A discourse of constancy in two books chiefly containing consolations against publick evils written in Latin by Justus Lipsius, and translated into English by Nathaniel Wanley ...
         De constantia. English
         Lipsius, Justus, 1547-1606.
      
       
         
           1670
        
      
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             A discourse of constancy in two books chiefly containing consolations against publick evils written in Latin by Justus Lipsius, and translated into English by Nathaniel Wanley ...
             De constantia. English
             Lipsius, Justus, 1547-1606.
             Wanley, Nathaniel, 1634-1680.
          
           [16], 288, [18] p.
           
             Printed by J. Redmayne, for James Allestry ...,
             London :
             1670.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
             Index: p. [1]-[18] at end.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           CONSTANCY
           ,
           In
           TWO
           BOOKS
           .
        
         
           Chiefly
           containing
           Consolations
           Against
           
             Publick
             Evils
          
           .
        
         
           Written
           in
           Latin
           By
           
             IVSTVS
             LIPSIVS
          
           ,
           and
           translated
           into
           English
           By
           
             Nathaniel
             Wanley
             ,
             M.
             A.
          
           
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             I.
             Redmayne
          
           ,
           for
           
             Iames
             Allestry
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Sign
           of
           the
           Rose
           and
           
             Crown
             in
          
           St.
           
             Pauls
             Church-Yard
          
           .
           1670.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           his
           very
           Worthy
           Friend
           IOHN
           HAREWELL
           In
           the
           Middle
           Temple
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           AS
           soon
           as
           my
           spare
           houres
           were
           delivered
           of
           this
           birth
           ;
           I
           resolved
           it
           should
           be
           yours
           .
           Not
           that
           you
           cannot
           converse
           with
           Lipsius
           when
           you
           please
           ,
           without
           the
           help
           of
           an
           Interpreter
           :
           Nor
           that
           I
           pretend
           by
           so
           slight
           a
           present
           as
           this
           ,
           to
           discount
           with
           him
           ;
           who
           
           ha's
           ever
           been
           ready
           to
           perform
           me
           all
           the
           best
           Offices
           that
           can
           be
           expected
           from
           a
           generous
           and
           disinterested
           friendship
           .
           But
           ,
           to
           speak
           truth
           ,
           I
           have
           done
           it
           in
           a
           kind
           of
           tenderness
           to
           my self
           :
           I
           know
           you
           will
           look
           upon
           my
           prefixing
           your
           name
           to
           this
           Essay
           with
           other
           Eyes
           than
           some
           others
           would
           ;
           and
           will
           interpret
           that
           to
           be
           the
           Fruit
           of
           a
           well-meaning
           affection
           ;
           which
           perhaps
           they
           
           would
           have
           called
           the
           bold
           effects
           of
           an
           unpardonable
           presumption
           .
           Being
           also
           conscious
           to
           my self
           ,
           in
           what
           manner
           I
           have
           humbled
           that
           mighty
           Genius
           ,
           which
           moves
           it self
           (
           with
           a
           peculiar
           and
           happy
           elegancy
           as
           well
           as
           reason
           )
           throughout
           almost
           every
           page
           of
           our
           Authour
           ,
           by
           the
           cheap
           and
           base
           allay
           I
           have
           brought
           unto
           it
           :
           I
           determined
           to
           appease
           his
           Manes
           ,
           and
           make
           him
           some
           amends
           
           at
           least
           by
           the
           choice
           of
           such
           a
           patronage
           as
           possibly
           himself
           would
           not
           have
           refused
           :
           I
           am
           sure
           I
           do
           not
           flatter
           you
           ,
           when
           I
           say
           you
           are
           none
           of
           those
           degenerate
           Brittains
           ,
           whom
           Gildas
           their
           own
           Country-man
           calls
           
             aetatis
             atramentum
          
           ;
           but
           such
           a
           one
           as
           Lipsius
           himself
           dothelse
           where
           describe
           .
        
         
           —
           In
           quo
           ,
           veteris
           vestigia
           recti
        
         
           Et
           mores
           ,
           video
           ,
           ductos
           meliore
           metallo
           .
        
         
           In
           whom
           the
           prints
           of
           ancient
           worth
           appear
           ,
        
         
           And
           the
           choice
           draughts
           of
           manners
           are
           as
           clear
           .
        
         
         
           Go
           on
           Sir
           ,
           and
           as
           you
           have
           hither
           to
           very
           happily
           avoided
           those
           Rocks
           ,
           whereupon
           some
           others
           (
           in
           an
           Age
           like
           yours
           ,
           and
           through
           the
           dangerous
           allurements
           of
           a
           fortune
           at
           command
           )
           have
           fatally
           split
           themselves
           :
           So
           let
           every
           new
           accession
           of
           years
           ,
           bring
           along
           with
           it
           such
           improvements
           ,
           as
           may
           force
           us
           to
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           you
           have
           more
           than
           acquitted
           your self
           of
           all
           that
           
           your
           youth
           had
           so
           liberally
           promised
           .
           These
           are
           such
           wishes
           as
           he
           shall
           ever
           be
           prone
           to
           ;
           who
           is
        
         
           
             Coventry
             ,
             
               Octob.
               1668.
               
            
          
           
             SIR
             ,
          
           
             Your
             most
             obliged
             Friend
             and
             servant
             ,
             
               N.
               WANLEY
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           Noble
           and
           Magnifique
           CONSULS
           ,
           And
           to
           the
           SENATE
           and
           PEOPLE
           Of
           ANTWERP
           .
        
         
           THese
           Books
           of
           Constancy
           ,
           which
           I
           both
           began
           and
           finished
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           troubles
           of
           my
           Country
           ,
           I
           thought
           meet
           to
           dedicate
           ,
           and
           devote
           to
           you
           ;
           the
           great
           Senatours
           of
           so
           great
           a
           City
           .
           Your
           Dignity
           ,
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           Virtue
           ,
           were
           the
           motives
           to
           it
           ;
           together
           with
           that
           humanity
           of
           
           yours
           which
           I
           have
           often
           experienced
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           peculiar
           to
           you
           ;
           towards
           all
           that
           are
           good
           and
           learned
           .
           You
           will
           not
           I
           suppose
           disdain
           the
           gift
           ;
           which
           though
           small
           in
           it self
           ,
           will
           derive
           a
           kind
           of
           value
           from
           the
           mind
           of
           the
           Donour
           :
           Seeing
           I
           have
           given
           you
           the
           very
           best
           ,
           and
           greatest
           of
           such
           things
           ,
           as
           my
           Scholastical
           stores
           would
           at
           this
           time
           afford
           .
           To
           conclude
           ,
           possibly
           the
           novelty
           of
           it
           may
           some
           way
           recommend
           it
           .
           For
           (
           if
           I
           am
           not
           mistaken
           )
           I
           am
           the
           first
           ,
           who
           have
           attempted
           the
           opening
           ,
           and
           clearing
           of
           
           this
           way
           of
           Wisdom
           ,
           so
           long
           recluded
           ,
           and
           overgrown
           with
           thorns
           ;
           which
           certainly
           is
           such
           ,
           as
           (
           inconjunction
           with
           the
           holy
           Scriptures
           )
           will
           lead
           us
           to
           tranquility
           ,
           and
           peace
           .
           For
           my
           own
           part
           ,
           I
           wanted
           not
           a
           desire
           ,
           to
           render
           my
           thankful
           acknowledgments
           to
           you
           ;
           and
           to
           contribute
           to
           the
           profit
           of
           others
           ;
           if
           I
           have
           not
           had
           the
           ability
           ,
           it
           is
           but
           reasonable
           ,
           that
           you
           should
           be
           as
           equal
           to
           me
           ,
           as
           I
           am
           to
           the
           great
           God
           ;
           who
           I
           know
           hath
           not
           given
           all
           things
           to
           any
           one
           .
           Farewell
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           IVSTVS
           LIPSIVS
           To
           the
           READER
           ,
           Touching
           the
           design
           and
           End
           of
           this
           TREATISE
           .
        
         
           
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Am
           not
           ignorant
           of
           those
           new
           judgments
           and
           censures
           I
           am
           likely
           to
           undergo
           in
           this
           new
           way
           of
           writing
           :
           Partly
           ,
           from
           such
           as
           will
           be
           surprized
           with
           the
           unexpected
           profession
           of
           wisdom
           from
           him
           ,
           whom
           they
           believed
           had
           only
           been
           conversant
           in
           the
           more
           pleasing
           and
           delightful
           studies
           ;
           and
           partly
           from
           such
           as
           will
           despise
           and
           undervalue
           all
           that
           can
           be
           said
           in
           these
           matters
           ,
           after
           what
           the
           ancients
           have
           written
           .
           To
           both
           these
           ;
           it
           is
           for
           my
           concern
           ,
           and
           no
           less
           for
           thine
           ,
           that
           I
           should
           briefly
           reply
           .
           The
           first
           sort
           of
           persons
           seem
           to
           me
           to
           miscarry
           in
           two
           most
           different
           respects
           :
           in
           their
           care
           ,
           and
           their
           carelesness
           .
           In
           the
           former
           that
           they
           assume
           to
           themselves
           a
           liberty
           of
           enquiring
           into
           the
           actions
           and
           studies
           of
           others
           :
           In
           the
           latter
           ,
           that
           their
           enquiries
           are
           yet
           so
           overly
           and
           superficial
           .
           For
           (
           that
           I
           may
           give
           them
           an
           account
           of
           me
           )
           the
           Hills
           and
           Springs
           of
           the
           Muses
           did
           never
           so
           
           intirely
           possess
           me
           ;
           as
           that
           I
           should
           not
           find
           frequent
           opportunities
           to
           turn
           back
           my
           Eyes
           and
           Mind
           upon
           that
           severer
           deity
           :
           I
           mean
           Philosophy
           .
           The
           studies
           of
           which
           (
           even
           from
           my
           Childhood
           )
           were
           so
           pleasing
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           in
           this
           youthful
           kind
           of
           ardour
           I
           seemed
           to
           offend
           ,
           and
           to
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           the
           bridle
           of
           restraint
           My
           Tutors
           at
           Ubich
           know
           how
           all
           those
           kind
           of
           books
           ,
           were
           as
           it
           were
           forced
           out
           of
           my
           hands
           together
           with
           those
           writings
           and
           commentaries
           which
           I
           had
           laboriously
           composed
           out
           of
           all
           the
           best
           ranks
           of
           interpreters
           .
           Nor
           certainly
           did
           I
           after
           ward
           degenerate
           ;
           for
           I
           know
           that
           in
           all
           the
           course
           of
           my
           studies
           ;
           if
           not
           in
           an
           exact
           and
           straight
           line
           ,
           yet
           at
           least
           in
           the
           flexure
           ,
           I
           have
           tended
           towards
           this
           mark
           of
           wisdom
           .
           Not
           after
           the
           rate
           of
           most
           here
           that
           deal
           in
           Philosophy
           :
           who
           doting
           upon
           some
           thorny
           subtilties
           ,
           or
           snares
           of
           questions
           ,
           do
           nothing
           else
           but
           weave
           and
           unweave
           them
           with
           a
           kind
           of
           subtile
           thread
           of
           disputations
           .
           They
           rest
           in
           words
           ,
           and
           some
           little
           fallacies
           ;
           and
           wear
           away
           their
           dayes
           in
           the
           Porch
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           but
           never
           visit
           its
           more
           retired
           apartments
           .
           They
           use
           it
           as
           a
           divertisement
           ,
           not
           as
           a
           remedy
           ,
           and
           turn
           the
           most
           serious
           instrument
           of
           life
           ,
           into
           a
           sportage
           with
           trifles
           :
           Who
           amongst
           them
           seeks
           after
           the
           improvement
           of
           his
           manners
           ,
           the
           moderation
           of
           his
           affections
           ;
           or
           designs
           a
           just
           end
           and
           measure
           for
           his
           fears
           or
           hopes
           .
           
           Yes
           ,
           they
           suppose
           that
           wisdome
           is
           so
           little
           concerned
           in
           these
           things
           ,
           that
           they
           think
           they
           do
           nothing
           ,
           or
           nothing
           to
           the
           purpose
           that
           look
           after
           them
           ,
           And
           therefore
           if
           you
           consider
           of
           their
           life
           ,
           and
           sentiments
           ,
           amongst
           the
           vulgar
           themselves
           you
           shall
           find
           nothing
           more
           foul
           than
           the
           one
           ,
           nor
           more
           foolish
           than
           the
           other
           .
           For
           as
           wine
           (
           though
           nothing
           is
           more
           wholsome
           )
           is
           yet
           to
           some
           no
           better
           than
           poyson
           :
           So
           is
           Phylosophy
           to
           them
           that
           abuse
           it
           .
           But
           my
           Mind
           was
           otherwise
           ;
           who
           always
           steering
           my
           Ship
           ,
           from
           these
           quick
           sands
           of
           subtilties
           ,
           have
           directed
           all
           my
           endeavours
           to
           attain
           that
           one
           Haven
           of
           a
           peaceable
           and
           quiet
           mind
           .
           Of
           which
           study
           of
           mine
           ;
           I
           mean
           these
           books
           as
           the
           first
           and
           undeceivable
           instance
           .
           But
           say
           some
           others
           ,
           these
           things
           have
           been
           more
           fully
           and
           better
           treated
           of
           by
           the
           ancients
           .
           As
           to
           some
           of
           them
           I
           eonfess
           it
           :
           As
           to
           all
           I
           deny
           it
           .
           Should
           I
           write
           any
           thing
           of
           manners
           or
           the
           affections
           after
           Seneca
           and
           the
           divine
           Epictetus
           :
           I
           should
           have
           (
           my
           self
           being
           judge
           )
           as
           little
           discretion
           as
           modesty
           :
           But
           if
           such
           things
           as
           they
           have
           not
           so
           much
           as
           touched
           upon
           ,
           nor
           any
           other
           of
           the
           ancients
           (
           for
           I
           dare
           confidently
           affirm
           it
           )
           then
           why
           do
           they
           despise
           it
           ,
           or
           why
           do
           they
           carp
           at
           it
           ?
           I
           have
           sought
           out
           consolations
           against
           publick
           evils
           :
           Who
           has
           done
           it
           before
           me
           ?
           Whether
           they
           look
           upon
           the
           matter
           ,
           or
           the
           method
           ;
           they
           must
           confess
           they
           are
           indebted
           to
           
           me
           for
           both
           :
           And
           for
           the
           words
           themselves
           (
           let
           me
           say
           it
           )
           we
           have
           no
           such
           penury
           ,
           as
           to
           oblige
           us
           to
           become
           suppliants
           to
           any
           Man.
           To
           conclude
           ,
           let
           them
           understand
           I
           have
           written
           many
           other
           things
           for
           others
           ;
           but
           this
           book
           chiefly
           for
           my self
           ;
           the
           former
           for
           fame
           ,
           but
           this
           for
           profit
           .
           That
           which
           one
           heretofore
           said
           bravely
           and
           acutely
           ;
           the
           same
           I
           now
           truly
           proclaim
           .
           To
           me
           a
           few
           Readers
           are
           enough
           ,
           one
           is
           enough
           ,
           none
           is
           enough
           .
           All
           that
           I
           desire
           is
           ,
           that
           whosoever
           opens
           this
           book
           ,
           may
           bring
           with
           him
           a
           disposition
           to
           profit
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           pardon
           .
           That
           if
           possibly
           I
           have
           any
           where
           slipt
           (
           especially
           when
           I
           endeavour
           to
           climb
           those
           steep
           places
           of
           providence
           ,
           Iustice
           and
           Fate
           )
           they
           would
           pardon
           me
           .
           For
           certainly
           ,
           I
           have
           no
           where
           erredout
           of
           malice
           and
           obstinacy
           :
           But
           rather
           through
           humane
           ignorance
           and
           infirmity
           .
           To
           conclude
           ,
           I
           desire
           to
           be
           informed
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           I
           promise
           that
           no
           Man
           shall
           be
           so
           ready
           to
           convince
           ;
           as
           I
           to
           correct
           .
           The
           other
           frailties
           of
           my
           nature
           ,
           I
           neither
           dissemble
           nor
           extenuate
           ;
           but
           obstinacy
           and
           the
           study
           of
           contention
           ,
           I
           do
           heartily
           pray
           I
           may
           never
           be
           guilty
           of
           ,
           and
           I
           do
           detest
           it
           .
           God
           send
           thee
           good
           health
           ,
           my
           Reader
           ;
           which
           I
           wish
           may
           be
           in
           part
           to
           thee
           through
           this
           book
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           CONSTANCY
           .
        
         
           
             BOOK
             I.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 Preface
                 and
                 Introduction
                 ,
                 a
                 Complaint
                 of
                 the
                 troubles
                 of
                 Belgia
                 .
              
            
             
               SOme
               few
               Years
               since
               travelling
               towards
               Vienna
               in
               Austria
               ;
               not
               vvithout
               a
               signal
               Providence
               ,
               I
               turned
               aside
               to
               the
               City
               of
               Liege
               ;
               which
               
               as
               it
               was
               not
               much
               out
               of
               my
               vvay
               :
               So
               I
               had
               some
               Friends
               there
               ,
               whom
               both
               Custom
               and
               Affection
               did
               oblige
               me
               to
               salute
               .
               Amongst
               these
               vvas
               
                 Charles
                 Langius
              
               (
               to
               say
               nothing
               but
               vvhat
               is
               truth
               )
               the
               very
               best
               and
               most
               Learned
               Man
               of
               all
               the
               Belgians
               ,
               I
               vvas
               receiv'd
               by
               him
               at
               his
               own
               House
               ;
               vvhere
               he
               sweetned
               my
               entertainment
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               the
               expresses
               of
               a
               civil
               and
               friendly
               respect
               ;
               but
               also
               by
               such
               kind
               of
               discourses
               ;
               as
               I
               shall
               doubtless
               find
               advantageous
               to
               me
               ,
               during
               the
               remainders
               of
               my
               life
               .
               This
               ,
               this
               I
               say
               vvas
               the
               Man
               ,
               vvho
               by
               the
               dissipation
               of
               some
               Mists
               of
               Vulgar
               Opinions
               ,
               vvas
               the
               First
               that
               open'd
               my
               Eyes
               ;
               and
               shew'd
               me
               the
               vvay
               ,
               vvhereby
               without
               intricacy
               I
               might
               active
               at
               those
               desireable
               places
               ,
               vvhich
               Lucretius
               calls
            
             
             
               The
               high-rais'd
               Temples
               which
               the
               VVise
            
             
               By
               learning
               make
               to
               top
               the
               Skies
               .
            
