mares , bestowing upon them specious Tombs , when they had purchased credit in the swift races of the Olympiads . Xan●ippus bewailed his Dogs death , which had followed his master from Calamina . Alexander erected a Citie in the honour of Bucephalus , having beene long defended by him in many dangerous battels . And the Asse may well among the Heathen be adorned with Lillies , Violets and Garlands , when their Goddesse Vesta by an Asses bray , avoided the rape of Priapus . But howsoever these actions among Pagans might carry some colour of thankfulnesse , rewarding them , by whose speed , fury , agilitie , or some other meanes , they have beene as well preserved as honoured : yet with Christians , whose eyes are so clearely opened , and by the light divine so purely illumined , would these seeme acts of prophanenesse , ascribing honour to the creature , to whom none is due , and not to the Creator , to whom all honour is solely and properly due . In briefe , let us so esteeme of all ●he goods and gifts of Fortune , as of Vtensils , fit for our use and service , but of the Supreme good , as our chiefest So●ace : For he who subjected all things to the feet of man , that man might be wholly subject unto him , and that man might be wholly his , he gave man dominion over all those workes of his : so he created all outward things for the bodie , the bodie for the soule , but the soule for him ; that shee might only intend him , and only love him , possessing him for solace , but inferiour things for service . Thus farre , Gentlemen , hath this present discourse inlarged it selfe , to expresse the rare and incomparable effects , which naturally arise from the due practice of Moderation , being indeed a vertue so necessary , and well deserving the acquaintance of a Gentleman , ( who is to be imagined as one new come to his lands , and therefore stands in great need of so discreet an Attendant ) as there is no one vertue better sorting his ranke , not only in matters of preferment , profit , or the like ; but in matters of reputation or personall ingagement , where his very name or credit is brought to the tesh . Looke not then with the eye of scorne on such a follower : but take these instructions with you for a fare-well . Doth Ambition buzze in your eare motions of Honour ? This faithfull Attendant , Moderation , will disswade you from giving way to these suggestions , and tell you , Ambition is the high road which leads to ruine , but Humilitie is the gate which opens unto glory . Doth Covetousnesse whisper to you matters of profit ? Here is one will tell you , the greatest wealth in the world , is to want the desires of the world . Doth Wantonnesse suggest to you motives of Delight ? Here is that Herbe of Grace , which will save you from being wounded , and salve you already wounded . In briefe , both your expence of Time and Coine , shall bee so equally disposed , as you shall never need to redeeme Time , because you never prodigally lost it ; nor repent your fruitlesse expence of Coine , because you never profusely spent it . Thus if you live , you cannot chuse but live for ever : for ever , in respect of those choice vertues which attend you : for ever , in respect of your good Example , moving others to imitate you . And for ever , in respect of that succeeding glory which shall crowne you . THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN . Argument . Of Perfection ; Contemplative and Active ; The Active preferred ; Wherein it consisteth ; Of the absolute or Supreme end whereto it aspireth , and wherein it resteth . PERFECTION . WE are now to treat of a Subject , which , while we are here on earth , is farre easier to discourse of , than to finde ; for Perfection is not absolute in this life , but graduall . So as , howsoever we may terme one perfect or complete in respect of some especial qualities , wherewith he is endued ; yet , if we come to the true ground of Perfection , we shall finde it farre above the Sphere of Mortality to ascend to : for man , miserable man , what is he , or of himselfe what can he , to make him absolutely perfect ? Exceed can he in nothing but sinne , which is such a naturall imperfection , as it wholly detracts from his primitive Perfection . Time was indeed , when man knew no sinne , and in that ignorance from sin consisted his Perfection . But no sooner was that banefull Apple tasted , than in the knowledge of sinne he became a professant . Wee are therefore to discourse of such Perfection , as wee commonly in opinion hold for absolute , though in very deed it appeare only respective and definite ; for to treat of that Perfection which is transcendent or indefinite , were to sound the Sea , or weigh the Mountaines , so far it exceedeth the conceit of man : yea , I say , to taske humane apprehension to the discussion of that soveraigne or supreme Perfection , were as unequally matched , as ever were earth and heaven , strength and weaknesse , or the great Behemoth , and the silliest worme that creepeth in the chinkes of the earth . Let us addresse our selves then to this Taske , and make this our ground , that as no man is simply good but God ; so no man is absolutely perfect till hee be individually united to God ; which on earth is not granted , but promised ; not effected , but expected ; not obtained , but with confidence desired , when these few , but evill dayes of our Pilgrimage shall be expired : yet is there a graduall Perfection , which in some degree or measure wee may attaine , becomming conformable unto him , whose Image we have received , and by whom we have so many singular graces and prerogatives on us conferred . And this Perfection is to be procured by assistance of Gods Spirit , and a desire in man to second that assistance by an assiduall endevour . Which devout and godly endevour , that it might be the better furthered , and his glory , by whose grace we are assisted , the more advanced ; needfull it were to reduce to our memory , daily and hourely these two maine Considerations . First , those three profest Enemies that infatigably assaile us , which should make us more watchfull . Secondly , that faithfull friend , who so couragiously fights for us , which should make us more thankfull : for our Enemies , as they are some of them domestick , so are they more dangerous ; for no foe more perillous than a bosome foe . Besides , they are such pleasing Enemies , as they cheere us , when they kill us ; sting us , when they smile on us . And what is the instrument they worke on , but the soule ? And what the time limited them to work in , but our life ? Which humours do swel up , sorrows bring downe , heats dry , aire infect , meat puffe up , fasting macerate , jests dissolve , sadnesse consume , care straitneth , security deludeth , youth extolleth , wealth transporteth , poverty dejecteth , old-age crooketh , infirmity breaketh , griefe depresseth , the Devill deceiveth , the world flattereth , the flesh is delighted , the soule blinded , and the whole man perplexed . How should wee now oppose our selves to such furious and perfidious Enemies ? Or what armour are we to provide for the better resisting of such powerfull and watchfull Assailants ? Certainly , no other provision need we , than what already is laid up in store for us , to arme and defend us , and what those blessed Saints and Servants of Christ have formerly used , leaving their owne vertuous lives as Patternes unto us . Their Armour was Fasting , Prayer , and workes of Devotion ; by the first , they made themselves fit to pray ; in the second , they addressed themselves to pray as they ought ; in the third , they performed those holy duties , which every Christian of necessity ought to performe . And first , for Fasting , it is a great worke , and a Christ●●●worke ; producing such excellent effects , as it subjects the flesh to the obedience of the spirit ; making her , of a commander , a subject , of one who tooke upon her an usurped authority , to humble herselfe to the soules soveraignty . Likewise Prayer , how powerfull it hath beene in all places , might be instanced in sundry places of holy Scripture . In the a Desart , where Temptation is the readiest ; In the b Temple , where the Devill is oft-times busiest ; On the c Sea , where the flouds of perils are the neerest ; In d Peace , where security makes men forgetfull'st ; And in e Warre , where imminent danger makes men fearfull'st : Yea , whether it be with Daniel in the f Denne ; or Manasses in the g Dungeon ; whether it be with holy David in the h Palace ; or heavenly Ieremie in the i Prison : the power and efficacie of Prayer , sacrificed by a devout and zealous beleever , cannot chuse but be as the first and second raine , fructifying the happy soile of every faithfull soule , to her present comfort here , and hope of future glory else-where . Thirdly , workes of Devotion , being the fruits or effects of a spirituall conversation ; as ministring to the necessitie of the Saints , wherein we have such plenty of examples , both in divine and humane writ , as their godly charitie , or zealous bounty might worthily move us to imitate such blessed Patternes in actions of like Devotion . For such were they , as they were both liberall , and joyed in their liberality , every one contributing so much as he thought fit , or pleased him to bestow . And whatsoever was so collected , to the charge or trust of the Governour , or Disposer of the stocke of the poore , was forth with committed . Here was that poore-mans Box , or indeed Christs Box , wherein the charity of the faithfull was treasured . Neither did these holy Saints or Servants of God , in their Almes eye so much the quality of the person , as his Image whom he did represent . And herein they nourished not a sinner , but a righteous begger , because they loved not his sinne , but his natur● . 〈◊〉 now , because wee are to treat of Perfection , in each of these we are to observe such cautions , as may make the worke perfect without blemish , and pure from the mixture of flesh . As first , in that godly practice of fasting , to observe such mediocritie , as neither desire to be knowne by blubbered eyes , hanging downe the head , nor any such externall passion may tax us to be of those Pharisees , whose devotion had relation rather to the observance of man , than the service of God ; neither so to macerate the body , as to disable it for performing any office which may tend to the propagation of the glory of the Highest . For the first institution of Fasts , as it was purposely to subdue the inordinate motions of the flesh , and subject it to the obedience and observance of the spirit ; so divers times were by the ancient Fathers and Councels thought fitting to be kept in holy abstinence , of purpose to remove from them the wrath of God , inflicted on them by the sword , pestilence , famine , or some other such like plague . S. Gregory instituted certaine publike Fasts , resembling the Rogation weeke , with such like solemne processions against the plague and pestilence , as this Rogation weeke was first ordained by another holy Bishop to that end . As for the Ember dayes , they were so called of our ancient forefathers in this Countrey , because on those fasting dayes men ate bread baked under embers or ashes . But to propose a certaine rule or forme of direction , there is none surer or safer , than that which we formerly proposed ; So to nourish our bodies , that they be not too much weakned , by which means more divine offices might be hindred ; and againe , so to weaken our bodies , that they be not too much pampered ; by which meanes our spirituall fervour might be cooled . For too delicate is that master , who , when his belly is crammed , would have his mind with devotion crowned . Secondly , for Prayer , as it is to be numbred among the greatest works of charitie , so of all others it should be freest from hypocrisie : for it is not the sound of the mouth , but the soundnesse of the heart , which makes this oblation so effectually powerfull , and to him that prayeth , so powerfully fruitfull . It is not beating of the brest with the fist , but inward compunction of the heart , flying with the wing of faith , that pierceth heaven . For neither could Trasilla's devotion , whereof Gregory relates , have beene so powerfull , nor Gorgonias supplication , whereof Nazianzen reports , so fruitfull ; nor Iames the brother of our Lord his invocation , whereof Eusebius records , so faithfull ; nor Paul the Eremites daily oblation , whereof Ierome recounts , so effectuall ; if pronunciation of the mouth , without affection of the heart ; beating of the brest , without devotion of minde ; dejection of face , without erection of faith , had accompanied their prayer . For it is not hanging downe the head like a bulrush , which argues contrition , but a passionate affection of the heart which mounts up to the throne of grace , till it purchase remission . Thirdly , for Almes-deeds and other works of Devotion , being the fruits or effects of faith , as they are sweet odours , and shall not lose their reward , being duly practised ; so wee must take these three cautions by the way , lest such sweet fruits be corrupted . The first is , to give our owne , and not anothers , for that were robbery : The second is , to give to the poore , and not to the rich in hope of commoditie : The third is , to give in mercy or fellow-feeling of others wants , and not for vaine-glory . For howsoever the poore need not care for any of these respects , because he is rewarded ; yet the giver is to care , because his reward should hereby become frustrated . Certainly , there is nothing which relisheth better to the palate of our Maker , than ministring releefe to the needy Begger , who is Gods begger , as a holy Father calls him , and therefore should be releeved for his cause that sent him . Those Goats set on the left hand doe affright mee , not because they were robbers , but because they were no feeders ; saith Nazianzen : therefore are wee willed to feed the hunger-starved soule , lest want should famish him ; for if wee suffer him to die for food , wee , and none but wee did famish him . Thus if we observe aright the zealous and religious practice of those blessed Patternes , who have gone before us , and have left their memorable lives as examples to be imitated by us , wee shall in some measure attaine to that Perfection , whereof we now discourse ; labouring so to moderate our affections herein , as neither vaine-glory , nor any other fleshly respect may interpose it selfe in actions of such maine and serious consequence . For albeit , as I formerly noted , no man may come to that absolute Perfection , either in matters of knowledge , or practice of life , as if nothing could be further attained , but that the very highest pitch of perfection were acquired ; yet are there degrees which in some measure may be attained , if those vertues which conduce to this perfection be duly practised . For , it is not professing of vertue , but practising ; neither practising of one , but all , which gives life to this perfection . For he whom wee sincerely perfect call , Excells not in one vertue , but in all . Which perfection farre exceeds all others , derived from some exquisite knowledge in Arts or Sciences ; for these , how absolute soever they be , come farre short of that perfection which longer time and experience might bring them to . Alcibiades is reported to have beene so skilfull in all Arts and Exercises , that he won the prize in what enterprize soever he tooke in hand ; which was no small glory , when in the Olympian or Istmian games he no sooner appeared , than those who were to contend with him , were forth with dismayed : yet came this perfection short of that whereof wee now discourse . For it may be probably gathered , that , albeit hee was the activest in his time on Istmus , yet all the activest youths , of Greece were not on Istmus , or if they were , yet the whole world had youths more active , and in all parts more absolute than there were in Greece . For to seeke perfection on earth , either in respect of minde or body , either in abilitie of the one , or excellencie of the other , were - in aethere quaererenidum ; he only being most perfect , who acknowledgeth himselfe to be most imperfect . Cicero brings in M. Antony , saying , that there be many follow , and yet come not to the perfection . Which hee might have instanced the best in himselfe : for who , for discipline more exquisite , for attempts in his owne person more valiant , for ripenesse of wit more pregnant , or for tongue more powerfully perswasive than M. Antony ? Yet to observe how much those more excellent parts were disabled , that light of understanding darkned , that pregnancie of wit rebated , that perswasive Orator by a wanton Oratresse seduced ; yea , even that Mirror of men blemished , might move us freely and ingenuously to acknowledge , as there is nothing more variable than man in respect of his condition , so nothing more prone to evill in respect of his naturall corruption . So as , howsoever hee may seeme in some sort perfect , either in moderating his affections with patience , or subduing his desires with reason , yet there is ever some one defect or other that darkens those Perfections . Wherefore as Marius bombasted his stockins to give a better proportion to his small legs ; if any one would have his good parts set out , hee had need to weare some counterfet disguise to cover his wants , and so gall the world , as Iuno deceived Ixion with a cloud . Truth is , that the worthiest men have beene stained with some notable crime . Caesar , though he 〈◊〉 mo●derate , yet was he incontinent : Alexander , though continent , yet was he immoderate : Sylla , though valiant , yet was he violent : Galba , though eminent , yet was he insolent : Lucullus generous , yet delicious ; Marcellus glorious , yet ambitious ; Architas patient , yet avaritious ; Archias pregnant , yet lascivious . So as Homers understanding , Platoes wit , Diogenes phrase , Aeschines Art of Oratorie , and Ciceroes tongue , could not assume to themselves such perfection , as to free them from other blemishes , which detracted as much from their worth , as these perfections added to their glory . For howsoever that saying of Solon may seeme authenticke ; All things among men are sound and perfect ; it is to be understood , that he meant of dealings or commerce among good men , whose word is their bond , and whose profession is to deale uprightly with all men . All things among such men are sound and perfect , for no commoditie can move them to infringe their faith , or falsifie their word for any advantage . But it may be objected , if none can be perfect , whence is it that wee reade , wee ought to be perfect as our heavenly Father is perfect ? or how is it that Paul exhorteth us to perfection ? or how may wee be presented every man perfect in Christ Iesus ? Surely not of us , nor of our selves , but through him who became righteousnesse , and all perfection for us , that he might perfect that in us , which was farre from us , without his especiall grace working or operating in us . Yet are we to labour and strive hard towards the marke that is set before us , not ceasing till wee become conformable unto him , and be made perfect in him . But become conformable unto him wee cannot , unlesse wee take delight in contemplating him , to whom our desire is to be conformed . Wee will therefore descend to the second branch proposed , to wit , the Contemplative part of Perfection , wherein wee shall easily finde what divi●e comfort is ministred to the minde , in contemplating Him , who distinguished Man from the rest of his creatures , by a reasonable minde . IT was the saying of a Heathen , If God tooke delight in any felicitie , it was in Contemplation . To the free use whereof , even those which are ( as Hortensius called L. Torquatus ) unlearned , rude and ignorant , may be admitted . For howsoever some have beene pleased to terme the Images of Saints , Lay-mens bookes ; sure I am , whosoever he be , be he never so simple or ignorant , that contemplateth God in his creatures , shall finde sufficient matter , in that voluminous booke of his Creation , to move him to admire the workmanship of his Maker . For the heavens are his , the earth also is his ; and he hath laid the foundation of the world , and all that therein is . So as , even from the Cedar of Lebanon to the grasse upon the wall , hath he shewne his power and his might to the ends of the world . Now to the end this Contemplation might not be hindred by any worldly objects , wee are to with-draw our eye from the Creature , and fix it wholly upon our Creator . For how can any one behold the glory of heaven , when his eyes are poring upon earth ; or how should hee , whose affections are planted upon his gold , erect his thoughts to the contemplation of God ? So as we must not only leave whatsoever wee love on earth , but even leave our selves till wee become wholly weaned from earth ; so shall our affections be in heaven , though our temporary plantation be on earth . For what are these Ostrich-winged worldlings , who never flie up , stooping to every lure that either honour , profit , or preferment cast out , but base Haggards , who lie downe and dare not give wing for feare of weathering ? Whereas these high fliers , whose aimes are above earth , are ever meditating of earths frailtie and heavens felicitie . These consider how the solace of the captive is one , and the joy of the freeman another . These consider , how that hee who fighs not while he is a Pilgrim , shall not rejoyce when he is a Citizen . These consider , that it is an evident signe that such an one hates his Countrey , who holds himselfe to be in good state while hee lives a Pilgrim . These will not preferre the husks of vanitie before those inestimable treasures of glory . These , and only these , value earth as it should be valued , desiring rather to leave earth , than set their love on ought upon earth . Neither can death take any thing from him going out of the world , who sets his love on nothing in the world . Whereas it is much otherwise with them , whose eyes are accustomed to darknesse ; for they cannot behold the beames of that supreme veritie : neither can they judge any thing of the light , whose habitation is in darknesse : they see darknesse , they love darknesse , they approve of darknesse , and going from darknesse to darknesse , they know not whither they fall . Such was Demas , who forsooke his faith , and embraced this present world . Such was Simon Magus , who bewitched the people with sorceries , to gaine himselfe esteeme in the world . Such was Demetrius the Silver-smith , who brought great gaines unto the Crafts-men , and mightily enriched himselfe in the world . And in a word , such are all those whose eyes are sealed to heavenly Contemplations , but opened to the objects of earth , prizing nothing else worthy either viewing or loving . It is rare and wonderfull to observe what admirable Contemplations the Heathen Philosophers enjoyed , though not so much as partakers of the least glimpse of that glorious light which is to us revealed ! How deeply searching in the influence of Planets , how studious after the knowledge of Herbs , Plants , vertue of Stones , which inforced in them no lesse admiration , than delight in so sweet a Contemplation ? Now if the Heathens , who had no knowledge of God , but only a glimmering light of Nature , being not so much ( I say ) as the least beamling in comparison of that glorious light which we enjoy , conceived such sweetnesse in the search of causes and events , preferring their contemplation before the possession of earth , or all that fraile earth c●uld promise ; what surpassing comfort or ineffable sweetnesse are wee to conceive in the contemplation of God , the one and only practice whereof maketh man blessed , although in outward things he were the poorest and needfullest in the world ? The blessed Saints and faithfull servants of God have beene so ravished with this sweetnesse , as they were drunke with joy in contemplation of the Highest . For either honour or preferment , they were so indifferent , as they rejected it ; and for riches so equally contented , as they dis-valued it , selling their possessions , and laying the money at the Apostles feet . Yea Peter , to instance one for all , no sooner tasted this sweetnesse , than forgetfull of all inferiour things , he cried out as one spiritually drunke , saying ; Lord , it is good for us to be here ; let us make us here three Tabernacles , let us stay here , let us contemplate thee , because wee need nothing else but thee : it sufficeth us , Lord , to see thee , it sufficeth us , I say , to be filled with such sweetnesse as commeth from thee . One onely drop of sweetnesse he tasted , and he loathed all other sweetnesse . What may wee imagine would he have said , if he had tasted the multitude of the sweetnesse of his divinitie , which he hath laid up in store for those that feare him ? Surely , the contemplative man , whose affections are estranged from earth , and seated in heaven , makes use of whatsoever he seeth on earth , as directions to guide him in his progresse to heaven . His eyes are not like the Ambitious mans , whose eye-sore is only to see others great , and himselfe unadvanced : nor like the Covetous mans , whose eyes ( Tarpeia-like ) betray his soule , seeing nothing precious or prosperous which he wisheth not : nor like the Voluptuous mans , whose sealed eyes are blinde to the objects of vertue , but unsealed to the objects of vanitie , seeing nothing sensually moving which he affects not : nor like the Vain-glorious ma●s , who practiseth seldome what is good or honest for the love of goodnesse , but to bee praised and observed . Whereas , the true Contemplative man loves vertue for vertues sake , concluding divinely with the Poet ; This amongst good men hath beene ever knowne , Vertue rewards herselfe , herselfe's her crowne . And for these light objects of vanity , he as much loaths them , as the Voluptuous man loves them ; and for coveting , he is so farre from desiring more than he hath , as he is indifferent either for injoying or forgoing what he already hath ; and for aspiring , he holds it the best ambition of any creature , to promote the glory of his Maker . He is ever descanting on this divine ditty ; O how glorious things are spoken of thee , O thou City of God! for his thoughts are sphered above earth , and lodged in the Contemplation of heaven . And if so be , that he chance to fix his eye upon earth , it is , as I said before , to direct his feet , and erect his faith to the Contemplation of heaven . For by consideration had to these temporall goods ( to use the words of a devout Father ) hee gathereth the greatnesse of the heavenly Councell : comprehending by these little ones , those great ones ; by these visible , those invisible ones : For if the Lord shew or rather showre so great and innumerable benefits from heaven , and from the aire , from the land and sea , light and darknesse , heat and shadow , dew and raine , winds and showres , birds and fishes , and multiplicity of herbs and plants of the earth , and the ministry of all creatures successively in their seasons ministring to us , to allay our loathing , and beget in us towards our Maker , an incessant longing , and all this for an ignoble and corruptible body ; what , how great , and innumerable shall those good things be , which he hath prepared for them that love him , in that heavenly Countrey , where we shall see him face to face ? If he doe such things for us in this prison , what will ●ee doe for us in that Palace ? Great and innumerable are thy workes O Lord , King of heaven ! For seeing , all these are very good and delectable , which hee hath equally bestowed upon both good and evill : how great shall those be which he hath laid up only for the good ? If so divers and innumerable be the gifts , which he bestoweth both upon friends and foes ; how sweet and delectable shall those be , which he will only bestow upon his friends ? If such comforts in this day of teares and anguish , what will he conferre on us in that day of Nuptiall solace ? If a prison containe such delights , what , I pray you , shall our Countrey containe ? No eye ( O Lord ) without thee , hath seene those things which thou hast prepared for them that love thee : for according to the great multitude of thy magnificence , there is also a multitude of thy sweetnesse , which thou hast hid for them that feare thee : for great thou art , O Lord our God , and unmeasurable neither is there end of thy greatnesse , nor number of thy wisdome , nor measure of thy mercy , neither is there end , nor number , nor measure of thy bountie : but as thou art great , so be thy gifts great : because thou thy selfe art the reward and gift of thy faithfull warriours . Thus is the spiritually Contemplative man ever employed , thus are his affections planted , thus his desires seated , caring so little for earth , as he is dead to earth long before hee returne to earth ; drawing daily neerer heaven , having his desire only there , long before he come there . Now to instance some , whose profession was meerely contemplative , having retired or sequestred themselves from the society of this world , we might illustrate this subject with many excellent Patternes in this kinde , as those especially who strictly professed a monasticke life , becomming severe Enemies to their owne flesh , and estranging themselves from conversing witt●man . Which kinde of discipline , as it was in respect of humanity too unsociable , so in respect of themselves , doubtlesse , sweet and delightfull ; being so intraunced with divine contemplation , as they forgot earth and all earthly affections . Of this sort , you shall reade sundry examples ; whereof one more memorable than the rest might be instanced in him , who reading that sentence of holy Scripture , Goe and sell all that thou hast , presently imagining it to be meant by him , did so . The like contempt towards the world , might be instanced in holy Ierome , Paulinus that good Bishop of Nola , and many others , upon which I would be loth to insist , for brevity sake . Neither certainly can they , whose thoughts are erected above the centre of earth , having their Hearts planted where their treasure is placed , deigne to fix their eye upon ought in the world , because they see nothing worthy affecting in the World : for they thinke godlinesse is a great gaine , if a man be content with that he hath . They doe good , being rich in good workes , and ready to distribute , and communicate ; laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come , that they may obtaine eternall life . Yea , they have not only learned in whatsoever state they are , therewith to be content , but wholly to relinquish both selfe and state to advance the glory of God. But it may be now well objected , that these men whereof we now treat , are fitter for a Cell than a Court , and therefore too regular masters , to have young Gentlemen for their Schollers : for how should these , whose education hath beene liberty , conversation