Distant Reader - subject-constitutionalLaw-gutenberg

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-06-03 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader gutenberg process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of Project Gutenberg -- facet_subject:"Constitutional law". Then, for future reference, the results were saved to a Zip file complete with rudimentary bibliographics. The name of the file is input-file.zip. The Zip file was then unpacked and the contents saved to a cache as well as a directory of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 13 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,464,064 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 112,620 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 63. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

states, state, will, power, united, may, co, government, shall, court, one, constitution, people, law, congress, new, ay, case, legislature, act, federal, must, executive, public, time, national, president, cases, great, powers, without, also, laws, general, two, made, every, see, might, first, justice, senate, union, authority, house, right, members, property, clause, courts

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 30, 1952, The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 2, and The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 1.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

united states, new york, supreme court, due process, see also, interstate commerce, ag st, national government, several states, state legislatures, chief justice, federal government, ex rel, ex parte, federal courts, state governments, fourteenth amendment, new jersey, common law, national legislature, state courts, great britain, court held, judicial power, process clause, another state, state court, states shall, police power, congress may, mass ts, state may, state shall, two thirds, one state, south carolina, different states, legislative power, money bills, let us, even though, states will, habeas corpus, small states, general government, north carolina, years later, state laws, foreign nations, trust co

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 30, 1952 The Federalist Papers, and The Federalist Papers.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

constitution, house, united, states, senate, president, government, congress, union, representatives, new, executive, york, supreme, power, people, parliament, man, great, court, act, wilson, washington, virginia, state, sherman, publius, national, madison, legislature, hamilton, general, federalist, england, confederation, britain, american, america, wheat, western, war, wall, u.s., trust, texas, tax, st., south, secretary, reform

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be _v, and The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 30, 1952 is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

_v, states, state - The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 30, 1952
government, states, state - The Federalist Papers
states, ay, shall - The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 2
money, constitution, men - No Treason, Vol. VI.: The Constitution of No Authority
shall, canada, province - The British North America Act, 1867

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

power, government, state, people, law, states, case, time, cases, powers, laws, members, property, question, authority, part, clause, courts, right, men, years, jurisdiction, rights, number, legislature, act, court, tax, commerce, war, persons, man, opinion, statute, order, citizens, process, plan, interest, body, convention, business, ay, effect, majority, rule, article, country, provision, office

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, was, have, are, been, has, had, were, made, being, held, make, do, said, does, did, proposed, give, take, given, found, taken, having, thought, see, thinks, moved, considered, making, provided, become, required, according, appointed, say, passed, established, require, agreed, following, let, favors, done, called, brought, sustained, elected, declared, used

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

_, u.s., states, state, united, co., court, m^r, congress, constitution, president, new, n., senate, house, union, justice, c., york, legislature, supreme, government, see, executive, s., act, amendment, ibid, ., wall, representatives, madison, national, federal, ex, america, parliament, virginia, interstate, chief, general, j., convention, v^a, geo, del., commerce, stat, m^d, law

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, their, he, they, its, his, them, we, i, our, him, us, themselves, itself, you, her, himself, my, she, me, your, ourselves, myself, ay, one, ours, herself, theirs, y^e, mine, s^d, yt, yourself, thy, yourselves, whereof, hers, y^t, y^r, thee, pelf, oneself, omitted.--madison, insert--"and, effect.--_mad, business

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, same, public, federal, great, national, general, necessary, first, foreign, more, own, legislative, different, new, particular, constitutional, many, several, due, common, judicial, political, certain, present, proper, latter, equal, good, executive, local, former, whole, free, little, large, subject, few, much, second, greater, single, last, private, most, small, least, important, less

not, so, only, as, more, also, most, well, even, then, however, too, now, very, therefore, far, never, out, much, thus, still, up, less, always, here, ever, often, perhaps, long, rather, just, equally, thereof, first, once, yet, alone, indeed, otherwise, merely, again, already, at, all, generally, down, later, almost, probably, no

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.