             
               For
               one
               hot
               Afternoon
               (
               as
               being
               towards
               the
               end
               of
               Iune
               )
               vvhile
               vve
               vvalk'd
               in
               the
               Court
               before
               his
               House
               :
               In
               very
               obliging
               Termes
               he
               ask'd
               me
               concerning
               my
               Journey
               ,
               and
               the
               Reasons
               that
               had
               mov'd
               me
               to
               it
               .
               After
               I
               had
               spoken
               many
               things
               vvith
               equal
               Freedom
               and
               Truth
               ,
               concerning
               the
               troubles
               of
               Belgia
               :
               I
               told
               him
               at
               last
               ,
               that
               howsoever
               I
               had
               pretended
               another
               ;
               yet
               this
               vvas
               the
               very
               Reason
               of
               my
               departure
               .
               For
               vvho
               ,
               O
               Langius
               said
               I
               ,
               is
               there
               to
               be
               found
               of
               so
               flinty
               and
               hard
               a
               heart
               ;
               as
               longer
               to
               endure
               these
               evils
               ?
               We
               are
               toss'd
               as
               you
               see
               ,
               for
               so
               many
               Years
               together
               in
               the
               stormes
               of
               a
               Civil
               War
               :
               and
               are
               vvhirl'd
               up
               and
               down
               in
               a
               Tempestuous
               Sea
               vvith
               the
               different
               Winds
               of
               Trouble
               and
               Sedition
               .
               Doth
               my
               temper
               incline
               me
               to
               ease
               and
               quiet
               ?
               
               The
               hoarce
               accents
               of
               Trumpets
               ,
               and
               the
               clashings
               of
               Armes
               ,
               do
               speedily
               interrupt
               me
               .
               Do
               I
               seek
               my
               Divertisements
               in
               the
               Country
               or
               Gardens
               ?
               The
               Souldier
               and
               Swash-buckler
               soon
               fright
               me
               into
               the
               City
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               O
               Langius
               ,
               leaving
               this
               infested
               and
               unfortunate
               Belgia
               (
               pardon
               me
               O
               thou
               Genius
               of
               my
               Country
               )
               I
               am
               resolv'd
               (
               as
               he
               saies
               )
               to
               shift
               my
               Habitation
               ;
               and
               to
               fly
               into
               any
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               where
               I
               may
               neither
               hear
               of
               the
               name
               or
               actions
               of
               this
               Race
               of
               
                 Pelops
                 .
                 Langius
              
               admiring
               and
               somewhat
               mov'd
               ;
               Is
               it
               true
               then
               Lipsius
               ,
               saies
               he
               ,
               that
               you
               will
               needs
               depart
               from
               us
               ?
               Either
               from
               you
               or
               most
               undoubtedly
               from
               this
               Life
               ,
               reply'd
               I.
               For
               what
               Sanctuary
               is
               there
               from
               these
               Evils
               ,
               but
               only
               in
               the
               flight
               of
               them
               ?
               For
               to
               behold
               them
               and
               endure
               them
               daily
               I
               am
               not
               able
               Langius
               ,
               as
               being
               one
               whose
               heart
               you
               may
               be
               sure
               is
               not
               composed
               of
               Adamant
               .
               Langius
               sigh'd
               at
               this
               discourse
               ;
               and
               feeble
               
               Young
               Man
               said
               he
               ,
               what
               kind
               of
               delicacy
               is
               this
               ?
               Or
               what
               may
               be
               thy
               meaning
               to
               seek
               for
               safety
               by
               flight
               ?
               I
               acknowledge
               your
               Country
               is
               full
               of
               Trouble
               and
               Turmoile
               ;
               but
               vvhat
               part
               of
               Europe
               is
               that
               which
               is
               at
               this
               day
               free
               ?
               Insomuch
               as
               you
               may
               truly
               praesage
               according
               to
               that
               of
               Aristophanes
               ,
            
             
               Things
               that
               are
               high
               with
               awfull
               frown
            
             
               High-thundring
               Jove
               will
               tumble
               down
               .
            
             
               And
               therefore
               not
               so
               much
               our
               Country
               (
               Lipsius
               )
               as
               our
               Passions
               are
               to
               be
               fled
               :
               and
               this
               Mind
               of
               ours
               is
               to
               be
               so
               fram'd
               and
               establish'd
               ,
               as
               that
               vve
               may
               find
               repose
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               troubles
               ,
               and
               peace
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               Warrs
               .
               They
               are
               rather
               to
               be
               fled
               ,
               Langius
               ,
               (
               reply'd
               I
               with
               an
               ardour
               Youthfull
               enough
               )
               for
               certainly
               those
               evils
               that
               vve
               hear
               of
               ,
               do
               more
               lightly
               affect
               us
               ,
               than
               those
               vve
               behold
               :
               and
               withall
               our selves
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               are
               out
               of
               Gun-shot
               
               and
               the
               dust
               of
               this
               contention
               .
               Do
               you
               not
               hear
               how
               craftily
               Homer
               advises
               ?
            
             
               Get
               out
               o'
               th
               compass
               of
               the
               Arrows
               flight
               ,
            
             
               Lest
               a
               new
               wound
               upon
               the
               former
               light
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 That
                 Travaile
                 availes
                 not
                 against
                 those
                 Diseases
                 which
                 are
                 within
                 us
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 rather
                 a
                 Symptome
                 than
                 a
                 Cure
                 :
                 unless
                 in
                 some
                 first
                 and
                 light
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Affections
                 .
              
            
             
               YEs
               I
               hear
               him
               ,
               said
               Langius
               ,
               vvith
               a
               kind
               of
               Nod
               :
               but
               I
               had
               rather
               you
               would
               hear
               the
               Voice
               of
               Wisdom
               and
               Reason
               .
               For
               those
               Clouds
               and
               Mists
               vvhich
               enwrap
               you
               Lipsius
               ,
               are
               ingendered
               by
               the
               Vapours
               of
               Opinion
               .
               And
               therefore
               in
               this
               Case
               (
               as
               Diogenes
               saies
               )
               you
               have
               more
               need
               of
               
               Reason
               than
               a
               Rope
               :
               I
               mean
               such
               a
               ray
               as
               may
               enlighten
               the
               darkness
               of
               your
               understanding
               .
               You
               are
               about
               to
               leave
               your
               Country
               ,
               but
               tell
               me
               seriously
               ,
               vvhen
               you
               forsake
               it
               ,
               can
               you
               also
               forsake
               your self
               ?
               Take
               heed
               lest
               you
               experience
               the
               contrary
               ;
               and
               carry
               with
               you
               even
               in
               that
               bosome
               of
               yours
               ,
               the
               source
               and
               fountain
               of
               all
               your
               evils
               .
               As
               those
               who
               are
               sick
               of
               a
               Feaver
               do
               continually
               toss
               and
               tumble
               ,
               and
               shift
               their
               Beds
               ,
               with
               a
               vain
               hope
               of
               finding
               some
               ease
               thereby
               :
               In
               the
               same
               manner
               it
               is
               vvith
               us
               ,
               who
               do
               in
               vain
               pass
               from
               one
               Climate
               to
               another
               ;
               vvhile
               the
               sickness
               is
               in
               our
               Minds
               .
               For
               this
               is
               to
               manifest
               ,
               not
               to
               remove
               the
               disease
               :
               to
               make
               a
               discovery
               of
               this
               Internal
               heat
               ;
               but
               not
               at
               all
               to
               asswage
               it
               .
               The
               wise
               Roman
               speaks
               excellently
               vvell
               .
               'T
               is
               the
               property
               of
               the
               sick
               not
               to
               endure
               any
               thing
               long
               :
               and
               to
               make
               use
               of
               change
               it self
               ,
               instead
               of
               a
               Remedy
               .
               Hence
               are
               those
               straggling
               peregrinations
               ,
               and
               
               those
               wandring
               Voyages
               upon
               the
               Shores
               undertaken
               :
               Now
               by
               Land
               ,
               and
               anon
               by
               Sea
               ;
               vvith
               a
               levity
               that
               is
               ever
               disgusted
               vvith
               vvhatsoever
               is
               present
               .
               You
               do
               therefore
               rather
               fly
               than
               escape
               troubles
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               that
               Hind
               in
               Virgil
            
             
               VVhich
               (
               while
               unwary
               she
               at
               distance
               feeds
            
             
               Among
               the
               Craetan
               woods
               and
               nothing
               beeds
               )
            
             
               Some
               Shepherds
               arrow
               strikes
               ;
               away
               she
               hyes
               ,
            
             
               And
               through
               Dictaean
               woods
               and
               groves
               she
               flies
               :
            
             
               But
               all
               in
               vain
               ;
               for
               as
               the
               same
               Poet
               addes
               .
               
                 
                   —
                   the
                   fatall
                   reed
                
                 
                   Sticks
                   in
                   her
                   side
                   ,
                   for
                   all
                   her
                   speed
                   .
                
              
            
             
               'T
               is
               thus
               with
               you
               ,
               who
               being
               invvardly
               smitten
               vvith
               this
               dart
               of
               Passion
               ;
               do
               not
               by
               travell
               shake
               it
               out
               :
               
               but
               rather
               carry
               it
               elsewhere
               .
               He
               that
               ha's
               broke
               an
               Arm
               or
               Leg
               does
               not
               use
               to
               call
               for
               a
               Horse
               or
               Coach
               ,
               but
               for
               a
               Chirurgion
               :
               What
               kind
               of
               Vanitie
               then
               is
               that
               of
               yours
               ;
               that
               causes
               you
               to
               seek
               the
               Cure
               of
               an
               inward
               vvound
               ,
               by
               motion
               and
               gadding
               up
               and
               down
               ?
               For
               certainly
               it
               is
               the
               mind
               vvhich
               is
               sick
               ;
               and
               all
               this
               outward
               vveakness
               ,
               despair
               and
               langour
               ,
               arises
               from
               this
               one
               Fountain
               ,
               that
               it
               languishes
               and
               is
               cast
               down
               .
               That
               Princely
               and
               Diviner
               part
               hath
               cast
               away
               the
               Scepter
               ;
               and
               hath
               humbled
               it self
               to
               that
               Degree
               of
               baseness
               ;
               as
               to
               become
               a
               voluntary
               slave
               to
               its
               own
               Vassailes
               .
            
             
               Tell
               me
               now
               in
               this
               Case
               ;
               vvhat
               advantage
               is
               to
               be
               hop'd
               for
               ,
               from
               Place
               or
               Motion
               ?
               Unless
               possibly
               there
               is
               any
               such
               Region
               ,
               vvhich
               can
               temper
               our
               Fears
               ,
               or
               bridle
               our
               hopes
               ;
               or
               make
               us
               discharge
               our selves
               again
               of
               that
               filthy
               matter
               of
               Vices
               ,
               vvhich
               we
               have
               so
               liberally
               taken
               down
               .
               But
               
               there
               is
               alass
               no
               such
               ,
               no
               not
               in
               the
               Fortunate
               Islands
               themselves
               ;
               or
               if
               there
               be
               ,
               be
               so
               kind
               as
               to
               shew
               us
               it
               ,
               and
               vve
               vvill
               all
               embody
               and
               forthvvith
               march
               thither
               .
               You
               vvill
               say
               that
               very
               Motion
               ,
               and
               change
               of
               place
               it self
               hath
               that
               force
               ;
               and
               that
               those
               daily
               sights
               ,
               that
               variety
               of
               Customes
               men
               and
               places
               ,
               vvhich
               vve
               meet
               vvith
               in
               travell
               ;
               doth
               recreate
               and
               rouse
               afresh
               the
               dejected
               Mind
               .
            
             
               You
               are
               deceiv'd
               Lipsius
               ,
               for
               (
               to
               speak
               seriously
               and
               as
               the
               matter
               doth
               require
               )
               I
               do
               not
               so
               far
               forth
               depress
               travail
               as
               to
               grant
               it
               no
               kind
               of
               povver
               over
               Man
               ,
               and
               his
               Affections
               .
               Yes
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               yielded
               that
               it
               hath
               ,
               but
               hitherto
               only
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               possibly
               remove
               some
               lighter
               taedium
               ;
               or
               as
               it
               vvere
               loathings
               of
               the
               Mind
               :
               but
               as
               for
               the
               Diseases
               of
               it
               ,
               they
               have
               lodg'd
               themselves
               so
               deep
               therein
               ,
               as
               to
               mock
               the
               Virtues
               of
               any
               external
               Medicines
               .
               Musick
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Sleep
               have
               frequently
               cur'd
               those
               first
               and
               lesser
               
               Motions
               of
               Anger
               ,
               Grief
               ,
               or
               Love
               :
               But
               never
               the
               Disease
               ,
               vvhen
               once
               it
               hath
               been
               fix'd
               and
               hath
               fastned
               its
               Roots
               deep
               .
               The
               case
               is
               the
               same
               here
               ;
               Travail
               vvill
               possibly
               heal
               some
               lighter
               languors
               ,
               but
               it
               can
               never
               cure
               the
               true
               ones
               .
               For
               those
               First
               Motions
               vvhich
               do
               arise
               from
               the
               Body
               ,
               do
               after
               a
               sort
               still
               remain
               in
               the
               Body
               ;
               or
               at
               most
               (
               if
               I
               may
               say
               so
               )
               in
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Mind
               :
               and
               therefore
               it
               is
               no
               marvail
               ,
               if
               some
               lesser
               spunge
               be
               able
               to
               vvipe
               them
               out
               .
               But
               it
               is
               not
               so
               vvith
               those
               inveterate
               Affections
               ;
               vvhich
               have
               their
               Seat
               ,
               yea
               throne
               in
               the
               very
               Soul
               of
               the
               Mind
               .
               When
               therefore
               you
               have
               gone
               far
               ,
               and
               spent
               much
               time
               in
               travail
               ,
               vvhen
               you
               have
               circled
               both
               Sea
               and
               Land
               :
               Yet
               no
               Seas
               vvill
               suffice
               to
               vvash
               them
               out
               ,
               nor
               any
               Earth
               to
               overvvhelme
               them
               .
               They
               vvill
               follovv
               you
               ,
               and
               vvhether
               on
               Foot
               or
               on
               Horse-back
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               use
               the
               Phrase
               of
               the
               Poet
               ;
               these
               black
               cares
               vvill
               sit
               behind
               you
               .
               
               When
               Socrates
               vvas
               ask'd
               by
               one
               vvhat
               might
               be
               the
               Reason
               that
               he
               had
               no
               better
               accomplish'd
               himself
               by
               travail
               :
               he
               answer'd
               him
               pertinently
               ;
               because
               said
               he
               you
               did
               not
               travail
               from
               your self
               .
               Somewhat
               like
               unto
               this
               I
               shall
               now
               say
               :
               Even
               vv●ithersoever
               you
               shall
               betake
               your self
               ;
               you
               vvill
               have
               in
               your
               company
               a
               corrupted
               and
               a
               corrupting
               Mind
               ;
               none
               of
               the
               most
               desireable
               associates
               .
               I
               wish
               it
               an
               associate
               only
               ,
               but
               I
               fear
               it
               may
               prove
               a
               leader
               :
               For
               your
               Affections
               vvill
               not
               so
               much
               follow
               you
               ;
               as
               they
               vvill
               dragg
               you
               after
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 That
                 the
                 true
                 Diseases
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 are
                 not
                 removed
                 by
                 travail
                 ;
                 but
                 are
                 thereby
                 the
                 more
                 exasperated
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Mind
                 which
                 is
                 sick
                 ;
                 a
                 remedy
                 for
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 sought
                 for
                 from
                 VVisdom
                 and
                 Constancy
                 .
              
            
             
               YOu
               vvill
               say
               then
               :
               doth
               not
               travail
               call
               us
               away
               from
               those
               truer
               evils
               ?
               vvill
               not
               the
               prospect
               of
               Fields
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               Mountains
               place
               us
               beyond
               the
               sense
               of
               our
               Grief
               ?
               They
               may
               possibly
               call
               you
               off
               ;
               and
               place
               you
               beyond
               :
               but
               neither
               for
               any
               time
               not
               vvith
               any
               firmness
               .
               As
               the
               eye
               is
               not
               long
               delighted
               with
               a
               picture
               how
               excellent
               soever
               :
               So
               all
               that
               varietic
               of
               Men
               and
               places
               ,
               may
               affect
               us
               vvith
               the
               Novelty
               ;
               but
               it
               vvill
               not
               last
               long
               .
               This
               is
               indeed
               a
               kind
               of
               vvandring
               from
               Evils
               ;
               but
               not
               the
               
               flight
               of
               them
               :
               Nor
               is
               it
               in
               the
               power
               of
               travail
               to
               break
               ;
               all
               it
               can
               do
               is
               to
               lengthen
               ,
               this
               Chain
               of
               our
               Griefs
               .
               What
               advantage
               is
               it
               to
               me
               for
               a
               vvhile
               to
               behold
               the
               Light
               ,
               and
               then
               forthvvith
               to
               pass
               into
               some
               comfortless
               Dungeon
               ?
               Such
               is
               the
               case
               ;
               and
               verily
               the
               vvhole
               Body
               of
               these
               outward
               pleasures
               do
               lie
               in
               ambush
               for
               the
               Soul
               ;
               and
               hurt
               us
               the
               more
               securely
               ,
               vvhile
               they
               pretend
               to
               assist
               us
               .
               As
               the
               vveaker
               sort
               of
               Medicines
               do
               rather
               exasperate
               than
               draw
               forth
               the
               peccant
               humour
               :
               So
               this
               vain
               complacencie
               doth
               encrease
               and
               svvell
               the
               Tide
               of
               these
               desires
               in
               us
               .
               For
               the
               Mind
               doth
               not
               long
               vvander
               from
               it self
               ;
               but
               by
               and
               by
               how
               unvvilling
               soever
               is
               compell'd
               to
               return
               home
               ,
               unto
               its
               old
               familiaritie
               vvith
               Evils
               .
               Those
               very
               Cities
               and
               Mountains
               vvhich
               you
               go
               to
               see
               ;
               vvill
               reduce
               to
               your
               thoughts
               the
               Memory
               of
               your
               Country
               :
               And
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               all
               your
               delights
               ;
               you
               vvill
               either
               see
               or
               hear
               
               of
               something
               ,
               vvhich
               vvill
               unclose
               afresh
               the
               vvounds
               of
               your
               Griefes
               :
               Or
               if
               possibly
               you
               may
               rest
               avvhile
               ;
               it
               vvill
               prove
               but
               like
               to
               one
               of
               those
               shorter
               slumbers
               ;
               that
               leave
               the
               avvaked
               party
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               or
               a
               greater
               Feaver
               .
               For
               there
               are
               a
               sort
               of
               desires
               which
               being
               interrupted
               do
               increase
               the
               more
               :
               And
               are
               sensibly
               the
               stronger
               for
               having
               had
               Vacations
               .
            