publike society , and who hold good fellowship an appendice to Gentry , betake themselves to such strictnesse , as to be deprived of common aire , live remote from all company , passing the remainder of their dayes in a wildernesse , as if they had committed some egregious fact that deserved such severe Penance ? mistake me not , my meaning is much otherwise : for as I would not have Gentlemen Libertines , so I would not have them Hermits ; for the first , as they are too prodigally secular , so the latter are too severely regular . Neither am I ignorant how a * Cloister may be no lesse shelter unto error , than a more publike place of delight or pleasure . But my discourse touching this Contemplative Perfection , was purposely to draw the Curtaine from before the Picture , and to shew to their eye that faire Idaea , or feature which hath beene so long shadowed ; I meane the faire and beautifull structure of the inward man , which so long as it is darkened with these bleere-eyed Leahs , these objects of vanity , cannot enjoy it selfe , but peece-meale , as it were , divided from it selfe , seemes wholly deprived of life , for a Heart divided cannot live . And what are these objects of vanity , whereon the eye of your Contemplation is usually fixed , but those soule-soiling sores of this Land , Pride and Voluptuousnesse ? With what greedinesse will a young gallants eye gaze upon some new or phantasticke fashion , wishing ( O vaine wish ! ) that he had but the braines to have invented such a fashion , whereby he might have given occasion to others of imitation and admiration ? With what insatiablenesse , will he fix his eye upon some light affected Curtezan , whose raiment is her onely ornament , and whose chiefest glory is to set at sale her adulterate beauty ? No street , no corner but gives him objects which drawes his eye from that choicest object , whereon his whole delight should be seated : No place so obscure , wherein his Contemplative part is not on the view of forbidden objects greedily fixed . How requisite then were it for you , young Gentlemen , whose aymes are more noble than to subject them to these unworthy ends , to take a view sometimes of such absolute Patternes of Contemplative Perfection , as have excelled in this kinde ? But because a three-fold cord is hardly broken , I will recommend unto your consideration a three-fold Meditation , the daily use and exercise whereof may bring you to a more serious view of your owne particular estate . First is , the worthinesse of the soule ; secondly , the unworthines of earth ; thirdly , thankefulnes unto God , who made man the worthiest creature upon earth . For the first : What is she , and in glory how surpassing is she ( to use the selfe-same words which an holy Father useth ) being so strong , so weake , so small , so great , searching the secrets of God , and contemplating those things which are of God , and with her piercing wit is knowne to have attained the skill of many Arts for humane profit and advantage ? What is shee , I say , who knoweth so much in other things , and to what end they were made , yet is wholly ignorant how herselfe was made ? A Princesse surely ; for as a Queene in her Throne , so is the soule in the body ; being the life of the body , as God is the life of the soule ; being of such dignity , as no good , but the Supreme good , may suffice it ; of such liberty , as no inferiour thing may restraine it . How then is the soule of such worthinesse , as no exteriour good may suffice it , nor no inferiour thing restraine it ? How comes it then , that it stoopes to the Lure of vanity , as one forgetfull of her owne glory ? How comes it then to be so fledged in the * bird-lime of inferiour delights , as nothing tasteth so well to her palate , as the delights of earth ? Surely , either she derogates much from what she is , or there is more worthinesse on earth , than wee hold there is . Having then taken a short view of the dignity or worthinesse of the soule ; let us reflect a little upon the unworthinesse of Earth , and see if we can finde her worthy the entertainment of so glorious a Princesse . Earth , as it is an heavie element , and inclineth naturally downward , so it keeps the earthly minded Moule from looking upward . There is nothing in it which may satisfie the desire of the outward senses , much lesse of the inward . For neither is the eye satisfied with seeing , be the object never so pleasing , nor the eare with hearing , be the accent never so moving , nor the pallat with tasting , be the Cates never so relishing , nor the nose with smelling , be the Confection never so perfuming , nor the hand with touching , be the Subject never so affecting . And for those sugred pills of pleasure , though sweet , how short are they in continuance , and how bitter , being ever attended on by repentance ? And for honours , those Snow-balls of greatnesse , how intricate the wayes by which they are attained , and how sandie the foundation wheron they are grounded ? How unworthy then is Earth to give entertainment to so princely a guest , having nothing to bid her welcome withall , but the refuse and rubbish of uncleannesse , the garnish or varnish of lightnesse ? For admit this guest were hungrie , what provision had Earth to feed her with , but the Huskes of vanity ? If thirstie , what to refresh her with , but with Worme-wood of folly ? If naked , what to cloath her with , but the cover of mortality ? If imprisoned , how to visit her , but with fetters of captivity ? Or if sicke , how to comfort her , but with additions of misery ? Since then , the worthinesse of the soule is such , as Earth is too unworthy to entertaine her , expedient it were that she had recourse to him that made her , and with all thankefulnesse tender herselfe unto him , who so highly graced her . Let man therefore in the uprightnesse of a pure and sincere soule weaned from Earth , and by Contemplation already sainted in heaven , say ; What shall I render unto thee , O my God , for so great benefits of thy mercy ? What praises , or what thanksgiving ? For if the knowledge and power of the blessed Angels were presen● with me to assist mee , yet were I not able to render ought worthy of so great piety and goodnesse , as I have received from thee : yea surely , if all my members were turned into tongues to render due praise unto thee , in no case would my smalnesse suffice to praise thee , for thy inestimable charitie which thou hast shewne to me unworthy one , for thy onely love and goodnesse sake , exceedeth all knowledge . Neither is it meet that the remembrance of a benefit should be limitted by day or date ; but as the benefits we receive are daily , so should our thankfulnes be expressed daily , lest by being unthankfull , God take his benefits from us , and bestow them on such as will be thankfull . And let this suffice for the Contemplative part of Perfection ; descending briefly to that part , which makes the Contemplative truly perfect by Action . WE are now to treat of that , which is easier to discourse of than to finde : for men naturally have a desire to know all things , but to doe nothing ; so easie is the Contemplative in respect of the Active , so hard the Practicke in respect of the Speculative . How many shall we observe daily , propounding sundry excellent Observations , divine Instructions , and Christian-like Conclusions touching contempt of the world , wherein this Active Perfection principally consisteth , yet how farre short come they in their owne example : so easie it is to propound matter of instruction to others , so hard to exemplifie that instruction in themselves ? This may be instanced in that Ruler in the Gospell , who avouched his integritie and Perfection , concluding , that hee had kept all those Commandements which Christ recounted to him , from his youth up : yet when Christ said unto him , Sell all that thou hast and distribute unto the poore , and thou shalt have treasure in heaven , and come follow me : we reade , he was very sorrowfull ; for he was very rich . So miserable and inextricable is the worldlings thraldome , when neither the incertainty of this life , nor those certaine promises made unto him , in hope of a better life , can weane him from the blinde affection of earth . Necessary therefore it is , that he , who desires to attaine this Active Perfection , unto which all good men labour , moderate his desires towards such things as hee hath not , and addresse himselfe to an indifferencie of losing those things which hee already hath : for he , whose desires are extended to more than hee enjoyes , or who too exceedingly admires what hee now enjoyes , can never attaine that high degree of Active Perfection . The reason is , no man whose content is seated on these externall flourishes of vanity , can direct his Contemplation , or erect the eye of his affection to that eternall Sunne of verity , whom to enjoy , is to enjoy all true Perfection ; and of whom to be deprived , is to taste the bitternesse of deepest affliction . Now , how are we to enjoy him ? Not by knowledge only , or Contemplation ; but by seconding or making good our knowledge by Action : for we know , that there is a Woe denounced on him , who knoweth the will of his Father and doth it not ; when neither his knowledge can plead ignorance , nor want of understanding in the Law of God , simplicity or blindnesse . Wee are therefore not only to know , but doe ; know , lest ignorance should misguide us ; doe , lest our knowledge should accuse us . Behovefull therefore were it for us to observe that excellent precept of holy Ierome : So live ( saith hee ) that none may have just cause to speake ill of you . Now , there is nothing which may procure this good report sooner , than labouring to avoid all meanes of scandall ; as consorting with vitious men , whose noted lives bring such in question as accompany them . This was the cause ( as I formerly noted ) why Saint Iohn would not stay in the Bath wih the Hereticke Corinthus . O how many , and with much griefe I speake it , have we knowne in this little Iland , well descended , with choicest gifts of nature accomplished , of their owne disposition well affected , who by consorting with inordinate men have given reines to libertie , and blasted those faire hopes , which their friends and Country had planted on them ! how requisite then is it , for every one whose thoughts ayme at Perfection , to consort with such as may better him , and not deprave him ; informe him , and not corrupt him ? For if there be a kinde of resemblance betwixt the diseases of the body , and the vices or enormities of the minde ; what especiall care are we to take , lest by keeping company with those who are already depraved , wee become likewise infected ? Men would be loth to enter any house that is suspected only to be infected ; which if at unawares they have at any time entred , they presently make recourse to the Apothecary to receive some soveraigne receit to expell it . And if men be so afraid lest this house , the bodie , which like a shaken building menaceth ruine daily , should perish , what great respect ought to be had to the soule , which is the guest of the body ? Shall corruption be so attended and tendred , and the precious image of incorruption lessened and neglected ? God forbid ; specious or gorgeous Sepulchres are not so to be trimmed , that the cost bestowed on them should cause the divine part to be wholly contemned . To remove which contempt ( if any 〈◊〉 there be ) I will recommend to your devoutest meditation these two particulars . First , who it was that made us : Secondly , for what end he made us : To which two briefly , we intend to referre the Series of this present discourse . For the first , we are to know that no man is his owne Maker : It is he that made us , who made all things for us , that they might minister unto us and to our necessity , ordaining these for our Service , and himselfe for our Solace . He it is who hath subjected all things to the feet of man , that man might wholly become subject unto him : yea , and that man might become wholly his , he gave man absolute dominion over all those workes of his ; creating all outward things for the body , the body for the soule , and the soule for himselfe . And to what end ? Even to this end , that man might only intend him , onely love him , possessing him to his Solace , but inferiour things to his Service . Now , to dilate a little upon this great worke of our Creation , we may collect from sacred Scripture a foure-fold Creation or Generation . The first in Adam , who came neither of man nor woman ; the second in Eue , who came of man without woman ; the third in Christ , who came not of man but woman : the fourth in us , who came both of man and woman . For the first , as he had from Earth his Creation , so it shewed the weaknesse of his composition , the vilenesse of his condition , with the certainty of his dissolution . For the second , as she had from man her forming , so it figured their firmenesse of union , inseparable communion , and inviolable affection . For the third , as he came only of woman , so he promised by the Seed of the woman , to bruise the Serpents head , who had deceived woman , and restore man to the state of grace , from which he had fallen by meanes of a woman . For the fourth , as we came both from man and woman , so we bring with us into the world that Originall sinne , which we derive both from man and woman , the sting whereof cannot be rebated , but only through 〈◊〉 , who became man borne of a woman . But in this great worke of our Creation , we are not to observe so much the matter , as quality and nature of our Creation . For the matter of our Creation , or that whereof we be composed , what is it but vile earth , slime and corruption ? So as , howsoever we appeare beautifull , specious and amiable in the sight of man , whose eye is fixed on the externall part , yet when the oile of our Lampe is consumed , and wee to dust and ashes reduced , we shall deserve no better inscription than this ; Behold a specious and pretious shrine covering a stinking corps ! Wherefore ought wee to observe the internall part , and the especiall glory wee receive by it : for hereby are we distinguished in the quality of our Creation , from all other creatures , who governe their actions by Sense onely , and not by Reason . Hence it was that , that divine Philosopher gave God thankes for three especiall bounties conferred on him : First was , For that God had created him a reasonable creature , and no brute beast ; Secondly , For creating him a man , and no woman ; Thirdly , For that he was a Grecian , and no Barbarian . This it was which moved that blessed and learned Father Saint Augustine to breake out into this passionate rapsodie of spirit . Thy hand could ( O Lord ) have created me a stone , or a Bird , or a Serpent , or some brute beast : and this it knew , but it would not for thy goodnesse sake . This it was which forced from that devout and zealous Father this emphaticall discourse or intercourse rather with God ; who upon a time walking in his garden , and beholding a little worme creeping and crawling upon the ground , presently used these words ; Deare Lord , thou might'st have made me like this Worme , a crawling despicable creature , but thou would'st not , and it was thy mercy that thou would'st not ; O , as thou has● ennobled me with the Image of thy selfe , make me conformable to thy self , that of a worm I may become an angel ; of a vassall of sin ▪ a vessell of Sion , of a shell of corruption , a Star of glory in thy heavenly mansion . And in truth , there is nothing which may move us to a more serious consideration of Gods gracious affection towards us , than the very image which we carry about us : preferring us not only before all the rest of his creatures in soveraignty and dominion , but also in an amiable similitude , feature , and proportion ; whereby we become not only equall , but even superiour unto Angells , because Man was God , and God Man , and no Angell . To whom are wee then to make recourse to , as the Author of our Creation , save God , whose hand hath made and fashioned us , whose grace hath ever since directed and prevented us , and whose continued love ( for whom he loveth , he loveth unto the end ) hath ever extended it selfe in ample manner towards us ? How frivolous then and ridiculous were their opinions , who ascribed the Creation of all things to the Elements , as Anaximenes to the piercing Aire ; Hippeas to the fleeting Water ; Zeno to the purifying Fire ; Zenophanes to the lumpish Earth ? How miserably were these blinded , and how notably evinced by that learned Father , who speaking in the persons of all these Elements , and of all other his good creatures , proceedeth in this sort ? I tooke my compasse , ( saith he , speaking to God ) in the survey of all things , seeking thee , and for all things relinquishing my selfe . I asked the Earth if it were my god , and it said unto me that it was not , and all things in it confessed the same . I asked the Sea , and the depths , and the creeping things in them , and they answered , we are not thy god , seeke him above us . I asked the breathing Aire , and the whole Aire , with all the inhabitants thereof made answer : Anaximenes is deceived , I am not thy God. I asked the Heaven , Sun , Moone and Stars : neither are wee thy god , answered they . And I spake to all these who stand about the gates of my flesh , tell me what you know concerning my god , tell mee something of him : and they cryed out with a great voice , He made us . Then I asked the whole Frame and fabricke of this World , tell me if thou be my god ? and it answered with a strong voyce , I am not , said it , but by him I am , whom thou seekest in mee , hee it was that made mee , seeke him above me , who governeth me , who made me . The interrogation of the creatures is the profound consideration of them , and their answer the witnesse they beare of God , because all things cry , God hath made us : for as the Apostle saith , the invisible things of God are visibly to be understood by those things which are made , by the creatures of the world . Thus wee understand the Author of our Creation , of whom seriously to meditate , and with due reverence to contemplate , is to die to all earthly cogitations , which delude the sinne-belulled soule with extravagancies . And let this suffice for the first Memoriall or Consideration , to wit , who it was that made us ; we are now to descend to the second particular , which is , for what end he made us . He who rested not till he had composed and disposed in an absolute order of this Vniverse , proposed us an example that we should imitate : So long as we are Pilgrims here on earth ; so long as we are Sojourners in this world , wee may not enjoy our spirituall Sabbath ; wee may stay a little and breath under the Crosse , after the example of our best Master , but rest wee may not . For what end then did he make us ? That we might live such lives as may please him , and die such deaths as may praise him ; lives blamelesse and unreproveable ; lives sanctified throughout , pure without blemish , fruitfull in example , plentifull in all holy duties , and exercised in the workes of charitie , that he who begetteth in us both the Will and the Worke , may present us blamelesse at his comming . Now , that our lives may become acceptable unto him , to whose glory they ought to be directed , we are in this Taberna●le of clay to addresse our selves to those studies , exercises and labours , which may benefit the Church or Common-weale , ministring matter unto others of imitation , to our soules of consolation , and in both to Gods name of glorification : Wherein appeareth a maine difference betwixt the Contemplative and Active part : for sufficient it is not to know , acknowledge and confesse the divine Majesty ; to dispute or reason upon high points touching the blessed Trinitie ; to be rapt up to the third heaven ( as it were ) by the wings of Contemplation ; but to addresse our selves to an actuall performance of such offices and peculiar duties , as we are expresly injoyned by the divine Law of God. Our Lord in the Gospell , when the woman said , Blessed is the wombe that bare thee , and the brests that gave thee sucke : Answered , Yea , rather blessed are they that heare the word of God , and keepe it . And when one of the Iewes told him that his mother and brethren stood without , desiring to speake with him ; He answered , and said unto him , that told him , Who is my mother ? and who are my brethren ? And stretching forth his hand toward his Disciples , he said , Behold my mother and my brethren : For whosoever shall doe the will of my Father which is in heaven , the same is my brother , and sister , and mother . It is not knowledge then , but practice which presents us blamelesse before God. Therefore are we exhorted to worke out our salvation with feare and trembling . Not to idle out our time in the market-place , as such who make their life a repose or cessation from all labours , studies , or vertuous intendments . Of which sort those are , ( and too many of those there are ) who advanced to great fortunes by their provident Ancestors , imagine it a Taske worthy men of their places , to passe their time in pastime , and imploy their dayes in an infinite consumption of mis-spent houres , for which they must be accomptants in that great Assize , where neither greatnesse shall be a subt●●●●g to guiltinesse , nor their descent plead privilege for those many houres they have mis-spent . O how can they answer for so many vaine and fruitlesse pleasures , which they have enjoyed , and with all greedinesse embraced in this life ? Many they shall have to witnesse against them , none to answer for them : for their Stoves , Summer arbours , Refectories , and all other places wherein they enjoyed the height of delight , shall be produced against them , to tax them of sensuall living , and witnesse against them their small care of observing the end for which they were made . O Gentlemen , you whose hopes are promising , your more excellent endowments assuring , and your selves as patternes unto others appearing , know , that this Perfection whereof we now intreat , is not acquired by idling or sensuall delighting of your selves in carnall pleasures , which darken and eclypse the glory or lustre of the soule , but in labouring to mortifie the desires of the flesh , which is ever levying and levelling her forces against the spirit ! Now this Mortification can never be attained by obeying , but resisting and impugning the desires of the flesh . Wherefore , the onely meanes to bring the flesh to perfect subjection , is to crosse her in those delights which shee most affecteth . Doth she delight in sleepe and rest ? keepe her waking ; takes she content in meats and drinkes ? keepe her craving ; takes she solace in company ? use her to privacie and retiring ; takes shee liking to ease ? inure her to labouring : Briefly , in whatsoever shee is delighted , let her be alwayes thwarted ; so shall you enjoy the most rest , when she enjoyes the least . Hence it was that Saint Ierome , that excellent patterne of holy discipline , counselleth the holy Virgin Demetrias , to eschew idlenesse : exhorting her withall , that having done her prayers , shee should take in hand wooll and weaving , after the commendable example of Dorcas , that by such change or variety of workes , the day might seeme lesse tedious , and the assaults of Satan lesse grievous . Neither did this divine Father advise her to worke , because she was in poverty , or by this meanes to sustaine her family ; for she was one of the most noble and eminent women in Rome , and richest ; wherefore her want was not the cause which pressed him to this exhortation , but this rather , that by this occasion of exercising herselfe in these laudable and decent labour , she should thinke of nothing , but such as properly pertained unto the service of God : which place he concludeth in this manner . I speake generally , no rayment , ornament , or habit whatsoever shall seeme precious in Christs sight ; but that which thou makest thy selfe , either for thine owne peculiar use , or example of other Virgins , or to give unto thy grand-mother , or thy mother , no , though thou distribute all thy goods unto the poore . See how expresly this noble woman was injoyned to her taske , that by intending herselfe to labour , shee might give lesse way unto errour . Certainly , as mans extremity is Gods opportunity , so the Devils opportunity is mans security : we are then principally to take heed lest we give way to the incursion of Satan , by our security of life and conversation . And what is it that begetteth this security , but Idlenesse , which may be termed , and not improperly , the Soules Lethargie ? For nothing can be more opposite to this Actuall Perfection , than restor vacancy ; we say , vertue consisteth in Action ; how then may we be said to be favourers , followers , or furtherers of vertue , when wee surcease from Action , which is the life , light , and subsistence of vertue ? Wherfore , as it is little to reade or gather , but to understand and to reduce to forme what we reade , gather or understand ; for this is the ornament of Art , the argument of labour : so it is little or to no purpose , that wee know , conceive or apprehend , unlesse we make a fruitfull use of that knowledge by serious practice , to the benefit of our selves and others . I have knowne divers Physitians , some whereof were of great practice , but small reading ; others of great reading , but small practice ; and I have heard sundry men of sufficient judgement confidently averre , that in cases of necessity they had rather hazard their lives in the hand of the Practicke than Theoricke : and their reason was this ; though the Practick had not exercised himselfe in the perusall of bookes , he had gained him experience in the practice of cures ; and that the body of his patient was the onely booke within his Element . To which assertion I will neither assent , nor wholly dissent ; for as he that practiseth before he know , may sooner kill than cure ; so he who knoweth , and seldome or never practiseth , must of necessity , to get him experience , kill before he cure . But sure I am , that many ignorant Lay-men , whose knowledge was little more than what nature bestowed on them , by means of regular discipline , and powerfull subduing of their owne affections , have become absolute men ; being such as reached to as high a pitch of Actuall Perfection , as ever the learned'st or profoundest man in the world attained : for it is neither knowledge nor place , but the free gift of Gods grace , which enableth the spirituall man to this Perfection . Now , forasmuch as not to goe forward , is to goe backward ; and that there be two Solstices in the Suns motion , but none in times revolution , or in a Christians progression : the only meanes to attaine this Actuall Perfection , at least some small measure or degree therein , is every night to haue our Ephemerides about with us , examining our selves what we have done that day ; how far we have profited , wherein benefited our spirituall knowledge . Againe , wherein have we reformed our life , or expressed our love to Christ by communicating to the necessitie of his Saints . By which means , we shall in short time observe what remaines unreformed ; esteeming it the sweetest life , every day to better our life . But principally , are we to looke to our affections which rise and rage in us ; and like the Snake in the fable , pester and disturbe the inner house of man : for these are they , which ( as Saint Basil saith ) rise up in a drunken man ( drunke I meane with all spirituall fornication ) like a swarme of Bees buzzing on every side . When the affections of men are troubled , they change them like Circes cups , from men to beasts . Neither is it so ill to be a beast , as for man to live like a beast . O then , let us have an eye to our affections ; let them be planted , where they may be duly seasoned ! Earth makes them distastefull ; let them be fixed then in heaven , the only thought whereof will cause them to be delightfull . And to conclude this branch ; it will not be amisse for us , to counterpoize our affections ( if wee finde them at any time irregular ) with weights of contrary nature ; as if we finde our selves naturally affected to Pride ( that Luciferian sinne ) to counterpoise it with motives of Humilitie ; as the vilenesse of our condition , basenesse of our composition , and weaknesse of our constitution : or naturally inclined to Covetousnesse ( that Mammons sin ) to give , though the gift afflict vs , liberally , that our forced bounty may in time weane us from our in-bred misery : if of grating oppression , or grinding extortion ( that Ahabs sin ) let us make restitution with good Zacheus , and though we cannot doe it so frankly as he did , yet let us doe it as freely as we may ; that our restitution may in some sort answer for our former oppression : if of excesse in fare and gluttony ( that Dives sinne ) let us so moderate our delight in feeding , that our delight may be to sustaine Nature , and not oppresse her with exceeding : if of Lust or sensuality ( that Ammons sinne ) where that sin may abound , the Sense is obey'd , let us subject all our delights to the government of reason , and reason to the soveraignty of grace , that the flesh may be resisted in what it most affecteth , and in that seconded , wherein it least delighteth : if of Envie , ( that Serpentin● sinne ) let us entertaine brotherly love , for Envie can beare no sway where Love raigneth : if of Wrath ( that Cains sin ) embrace Patience ; so shall Fury be suppressed , where Patience is lodged : if of Sloth , ( the Sluggards sinne ) let us inure our selves to some Exercise that may most delight us , so in time wee may become exercised in Taskes of greater difficultie : being first from Sloth weaned , afterwards to greater labours inured . Thus to fight were to vanquish ; thus to enter lists , were to reape spirituall solace ; for through him should we triumph , who sees us fighting , cheeres us failing , and crownes us conquering . And this shall suffice to have been spoken of the Active part of Perfection , purposing according to our former method , to compare the Contemplative and Active together ; the parts or properties of both which being duly examined , it shall more plainly appeare how the Active is to be preferred . IT is a barren faith , we say , that is not attended on by good workes ; and no lesse fruitlesse is that knowledge which is exercised only in Contemplation , and never in Action . We are therefore with Elizeus to have a double spirit ; a spirit that as well doeth , as teacheth ; not only a profering of words , but also an offering of works . So as , it is not breathing or moving , or talking , which argue a spirituall life ; but abounding plentifully in all holy duties , expressing those effectuall and powerfull fruits of a living faith by workes of charity and obedience , which may any way tend to the glorifying of God , edifying our neighbour , or conforming our selves to him , whose Image we beare . Now , as there is no confort comparable to the testimony of a good conscience , being that inseparable companion which shall attend us to glory or confusion 〈◊〉 there is no punishment , torment or affliction so grievous as shame ; which deriveth the cause , ground , and beginning , either from doing that which we ought not , or from not doing that which we ought : as the comfort we reape from the testimony of a good conscience , deriveth properly the primary cause and effect from doing that which we ought , and abstaining from doing that which wee ought not . And what be those works which are principally commended unto us , but works of charitie and devotion ? For to our owne soules ( saith a devout Father ) shall we be right acceptable and gratefull , if we compassionate the estate of our poore brother , by being mercifull : yea , there is nothing that commendeth more a Christian man , or argueth a Christian-like affected minde , than to shew compassion to those that are afflicted . For in this there is a resemblance betwixt the Creature and Creator , loving , as he himselfe loved ; shewing compassion , as hee shewed . O let me commend this so commendable and generous a quality , to your admittance , Gentlemen ! for beleeve mee , there is no one property that shall better accomplish you , no armory that may more truly deblazon you : for it is a badge of Gentry to shew compassion towards misery . What profit shall you reape , if having only superficially read some Treatise tending to the comfort of such as are either in body afflicted , or in minde perplexed , or in both distressed ; if you apply not these directions of comfort to them thus miserably dejected ? What reward , I say , shall you receive , upon the account by you given , of the Sicke which you have visited ; when having knowne how to comfort men in their affliction , you have not ministred the least comfort to them in their visitation ? Or when you shall be demanded , where are the hungrie which you have refreshed , the thirstie whose thirst you have quenched , the naked whom you have cloathed , the miserable oppressed soule whose case you have not 〈◊〉 pitied but redressed ? And you shall answer , how you did indeed visit them , but minister small comfort unto them ; you knew them to be oppressed , and the way to redresse them , but other occasions detained you , as you could not releeve them : Nay rather , have you not added worme-wood to their affliction ? Have you not surfetted in their suffering , fatned your selves in their famishing , and raised your states by their ruine ? Were not your tables stored , when they were starved ; did not you feast , when they fasted ; did it not affect you to see them afflicted ? If at any time you felt this in your selves , let the dolefull remembrance thereof produce torrents of teares from your distreaming eyes ; supply your manifold misdeeds with many almes-deeds ; your transgressions with compassions ; your oppression with foure-fold restitution ; that your sin may no more be had in remembrance : yea , let me use that exhortation to you , which a learned Father used upon like occasion ; Let charitie smite your bowels ; see not the Image of your Redeemer disgraced , but forth with labour to right him ; see him not oppressed , but to your power redresse him ; see him not starve , if you have bread to releeve him ; or thirsty , if you have drinke to refresh him ; or naked , if you have a garment to cloath him ; or in any sort distressed , if you have meanes to succour him . Oh consume not that on prodigality , which might procure the prayers of many poore soules for you ! their prayers are your praises ; their morning and evening sacrifice , way-marks to direct you unto Paradise : take heed then you offend none of these Little ones , but cheere them ; be not as thornes in their eyes , or prickes in their sides , but minister all necessary comfort unto them . Now , if this appeare a matter of difficultie , pretending that the supportance of your state exacts so much of you , as you can reserve nothing to exhibite upon these workes of charity ; heare me whosoever thou 〈◊〉 makest this objection : Be provoked , O Christian , be provoked by the widow of Sarepta to this encounter ! Encounter I call it , because the flesh suggests sundry occasions to avert thee from it . That charitable widow , though shee had but a little meale , shee imparted of that little to a Prophet ; though shee had but a little Oile , yet shee freely bestowed it to refresh a Prophet . The woman of Samaria , when Iesus said unto her , Give me to drinke , answered ; How is it that thou being a Iew , askest drinke of me , which am a woman of Samaria ? Sundrie such like answers will flesh and bloud make , to dispence with workes of Charitie : or like the answer of churlish Nabal ; Who is David , and who is the sonne of Iesse ? There be many servants now adayes , that breake away every man from his master : Shall I then take my bread and my water , and my flesh which I have killed for my Shearers , and give it unto men , whom I know not whence they be ? O let not these objections divert the current of thy compassion ! Eye not so much his Countrey , whether neighbour-borne , or a stranger , as his Countenance , the expresse Image of thy Saviour . But to descend to some reasons , why the Active part of Perfection is to be preferred before the Contemplative ; this amongst others is the most effectuall and impregnable . In that great day of Account , when the sealed booke of our secretest sinnes shall be unsealed , our privatest actions discovered , our closest and subtillest practices displayed , and the whole inside of man uncased ; it shall not be demanded of us , what knew we , but what did we . Fitting therefore it were to prefer Action before Knowledge in this life , being so infallibly to be preferred after this life . Howbeit , greater is their shame , and sharper ( doubtlesse ) shall be their censure , whose education in all Arts divine and humane hath enabled them for discourse , fitted or accommodated them for managements publike or private ; yet they , giving reines to liberty , invert their knowledge to depraved ends , either making no use of such noble and exquisite indowments , or which is worse , imploying them to the satisfaction of their owne illimited desires . O happy had these beene , if they had never knowne the excellence of learning , for ignorance is to be preferred before knowledge loosely perverted ! Yea but , will some object , I cannot see how any one should observe a Law before they know it ; wherefore , as I thinke , Knowledge is to be preferred , because by Knowledge is Action directed . It is true indeed , Knowledge directs and instructs , for otherwise we should grope in darknesse ; neither doe I exclude all Knowledge , but admit so much as may instruct man sufficiently in matters of faith ; put him in remembrance of heaven , whose joyes are ineffable ; of Hell , whose pains are intollerable ; of the last judgement , whose sentence is irrevocable . So as I exclude only this grosse ignorance , or blinde Paganisme , for to these is the way to heaven closed , because they are divided from that light , without which the celestial way cannot be discerned . Wheras then I have so much insisted heretofore upon the Contemplative part of Perfection ; my ayme was to shew how those , who continued in a Contemplative and solitary life , sequestring themselves from the cares and company of this world , doubtlesly conceived ineffable comfort in that sweet retirement : yet in regard they lived not in the world , the world was not bettered by their example . But in this Active Perfection , where the Active part no lesse than Contemplative is required , we intend those who doe not only know , but doe ▪ and in the Actions of this life , use to make their Lights so shine before men , that they may see their good workes . Yea but , it may be againe objected , all sinnes be properly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and beare the name of ignorance ; how then may wee exclude any knowledge ? Every Sinne indeed implyes an ignorance of the creature towards the Creator ; which ignoran●● imports rather a forgetfulnesse . For admit a man should steale , commit perjury , or any such act contrary to the expresse will and commandement of God ; it were to be imagined , that this breach or transgression of the divine Law , proceeded not of ignorance : for he could not chuse but know , that consent to any of these incurred the breach of his Law : but rather it may be said , he had not God before his eyes , but out of a wilfull forgetfulnesse , violated the ordinances of God. But to conclude this Branch in a word , the Active is to be preferred before the Contemplative , for two respects ; The first whereof hath relation to our selves ; The second to others . To our selves ; having account to make for the Actions of our life ; how we have imployed or bestowed those Talents which he hath lent us ; what use , profit , or benefit we have made of them ; in what spirituall affaires have we beene exercised , in what holy duties trained ! Have we not preferred private profit before the testimony of a good conscience ? Have we not laboured to inhaunce our means by sinister and indirect courses ? Have wee not withdrawne our hand from releeving our needfull brother , or defrauded the labourer of his wages ? Have wee not consorted with the evill doer , and encouraged him in his sinne ? Have we not hindred some pious worke tending to the honour of God , and imitable for example of others ? Have we propagated the Gospel , comforted Sion when shee mourned , repaired those breaches which were in her , and received those in peace which blessed her ? Have we only sought the kingdome of God , and the righteousnesse thereof ; esteemed godlinesse to be great riches ; left our selves and all , to be followers of him who gave us dominion over all ? If we have done this , as we are here in the Alpha of grace , we shall be there in the Omega of glory : here initiate , there consummate ; but having knowne the will of our Father , and done it not ; read principles or instructions of a good life , and observ'd them not ; conversant in deepe mysteries , and applied them not ; studied in all Arts and Sciences , and practised them not ; how miserable is our knowledge , pronouncing on us a heavier judgement ! Wherefore in respect of our selves , whether our knowledge be great or little , if our conversation be not in heaven , though our habitation , during our Pilgrimage , be on earth ; our knowledge is but as a tinckling Cymball , and shall smally availe us before the high Tribunall . For knew we the power and vertue of all creatures , of all plants and vegetive bodies , from the Cedar of Lebanon , to the Hyssop upon the wall , yet were this knowledge fruitlesse , being not seconded by a life conformable to that knowledge . § . Secondly , in respect of others ; Action is the life of man , and example the direction of his life . How much then doe such men prejudice those who live in the world , that betake themselves to a private or retired life , estranged from humane societie , and ending their dayes in some solitary cave , as men divided from the world ! For howsoever their manner of life be religious , their discipline strict and rigorous , and in their devotion fervent and zealous ; yet they deprive others of the benefit , which they might reape by their example . Wherefore most safe and sure it is ( to use the words of a judicious Author ) for those who have a desire to take upon them a solitary life , to retire and withdraw their affections before they withdraw their bodies from the world , and to force the world to flie from their minde , before they flie the world ; lest going out of the world , they carry about with them the world . For as he may live ill , who liveth apart from the societie of men ; even so , though they flie not into the wildernesse , yet may they flie the world , and amidst the crowd of people live solitary by an inward contemplation of the supernall glory ; and in midst of a clamorous Court conferre with themselves , and converse with God : in the meane time , whatsoever they know or can doe , that may any way tend to the common good , benefit or utilitie of humane societie , to effect it accordingly , and not bury that talent in the ground , which they have received from above ; which rule they are to observe after the example of the most holy and excellent men of both Orders , Ecclesiasticall ( I say ) and Secular . Thus farre have wee proceeded in the examination or discussion of these two especiall parts of Perfection , Contemplative and Active ; wherein by manifest and infallible arguments wee have proved , how the Active part is to be preferred , both in respect of our selves and others ; because a life well acted shall minister most comfort to our selves , besides that light of example which it yeelds unto others . Now as the Active is preferred , it resteth that wee shew you wherein this active part of perfection consisteth ; which discovered , that whereof wee treat , and would gladly finde , may be the sooner attained . THere is no building , which , as it relies on a foundation , consists not of some materiall composition ; no body but it consists of nerves , arteries or sinewes , which cement the lineaments together ; no confection which consists not of some simples , for otherwise it were not mixed , but simple and uncompounded . The like may be said of this choice and exquisite Confection , this Active part ( I meane ) of perfection . For as all Rivers tend to the Sea , to make one Ocean ; all Creatures to make one Vniverse ; so all Vertues aime at Perfection , which once attained , they surcease from action . Now in this discourse of Active perfection , the period of Man , wee doe not meane of that absolute perfection or accomplishment , which admitteth no blemish or imperfection : for wee are to seeke that above us , not below us ; for our righteousnesse , justice , and perfection is such in this life , as it rather consisteth in the remission of sinnes , than perfection of vertues . Yea we sinne daily ; so as properly wee can attribute nothing to our owne strength but weaknesse , to our owne abilitie but infirmnesse , to our resolves but uncertainnesse , to our wills but untowardnesse , to our affections but depravednesse , nor to the whole progresse of our lives but actuall disobedience . But rather ( I say ) wee meane of that Christian perfection , which every one in this Tabernacle of clay is to labour for ; that wee may become perfect through him , who became weake that wee might be strengthned , hungry that wee might be nourished , thirsty that wee might be refreshed , disgraced that wee might be honoured ; yea , who became all unto all , that by all meanes he might gaine some . But wherein may this Actuall perfection be properly said to consist ? In Mortification ; which like the swift gliding torrent of Hydaspes , divides or dilates it selfe to two channels ; Action , and Affection : Action in expressing it ; Affection in desiring to expresse it Action in suffering ; Affection in desire of suffering . The one actuating no lesse in will , than the other in worke . Where the Action being more exemplar , and in that more fruitfull , gives precedencie to Affection , which concurres with the act to make the worke more graciously powerfull . For , where a worke of Mortification is performed , and a heartie desire or affection to that worke is not adjoyned , that Action may be properly said to be enforced , rather than out of a free or willing disposition accepted . Now this two-fold Mortification extends it selfe properly to these three Subjects ; Life , Name , Goods . Life , which even Humanitie tendreth ; Name , which a good man before the sweetest odours preferreth ; Goods , on which the worldling , as on the Supreme good , relieth . For the first , many excellent and memorable examples of sundry devout and constant servants of Christ Iesus , are in every place frequent and obvious ; who for the confirmation of their faith , and the testimonie of a good conscience , joyfully and cheerefully laid downe their lives , esteeming it an especiall glory to be thought worthy to suffer for him , who with all constancie suffered , to become an example of patience to them : which were easie to illustrate by the sufferings of many eminent and glorious Martyrs . Prudentius writeth , that when Asclepiades commanded the tormentors to strike Romanus on the mouth , the meeke Martyr answered ; I thanke thee , O Captaine , that thou hast opened unto me many mouthes , whereby I may preach my Lord and Saviour : Tot ●ece laudant ora , quot sunt vulnera : Looke how many wounds I have , so many mo●thes I have to praise and laud the Lord. Ignatius words were these , to witnesse his constancie at the time of his suffering : Frumentum sum Christi , & per dentes bes●earum molor , ut mundus panis Dei inveniar . I am Christs corne , and must be grownd by the teeth of wilde beasts , that I may become pure manchet for the Lord. It is reported that blessed Laurence , being laid upon the Grediron , used these words to his Tormentors : Turne and cut , it is enough . Saint Andrew , when he went to be crucified , was so rapt with joy , as hee rejoyced unmeasurably in that blessed resemblance of his Masters death . Blessed Bartholomew willingly lost his skin for his sake , who had his skinne scourged , that hee might be solaced . Iohn dranke a Cup of po●son , to pledge his Master in a cup of affliction . Thus Laurences Gridiron , Andrewes Crosse , Bartholomews Skin , Iohns Cup , expressed their Mortification , by a willing surrender of their life , for his sake , who was the Lord of life : Yea , should we survey those strange invented torments , during the bloudy issue of the ten Persecutions , which were contrived by those inhumane Assacinates , whose hands were deepe-died in the bloud of the Saints , wee should no lesse admire the constancie of the persecuted suffering , than the cruelty of the Persecutors inflicting : What rackes , hookes , harrowes , tongs , forkes , stakes were purposely provided to torment the constant and resolute Professours of the truth , wearying the tormentors rather with tormenting , than abating any part of their constancie in the height and heat of their tormenting : Yea , they were solaced in the time when they suffered ; esteeming * death to be such a passage , as might give them convoy to a more glorious heritage . Neither did these blessed Professors of the faith , receive comfort by the eye of their meditation firmely fixed on heaven , but by the compassion and princely commiseration of divers eminent and victorious Emperours bearing soveraignty then on earth . Constantine the Great used to kisse the eye of Paphnutius , which was bored out in M●●ciminus time . The like noble and princely compassion we reade to have beene shewed by Titus , Trajan , Theodosius , and many other Princes graciously affected towards the poore afflicted and persecuted Christians : Yea , God moved the hearts of those , who naturally are most remorselesse or obdurate , in commiserating the estate of his afflicted . Which may appeare by the Iaylor in the Acts , who washed Saint Pauls stripes and wounds . O how comfortable were these passions or passages of affliction ; these tortures or torments , the trophies of their persecution ▪ The blessed memoriall whereof shall extend the date of time , receiving a crowne of him , who is the length of dayes . So , as King Alexanders Stagges were knowne an hundred yeares together by those golden collars , which by the Kings commandement were put about their neckes ; or as King Arthurs bodie being taken up somewhat more than six hundred yeares after his death , was knowne to be his by nothing so much , as by the prints of ten severall wounds which appeared in his skull ; so these glorious stampes of their passion , shall appeare as trophies to them in the day of exaltation ; because , as they lost their lives for the testimony of the Gospell , they shall finde them recorded in the booke of life , receiving the crowne of consolation , for the deep draught which they tooke of the cup of affliction . And reason there is , we should disvalue our l●ves for the profession of our faith , since forlorne and miserable is his life , that is without faith . For if the Heathen , whose future hopes were fixed on posterity , and not so much as the least knowledge of eternity , dis-esteemed their lives to gaine them renowne , or propagate their countries glory ; much more cause have we to subject our lives to the censure of death , having hope after death to live in glory . It is reported ; that the body of Cadwallo , an antient King of the Britains , being embalmed and dressed with sweet confections , was put into a brazen image , and set upon a brazen horse over Ludgate , for a terror to the Saxons : and Zisca , the valiant Captaine of the Bohemians , commanded that after his decease his skin should be flayed from his bodie , to make a drum , which they should use in their battels , affirming that as soone as the Hurgarians ▪ or any other Enemies , should heare the sound of that drum , they would not abide but take their flight . This moved Scipio to appoint his Sepulcher to be so placed , as his image standing upon it , might looke directly towards Africa , that being dead , he might still be a terrour to the Carthaginians . If respect of Pagans to their Country , or an eye to popular glory did so inflame them , as their Countries love exceeded their love of life , surviving in their death , and leaving monuments of their affection after death : how lightly are we to value the glory of this life , if the losse thereof may advance our Fathers glory ; or ought tending to the conservation of this life , being assured by him , whose promises faile not , by such a small losse , to gaine eternity ? Now , as it is not the death , but the cause of the death , which makes the Martyr ; we are to know , that to die in the maintenance of any heretical opinion is Pseudo-martyrdom : for howsoever those Arrians , Manichees and Pelagians ; those Macedonians , Eutichees and Nestorians ; yea , generally all Hereticks were constant and resolute enough in seconding and maintaining their erroneous opinions : yet forasmuch as the cause , for which they contended , was Heresie , tend it might to their confusion , but never to their glory : for as honey-combes ( saith learned Tertullian ) are by Waspes composed , so are Churches by the Marcionists ( and consequently by all Heretickes ) disposed : in whose Synodals or conventicles , many thousands are perverted , none converted , or to the Church of Christ faithfully espoused . Whereas Truth , which may be pressed , but not oppressed , assailed , but never soiled , like the greene Bay-tree in the midst of hoarie winter , or a fresh Spring in the sandy desart , appeares most glorious , when her adversaries are most malicious ; bearing ever a countenance most cheerefull , when her assailants are most dreadfull . Neither only in this glorious act of Martyrdome , but in all inferiour workes , the affection of the minde , as well as the action of the man , is to be considered : for God himselfe , who hath an eye rather to the intention than action , will not approve of a good worke done , unlesse it be well done . As for example ; when the Pharisie fasted , prayed , gave almes , and payed tithe of all that he possessed , he did good works , but he did not those good workes well : the reason was , he exalted himselfe in his workes , without attributing praise unto him , who is the beginner and perfecter of every good worke : for his fas●s were hypocriticall and not of devotion , his prayers ineffectuall , because they sounded of Ostentation , his almes unacceptable , because exhibited only for obseruation , and his 〈◊〉 abominable , being given to celour his secret oppression : for which cause did our 〈◊〉 pronounce a woe upon them , saying , Woe unto you Pharisies ; for 〈◊〉 tithe Mint and Rue , and all manner of herbes , and passe 〈◊〉 ●●dgement and the love of God : these ought yee to have done , and not to leave the other vndone . Whence it appears , that the worke it selfe was approved , but the manner of doing it reproved ; for that they preferred the tithing of 〈◊〉 and Rue before the judgement and love of God ; yea , so they preferred it , as the one was performed , while the other of more serious and consequent importance was omitted . Whence we are cautioned , that in our workes of Mortification , we doe nothing for any sinister or by-respect ; but only for the glory of God , to whom , as all our Actions are properly directed , so are they to have relation onely unto him , if we desire to have them accepted . Is it so , that this Actuall Perfection is to be acquired by Mortification , wherein is required not only the action but affection ? And that we are even to lay downe our lives , if the cause so require , to promote the glory of our Maker ? Tell me then , Gentlemen , how farre have yee proceeded in this spirituall progresse ? Have yee unfainedly desired to further the honour of God , repaire the ruines of Sion , and engage your owne lives for the testimony of a good conscience ? have ye fought the Lords battell , and opposed your selves against the enemies of the Truth ? Have yee shut the doore of your chamber , the doore of your inner Parlour , I meane your heart , from the entrance of all earthly affections , sensuall cogitations , and expressed true arguments of Mortification , the sooner to attaine this high degree of Christian Perfection ? Have yee made a covenant with your eyes not to looke after the strange woman , a covenant ( I meane ) with your hearts never to lust after her ? Have ye weaned your itching and bewitching humours , from affecting forraine and out-landish fashions , which howsoever they be to fashion conformed , they make man of all others most deformed ? Have ye done with your reere-suppers , midnight revels , Curtaine pleasures , and Courting of Pictures ? Have yee left frequenting Court-maskes , Tilt-triumphs and enterludes ; boasting of young Ladies favours , glorying more in the purchase of a glove , than a Captaine in the surprizall of a Fort ? Have yee cashiered all those Companions of death , those seducing Consorts of misery , and betaken your selves to the acquaintance of good men , conceiving a setled joy in their society ? O then thrice happy you ! for having honoured God , he will honour you ; having repaired the ruines of Sion , he will place you in his heavenly Sion ; or engaged your lives for the testimony of a good Conscience , hee will invite you to that Continuall feast of a peaceable Conscience ; or fought the Lords battell , hee will say you have fought a good fight , crowning you after your victory on earth , with glory in heaven ; or shut the doore of your Chamber , and kept the roome cleane and sweet for your Maker , he will come in and sup with you , that you may rejoyce together ; or made a covenant with your eyes not to look after the strange woman , with those eyes yee shall hehold him , who put enmitie between the Serpent and the Woman ; or weaned your itching and bewitching humours from affecting Out-landish fashions , madding after phantasticke habits ( for * stuffe it skils not , whether silken or woollen , so the fashion be civill and not wanton ) you shal be cloathed in long white roabes , and follow the Lambe wheresoever he goeth ; or done with your mid-night revels , and Court pleasures , you shall be filled with the pleasures of the Lords house , and abide in his Courts for ever ; or left frequenting Maskes , Tilt-triumphs and Enterludes , the glorious Spectacles of vanity , you shall be admitted to those angelicall triumphs , singing heavenly Hymnes to the God of glory ; or cashier'd those companions of death ▪ whose end is misery , you shall have the Saints for your companions , and share with them in the Covenant of mercy . Doe yee not hence observe what inestimable comforts are reserved for those who are truly mortified ? mortified , I say , in respect of your contempt to the world , which is expressed by ceasing to love it , before you leave it . Who would not then disvalue this life , and all those bitter sweets , which this fraile life affordeth , to possesse those incomparable sweets which every faithfull soule enjoyeth ? Yea , but our silken worldling , or delicate Wormeling will object ; this discipline is too strict for flesh and bloud to follow . Who can endure to yeeld his head to the blocke , or his body to the faggot , when the very sight of death in another , ministers to the beholder motives of terror ? Surely , this is nothing , to him that duely considereth , how hee that loseth his life shall save it , but he that saveth his life shall lose it . What is a minutes anguish to an eternity of solace ? Wee can endure the launcing or searing of a putrified member , and this endures as long as our time of wrastling with our Dissolution , which brings us to our Saviour : nor skils it much , what kinde of death wee die , seeing no kinde of death can hurt the righteous , be the terrors and torments of death never so numerous . The way then to contemne death , is to expect it , and so to prepare our selves for it , as if we were this very houre to encounter it ; resolving never to goe with that conscience to our bed , with which we durst not goe to our grave ; being so uncertaine whether before the next morne wee shall be taken out of our bed , and shrouded for our grave . And this shall suffice touching our Mortification or Contempt of life , if with such a sacrifice wee may be thought worthy to honour him , who gave us life . We are now to speake of Mortification in respect of name or report ; wherein , you are to understand , that this is two-fold : First , in turning our eares from such as praise us ; Secondly , in hearing with patience such as revile us . For the first , it is and hath beene ever the condition of sober and discreet men to avert their eare from their owne praises ; at least with a modest passing over such vertues as were commendable in them : which modesty appeared in Alphonsus Prince of Aragons answer to an Orator , who having repeated a long Panegyricall oration in his praise , replied , If that thou hast said consent with truth , I thanke God for it ; if not , I pray God grant me grace that I may doe it . Others likewise we reade of , who could not with patience endure their persons or actions to be praised above truth : this princely passion appeared in Alexander , who hearing Aristobulus , a famous Greek Historian , read his writings purposely penned upon the memorable acts he had atchieved , wherein he commended him farre above truth : being mightily incensed therewith , threw the booke into the river , as he was sailing over Hydaspes , saying withall , he was almost moved to send Aristobulus after . Neither indeed will any wise man endure to heare himselfe praised above truth , seeing , no lesse aspersion may be laid on his person by being too highly praised , than if he were discommended : for should we praise one