             
               Away
               then
               Lipsius
               vvith
               these
               vain
               yea
               dangerous
               experiments
               ;
               more
               like
               to
               poysons
               than
               remedies
               :
               And
               betake
               your self
               to
               those
               ,
               vvhich
               how
               severe
               soever
               ,
               are
               yet
               the
               true
               ones
               .
               Are
               you
               about
               to
               change
               your
               Soile
               and
               Climb
               ?
               O
               rather
               let
               it
               be
               your
               Mind
               :
               vvhich
               you
               have
               unhappily
               withdrawn
               from
               the
               Obedience
               of
               Right
               Reason
               :
               for
               no
               other
               purpose
               than
               to
               make
               it
               a
               Slave
               to
               your
               Affections
               .
               The
               unsound
               temper
               of
               that
               is
               the
               Root
               of
               this
               despair
               ;
               and
               thence
               are
               your
               languors
               because
               that
               is
               corrupted
               .
               
               It
               behoves
               you
               then
               rather
               to
               endeavour
               a
               change
               of
               that
               ,
               than
               of
               the
               place
               ;
               and
               to
               strive
               not
               so
               much
               to
               be
               else
               where
               ,
               as
               to
               be
               another
               .
               You
               long
               now
               to
               see
               the
               fruitfull
               Austria
               ,
               the
               Loyal
               and
               Stout
               Vienna
               ,
               that
               King
               of
               Rivers
               the
               Danubius
               ,
               and
               those
               other
               rare
               and
               strange
               things
               vvhich
               Men
               so
               delightfully
               listen
               to
               the
               Relations
               of
               .
            
             
               But
               hovv
               much
               better
               were
               it
               for
               you
               ,
               if
               you
               had
               the
               same
               Ardour
               and
               eagerness
               after
               Wisdome
               ?
               If
               you
               vvould
               foot
               it
               in
               those
               fertil
               Fields
               ;
               if
               you
               would
               search
               out
               the
               springs
               of
               Humane
               perturbations
               ;
               in
               fine
               ,
               if
               you
               vvould
               erect
               such
               Bulvvarks
               and
               Forts
               ;
               as
               might
               render
               you
               impregnable
               to
               all
               the
               storms
               and
               assaults
               of
               such
               desires
               as
               are
               Illegitimate
               ?
               For
               these
               are
               the
               grand
               Remedies
               for
               your
               Disease
               ;
               and
               every
               thing
               besides
               are
               but
               as
               Lint
               and
               Lavatory
               .
               Your
               departure
               vvill
               nothing
               help
               you
               ;
               It
               vvill
               
               be
               small
               advantage
               to
               you
               that
               you
               have
            
             
               Escap'd
               to
               many
               Graecian
               Cities
               ,
               and
            
             
               Through
               squadrons
               of
               arm'd
               Ships
               get
               safe
               to
               Land.
               
            
             
               You
               vvill
               find
               an
               Enemy
               vvithin
               your self
               ;
               and
               Claying
               his
               hand
               on
               my
               brest
               )
               in
               that
               so
               private
               an
               apartment
               .
               What
               matter
               is
               it
               how
               peaceable
               those
               places
               are
               to
               which
               you
               shall
               arrive
               :
               So
               long
               as
               you
               carry
               a
               War
               along
               vvith
               you
               ?
               Or
               how
               quiet
               ?
               When
               troubles
               not
               only
               surround
               you
               ;
               but
               are
               got
               vvithin
               you
               .
               For
               this
               disagreeing
               Mind
               of
               ours
               ,
               vvill
               ever
               be
               piquering
               vvith
               it self
               :
               Desiring
               and
               flying
               ;
               hoping
               and
               desparing
               .
               And
               as
               those
               flying
               Cowards
               do
               most
               of
               all
               expose
               themselves
               to
               danger
               ;
               that
               discover
               their
               unarmed
               Backs
               to
               their
               Enemies
               :
               So
               those
               Errants
               and
               Fresh-vvater
               Souldiers
               also
               do
               :
               vvho
               as
               yet
               did
               never
               maintain
               a
               fight
               vvith
               their
               
               Affections
               but
               alwayes
               fled
               before
               them
               .
               But
               thou
               Young
               Man
               ,
               if
               thou
               vvilt
               hearken
               unto
               me
               ,
               shalt
               stand
               ,
               and
               fortifie
               thy self
               against
               this
               Enemie
               of
               Grief
               .
               For
               above
               all
               things
               it
               is
               constancy
               you
               stand
               in
               need
               off
               :
               and
               there
               are
               some
               vvho
               have
               commenced
               Conquerours
               by
               fighting
               ,
               but
               not
               a
               single
               Person
               by
               flying
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 Definitions
                 of
                 Constancy
                 ;
                 Patience
                 ;
                 Right
                 Reason
                 and
                 Opinion
                 :
                 The
                 difference
                 betwixt
                 Obstinacy
                 and
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 betwixt
                 Patience
                 and
                 Stupidity
                 .
              
            
             
               SOmewhat
               rais'd
               vvith
               this
               Discourse
               of
               Langius
               ,
               there
               is
               much
               of
               Noble
               and
               Gallant
               (
               said
               I
               )
               in
               these
               Advices
               of
               yours
               :
               And
               now
               am
               I
               
               endeavouring
               to
               raise
               up
               my self
               and
               stand
               :
               But
               to
               as
               little
               purpose
               as
               persons
               that
               attempt
               the
               same
               thing
               in
               their
               sleeps
               .
               For
               not
               to
               dissemble
               ,
               Langius
               ,
               I
               tumble
               back
               into
               my
               former
               Seat
               ;
               and
               as
               vvell
               publick
               as
               private
               Cares
               stick
               fast
               in
               my
               perplexed
               Mind
               .
               Drive
               from
               me
               (
               if
               it
               is
               possible
               )
               these
               Vultures
               vvhich
               are
               continually
               pecking
               ,
               and
               take
               from
               me
               these
               Ligatures
               of
               Anxiety
               vvith
               vvhich
               I
               feel
               my self
               bound
               unto
               this
               Caucasus
               .
               I
               shall
               doubtless
               take
               them
               away
               reply'd
               he
               ,
               and
               as
               another
               Hercules
               ,
               set
               at
               liberty
               this
               Prometheus
               :
               Do
               you
               only
               attend
               and
               consider
               .
               I
               did
               before
               invite
               you
               to
               Constancy
               ,
               Lipsius
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               in
               that
               I
               have
               placed
               the
               Hope
               and
               Sanctuary
               of
               all
               your
               Safety
               .
               This
               therefore
               in
               the
               first
               place
               is
               to
               be
               understood
               by
               us
               .
               Now
               by
               Constancy
               I
               here
               understand
               ;
               AN
               UPRIGHT
               UNMOVED
               STRENGTH
               OF
               THE
               MIND
               ;
               NEITHER
               ELEVATED
               NOR
               DEPRESS'D
               
               BY
               EXTERNAL
               OR
               ACCIDENTAL
               OCCURRENCES
               .
               I
               said
               a
               STRENGTH
               ,
               and
               I
               thereby
               understand
               such
               a
               firmness
               as
               is
               begot
               in
               the
               Mind
               ,
               not
               by
               Opinion
               ,
               but
               by
               Judgement
               and
               right
               Reason
               .
               For
               above
               all
               things
               I
               would
               exclude
               from
               hence
               Pervicaciousness
               (
               or
               vvhether
               I
               may
               better
               call
               it
               Pertinaciousness
               )
               vvhich
               it self
               is
               the
               strength
               of
               an
               Obedient
               Mind
               ,
               but
               such
               only
               as
               is
               engender'd
               by
               the
               vvind
               of
               Pride
               and
               vain
               Glory
               ;
               and
               is
               but
               in
               one
               part
               of
               it
               only
               .
               For
               those
               Pervicacious
               Persons
               though
               they
               are
               not
               (
               swollen
               as
               they
               are
               )
               easily
               to
               be
               depress'd
               :
               Yet
               a
               light
               matter
               doth
               lift
               them
               up
               .
               Not
               unlike
               unto
               a
               bladder
               vvhich
               being
               fill'd
               vvith
               vvind
               vvill
               not
               sink
               vvithout
               difficulty
               ;
               but
               appears
               aloft
               ,
               and
               bounds
               upon
               the
               Water
               of
               its
               own
               accord
               .
               Such
               is
               the
               flatulent
               hardness
               of
               these
               Men
               ;
               vvhich
               as
               I
               said
               arises
               from
               Pride
               ,
               and
               too
               high
               an
               estimate
               of
               self
               ,
               and
               by
               
               consequence
               from
               Opinion
               .
               But
               the
               true
               Mother
               of
               Constancy
               ,
               is
               Patience
               and
               lowliness
               of
               the
               Mind
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               define
               ;
               A
               VOLUNTARY
               AND
               COMPLAINTLESSE
               ENDURANCE
               OF
               ALL
               THOSE
               THINGS
               WHATSOEVER
               THEY
               BE
               ,
               THAT
               FALL
               OUT
               TO
               ,
               OR
               FALL
               UPON
               A
               MAN
               FROM
               ELSEWHERE
               .
               Which
               being
               taken
               up
               ,
               upon
               the
               actount
               of
               right
               Reason
               ,
               is
               that
               only
               Root
               ,
               from
               vvhence
               the
               height
               of
               this
               excellent
               Oak-like
               strength
               doth
               vvear
               it self
               .
               For
               here
               also
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               you
               should
               be
               heedfull
               ,
               lest
               Opinion
               should
               impose
               upon
               you
               ,
               vvhich
               frequently
               in
               the
               room
               of
               Patience
               doth
               subrogate
               a
               kind
               of
               abject
               and
               stupid
               temper
               of
               the
               Mind
               ;
               a
               very
               Vice
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               arises
               from
               too
               low
               an
               estimate
               of
               our selves
               .
               As
               for
               Virtue
               she
               ever
               marches
               in
               the
               middle
               path
               ,
               and
               is
               cautiously
               heedfull
               lest
               there
               should
               be
               any
               thing
               of
               Excess
               or
               Defect
               in
               
               any
               of
               her
               Actions
               .
               For
               still
               she
               directs
               her self
               by
               the
               Ballance
               of
               right
               Reason
               ,
               and
               hath
               that
               alone
               for
               the
               rule
               and
               square
               of
               her
               Test.
               Now
               this
               right
               Reason
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               ,
               A
               TRUE
               APPREHENSION
               AND
               JUDGEMENT
               OF
               HUMANE
               AND
               DIVINE
               MATTERS
               ,
               AS
               FARR
               AS
               THEY
               APPERTAIN
               TO
               US
               :
               Contrary
               hereunto
               is
               Opinion
               vvhich
               is
               A
               FUTILE
               AND
               FALLACIOUS
               JUDGEMENT
               CONCERNING
               THE
               SAME
               THINGS
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 Originals
                 of
                 Reason
                 and
                 Opinion
                 .
                 The
                 Power
                 and
                 Effects
                 of
                 each
                 .
                 That
                 leads
                 to
                 Constancy
                 ;
                 this
                 to
                 Levity
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               forasmuch
               as
               from
               this
               double
               spring
               (
               I
               mean
               of
               Reason
               and
               Opinion
               )
               doth
               arise
               not
               only
               the
               strength
               or
               vveakness
               of
               the
               Mind
               :
               But
               also
               every
               of
               those
               things
               for
               vvhich
               vve
               are
               accounted
               praise-worthy
               ,
               or
               reproveable
               amongst
               Men
               :
               I
               suppose
               I
               shall
               not
               do
               amiss
               ,
               if
               I
               go
               about
               a
               little
               more
               copiously
               to
               Discourse
               of
               the
               Original
               and
               Nature
               of
               them
               both
               .
               For
               as
               Wools
               must
               have
               a
               previous
               tincture
               and
               preparation
               by
               some
               other
               juices
               ;
               before
               they
               are
               capable
               of
               receiving
               as
               they
               should
               that
               last
               and
               more
               excellent
               colour
               they
               are
               intended
               for
               :
               After
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               Lipsius
               ,
               your
               Mind
               is
               to
               be
               prepared
               
               by
               a
               preceding
               Discourse
               ;
               before
               I
               shall
               be
               able
               (
               as
               I
               vvould
               )
               to
               dye
               it
               in
               the
               last
               purple
               of
               Constancy
               .
               There
               are
               therefore
               (
               as
               you
               vvell
               know
               )
               two
               parts
               in
               Man
               ,
               Soul
               and
               Body
               :
               the
               one
               more
               Noble
               as
               resembling
               Spirit
               and
               Office
               ;
               the
               other
               is
               more
               Base
               as
               it
               respects
               the
               earth
               :
               These
               two
               are
               joyn'd
               together
               ,
               yet
               vvith
               a
               kind
               of
               disagreeing
               Concord
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               easily
               accord
               vvith
               one
               another
               ,
               especially
               in
               those
               matters
               wherein
               Soveraignty
               ,
               or
               subserviency
               is
               concern'd
               .
               For
               both
               have
               a
               desire
               to
               sway
               ;
               but
               that
               especially
               that
               ought
               not
               .
               Earth
               strives
               to
               advance
               it self
               above
               its
               own
               fire
               ;
               and
               Clodds
               are
               ambitious
               to
               get
               above
               the
               Clouds
               .
               From
               hence
               are
               those
               broils
               and
               troubles
               in
               a
               Man
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               vvere
               a
               continual
               fight
               ,
               betwixt
               two
               parties
               that
               are
               alvvayes
               Skirmishing
               vvith
               each
               other
               .
               The
               chief
               Leaders
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               vvere
               Generalls
               unto
               these
               are
               Reason
               and
               Opinion
               .
               The
               one
               is
               for
               the
               Soul
               
               and
               Warres
               therein
               ;
               the
               other
               is
               for
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Body
               it
               fights
               .
               Reason
               derives
               its
               Pedigree
               from
               Heaven
               ;
               yea
               from
               God
               himself
               ,
               and
               very
               highly
               doth
               Seneca
               extoll
               it
               ,
               as
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Divine
               Spirit
               infused
               into
               Man.
               For
               this
               is
               that
               most
               excellent
               faculty
               of
               understanding
               and
               judging
               ,
               vvhich
               is
               no
               less
               the
               perfection
               of
               the
               Soul
               ,
               than
               the
               Soul
               it self
               is
               the
               perfection
               of
               the
               Man.
               The
               Greeks
               call
               it
               the
               Mind
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               Latines
               ,
               or
               else
               the
               Mind
               of
               the
               Soul.
               For
               (
               that
               you
               be
               not
               mistaken
               )
               the
               vvhole
               Soul
               is
               not
               right
               Reason
               ;
               but
               that
               only
               therein
               vvhich
               is
               simple
               ,
               Uniform
               ,
               unmixed
               ,
               sever'd
               from
               all
               Lees
               and
               Dreggs
               ,
               and
               (
               in
               a
               vvord
               )
               that
               vvhich
               is
               in
               it
               of
               sublime
               and
               coelestial
               .
               For
               the
               Soul
               it self
               (
               howsoever
               it
               is
               lamentably
               corrupted
               and
               infected
               ,
               vvith
               the
               stain
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               the
               contagion
               of
               the
               Senses
               )
               doth
               yet
               invvardly
               retain
               some
               certain
               Footsteps
               of
               its
               Original
               :
               and
               there
               are
               in
               it
               (
               very
               clearly
               
               discernible
               )
               some
               sparkling
               remainders
               of
               that
               first
               and
               purer
               fire
               .
               Hence
               are
               those
               stings
               of
               Conscience
               even
               in
               the
               vvorst
               and
               most
               profligate
               Persons
               :
               Hence
               are
               those
               invvard
               scourges
               and
               gnawings
               ;
               and
               hence
               is
               that
               approbation
               of
               a
               better
               Life
               ,
               vvhich
               is
               frequently
               extorted
               from
               them
               ,
               though
               not
               vvithout
               a
               reluctancy
               in
               themselves
               .
               For
               that
               sound
               and
               holyer
               part
               vvithin
               us
               ,
               may
               possibly
               for
               a
               time
               be
               suppressed
               ,
               oppressed
               it
               cannot
               .
               And
               that
               burning
               Flame
               may
               be
               cover'd
               ;
               but
               cannot
               be
               extinguished
               .
               For
               those
               little
               Fires
               do
               alwayes
               shine
               forth
               ,
               and
               sparkle
               out
               ,
               to
               enlighten
               us
               amongst
               these
               shades
               ,
               cleanse
               us
               from
               these
               stains
               ;
               guide
               us
               in
               our
               vvandrings
               ;
               and
               to
               shew
               us
               the
               vvay
               to
               Constancy
               and
               Virtue
               .
               As
               the
               Heliotrope
               and
               some
               other
               Flowers
               do
               by
               a
               natural
               instinct
               bend
               towards
               the
               Sun
               :
               So
               doth
               Reason
               turn
               it self
               to
               God
               and
               the
               Original
               of
               its
               self
               .
               Firm
               and
               immoveable
               in
               vvhat
               is
               good
               ,
               
               one
               and
               the
               same
               in
               its
               Censures
               ;
               ever
               desiring
               or
               flying
               one
               and
               the
               same
               thing
               ,
               the
               very
               source
               and
               Fountain
               of
               right
               Councel
               and
               sound
               Judgement
               .
               To
               obey
               this
               is
               no
               less
               than
               to
               command
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               subject
               here
               is
               to
               svvay
               the
               Scepter
               of
               the
               Universe
               .
               Who
               ever
               hearkens
               unto
               this
               hath
               already
               subjugated
               the
               rebellious
               desires
               and
               motions
               of
               the
               Mind
               :
               And
               he
               shall
               never
               be
               wildred
               in
               the
               Labyrinths
               of
               this
               Life
               ,
               vvho
               remits
               himself
               to
               the
               guideance
               of
               this
               Theseian
               Clevv
               .
               God
               himself
               by
               this
               his
               Image
               comes
               unto
               us
               (
               nay
               vvhich
               is
               yet
               more
               )
               into
               us
               .
               But
               that
               baser
               and
               unsounder
               part
               (
               I
               mean
               Opinion
               )
               it
               owes
               its
               Original
               to
               the
               Body
               (
               that
               is
               to
               say
               )
               to
               Earth
               ,
               and
               therefore
               savours
               nothing
               besides
               it
               .
               For
               the
               Body
               howsoever
               it
               is
               immoveable
               and
               senseless
               of
               it self
               ;
               yet
               it
               derives
               both
               Life
               and
               Motion
               from
               the
               Soul
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               other
               side
               presents
               to
               the
               Soul
               ,
               the
               Images
               of
               things
               
               through
               the
               Windowes
               of
               the
               senses
               .
               Thus
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               Communion
               and
               Society
               Cemented
               betwixt
               the
               Soul
               and
               the
               Body
               :
               but
               such
               a
               communion
               ,
               as
               if
               vve
               attend
               the
               Event
               ,
               proves
               unfortunate
               to
               the
               Soul.
               For
               through
               this
               it
               is
               that
               the
               Soul
               ,
               by
               almost
               insensible
               degrees
               ,
               is
               led
               from
               the
               Nobler
               place
               of
               its
               residence
               ,
               becomes
               addicted
               to
               and
               is
               mingled
               vvith
               the
               Senses
               ,
               and
               from
               this
               impure
               mixture
               ,
               is
               the
               birth
               of
               Opinion
               ;
               vvhich
               is
               no
               other
               than
               a
               vain
               shaddow
               ,
               and
               resemblance
               of
               Reason
               .
               The
               true
               seat
               of
               it
               is
               Sense
               ,
               the
               Parent
               ,
               Earth
               ;
               and
               therefore
               abject
               and
               base
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               it
               advances
               not
               it self
               ,
               it
               aspires
               not
               ,
               nor
               so
               much
               as
               regards
               any
               thing
               that
               is
               lofty
               and
               AEtherial
               .
               It
               is
               ever
               vain
               ,
               uncertain
               ,
               deceitfull
               ,
               ill-advising
               ,
               and
               as
               perversly
               judging
               :
               and
               that
               vvhich
               it
               chiefly
               aimes
               at
               ,
               is
               at
               once
               to
               deprive
               the
               Soul
               of
               Constancy
               and
               Truth
               .
               It
               languishes
               for
               this
               thing
               to
               day
               ,
               and
               
               on
               the
               Morrow
               despises
               it
               ,
               this
               it
               approves
               and
               this
               it
               condemnes
               ;
               nothing
               vvith
               judgement
               ,
               but
               gratifying
               the
               Body
               and
               indulging
               the
               Senses
               in
               every
               thing
               .
               As
               the
               Eye
               makes
               but
               a
               false
               measure
               of
               those
               things
               vvhich
               it
               beholds
               through
               some
               Cloud
               or
               in
               the
               Water
               :
               So
               doth
               the
               Mind
               but
               perversly
               judge
               of
               vvhat
               it
               beholds
               through
               the
               misty
               Mediums
               of
               Opinion
               .
               This
               (
               if
               you
               consider
               vvell
               )
               is
               to
               Man
               the
               Mother
               of
               his
               Evils
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               the
               Author
               of
               that
               confused
               and
               perturbed
               Life
               vvithin
               us
               .
               That
               cares
               do
               disquiet
               us
               ,
               it
               is
               from
               hence
               ;
               that
               the
               Passions
               do
               distract
               us
               ,
               it
               is
               from
               hence
               ;
               and
               if
               Vices
               do
               Reign
               over
               us
               ,
               it
               is
               also
               from
               hence
               .
               And
               therefore
               as
               those
               vvho
               are
               resolv'd
               to
               abolish
               Tyranny
               in
               any
               City
               ,
               do
               first
               of
               all
               demolish
               the
               Castle
               :
               So
               if
               vve
               are
               Serious
               in
               the
               prosecution
               of
               a
               good
               Mind
               ,
               vve
               must
               subvert
               this
               Citadel
               of
               Opinions
               .
               For
               vve
               shall
               fluctuate
               vvith
               them
               for
               ever
               :
               Anxious
               ,
               
               Plaintfull
               ,
               Discompos'd
               ,
               and
               never
               (
               as
               vve
               ought
               )
               assigning
               vvhat
               is
               equall
               either
               to
               God
               or
               Man.
               As
               a
               void
               and
               empty
               Ship
               ,
               is
               tossed
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               vvith
               every
               wind
               :
               So
               vvill
               that
               Vagrant
               Mind
               of
               ours
               be
               ,
               vvhich
               the
               vveight
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               the
               ballast
               of
               Reason
               hath
               not
               established
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 praise
                 of
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 serious
                 exhortation
                 to
                 pursue
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               LEvity
               therefore
               Lipsius
               (
               as
               you
               see
               )
               is
               the
               Comrade
               of
               Opinion
               ,
               and
               the
               property
               of
               it
               is
               alvvayes
               to
               change
               and
               to
               repent
               .
               But
               the
               associate
               of
               Reason
               is
               Constancy
               ;
               to
               the
               putting
               on
               of
               vvhich
               I
               do
               very
               seriously
               exhort
               you
               .
               To
               vvhat
               purpose
               is
               it
               to
               have
               recourse
               unto
               things
               vain
               
               and
               external
               ?
               This
               is
               that
               only
               Helena
               vvhich
               can
               present
               you
               vvith
               that
               true
               and
               rich
               Nepenthe
               ,
               in
               vvhich
               you
               may
               drown
               the
               memory
               of
               all
               your
               Cares
               and
               Griefs
               ;
               which
               if
               once
               you
               have
               tasted
               and
               taken
               down
               ;
               proof
               against
               every
               chance
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               equal
               tenour
               ,
               and
               not
               vvavering
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               a
               ballance
               ;
               you
               may
               challenge
               to
               your self
               that
               great
               and
               God-like
               property
               of
               Immoveable
               .
               Have
               you
               not
               observed
               in
               the
               Scutcheons
               and
               Impresses
               of
               some
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               this
               Age
               ;
               that
               high
               and
               envy'd
               Motto
               ,
               NEITHER
               BY
               HOPE
               NOR
               FEAR
               ?
               It
               shall
               be
               yours
               ;
               vvho
               being
               truly
               a
               King
               ,
               and
               truly
               free
               ;
               shall
               be
               a
               subject
               unto
               God
               alone
               ,
               exempt
               from
               the
               bondage
               both
               of
               Affections
               and
               Fortune
               .
               As
               there
               are
               some
               certain
               Rivers
               which
               are
               said
               to
               pass
               through
               the
               middle
               of
               Seas
               ;
               and
               yet
               preserve
               themselves
               intire
               :
               so
               you
               shall
               travel
               through
               surrounding
               tumults
               in
               such
               a
               
               manner
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               contract
               any
               saltness
               from
               this
               Sea
               of
               sorrowes
               .
               Do
               you
               fall
               ?
               Constancy
               will
               lift
               you
               up
               .
               Do
               you
               stagger
               ?
               It
               vvill
               support
               you
               .
               Shall
               you
               hasten
               to
               some
               Pond
               or
               Halter
               ?
               It
               vvill
               solace
               and
               reduce
               you
               from
               the
               very
               Portalls
               of
               Death
               .
               Do
               you
               only
               deliver
               ,
               and
               raise
               up
               your self
               :
               Steere
               the
               course
               of
               your
               Ship
               unto
               this
               Haven
               ,
               where
               Peace
               and
               Security
               dwell
               :
               In
               vvhich
               there
               is
               a
               Refuge
               and
               a
               Sanctuary
               from
               troubles
               and
               perplexities
               .
               Whereunto
               (
               assuredly
               )
               if
               you
               are
               once
               arriv'd
               ;
               should
               your
               Country
               not
               only
               totter
               ,
               but
               fall
               into
               ruines
               ;
               your self
               should
               stand
               unshaken
               .
               When
               Storms
               and
               Tempests
               ,
               and
               Thunder-bolts
               fall
               about
               you
               ;
               yet
               then
               you
               shall
               cry
               out
               vvith
               as
               true
               ,
               as
               loud
               a
               Voice
               ,
            
             
               In
               midst
               of
               all
               these
               VVaves
               I
               stand
            
             
               Secure
               ,
               as
               if
               upon
               the
               Land.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 VVhat
                 it
                 is
                 and
                 how
                 manifold
                 ,
                 that
                 opposes
                 Constancy
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 external
                 good
                 and
                 evil
                 things
                 .
                 Those
                 evils
                 are
                 twofold
                 ,
                 Publick
                 and
                 Private
                 ;
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 Publick
                 seem
                 the
                 most
                 grievous
                 and
                 dangerous
                 .
              
            
             
               WHen
               Langius
               had
               spoken
               these
               things
               vvith
               a
               Voice
               and
               Air
               more
               earnest
               than
               he
               used
               :
               a
               spark
               of
               this
               desirable
               fire
               did
               seise
               on
               me
               also
               .
               And
               my
               Father
               said
               I
               (
               for
               I
               call
               you
               truly
               not
               feignedly
               so
               )
               lead
               me
               wheresoever
               you
               please
               ,
               and
               instruct
               ,
               correct
               and
               direct
               me
               .
               You
               have
               a
               patient
               prepared
               for
               any
               method
               of
               Operation
               vvhether
               you
               shall
               determine
               to
               make
               use
               of
               the
               Caustick
               ,
               or
               shall
               proceed
               to
               Amputation
               .
               Both
               these
               reply'd
               Langius
               ,
               in
               as
               much
               as
               in
               some
               places
               the
               stubble
               of
               idle
               Opinions
               
               is
               to
               be
               set
               on
               fire
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               the
               shrubs
               of
               Passions
               are
               to
               be
               grubb'd
               up
               by
               the
               very
               Roots
               .
               But
               shall
               vve
               continue
               our
               vvalk
               ;
               or
               whether
               is
               it
               not
               better
               and
               most
               convenient
               for
               us
               to
               sit
               ?
               To
               sit
               reply'd
               I
               ,
               for
               I
               begin
               to
               be
               hot
               ,
               and
               that
               upon
               divers
               accounts
               :
               So
               assoon
               as
               Langius
               had
               caus'd
               Chairs
               to
               be
               brought
               into
               the
               same
               Court
               ,
               and
               that
               vve
               vvere
               both
               sate
               ;
               turning
               himself
               towards
               me
               ,
               he
               again
               thus
               began
               .
            
             
               Hitherto
               Lipsius
               I
               have
               been
               laying
               the
               Foundations
               vvhereupon
               I
               might
               safely
               erect
               my
               discourse
               :
               Now
               if
               you
               vvill
               I
               shall
               draw
               a
               little
               nearer
               to
               you
               ,
               enquire
               out
               the
               causes
               of
               your
               Grief
               ,
               and
               as
               they
               say
               ,
               lay
               my
               Finger
               upon
               they
               very
               sore
               .
               There
               are
               two
               things
               that
               lay
               Battery
               to
               this
               fort
               of
               Constancy
               vvithin
               us
               .
               False
               Goods
               and
               false
               Ills.
               Both
               vvhich
               I
               thus
               define
               .
               THINGS
               NOT
               WITHIN
               BUT
               ABOUT
               US
               and
               WHICH
               PROPERLY
               DO
               NEITHER
               DAMAGE
               
               NOR
               ADVANTAGE
               THIS
               OUR
               INWARD
               MAN
               THAT
               IS
               OUR
               SOUL
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               vvill
               not
               call
               them
               Good
               or
               Evil
               ;
               as
               if
               they
               were
               so
               absolutely
               and
               simply
               :
               But
               only
               from
               Opinion
               and
               the
               common
               mistake
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               .
               Amongst
               the
               First
               they
               Ranke
               Riches
               ,
               Honours
               ,
               Power
               ,
               Health
               ,
               Long-life
               .
               Amongst
               the
               Last
               Poverty
               ,
               Infamy
               ,
               vvant
               of
               Power
               ,
               Diseases
               and
               Deaths
               ;
               and
               in
               a
               vvord
               vvhatsoever
               is
               accidental
               and
               external
               .
               From
               these
               two
               stocks
               those
               four
               chief
               Affections
               grow
               up
               in
               us
               vvhich
               compass
               and
               perplex
               the
               vvhole
               life
               of
               Man.
               Desire
               and
               Joy
               ,
               Fear
               and
               Grief
               .
               The
               two
               former
               of
               these
               respect
               some
               imagined
               good
               ;
               and
               thence
               are
               bred
               :
               the
               two
               last
               respect
               supposed
               evils
               .
               Each
               of
               them
               do
               equally
               hurt
               and
               molest
               the
               Mind
               :
               and
               unless
               care
               be
               taken
               to
               dethrone
               it
               ;
               though
               not
               after
               one
               and
               the
               same
               manner
               .
               For
               vvhereas
               the
               repose
               and
               Constancy
               of
               the
               Mind
               is
               placed
               in
               
               a
               kind
               of
               even
               and
               equall
               ballance
               ;
               they
               force
               it
               from
               this
               poise
               ,
               the
               one
               by
               hoisting
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               by
               depressing
               it
               .
               But
               these
               false
               goods
               together
               vvith
               the
               Elation
               of
               the
               Mind
               by
               them
               ,
               I
               shall
               purposely
               pass
               over
               (
               as
               not
               concerning
               your
               Disease
               )
               and
               hasten
               to
               those
               I
               call
               false
               evils
               ;
               The
               Brigade
               of
               vvhich
               is
               also
               twofold
               :
               Publick
               and
               Private
               .
               The
               Publick
               I
               thus
               define
               ;
               SUCH
               AS
               THE
               SENSE
               OF
               WHICH
               ,
               DOTH
               AT
               ONE
               AND
               THE
               SAME
               TIME
               EXTEND
               TO
               MANY
               .
               The
               Private
               ;
               SUCH
               AS
               REACH
               BUT
               TO
               SINGLE
               PERSONS
               .
               Amongst
               the
               former
               I
               reckon
               Warrs
               ,
               Pestilence
               ,
               Famine
               ,
               Tyranny
               ,
               Slaughter
               ,
               and
               such
               other
               things
               as
               spread
               abroad
               ;
               and
               do
               respect
               the
               community
               :
               Amongst
               the
               latter
               I
               put
               Grief
               ,
               Poverty
               ,
               Disgrace
               ,
               Death
               ;
               and
               what
               ever
               is
               enclos'd
               within
               private
               vvalls
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               concernment
               of
               some
               particular
               person
               .
               It
               is
               not
               upon
               any
               
               frivolous
               account
               that
               I
               thus
               distinguish
               .
               Forasmuch
               ,
               as
               indeed
               that
               Man
               mourns
               otherwise
               and
               in
               a
               different
               Fashion
               vvho
               laments
               the
               Calamity
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               the
               Exile
               and
               Destruction
               of
               many
               ;
               than
               he
               vvho
               only
               sighs
               for
               his
               own
               misfortunes
               .
               Add
               to
               this
               ,
               that
               from
               each
               of
               these
               do
               arise
               different
               Distempers
               ,
               and
               if
               I
               mistake
               not
               ,
               the
               more
               grievous
               and
               durable
               from
               the
               former
               .
               For
               most
               of
               us
               are
               concern'd
               in
               Publick
               Calamities
               ;
               vvhether
               it
               is
               that
               they
               rush
               upon
               us
               vvith
               an
               impetuous
               vehemence
               :
               Or
               as
               it
               vvere
               in
               a
               form'd
               Battalia
               do
               overwhelm
               the
               Opposer
               ,
               or
               rather
               that
               they
               flatter
               us
               vvith
               a
               kind
               of
               Ambition
               ,
               that
               keeps
               us
               ignorant
               and
               insensible
               ,
               that
               through
               them
               a
               sickness
               is
               bred
               in
               our
               Minds
               .
               For
               vvhoever
               he
               is
               that
               bows
               under
               a
               private
               Grief
               ,
               he
               must
               of
               necessity
               acknowledge
               his
               vice
               and
               vveakness
               ;
               although
               he
               amend
               it
               not
               ,
               for
               vvhat
               excuse
               hath
               he
               ?
               But
               he
               vvho
               falls
               
               under
               this
               other
               ;
               so
               farr
               is
               he
               many
               times
               from
               the
               acknowledgement
               of
               his
               fall
               and
               fault
               ,
               that
               he
               often
               makes
               it
               his
               boast
               ,
               and
               esteems
               it
               a
               praise-worthy
               thing
               .
               For
               it
               is
               styl'd
               Piety
               and
               Commiseration
               ,
               and
               there
               vvants
               but
               little
               ;
               that
               this
               publick
               Feaver
               is
               not
               consecrated
               not
               only
               amongst
               the
               Virtues
               ;
               but
               the
               very
               Deities
               themselves
               .
               The
               Poets
               and
               Oratours
               do
               everyvvhere
               extoll
               and
               inculcate
               the
               servent
               Love
               of
               our
               Country
               :
               Nor
               do
               I
               my self
               desire
               altogether
               to
               erase
               it
               ,
               but
               to
               temper
               and
               moderate
               it
               ;
               this
               is
               all
               that
               I
               contend
               for
               .
               For
               assuredly
               it
               is
               a
               very
               vice
               ,
               a
               Disease
               ,
               the
               very
               fall
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               and
               the
               casting
               of
               it
               down
               from
               its
               seat
               .
               But
               vvithall
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               very
               grievous
               Disease
               ,
               inasmuch
               as
               therein
               there
               is
               not
               a
               single
               Grief
               only
               ,
               but
               your
               own
               and
               anothers
               confounded
               ,
               and
               that
               other
               is
               also
               double
               ,
               respecting
               the
               Men
               ,
               or
               the
               Country
               .
            
             
               That
               you
               may
               the
               better
               apprehend
               
               what
               I
               have
               more
               obscurely
               deliver'd
               take
               this
               instance
               .
               You
               see
               your
               Belgia
               is
               at
               this
               time
               press'd
               vvith
               more
               than
               a
               single
               Calamity
               ;
               the
               Flames
               of
               this
               Civil
               vvar
               doth
               enwrap
               it
               on
               every
               side
               :
               You
               see
               on
               all
               hands
               that
               Fields
               are
               vvasted
               and
               spoiled
               ,
               Towns
               are
               burnt
               and
               overturned
               ;
               men
               are
               taken
               and
               slain
               ;
               Matrons
               are
               defiled
               ;
               Virgins
               ravished
               ,
               and
               vvhatsoever
               inhumanities
               use
               to
               accompany
               vvarr
               .
               Is
               not
               here
               matter
               of
               Grief
               to
               you
               ?
               Grief
               indeed
               ;
               but
               a
               various
               and
               divided
               one
               (
               if
               you
               consider
               it
               vvell
               ;
               inasmuch
               as
               at
               one
               and
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               you
               lament
               your self
               ,
               and
               your
               Countrymen
               ,
               and
               your
               Country
               besides
               .
               In
               your self
               your
               losses
               ,
               in
               your
               Countrymen
               their
               various
               Fortune
               and
               Death
               ,
               in
               your
               Country
               ,
               the
               change
               and
               overthrow
               of
               its
               State.
               Here
               you
               have
               cause
               to
               cry
               out
               ;
               O
               miserable
               man
               that
               I
               am
               !
               there
               
                 
                   So
                   many
                   of
                   my
                   Countrymen
                   must
                   stand
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   shock
                   of
                   Plagues
                   brought
                   by
                   a
                   hostile
                   hand
                   !
                