for his bountie , who is publikely knowne to the world to be par●●monious ; or for his humility , who is naturally ambitious ; or for his continencie , who is licentious ; our praises would not tend so much to his honour , as to the display of his nature : yea , even he himselfe , guilty in himselfe , would tax us , knowing that he the least of all others deserved these praises from us . It is flattery ( saith one ) to praise in absence ; that is , when either the vertue is absent , or the occasion is absent . But in the report of our owne praise , admit wee should deserve it ; the safest course is to withdraw our eare from hearing it , lest vain-glory transport us upon hearing of those praises which are spoken of us : for if our aymes be only to purchase popular esteeme , preferring the praise of men , before the praise of God , or the testimony of a good conscience ; as our aymes were perverted , so shall we be rewarded . Now there is no better means to abate or extenuate this desire of praise in us , than duly to consider whose gifts they be , that deserve this praise in us : for were they our owne , we might more properly be praised for them ; but they are Gods , and not ours , therefore is the praise to be ascribed unto God , and not unto us . For hee that would be praised for Gods gift , and seeketh not Gods glory , but his owne in that gift , though he be praised by men for Gods gift , yet is he dispraised by God , for not seeking Gods glory , but his owne for this gift : and he who is praised by men , God dispraising , shall not be defended by men , God judging , nor be delivered , God condemning . Whereas , hee that loveth God , will chuse rather to be deprived of all future glory , than detract by any meanes from God the Author of all glory . Let us then so avert our eare from selfe-praise , or ought else that may beget in us vain-glory or ostentation , that we may become like unto him , who dis-esteemed all worldly praise from the houre of his birth to the houre of his passion . Secondly , wee are to heare with patience such as revile us : and reason good ; for observing this , a blessing is pronounced on us : Blessed are ye● ( saith the Lord of all blessing ) when men shall revile you , and persecute you , and shall say all manner of evill against you falsly for my sake : Rejoyce , and be exceeding glad ; for great is your reward in heaven : for so persecuted they the Prophets which were before you . Yea , not only the Prophets , but even Him , of whom all the Prophets bare witnesse ; yet became he as one that did not heare , having no rebukes in his mouth . When hee was tempted in the wildernesse , the Scripture was his armour of resistance ; when he was reviled on the Crosse , hee prayed for his enemies , to expresse his heavenly patience . Now , if the Sonne of God was in the desart tempted , what Hermit can expect to be from temptation freed ? If the Master be reviled , how may the servant looke to be intreated ? For howsoever some , or indeed most of the antient Fathers , doubt whether the Devill did know that Christ was God or no ; touching that parcell of Scripture , wherein Christ was tempted in the Defart ; yet may it appeare probable by inference from the text it selfe , that after Iesus had said unto him , It is written thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God ; the Devill tooke him up into an exceeding high mountaine , and shewed him all the kingdomes of the world , and the glory of them ; saying , All these things will I give thee , if thou wilt fall downe and worship me . Whence I collect , that after Christ had told him that hee was God , he continued his temptation ; which was an argument to evince him of palpable ignorance ; or of distrust to Christs speech , which argued his diffidence : but our purpose is not too curiously to insist upon these subtill digressions ; it sufficiently appeareth , that Christ who ought to be every faithfull Christians patterne , was reviled , yet opened not hee his mouth ; but with sweet silence and amiable patience offered his prayers unto his Father for them , who maliciously offered him upon the Crosse ; leaving us an example of admiration and imitation , that following him and suffering with him , we might likewise reigne and remaine with him : yea , but will our spritely-stately Gallant object ; can any man , who knowes the value of reputation , with patience suffer publike disgrace ? Is there any punishment so grievous as shame ? Yea , were it not better for a man who is eminent in the eye of the world , to die right out , than still live in reproach and shame ? For a man to live or die , is naturall ; he performeth but that taske to which all mortality is injoyned ; but for a man to live in shame and contempt , and be made a spectacle of disgrace to the world , an apparent touch or taint to his friends , a laughing stock of his enemies , is such a matter , as no well-bred and noble minded man , that hath any courage or stomack in him , or tenders his esteeme , can ever digest it . True it is , that flesh and bloud will suggest many such objections ; and if there were nothing to be valued so much as worldly esteeme , or popular grace , which relyeth on opinion , as soone lost as got , there were some reason to stand so punctually upon termes of reputation ; but the eye of a Christian ought to extend it selfe to an higher object . We are exhorted to heape coales on our enemies heads ▪ to render good for evill ; and to be revenged on them by well doing . Diogenes being asked how one should be revenged of his enemie , answered , by being a vertuous and honest man. What matter then though all the world revile us , having a sincere and unblemished conscience within us , to witnesse for us ? Socrates in his Ecclesiasticall History writeth , that Athanasius being accused by one Iannes , to have killed Arsenius , and after to have cut off his hand , that hee might use it to magicke and forcerie , cleared himselfe notably of this slender : having by good hap found out Arsenius , who lay hid for the nonce , he brought him before the Councell of Tyrus , whereto he was convented , and there he asked his accuser , whether he ever knew Arsenius or no ? He answered , Yes : then Athanasius called him forth , with his hands covered under his cloake , and turning up the one side of his cloake , shewed him the one of his hands ; and when most men surmised , that the other hand at leastwise was cut off ▪ Athanasius without any more adoe , casteth up the other side of his cloake , and sheweth the second hand , saying , You see Arsenius hath two hands , now let mine accuser shew you the place where the third hand was cut off . Whence two remarkable considerations are recommended unto us : malicious subornation in the accuser ; gracious moderation in the accused . For the former , let the speech of a Heathen man for ever be printed in your hearts ; who when his friend came unto him , and desired him to take a false oath in a cau●e of his , made answer : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . You must ( saith he ) beare with mee , there are many friends to be gotten if I lose you ; but if by forswearing my selfe I lose the favour of God , I cannot get another , there is but one God. For the latter as soft words pacific wrath , so by a pleasant conceit he cooled all wrath ; fleighting so much the aspersion of his accuser , as even of his enemies hee gain'd him honour . To instance which Moderation or patience , even in sundry Heathen men , towards such as aspersed disgrace upon them , were it not that I feare enlarging of this branch too much , I might produce many heroicke and princely examples , as Vespasian , his sonne Titus , Marcellus , Demetrius ; yea , the stiffe and rough-hew'd Hercules , who cared not a flie for back-biting termes . But I am to use a word or two unto you , Gentlemen , by quest of inquiry how you are found affected herein , and so descend to the third and last Branch arising from this Subject . Have yee not delighted in hearing your owne praise , but reproved such as praised you , or turned your care from their applause , le●t it should transport you ? Have yee distributed to the poore , without looking who saw you ? Have yee fasted without hanging downe your head , to cause men observe you ? Have ye prayed with zeale , fixing your eye only on God , that he would look on you ? Have ye performed the workes of charity , and that for conscience sake , and not for vain-glory ? Have ye not too Pharisaically prided your selves in your own integrity ? Have ye ascribed to your selves shame , and to God the glory ? Have yee heartily wished rather to be deprived of all hope of glory , than by your meanes to detract in any wife from Gods glory ? O then happy and blessed are you ! for having turned your eares from the applause of men , you shal receive applause from Angels ; or having distributed to the poore without looking who saw you , you shall be plenteously rewarded by him , whose eyes are ever upon you ; or fasted without hanging downe your heads , to cause men observe you , you shall feast with him , who will erect your heads , and with glory crowne you ; or performed works of charity for conscience sake , and not for vain-glory , your workes shall goe before you , and be accounted for righteous through him who shall cloath you with glory ; or not too Pharisaically prided your selves in your owne integrity , you shall become justified with the Publican , and admitted to honour by humility ; or ascribed to your selves shame , and to God the glory , God shall wipe off your shame , and bring you to the full fruition of his glory ; or heartily wished to bee deprived of all hope of glory , rather than by your meanes to detract in any wise from Gods glory ; your desire of advancing Gods glory , shall after your passage from this vale of misery , estate you in the inheritance of glory . Againe ; have ye heard with patience such as revile you ? Have ye answered them as he did , who being accused by his enemie of one sinne , accused him likewise of ignorance , saying , Thou accusest mee of one , when I am guiltie of a thousand ? Have ye not stood upon termes of reputation , but with patience suffered all disgraces ? Have ye overcome your enemie with mildnesse ? taken revenge on him by your vertue and goodnesse ? Fortified your selves against all calumnie , with the spirit of patience ? O then right blessed are you ! for having heard with patience such as revile you , an eternall blessing is pronounced on you ; or having beene as ready to condemne your selves , as others to accuse you , your purged conscience shall freely acquit you ; or not stood on termes of reputation when men disgrac'd you , you shall be graced in heaven , where no disgrace shall touch you ; or overcome your enemy with mildnesse , the milde Lambe shall crowne you with happinesse ; or taken revenge on him by your vertue and goodnesse , you shall be refreshed with the fountaine of sweetnesse ; or fortified your selves against all calumnie with the spirit of patience , with Palmes in your hands shall yee sing with joyfulnesse . Gather , O gather hence with ineffable Solace is conferred on the patient ! whatsoever hee suffer here , shall in superabundant measure be recompenced else-where . But it may be objected , that some aspersions are not to be borne with : for those scandals which are laid upō our persons , where our faith is not taxed or touched , may be more easily endured ; but where these are struck at , they are not to be suffered . To confirme which , we reade how Peter and Iohn having by prayer and imposition of hands , given the holy Ghost , and Simon the Sorcerer saw that through laying on of the Apostles hands , the holy Ghost was given , he offered them money , saying , Give mee also this power , that on whomsoever I lay hands , he may receive the holy Ghost . But Peter incensed herewith , said unto him , Thy money perish with thee , because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money . Whence it appeareth , that out of a holy zeale , one may shew passion towards such as detract from the honour of God , or asperse a blemish upon his servants in the worke of their ministerie . The like wee reade of Paul , that glorious vessell of election , conceiving much indignation against one , who had withstood the word ; saying , Alexander the Copper-smith did mee much evill , the Lord reward him according to his workes . The reason is inclusively annexed ; of whom be thou ware also , for he hath greatly withstood our words . The like spirit of zeale might Iames and Iohn be said to be of , who when they saw that the Samaritanes would not receive Christ , said ; Lord wilt thou that wee command fire to come downe from heaven , and consume them , even as Elias did ? But how this passion of theirs was approved , may appeare by the ensuing verse ; But he turned and rebuked them , and said , Yee know not what manner of spirit yee are of . Now to cleare this objection , there is no Patterne which wee ought sooner to imitate than Christ himselfe , who is the master of truth and directeth us in all truth ; who as hee was most blamelesse of all others , for in his mouth was never guile found , yet was he in his owne person more blamed , in his doctrine more reproved , in his miracles more injured than all others : for one while he is accused to have a Devill ; anon , that he casteth out Devils through the prince of the Devils ; anon , that he is a man gluttonous and a wine-bibber , a friend of Publicans and Sinners . Yet what answer vouchsafed he unto all these save only this , Wisdome is justified of her children ? Now I know there are differences of Scandals or aspersions , where some leave deeper impression than others doe : for as the name is more precious than any earthly substance , so it receiveth the deepest staine , when the estimation of our faith is questioned , being the very maine foundation whereon all religion is grounded , and the perfection of that building which makes a Christian rightly accomplishd . Saint Basil could shew himselfe calme enough in his conference with the Emperour , till a Cooke came in , and saucily told him , he did not well to stand so precisely upon such small matters , but rather to yeeld to his master the Emperour in a word or two : for what were those divine affaires whereon hee so much insisted , but such as with indifferencie might be dispensed ? But what answered this reverend Father ? Yea Sir Cooke ( quoth he ) it is your part to tend your pottage , and not to boile and chop up divine matters , which , as they little trouble you , so in weight and consequence are farre above you . And then with great gravitie turning to the Emperour , said , that those that were conversant in divine matters , which were principally to be intended , would with conscience rather suffer death , than suffer one jot of holy ▪ Scripture , much lesse an article of faith to be altere● or corrupted . Another holy man , though most innocent , could endure to be accounted a whoremaster , an uncleane person , and the like ; but when one called him an Heretike , he could beare no longer : so neere be wee touched , when our faith is questioned . But as we have a noble and glorious Patterne , who shewed himselfe a Conquerour in his suffering , let us wrastle with flesh and bloud , that suffering all things for him and with him , wee may after our conquest joy in him and with him . And let this be sufficient to have beene spoken of Mortification in respect of our name or esteeme in the world , labouring daily to dis-value and huminate our selves while wee are in the world . If it be no great thing to leave our substance , but our selves ; let us at least leave our substance , that wee may the better enjoy our selves . It was the wise exhortation of the wisest of Princes ; Honour the Lord with thy substance , and with the first fruits of all thy increase : annexing a promise to this precept ; So shall thy barnes be filled with plenty , and thy presse shall burst out with new wine . But forasmuch as many things are required to the mortification of this earthly Mammon , wee will reduce them to two especiall heads , the better to retaine in memory this meanes of mortification : 1. to consider from whom we have received these worldly blessings : 2. how to dispose of them , lest they become cursings of blessings . For the first , wee are positively to set downe , that every good gift and every perfect gift commeth from above ; the beasts that graze on a thousand hills are his ; the treasures of the earth are his : for from whom should wee thinke are they derived to us , but from him by whom they were created for us ? He who never had it , how can he give it ? but he who hath all , guides all , governes all , and is all in all , is sole-sufficient for all . He it i● then that maketh rich and maketh poore , exalteth and humbleth , sendeth forth his waters out of their treasuries , and all things are drowned , shutteth them in their treasuries , and all things are dried . Hee it is that maketh the fruitfull barren , and the barren fruitfull . In stead of the thorne shall come up the firre tree , and in stead of the brier shall come up the mirtle tree , and it shall be to the Lord for a name , for an everlasting signe that shall not be cut off . He it is that made Heaven and Earth and all things , replenished Heaven and Earth with all things , giving Man dominion over all things , that Man might be subject unto him who made all things . Now as he gave them to man , so are they to be disposed of by man , to his glory who made man. And how is that ? Not in laying land unto land with the oppressour ; nor in repairing to the house of the strange woman with the adulterer ; nor consuming your substance in excesse with the rioter ; nor hoording up vengeance against the day of wrath with the miser ; nor grinding the face of the poore with the extortioner : but rather distributing freely of that which you have , and communicating to the necessitie of the Saints : so shall you make to your selves friends of your unrighteous Mammon , and shall be fed with Manna in the Courts of Sion . Gainfull is the use of that money , which is put out to the workes of charitie : which be it more or lesse , cannot but be exceeding great , being given with devotion , and the worke attended by singlenesse of heart and sinceritie of affection ; for where a sincere will is not joyned with the worke , the worke cannot be effectuall to the doer , howsoever it may seeme fruitfull to the beholder . Ac which sort of men , who erect sumptuous works rather for popularitie and affectation , than pietie or sincere affection , the Poet pleasantly glanceth ; THESE Statues reare in publike wayes , as trophies of their love , Which , as they heare , in passengers will admiration move , And gaine a fame unto their name , which may survive in them : But trust mee , Sirs , these works of theirs shew them vaine-glorious men . Which works , howsoever usefull unto others , were better undone than done in respect of themselves : for to glory in our works , doth not only derogate from our works , but denounce upon us greater damnation , ascribing to our selves what duly , properly , and solely ought to be attributed to the glory of God. But to draw neerer the point wee have in hand ; there is nothing that weaneth our minds more from the meditation of God and mortification to the world , than our earthly affections , which beare such sway over us , as they will not suffer those divine motions or meditations to take root in us . This is excellently shadowed in that Parable of the great Supper , where many guests were invited , but all with one consent began to make their excuse : the first he had bought a peece of ground , and he must needs goe see it : the second had bought five yoke of oxen , and he must goe prove them : and another had maried a wife , and therefore he could not come . These , though the fatlings be provided , the choicest dainties prepared , wherewith their hunger-starved soules might be refreshed , cannot come ; the world must detaine them , their earthly respects inchaine them , their sensuall delights restraine them : they cannot come , though often invited , nor re●ort to this great Supper , though all things be provided . These seldome or never take into their more serious consideration the state of the blessed in Heaven , or the state of the damned in Hell. Neither can the joyes of the one allure them , or the paines of the other deterre them . These will dispense with the word for the profit of the world , and enjoy the pleasures of sinne for a season , deferring repentance till it be past season . Saint Chrysostome relateth how Paulus Samosetanus that arch-heretike , for the love of a woman forsooke his faith . Saint Augustine relateth divers , who denied the torments of Hell to have eternitie , thereby to flatter their affections with a pretended assurance of impunitie . Saint Gregory imputeth it to avarice and covetousnesse , that many forsake their faith . These follow not the example of sundry devout men , the memory whereof is recommended unto us in holy writ ; who being possessors of lands , or houses , sold them , and brought the prices of the things that were sold , and laid them downe at the Apostles feet : and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need . The like contempt , in respect of earthly substance , wee reade to have been in many noble and equally affected Pagans , as Crates , Bisias , Zeno , Bias , Anacreon , Anacharses ; who , though they had scarce the least glimpse of an eternitie , yet they dis-valued the substance of earth as the subject of vanitie . But I must now draw in my sailes , and take a view of your dispositions ( Gentlemen ) how you stand herein affected ; that seeking what I expect to finde , I may no lesse glory in your aversion from earth , than if you were ascending Iacobs ladder , to have your names enrolled in the kingdome of heaven . Have yee honoured the Lord with your substance , and tendered him the first fruits of his bounty ? Have yee acknowledged every good thing to come from him , as from the fountaine of mercy ? Have yee subjected your selves unto him , as he hath subjected all things to your soveraigntie ? Have yee disposed of them soberly and solely to his glory ? Have yee beene oppressors , and with good Zacheus made fourefold restitution ? Have yee not exposed your inheritance to riot and pollution ? Have yee not hoorded up vengeance against the day of affliction ? Have yee not grinded and grated the face of the poore with extortion ? Have yee distributed freely , and communicated to the Saints necessitie ? Have yee made you friends of your unrighteous Mammon , and so made your selves way to the heavenly Sion ? Have yee done these works of compassion with singlenesse of heart , and without affectation ? Have yee beene by no earthly respect detained from comming to that great Lords Supper , to which you were invited ? O then in a happy state are you ! for having honoured the Lord , he will fill your barnes with plenty ; or having acknowledged all good things to be derived from his mercy , he will give you a fuller taste of his bounty ; or subjected your selves to his obedience , hee will cause every Creature to doe you service ; or disposed of them soberly and solely to his glory , he will exhibit his good gifts unto you more fully ; or beene oppressors , and made restitution , you shall with Zacheus become vessels of election ; or not exposed your inheritance to riot and pollution , you shall be safe from the doome of confusion ; or not grinded the face of the poore with extortion , the poore shall beare record of your compassion ; or distributed freely to the Saints necessitie , he that seeth in secret shall reward you openly ; or made you friends of your unrighteous Mammon , Manna shall be your food in the heavenly Sion ; or done these works singly , and without vaine-glory , you shall be cloathed with the garment of mercy ; or not detained by the world from going to that great Lords Supper , yee shall be graciously admitted and exalted to honour . Thus to dispose of the substance of the world , is to despise the world : preferring one meditation of the pleasures and treasures of heaven , before the possession of the whole earth ; and esteeming it farre better to be one day in the House of the Lord , than to be conversant in the Palaces of Princes . O then , yee whose generous descents and mighty estates promise comfort to the afflicted , releefe to the distressed , and an hospitable receit to all such as repaire to you for succour or comfort ; minister to the necessitie of the Saints , be liberall and open handed to the poore , having opportunitie , doe good unto all men , especially unto them who are of the houshold of faith , be exercised in the works of the spirit and not of the flesh , so shall yee build upon a sure foundation , and in the inheritance of Gods Saints receive a mansion . Turne not ( I say ) you eare from the cry of any poore man , lest his cry be heard , and procure vengeance to be powred on your head . Pitty the moanes of the afflicted , wipe off the teares of the distressed , comfort those that mourn in Sion . The ordinary forme of begging in Italy is , Doe good for your owne sakes . Doe good for your owne sakes , for your owne selves , for your owne soules . No a sacrifice to God more gratefull , to your selves more usefull , or to your owne soules more fruitfull , than to be zealous in all holy duties , and compassionate to the needfull : b for he that in himselfe burnes not in devotion , can never inflame another with the zeale of devotion : c neither can any one shine , unlesse before hee burne ; shine in the works of compassion , unlesse he burne before with the zeale of a devout affection . So as many though they be d Lights in respect of their ministerie or office , yet are they Snuffs in respect of their use , effect or service . Exhibit therefore freely of those good gifts and bounties which God hath bestowed on you , and shew your liberalitie now in the opportunate time ; for as there is a time when none can worke , so there is a time when none can give : give it then in your life time , that you may expresse your charitie with your owne hand , and not by way of Legacie : for many make good wills , which I much feare mee proceed not of good will , being rather by the sentence of mortalitie inforced , than of their owne charitable disposition affected , to leave to the poore afflicted of the world , which they so exceedingly loved , while they sojourned here in the world . And what shall these bountifull Legacies availe them , these charitable Wills profit them , when they shal make their beds in the darke , and enter parlie with their owne Consciences , whether this coacted charitie of theirs proceeded from compassion or compulsion , leaving what they could no longer enjoy , and giving that which was not in their power to give ? Surely , no more benefit shall this inforced charitie conferre on them , than if they had sowne the sand : for fruitlesse is that worke which deriveth not her ground from a pure intention or sanctified will. In the Easterne countries , they put coine in the dead mans hand , to provide for him after his departure hence . The like provision carry these along with them to their graves , who deferre giving , till they cannot give , making their Executors their Almoners , who many times defeat the poore , or number themselves in Beadroll of the poore ; whereby they gull the deceased , enriching their owne coffers with the poore mans box . O Gentlemen , you whose corps are followed with many mourners , and oft-times inward rejoycers ; send out those sweet odours of a good and devout life before you ; dispense and dispose faithfully , in whatsoever the Lord above others hath enriched you ; deferre not your charity to your death , lest you be prevented of your charity by death ; bethinke your selves how you would be provided if that great Master of accounts were this houre to call you before him , and make your reckoning with him ; would you not be glad , if your conscience told you , how you had beene faithfull disposers or imployers of those Talents which were delivered to you ? Would not your hearts rejoyce within you to have such a Testimony , as the witnesse of an undefiled or spotlesse conscience within you ? Would it not intraunce you with an exceeding joy , to heare that happy and heavenly approbation , Well done , good and faithfull servants , you have beene faithfull over a few things , I will make you rulers over many things : enter yee into the joy of your Lord ? If this could not choose but joy you , so dispose of your earthly Mammon , that you may be partakers of this surpassing joy in the Courts of Sion . And so I descend to the last Branch of this last Observation , expressing that object of ineffable consolation , whereto this Active Perfection aspireth , and that spirituall repose of heavenly solace and refection , wherein it solely and properly resteth . MAN is borne unto trouble , as the sparkes fly upward , being here a sojourner in the Inne of this world ; and drawing every day neerer and neerer the end of his Pilgrimage ; where mans life is the Travellers embleme ; his forme of living , the very mirrour of his sojourning ; his home returning , the type or figure of his dissolving . In which progresse or journall of man , by how much more the Sun-diall of his life proceedeth , by so much neerer the night-shade of death approacheth . Yet , behold the misery of man ! His desires are daily to disquiet and disturbe himselfe : for shew me that man howsoever affected , or in what degree soever placed , whose desires are so firmely fixed , as his minde is not troubled in the pursuit of that whereto his aymes are directed . For to begin with the Highest , because his thoughts are ever aspiring'st ; doth the Ambitious man ayme at honour or preferment ? Behold , hee purposeth with himselfe to gaine or attain such a place under his Prince , not so much for his owne ends ( as he pretendeth ) but to be usefull to his friends , and behovefull to his Countrey ; but since that houre , hee entertained the first infant thoughts of Ambition , he hath felt sufficiently the danger of that infection : reaping no other fruits but distractions , in respect of Competitours , or want of enjoying himselfe , being pestred by multitudes of Sutors . Or is he covetous ? There is nothing which hee eyes or beholds upon this , Vniverse , tending to profit , or promising hope of profit , which he presently conveyes not to his heart , coveting whatsoever he sees , and seeing nothing that he doth not covet : he tumbles and tosses , and will not suffer his eyes to slumber , but like miserable Menedemus in Terence , or greedy Gripus in Plautus , hee afflicts and torments himselfe , making his owne desires his owne disquiets . Or is he Voluptuous ? His fond affection procures in him this phrensie or distraction : He goes to the house of the strange woman , gives eare to her incantation , sports with Ismael , lusts after her beauty in his heart : and is taken with her eye-lids ; yet see how sensuality brings him to misery ! by meanes of this