              
               
               and
               lastly
               elsewhere
               :
               My
               Father
               !
               My
               Country
               !
               So
               that
               he
               vvho
               is
               not
               affected
               vvith
               these
               things
               :
               he
               on
               whom
               the
               vvedge
               and
               vveight
               of
               so
               many
               invading
               Evils
               can
               vvork
               nothing
               ,
               must
               certainly
               be
               either
               a
               very
               temperate
               and
               vvise
               person
               ,
               or
               exceedingly
               hard
               hearted
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
            
             
               
                 Publick
                 Evils
                 oppos'd
                 .
                 Three
                 Affections
                 restrain'd
                 :
                 and
                 of
                 these
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Ambitious
                 Simulation
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Men
                 lament
                 their
                 own
                 misfortunes
                 as
                 Publick
                 Evils
                 .
              
            
             
               WHat
               think
               you
               Lipsius
               have
               I
               not
               seem'd
               sufficiently
               to
               prevaricate
               vvith
               my
               Constancy
               ,
               and
               to
               plead
               the
               Cause
               of
               your
               Grief
               ?
               Yet
               I
               have
               done
               but
               as
               couragious
               and
               
               brave
               Chieftains
               use
               ;
               I
               have
               dar'd
               out
               your
               vvhole
               Forces
               into
               the
               Field
               ;
               and
               now
               I
               mean
               to
               deal
               with
               them
               ,
               in
               a
               Skirmish
               first
               and
               then
               a
               joyned
               Battail
               :
               In
               our
               Skirmish
               ,
               there
               are
               three
               Affections
               (
               Great
               Enemies
               to
               Constancy
               )
               vvhich
               at
               the
               first
               onset
               are
               to
               be
               thrown
               under
               Foot
               ,
               these
               are
               Simulation
               ,
               Piety
               and
               Pitty
               :
               I
               'le
               begin
               vvith
               Simulation
               .
            
             
               You
               are
               not
               able
               you
               say
               to
               endure
               these
               publick
               evils
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               not
               only
               grievous
               to
               you
               but
               Death
               it self
               .
               Are
               you
               in
               good
               earnest
               ,
               or
               vvhether
               is
               not
               there
               here
               some
               imposture
               and
               cousenage
               ?
               At
               this
               a
               little
               heated
               :
               Nay
               said
               I
               do
               you
               ask
               this
               in
               earnest
               ,
               or
               vvhether
               is
               it
               mockery
               of
               my
               Grief
               ,
               and
               on
               purpose
               to
               provoke
               me
               ?
               I
               am
               serious
               reply'd
               he
               ,
               for
               there
               are
               not
               a
               few
               of
               this
               Spittle
               of
               yours
               that
               impose
               upon
               their
               Physicians
               ,
               and
               Counterfeit
               a
               publick
               Grief
               vvhich
               yet
               in
               reality
               is
               but
               a
               private
               one
               .
               I
               demand
               therefore
               
               vvhether
               you
               are
               certain
               that
               this
               care
               ,
               
                 
                   VVhich
                   deeply
                   rooted
                   in
                   your
                   brest
                
                 
                   Doth
                   you
                   so
                   grievously
                   molest
                   ,
                
              
               be
               taken
               up
               by
               you
               ,
               upon
               your
               Countryes
               account
               ,
               or
               only
               upon
               your
               own
               ?
               What
               do
               you
               doubt
               it
               said
               I
               ?
               I
               mourn
               solely
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               my
               Country
               ,
               my
               Country
               Langius
               .
               He
               shaking
               his
               head
               as
               unsatisfyed
               ;
               consider
               of
               it
               again
               and
               again
               Young
               Man
               said
               he
               ;
               I
               shall
               vvonder
               to
               find
               in
               you
               so
               excellent
               and
               sincere
               a
               Piety
               ,
               for
               certainly
               it
               is
               to
               be
               met
               vvith
               ,
               but
               in
               a
               very
               few
               .
               I
               acknowledge
               it
               is
               usuall
               for
               Men
               to
               complain
               of
               publick
               evils
               ;
               nor
               is
               there
               any
               Grief
               so
               common
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               I
               may
               so
               say
               )
               that
               doth
               sooner
               shew
               it self
               in
               the
               Forehead
               :
               But
               if
               you
               examine
               it
               a
               little
               more
               nearly
               ;
               you
               shall
               soon
               discover
               some
               disagreement
               betwixt
               the
               heart
               and
               the
               tongue
               .
               The
               Calamity
               of
               
               my
               Country
               doth
               affect
               me
               ;
               are
               vvords
               more
               ambitious
               than
               true
               :
               born
               in
               the
               Lips
               rather
               than
               in
               the
               Reines
               .
               That
               vvhich
               is
               reported
               of
               Polus
               the
               Famous
               Actour
               ,
               that
               vvhen
               he
               was
               to
               play
               such
               a
               part
               at
               Athens
               as
               required
               to
               be
               presented
               vvith
               a
               remarkable
               passion
               ;
               he
               privily
               brought
               in
               the
               Urne
               and
               Bones
               of
               his
               dead
               Son
               ,
               and
               so
               fill'd
               the
               vvhole
               Theatre
               vvith
               unfeigned
               Lamentations
               and
               Tears
               ;
               the
               same
               may
               be
               said
               of
               most
               of
               you
               .
               You
               play
               your
               parts
               in
               a
               Comedy
               (
               my
               Friends
               )
               and
               disguised
               in
               the
               masking
               Face
               of
               your
               Country
               ;
               you
               lament
               your
               private
               losses
               vvith
               the
               truest
               and
               most
               lively
               Tears
               ;
               The
               vvhole
               World
               saies
               Arbiter
               are
               employ'd
               in
               a
               Stage-play
               :
               I
               am
               sure
               it
               is
               so
               here
               .
               This
               Civil
               Warr
               (
               say
               they
               )
               torments
               us
               ,
               the
               shedding
               of
               innocent
               blood
               ,
               and
               the
               decease
               of
               Liberty
               and
               the
               Laws
               .
               Say
               ye
               so
               ?
               I
               perceive
               indeed
               your
               Grief
               ,
               I
               now
               ask
               and
               enquire
               of
               the
               cause
               
               of
               it
               .
               Is
               it
               because
               Publick
               matters
               are
               but
               in
               an
               Evil
               case
               ?
               Away
               vvith
               thy
               vizzard
               thou
               Stage-player
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               because
               thy
               own
               concernments
               are
               so
               .
               We
               have
               often
               seen
               the
               Rusticks
               tremble
               and
               throng
               together
               unto
               the
               Temples
               ,
               upon
               the
               approach
               of
               some
               sudden
               and
               unexpected
               Calamity
               ;
               but
               so
               soon
               as
               it
               is
               over
               ,
               call
               aside
               those
               very
               men
               ;
               examine
               them
               apart
               ,
               and
               you
               vvill
               find
               that
               each
               of
               these
               vvas
               in
               fear
               only
               for
               his
               Corn
               ,
               and
               some
               little
               Close
               of
               his
               own
               .
               Let
               them
               cry
               Fire
               ,
               Fire
               ,
               in
               this
               City
               ,
               and
               I
               may
               almost
               affirm
               that
               the
               very
               Blind
               and
               the
               Lame
               vvill
               run
               to
               quench
               it
               .
               But
               vvhat
               think
               you
               ?
               Is
               it
               for
               the
               Love
               of
               their
               Country
               ?
               Inquire
               of
               themselves
               I
               pray
               ,
               and
               the
               answer
               vvill
               be
               because
               the
               loss
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               the
               fear
               of
               it
               doth
               extend
               to
               every
               Man
               in
               particular
               .
               It
               is
               in
               this
               case
               ,
               after
               the
               very
               same
               manner
               :
               Publick
               evils
               do
               generally
               afflict
               and
               disquiet
               Men
               ;
               not
               because
               
               many
               are
               concern'd
               in
               those
               losses
               :
               but
               because
               themselves
               are
               amongst
               those
               many
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 clearer
                 discovery
                 of
                 this
                 Simulation
                 by
                 Examples
                 ;
                 something
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 )
                 of
                 our
                 true
                 Country
                 .
                 Of
                 that
                 malice
                 in
                 Men
                 ,
                 which
                 occasions
                 them
                 to
                 rejoyce
                 in
                 the
                 Evils
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 when
                 themselves
                 are
                 secure
                 .
              
            
             
               BE
               you
               therefore
               the
               Judge
               ,
               and
               let
               this
               cause
               be
               pleaded
               before
               your
               own
               Tribunal
               ;
               only
               (
               as
               I
               said
               before
               )
               let
               the
               disguise
               be
               taken
               off
               .
               As
               thus
               .
               Do
               you
               indeed
               feare
               this
               Warre
               ?
               You
               do
               feare
               it
               .
               Upon
               what
               account
               ?
               Because
               Pestilence
               and
               Slaughter
               are
               the
               companions
               of
               Warre
               .
               To
               whom
               
               comes
               that
               Pestilence
               ?
               To
               others
               indeed
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               but
               it
               may
               also
               in
               time
               reach
               unto
               you
               .
               Behold
               there
               the
               true
               source
               of
               your
               Grief
               ;
               and
               (
               if
               without
               the
               rack
               you
               will
               confesse
               the
               truth
               )
               it
               hath
               no
               other
               fountain
               .
               For
               as
               when
               the
               lightning
               hath
               strook
               down
               some
               one
               ;
               even
               those
               also
               tremble
               who
               are
               near
               :
               so
               in
               those
               great
               and
               Common
               Calamities
               ,
               the
               losse
               arrives
               unto
               few
               ;
               but
               the
               fear
               unto
               all
               .
               Now
               take
               but
               that
               away
               ,
               and
               together
               with
               it
               this
               grief
               also
               is
               removed
               .
               If
               Warre
               be
               amongst
               the
               AEthiopians
               or
               Indians
               ,
               you
               are
               not
               mov'd
               at
               all
               (
               for
               you
               are
               in
               no
               danger
               )
               but
               if
               in
               Belgia
               ,
               then
               you
               lament
               and
               take
               on
               ,
               and
               deliver
               up
               your self
               to
               all
               the
               expressions
               of
               sorrow
               .
               But
               if
               you
               bewaile
               Publick
               evills
               as
               such
               ;
               where
               lyes
               the
               difference
               ?
               you
               will
               say
               that
               is
               not
               my
               Country
               .
               Thou
               Fool
               !
               Are
               not
               they
               also
               men
               ?
               of
               the
               same
               stock
               and
               original
               with
               they
               self
               ?
               under
               the
               same
               
               Canopy
               of
               heaven
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               same
               Globe
               of
               Earth
               ?
               suppose
               you
               that
               this
               little
               Horizon
               which
               these
               mountains
               terminate
               ,
               and
               these
               Rivers
               bound
               ,
               is
               your
               Country
               ?
               you
               are
               mistaken
               ;
               It
               is
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               wheresoever
               there
               are
               men
               sprung
               from
               that
               celestial
               seed
               .
               Socrates
               of
               old
               reply'd
               excellently
               to
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               of
               what
               Country
               he
               was
               :
               of
               the
               World
               said
               he
               .
               For
               a
               great
               and
               lofty
               mind
               includes
               not
               it self
               within
               the
               narrow
               limits
               of
               opinion
               :
               but
               in
               its
               apprehension
               and
               thought
               embraces
               this
               whole
               universe
               as
               its
               own
               .
               We
               have
               seen
               and
               derided
               the
               folly
               of
               such
               ;
               whose
               keepers
               have
               tyed
               them
               in
               a
               nooz
               of
               stravv
               only
               ;
               or
               some
               slender
               thread
               :
               and
               yet
               they
               have
               stood
               as
               if
               they
               vvere
               shackl'd
               in
               fetters
               of
               iron
               :
               such
               a
               kind
               of
               madnesse
               is
               this
               of
               ours
               :
               vvho
               by
               the
               vain
               bond
               of
               opinion
               are
               restrain'd
               to
               a
               certain
               part
               of
               earth
               .
               But
               to
               omit
               these
               stronger
               vvayes
               of
               reasoning
               
               (
               in
               regard
               I
               fear
               you
               are
               not
               yet
               able
               to
               concoct
               them
               )
               I
               shall
               adde
               this
               farther
               .
               Suppose
               that
               some
               god
               should
               promise
               you
               ,
               that
               during
               this
               vvar
               ,
               your
               fields
               should
               be
               untouch'd
               ;
               your
               house
               and
               mony
               safe
               ,
               and
               your self
               set
               on
               some
               mountains
               top
               ,
               folded
               in
               one
               of
               Homers
               clouds
               :
               vvould
               you
               grieve
               still
               ?
               I
               vvill
               not
               say
               it
               of
               you
               ,
               but
               there
               are
               a
               sort
               of
               men
               ,
               that
               vvould
               even
               rejoice
               ,
               and
               greedily
               feed
               their
               eyes
               vvith
               the
               confused
               slaughter
               of
               dying
               men
               .
               What
               do
               you
               deny
               this
               ,
               or
               seem
               to
               vvonder
               at
               it
               ?
               I
               tell
               you
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               inbred
               malice
               in
               the
               disposition
               of
               mankind
               ;
               vvhich
               as
               the
               old
               Poet
               speakes
               
                 Ioyes
                 at
                 another
                 mans
                 calamities
                 .
              
               And
               as
               there
               are
               a
               sort
               of
               Apples
               ,
               vvhich
               to
               the
               tast
               are
               svveetly
               sovvre
               :
               such
               are
               other
               mens
               perplexities
               vvhen
               our selves
               are
               secure
               .
               Set
               me
               but
               a
               man
               on
               such
               a
               shore
               of
               the
               
               Ocean
               vvhere
               he
               may
               behold
               a
               Shipvvrack
               ,
               he
               vvill
               possibly
               be
               affected
               ,
               but
               not
               vvithout
               a
               certain
               pleasing
               titillation
               of
               the
               Mind
               ;
               as
               one
               that
               beholds
               other
               Mens
               extremities
               vvithout
               his
               ovvn
               :
               But
               place
               the
               same
               Man
               in
               the
               same
               endangered
               Ship
               ,
               and
               then
               hee
               'l
               grieve
               (
               I
               'le
               vvarrant
               ye
               )
               after
               another
               fashion
               .
               It
               is
               the
               same
               here
               vvhen
               vve
               have
               said
               and
               done
               all
               that
               vve
               can
               :
               And
               vve
               do
               bevvaile
               our
               ovvn
               Miseries
               truly
               and
               unfeignedly
               ;
               vvhile
               vve
               lament
               those
               that
               are
               publick
               only
               to
               be
               talk'd
               of
               ,
               or
               because
               it
               is
               a
               custom
               .
               Excellently
               Pindar
            
             
               Our
               own
               misfortunes
               when
               they
               light
            
             
               they
               wound
               us
               very
               near
               ;
            
             
               But
               let
               another
               feel
               the
               spite
            
             
               Our
               hearts
               are
               quickly
               clear
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               at
               the
               last
               Lipsius
               ,
               dravv
               aside
               this
               Scenick
               Tapestry
               ,
               fold
               up
               this
               Veile
               of
               the
               Stage
               ,
               and
               vvithout
               
               Simulation
               ,
               shevv
               us
               your self
               in
               the
               Genuine
               Countenance
               of
               your
               ovvn
               Grief
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               
            
             
               
                 A
                 Complaint
                 of
                 Langius
                 his
                 so
                 liberall
                 Reproof
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 .
                 Endeavours
                 of
                 refuting
                 what
                 was
                 before
                 said
                 .
                 Our
                 Obligation
                 and
                 Love
                 to
                 our
                 Country
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               first
               Skirmish
               seem'd
               to
               me
               somevvhat
               sharp
               ,
               and
               therefore
               interposing
               ,
               vvhat
               kind
               of
               Liberty
               (
               said
               I
               )
               or
               rather
               ,
               vvhat
               sharpness
               of
               speech
               is
               this
               ?
               You
               are
               so
               smart
               that
               I
               may
               vvell
               call
               unto
               you
               vvith
               Euripides
               ,
            
             
               Adde
               not
               affliction
               to
               a
               Soul
               distrest
               ,
            
             
               I
               am
               already
               but
               too
               much
               opprest
               .
            
             
             
               Langius
               smiling
               ,
               and
               what
               said
               he
               do
               you
               then
               expect
               at
               my
               hands
               ,
               Wafers
               or
               Muscadell
               ?
               It
               is
               not
               long
               since
               you
               call'd
               for
               the
               sharpest
               Methods
               of
               Chirurgery
               ;
               And
               rightly
               ,
               for
               you
               hear
               a
               Philosopher
               Lipsius
               and
               not
               a
               Minstrel
               ;
               vvhose
               design
               is
               to
               teach
               ,
               not
               to
               entertain
               ,
               to
               profit
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               please
               .
               I
               had
               rather
               you
               should
               blush
               and
               be
               asham'd
               ,
               than
               laugh
               :
               and
               that
               you
               should
               repent
               rather
               than
               triumph
               .
               The
               School
               of
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               O
               yea
               Men
               (
               said
               Rufus
               of
               old
               )
               is
               the
               shop
               of
               a
               physician
               ,
               vvhereunto
               Men
               hasten
               for
               health
               and
               not
               for
               Divertisement
               .
               This
               Physician
               neither
               flatters
               nor
               smooths
               up
               any
               ,
               but
               pierces
               ,
               tents
               ,
               and
               searches
               the
               vvound
               ,
               and
               vvith
               a
               kind
               of
               sharp
               Salt
               of
               Speech
               ,
               fcoures
               away
               that
               Scurfe
               that
               cleaves
               to
               our
               Minds
               .
               And
               therefore
               Lipsius
               dream
               not
               (
               no
               not
               hereafter
               )
               of
               Roses
               ,
               Pulse
               ,
               and
               Poppyes
               ,
               but
               of
               Thorns
               and
               Poynards
               ,
               of
               Worme-wood
               and
               Vinegar
               .
               