whorish woman , he is brought to a peece of bread : and the adulteresse will hunt after his precious life : but to passe over these , and take a view of such whose course of life seemes better disposed , than to converse with the world , either by ambitiously aspiring to Honour , the great mans Darling ; or by too eager a pursuit after Riches , the worldlings Mammon ; or by too hot a quest after pleasure , the wantons Minion . For to reflect a little upon the aymes of such who affect Contemplation , and every day better their knowledge in the serious or exquisite search of the natures , vertues , or operations of all creatures ; we shall finde , to use the words of Salomon , That even in these there is vanity and affliction of spirit : for howsoever , Wisdome raines downe skill and knowledge of understanding , exalting them to honour that hold her fast ; yet Salomons conclusion after the search of wisdom and folly , is definitively this ; In much wisdome is much griefe : and he that increaseth knowledge , increaseth sorrow . For should man labour to engrosse all learning , knowledge and wisdome , his labour were but vaine , and his search fruitlesse ; seeing he , whose understanding was deepest , conceit quickest , and wisdome greatest of all them that were before him in Ierusalem , hath thus concluded : All this I have proved by wisdome ; I said , I would be wise , but it was farre from me . Adding the reason hereof ; That which is farre off , and exceeding deepe , who can finde it out ? For be our search never so curious , or desire covetous in the pursuit of knowledge , we shall finde by daily experience our owne weaknesse : where though our wills be strengthned , our abilities are weakned , being ever more hopefull in our undertakings , than powerfull in our performance ; yea , it is a propertie inherent to us , and naturally ingraffed in us , to have an itching desire of knowing all things , but of doing nothing : yet neither in knowledge nor action may we satisfie our desire or affection : vaine and endlesse therefore is our search in the former , as weake and fruitlesse is our pursuit of the latter . There is no end of writing many bookes , no end of reading many books , no end of storing our Libraries with many bookes : for under the cover of these , much covetousnesse oft-times lurketh . These are not of that inestimable price , ( though they containe much spirituall comfort ) as may fully store or enrich the heart ; fully replenish or satisfie the heart ; fully settle or establish the heart : for where the desires of the heart are not fulfilled ; how can she hold her selfe su●ficiently enriched ? Or where her desires are not accomplished ; how may she rest satisfied ? or being not there seated , where her desires are setled ; how can she be quieted ? Hence it is , that a devout Father compares his Heart unto a Mill ; For as a Mill ( saith he ) swiftly wheeleth and turneth about , and refuseth nothing , but whatsoever is put upon it , it grindeth : but if nothing be put upon it , it consumes it selfe : so is my unstable heart alwayes in motion , and never resteth : but whether I sleepe or wake , it dreameth and thinketh of whatsoever it encountreth . Can then neither Honour , nor wealth , nor pleasure satisfie this unconfined Heart ? can neither Honours surprize her , wealth enjoy her , nor pleasure intraunce her ? No ; these are vanity , and lighter than vanity , receiving their true colour from the Poet , who bestoweth on them this portraiture ; Wealth is a wave , Honour a bait of death , Catching at which wee 'r catcht and choak't therewith . For tell me , is not the Ambitious man as fearfull to incurre disgrace , after he is received to his Princes favour , as he was jealous of a Competitor before he got into favour ? againe , is not the miserable rich man , who reposeth all comfort in his substance , all his consolation in his riches , as fearefull to lose what hee already enjoyes , as hee was doubtfull of prevention in what hee now enjoyes ? Or is not the voluptuous carnal man , whose only delight is daliance with his perfidious Dalilah , stinged with as much griefe after his desires are satisfied , as he was stirred with delight before his pleasures were effected ? Or is not the Contemplative man , whose aimes being higher , should tender him content in fuller measure , afflicted in minde , when hee findes himselfe come short in knowledge of what he expected , and reads every day something which hee never before observed ? What content then in these flourishing May-buds of vanity , which in repentance and affliction of spirit , doe only shew their constancie ? So as one well observeth , If man should not be afflicted by God , yet should he be afflicted by himselfe ; consuming himselfe with his owne envie , rancour , and other distempered affections , which have more fury and torment attending on them , than the evill it selfe which procureth them . Yet behold the wretched condition of unhappie man ▪ Though neither Honour be permanent , nor from perill freed , nor Riches prevalent to make him after death the better friended ; nor pleasures so excellent , as to free him from affliction when they are ended : yet are they for most part preferred before those heavenly honours which are ever permanent , and never altering ; before those incorruptible riches , which inrich the soule after death without decreasing ; and before those ineffable pleasures , where neither desire breeds longing , nor satiety lothing . So as , I cannot more fitly compare the actions of these sensuall affected men , than with that childish act o● the Emperour Honorius , who taking especiall delight in a Hen called Roma : upon a time understanding , by report of such as told him , that Roma was lost , he exceedingly lamented : whereupon some of his familiar friends , and such as were neere him , noting his errour ; It is not your Hen that is lost , but your Citie Roma , that is taken by Alaricus King of the Gothes . Wherewith comming a little to himselfe , he seemed to beare with much more pa●ience the surprize of the one , than the losse of the other . O childish simplicity ! you say well ; yet the like is in us . We cannot endure that any one should steale from us our silver ; yet either honour , riches , or pleasure may have free leave to steale away our heart . We would by no meanes be defrauded of our treasure ; yet it troubles us little to be depraved with errour . We avoid the poisons of the body , but not of the minde ; intending more the diet of the body , than the discipline of the minde . Since then , in these externall desires , this Actuall Perfection , whereof we have formerly treated , may receive no true rest or repose ; for to those it only aspireth , wherin it resteth : wee must search higher for this place of peace , this repose of rest , this heavenly Harbour of divine comfort : we are to seeke it then while we are here upon earth , yet not on earth : would you know , what this soveraigne or absolute end is , wherein this Actuall Perfection solely resteth , wherein the Heart only glorieth , and to the receiver , long life , with comfort in abundance amply promiseth ? Hearken to the words of Iesus the Sonne of Sirach : It is a great glory to follow the Lord , and to be received of him is long life : Nor skils it much , how worldlings esteeme of us ; for , perhaps , they will judge it folly to see us become weaned from delights or pleasures of the world ; to see us embrace a rigorous or austere course of life ; to dis-esteem the pompe and port of this present world . This ( I say ) they will account foolishnesse ; But blessed are they who deserve to be of that number , which the world accounts for fooles , God for wise men . But miserable is the state of these forlorne worldlings , whose chiefest aime is to circumvent or intrap their brethren , making their highest aymes their owne ends , and accounting bread eaten in secret to be the savourest , and stolne waters the sweetest : for these never drinke of their own Cisterne , or feed of the flesh of their owne fold ; but partake in the spoile of others , yet wipe their mouths as if they were innocent : but behold this Haman-policy shall make them spectacles of finall misery ; wishing many times they had been lesse wise in the opinion of the world , so they had relished of that divine wisdome , which makes-man truly happy in another world ; even that wisdome ( I say ) who hath built an everlasting foundation with men , and shall continue with their seed : neither can this divine wisdome chuse but be fruitfull , standing on so firme a root ; or the branches dry , receiving life and heat from so faire a root . Now to describe the beauty of her branches springing from so firme a root ; with the solidity of her root diffusing pith to her branches : The root of wisdome ( saith the wise Son of Sirach ) is to feare the Lord , and the branches thereof are long life . This feare , where it takes root , suffers no worldly feare to take place . Many worldlings become wretched , only through feare lest they should be wretched ; and many die , only through feare lest they should die : but with these , who are grounded in the feare of the Lord , they neither feare death , being assured that it imposeth an end to their misery ; nor the miseries of this present life , being ever affied on the trust of Gods mercie . How constantly , zealously , and gloriously many devout men have died , and upon the very instant of their dissolution expostulated with their owne soules , reproving in themselves their unwillingnesse to die , may appeare by the examples of such , whose lives as they were to God right pleasing , so were their soules no lesse precious in their departing : upon some whereof , though I have formerly insisted , yet in respect that such memorable Patte●nes of sanctity cannot be too often represented , I thought good purposely ( as usually I have done in all the Series of this present Discourse , where any remarkable thing was related , to have it in divers places repeated ) to exemplifie this noble resolution or contempt of death , in the proofe and practice of some one or two blessed Saints and Servants of God. Ierome writeth of Hilarion , that being ready to give up the ghost , he said thus to his soule ; Goe forth my soule , why fearest thou ? Goe forth , why tremblest thou ? Thou hast served Christ almost those threescore and ten yeares , and doest thou now feare death ? Saint Ambrose when he was readie to die , speaking to Stillico and others about his bed ; I have not lived so among you ( saith he ) that I am ashamed to live longer to please God : and yet againe I am not afraid to die , because we have a good Lord. The reverend Bede , whom wee may more easily admire , than sufficiently praise for his profound learning , in a most barbarous age , when all good literature was in contempt , being in the pangs of death , said to the standers by ; I have so lived among you , that I am not ashamed of my life , neither feare I to die , because I have a most gracious Redeemer . He yeelded up his life with this prayer for the Church ; O King of glory , Lord of Hostes , which hast triumphantly ascended into heaven , leave us not fatherlesse , but send the promised Spirit of thy truth amongst us . These last funerall Teares , or dying mens Hymnes , I have the rather renued to your memory , that they might have the longer impression , being uttered by dying men , at the point of their dissolution . And I know right well ( for experience hath informed me sufficiently therein ) that the words of dying men are precious even to strangers ; but when the voice of one we love , and with whom we did familiarly live , calls to us from the Death-bed , O what a conflict doe his words raise ! How strongly doe griefe and affection strive to inclose them ! knowing that in a short space , that tongue , the organs whereof yet speak , and move attention by their friendly accents , was to be eternally tied up in silence ; nor should the sound of his words salute our eares any more : and certainly , the resolution of a devout dying man , being upon the point of his dissolution , cannot but be an especiall motive to the hearer , of Mortification . Which was one cause , even among the Heathens , of erecting Statues , Obelisks , or Monuments upon the Dead ; that eying the Sepulchres of such noble and heroick men , as had their honour laid in the dust , they might likewise understand , that neither resolution of spirit , nor puissance of body could free them from the common verdict of mortalitie : which begot in many of them a wonderfull contempt of the world . Albeit , it is to be understood , that Christians doe contemne this world much otherwise than Pagans : for ambition is a guide to these , but the love of God unto them . Diogenes trod upon Platoes pride with much greater selfe-pride : but the Christian with patience and humilitie surmounteth and subdueth all worldly pride ; being of nothing so carefull , as lest he should taste the Lotium of earthly delights , and so become forgetfull with Vlysses companions of his native Countrey . Meane time he sojournes in the world , not as a Citizen , but as a Guest , yea as an Exile . But to returne to our present discourse now in hand ; in this quest after that soveraigne or supreme end , whereto all actuall perfection aspireth , and wherein it resteth , wee are to consider three things : 1. What is to be sought ; 2. Where it is to be sought ; 3. When it is to be sought . For the first , wee are to understand that wee are to seeke only for that , the acquisition whereof is no sooner attained , than the minde , whose flight is above the pitch of frailtie , is fully satisfied . Now that is a blessed life , when what is best , is affected and enjoyed : for there can be no true rest to the minde in desiring , but partaking what she desireth . What is it then that wee seeke ? To drinke of the water of life ; where our thirst may be so satisfied , as it never be renued ; our desires so fulfilled , as never higher or further extended . He that hath once tasted of the fountaine named Clitorius fons , ( and choice is the taste of such a fountaine ) will never drinke any wine ; no wine mixed with the dr●gs of vanitie , no wine drawne from the lees of vaine-glory : the reason is , hee reserves his taste for that new wine , which hee is to drinke in his Fathers kingdome . And what kingdome ? The kingdome of heaven ; a kingdome most happy , a kingdome wanting death , and without end ; enjoying a life that admits no end . And what life ? A life vitall , a life ●empiternall , and sempiternally joyfull . And what joy ? A joy without sorrowing , rest without labouring , dignitie without trembling , wealth without losing , health without languishing , abundance without failing , life without dying , perpetuitie without corrupting , blessednesse without afflicting , where the sight and vision of God is seene face to face . And what God ? God the sole-sufficient , summary , supreme good : that good which wee require alone ; that God who is good alone . And what good ? The Trinitie of the divine persons is this summary good , which is seene with purest mindes . The Heart triangle-wise resembleth the image of the blessed Trinitie ; which can no more by the circumference of the World be confined , than a Triangle by a Circle is to be filled . So as the Circular world cannot fill the Triangular heart , no more than a Circle can fill a Triangle ; still there will be some empty corners : it sayes , so long as it is fixed on the world , Sheol , it is never enough : but fixed on her Maker , her only Mover , on her sweet Redeemer , her dearest Lover , she chants out cheerefully this Hymne of comfort ; There is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Iesus . She then may rest in peace . And what peace ? A peace which passeth all understanding . Shee then may embrace her Love. And what Love ? A Love constantly loving . She then may enjoy life . And what life ? A life eternally living . She then may receive a Crowne . And what Crowne ? A Crowne gloriously shining . This Crowne ( saith S. Peter ) is undefiled ▪ which never fadeth away . The Greeke words which S. Peter useth , are Latine words also ; and they are not only Appellatives , being the Epithetes of this Crowne , but also Propers ; the one proper name of a Stone , the other of a Flower : for Isidore writeth , there is a precious stone called Amiantus , which , though it be never so much soiled , yet it can never at all be blemished ; and being cast into the fire , it is taken out still more bright and cleane . Also Clemens writeth , that there is a flower called Amarantus , which being a long time hung up in the house , yet still is fresh and greene . To both which , the stone and the flower , the Apostle , as may be probably gathered , alludeth in this place . Here then you see , what you are to seeke . For are your desires unsatisfied ? here is that which may fulfill them . Are your soules thirstie ? here is the Well of life to refresh them . Would you be Kings ? here is a Kingdome provided for you . Would you enjoy a long life ? a long life shall crowne you , and length of dayes attend you . Would you have all goodnesse to enrich you ? enjoying God , all good things shall be given you . Would you have salvation to come unto your house and secure you ? rest you in Christ Iesus , and no condemnation shall draw neere you . Would you have your consciences speake peace unto you ? the God of peace will throughout establish you . Would you have your constant'st Love ever attend you ? He who gave himselfe for you , will never leave you . Would you have him live ever with you ? Leave loving of the world , so shall he live ever with you and in you . Would you have a Crowne conferred on you ? A Crowne of glory shall empale you . Seeke then this one good wherein consisteth all goodnesse , and it sufficeth . Seeke this soveraigne or summary good , from whence commeth every good , and it sufficeth . For he is the life by which wee live , the hope to which wee cleave , and the glory which wee desire to obtaine . For if dead , he can revive us ; if hopelesse and helplesse , he can succour us ; if in disgrace , he can exalt us . Him then only are we to seeke , who , when we were lost , did seeke us ; and being found , did bring us to his sheepe-fold . And so I descend from what wee are to seeke , to where wee are to seeke , that seeking him where he may be found , wee may at last finde him whom wee so long have sought . For the second , wee are to seeke it while wee are on earth , but not upon earth , for earth cannot containe it . It is the Philosophers axiom , That which is finite may not comprehend that which is infinite . Now that supreme or soveraigne end ▪ to which this Actuall Perfection is directed , whereto it aspireth , and wherein it resteth , is by nature infinite : Ena without end , beginning and end , imposing to every creature a certaine , definite or determinate end . The sole solace of the Soule , being onely able to fill or satisfie the Soule , without which all things in heaven or under heaven , joyned and conferred together , cannot suffice the Soule . So boundlesse her extent , so infinite the object of her content . How should Earth then containe it , or to what end should wee on Earth seeke it ? Seeing , whatsoever containeth , must of necessitie be greater than that which is contained . But Earth being a masse of corruption , how should it confine or circumscribe incorruption ? Seeing nothing but immortalitie can cloath the Soule with glory , it is not the rubbish or refuse of earth that may adde to her beautie . Besides , the Soule while it sojournes here in this earthly mansion , she remaines as a captive inclosed in prison . What delights then can be pleasing , what delicates relishing to the palat of this prisoner ? She is an exile here on earth : what societie then can be cheerefull to one so carefull of returning to her Countrey ? If Captives restrained of their libertie , Exiles estranged from their Countrey , can take no true content either in their bondage , be it never so attempred ; nor in their exile , be they never so attended ; how should the Soule apprehend the least joy , during her abode on earth ? Where the treasure is , there is the heart : her treasure is above , how can her heart be here below ? Mortalitie cannot suit with immortalitie , no more can Earth with the Soule . Whereto then be the motions of our Soule directed ? To Him that gave it ; no inferiour creature may suffice her , no earthly object satisfie her , nothing subject to sense fulfill her . In Heaven are those heavenly objects , wherewith her eye rests satisfied ; in Heaven are those melodious accents , wherewith her eare rests solaced ; in Heaven those choicest odours , wherewith her smell is cherished ; in Heaven those tastfull'st dainties , wherewith her soule is nourished ; in Heaven those glorious creatures , wherewith herselfe is numbred . What difference then betwixt the satietie and saturitie of Heaven , and the penurie and povertie of Earth ? Here all things are full of labour , man cannot utter it : The eye is not satisfied with seeing , nor the eare filled with hearing : whereas in Heaven there is length of dayes , and fulnesse of joy without ending . And wherein consists this fulnesse ? Even in the sweet and comfortable sight of God. But who hath seene God at any time ? To this , blessed Austine answers excellently . Albeit ( saith he ) that summary and incommutable essence , that true light , that indeficient light , that light of Angels , can be seene by none in this life , being reserved for a reward to the Saints only in the heavenly glory ; yet to beleeve , and understand , and feele , and ardently desire it , is in some sort to see and possesse it . Now , if wee will beleeve it , though our feet be on earth , our faith must be in heaven : or understand it , wee must so live on earth , as if our conversation were in heaven : or feele it , wee must have so little feeling of the delights of this life , as our delight may be wholly in heaven : or desire it , wee must hunger and thirst after righteousnesse , to direct us in the way which leadeth to heaven . It cannot be ( saith a devout holy man ) that any one should die ill , who hath lived well . Wee are then to labour by a zealous , religious , and sincere life , to present our selves blamelesse before the Lord at his comming . O if wee knew ( and grosse is our ignorance if we know it not ) that whatsoever is sought besides God , possesseth the minde , but satisfies it not ! wee would have recourse to him , by whom our minds might be as well satisfied as possessed . But great is our miserie , and miserable our stupiditie , who , when wee may gaine heaven with lesse paines than hell , will not draw our foot backe from hell , nor step one foot forward towards the kingdome of heaven . Yea , when wee know , that it pleaseth the Devill no lesse when wee sinne , than it pleaseth God to heare us sigh for sinne ; yet will wee rather please the Devill by committing sinne , than please God by sending out one penitent sigh for our sinne . For behold what dangers will men expose themselves unto , by Sea and Land , to increase their substance ! Againe , for satisfaction of their pleasures , what tasks will they undertake , no lesse painfull than full of perill ! A little expectance of penitentiall pleasure can make the voluptuous man watch all the night long , when one houre of the night to pray in would seeme too too long . Early and late to inrich his carelesse heire , will the miserable wretch addresse himselfe to all slavish labour , without once remembring either early or late to give thanks to his Maker . Without repose or repast will the restlesse ambitious Sparke , whose aimes are only to be worldly great , taske himselfe to all difficulties to gaine honour , when even that which so eagerly he seekes for , oft times brings ruine to the owner . Here then you see where you are to seeke ; not on earth , for there is nought but corruption ; but in heaven , where you may be cloathed with incorruption : not on earth , for there you are Exiles ; but in heaven , where you may be enrolled and infranchised Citizens : not on earth the grate of miserie ; but in heaven the goale of glory . In briefe , would you have your hearts lodged , where your treasures are locked ; all your senses seated , where they may be fully sated ? your eye with delightfull'st objects satisfied , your eare with melodious accents solaced , your smell with choicest odours cherished , your taste with chiefest dainties relished , your selves , your soules amongst those glorious creatures registred ? Fix the desires of your Heart on him , who can only satisfie your heart ; set your eye on him , whose eye is ever upon you , and in due time will direct you to him ; intend your eare to his Law , which can best informe you , and with divinest melodie cheere you ; follow him in the smell of his sweet oyntments , and hee will comfort you in your afflictions ; taste how sweet hee is in mercy , and you shall taste sweetnesse in the depth of your miserie ; become heavenly men , so of terrestriall Angels you shall be made Angels in heaven ; where by the spirituall union of your soules , you shall be united unto him who first gave you soules . And so I come to the third and last ; When wee are to seeke , lest seeking out of time , wee be excluded from finding what wee seeke , for want of seeking in due time . If words spoken in season be like apples of gold with pictures of silver ; sure I am , that our actions being seasonably formed or disposed , cannot but adde to our soules much beautie and lustre . To every thing there is a season , and a time to every purpose under the heaven : which season neglected , the benefit accruing to the worke is likewise abridged . There is a time to sow , and a time to reape ; and sow wee must before wee reape : sow in tears , before wee reape in joy . Seeke wee must before wee finde ; for unlesse wee seeke him while he may be found , seeke may wee long ere wee have him found . After the time of our dissolution from earth , there is no time admitted for repentance to bring us to heaven . Hoc momentum est de quo pendet aeternitas . Either now or never ; and if now , thrice happy ever . Which is illustrated to us by divers Similitudes , Examples , and Parables in the holy Scripture : as in Esaus birth-right , which ( once sold ) could not be regained by many teares ; and in the Parable of Dives and Lazarus , where Abraham answered Dives , after he had beseeched him to send Lazarus , that he might dip the tip of his finger in water , and coole his tongue ; Sonne , remember that thou in thy life time receivedst thy good things , and likewise Lazarus evill things : but now he is comforted , and thou art tormented . And in the Parable of the ten Virgins , where the five foolish Virgins tooke their Lamps , and tooke no oyle with them ; but the wise tooke oyle in their vessels with their Lamps ; and when the Bridegroome came , those that were ready , went in with him , and were received : but those foolish ones , who were unprovided , though they came afterwards crying , Lord , Lord , open unto us , could not be admitted . For know , deare Christian , and apply it to thy heart , ( for knowledge without use , application , or practice , is a fruitlesse and soule-beguiling knowledge ; ) that hee who promiseth forgivenesse to thee repenting , hath not promised thee to morrow to repent in . Why therefore deferrest thou till to morrow , when thou little knowest but thou maist die before to morrow ? This day , this houre is the opportunate season ; take hold of it then , lest thou repent thee , when it is past season . Man hath no inte est in time , save this very instant , which hee may properly terme his : let him then so imploy this instant of time , as hee may be heire of eternitie , which exceeds the limit of time . Let us worke now while it is day , for the night commeth when no man can worke . Why therefore stand wee idling ? Why delay wee our conversion ? Why cry wee with the sluggard , Yet a little , and then a little , and no end of that little ? Why to morrow , and to morrow , and no end of to morrow , being as neere our Conversion to day as to morrow ? Why not to day as well as to morrow , seeing every day bringeth with it her affliction , both to day and to morrow ? Meet it is then for us , to make recourse to the Throne of mercy in the day of mercie , and before the evill day come , lest wee be taken , as he who beat his fellow servants , when the great Master of the Houshold shall come . O earth , earth , earth , heare the Word of the Lord ! Earth by creation , earth by condition , earth by corruption . Remember now thy Creator in the dayes of thy youth , while the evill dayes come not , nor the yeares draw nigh , when thou shalt say , I have no pleasure in them . While the Sun , or the light , or the Moone , or the Stars that be not darkened , nor the clouds returne after the raine . In the day when the Keepers of the house shall tremble , and the strong men shall bow themselves , and the grinders cease , because they are few , and those that looke out of the windowes be darkened : And the doores shall be shut in the streets , when the sound of the grinding is low , and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird , and all the daughters of musick shall be brought low . Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high , and fears shall be in the way , and the Almond tree shall flourish , and the Grashopper shall be a burden , and desire shall faile : because man goeth to his long home , and the mourners goe about the streets . Or ever the silver coard be loosed , or the golden bowle be broken , or the pitcher be broken at the fountaine , or the wheele broken at the Cisterne . Then shall the dust returne to the earth as it was , and the spirit shall returne unto God who gave it . Hence then are we warned not to deferre time , lest wee neglect the opportunate time , the time of grace ; which neglected , miserable shall we be , when from hence dissolved . Yea , but will some object ; True repentance is never too late : which is most true ; but againe I answer , that late repentance is seldome true . Repent then while yee have time ; for as in Hell there is no redemption , so after death there is no time admitted for repentance . O remember that a wounded conscience none can heale ; so that , like as the Scorpion hath in her the remedy of her owne poison ; so the evill man carrieth alwayes with him , the punishment of his owne wickednesse , the which doth never leave to torment and afflict his minde both sleeping and waking . So as , the wicked man is oft-times forced to speake unto his conscience , as Ahab said to Eliah , Hast thou found me , O mine enemie ? Now there is no better meanes to make peace with our consciences , than to set God continually before our eyes , that his Spirit may witnesse to our spirits , that we are the children of grace . Wherein many offend daily , who promise to themselves security , either by sinning subtilly or secretly . Subtilly , as in dazling or deluding the eyes of the world with pretended sanctity , and concluding with the Poet ; That I may just and holy seeme , and so the world deceive , And with a cloud my cunning shroud , is all that I doe crave . But such Hypocrites will God judge , and redouble the viols of his wrath upon their double sinne . Secretly , when man in the foolishnesse of his heart committeth some secret sin , and saith , Who seeth him ? There is none looking thorow the chinke to see mee , none that can heare me , but simple fooles : how much are these deceived ? Is there any darknesse so thicke and pal●able , that this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the piercing eye of heaven cannot spie thee thorow it ? O if thou hope by sinning secretly , to sin securely , thou shalt be forced to say unto thy God , as Ahab said unto Elijah , Hast thou found mee , O mine enemie ? Nay , O God , terrible and dreadfull thou hast found me . And then let me aske thee in the same termes that the young Gallant in Erasmus asked his wanton mistresse ; Art thou not ashamed to doe that in the sight of God and witnesse of holy Angels , which thou art ashamed to doe in the sight of men ? Art thou so afraid of disgrace with men , and little carest whether thou be or no in the state of grace with God ? Art thou more jealous of the eyes of men , who have but power only to asperse a blemish on thy name , or inflict a temporall punishment on thy person , than of his , who hath power to throw both thy soule and body into the burning Lake of perdition ? It was a pretty saying of Epicurus in Seneca ; Whereto are offences safe , if they cannot be secure ? Or what availes it guiltie men to finde a place to lye hid in , when they have no confidence in the place where they lye hid in ? Excellent therefore was the counsell of zealous Bernard , and sententious Seneca , that wee should alwayes , as in a mirrour , represent unto our eyes the example of some good man , and so to live as if he did alwayes see us , alwayes behold us : for wee , who know that the eyes of God are upon all the wayes of men , and that no place so remote , no place so desart or desolat● , as may divide us from his all-seeing presence , ought to be in all our workes so provident and circumspect , as if God were present before our eyes , as in truth he is . And therefore Prudentius in one of his Hymnes give this memorandum ; Thinke with thy selfe , if thou from sin would free thee , Be 't day or night , that God doth ever see thee . O then let us fix our thoughts upon God here on earth , that we may gloriously fix our eyes upon him in heaven ! Let us so meditate of him here on earth , that wee may contemplate him there in heaven ! So repent us to have dishonoured him here on earth , that wee may be honoured by him in heaven ! Let us become humble Petitioners unto him , and prostrate our selves before his foot-stoole : of whom if we begge life , his hand is not so short●ed , as it will not save ; his eare so closely stopped , as it will not heare : it is reported , that when a poore man came to Dionysius the Tyrant , and preferred his petition unto him standing ; the imperious Tyrant would not give eare unto him ; whereupon this poore Petitioner to move him to more compassion , fell downe prostrate at his feet , and with much importunity obtained his suit : after all this , being demanded by one why he did so ; I perceived ( quoth he ) Dionysius to have his eares in his feet , wherefore I was out of hope to be heard till I fell before his feet . But God , who intendeth rather the devotion of the heart , than the motion of the hand , or prostration of the bodie , will heare us , if wee aske faithfully , and open unto us , if wee knocke constantly , and having fought a good fight , crowne us victoriously . Thus you have heard what we are to seeke , where we are to seeke , and when we are to seeke . What ; a Kingdome , not of earth , but of heaven . Where ; not on earth , nor in earth , but in heaven . When ; while we are here on earth , that after earth we may reigne in heaven . What ; a Garden inclosed , a Spring shut up , a Fountaine sealed . What ; a crowne of righteousnesse , a precious pearle , a hid treasure . What ; wisdome , health , wealth , beautie , libertie , and all through him who is all in all . Aristippus was wont to say , that he would goe to Socrates for wit , but to Dionysius for money : whereas this we seeke , and seeking , hope to enjoy , confers upon us the rich treasures of wisdome , and abundance of riches for evermore . For , first seeke we the kingdome of heaven , and the righteousnesse thereof , and all things else shall be ministred unto us . Secondly , where wee are to seeke . Where ; in Heaven , the House of God , the Citie of the great King , the inheritance of the just , the portion of the faithfull , the glory of Sion . Where ; not without us , but within us ; for the kingdome of God is within us . So as I may say to every faithfull soule , Intus habes quod quaeris ; That is within thee , which is sought of thee . It is God thou seekest , and him thou possessest ; thy heart longeth after him , and right sure thou art of him , for his delight is to be with those that love him . Lastly , when ; on earth : when ; in this life : when ; while we are in health ; while we are in those Tabernacles of clay ; while we carry about us these earthen vessels ; while we are cloathed with flesh ; before the evill day come ; or the night approach ; or the shadow of death encompasse us ; now in the opportunate time ; the time of grace ; the time of redemption ; the appointed time while our peace may be made : not to deferre from youth to age , lest wee be prevented by death before we come to age ; but so to live every day , as if we were to die every day , that at last we may live with him who is the length of dayes . What remaineth then , but that wee conclude the whole Series or progresse of this Discourse with an Exhortation to counsell you , an instruction to caution you , closing both in one Conclusion to perswade you to put in daily practice , what already hath beene tendred to you . Now , Gentlemen , that I may take a friendly farewell of you ; I am to exhort you to a course Vertuous , which among good men is ever held most Generous . Let not , O let not the pleasures of sinne for a season , withdraw your mindes from that exceeding great weight of glory kept in store for the faithfull , after their passage from this vale of misery ! Often call to minde the riches of that Kingdome after which you seeke : those fresh Pasture● , fragrant Medows , and redolent Fields diapred and embrodered with sweetest and choicest flowers : those blessed Citizens , heavenly Saints and Servants of God , who served him here on earth faithfully , and now raigne with him triumphantly . Let your Hearts be enditers of a good matter , and your voices viols to this heavenly measure . O how glorious things are spoken of thee , thou Citie of God ▪ as the habitation of all that rejoyce is in thee ! Thou art founded on the exaltation of the whole earth . There is in thee neither old-age , nor the miserie of old-age . There is in thee neither maime , nor lame , nor crooked , nor deformed , seeing all attaine to the perfect man , to that measure of age , or fulnesse of Christ. Who would not become humble Petitioner before the Throne of grace , to be made partaker of such an exceeding weight of glory ? Secondly , to instruct you where this Crowne of righteousnesse is to be sought ; it is to be sought in the House of God , in the Temple of the Lord , in the Sanctuary of the most High. O doe not hold it any derogation to you , to be servants , yea , servants of the lowest ranke , even Doore-keepers in the House of the Lord ! Constantine the Great gloried more in being a member of the Church , than the Head of an Empire . O then , let it be your greatest glory to advance his glory , who wil make you vessels of glory ! But know , that to obey the delights of the flesh , to divide your portion among Harlots , to drinke till the wine grow red , to make your life a continued revell , is not the way to obtaine this Crowne . Tribulation must goe before Consolation ; you must clime up to the Crosse , before you receive this Crowne . The Israelites were to passe thorow a Desart , before they came to Canaan . This Desart is the world , Canaan heaven . O who would not be here afflicted , that he may be there comforted ! Who would not be here crossed , that he may be there crowned ! Who would not with patience passe thorow this Desart , onely in hope to come to Canaan ! Canaan the inheritance of the just ; Canaan the lot of the righteous ; Canaan , a fat Land flowing with milke and honey , Canaan , an Habitation of the most holy ; Canaan , a place promised to Abraham ; Canaan , the bosome of Father Abraham , even Heaven ; but not the heaven of heaven , to which even the earth itselfe is the very Empyraean heaven , for this is heaven of heaven to the Lord : because knowne to none but to the Lord. Thirdly , and lastly , that I may conclude , and concluding perswade you ; neglect not this opportunate time of grace that is now offered you . I know well , that Gentlemen of your ●anke cannot want such wittie Consorts , as will labour by their pleasant conceits to remove from you the remembrance of the evill day : but esteeme not those conceits for good , which strive to estrange from your conceit the chiefest good . Let it be your task every day , to provide your selves against the evill day ; so shall not the evill day , when it commeth , affright you , nor the terrours of death prevaile against you , nor the last summ●ns perplex you , nor the burning Lake consume you . O what sharpe , extreme , and insuperable taskes would those wofull tormented soules take upon them , if they might be freed but one houre from those horrours which they ●ee , those tortures which they feele ! O then , while time is granted you , omit no time , neglect no opportunitie ! Be instant in season and out of season , holding on in the race which is set before you , and persevering in every good worke even unto the end ; Because they that continue unto the end , shall be saved . What is this life but a minute , and lesse than a minute , in respect of eternity ? Yet if this minute be well imployed , it will bring you to the fruition of eternitie . Short and momentanie are the afflictions of this life ; yet supported with Patience , and subdued with long sufferance , they crowne the ●ufferer with glory endlesse . Short likewise are the pleasures of this life , which as they are of short continuance , so bring they forth no other fruit than the bitter pils of repentance : whereas in heaven there are pleasures for evermore ; comforts for evermore ; joyes for evermore : no carnall , but cordiall joy ; no laughter of the body , but of the heart ; for though the righteous sorrow , their sorrow ends when they end , but joy shall come upon them without end . O meditate of these in your beds , and in your fields ; when you are journeying on the way , and when you are sojourning in your houses : where compare your Court-dalliance with these pleasures , and you shall find all your rioting , triumphs and revelling , to be rather occasions of sorrowing than solacing , mourning than rejoycing ! Bathe you in your Stoues , or repose you in your Arbours ; these cannot allay the least pang of an afflicted conscience . O then so live every day , as you may die to sinne every day : that as you are ennobled by your descent on earth , you may be ennobled in heaven , after your descent to earth . Laus Deo. Totum hoc ut à te venit , totum ad te redeat . A Gentleman IS a Man of himselfe , without the addition of either Taylor , Millener , Seamster or Haberdasher . Actions of goodnesse he holds his supreme happinesse : The fate of a younger brother cannot depresse his thoughts below his elder . He scornes basenesse more than want ; and holds Noblenesse his sole worth . A Crest displayes his house , but his owne actions expresse himselfe . Hee scornes pride , as a derogation to Gentry ; and walkes with so pure a soule , as he makes uprightnesse the honour of his Familie . He wonders at a profuse foole , that he should spend when honest frugalitie bids him spare ; and no lesse at a miserable Crone , who spares when reputation bids him spend . Though heire of no great fortunes , yet his extensive hand will not shew it . Hee shapes his coat to his cloth ; and scornes as much to be beholden , as to be a Gally-slave . He hath beene youthfull , but his maturer experience hath so ripened him , as he hates to become either Gull or Cheat. His disposition is so generous , as others happinesse cannot make him repine , nor any occurrent save sinne make him repent . He admires nothing more than a constant spirit , derides nothing more than a recreant condition , embraceth nothing with more intimacie , than a prepared resolution . Amongst men he hates no lesse to be uncivill , than in his feare to God-ward to be servile . Education hee holds a second Nature ; which ( such innate seeds of goodnesse are sowne in him ) ever improves him , seldome or never depraves him . Learning hee holds not only an additament , but ornament to Gentry . No complement gives more accomplishment . He intends more the tillage of his minde , than his ground ; yet suffers not that to grow wilde neither . He walkes not in the clouds to his friend , but to a stranger . He eyes the Court with a vertuous and noble contemplation ; and dis-values him most , whose sense consists in sent . Hee viewes the City , with a princely command of his affections . No object can with-draw him from himselfe ; or so distract his desires , as to covet ought unworthily ; or so intraunce his thoughts , as to admire ought servilely . He lives in the Countrey without thought of oppression ; makes every evening his dayes Ephemeris . If his neighbours field flourish , he doth not envy it ; if it lie fit for him , he scornes to covet it . There is not that place he sees , nor that pleasure he enjoyes , whereof he makes not some singular use to his owne good and Gods glory . Vocation hee admits of , walking in it with so generous and religious a care , as hee makes Pietie his Practice , acts of Charitie his Exercise , and the benefit of others his sole solace . Hee understands that neither health commeth from the clouds without seeking , nor wealth from the clods without digging . He recommends himselfe therefore in the morning to Gods protection and favour , that all the day long hee may more prosperously succeed in his labour . He holds idlenesse to be the very moth of mans time ; Day by day therefore hath he his taske imposed , that the poison of idlenesse may be better avoided . He holds , as Gods opportunitie is mans extremitie ; so mans securitie is the Devils opportunitie . Hoping therefore he feares , fearing he takes heed , and taking heed he becomes safe . Hospitalitie he holds a relique of Gentry : He harbours no passion but compassion . He grieves no lesse at anothers losse than his owne ; nor joyes lesse in anothers successe than his owne peculiar . Recreation he useth to refresh him , but not surprize him . Delights cannot divert him from a more serious occasion ; neither can any houre-beguiling pastime divide him from an higher contemplation . For honest pleasures , he is neither so Stoicall as wholly to contemne them , nor so Epicureall as too sensually to affect them . There is no delight on mountaine , vale , coppice , or river , whereof he makes not an usefull and contemplative pleasure . Recreation he admits , not to satisfie his sense , but solace himselfe . Hee fixeth his minde on some other subject , when any pleasure begins too strongly to worke upon him : He would take it , but not be taken by it . Hee attempers his attractivest pastimes with a little Alloes , to weane him all the sooner from their sweetnesse . He scornes that a moment of content should deprive him of an eternitie of comfort . He corrects therefore his humour , in the desire of pleasure , that he may come off with more honour . Acquaintance he entertaines with feare , but retaines with fervour . He consorts with none , but where he presumes he may either better them , or be bettered by them . Vertue is the sole motive of his choice : Hee conceives how no true amitie , nor constant societie can ever be amongst evill men . He holds it a blemish to the repute of a Gentleman ; and an aspersion to his discretion , to make choice of those for his Associates , who make no more account of time , than how to passe it over . Conference he affects ; and those hee admits only into the list of his discourse , whom he findes more reall than verball , more solid than complementall . He will try him before he rely on him : but having found him touch , they touch his honour , that impeach him . Moderation in his desires , cares , feares , or in what this Theatre of Earth may afford , he expresseth so nobly , as neither love of whatsoever he enjoyes can so enthrall him , nor the losse of what he loves can any way appall him . A true and generous Moderation of his affections , hath begot in him an absolute command and conquest of himselfe . He smiles , yet compassionately grieves , at the immoderation of poore worldlings in their cares and griefes ; at the indiscretion of ambitious and voluptuous Flies in their desires and feares . Perfection hee aspires to ; for no lower mound can confine him , no inferiour bound impale him . Vertue is the staire that raiseth to height of this Story . His ascent is by degrees ; making Humilitie his directresse , lest he should faile or fall in his progresse . His wings are holy desires ; his feet heavenly motions . He holds it the sweetest life to be every day better , till length of dayes re-unite him to his Redeemer . Hee hath plaid his part on this Stage of Earth with honour ; and now in his Exit makes heaven his harbour . FINIS . EMBLEME . WIth a Climacterick yeere this Worke began , Which is exprest when Sev'ns & Nines doe meet , Held fatall to this short-spun threed of man ; And with same number ends the finall sheet Of these Observances , whereof I treat : Threescore and three is held the dangerous yeere , And just so many sheets shall you finde here ; But not a leafe to give a life to feare . Vpon the Errata . HOwsoever some no lesse justly than confidently might ●vouch , quod plura non dantur vulnera mi●●ti●n praelio , ●uam authori in prelo ; Yet must I ingeniously wipe off this aspersion from my judicious friend and Artist , an ornament to his Profession . Whose s●dulous care towards me and others , hath already gain'd him a deserved esteeme and approvement of all Authors . Truth is , Gentlemen , when you encounter with any Erro●s ( as they are individuates to all Labours ) you are to impute the E●●or to the absence of the Author . Whose affaires in the Countrey tooke him from cares of the City : Or to explaine himselfe more fully , that he may come off fairely ; and possesse him of your opinion more freely ; He was call'd away from Laurence Iury , by the impannel of a Northerne Iury , and pressed to attendance by an Old Bayliffe of the Country , when his occasion lay for the Presse in the old Bayly neere the City . In a word , had not a Nisi prius interposed , these Errors by a Quest of in juiry had beene prevented . It is your generous Candor to recti●ie him with your pennes , who solely for your sakes undertooke this paines . ERRATA . Vtilitas Erroris , Humilitas Authoris . PAg 12. lin . 35. for Harparates read Harpocrates . p. 20. l. 7. for stanes r. staines . p. 29. this marginall distich omitted ; " Est Venus in vinis , vinis Venus illita venis ; " Sint procul à mensis vina Venusque meis . p. 35. l. 9. for as r. is . p. 38. l. 6. for Comine r. Commes p. 64. l 23. for stare r. seaze . p 112. marg . for utilitas r. utilitatis . p. 106. l. 10. A branch of Vocation undistinguished . p. 149. l. 31. for enndagred r. endangered . p. 157. l. 18. for Hawke r. hanke , * which inverts sense . p. 159. l. 17. for enevors r. endevours . p. 166. l. 10. for smimming r. swimming . p. 170. l. 33. for thrust r. t●ussd . p. 236. l 16. * A branch of Acquaintance undistinguished . p. 241. l. 23. * Another undistinguished . p. 250. l. 26. for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . p. ib. num . for 295. r. 296. p. 321. l. 22. for wounded r. wounding . p. 323. l. 18. for 80. r. 8. p. 324. l. 35. for estimate r. estimates . p. 326. marg for Charibdis r. Charybdis . p. 357. marg . for felicie r. felicitie . p 369. l. 12. for say r. saw . p. 406. l. 2. for lesse r. Ishai . p. 421. marg . for percepit r. praecepit . ¶ Sundry marginall notes you shall finde obscured , which by your candor may be cleared . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A16657-e190 Mancipia paueae lectionis cum sint . ☞ For my Dedication , instead of all unnecessary excuses of presumption , I wil cloze briefly with this constant Resolution : Though to your TITLE there be HONOVR due , It is your SELFE that makes mee HONOVR you . Notes for div A16657-e10360 Observat. 1. The Dangers that attend on Youth . Vnum est inslar belluae humiliari , aliud est belluinos inores imitari . * Vicina l●psibus adolesc . ●●a . Hieron . Omnia in hat aetole juvenescunt vitia . Euseb. lib 3.17 . Si ingratum dix●ris , omnia dixeri● . Min. Publianus . Quisimus , Quinam ●●●mus , in Ephebio constitu●um est . Diog. Cyn. Lectum non citius relinquens , quàm in Deum delinquens : n●n citius surgens , quàm insurgens . The vanitie of Youth displ●yed in foure distinct Subjects . GATE . Audacia pro 〈◊〉 habetur . Salust . in Bell. Cati● . Dan. 4.27 . 29. 30. Seneca . LOOKE . Plutarch . in vit . Syll. August . Gregor . De tranq . an . Quo altior in divitiis , eo cop●ostor in vitiis . Ber. de inter . Dom. M●●am . 1. SPEECH . Sine loq ●●la non potest sla●e societas . Ar●st . Aug. de Magist. Psal. 141.3 . Prou. 25.11 . In vit . Phoc. In lib. desecr . secret . Two reasons why Young men were not admitted to deliver their opinions in publike assemblies . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pic. M●rand in epist. ad H●r●ol . Neque locus , neque amious quisquā teget , quem arma non texerint . Salust . in Bell. Iugurth . Ferociam animi , quam habebat vivus , in vultu retinust Catilina Salust . in Conjur . Ca●il . Salust . Law , Logicke , and the Sw●tzers may be hired to fight for any one . Blos . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Basil. Virtus maxima , in mole minima . Eccles. 22.8 , 9. HABIT . In vit . Solon . Hor●t . epist. l. 1. Ep. 18. * Vt in exequiis epu●sque celebrandis n●mioque apparatu corporis , omnis inutilis sumptus prohibeatur . Plutarch . in vit . Alcibiad . Socrates . Mihi mirabile fit quòd non enecentur , cum tantum onus bajulent . Clem. Alex. 2. Paedag. Hieron . ad Fur. de vid. Serm. Tom. 1. Aug. de Christ. fide . Tertull. de hab . Mul. cap. 7. 1 Tim. 2.9 , 10. 1 Pet. 3.5 . — Prima est haec ul●io , quod se Iudice , ne●o nocens absolvitur . Iuv. Sat. 13. August . in enar . sup . 45. Psal. Bernard . de interdomo . cap. 1. An● Sol●loq . cap. 14 Sen. 〈◊〉 Lucil. Tuscul. quaest . lib. 1. Aug. sup Ps●● 64. Prov. 5.5 . Prov. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Archi● . Ta●ent . Prov. 7.18 . Aug. Ser. 44. Nazian . contra ●uli res immudice comptas . Hieron . de exitu Lea. Lacrt. lib. 6. Lacrt. ibid. Iames 2 ● ▪ 3. 4. Seneca . Act. 12.21 , 22. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Aug. Three violent passions incident to Youth . LVST . Two reasons why Youth is ●aturally subject to this ill●mited passion . An especiall motive tending to the increase of this Passion . Venus in vinis . Nunquam e●o ebr●um pu●●bo cas●um . Hi●ron . Plato . Plutarch . Macrob. Q. Curt. lib. 3. * Irene . What rare effect the precepts of Morall Ph●losophie wrought in Heathen men . ●tiam seris ac B●b●●● 〈…〉 . Ambr●s lib. 1. d●●●rah●m . Vid. A●l. Gell. i● N●ct . Att●●s . Seneca . — Rara est concordia forma , A●que pudicitiae . Iuven. Sat. 10. Numb . 11.34 . AMBITION Nullus enim magnisc●●eris labor — I●● en . Sal. 14. Tusc. l. Quaest. lib. q●art . — tolluntur in altum , Vt lapsu gr●vi●reruam — Hen. the fourth whose Name deserves to be enrouled among the ancient Worthies . Aristot. Chrysost. in 2 Corinth . Quantumcunque le dejeceris , humilior non eris Christo. Hieron . Plutarch . Semper hia● , semper tenuem qua v●s●●tur auram reciprecavit Chamaeleon . Et ● utat faciem vari●s sumitque colores , praeter rubrum & candidum . Alciat . Nil tam metuens , quàm ne dubi●a●e aliqu● de re videretur . Petrarch . de remed . utrius fort . REVENGE . Appian . Alexan. Homer . in Iliad . & Polybius apud Cu●i nem , lib. 3. Facili redimunt qui sanguine famam . Martial . Epigr. — Impium est mortis statum praeripere tempus . Galeatilepores . Pet. Mart. The proper 〈…〉 . Homer . in Odyss . Seneca ad Galion . de remed . fortuit . Quicquid à vobis minor extimiscet Major hoc vobis Dominus minatur . Horat. 1 King. 21.3 , 11. Horat. l. 1. epist. 2. Basil. Homil. de Ira. Greg. Moral . l. 5. cap. 32. Ephes. 2.3 . Rom. 12.19 . Iam. 1.20 . Is●ay 57.16 . 〈◊〉 . 1.2.3 . N●mb . 14.18 . Iam 1 1● . Prov 14 29. 1 Co● . 3.5 . P●o● . 22 21. Ec●l●s . 8 15 , 16. Prov. 15.1.18 . Ephes. 4.26 27. Physicke prescribed , and ●e●ceits applied to cure these maladies in Youth . . In lib. de leg . Luke 16.3 . What employments deserve entertainment from a Gentleman . Blos . Chrysost. lib. de ●rand . Deo. Luke 21.36 . Rom. 12.11 , 12. Ephes. 6.18 , 19. Col. 4.2 , 3. Psal. 25.7 . Eccles. 12.1 . Notes for div A16657-e23760 Observat. 2. The diversitie of D●spositions . Exeunti intro , ●n . ranti exeo . vid. Laert. A probable judgement of ou● Dispositions , drawne from the delights we affect , or company we frequent . Salist . Passion the best discoverer of our Disposition . Discovery of Disp●sitions in distempers . Non habet ulterius quod nostris potibus addat Posteritas — Habebitur aliquando Ebrietati honor , & plurimum meri cep●sse , virtus erit . Sen. Non invenit crimen , etiam viri ●ortis accipit nomen , tantò nequior , quantò sub p●culo invict●or . Aug. de verb. Apost . Ser. 4. Promotion held ever mans best Anatomy Lecture . Thom. in 12. quaest . 26. a. 1. Optanda ea est amissio honoris , quae facit nos humiliores . Nihil 〈◊〉 e●●quam bene ●●se●are . Diodes . dict . L. Phi. l. 3. ● . 6 . The Disposition is not to be forced . Objection . Sancti Iuvenes , Satanici Senes . Hieron . cont . Lucif . Resolution . * Vt 〈…〉 ingentia , 〈◊〉 exigu● 〈◊〉 na●●ūtar ingenia . Qu 〈…〉 , ut cum primis floribus arborum ; Hie●●● citius ac celerius , illi autem faeli cius ac uberius gemmare solent & germinaere . Suet. tran . in vit . Ner. Stupent in titulis & imaginibus . Be●e e● cui Deus obtul●t Pa●●a quod satis est , manu Hor. Od l. 3. c. 24. Eccles 5.15 . Nuga & acl●rium . Quanto magis capi● , tanto magis cupit . Quanto magis cupit , tanto minus sapit . * Plutarch . in Moral . Horat. l. 1. Epist. 11. What Disposition is most generous . Mildnesse . ☞ Plutarch . in vit . Pomp. Ioseph . in Hist. Iud. In vit . Marcell . Com●n . Matth. 5.5 . Dan. 10.12 . 1 King. 21.27 , 29. Deut. 8.16 . Bede . Nec leges metuunt , sed cedit viribus aequum , Maestaque victrici jura sub ense jacent . Omnia adversa exercitationes p●tat . Seneca . Cyprian . Munificence . Amici , perdidimus diem . Sext. Aurel. Iustin. Cujus domus quosi quaedam munificentiae , officina creder●tur . Val. Max. lib. 5. Pa●cos ●eavit aul● , plures perdidit : Sed & hos quoque ipsos , quos ●eavit , perdidit . Farn. in Emblem . Amos 6.11 . Amos 6.3.5.7 . Nihil liberale , quod non idem est justum . Cic. Calvin . Instit. lib. 3. cap. 23. Fortitude . Maldon . in 26. Matt. cap 1. Arist. lib. 7. de Hist. animal . c. 16 & lib. 3. de part . anim . cap. 5. Fortis non est qui in arenam descendendo , dimicar● audet , sed qui nocendi causam secum discu●t , priusquam audet . 2 Machab. 14. The proper aime or end whereto the actions of true resolution are directed . Cicero . In Lups . treatise of Charitie . Cic. 4. lib. Tus. quaest . The prudent observation of Cortugal , one of the Turkish Princes , in his Oration perswasive to his Lord to besiege Rhod●s , was this . Christianus occasus discordus intestinis corroboratur . Sitting * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A16657-e30890 Observat. 3. What Education is . Knowledge . Vt cogn●s●am te ; ut cognoscam me● Bern. Knowledge of God. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Luke 10.42 . Knowledge of Mans selfe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Multum semper discens , senesco . Socrat. Panorm . de reb . ●est . A●phon . lib 1. Socrat. Quomodo pros●cis , sij●m tibi sufficis ? Bern. Aug. in Soliloq . cap. 29. Bernard . Medit. cap. 3. Plutarch . in lib. de virtut . am●r . M●tus anima ( saith S. Aug. ) quo● Grae● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appellant . Ex Latinis quidam ( ut Cic. 3. Tuscul. ) Perturbation●s dixerunt , alii affectiones , alii affectuo , alii expressas p●ssiones vocaverunt . D●mascen define●h other affections of the minde . Motio ●e●sualis appe●i●ivae virtutis , ob boni vel ma●i imaginationem . lib. 2. de fi● . or●●●dox . cap. 22. Zeno ap Cic. in 4. Tuscul. ita definit : Perturbatiose● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 avers● recta ratione contra natura●a 〈◊〉 commotio . l● vit . Ans●lmi . * Vt à Christo accepi●u●s benefici●l●● , praes●●mus Christiani offium , 〈…〉 Christi 〈…〉 in humilitatis specul●●m , 〈…〉 enim exemplam , 〈…〉 te dejeceris , 〈…〉 . 1 〈◊〉 . ●4 . A right profi●able exhortation to all such as are drawne away by strange doctrine . Sacerdot●s nominamu● , nonsumus . Greg. Humilium sumus Doctores , supe●b●ae du●cs . ibid. Ne●o ta● impius est , quem Haere●●cus impietate non vincat . S. Hieron . lib 7. in Esa●m . Si enim Haeretici sunt , Christia●●ti esse non possunt . Tertul. de praescript . c●p . 37. Cyprian de Vnitate . Et Hi●●on . c●●tra Luciferianos . Discourse . Laert. lib. 6. Two especiall errors in●●dent to Subjects of Discourse ; Affe●tation . Imitation : whereof Gentlemen are seriously caut●●ned . Affectation S●b●s●r● . 34 Imitation . Vincent : de vit . spirit . Ibid. C●cero . Pic Mirand . ad Her● ▪ ol . Life of the Speaker . Iam. 1.24 . Truth of the Subject . * Equites Asians . Iuvem . Sobrietie of Speech . Gell. in Noct. Attic. Immoderate passion , in arguments of Discourse and reasoning , to be avoided . ☞ Plutarch . in vit . Phoc. ☞ Two powerfull motives of perswasion ; Vibemencie of Passion ; and Instancie of ●●monstration . Est ●n●m fi●eli ●●ta fil u●o merces . Ho● . car●d 3 od 2. Silentio culpa crescit . I●dor . Neque Imperiale est libertatem dicendi negare , neque Sacerdotale quod senti●t , non ●cere . Ambros. Epist. 17. Greg. Ezech. 3.18 . 