               But
               said
               I
               Langius
               (
               if
               I
               may
               say
               it
               )
               you
               deal
               with
               me
               in
               an
               ill
               and
               malicious
               manner
               :
               Nor
               do
               you
               as
               a
               skilfull
               vvrastler
               cast
               me
               upon
               a
               right
               lock
               ;
               but
               supplant
               me
               by
               a
               cheat
               .
               In
               a
               counterfeit
               manner
               (
               say
               you
               )
               vve
               lament
               our
               Country
               .
               Do
               I
               ?
               It
               is
               not
               so
               .
               For
               to
               grant
               you
               this
               (
               as
               one
               that
               means
               ingeniously
               )
               that
               I
               have
               therein
               a
               respect
               unto
               my self
               ,
               yet
               not
               unto
               my self
               alone
               .
               For
               I
               do
               lament
               Langius
               ,
               I
               do
               lament
               my
               Country
               in
               the
               First
               place
               ,
               and
               I
               vvill
               lament
               it
               ,
               although
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               its
               hazzards
               ,
               there
               should
               be
               no
               danger
               to
               me
               .
               And
               that
               upon
               the
               justest
               grounds
               ,
               for
               this
               is
               she
               vvhich
               hath
               entertain'd
               ,
               foster'd
               ,
               and
               nourish'd
               me
               ;
               and
               is
               according
               to
               the
               common
               sence
               of
               Nations
               our
               most
               Reverend
               and
               Venerable
               Parent
               .
               But
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               you
               assign
               me
               the
               whole
               Universe
               as
               my
               Country
               .
               Who
               doubts
               it
               ?
               But
               yet
               even
               your self
               vvill
               confess
               ,
               that
               besides
               this
               vast
               and
               common
               one
               ,
               I
               have
               another
               
               more
               limited
               and
               peculiar
               Country
               ;
               unto
               vvhich
               by
               a
               certain
               secret
               bond
               of
               Nature
               I
               have
               a
               nearer
               Obligation
               .
               Unless
               you
               do
               imagine
               that
               there
               is
               no
               force
               in
               our
               being
               swath'd
               and
               suckl'd
               in
               that
               our
               Native
               soil
               ,
               vvhich
               vve
               have
               first
               greeted
               vvith
               this
               Body
               of
               ours
               ;
               and
               first
               set
               foot
               upon
               ,
               vvhose
               Air
               vve
               have
               breath'd
               ;
               in
               which
               our
               Infancy
               hath
               cri'd
               ,
               our
               Childhood
               play'd
               ,
               and
               in
               vvhich
               our
               youth
               hath
               been
               educated
               and
               trained
               up
               .
               Where
               the
               Skies
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               Fields
               are
               familiar
               with
               our
               eyes
               :
               wherein
               in
               a
               continued
               order
               ,
               are
               our
               Kindred
               and
               Friends
               ,
               and
               Associates
               :
               and
               so
               many
               other
               invitations
               unto
               Joy
               ;
               as
               vve
               in
               vain
               hope
               to
               meet
               vvith
               in
               any
               other
               place
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
               Nor
               are
               these
               tyes
               (
               as
               you
               seem
               to
               assert
               )
               from
               the
               slender
               threads
               of
               Opinion
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               strong
               Chains
               of
               Nature
               it self
               .
               Go
               to
               the
               Creatures
               themselves
               and
               behold
               the
               vvildest
               among
               them
               do
               love
               and
               own
               the
               
               places
               vvhere
               they
               lodge
               ,
               and
               the
               Birds
               their
               Nests
               .
               The
               very
               Fishes
               themselves
               ,
               in
               that
               vast
               and
               boundless
               Ocean
               ,
               do
               yet
               delight
               in
               the
               enjoyment
               of
               some
               certain
               part
               of
               it
               .
               For
               what
               should
               I
               speak
               of
               Men
               ?
               Who
               vvhether
               they
               are
               civiliz'd
               or
               still
               in
               Barbarisme
               ;
               are
               yet
               so
               glew'd
               to
               their
               Native
               Earth
               ,
               that
               whosoever
               is
               a
               Man
               will
               never
               doubt
               to
               dye
               for
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               .
               And
               therefore
               Langius
               this
               new
               and
               rigid
               Wisdom
               of
               yours
               ,
               (
               for
               the
               present
               )
               I
               neither
               embrace
               nor
               comprehend
               ,
               I
               am
               rather
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Euripides
               more
               truly
               affirming
               ,
               that
               
                 
                   Necessity
                   it self
                   commands
                
                 
                   All
                   Men
                   to
                   love
                   their
                   Native
                   Lands
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Affection
                 of
                 too
                 much
                 Love
                 to
                 our
                 Country
                 refuted
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 falsly
                 call'd
                 Piety
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 whence
                 this
                 Affection
                 hath
                 its
                 Original
                 .
                 what
                 is
                 properly
                 and
                 truly
                 our
                 Country
                 .
              
            
             
               LAngius
               smiling
               at
               this
               discourse
               ;
               Young
               Man
               (
               said
               he
               )
               your
               Piety
               is
               vvonderful
               ,
               and
               now
               it
               concernes
               the
               Brother
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
              
               to
               look
               after
               his
               Sir-name
               .
               Notwithstanding
               it
               falls
               out
               vvell
               ,
               that
               this
               Affection
               doth
               so
               readily
               present
               it self
               and
               advance
               before
               its
               colours
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               had
               before
               determin'd
               to
               charge
               and
               to
               overthrow
               with
               some
               light
               endeavour
               .
               But
               in
               the
               first
               place
               I
               must
               seize
               upon
               as
               spoil
               that
               very
               beautiful
               Garment
               wherewith
               it
               hath
               unhappily
               attyr'd
               it self
               :
               For
               this
               Love
               
               unto
               our
               Country
               is
               commonly
               call'd
               Piety
               ;
               vvhich
               for
               my
               part
               as
               I
               do
               not
               understand
               ,
               so
               neither
               am
               I
               able
               to
               endure
               .
               For
               how
               comes
               it
               to
               be
               Piety
               ?
               Which
               I
               acknowledge
               to
               be
               an
               excellent
               Virtue
               ,
               and
               properly
               nothing
               else
               but
               A
               LAWFUL
               ,
               DUE
               ,
               HONOUR
               AND
               LOVE
               TO
               GOD
               ,
               AND
               OUR
               PARENTS
               .
               With
               vvhat
               Fore-head
               now
               doth
               our
               Country
               seat
               it self
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               these
               ?
               Because
               say
               they
               it
               is
               that
               vvhich
               is
               our
               most
               Ancient
               and
               Reverend
               Parent
               .
               Ah
               silly
               Souls
               !
               And
               herein
               injurious
               not
               only
               to
               Reason
               but
               also
               unto
               Nature
               it self
               .
               Is
               that
               a
               Parent
               ?
               Upon
               vvhat
               account
               ,
               or
               in
               vvhat
               respect
               ?
               For
               I
               profess
               I
               see
               not
               ,
               if
               you
               Lipsius
               are
               any
               sharper
               sighted
               ,
               help
               to
               enlighten
               me
               .
               Is
               it
               because
               it
               hath
               entertain'd
               us
               (
               for
               that
               you
               seem'd
               to
               insinuate
               but
               now
               )
               the
               like
               hath
               been
               done
               to
               us
               often
               by
               an
               Host
               or
               Inkeeper
               .
               Hath
               it
               cherish'd
               us
               ?
               So
               have
               our
               Nurses
               ,
               and
               
               those
               Women
               that
               ,
               vvhen
               time
               vvas
               ,
               bare
               us
               too
               and
               fro
               ,
               vvith
               a
               farre
               greater
               tenderness
               .
               Hath
               it
               nourish'd
               us
               ?
               This
               Office
               it
               performs
               daily
               to
               Beasts
               and
               Trees
               ,
               and
               all
               sorts
               of
               Grain
               ,
               and
               so
               do
               also
               those
               great
               Bodyes
               ;
               Heaven
               ,
               Air
               and
               VVater
               ,
               as
               vvell
               as
               the
               Earth
               .
               To
               conclude
               ,
               transport
               your self
               ,
               and
               any
               other
               soil
               vvill
               performe
               the
               same
               .
               These
               are
               frothy
               light
               vvords
               ,
               from
               vvhich
               nothing
               can
               be
               extracted
               besides
               a
               certain
               vulgar
               and
               unprofitable
               juice
               of
               Opinion
               .
               Those
               are
               indeed
               our
               Parents
               ,
               vvho
               have
               conceiv'd
               ,
               begot
               ,
               and
               gone
               vvith
               us
               ;
               to
               vvhom
               vve
               are
               seed
               of
               their
               seed
               ,
               blood
               of
               their
               blood
               ,
               and
               flesh
               of
               their
               flesh
               .
               Of
               all
               vvhich
               if
               there
               is
               any
               thing
               vvhich
               in
               any
               degree
               of
               comparison
               ,
               may
               be
               fitly
               spoken
               of
               our
               Country
               :
               I
               am
               willing
               that
               all
               my
               attempts
               ,
               against
               this
               kind
               of
               Piety
               ,
               should
               prove
               but
               lost
               labour
               .
               But
               (
               say
               you
               )
               there
               are
               many
               learned
               and
               great
               Men
               ,
               who
               
               every
               vvhere
               have
               spoken
               after
               this
               fashion
               .
               I
               acknowledge
               it
               ,
               but
               it
               vvas
               then
               vvhen
               they
               had
               respect
               to
               Fame
               only
               ,
               not
               to
               truth
               ;
               vvhich
               if
               you
               vvill
               follow
               ,
               you
               shall
               restore
               back
               that
               Sacred
               and
               August
               Name
               unto
               God
               ;
               or
               (
               if
               you
               please
               )
               to
               your
               Parents
               ,
               and
               command
               this
               Affection
               (
               vvhen
               it
               is
               corrected
               )
               to
               be
               contented
               vvith
               the
               honest
               name
               of
               Charity
               .
               But
               thus
               far
               concerning
               the
               name
               only
               ,
               let
               us
               now
               consider
               the
               thing
               ;
               vvhich
               truly
               I
               shall
               not
               vvholly
               remove
               ,
               but
               moderate
               ,
               and
               pare
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               vvith
               the
               Pen-knife
               of
               Right
               Reason
               .
               For
               as
               the
               Vine
               unless
               you
               prune
               it
               ,
               vvill
               very
               vvidely
               extend
               it self
               :
               So
               vvill
               those
               Affections
               more
               especially
               ,
               vvhose
               Sails
               are
               swell'd
               vvith
               any
               gust
               of
               popularity
               .
               And
               I
               readily
               confess
               to
               you
               Lipsius
               (
               for
               I
               have
               not
               so
               put
               off
               at
               once
               ,
               both
               the
               Man
               and
               the
               Citizen
               )
               that
               there
               is
               in
               every
               one
               of
               us
               ,
               a
               kind
               of
               inclination
               and
               Love
               to
               this
               lesser
               country
               of
               ours
               :
               
               the
               causes
               and
               Original
               of
               vvhich
               I
               perceive
               are
               not
               so
               clearly
               understood
               by
               you
               .
               For
               you
               vvill
               have
               it
               to
               be
               from
               Nature
               ,
               vvhereas
               it
               is
               indeed
               from
               a
               kind
               of
               usage
               and
               Custome
               .
               For
               after
               that
               Men
               from
               that
               rude
               and
               solitary
               life
               ,
               vvere
               forc'd
               from
               the
               Fields
               into
               Towns
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               build
               Houses
               and
               Fortifications
               ,
               to
               grow
               into
               Societies
               ,
               and
               informed
               Bodies
               ,
               to
               make
               or
               repell
               invasions
               :
               From
               that
               time
               there
               did
               of
               necessity
               commence
               amongst
               them
               ,
               a
               kind
               of
               Communion
               and
               Partnership
               as
               to
               divers
               things
               .
               They
               together
               possess'd
               such
               a
               part
               of
               Earth
               vvith
               such
               and
               such
               limits
               :
               They
               had
               their
               Temples
               ,
               Market-places
               ,
               Treasuries
               and
               Courts
               of
               Judicature
               in
               Common
               ;
               and
               (
               vvhich
               is
               the
               principal
               bond
               )
               their
               Rites
               ,
               Statutes
               ,
               and
               Lawes
               .
               Which
               things
               yet
               our
               covetousnes
               ,
               did
               so
               begin
               to
               love
               and
               care
               for
               (
               nor
               did
               it
               therein
               altogether
               erre
               )
               as
               its
               own
               peculiar
               ,
               For
               there
               is
               indeed
               
               unto
               every
               particular
               Citizen
               ,
               a
               true
               right
               as
               to
               those
               things
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               farther
               differ
               from
               private
               posessions
               than
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               not
               the
               propriety
               of
               any
               Person
               alone
               .
               Now
               that
               Community
               doth
               express
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               a
               kind
               of
               forme
               and
               face
               of
               a
               new
               State
               ,
               vvhich
               vve
               call
               a
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               thing
               (
               properly
               )
               our
               Country
               .
               In
               vvhich
               vvhen
               Men
               did
               understand
               how
               much
               of
               moment
               there
               vvas
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               safety
               of
               every
               particular
               Person
               ,
               there
               vvere
               then
               also
               Lawes
               made
               concerning
               the
               improvement
               and
               defence
               of
               it
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               a
               Custome
               derived
               from
               our
               Ancestours
               ,
               vvhich
               hath
               the
               force
               of
               a
               Law.
               Hence
               it
               comes
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               vve
               rejoyce
               in
               its
               advantages
               ,
               and
               grieve
               in
               its
               Calamities
               :
               Forasmuch
               as
               in
               very
               deed
               our
               private
               substance
               is
               safe
               ,
               in
               the
               safety
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               perishes
               in
               the
               devastations
               of
               it
               .
               Hence
               is
               charity
               or
               Love
               towards
               it
               ,
               vvhich
               our
               Ancestours
               
               (
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               the
               publick
               good
               ,
               vvhereunto
               also
               a
               certain
               secret
               providence
               of
               God
               doth
               attract
               us
               )
               have
               encreased
               ,
               vvhile
               they
               endeavour'd
               in
               every
               of
               their
               vvords
               and
               deeds
               to
               advance
               the
               Majesty
               of
               their
               Country
               .
               This
               Affection
               therefore
               in
               my
               Opinion
               is
               from
               Custom
               ,
               but
               if
               from
               Nature
               (
               as
               you
               did
               lately
               insinuate
               )
               vvhat
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               it
               diffuseth
               not
               it self
               into
               all
               alike
               ,
               and
               in
               equal
               measure
               ?
               Why
               do
               the
               Nobility
               and
               vvealthier
               sort
               love
               and
               care
               for
               their
               Country
               more
               ,
               and
               the
               vulgar
               and
               meaner
               sort
               less
               ?
               Whom
               you
               may
               behold
               (
               for
               the
               most
               part
               )
               full
               of
               their
               own
               cares
               vvith
               a
               palpable
               neglect
               of
               the
               publick
               ,
               vvhich
               yet
               doth
               most
               certainly
               fall
               out
               otherwise
               in
               every
               such
               Affection
               as
               proceeds
               from
               the
               peremptory
               injunctions
               of
               Nature
               .
               To
               conclude
               ,
               vvhat
               reason
               vvill
               you
               assigne
               why
               so
               light
               an
               occasion
               should
               oftentimes
               diminish
               or
               remove
               it
               ?
               See
               how
               this
               man
               Revenge
               ,
               a
               second
               
               Love
               ,
               and
               others
               Ambition
               hath
               allur'd
               from
               their
               Country
               ;
               and
               in
               our
               dayes
               how
               many
               hath
               the
               God
               Mammon
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               seduced
               ?
               How
               many
               Italians
               are
               there
               ,
               vvho
               quitting
               Italy
               the
               Queen
               of
               Countrys
               for
               gain
               alone
               have
               transported
               themselves
               into
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Germany
              
               ,
               yea
               into
               Sarmatia
               and
               there
               fixed
               their
               habitations
               ?
               How
               many
               thousand
               Spaniards
               ,
               doth
               Avarice
               and
               Ambition
               yearly
               draw
               into
               remote
               Lands
               and
               of
               a
               different
               Climate
               ?
               Certainly
               a
               great
               and
               strong
               proof
               ,
               that
               this
               vvhole
               Obligation
               is
               but
               external
               and
               Opinionative
               ;
               seeing
               some
               one
               or
               other
               Lust
               can
               vvith
               that
               facility
               dissolve
               or
               break
               it
               .
               But
               you
               erre
               also
               to
               purpose
               Lipsius
               ,
               in
               the
               bounding
               of
               that
               Country
               ,
               for
               you
               restrain
               it
               to
               that
               Native
               soil
               of
               ours
               vvherein
               vve
               have
               settled
               ,
               and
               whereupon
               we
               have
               walk'd
               ,
               and
               such
               other
               things
               as
               you
               tinckle
               with
               a
               vain
               sound
               of
               Words
               .
               For
               you
               will
               seek
               in
               vain
               from
               thence
               
               the
               Natural
               causes
               of
               this
               Love.
               For
               if
               only
               our
               Native
               soil
               may
               challenge
               that
               name
               ,
               then
               only
               Bruxells
               is
               my
               Country
               ,
               Isca
               thine
               ,
               a
               Cottage
               or
               a
               Hut
               vvill
               be
               some
               other
               Mans
               :
               Yes
               there
               are
               many
               that
               vvill
               not
               have
               so
               much
               as
               a
               Cottage
               for
               theirs
               ,
               but
               must
               seek
               it
               in
               the
               Woods
               or
               open
               Fields
               .
               Shall
               then
               my
               love
               and
               care
               be
               shut
               up
               vvithin
               such
               narrow
               limits
               ?
               Shall
               I
               embrace
               and
               defend
               this
               Village
               or
               that
               House
               as
               my
               Country
               ?
               You
               are
               sensible
               of
               the
               absurdities
               ;
               and
               Oh
               how
               happy
               (
               according
               to
               your
               determination
               in
               these
               matters
               )
               are
               those
               Wood-men
               and
               Rusticks
               ,
               vvhose
               Native
               soile
               is
               ever
               in
               its
               flourish
               ,
               and
               almost
               beyond
               all
               the
               hazzards
               of
               Calamity
               or
               Ruine
               !
               But
               certainly
               that
               is
               not
               our
               Country
               ;
               No
               ,
               but
               (
               as
               I
               said
               before
               )
               some
               one
               State
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               vvere
               a
               common
               Ship
               under
               one
               Lord
               ,
               or
               under
               one
               Law
               ;
               VVhich
               if
               you
               vvill
               have
               (
               of
               right
               )
               to
               be
               beloved
               by
               its
               Natives
               ;
               I
               shall
               
               confess
               it
               :
               If
               to
               be
               defended
               I
               shall
               acknovvledge
               it
               ,
               If
               death
               to
               be
               undergone
               for
               its
               sake
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               be
               against
               it
               ;
               but
               shall
               never
               yield
               to
               that
               that
               vve
               should
               also
               grieve
               ,
               be
               cast
               dovvn
               ,
               lament
               ,
               