1 Cor. 9.16 . Ludev . Viv. instruct . christ . Mul. Ad●oque ut errorem cum lacte Nutrici● sugunt . Ci● . Vb●ra la●●● & luc●● , alent vo● milit●● Supremi Ducis . Action . ☜ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cic. S●n. de tranq . anim . ☞ Appian . Alexan The admirable effects of Education . Educatio & doctrina efficiunt mores . Seneca . Without learning Hercules becomes a Tyrant , Darius insolent , Achilles inordinate . Pars divina in homine mersa . Sen. Lips. Phavorinus . Vid. Tit. Liv. Luc. Flor. Plut. in vit . Rom. Among Wolves was his Education , by Vultures his Inauguration . Hipastores pecorum , magis quam reges g●n●ium . Xenophon . in Cyropaedia . Quint. Curt. Plutarch . in vit . Alex. Hominis enim sal●● nullo beneficio pensa●ur . Seneca . ☞ Tusc. quest . lib. quart . ☞ Stilpho . Alcib●ades . Affrican . Marc●llus . How a Gentleman may be best enabled by Education . * For Aristotle , howsoever termed his master , is thought to have flourished when hee came to riper yeeres . Vid Ep. Alexan ad Arist. conscriptam , de sit . & stat . Ind. Three things moved Tiberius to send Drusus into Illyricum : ●he first was , senescere militiae : the second , s●u diae exercitus parare : the third , simul juvenem urb●no luxu lascivient●m melin●in castris haberi reabatur Tiberius . Tacit. Militis ira non lyra , sed t●ba so nat . ●ne● telis est nota chelys . Cic. in Bruto . Isocrates . Sext. Philosophus . Eunius . Plutarch . in vit . Marcell . Habet ornatum satu illo majorē ; habet aliud spectaculum , ad illud specta●ulum te compone . Quod e●go ●ibi est spectaculum ? Coelum , Angelorum inuum●ra multitudo . Chrysost. hom . 28. in epist. 12. ad Hebraeos . Notes for div A16657-e40370 Observat. 4. Gen. 2.17 . Gen 3.19 . a Qui luxuriant in verinium operibus . Chrysost. tom 1. hom . 18. in G●xes . Fe●untur quidam ex India vermiculi , hujusmodi facere vestes . Idem tom . 4. hom . 2. in 1 ad Timoth. b Imus in viscera terr● , & in sede maniaem op●s quaerimus ; c●usque pen. tr●t luxuria Pl●n hi●t Natural . lib 33. c Quid me●●-rem pre●ios●rum aeromatum , quae ex India , ex Arabi● , & ex Perside convehuntur . Sunt siuv , unguen●a pre tio●a , quae no● ex Arabia , vel ex Perside , sed ex ipso convihunt●r coelo , quae emuntur , non aura , sed fide non ficta . Ch●ysost c. 1. tom . 4. hom . 2. in 1 ad Tim. August . tom . 10 , Serm. 〈◊〉 Temp. d Animaltum que v●nto feruntur , delitiae . Clem. Alex. Pad l●b . 2. cap. 10. e Et sua v●s●●menta & veste●st● agulas sassumigant , & aspergunt : atque adeo ut ipsas propemodum matulas . Clemens Alex. Paed. lib. 2. cap. 8. f Vermium texturae . Chrysost. tor . 1. hom . 37. in Genes . g Maximi antem pret●i Margarita mulierum conclave invasit : ca aut●m nascitur in quodom ostre● . Cle. Alex. Paed●g . lib. 2. cap. 12. h Quae pecca●oremfactum convincerent . Aug. l. 11. de G●ne● . edli er . & cap. 32. i Dico ergoho●inem , non al a de caisa opus habere vestimentis . qu●m ut teg it ●● corpus , ad maxima frigora & vehementes aestus propul andos : h●c est vestus s●●pus . Clem. d. ex . Paedag. lib. 2. cap. 10. Verbera ventorum vitare imbrisque●o●ct●s . Lueret . lib. 5. k Libel de Imag. Horat. l. 1. epist. 2. Ornamentum est qu●d ornat : ernat autem quod honestiorem mulierem facit . Plutari . in Praecept . Connubial . Hoc ipsum , quod vos non ornatis ornatus est . Ambros . lib. 1. de Virg. Ambros. tom . 4. lib. 1. Offic. c. 18. Phil. 3.13 , 14 The necessitie of a vocation . Ezech. 16 49. Prov. 12.11.8 9. Ecclus. 33.25.27 . 2 Thes. 3.10 , 11. 12. 1 Tim. 5.13 1 Cor. 7 20. Health commeth not from the clouds without seeking , nor wealth from the clods without digging . Vocation a peculiar labour or function , particularly allotted to say one person . * Aliis micens , consumor . A●l. Gell. in Noct A●t c. Adde quod ingenium lon●a ●a●igine lasum T●rpet , & est multo , quàm fuit ante , minus . Vi●a quanto magis proced●● , tanto propues ad mortem accedit . Aug. Solil●● . c. 2. 2 Sam 13.29 . Ester . 7 10. 2 King. 19.37 . Dan. 5.4 . 2 Sam. 17.23 . 2 King. 2 24. Ibid. 7 17. Luke 12 ●● . Gen 49 33. Act. 7.60 . 1 Cor. 15.57 . Ec●les . Hi●t . Deut. 28.30 . Xista potius quàm Zenodech●a , regia potius palatia , qu●m tecta in panperum solatia , erigent . Three necessary considerations touching the conveniencie of a Vocation . A divine consideration . A civill consideration . Amore Dei amor vicini giga●tur ; amore vicini amor Dei nutritur . O●atio inter maxima charitatis opera nume●and● est . The effect of prayer confirmed . Exod. 17.2 . A peculiar Consideration . ☜ Vid. Salust . in bell . Iug. Nec enim Libertas tutior ulla est , quam domino servire tuo . Prima est . Libertas carere criminibus . Aug. ☜ a Damnum potius quam turpe lucrum eligendum est . La●rtius . b Omnes complectuntur ar●es ex quibus lucrum consiqui poterin● . Plat. de leg . Lucri b●nus odor ex re qualibet . Invenal c Lucrum sine dan no alterius fieri . non potest . Sen. lip st 95. d Cum aliqua species ●tilitas objecta est , nos comoveri necesse est . Cic. de offic . 3. Omnes appetinius utilitatem , & ad e●m rapunur . ibid. e Lucrum facit homines deteriores . Polit. 3. Nisil●crum esset , nemo ficisset improbus . f Nam tale turpe lucrum accusatio Nature est . apud Stobaeum . g Pecuniae st●dium , fidem , probitatem , ceteras . que bonas artes subvertit . Horat. h Voluntas fingendi , & mentiendi est eorum qui opes appetunt , & lu●rum desiderant . Lact. desalsa relig . i Cl●rus ubique fuit , fortis , sapiens , etiam rex , & quicquid volet . Herat. Si fortuna volet , fies de●betore Consul ; Sivo ' et haec eadem , fies de consule●betor . Iuvenal . Sat. 7. k Virtus nihil quod extra se est quaerit . Pontan . lib. 2. de Prud. l Nulla potest esse virtus nisi gratuita . Cic. in Tusc. m Domat omnia virtus . Salust . Quicquid homines arant , navigant , aedificant , virtuti omnia parent . ibid. n Virtuti fortuna cedit . Plaut o Nihileripit fortuna , nisi quod ipsa dedit . Sen. de tranq . an . p Virtute qui praediti sunt , sol . sunt divites . Cicero . Deut. 10.9 . Pauperes eligit Deus ad haeredi tatem regni caelest●s . 1 Cor. 1.28 Luk. 6.20.24 . O Mors , quam amara est memorta tuae , hom●ni habenti pacem in substantus suis ! Non sol 〈◊〉 virtus , s●detian s●ma , d●cus , divina humanaque ●ul●bris diviti●s parent . Horat. l. 2. Sat. 3. We are to resist vices , by practising and doing acts of ●he contrarie vertues . No man exempted frō a VOCATION . Non Vestrae magis irae , quàm famae consulatis . Caes. inorat . pro Cat. de liber●ate vindicanda . Vide Salust . In maxima fortuna , minima licentia est . Salust . - bene paupertas Humilt tecto contenta late● , Quatiunt al●as saepe procellae , Aut evertu fortuna ●om●s . Senec. in Agam. Quicquid excelsum est , cadat . in Octav. Invident Honori meo● ergoinvid●ant labori , & innocintiae , periculis etiam miris , quoniam per haec illum cepi . Salust . in b●ll . lug . ☞ Cic. in lib. de leg . Agendo , audendoque res Romana crevit . Salust . L. Flor. l. 1. c. 18. Gen. 3.19 . In iis linguis quas non in●●lligimus , surdi sumu● . Tusc. lib. 5. Hoc nempe ●b homine exigitur , ut prosit huminibus si sieri potest , muli● ; siminùs , paucis ; siminùs , proximis ; siminùs , sibi . Seneca de vitá b●atá . A resemblance betwixt the offices in the Bodie of a State , and a Body naturall . Oculus ad coeium , manus ad clavam . Experimenta per mories agunt . Hippocrat . Faces , fauces , & faeces insulae . Nunc ( vt Hieron . ad Paul. conqueritur ) scripturarum interpretationem passim sibi vendicant omnes , hanc garrula ann● , hanc d●lirus Senex , hanc Sophista verbosus , hanc universi praesumunt , lacecerant , docent antequam discant . See the first rising of all Novellisme and innovated doctrine , how and upon what weak grounds planted , and how strangely by the bellows of Singularity increased . Exod. 28.30 . West . 1. West . 2.28 . Ed. 1.33 . Ed. 1.8 . H. 6.19 . H. 7.32 . H. 8. & 18. El. Mala fama bene parta d●iectat . Sen. Nam vivos interdum fortuna , saepe invidia fatigat : ubi anima naturae cessis , demptis obirectatoribus , ipsa se virtus magi● magisque extollit . Salust . Hominas inertissimi quorum omnis vis virtusque in lingua sita est . Salust . in 2. orat . Virtus per s● amora atque aspera est . Ad virtutem una atque ardua via est . Ibid. Vocation in generall . ☞ Ezek. 16.49 . 1 Sam. 11.1 . Prov. 6.6 . Ierem. 34.2 . Zeph. 1.4 . Mic. 1.6 . Ion. 3.4 . Hin● alii aliis artibus incumbunt ; hi●n mari navigantes , bi in Monte pas●en●es & pastinantes , &c. Visne procedere in Thessaham ? artem disces bortulanam ; visne in Barbariam ? artem experieris eq●●strem . 1 Sam. 13.19 . 1 Sam. 13.6 . Gen. 4.2 . Gen. 9.20 . Gen. 49.13 . Gen. 4.22 . Grammar . Logicke . Sera cognitionis , quae à cla●e artu re●eratur . Arist. in poster . 〈◊〉 Melch. Can. 〈…〉 Rhetorick . Eras. l. 8. apotheg . Quint. Curt. - Sivis me flere , dolend●● est Primū ipsi tibi , tunc tua 〈◊〉 infortaenia laedunt . Horat . de art . p●●t . Cic. l. 3. de Orat. * Maro both a Port and 〈…〉 ; ●ho with I●orat●s for l●cke 〈◊〉 good voice oth●●wise called the Father of Eloquence never pleaded ●ublikely : he●●ore was it laid of his Orations , that if Maro penned thē , and Cicero pro●ounced them , nothing could be more exquisite . Mathematicks . Libenter ign ro quod m●●●ne Deus nol●●t . Caelera quidem nescio , hoc autem scio , quòd dii oderi●● curiosos . Euclid . Compescat igitur se humana temeritas , & id q●od n●n est , non quaerat , ne illud quod est non in 〈◊〉 . Maxim. Serm. 23. Geometrie . Vid Plut. in vit . Marc●ll . L. Flor. l. 2. c. 6. Physick . Vid App. Alex. L. Flor l. 3. c. 5. Hippocrates . Musicke . Vt lyram vel citharam percutiat , &c. 1 Sam. 16.23 . Musicke hath a different working , Melodie , Mirth and Melancholy . 2 King. 3.15 . Exod. 15.20 . Iudith 16.2 . Iudg. 5.1 . Aug. Confess . lib. 10. cap. 33. Qui tam medico fle●u voci● faci●bat sona●e Lectorem Psalm● , ut pronuntianti vicinior esset quam can●nti . ibid. The Vocation of a Gentleman in particular . Quae ret●osunt oblivisci , & ad ea quae ante sunt Apostolum sequi . Epist. 15. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Dial. 11. Exod. 24.14 . Gen. 28.12 . Psal. 15.2 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Mark 8.24 . 1 Cor. 15.58 . Luke 10.39 . 40. The Vocation of a Gentleman hath relation to emploiment publike or private . Objections framed against Byron , for his Treatie with forraine States . Credulitie in two respects dangerous to persons imployed in affaires of State. Credulitie in beleeving the relations of others . Credulity in imparting his thoughts to the secrecie of others . For Cabinet counsell this may be their Motto ; Plenu● sum rimarum . Vt T●●●au●us ●e●ositu● . Le●oris ventri 〈◊〉 vento vulgi , 〈…〉 . Resolution in suffering neither price to draw him , nor power to over-awe him . Excitamur ad meliora magnitudine rerum . Sal●●● . Herodotus lib. 3. 〈◊〉 . Vid. Hotmaen de Legat. Legatus ipsa● Re●pub . 〈◊〉 suam attulsse ●idetur . Advi●tutem laudis ●ue haben●as naturam , ine doctri●a , quam doctr●n●m ●ine n●tura valu●sse . 〈◊〉 . Disobedience punished in attempts most successive . Virgi●●aedi●●ssit quibus 〈…〉 Plut. in a●o●●e● . How a Gentleman is to imploy himselfe in publike affaires . cyprian . 1 Mach. 14 46. ☜ Magne , non be ne . Aug. Zieglerus l. de illustribus viris Germaniae . c. 98. In Turc . Histor. Probe definitur à Stoicu fortitud● , cum ●am virtutem dicunt esse propugnante pro aequit●● . Cic. Salmacida spoli● sine sanguine & sudore . Si. lib. 4. ☜ Plut. in vit . Iul. Cas. Ioseph in bell . Iud. ●lementiam tamen Imperatoris pro●ne●tia duceban● . lb. Dulce & decorū est pro patria 〈◊〉 Hor. li. 3. od . 2. Poeni foed fragi . Cic. in offic . Nulla sancta societas , nec fides regni . Philip 4 1● . A glorious enterprize recommended to the undertaking of all generous spirits . Totum adimit , quo ingrata refulget . Coping with the Persian Sap●r in titular insolence , who caused himself to bee stiled , Re. R●gum , frater Solu & 〈◊〉 , particep● Syderum . Non debet timere hostem fortē , qui dominum habet fortiorem . Esa. 63.1 . Psal. ●2 . 12 . How a Gentleman is to demeane himselfe in private affaires . — Sic crimine nota crumentaest . Quid non speremus , si numm●s possideam● ? Omnia nummus habet , quod vult , facit , addit , & aufert . This may be observed in Suits of Law , as well as private affaires of Iustice. a Deut. 10.18 . b Deut. 27.13 . c 2 Sam. 8.15 . d Ierem 22.3 . e Gen. 18 19. f Deut. 32.4 . g 2 E●d● . 5 . 4● . Rom 11. ●3 Psal. 36.6 . h Act ●4 . 26 i Pro● . 28.5 . k E●clus . 11.7 , 8 , 9. Act. 18.4.6 1 Tim● 15.19 , 21. l 23.1.7 to 10. m 2 Sam. 22.23 n Iob 9.24 . Amos 5.7 . Purpuram negis quam Deum ●o kn●es . Iudges 15.4 . Two perillous shelfes which ind●nger Iustice . Sicut absynthia per sep●llunt morbo● , melle tamen ill●●iuntur , ut puerorum a●as improvida ludificetur . Pic. Mi●and . ad Hermol . Mark. 3.17 . a Exod. 19.18 . b Exod. 24.17 . c 1 Sam. 22.9 . d Deut. 32.22 . e 2 Kings 2.11 . f Exod. 3. ● . g 1 Cor. 3.13.15 . h Deut. 4.9.10.24 . Heb. 12.29 . i Exod. 13.21 , 22. Num. 9.15 . ☜ Melius est quod periat unus , quam unitas . Qui malis parcit , bonis nocet . Luxuriantes amputantur surculi , ut genuini coalescant ●ami . In putatiore sarmen●a sterilia recid●ntur : ut ea quae praevalent uberius fructum serant . Greg. in Mor. Exposit. in Iob. ☞ Malle se in●er i●imicos , quam amicos ●udicare dicebat . Laert. in vit . Bia● . Habeo in me , quod testetur p●o●●e . ☜ Omni●●iorum vita testimonium ●edd●t Deo. Cypr. de duplo martyrio , initio . Proh pudor , secundum fortunam as●imatur persona , quum potius secundum personam aestimada sit fortuna : ●am bonus reputatur quam dives , tam malus quam pau●er ; cum potius tam div●s sit reputandus quam bonus , tam pauper quam malus . De contem . mund . l. 1. c. 16. How a Gentleman is to demeane himselfe in his owne family . 1 Tim. 5.8 . Aug. Ephes. 5.21 . adul● . Ephes. 6. ad 10. Domus , ( inquit Aristoteles ) est quasi parva Civitas , & Civitas quasi magna domus . Every family a private Common-wealth . Gen. 28.20 . Deut. 10.18 . Prov. 5.9 , 10. Prov. 6. ● , 7. Luke 15.16 . Gen. 25. ●3 . 1 Sam. 14.27 . Exod. 14.2 . Nec sord●●è custod at , nec prodige spargat . Salust . Ephes. 6.9 . * Circa domesticos ●●veritatem . Med. cap. 1. Deut. 25.4 . 1 Cor. 9.9 . 1 Tim. 5.18 . How highly to be condemned was that act of Vedius Pollio , who tyrannized so much over his Servants , that he caused one to be cast into a Fish-pond for breaking a glasse . Iuvenes amárunt , ●●nes oderunt . Alauda crist●m h●bet . Proverb 1 Tim. 5.18 . Domun● suam coer●er● plerisqu● haud minus arduum est , quam provinciam regere . Tacit. Gen. 29.23 . Gen. 31.38 . Gen. 31.39 . 40. 41. Luke 12.45 . Prov. 27.23 . 27. ☜ Hydroptem habent conscientiā . Aug. Quanto magis bibunt , tanto magis ●uiunt . Quanto magis capiunt , tanto magis cupiunt . Quorum sitis neque copia , neque inopia minuitur . Salust . Vera inopia cupiditatum copia . How a Gentleman is to imploy himselfe in spirituall affaires within his familie . Gen. 18.19 . 1 Chron. 12. Deut. 11.18.19 . 20. Verse 21. Consisting upon a precept and a promise . Ostendit exemplo quod promisit in praemio . Aug. Ruth 4.11 , 12. Nimium est negotii continere eos quibus praesit , nisi te ●ps● contineas . Anima mea quid fec●sti hodie ? &c. Quod mal●● h●die 〈…〉 , lib. 3. Veni ad judicium . Hieron . Paratum est cor●m●um . Ibid. Nulla dies sine linea . Esay 28.10 . Choeneci ne insideas . 2 Thess. ● . 10 . Iohn 14.3 . Luke 12.19 . Vlterius . Luke 14.10 . Nunquam ei prae●sse fami●iae , quae parum studi●sa est divina gloriae . Philip. 3.14 . Notes for div A16657-e60150 Observat. 5. The difference of Recreations . V●d . Strab. Vid. Plut. Aul. G●ll. in noct . Att. Laert. in vit . Chyl . L Flor. lib. 3. c. 8. Baleares narrat , à qua gente Balistas nomen dux●sse , verisi . mil● est , jaculandi arte omnium facile principes esse . Luculliani Horti . vid. Plut. in vit . a Cynosargu● , locus in quo palestritae exercebantur ; Cerostr●tum , in quo eorum corpora ungebantur . b Circus , quia aculeatis spiculis circunclusus . vid. Varro de antiq . Rom. c Haec quae difficilis turget Paganica pl●ma , Folle minus luxa est , & ●inus arcta p●lá . Mar●ial lib. 14.45 . d Fortissima adversus mortem & dolorem disciplina . Vid. Plut. in Apotheg . & in vit . Socr. Plat. in Repub. Vid. Plut. in vit . Lycurg . ☜ Nazian . contra ●ulieres immod●ce comptas . Nescit equo rudis Haere●e ingenuus puer , v●narique imet ludere do●lior , seu Graeco jubeas trocho , seu malis vetita legibus alea. Hor. Od. 4.8 . Consule Victori . in vit . Imperator . Stud●sus al●a lusor . ibid. Sue● . in Aug. * Vocatu● numeravit cal●ul●s , & Sodal● suo ; Vide●●nquit ) ●e post mortem meam mentiaris te vicisse . Tum aun●●ns Cen●urion● : Te●u ( inquit ) eris , uno me antecedere . Sen. de tranq . anim . Of the moderate and immoderate use of Recreation . Pic. Mirand . in Epist. ad Hermol . The Benefits redounding from moderate Recreation . S●n de Tranq . anim . Nullum magnum i●ge●●um s●ne m●●tura dementia su●● . ibid. Horat. l. 1. ep . 7. Cellae & habitatio cognatae sunt . ●er . de vit . solitar . Non calatham Iuno , non arcum sen per Apollo Tendit , amant re●●iem corpora ●essa suam . Sueton. Tranq . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Avari●i● bellua ●e●a , 〈◊〉 , m●ol●anda est . Salust . Domi-porta , Lamax ; qu●a ●●limum serpendo rel●nq●it . Vid Al●iat . in Embl●m . Aelian in nat . hist. * Rev. 4. ●1 . The inconveniences arising from immoderate Recreation . Immoderatione rela●antur artus , imminuuntur ●i●s : moderatione religantur ar●us , reparantur vires . Laert. in vit . Chyl . Num. 11.33 . Eccles. 7.4 . Amos 6.4 . 5. 6. In the yeere of Iubile all captives were delivered , all slaves enfranchised , al debts discharged . Sen. de tranq . a●●m . Pl●t . in apotheg . Elian in vari● Hist. l. 3 ca. 14. Dies ●●●tos nolite inhonorare ( inquit Ignatius ) ●u●d tamen agū : isti , qui licentt●s ●●ulando crapule ●ndulge●● , 〈◊〉 calices ●●nriendo ebrictatem fove●t ? Mel●●s est quod 〈◊〉 de f●●erent . quam 〈◊〉 de salt● e●● . Aug sup . Ps. ●2 . Mark. 11 17. Homer . in Odyss . Horat in Epist. L●ert . in vit . Cleob. Vid. Quint Curt. lib. 5. Armatis , divum nullus pudor . Sil. Ital. ☞ Plato . Plutarch . Macrob. ☜ 1 Tim. 6.23 . Modico vi●o utere . Ecclesia mater est , noverca non est ; libertas datur ad necessitatem , modo ●●●ibeatur ad vanitatem . a Ita evenit , ut cum aliqu●d ubi non oport●t adhib●tur , illic ubi oportet negligatur . Te●tul . l●b . de paeniten . in●tio . b In Apolog. c. 45. Dem●critus e●caca●do s●ips●●●n●ontinentiam emendatione profitetur . At Christianus solvis oc●lis faeminam videt , a●imo adve●su ▪ libidines cacus est . c Ego mergam vos , ne ipse merga● à v●bis . d Noctium Attic. l. 19. c. 13. Homo miser vites suas sibi omnes de●runcat . Quo major , eò ●●●●ior ; id●ue e●e●p●o perfice , 〈…〉 etiam ●e●●●●●endi exc●pla trib●as . Prov. 2.16 , 17. Observations of admirab●e continencie , instanced in beasts and birds . Vt er●ontur à muliere 〈◊〉 , &c. ibid. ve●s . 12. The publication of Secular 〈◊〉 used by the Heathen , was cried in these words : Conv●nite ●d ludos spectandos , quo , neque spectavit quisquam , nec spectaturus est . Suet. in Claudio , cap. 21. Po● . Virg. de invent . lib. ● . cap. 1. O●id . Trist. l●b . 2. Object . 1. Primum quod urgent illi Histri●mast : desumptum este Deutr. 22. de cultu mul●●br● , an pueris licu●● e●m assum●r● ; earumque mores assimila●● ? V●i Bez● omnes acquiescunt Theologi . Object . 2. Obiectio de sacra Scriptura sumpta & petita . Quam-plurima in publicis Theatris sunt sp●ctanda , ad regendos mores , dirigendos motus , corrigendos animi metus , admodum ●●i●●a . Object . 3. Vt metus humilitatem , sic nimia laeticia gestit levitatem . Cic. Eccles. 3.22 . Object . 4. Tertul. lib. de Patient . Theophylact. Chrysostom . Gregorie . Object . 5. De Deo loqui etiam vera periculosissimum est . A●nob . Object . 6. In Com●d . de Th●ide . * Anticyra insula est O●tae monii Thessalio opposita , ubi Helleborus crevisse dicitur . 1 Cor. 15.33 . Object . 7. Aut vi● . ul●m aut vehiculum . De civit . Dei. l. 9. c. 5. Theatra Idolatri●is is De●um sacris esse turp●ora , &c. August●nus Latinorum patr●●● Augustus . de ciuit . Dei. l. 2. c. 7. * Nun● sum designatus Aedilis , babeo rationem quòd a populo accep●ri● , mihi ludos sanctissimos maxima●um ceremonia Cereri Liberoque 〈◊〉 Cic. in Ver. Quintilianus Hypocritam Hist●ionem appellat . Qui mores , motus , gestus , incessus , voces , vultus , depo●ure & dediscere ( quorum personas agunt ) nulla modo possunt . Elizabetha orbis Phaebe , inter mulieres Syb●lla , inter reginas Saba . Homerus Sophocles heroicus , Sophocles Homerus trogicus . Had Ovid supplied Cherilus place , he might by this meanes have inriched his fortunes above the condition of a Poet. Sedeo inter suspiria & lachrymas . ●ego la●do ruris amoeni Rivo● , & mus●o circumlita sa●a , nemusque . Hor. 1. epist. 10. Carmin● se●essum scribentis & otta quaerunt . Frustra po●tas sores campos sui p●pulit . Sen. de Tranq . anim . Macrob. in so●n . Scipionis . Ad reprebendenda abena ●acta atque dicta ardes omnia animus . Solust . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Eupolis atque Cratinus , Aristophanesque poetae . Horat. Serm. li. 1. Sat. 4. Saepius me Eupolis in Theatro demersisti , semel te in mari demergam . * Ignotum Tragicae genus invenisse Camenae Dicitur , et plaustris vexisse poemata Thespis , Quae cancre●t agerentque peruncti ●aecibus ora . Horat. in art . poet . Cum fame cruciantur Christi pauperes , effusis largitatibus nutriunt histriones . Greg. Barthol . Merula . in Ovid. ●e a●● . amand . l. 2. * Can●● , canalicula seu ch●us , a●ua Romanos ●actus erat omn●●um maxime inauspicatus , Hercules , Venus seu Basilicus , omnium benignissimus . Vid. Laps . antiq . lect . lib. 3. c. 1. Turn . adu . lib. 5. cap. 6. In Tessera●io lada , Mydas ●actus erat f●● t●●at●ssimus . Demp●t . antiq . Rom. lib. 5. cap. 1. * In a Treatise entituled ; The Hunts-mans Raunge . Velletque videre , non etiam sentire . Actaeon apud Ovid. Quos montes ascendent , quas palades transibunt , quas vepres sentesque sine sensu percur●ent , modo unum Lepusculum tanto sudore capiant ? Horat. Optat aprum , aut fulvum descendere monte Leonem . Virg. — ut o●●m Gargil●us , qui mone plagas , venabula , servos Dis●ertum transi●e●orum , populumque jub●bat : Vnu● ut è multis ( Populo spectante ) referret Emp●um mulus ●p●um . Horat. Epist . lib 1.6 . Plato . Vid. Sueton. Tranquill. Greg. in Moral . exposit . in Iob. The Romans , as 〈…〉 accounted all Prodigalls mad-men . Cic. 3 de Offic. Horae non auri dispendium defleo . Of Recreations best sorting with the qualitie of a Gentleman . ☜ T●scul . lib. 4. ☜ Qui●t . Curt. ● . 1. ☞ He● quantum potuit terrae pelagiq●e parari , ho● qu●m civiles hauserunt sanguine dextra ! a Ephes. 4.26 . b Rom. 12.20 . Prov. 25.21 , 2● . c Pro. 15.1.18 . d Prov. 22.24 . 25. Lucan . The saying of Adherbal , Bomilcars sonne ; Vincere scis Hannibal , sed uti victoria nescis . L. Flor. l. 2. c. 6. Resembling Clement the fourth , who had a pregnant wit for projecting , unfortunate for atchieving . Object . Sol. Vid. Homer . in Iliad . Plin. in Nat. ●ist . Knowledges are as the Pyramides , whereof Historie is the Basis. De Orat. 1. lib. Whence Cicero moved Luccius to record his acts in his writings . Annot. in Tacit. De quo verè dici potest , ut inclytus ille L●psius de Gui●cia●dino testatus est ; " Prudens peritusque s●rip or , & qui tales Lectores suos facit . * In the Survey of Histories ; which might be rightly entitled , The Muses Wardrobe , or The Noble-mans Lecture ; dilating on the various delights of Historie , the best accomplisher of true Gentilitie . Historic●m nobilem & verum . Aug. de Civit. Dei , 4. l. Graecorum Thucyd●dem & Herodotum , Latinorum Salustium & T. Livium facilè principes esse judicamus . L●●r . V●ll . in Pr●oem . Thucyd. * Plinius Iunior wished hee might be mentioned in the Histories of Cornel. Tacitus , because he did foresee then succeeding memory . * Non solum onim● , sed etiam 〈…〉 Cic. * ☜ a Cicero said of Galba's leaden and lumpish body : His wit had an ill lodging . b Who would have majestie preserved , virtute non cultu . Ma●r●b . lib. 2. Saturnalium c. 5 Dion . l. 4 4. A●pianus Alex. Plut. in vit . Pomp. Iustin. Quint. Curt. V●d . Polydor. Fab. Stow. & al. Appian . Alex. I. Flor. l. 1. c. 1. Quint. Curt. l 3. The miserable ends of such as committed sacrilege in their time . Virg. Aeneid . l. 2. Lactant. de o●●g . error . cap. 8. Valer. Max. Vid. Chron. What good morall men have flourished in evill times . Plut. initio Apotheg . regum . Iustin. lib. 1. in fine . Non dolenda solum sed periculosa etiam res est , cum ingratis babere negatium . Senec. Appian . Alexand. O ingrata patria , ne ossa quidem ! Valer. Max. Quint. Curt. l. 6. Plut. in Apotheg . Q●anti dux , tant●●x●rcitus . L. Flor. l. 2. c. 18. Pecoribus fa●igatis quoque ve●o●●or domun gradus est . Sen. de ●●anquill . anim . lib. 1. cap 1 As in the reign of King Iohn . An. Dom. 1209. Having crossed the Seas to Ierusalem . Ideredo non s●it hominum , sed cons●ien●●a scelerum . Polydor. Virgil. How a Gentleman is to bestow himselfe in Recreation . ☞ Desunctum asserunt immod●●a laetitia & senii imbecillitate , &c. Laert. in vit . Chyl . Suet. in Nerone . Plut. in vi● . Sext. A●●d . Herodian . Virtu● atqu● sapientia maj r●n illis fuit , qui ex parvis opious tantum emperiū secere , quam in nobis , qu● ea b●ne parta vi● retinemus . Salust . Maius d●decus est pa●ta a●●ttere , qua ● non omninò pa●avisse . Peculatus ●rarii fastus est . Ibid. Assuetis nulla fit passio . 〈◊〉 . Suet. in Tiber. From this inordinate desire , spring two maine branches ; Cupi●itas acquire●di ; avid●●as retine●di : Eagernesse of gaining ; greedinesse of retaining . Blos . Omnium notarum peccatores ; Et nulli ●ein●si poenitentiae ●a●i . Tertul. ac Poe●t● . in fine . Quicquid repre●endendum non 〈◊〉 d●m est . Sen. de bene● . l. 6 cap. 39. Davide● s●lta● ▪ ●em . 〈◊〉 stupeo quàm p●gnantem . Mora. l. 27. c. 27. 2 Sam. ● . 14 . 1 Chro. 15.29 . L●dam ( inquit ) ut illud . xi . Bonus ●udus quo M●ho● iras●itur , & Deus del●ctatur . Greg. Mag. Chrysost. in Gen. Tom. 5. Tom. 6. cap. 1. Notes for div A16657-e76950 Observat. 6. Of the use of Acquaintance . Cu● . Dentatus apud Senecam de tranq . anim . Mark. 1.35 . Act. 6.9 . Prov. 1.20 . Deut. 14.16 , 17. ☞ a Bern. de vita solitaria . b Honores Mundi , tumores Mundi . Eucher . Epist. Par●ne de contempt . mundi . c Omnis seculi honor , Di●boli est negotium . Hil. can . 3. in Matth. Quaeremus unum bonum in quo sunt omnia bona & sufficit . Aug. Med. * Greg. Diligenti Deum sufficit ei placere q●em diligit , quia nulla major expetenda est remuneratio quàm ipsa d●ectio . ●eo Magnus . Serm. 7. dejejunio . Mat. 4.1.3 . Psal. 63.4 . 1 Tim. 2 8 , Iob 7.1 . Bernard . in 4 lib. de consid . ad Eugen . In codem l●b c. 4 Peri●lita●ur castitas in delaiis , humi●●tas in divit●●s , pietas in negotio , veritas in ●●ultiloquio , charitas in hoc nequam saeculo . 〈◊〉 . Gen. 1.18 . ☞ Afranius . Of the benefit we reape by Acquaintance in matters of discourse . ☞ Amor ● praesente g●nd●t , absente dolet . Bern. sup . Cant. Nil interest habere ostium apertum , vultum clausum . Cicero . No rush without mire , no corrupt heart without sinne . Plin. in Nat. hist. Iob. 20.16 . ☞ Of the choice of Acquaintance in matters of advice . Iob 16.2 . Laert. in vit . Per●and . Omnia proten pore , ni●il pro veritate . Optatus l. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ecclus. 13.1 . * Whose wood is sweetest , shade coolest , and coale hottest . Fabiolae Maus . 15. Lat●at , hac uno s●●w . S●n. in Troad . In Tiberius time . Pro. 27.5 , 6. Laert. in vit . Biant . Suet. in August . Tusc. lib. 1. Of the benefit properly derived from one friend to another in every peculiar action Plutarch . in Pelopida , initio . Plutarch in Paulo Aemilio , fine . Nihil lam aeque ●●l●cta●●ri● an●num quam am●●itia side is . Sen. in tranq . anim . Vt flores qui odore delict●nt . Ibid. * The expressive Character of a reall friend . Nam in soro sunt lites & ●c●●ones mol●●stae Posidip . dict . Si quis in hoe mundo cunctis vult gratus haberi , Det , cap●al , quaerat , plur●ma , pauca , nihil . Plato . The benefits which redound from the mutuall union or communion of friends in the exercise of Pleasure . Ioci non s●nt nimusalsi , multo minus insulsi ; illi enim multum officiuni ; isti , nisi per cachinnum , parum p●oficiunt . Vanitati prosrie festivitas cedit . Cic. de orat . lib. 2. As many Stars 〈◊〉 in the heavens bee , So many maids ha's Rome to welcome thee . As many kids as on the Downes we see , So many Prostitutes in Rome there bee . Scipio Nasica . A tergo Nemesis . Lacrt. in vil . Biant . A rule of infallible direction , touching ●h●●ce of Acquaintance . Quisquis plus justo non sapit , ille sapit . Martial . l. 14. Those jests are best seasoned , that are least saked . Of the choice or judicious approvement of Acquaintance , in affaires of highest Consequence . A●icos sequere , quos non ●ud●at ●legisse . Bias. Neither Timist nor Timonist are within the lists of Acquaintance to be entertained . The Timist or Time-observer displayed and displaced . Nec 〈…〉 Sext. Aurel. in Constant. These Timists have resemblance to those applauding Parasi●es , by whom Antiochus was at one time saluted both 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a glorious Prince , and a furious tyrant . Tam gravis ille mihi nigri quàm limina ditis , Ore aliud qui fert , aliud suo pect●re condit . Homer . lib. 2. ☞ Cum Catilina polliceri novas tabulas , proscriptiones divitum , magistratus , sacerdotia , rapinas , ali● omnia quae bellum atque libido victorum fert . Salust . Plures homines pudore magis quam bona voluntate prohibitis abstinent . Esse inter nocentes 〈…〉 est . Cyprian . Epist. 2. Ca●panus . ☞ ☞ Peccatum semper pregnans , 〈◊〉 ex alio gig●●t . Vitia m●bi sant an . mi. Sen. V●tia ad vi●inos serpunt & con●acta no●ent . ib. * Quae male ●●ssi●●tur , mis●r● insicitur . Q●●t vit●a , tot D●moni● . Tot Daemo●ia , quo● 〈…〉 . Si inrecentes 〈…〉 praemia . Salust . Gratia quae coeat fict●●ale-s●rta sodalis Est velut in Siculo Scylla cavenda mari . Pub Faust. Andrel . Pro. 29.5 . The Timonist . or Time detracter discovered and discarded . ☞ Ar●st . Hist. ani●n . Nosque ubi 〈…〉 oriens 〈…〉 rubens 〈◊〉 ●umina 〈◊〉 . Tu voluptatem complecteris , nos compescirrus . Tu omnia voluptatis causa facis , nos nihil . Sen. de malis accidentibus bonis . Lib. 1. Neu tihi pulchra patent caeci vestigia mundi , ●allere quae citi● quam renovare solent ? Plutarch . What directions are to be observed in the choice of a wife . Gen. 1.13 . The harsh and heremiticall conceit of the Carthaginian Arminius , touching Mariage . Se non prosperae tantum , sed ●mn● fortunae inssesocietatem . — vix ulla perennior u●na est Vel tibi grata magis , proprio quam corp●re bustum Condere . — und requiescit in urna . Ovid. Met. lib. 4. Hebr. 13.4 . Arist. lib. 1. Polit . cap. 1. Eam ●ligas mag●●●●● , quem magis admire is 〈◊〉 ●ideas , qu●m cum anci●● . S●neca . Egnatius quod candidos habet dentes re●id●t usquequaque , seu aed rei ventum est subsellium . Vid. Catull. in lib. E●eg . a Epictet . Enchirid . b Cypr. de discip●ina & habitu virg . ☜ c Petr. Mart. in 2 Reg. 9.30 . d Cyprian . e A●b● . Hexam . lib. 6. cap. 8. f Hieron . g Iunius . h Aug. de Christ. fide . i Ambros. lib. 1. de offic . cap. 18. k Hier. ad Furiam de vid. Ser. Tom. 1. l Tertul. de hab . Mal. cap. 7. m Scult . n Cyprian . in lib. de hab . virg . o Vict. ad Salmonem . p Tho. Hudson . q Clemens Alex. const . Apost . l. 1. cap. 9. r Hier. de exitu Leae . s Vict. ad Salmonem . t Caesar. in Comment . u Nazian . contra multeres immodice c●mptas . x Laert. lib. 6. Optimisunt odores qui adorant m●●s , al●te● no● sunt flores sed faetores . y Lessius dej●sti . 〈◊〉 & jure . lib. 4. cap. 4 fol. 802. z Pet. Al●gora in Compend o Manu●l . Navar. c 25 ▪ Numb . 19. f●l . 