                 
                   If
                   once
                   our
                   Country
                   for
                   it
                   cry
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   sweet
                   and
                   glorious
                   then
                   to
                   dye
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Said
               the
               Poet
               of
               Venusia
               vvith
               the
               loud
               applause
               of
               the
               vvhole
               Theatre
               ;
               but
               then
               he
               said
               to
               dye
               ,
               not
               to
               vveep
               .
               For
               vve
               ought
               so
               to
               be
               good
               Citizens
               ,
               as
               that
               vve
               may
               also
               be
               good
               Men
               ;
               vvhich
               vve
               cease
               to
               be
               ,
               as
               oft
               as
               vve
               decline
               to
               the
               ejulations
               and
               laments
               of
               Children
               or
               Women
               .
               Finally
               ,
               Lipsius
               ,
               I
               impart
               that
               to
               you
               vvhich
               is
               lofty
               ,
               and
               knovvn
               but
               to
               some
               few
               .
               That
               these
               are
               vain
               and
               counterfeit
               Countryes
               ,
               if
               you
               consider
               the
               whole
               Man.
               That
               possibly
               for
               the
               Body
               there
               may
               be
               one
               found
               out
               here
               ,
               but
               not
               any
               for
               the
               Soul
               ,
               which
               descending
               
               from
               that
               celestial
               and
               upper
               Region
               hath
               the
               whole
               Earth
               as
               its
               Prison
               and
               place
               of
               restraint
               ;
               while
               Heaven
               is
               its
               true
               and
               proper
               Country
               .
               After
               which
               let
               us
               breath
               that
               with
               Anaxagoras
               vve
               may
               Cordially
               reply
               to
               the
               Sottish
               Multitude
               as
               oft
               as
               it
               shall
               ask
               ,
               hast
               thou
               no
               care
               of
               thy
               Country
               ?
               There
               is
               my
               Country
               pointing
               at
               once
               vvith
               our
               Fingers
               and
               Minds
               unto
               Heaven
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 third
                 Affection
                 which
                 is
                 Commiseration
                 rectifyed
                 to
                 indulge
                 it
                 over
                 much
                 ,
                 a
                 Vice.
                 Its
                 difference
                 from
                 Mercy
                 .
                 How
                 and
                 with
                 what
                 respects
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               Discourse
               of
               Langius
               vvithdrew
               (
               methought
               )
               a
               Cloud
               from
               my
               understanding
               ;
               and
               ,
               my
               Father
               (
               said
               I
               )
               you
               still
               better
               me
               both
               by
               your
               reproofs
               and
               instructions
               .
               So
               that
               (
               methinks
               )
               I
               am
               now
               able
               to
               keep
               under
               that
               Affection
               which
               respects
               the
               place
               and
               state
               in
               which
               ,
               but
               not
               as
               yet
               that
               which
               respects
               the
               Men
               themselves
               amongst
               whom
               I
               have
               been
               bred
               .
               For
               how
               is
               it
               possible
               that
               the
               losses
               of
               my
               Country
               should
               not
               touch
               and
               deeply
               affect
               me
               for
               my
               Country-mens
               and
               Companions
               sakes
               ,
               vvho
               are
               toss'd
               in
               the
               
               Ocean
               of
               these
               Calamities
               ,
               or
               perish
               by
               a
               different
               and
               unhappy
               Destiny
               .
               Langius
               interrupting
               me
               ;
               but
               this
               Lipsius
               said
               he
               is
               not
               properly
               Grief
               ,
               but
               Pitty
               ;
               which
               yet
               it self
               is
               to
               be
               despis'd
               ,
               by
               a
               wise
               and
               constant
               Person
               .
               For
               nothing
               is
               more
               suitable
               to
               such
               a
               one
               than
               firmness
               and
               strength
               of
               Mind
               ,
               which
               cannot
               be
               ,
               in
               case
               not
               only
               his
               own
               ,
               but
               also
               anothers
               Calamity
               shall
               overturn
               and
               discompose
               him
               .
               Here
               I
               interrupted
               him
               ,
               and
               vvhat
               Thornes
               of
               the
               Stoicks
               are
               these
               said
               I
               ?
               Do
               you
               forbid
               me
               to
               pitty
               too
               ?
               Yet
               this
               is
               look'd
               upon
               as
               a
               Virtue
               by
               all
               good
               Men
               ;
               at
               least
               amongst
               us
               vvho
               are
               season'd
               vvith
               the
               true
               Religion
               and
               Piety
               .
               Langius
               immediately
               ,
               but
               I
               said
               he
               do
               forbid
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               I
               shall
               remove
               this
               sickness
               from
               the
               Minds
               of
               Men
               ;
               there
               is
               no
               Man
               who
               is
               really
               good
               that
               vvill
               resent
               it
               amiss
               .
               For
               it
               is
               certainly
               a
               sickness
               ,
               nor
               is
               he
               far
               distant
               from
               misery
               ,
               whoever
               he
               is
               that
               pitties
               
               one
               who
               is
               miserable
               .
               As
               it
               is
               a
               signe
               of
               a
               vveak
               and
               bad
               Eye
               to
               grow
               Blood-shot
               at
               the
               sight
               of
               one
               that
               is
               so
               :
               So
               is
               it
               of
               a
               vveak
               Mind
               to
               grieve
               at
               the
               sight
               of
               one
               that
               grieves
               .
               Pitty
               is
               rightly
               defin'd
               ,
               THE
               VICE
               OF
               A
               SLENDER
               AND
               MEAN
               MIND
               FAINTING
               AT
               THE
               APPEARANCE
               OF
               ANOTHERS
               MISFORTUNE
               .
               What
               then
               ?
               Are
               vve
               so
               rigid
               and
               severe
               as
               not
               to
               suffer
               that
               any
               should
               be
               mov'd
               or
               affected
               vvith
               the
               grief
               of
               another
               ?
               Yes
               ,
               to
               be
               affected
               I
               approve
               ,
               but
               then
               it
               must
               be
               so
               as
               to
               assist
               ,
               not
               so
               as
               to
               lament
               .
               I
               am
               for
               Mercy
               ,
               but
               not
               for
               Pitty
               .
               For
               thus
               I
               am
               willing
               to
               distinguish
               at
               this
               time
               ,
               and
               a
               while
               to
               recede
               from
               our
               Porch
               the
               better
               to
               instruct
               .
               I
               call
               Mercy
               AN
               INCLINATION
               OF
               THE
               MIND
               TO
               LIGHTEN
               THE
               POVERTY
               OR
               ANGUISH
               OF
               ANOTHER
               .
               This
               is
               that
               Virtue
               Lipsius
               vvhich
               you
               discover
               as
               it
               
               vvere
               through
               a
               mist
               ,
               and
               in
               vvhich
               Pitty
               creeps
               to
               ,
               and
               imposes
               upon
               you
               .
               But
               you
               vvill
               say
               it
               is
               Humanity
               to
               be
               affected
               vvith
               Pitty
               and
               compassion
               :
               Be
               it
               so
               ;
               yet
               is
               it
               not
               therefore
               right
               .
               Suppose
               you
               that
               there
               is
               any
               Virtue
               in
               the
               Effeminacy
               and
               stoopage
               of
               the
               Mind
               ?
               In
               Sighs
               ,
               or
               Sobbs
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               mingling
               of
               broken
               and
               disjoynted
               vvords
               with
               a
               Mourner
               ?
               You
               are
               mistaken
               .
               If
               you
               think
               not
               ,
               I
               can
               produce
               a
               sort
               of
               covetous
               old
               Women
               and
               some
               fordid
               Euclio's
               from
               whose
               Eyes
               it
               is
               much
               more
               easie
               to
               extract
               a
               thousand
               Tears
               ,
               than
               one
               single
               Penny
               from
               their
               Purses
               .
               But
               now
               that
               truly
               mercifull
               Man
               (
               of
               vvhom
               I
               have
               been
               speaking
               )
               he
               vvill
               not
               indeed
               be
               pittiful
               ;
               but
               yet
               he
               vvill
               performe
               the
               same
               ,
               or
               better
               Offices
               ,
               than
               he
               that
               is
               so
               .
               He
               will
               behold
               other
               mens
               Evils
               with
               a
               humane
               ,
               but
               yet
               with
               a
               right
               Eye
               .
               He
               will
               discourse
               with
               the
               Sufferers
               ,
               with
               a
               serious
               ,
               but
               not
               
               vvith
               a
               mournfull
               or
               dejected
               Countenance
               .
               he
               vvill
               comfort
               couragiously
               ,
               he
               will
               assist
               liberally
               ,
               and
               vvill
               do
               more
               nobly
               ,
               than
               he
               vvill
               speak
               ,
               and
               vvill
               more
               readily
               lend
               his
               hand
               than
               vvords
               to
               a
               necessitous
               or
               fallen
               Man.
               And
               all
               these
               things
               he
               vvill
               performe
               vvith
               Caution
               and
               Circumspection
               ;
               lest
               as
               in
               some
               very
               mischievous
               Contagion
               ;
               the
               Disease
               of
               another
               should
               transferre
               it self
               to
               him
               :
               Or
               lest
               (
               as
               they
               say
               of
               Gladiatours
               )
               a
               vvound
               surprize
               him
               through
               anothers
               side
               .
               What
               is
               there
               here
               (
               I
               beseech
               you
               )
               of
               severe
               and
               rigid
               ?
               and
               such
               is
               the
               whole
               Body
               of
               Wisdom
               ,
               vvhich
               to
               them
               that
               look
               upon
               it
               at
               a
               distance
               ,
               seems
               to
               be
               sterne
               and
               lowring
               :
               But
               as
               many
               as
               make
               nearer
               approaches
               ,
               it
               is
               found
               to
               be
               so
               gentle
               and
               complaisant
               ,
               as
               that
               the
               Goddess
               of
               Love
               her self
               is
               not
               more
               amicable
               and
               obliging
               .
               But
               enough
               of
               these
               three
               Affections
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               have
               partly
               put
               to
               the
               foyle
               
               vvithin
               you
               ;
               it
               vvill
               prove
               of
               no
               inconsiderable
               advantage
               to
               me
               ,
               in
               the
               restof
               the
               Combate
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
            
             
               
                 These
                 Impediments
                 remov'd
                 ,
                 Publick
                 Evils
                 themselves
                 are
                 seriously
                 considered
                 .
                 Four
                 Arguments
                 propounded
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Of
                 Providence
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 interested
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 presides
                 over
                 all
                 humane
                 affairs
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Come
               now
               at
               length
               from
               our
               Velitation
               to
               a
               true
               and
               serious
               fight
               ,
               and
               laying
               aside
               these
               light
               and
               jocular
               Armes
               ,
               unto
               such
               vveapons
               as
               shall
               finally
               decide
               the
               matter
               .
               I
               shall
               lead
               up
               my
               Souldiers
               and
               Forces
               in
               Order
               ;
               and
               range
               them
               under
               their
               several
               Ensignes
               ,
               vvhich
               
               I
               also
               forme
               into
               Four
               Squadrons
               .
               The
               First
               ,
               shall
               evince
               that
               publick
               evils
               are
               sent
               unto
               ,
               and
               dispers'd
               amongst
               us
               by
               God
               himself
               .
               The
               Second
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               necessary
               ,
               and
               from
               Fate
               .
               The
               Third
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               advantageous
               to
               us
               .
               And
               the
               last
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               neither
               over-pressive
               nor
               new
               .
               Now
               if
               these
               Forces
               of
               mine
               shall
               ,
               from
               their
               several
               Posts
               ,
               dextrously
               charge
               and
               recharge
               ;
               shall
               all
               the
               powers
               of
               your
               Grief
               dare
               any
               further
               to
               resist
               ,
               or
               so
               much
               as
               to
               face
               me
               ?
               They
               dare
               not
               .
               I
               have
               conquer'd
               ,
               and
               with
               this
               Omen
               ,
               let
               the
               Signal
               be
               given
               .
               Whereas
               therefore
               Lipsius
               all
               those
               Affections
               vvhich
               do
               so
               variously
               rush
               upon
               ,
               and
               disturb
               the
               life
               of
               Man
               ,
               do
               spring
               from
               a
               distemper'd
               Mind
               :
               So
               also
               (
               in
               my
               Opinion
               )
               doth
               that
               Grief
               especially
               vvhich
               vve
               espouse
               upon
               the
               publick
               account
               .
               For
               vvhereas
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Affections
               have
               some
               end
               and
               scope
               as
               it
               were
               ;
               (
               as
               the
               Lover
               to
               
               enjoy
               ,
               the
               Angry
               to
               revenge
               ,
               the
               covetous
               to
               heap
               up
               ,
               and
               so
               in
               the
               rest
               )
               to
               this
               alone
               you
               shall
               find
               nothing
               proposed
               besides
               it self
               .
               But
               lest
               my
               discourse
               should
               be
               too
               loose
               and
               forward
               ;
               I
               shall
               curbe
               and
               restrain
               it
               vvithin
               this
               compass
               .
               You
               lament
               you
               say
               your
               falling
               Country
               .
               But
               to
               vvhat
               end
               I
               beseech
               ye
               ?
               For
               what
               hope
               you
               ,
               or
               vvhat
               do
               you
               expect
               thereby
               ?
               Is
               it
               that
               thou
               mayest
               repair
               it
               in
               its
               decayes
               ,
               and
               underprop
               it
               vvhere
               it
               yields
               ?
               Or
               is
               it
               that
               by
               grieving
               you
               may
               keep
               off
               that
               Plague
               and
               mischief
               under
               vvhich
               your
               Country
               labours
               ?
               None
               of
               all
               these
               :
               It
               is
               only
               that
               you
               may
               use
               that
               thredbare
               saying
               ,
               it
               troubles
               me
               ;
               as
               to
               any
               thing
               else
               this
               lamentation
               is
               but
               vain
               and
               unprofitable
               .
               For
               it
               concernes
               a
               thing
               past
               ;
               vvhich
               to
               recover
               again
               ,
               and
               to
               render
               undone
               ;
               the
               Gods
               themselves
               would
               not
               have
               it
               in
               their
               own
               power
               .
               But
               is
               your
               Grief
               only
               vain
               ?
               Yes
               ,
               possibly
               it
               is
               
               impious
               also
               ,
               if
               you
               shall
               rightly
               consider
               it
               .
               For
               (
               as
               you
               know
               )
               there
               is
               an
               eternal
               Mind
               vvhich
               vve
               call
               God
               ,
               vvhich
               Rules
               ,
               Orders
               and
               Governs
               the
               lasting
               Orbs
               of
               Heaven
               ;
               the
               different
               courses
               of
               the
               Stars
               ;
               the
               interchangeable
               variations
               of
               the
               Elements
               ;
               and
               (
               in
               a
               vvord
               )
               all
               things
               vvhatsoever
               ,
               as
               vvell
               above
               as
               below
               us
               .
               Suppose
               you
               that
               any
               Chance
               or
               Fortune
               bare
               rule
               in
               this
               beautifull
               Body
               of
               the
               World
               ?
               Or
               that
               humane
               affairs
               are
               hurried
               on
               ,
               and
               blended
               together
               by
               a
               rash
               and
               blind
               impetuosity
               ?
               I
               know
               you
               do
               not
               believe
               it
               ,
               nor
               doth
               any
               other
               ,
               vvho
               hath
               any
               thing
               (
               not
               to
               say
               )
               of
               Wisdom
               ,
               but
               Sobriety
               .
               For
               it
               is
               the
               Voice
               of
               Nature
               ,
               I
               say
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               vvheresoever
               you
               shall
               turne
               your
               Eye
               or
               Mind
               :
               Things
               Mortal
               and
               Immortal
               ,
               Superiour
               and
               Inferiour
               ,
               Animate
               or
               Inanimate
               ,
               they
               all
               speak
               out
               and
               proclaim
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               something
               above
               us
               ,
               vvhich
               hath
               created
               
               and
               made
               those
               so
               vvonderful
               ,
               so
               great
               ,
               and
               so
               numerous
               things
               ;
               and
               being
               so
               created
               and
               made
               ,
               doth
               also
               still
               continue
               to
               direct
               ,
               and
               preserve
               them
               .
               This
               now
               is
               God
               ,
               to
               whose
               superexcellent
               and
               most
               perfect
               Nature
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               more
               agreeable
               ,
               than
               that
               he
               should
               be
               at
               once
               both
               able
               and
               vvilling
               to
               undertake
               the
               Care
               and
               Guardianship
               of
               all
               that
               he
               hath
               made
               .
               And
               how
               shall
               he
               not
               be
               vvilling
               vvho
               is
               the
               BEST
               ?
               Or
               how
               should
               he
               not
               be
               able
               vvho
               is
               the
               GREATEST
               ?
               So
               farr
               are
               any
               forces
               from
               being
               superiour
               to
               his
               ,
               that
               all
               are
               Derivative
               from
               him
               .
               Nor
               doth
               this
               vastness
               or
               variety
               of
               things
               either
               molest
               ,
               or
               remove
               him
               from
               their
               inspection
               :
               For
               that
               eternal
               light
               doth
               every
               vvay
               emit
               its
               rayes
               ,
               and
               vvith
               one
               and
               the
               same
               dint
               (
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               doth
               pierce
               all
               the
               retirements
               and
               Abysles
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               Earth
               ,
               and
               Sea.
               Nor
               doth
               this
               Divinity
               only
               preside
               over
               all
               things
               ,
               
               but
               it
               abides
               vvith
               ;
               yea
               resides
               vvithin
               them
               .
               Why
               do
               ye
               vvonder
               at
               this
               ?
               What
               a
               part
               of
               the
               World
               doth
               this
               Sun
               at
               once
               Survey
               ,
               and
               inlighten
               ?
               What
               a
               Mass
               of
               things
               doth
               this
               Mind
               of
               ours
               vvith
               one
               thought
               embrace
               and
               compass
               ?
               And
               fooles
               that
               vve
               are
               do
               vve
               not
               believe
               that
               more
               things
               can
               be
               seen
               into
               ,
               and
               comprehended
               by
               him
               vvho
               hath
               created
               and
               made
               this
               very
               Sun
               ,
               and
               Mind
               ?
               
                 Excellently
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Divinely
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 who
                 hath
                 not
                 said
                 much
                 in
                 matters
                 Divine
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
              
               Aristotle
               ;
               
                 what
                 the
                 Pilot
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Ship
                 ;
                 the
                 Charioteer
                 in
                 the
                 Chariot
                 ;
                 the
                 chief
                 Chaunter
                 in
                 the
                 Quire
                 ;
                 the
                 Law
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 ;
                 or
                 a
                 General
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 :
                 Such
                 is
                 God
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 only
                 difference
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 them
                 indeed
                 their
                 Government
                 is
                 laborious
                 ,
                 toylsome
                 ,
                 and
                 perplexing
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 Gods
                 is
                 without
                 Grief
                 or
                 Labour
                 ,
                 and
                 severed
                 from
                 all
                 Bodily
                 pains-taking
                 .
              