257. Laert. in vit . C●e●b . Portion and Proportion . a Vbi Deus est , ibi p●dicitia . H●●●en . ad Furiam de vid. Serm. Tom. 1. b Velamen istud An●i●hristi . ibid. Cal. Rhod. lib. 12. cap. 8. Privileges of Marriage . Plin. l. 35. c. 10. Laert. in vit . Chyl . Fortes creantur fortibus & bonis : Est in juvencis , est in equis patrum Virtus — Horat. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Insel cem dicebat Bias qui ferre nequiret inselicita●em . ●aert . Pomp. 〈◊〉 l. 1. Quorsum alter dives , alter pauper ? Theophrast . Nil habet infelix paupertas darius in se , Quam quod ridiculos homines facit — Iuven. Sat. 3. Quem sugiam scio , quem sequar nescio . Homer . Iliad . 5. Nihil turpius dubio & incerto , pedem monò reserente , modò produc●nte . Sen. epist. 96. Sundry inducing motives to Love recounted . Parentage . Benevolence . Fame . Pardoning of injuries . Numb . 12.10.13 . Concurrencie in hatred . Compassion in affliction . 1 King. 22.2 . 2 Sam. 15.37 . Ecclus. 6.14 . Virtus in infirmitate perficitur . 2 Cor. 12.7 . Delivery from danger . Judith 13.10 . Esther 8.11 . Exod. 15.1 . Joshua 24.31 . Judg. 16.2 . Maccab. 13.15 V●d . Eccl. à cap 44. ad 51. Expression of vertue . 1 K●ng . 24.26 . Acknowledgement of injuries . A position of Aristot. Rhet. 2. cap. 4. Vt tenuissima scintilla quae in Oceanum demittitur . Chrysost. in hom . ad Pop. Suffering of injuries . Bountie , or Munificense . 2 Cor. 9.7 . Ecclus. 6.8.13 . Ecclus. 12.8 , 9. Ibid. cap. 13.6.8 . Obad. 7. Arist. Eth. lib. 4. Of Constancie in the choice of Acquaintance . Ecclus. 6.7.5 . 14. A●ârunt Solem ardentem , oderunt arguentem . Vt ab iis meliores fiant , aut eos quibuscum versantur , meliores faciant . Inter Vestales hoc celebre fu●t , primò discunt quid agant , pof●ea agunt quod discunt , tertio alios d●cent quod discant & agant . Non est strepitus oris , sed jubilus cordis , non sonus labiorum , sed mo●us gaudior●● , con . ordia voluntatum non cons● nantia vocum ; Parum enim pro. lest sola voce cantare sine cordis intentione . Bern. * Etiam cadaver mortui officioso gestu precabatur . Quaerite quod quaritis , sed non ubi quaritis . August . Delicatus magister est , qui pleno ventre dispatat de ●●junio . Hieron . Qui saturest pleno lauda● jejuni● ventre . Ecclus. 13.16 . Quint. Curt. l. 1. Amicitiae ut pares quaerunt itae & faciunt . Vt cuique est atas , ita quemque facetus adopta . Hor. l. 1. epist. 6. Suaves omnes siunt sales Inter socios & sodalci . Quae demen●ia est potius trabis quàm sequi ? Seneca . Nec quia delectat , placet ; sed quia placet , delectat . ibid. Engregium apud vos virtutis officium ●●●●ptates persuadere : Super mensam recognoscentes omnia gentium animalia : & quò magis implentur , eò magis inexplebiles . ibid. Three faculties of the understanding . These observe that maxime ; He that knoweth how to speake well , knoweth also when he must hold his peace . These thinke an houre before they speake , and a day before they promise . ☜ In lib. de se●re● . s●cret●r . ☜ Eccl. 26.28 , 29 Talis substantia non est stabilis , aut ipsis inventibus est peritura , aut à ma●is haeredibus est dissipanda . Chrysost. in Mat. Ecclus. 9.10 . Aristot. l. 4. Eth. Of Reservancie towards Acquaintance . Eccles. 6.7 . Chap 27.16 . to 22. Iudg. 14.18 . Chap. 16.19 . Eccles. 33.18 . Verse 19. Secrecie . Aditum nocendi perfido praestat sides . Sen. in Ocdip . ☜ 1 Sam 6.19 . 2 King. 20.13 . Arcanum neque t● s●rulaberis ullius 〈◊〉 ; Comm●ss●m● nelegis , & 〈◊〉 tortus & ●ra . H●r . Frontem a●eriat , mentem legat . Ci● . 1 Sam. 20.12 . 30. Quid difficile ? arcana ( inquit ) retice●e , & ocium recte disponere . Laert. in vit . Chyl . ☜ Aristot. ☜ Seneca . Sext. Aurel. in vit . Commodi . 2 Sam. 15.32 . 2 King. 18.21 . ☜ Stow Annal. in vit . Iohan. Reservancie in respect of our Substance . Sal●st . Prodigus & stu●tus donat quae spernit , & odit . Horat. l. 1. ep . 7. Ecclus. 33 21. Nascitur escopulu , nutritus lacte serino , Et dicam silices pectus habere suum . Ovid. Ecclus. 33.18 . 28. Of the absolute end of Acquaintance . Omni● labor alisquò reseratur , aliquò respiciat , Sen. de tranq . anim . Cornel. Gall. Seneca . ☜ Aristot. Laert. in vit . Biant . Ecclus. 6.13.8 . ☜ In It●nera●io . pag. 444. Scolasti●us & Mendi●u● ; ● S●●ulacea●a ! Nonne alterius seculi 〈◊〉 est transire per terram auri sine auro ? Bern. de Consid. lib 4. Zeno noster cum omnis su● audiret submersa , jubet ( inqui● ) ●e fortuna expeditiùs Philosophari . Sen. de tranq . anim . Morgam vos ne mergar à vobis . Magnum est malum non posse ferre malum . Sen. Sen. de mal . accident . bonis . lib. 1. Especiall offices wherein friendship and Acquaintance should be exercised . ☜ Arist. Maxima f●lici●as hujus mundi consistit in amicis . Boe● . de consol . Phil. Nemo me amicus ben●sicen●ia , nemo inferend● injuria ●imicus superavit . Plut. in vit . Syll. Posse & nolle , nobile . ☞ * Vsque ad adventum Christi , Brita●nia fertilis provincia tyrannorum , & Scoticae gentes , omnesque usque ad Ocean●m per circuitum barbarae nationes , Moysen Prophetasque ignorabant . b Stow Annal. in vita Morgani . c Camdeni Britan . in Essexia . d Stow Annal. in vita Bladud & Leyre Regum , & Severi Imperatoris . e Iuellus in Tractat . de sacris Scripturis . pag. 129. Act 19.28 . Templum Christi ●n te● plum Iov●s , Mariae in Veneris diceres ●onversa . D Aeg●●●ius . f Gildas ▪ l●b de victoria A●tchi A● . g Nicephorus l. 2. cap 40. h D●rotheus in Synopsi . cap. 23. Rom 16.10 . 2 Tim. 4.21 . The flourishing state of the Church , amidst many hoarie winters of innovation . i Advers . Iudae . cap. 3. H●spaniarum omnes termini , & Galliarum diversae nationes , & Britanna um i●accessa Romanis l●ca Christo vero subdita . k Hom. 4. in Ezek . Qu●ndoterra Britanniae ant● adventum Christi●n univ● Dei cons ●sit relig●onem ? Nunc vero uni●●●sa terra cum leticia clamat ad Dominum . l Socrat. l. 1. c. 9. m Hom. 18. in 2 Cor. n Epist. ad Ev●grium . Anno 500. Columbanus in Anglio , Palladius in Scoli● , Patritius in Hibernia s●o●uit . o Advers . Grae. lib. 9. p Epist. lib. 2. cap. 58. q Hist. lib. 1. c. 1. Vide praeter caeteros n●cn inu● melyti nominis , vitam B●rnard● . lil . 2 cap. 7. & . Bernard . de considerat . lib 3. Si mi●cere licet figmentis sacra pr●fa●is . In upupae nido lapis est diversi coloris , qui tam occultae est virtutis ut gerentem p●ane invisibilem ●od let . Albert. Mag. Basil. Omnis injuria in sensu patientis . Gravis est miseria iniquè fere●ti , suavis au●em est divino amore serv●●t● . Praecept . 9 vid. Gaguin . lib. 7. Hist. Franc. Sur. Tom. 4. Notes for div A16657-e98650 Observat. 7. Moderation defined . Omnis quae à ratione suscipitur de al qua re institutio , debet a definitione p●oficisci , ut intellig●tur quid sit id , de quo disputetur . Cic. offic . lib. 1. Nihil interest an habeas , an non concupiscas . Sen. ☞ Dii tibi divitias dederant , artemque fruendi . Hor. epist. lib. 1. ☜ Plutarch . in vit . Camill. 〈◊〉 . Alex. Plutarch . in vit . V●spas . Habere vitam in patientia , ● ortem in des●d●rio . Sen. ☞ Caberes Christi , quid gaudes ? quia sucius es pecorum ? Aug. Mihi credite , mori mallem quàm imperare . Oth● . Curia curis stringitur , Diadema spinis cingitur . Aphorism . Sen. in Thiost . No vertue can subsist without it . ☞ Quint. ●urt . Plutarch . in vit . Ages . Plutarch . in Alexandio . Plut. in Apo●heg . Eras. in Apotheg . Ludens par impar , equita●sque in arundine longa . Agis rex Lacedemon . ☜ La●rt . in Chilo . What excellent fruits are derived from Temperance . Homer . lib. 10. odyss . Oculidolores . Plut. in vit . Alex. ☜ Honores mundi , tumores mundi . Eucher . ●pist . Paraen . de contempt . mundi . Velamen istud Antich●●sti . Hieron . ad Furi●m de vid. Serm. Tom. 1. Amici sures temporu . Cic. Arist. lib. 1. Ethic. cap. 5. Accepit luxuries sceptrum ; quid sperandum est praeter nauf●agium ? August . Plut. in Apoth . Car● & mundus plenisunt sp●nis : conversari in his & non laedi , divinae potentiae est , & non virtutis humanae . Bern. ☜ Quint. Curt. li. 3. Cùm de virtutibus agitur , nulla excellent●or ●ernitur quam illa , quae in cast●s ad●lescentibus invenitur . Salust . in Iug. Vid. Plutarch . in Apotheg . Q. Curt. lib 4. cap. 11. Mallem quaeri cur Statua m●hi nulla posita ●it , quàm cur sit . Cato . Seneca . Praefulgebant Iunius & Blaes●●● , eo ipso , quòd effigies ●orum non visebantur . Tacitus . Plut. in vit . Legitur in Gestis Romanorum , quod ille qui primi●ùs inter eos vestem purpuream induit , a fulgure percussus est , & sic interut . Faces faecesque superbiae , S●●ton Aul. Gell. noct . Atti. l. 13. c. 11. Alex. Gen. dier . lib. 5. cap. 21. Stuckius de convi . lib. 2. cap. 2. ☜ Haec duo à Deo , mudò cum conservatione naturae stare ●oterint , unici postulabat ; ut a loquendo & edendo perpetuò abstineat . Vltimum r ▪ ●ugium natur● , est potus . Axioma . ☞ Gellan Nect . Attic . Aug. de Academ . ☞ Laert. in vit . B●ant . ☞ August . lib. 3. de Bapt. cont . Don. cap. 10. Ebrietas in●mica est cogni●oni Dei ; Cupiditas 〈◊〉 necessitudim Diabolt . Ambrey . lib. 1. de Abraham . Quil●xuriatur vivero mortuus est . Hier. Bona est cas●itas conj●g●l● ▪ mel●or continentit vidualis , optima perfectio vi●ginalis . Beda . Qui non nuhent & ●xor●s non ducunt , sicut Adgeli in terra sunt . Ambros. Supergreditur virginitas conditionem humanae naturae , per quam homo angel●s assimilatur . ibid. Virginitas si lab●tur , nulla poenilentia reparatur adintegritatem . Isid. de Sum. Bon. A●denter loquor , cum omnia possit Deus suscitare , tamen non potest virginem post rian●m . Valet quidem de poena ●●●●rare , sed non valet ●o ronare corruptam . Hier. ☜ Velea , or Velleia . Alphons . in lib. de Haeres . in verb. Tyrannis . S●to lib. 5. de lust . & lure . quaest . 1. artic . 3. Si tanta humilitate se deprimit divina majestas , superbire in quo andet & praesumit humana infirmitos ? Aug. de const●ctu viciorum . ☞ Mihi m●●abile sit quod non enecentur , cum tancum onus bajalent . Clem. Alexand. 2. Paedag. O nobilem magis quam foelicem pannum ! Stob. Ser. 47. Sen. Epist. 47. Visus jam est vestis non tegumenti . Clem. Alex. Paedag . lib. 2. cap. 16. Chrysost. Tom. 1. Hom. Vivere & mori naturae functio : Indi●●io esse proprio duc●●ur . Ambros. ep . 70. Venter vitae Charibdis . Diog. apud Laert. Chrysost. Hom. 4. in Gen. Impossibile est hic implere ventrem & ibi mentem . Hier. in epist. Si sermo meus caperetur , caperet : Nam si● est sermo Dei , & sic esse debet fidelibus , sicut pisci hamus ; tum capit qu●ndo capitur , nec sit captis injuris ; ad salutem enim , non ad perniciem capiuntur . Aug Tract . 42. in Iohan. Aug. in l. Confess . Blos . Collyr . Haret . Gregor . in Mor. exposit . in Iob. Qui per annos plurimos tecum familiariter vixit , ad m●nsam tuam sedit , cibum de manu tua sumpsit , in sinu tuo dormivit : cum v●luit , tecum colloquium habuit , lic j●re haer●ditario servus tuus est . Bernard . Aristot. de Historia animalium . lib. 6. cap 9. Lucretius lib 6. Oppianus lib. 2. de venatione . ☞ Ebriosus consundit naturam , amittit gratiam , perdit gloria●● , incurrit damna●●onem aeternam . Ambros. lib. de Paenut . Dum absorbent ●inum absorbentar à vino . Vt cautes , evitemus cali●es , ni in ore na●seam , in mente nausragium sentiamus . Pestis non saevius grassatur in urb● , quam Ebrieta● in corde . ☞ Bosil . * Amongst which consorts of death , if at any time it bee your fortune to encounter with these civill city-foists , whose Cheats are their Chequer , timely discard them , lest untimely experience make you distate them . Run with the RO● unto the Rose ; The ROE must win , the Rooke must lose : For Northern Rookes are little worth Compar'd with those the South brings forth . Senec. de tranq . anim . Bernard . August . Emissinus . Stultum est servire diabolo offenso , quinullo placatur obsequio . Greg. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ☞ Wherein Moderation is to be used . Aurum horamque petunt , petendo perdunt , perdendo periunt . Expence of Coine . Tertull. instit . lib. 3. cap. 23. This is excellently secōded by a Princely pen , in a pithy Poem directed to all persons of ranke or qualitie to leave the Court , and returne into their own Country . Relata ad se magnitudine aeris alicujus , quam quidam Eques Romanus dum vixit cclav ▪ rat , culcieram emi cubicularem sibi jussit : & praeceptum mirantibus hanc ratione redd●dit ; Habenda est ad somnum culcitra , in qua ille cum tanium d●beret , dormire pot●●it . Macrob. Saturn . l. 2. c. 4. Frugall men being rightly stiled , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tusc. l. 3. Dona prius quàm tempora dedit . Datur etiam vermibus nere●e viscer●bus , acuratiorem cultum praebere hominibus . Vid. Pet. Mart. Quò cumuli gazae , si desin● ossibus urrae ? Ensdem penates habu●t & regi●m , & rogum , & sepulchrum . Valer. Max. de Tull. Hostil . Ambros. Aug. Epist. 144. Bernard . de Adventu s●rm . 1. Aug●st . in M●d. ca● . 9. Expence of time . Eucherius . Nil preciosius tempore , & heu nil hodie eo vilius invenitur : transeunt di●ssalutis & nemo cogital . Bern. Majus dedecus est , par●a amittere , quàm non omninò paravisse . Salust . Martial . lib. 14. Sext A●●el . in Domit. Ne quid us●uam honesti occu●●●●l 〈◊〉 . Vid. Tacit. Quàm quisque pess●me fici● , ●am maxime t●t●s est . Salust . Cujus cupediae ●er ula mediae , cujus januae ca●cera mendici . Dan. 5.6 . Pet. Dam. de hora Mortis . Sic mihi divitias , samuli patie●dolahores , Nec minor est domino servus in aresu● . Eccles. 4 8. V●inam invidi oculos haberent in ●mnibus locis , ut de omnibus soelicitatibus torquerentur : Nam quanta sunt foelicium gaudia , tanti invidorum sunt gemitus . Seneca . Luke 12. 19. 20. 1 Mac. 6.11 . 13. Fiori non potest ut male muriatur , qui bene vix●rit . Bl●s . Encli●id . pirvul . auth●r . Moderation of the Passions of the minde reduced to two Subjects . Ioy. Iob 31.25 . He●●er 5 11. Eccles. 2.2 . Dan. 5.1 , 2 , 3 , &c. Iob 31.29 . Prov 10.23 . Esay 5.11 . Iob 24.15 . Zeph 1 9. Gen. 21.9 . Iob 17.6 . Psal. 69.12 . G●l . 6.14 . 1 Thess. 4.7 . Sorrow . 2 Sam. 13.2 . 1 King. 21.4 . Gen. 37.11 . Ionah 4.1 . * Or , Gederans . Ioseph . li. 17 6.13 . Matth. 8.34 . Quo quisque sanctior , co ejus in orando fletus uberior . Aug. Via est incipientibus : veritas est proficientibus : & vita perfectis . Tho. à Campis in soliloq . animae . cap. 12. 1 Cor. 2.14 . Bernard . ☜ Wh●rin Moderation is to be limited . Aug. Soliloq . cap. 12. 1 Iohn 2.16 . Cōcupiscence of the flesh . Gen. 34.1 . 1 King. 21.2 . 2 Sam. 11.2 . Iudith 16.11 . Gen. 25.30 . Dan. 4.17 . Esther 7.10 . Dan. 5.1 . Dan. ● . 30 . Acts 12.22 . Qui modò immortalu vocabar , &c. Euseb. Ephes 5.29 . August ▪ de civil . Dei , l. 19. c. 27. ☜ Tertul lib. de poenilen , initio . Quem de stumine Gallo , qu● per Phrygiam labitur , propinasse ar●itremur ; de q●o quicunque bibit , tautepere insanire solet , ut seipsum illicò castraturus est . Pump . Laetus de sacerd . Blos . Tertul. in Apolog . c. 45. Psal. 11.8 . ☞ ☞ Noctium Atticarum li. 19. c. 13. Cōcupiscence of the eye . Gen. 23.19 . 2 King 2.9 15. 1 Cor. 13.1 . Corpore interius , sed corde exterius . Bernard . Med. cap. 8. ☞ Columella lib. 5. cap. 9. Foetorem quem ab ibis p●i●s emisissel , ob ore denuo recipit . Pl●n . in Na● ▪ bist . Aelian . Gerson . Ariost● . Erga mundum hab●amus oculum re●ortum . Pride of life . August . Soliloq . cap. 2● . Omnia metiri malim dignitate quam ambitione . Pl●n . in epist. * Judging of anothe● consisteth in these three points : First , when a man doth well , to say he doth evill . Secondly , whē a man doth evill , to say that man doth worse . Thirdly , when a thing is doubtfull , to take it in the worser part . Vid. Annal. Stow. Laert. in vit . Pittaci . ☜ Pallium video , Philosophum non video . ☜ Comment in 1 Regum cap. 1. Chrysost. lib. de orand● Des. August . Soliloq . cap. 1● . Of the accomplished end which attends Moderation . Lib. de Philosophi● apud Aug. de Civitate Dei. lib. 29. cap. 1. The difference betwixt the Ethnick and Christian Ethick , in the opinion of Felici●ie . Prov. 10.17 . August . Bernard . Revel . 22.10 . a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nazian . b Qui nil habe● in m●ndo quod appetat , nihil est quod de mundo per timescal . Cyprian . c Quis ei deseculo metus est , cui in seculo Deus tutor est ? ibid. De hac die lux pr●ficit , sed nox deficit . Aug. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appellat Clemens . August . de Civil . Det. lib. 21. cap. 6. Tract . 49. in Iob. Vnde mors in anima ? quia non est fides . Vnde● ors in co●po●e ? quia non est anima . Ergo animae tuae anima est fides . Vid. Lansparg . in Pharetra divini Amoris . Anger . This might be instanced in our late Fleet●street tumult . ☜ Plutarc . in Apotheg . Roman . ☜ Cic. Tusc. lib. 4. Ir● mort●lium debet esse mortalis . Lactant. Wantonnesse . ☞ August . ☜ Pride . August . Wherein true content properly consisteth . The goods of the Minde . Plato in Tymaeo . Pri●ùm eritur , pos●remum moritur . Quis me S●ygias mittet ad umb●as ? Morijuvabit , poena nam gravior nece est . Sen. in Octav. Messala Corvin . The goods of the Body . Plut. in vit . Aut. Gel. Noct. Attie● . 5 c. 9. Sutton . Tra●● . Homer . in odys. Certum est quod morieris , incertū est quando , quomod● , aut ubi ; quoniam ●bique te mors expectat , tu quoque si sapiens sueris , ubique eam expect . bis . Bern. in Med. 3. Excutit redeuntem natura , ut intrantem . Sen. V●●● introitus , innumeri exitus . Menander . Nazian . in suneb. orat . pro Casario . The goods of Fortune . Aug. Soliloq . cap. 20. ☜ Notes for div A16657-e117810 Observat. 8. Two Considerations of maine consequence . Bern. Mod. 15. August . Manual . cap. 8. The Christians complete Armour . Augustin . Sicut nullus locus vacat à peccando , ita nullus locus vacet à precando . a Matth. 4.1.3 . b Luke 19.47 . c Marke 4 38. d 1 Thess. 5.3 . e Exo. 17.11.12 f Dan. 6.22 . g 2 Paralip . 37. h 2 Sam. 12.20 i Ierem. 37.15 . Qui copiosiores sunt , & volunt pro arbitrio quisq●e suo quod visum est contribuuill , & quod ita colligitur apud praepositum deponitur , &c. Iust. Mart. Apol. 2. Non peccatorem , sea j●stum panperem nu●rit , quia in illo non culpam , sed naturam diligit , &c. Greg. Mag. The fruit of Fasting . Vid. Cyprian . serm . de jejuni● tom . 2. Basil. de jeju● . homil . 1. Tertul. lib. de jijun . Origen . hom . 10. in Levit. Vid. Bedem ; qu● viro verè venerabil● ( tes●im●nio Polydori ) nihil fuit castiu● , nihil melius , nihil verius , &c. Polydor . lib. 1. Greg. in Mor. Expos. in Iob. ☜ Hieron . The power of Prayer . In Dei auribus d●siderium vehemens clamor magnus est ; remissa inten●io , vox submissa . Bernard . Greg. in dialog . Nazian . in Epitaph . Gorgon . sororis ejus . Euseb. in hist. Hieron . in vit . Paul. Er●mit . Vid Dict. Andr. in Tortura Tort. Greg. Nazian . ☜ Cicero 1. lib. de Orat. Plut. in vit . Cicer. 4. lib. Tuscul. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Solonis dict . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 Physic. Matth. 5.48 . Heb. 6.1 . 1 Cor. 1.10 . Coloss. 1.28 . Of the contemplative part . Psal. 89.11 . August . Lanspurg . Aug. Soliloq . cap. 34. 2 Tim. 4.10 . Acts 8.11 . Acts 19.24 . Ignoravi , quod ●an s●●vis , O bone Iesu , esse● tuus emp●e●us , tam b●nestus at●actus tuus , tam debciosus convictus tuus . Bonave●● . August . Soliloq . Cap. 22. N●● invenio quid licentius appellandum ex●●limenus coelum ●●eli domino , quam contemplantem &c. Aug. M●● c. 19. August . Soliloq . cap. 21. Veni●● ad 〈…〉 perfectio est . Caesar Arelat●nsis . hom . 23. p. 14. Aug. in ●●tract . de Anton. E●cmita hoc ●ef●rt , q●em . Damas●●n : pri●um monasticae vitae professorem vocat . vid. Histor. Barla●m . vid. Paul● Diaconum . 1 Tim. 6.6.18 , 19. Philip. 4.11 . ☞ * Magis resistit ignis fe●ro quàm ligro , sed cum ignis vincat utrunque , intensior est calor in ferro quam in ligno . Stoll . de contempt . m●nd . Quod tentationi quorundam Sanctorum assimilari potest : Acriùs tentationi resistunt , susceptam tamen aliiùs retinent . A three-fold Meditation of necessary consequence . Aug. Med. c. 27. Vita corporis anima , vita animae Deus . August . Manual . cap. 25. * Viscus est amor possessionis , affectus cognatio●● , cupidi●a h●noris , & 〈◊〉 voluptas . Bern. Med. 14. Aug. Med. c. 15. Non est aequum tempore & die memoriam benefi●it definir● . Cicero . Of the Active Part. Omnia volumus scire , nihil agere . Gasper . in Hippolit . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gell. Noct. Att●● lib. 17. cap. 19. Luke 18.21 . 22. 23. Multi miscrisunt magis habendo quod amant quàm carendo . Amando enim res noxias , niseri habendo sunt miseriores . Aug. Sic vivite , ut nemo de vobis male loqui absque mendacio possit . Hieron . epist. ad Coelum de instit . matris . ☞ ☜ Morbianimi sunt vitia . ☜ Petrarch . Two especiall memorialls recommended to our devoutest meditation . 1. The Author of our Creation . 2. The End of our Creation . August . Soliloq . cap. 20. Ecce pulchrū ac p●●tiosis lapide patre ●ad●ver tegentem ! Gasp. in He●aclit . ☜ Plato . Aug. Soliloq . c. 9. ☜ In Vit. Anselm . Aug. Soliloq . c 8. Aug. Soliloq . c. 31 Rom. 1.20 . The end of our Creation . Luke 11.27 . 28. Math. 12.47 . 48. 49. 50. Vid. Aegid in hunc locum . ●●ria Quart. & Quint. Hebd . Prim. Nec prederunt hic divitiae divitibus , nec parentes filiis , nec Angeli ipsi proderunt . Chrysost. Ille Ind●x nec gratia p●evenitur , nec misericordia iam fectitur , nec pecunis corrumpitur , nec satisfactione v●l poena mitigabitur . August . Singular precepts of Mortification . Hieron . ad Demet . Act. 9.39 . Ibid. prope finem . ☞ Idlenesse begetteth securitie , properly termed the Soules Lethargie . Parum est legere , aut colligere ; sed intelligere , & in formam redigere , hoc artis , hoc laboris est . Casman . Vid. Histor. Barlaam . Aug. in retract . Bernard . A Christians Ephemerides . ☜ Basil. Plutarch . in moral . Revel . 9.1 . Coloss. 3.5 . 1 King. 21.4 16 Luke 19 8. Luke 16.19 . ● Sam. 13.2 . Gen 3.1 . & 37.4 Gen. 4 5. Prov. 26.15 . The Active part preferred . Agapetus . ☜ Bern. de interdomo . c. 1. N●cetas . u. Nazianzen . Ambros. epist. 70. Anime tuae gratum feceris si misericors fu●ris . Bern. de m●do bene vivendi . Nil magis commendat Christianum animū &c. Ambros. 1. Tim. pag. 8. Tract . 5. in Ioh. Dives factus est propter pauperem , & pauper propter divitem ; pauperit est rogare , divitis erogare . August . He preacheth best , Qui dicit non lingud sed vitâ . Aug. s●r . 18. de verb Dom. Charitas viscera tua percutiat . August . Vt à Christo accepimus beneficium , praestemus Christiani officium , praebendo membris Christi hospitium . Provocaris Christiane , provocaris a vidua in certa●en August . 1 King. 17 15. Iohn 4.7.9 1 Sam 25.10 . Eo d●e in qu● ratio reddetur , quid fecimus , non quid novimus , quaeretur . Object . Sol. Luke . 5.16 . Object . Sol. The Active preferred before the Contemplative for two respects . G●spar . in Heraclit . cap. 2. Mundum ex animo priùs fugare , quàm mundum sugere . Nec divinitùs acceptum talentum●n terram defodere . ibid. Wherein the Active part of Perfection consisteth . ☞ Aug. de Civit. Dei l. 19. c. 27. Active Perfection consisteth in Mortification of action and affection . Mortification extends it selfe in a three-fold respect , to these three distinct subjects . 1. Life . 2. Name . 3. Goods . Mortification in our disesteeme of life . Iren. advers . haeres . lib. 5.6.28 . ☞ Euseb. in Eccles. Hist. Ruffinus lib. 10 hist. cap 36. * 〈◊〉 multis the●a est , mihi litera foelix . Si 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 soi bit , scribit & ill . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Act. 16 33. Plin. lib. 8. c. 32. Aug. Tract . 49. i● Iohan. Hollinshed . ☞ Cyprian . Contrariisunt illis sactiosi ●aeretici , quorum conscientia usque adiò sunt amplae , ut in illis civitatem decem millium civium aedificare possis , quemadm●dum quidam Magnum Alexandrū depinxit . Aegid . in 1 Thess. 5. Tertul. 4. l. cont . Marcionist . ☜ In omnibus quae agimus , finem intentionis , magis quàm actum operationis intendit . August . Soliloq . cap. 14. Luke 18.14 . Luke 11.42 . * Parùm res●rt , vesti● tua an S●ricea an Cilicea , modò pudica sit , non meretricia . Lanspurg . in Pha●etra divini amoris . Ibid. Scire debes , quòd quamvis de mor●e meditari sit horribile , de statu finalis judicii cogitare , ut aestimo , non minus est sormidabile : quia nullus tunc polerit fall●re sapientiam , flectere just tiam , inclinare clementia● , declinare ultionis & justae retributionis sententiam . Bern. Mortification in our dis-respect of fame or report . Mortification in averting our eare from our ●wne praise . ☞ Pha●●orin . lib. 1. de rebu● gest . A●b●ns . Ealaus , D. Augustini judicio , unicè approbanda est , quando nec laudantem adulatio movet , nec laudatum tentat elatio . Aug. Soliloq . c. 15 Mortification in suffering aspersions laid on our good name . Matth. 5.11 , 12. Quod si ipse Dei Filius à Diabolo in Eremo tentatus fuit ; qu● Eremita●um idem non expectet ? G●sper . in H●ra●lit● . Vid. Aegidium in hunc locum . Matth 4 7 , 8. 9. Tota vita Christi in terris quae per hominem gessit , disciplina morum fuit Omnia bona mundi Christus contempsit , quae contemnenda docuit : & omnia mala sustinnit , quae sustinenda percepit ; ut in illis non quaereretur faelicitas , neque in istis timeretur infaelicitas . Aug. dever . rel . ☜ Ambros. epist. 70. The commendation shall ever live which A●b●ose giveth to Theodosius the Emperour ; Beneficium se p●tabat accepisse august 〈◊〉 o●iae Theodosius , quoti●s rogabatur ignoscere . Optabatur in co , quod timebatur in aliis , ut irasceretur . De ob●t . Theo. ☞ Cha●o● nec Lethis caeca Charybdis saedoru● sacras sorde Charites . S●crat . in Eccles. Hist. lib. 1. cap. 21. The Arrians scandalized the great Athanasius . Plutarch . in vit . Act. 8.17 , 18 , 19. 20. 2 Tim. 4.14 . 15. Luke 9.54 . 55. Iohn 7.20 . Matt. 9.34 . Matt. 11.19 . Act. 2.13 . Scandalum Pharisaeorum . Scandalum Pasillorum . Scandalum activum . Scandalum passivum . ☞ Mortification in our cōtempt of all worldly substance . Prov. 3.9 . 10. Two remarkable considerations : first , by whom these blessings are conferred on us ; secondly , how they are to be disposed by us . Non dabit quod non habet . Aug. Isa. 55.13 . Isa. 55.13 . Luke 16.9 . Signa viis reparant , ut nomina nota relinquant , Ma●more quae sculpto romen manis bab●nt . Luke 14.16 , 17 , &c. Poenitentia dol●rum , non rem●ssionis ●e●catorum . Chrysos● ho● . 7. in Iohan. Aug lib. 1. de ci 〈◊〉 . Dei , c●p . 18 Greg. l●b 20. Me●a● . cap. 12. Act. 4.34 , 35. An accurate repetition and connexion of the precedent Meditations . Gal. 6.10 . a Nullum Deo grati 〈◊〉 sacrificium , quàm zelus 〈◊〉 . Greg. in hom . 12. sup . Ezech. b Nam qui non ardet , non accendit . Bernard . c Nec lucere potest , nisi prius ardeat . Aquin. in 5. Iohan. d Lucerna quoad officium , extinctae quoad effectum . Ibid. Quod emittitur voluntarium est : quod amittitur necessarium . Ambros. Qui à die in d●em deserunt , donec Parcae cuncta auserunt . Non memini me legisse mala morte mortuum , qui liben●èr opera 〈◊〉 exercuit . Hieron . in epist. ad Nepotianum . Quàm immensa est laetitia de recordatione transacta virtutu ! &c. Bern. in fest . omnium Sanctorum . serm . 2. Iob 5.7 . The absolute or supreme end whereto this Actuall Perfection aspireth , and wherein it solely resteth . Chrysost. Aug. Soliloq . c. 2. T●rent . in Heauron . Plan. in Rudente . Prov. 6.25 . Ecclus. 1.23 . Eccles. 1.18 . 16.7.23.24 . ☜ Scire omnia volumus , nihil agere . Gasper . in Herac. cap. 2. Sub quorum velamine , frequenter magna avaritia comperitur . Vincent . de vit . Spirit . cap. 1. Sive dormiam sive vigil●m , somniat : & cogitat quicquid ei occurrit . Bern. Med. cap. 9. In 〈◊〉 honorem 〈◊〉 ne praeveniatur , in possidendo valdè si●et ne privetur . Cui tam d●●st quod habet , quàm quod non hab●t . Adeptae voluptatis Coronidem si quares , poenitentiam invenies . Cum se cuncta novisse putat , plura se ignorasse quàm didicisse , indies sentit . Si à Deo non affligotur homo , seipsum effliget . in Herac. cap. 3. I●a de humano arbitratu pensitatur divinita● , nisi Deus homini placuerit , Deus non erit . Tertul in Apol. cap. 5. Ibid. cap. 3. Vid. vit . Honor. C●rporis vitamus venena non animi . ibid. in Herac. Quis vicinus malus , quis latro , quis insidiator tibi tollit Deum ? Et potest tibi sollere totum quod possides corpore , non libi tollit eum quem possides corde . Aug. Ecclus. 23.28 . Beati qui ex eorum numero esse merentur , quos mundus pro stultis , Deus pro sapientibus habet . Bl●s . Euchirid . parvul . 〈◊〉 . Esther 7.9 , 10. Ecclus. 1.15 . 20. Multi miseri sunt metu , ne miseri fiant : multi meri metuentes , moriuntur . Gasp. in Herac. ☜ The reason of his frequent repetition of sundry sentences , similitudes , and other memorable discoveries thorowout this Book . Hier. in vit . ●jus . Pontius in sine vitae ejus . In vit . Bedae . Sepulchra enim non tam mortuo rum quàm viv●ntium memoriae condita sunt . Ambitio his dux ; ●llis , amor Dei. Gasp. in epist. ante Hera●lit . What wee are to seeke . Vitruvius , l. 8. c. 3. August . Manual . cap. 8. Ibid. cap. 7. Luke 18.19 . Trinita● divinarum pers●narum est summum bonum , quod purga●issimis mentibus cernitur . Aug. 1. de Trin. cap. 2. ☞ Rom. 8.1 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Isidorus E●ymol . l. 16. c. 4. August . Manual . cap. 34. Ibid. 12. Aliud noli petere , uni sus●●ce , quia una tibi sufficiet . Aug. in Psal. 26. Where we are to seeke . Aug. Med. c. 19. Eccles. 1.8 . Aug. Med. c. 28. Sipes i● terris , sp●● s●t in coelis . ☞ Blos . Enchirid. pa●vul . autb . Ibid. Minore negotio nobu coelum comparare possumus , qu●agrave ; m infernum . Ibid. Hilar. ●nar . in p. 118. Bernard . When wee are to seeke . Eccles. 3.1 . Gen. 25.34 . Luke 16.24 . 25. Matt. 25.3 . 4. 10. 11. 12. D●us 〈…〉 promisin●●● 〈…〉 prom●sit . Aug. Matth. 11.16 . August . Ierem. 22.30 . Eccles. 12. à vers . 1. ad 8. Gen. 3.19 . A●g●st . Poenitent●● poe●ae ; non paena poe●ntenti● . ☞ 1 King 21.20 Da mibi 〈◊〉 , da ●●stum , sanctan● videri , Noctem p●ccatis & fraudi●us obji●e nubem . N●llus est ●n ri●●a , nullaes qu● me e●aud●at . Eras. Dial. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 Deus omnia vina●x . 1 King. 21.20 . Annon pudet id fac●re in conspectu Dei , ac te●●ibus sanctus Angelis , quod p●des facere in consp●ctu hom●●um ? Quid si tuta possint essescelera , si secura esse non possunt ? vel quid prod●st nocentibus habuisse latendi facultatem , cum latendi fiduciam non habent ? Sen. epist. 97. Bernard . de vita Solitaria . Sen. epist. 11. August . Man. cap. 19. Quicquidages mundo fur●ì●ve pa●amve memento , Inspectatorem semper adesse Deum . Prudentius hymnorum . l 1. cont . Symmach . August . Solil●q . cap. 11. ☞ Aures babet in pedibus . Ari●lippus . Cant. 4.12 . 2 Tim. 4.8 . Matth. 13.44 . Matth. 10.16 . 1 Cor. 2.7 . 2 Cor. 3.17 . Matth. 6.33 . Isay 56 7. Matth. 21.13 . Numb . 11.7 . Rom. 9.8 . 2 Sam. 5.7.9 . Luke 17.21 . Qui amat destderare , desideret amare . Bern. de amore Dei. cap. 3. Vid. Greg. Mor. lib. 18. cap. 28. A pithy Exhortation . Aug. Man. c. 17. A powerfull Instruction . Majorem si●i gloriam con●erri existimabal , in seipsum e●●ibendo membrum Ecclesiae , quàm caput imperii . Vid. Euseb. Exod. 3.8 . Exod. 15.13 . Gen. 12.7 . Luke 16.22 . August . Soliloq . cap. 31. A perswasive Conclusion . ☜ Matth. 10.22 . Hebr. 10. ●6 . Prov. 16 32. Greg. in Moral . Exposit. in Iob. Blos . Euchirid . parvul . auth .