               There
               is
               therefore
               in
               God
               ,
               Lipsius
               ,
               there
               vvas
               ,
               and
               shall
               be
               
               that
               very
               vvatchfull
               ,
               and
               active
               care
               (
               yet
               a
               care
               vvhich
               is
               secure
               )
               vvhereby
               he
               looks
               into
               ,
               visits
               ,
               and
               knowes
               all
               things
               ;
               and
               doth
               guide
               and
               govern
               them
               so
               known
               ,
               in
               an
               immoveable
               ,
               and
               (
               to
               us
               )
               incomprehensible
               Order
               .
               Now
               this
               is
               that
               vvhich
               I
               here
               call
               Providence
               ;
               of
               vvhich
               there
               are
               not
               a
               few
               ,
               vvho
               through
               vveakness
               may
               complain
               ,
               none
               that
               can
               doubt
               ,
               unless
               they
               are
               such
               as
               have
               stopp'd
               their
               Ears
               ,
               and
               hardned
               themselves
               against
               every
               voice
               ,
               and
               the
               very
               sense
               of
               Nature
               it self
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
            
             
               
                 Nothing
                 done
                 here
                 below
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 God.
                 Calamities
                 upon
                 People
                 and
                 Cities
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 therefore
                 piously
                 done
                 to
                 complain
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 lament
                 them
                 .
                 An
                 Exhortation
                 to
                 obey
                 God
                 ,
                 With
                 whom
                 it
                 is
                 vanity
                 and
                 rashness
                 to
                 contend
                 .
              
            
             
               WHich
               if
               you
               have
               throughly
               imbib'd
               ,
               if
               you
               do
               in
               good
               earnest
               and
               from
               your
               heart
               believe
               that
               this
               Governing
               Power
               doth
               thus
               insert
               and
               insinuate
               it self
               ,
               and
               (
               to
               speak
               vvith
               the
               Poet
               )
            
             
               —
               Doth
               when
               it
               please
            
             
               Pass
               through
               all
               Lands
               and
               Seas
               :
            
             
               I
               do
               not
               see
               vvhat
               further
               place
               there
               can
               be
               for
               your
               Grief
               or
               complaint
               .
               For
               that
               very
               provident
               Being
               
               vvhich
               daily
               moves
               and
               turnes
               about
               this
               Heaven
               ,
               vvhich
               leads
               forth
               and
               recalls
               the
               Sun
               ;
               vvhich
               discloses
               and
               shuts
               up
               all
               sorts
               of
               fruits
               :
               hath
               brought
               to
               the
               Birth
               all
               those
               changes
               and
               vicissitudes
               vvhich
               you
               do
               either
               repine
               ,
               or
               vvonder
               at
               .
               Do
               you
               think
               that
               only
               pleasant
               or
               profitable
               things
               are
               sent
               to
               us
               from
               Heaven
               ?
               Yes
               ,
               those
               also
               that
               are
               sad
               and
               distasteful
               are
               from
               thence
               :
               Nor
               is
               there
               any
               thing
               at
               all
               in
               this
               grand
               frame
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               vvhich
               is
               transacted
               ,
               discomposed
               or
               confounded
               (
               sin
               only
               excepted
               )
               vvhose
               cause
               and
               original
               proceeds
               not
               from
               that
               first
               cause
               :
               Pindar
               said
               vvell
               ,
            
             
               In
               Heaven
               they
               are
               that
               do
            
             
               Dispense
               to
               us
               below
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               a
               certain
               golden
               Chain
               let
               down
               from
               above
               (
               as
               Homer
               gives
               it
               us
               in
               a
               Fable
               )
               unto
               vvhich
               all
               these
               inferiour
               things
               
               are
               fastned
               .
               That
               there
               ,
               an
               opening
               of
               the
               Earth
               hath
               swallow'd
               up
               some
               Townes
               ;
               it
               is
               from
               Providence
               .
               That
               the
               Pestilence
               elsevvhere
               hath
               mowed
               down
               so
               many
               thousands
               of
               Men
               ;
               is
               from
               the
               same
               .
               And
               that
               Warre
               and
               Slaughter
               is
               amongst
               the
               Belgians
               ;
               is
               from
               the
               very
               same
               .
               It
               is
               from
               Heaven
               ,
               Heaven
               Lipsius
               ,
               that
               all
               these
               Calamities
               are
               sent
               ,
               and
               therefore
               they
               are
               aptly
               and
               vvisely
               styl'd
               by
               Euripides
            
             
               —
               Calamities
            
             
               Sent
               by
               the
               Dieties
               .
            
             
               Every
               Ebbe
               and
               Flow
               (
               I
               say
               )
               of
               humane
               affaires
               depends
               upon
               that
               Moon
               ;
               and
               the
               Rise
               and
               Sett
               of
               Kingdomes
               upon
               that
               Sun.
               As
               oft
               therefore
               as
               you
               give
               scope
               to
               your
               Grief
               ,
               and
               seem
               to
               resent
               it
               ,
               that
               your
               Country
               is
               thus
               harrass'd
               ,
               and
               overturn'd
               ;
               You
               do
               not
               so
               much
               as
               consider
               ,
               either
               vvho
               you
               are
               that
               
               repine
               ,
               or
               against
               vvhom
               your
               murmurs
               are
               directed
               .
               What
               are
               you
               ?
               A
               Man
               ,
               a
               shaddow
               ,
               Dust.
               And
               against
               vvhom
               do
               you
               murmur
               (
               I
               tremble
               to
               speak
               it
               )
               against
               God
               himself
               .
               It
               vvas
               the
               fiction
               of
               Antiquity
               ;
               that
               certain
               Giants
               did
               attempt
               to
               dethrone
               the
               Gods.
               To
               omit
               Fables
               ,
               you
               Complainants
               are
               those
               Giants
               .
               For
               if
               all
               these
               things
               are
               not
               only
               by
               the
               permission
               ,
               but
               also
               by
               the
               immission
               of
               Almighty
               God
               :
               You
               vvho
               fret
               and
               resist
               ,
               vvhat
               do
               you
               but
               (
               as
               much
               as
               in
               you
               lyes
               )
               seise
               his
               scepter
               ,
               and
               intrench
               upon
               the
               prerogative
               of
               his
               Empire
               ?
               Blind
               Mortality
               !
               The
               Sun
               ,
               Moon
               ,
               Starrs
               ,
               Elements
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               successive
               Orders
               of
               Creatures
               ,
               do
               vvillingly
               obey
               ,
               and
               submit
               themselves
               to
               this
               Supream
               Law
               ;
               only
               the
               Noblest
               piece
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               Man
               lifts
               up
               his
               heel
               against
               ,
               and
               replyes
               upon
               his
               Creator
               .
               Had
               you
               hoisted
               Sailes
               into
               the
               jurisdiction
               of
               the
               Winds
               ,
               you
               
               must
               then
               go
               not
               vvhither
               you
               vvould
               but
               vvhither
               they
               list
               .
               And
               shall
               you
               in
               the
               Ocean
               of
               this
               life
               refuse
               to
               follow
               the
               conduct
               of
               that
               Spirit
               by
               vvhom
               the
               vvhole
               Universe
               is
               swayed
               ?
               In
               vain
               notwithstanding
               is
               this
               refusal
               ,
               for
               either
               you
               shall
               vvillingly
               follow
               ,
               or
               be
               forc'd
               along
               ;
               and
               those
               Heavenly
               decrees
               shall
               preserve
               their
               Efficacy
               ,
               and
               Order
               ,
               vvhether
               you
               shall
               comply
               or
               rebel
               .
               We
               should
               smile
               at
               that
               Man
               vvho
               having
               ty'd
               his
               Boat
               to
               some
               Rock
               ,
               and
               pulling
               at
               the
               Cord
               ,
               should
               rather
               think
               he
               pulls
               the
               Rock
               to
               him
               than
               that
               his
               boat
               moves
               to
               it
               .
               And
               is
               not
               our
               Folly
               every
               vvay
               as
               remarkable
               ,
               vvho
               being
               chain'd
               to
               that
               Rock
               of
               Eternal
               Providence
               ,
               do
               yet
               by
               our
               struggling
               and
               resistance
               seem
               to
               desire
               that
               it
               should
               obey
               us
               ,
               rather
               than
               vve
               it
               ?
               Let
               us
               free
               our selves
               at
               the
               last
               from
               these
               Vanities
               ;
               and
               (
               if
               vve
               are
               vvise
               )
               let
               us
               follow
               that
               Power
               vvhich
               attracts
               us
               from
               above
               ,
               and
               think
               it
               nothing
               but
               
               equal
               that
               vvhatsoever
               is
               pleasing
               to
               God
               ,
               should
               (
               for
               that
               very
               reason
               )
               be
               so
               also
               to
               Man.
               The
               Souldier
               in
               the
               Camp
               upon
               Notice
               of
               a
               March
               ,
               gets
               on
               his
               knap-sack
               ;
               but
               if
               it
               sound
               to
               Armes
               ,
               he
               layes
               it
               aside
               ,
               as
               one
               vvho
               vvith
               his
               Mind
               ,
               and
               Eyes
               ,
               and
               Ears
               ,
               is
               intent
               upon
               ,
               and
               prepared
               for
               any
               command
               .
               Let
               it
               be
               thus
               vvith
               us
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               Warfare
               of
               ours
               ,
               let
               us
               chearfully
               and
               resolvedly
               March
               after
               our
               General
               ,
               vvhich
               vvay
               soever
               he
               shall
               command
               us
               .
               
                 VVe
                 are
                 sworn
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 saith
              
               Seneca
               ,
               
                 to
                 endure
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 Mortality
                 is
                 liable
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 disturbed
                 in
                 case
                 some
                 things
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 our
                 power
                 to
                 prevent
                 .
                 VVe
                 are
                 born
                 in
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 obey
                 God
                 is
                 Liberty
                 it self
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Argument
                 for
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 drawn
                 from
                 Necessity
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 force
                 and
                 Efficacy
                 .
                 Necessity
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 two
                 Grounds
                 ;
                 and
                 first
                 from
                 the
                 things
                 themselves
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               Lipsius
               is
               a
               firme
               and
               vvell
               temper'd
               Shield
               ,
               against
               all
               external
               Evils
               .
               These
               are
               those
               golden
               Armes
               vvith
               vvhich
               being
               cover'd
               ,
               Plato
               vvould
               have
               us
               to
               fight
               against
               Chance
               and
               Fortune
               ,
               to
               be
               subject
               to
               God
               ,
               to
               think
               upon
               him
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               kind
               of
               Events
               ,
               to
               bend
               this
               Mind
               of
               ours
               ,
               unto
               that
               great
               Mind
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               I
               mean
               Providence
               ,
               whose
               pious
               and
               fortunate
               forces
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               I
               have
               already
               made
               sufficient
               proof
               of
               ;
               I
               shall
               now
               draw
               forth
               and
               lead
               up
               another
               Squadron
               ,
               vvhich
               marches
               under
               the
               Standard
               of
               necessity
               .
               
               A
               valiant
               ,
               stout
               ,
               and
               Steel
               temper'd
               Squadron
               it
               is
               ;
               and
               such
               as
               I
               may
               not
               unfitly
               compare
               to
               that
               Legion
               vvhich
               the
               Romans
               call'd
               Fulminatrix
               :
               The
               stubborn
               and
               unbroken
               force
               of
               it
               is
               such
               ,
               as
               doth
               conquer
               and
               subdue
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               I
               shall
               vvonder
               Lipsius
               if
               you
               should
               be
               able
               to
               resist
               it
               .
               Thales
               vvhen
               one
               ask'd
               him
               vvhat
               vvas
               the
               strongest
               ,
               answered
               rightly
               ,
               necessity
               ;
               for
               that
               Conquers
               all
               things
               .
               There
               is
               an
               old
               saying
               too
               ,
               about
               the
               same
               thing
               ;
               although
               not
               so
               advised
               ,
               that
               the
               Gods
               themselves
               cannot
               force
               necessity
               .
               This
               necessity
               I
               annex
               to
               Providence
               ,
               because
               of
               its
               near
               relation
               to
               it
               ;
               or
               to
               speak
               truly
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               born
               of
               it
               .
               For
               this
               necessity
               is
               from
               God
               ,
               and
               his
               decrees
               ;
               nor
               is
               it
               any
               other
               thing
               than
               as
               the
               Greek
               Philosopher
               hath
               defin'd
               it
               :
               A
               FIR
               ME
               SANCTION
               AND
               IMMUTABLE
               POWER
               OF
               PROVIDENCE
               .
               Now
               that
               it
               doth
               intervveave
               and
               
               twist
               it self
               vvith
               publick
               Evils
               ;
               I
               shall
               evince
               two
               vvayes
               ,
               from
               things
               themselves
               ;
               and
               from
               Fate
               .
               From
               things
               themselves
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               the
               Nature
               of
               all
               created
               beings
               ,
               to
               hasten
               unto
               their
               change
               and
               fall
               ,
               from
               a
               certain
               inward
               proneness
               ,
               vvhich
               they
               have
               thereunto
               .
               As
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               fretting
               rust
               ,
               vvhich
               doth
               naturally
               cleave
               to
               Iron
               ,
               and
               a
               consuming
               scurffe
               or
               Worme
               that
               followes
               Wood
               :
               In
               like
               manner
               both
               Creatures
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               and
               Kingdomes
               ,
               have
               their
               internal
               and
               proper
               causes
               vvhereby
               they
               perish
               .
               Look
               upon
               things
               above
               or
               below
               ,
               great
               or
               small
               ,
               the
               vvorkes
               of
               the
               Hand
               or
               Mind
               ;
               they
               have
               perished
               from
               the
               first
               Ages
               ;
               and
               shall
               persist
               so
               to
               do
               unto
               the
               last
               .
               And
               as
               all
               Rivers
               journey
               towards
               the
               Ocean
               vvith
               a
               prone
               and
               hasty
               current
               :
               So
               all
               humane
               things
               slide
               along
               by
               this
               Channel
               (
               as
               I
               may
               call
               it
               )
               of
               miseries
               ,
               unto
               their
               utmost
               periods
               .
               
               That
               Period
               is
               Death
               and
               destruction
               ;
               and
               thereunto
               Pestilence
               ,
               vvarr
               ,
               and
               Slaughter
               are
               as
               subservient
               instruments
               :
               So
               that
               if
               Death
               is
               necessary
               to
               these
               things
               ,
               upon
               the
               same
               Ground
               are
               Calamities
               also
               .
               That
               this
               may
               appear
               to
               you
               the
               more
               evidently
               by
               Examples
               :
               I
               shall
               not
               refuse
               for
               a
               vvhile
               to
               enlarge
               my
               thoughts
               and
               travel
               vvith
               you
               through
               this
               great
               universe
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVI
               .
            
             
               
                 Instances
                 of
                 Necessary
                 Mutation
                 and
                 Death
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 VVorld
                 .
                 The
                 Heavens
                 and
                 Elements
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 pass
                 away
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 discernable
                 in
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 Kingdomes
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 here
                 are
                 wheel'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 is
                 stable
                 or
                 firme
                 .
              
            
             
               THere
               is
               an
               eternal
               Law
               vvhich
               from
               the
               beginning
               hath
               equally
               passed
               upon
               every
               thing
               in
               this
               vvorld
               ,
               that
               it
               shall
               be
               Born
               and
               Dye
               ;
               Rise
               and
               Set.
               Nor
               vvould
               the
               great
               Moderatour
               of
               things
               ,
               have
               any
               thing
               firm
               and
               stable
               besides
               himself
               .
            
             
               From
               Age
               and
               Death
               only
               the
               Cods
               are
               free
               ,
            
             
               The
               rest
               of
               things
               under
               Times
               sickle
               be
               .
            
             
             
               Cryes
               out
               the
               Tragical
               Poet.
               All
               those
               things
               ,
               vvhich
               you
               behold
               and
               vvonder
               at
               ,
               do
               either
               perish
               in
               their
               courses
               ;
               or
               are
               certainly
               changed
               .
               Do
               you
               see
               that
               Sun
               ?
               He
               is
               sometimes
               ecclipsed
               :
               The
               Moon
               ?
               She
               suffers
               in
               the
               like
               kind
               ,
               and
               has
               her
               vvaines
               .
               The
               Starrs
               ?
               They
               shoot
               and
               fall
               ;
               and
               howsoever
               the
               vvit
               of
               Man
               may
               seek
               to
               palliate
               and
               excuse
               the
               matter
               ;
               Yet
               there
               have
               and
               vvill
               be
               such
               accidents
               amongst
               those
               celestial
               Bodies
               ;
               as
               may
               pose
               the
               skill
               ,
               and
               stagger
               the
               Minds
               of
               the
               ablest
               Mathematician
               .
               I
               omit
               to
               speak
               of
               Commets
               of
               various
               Form
               ,
               and
               different
               Scituation
               and
               Motion
               ;
               concerning
               vvhich
               ,
               that
               they
               all
               have
               their
               Birth
               from
               ,
               and
               Motion
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               is
               a
               thing
               vvhich
               Philosophy
               it self
               cannot
               easily
               perswade
               me
               to
               believe
               .
               But
               behold
               (
               of
               late
               )
               there
               are
               certain
               new
               kinds
               of
               Motion
               and
               Starrs
               found
               out
               ,
               vvhich
               have
               cut
               out
               vvork
               for
               the
               Astrologers
               .
               There
               arose
               
               a
               Starr
               in
               this
               very
               year
               ,
               vvhose
               increment
               and
               decreases
               vvere
               throughly
               observ'd
               ;
               and
               we
               then
               saw
               (
               vvhat
               will
               scarcely
               be
               believ'd
               )
               that
               in
               Heaven
               it self
               ,
               there
               may
               be
               something
               Born
               and
               Dye
               .
               Behold
               even
               Varro
               in
               St.
               Augustine
               cryes
               out
               and
               asserts
               ,
               that
               the
               Planet
               Venus
               vvhich
               Plautus
               calls
               Vesperugo
               and
               Homer
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               hath
               chang'd
               its
               colour
               ,
               magnitude
               ,
               figure
               ,
               and
               motion
               .
               Next
               to
               the
               Heavens
               look
               upon
               the
               Air
               ,
               it
               is
               daily
               changed
               ,
               and
               passes
               into
               vvinds
               ,
               Clouds
               ,
               or
               showres
               .
               Look
               to
               the
               vvaters
               ,
               and
               those
               Rivers
               and
               springs
               vvhich
               vve
               call
               everlasting
               :
               Some
               are
               lost
               ,
               and
               others
               have
               altered
               their
               course
               ,
               and
               found
               out
               new
               Channels
               .
               The
               Ocean
               it self
               that
               great
               and
               abstruse
               part
               of
               Nature
               ,
               is
               sometimes
               swell'd
               vvith
               stormes
               ,
               and
               at
               others
               smooth'd
               vvith
               calmes
               ,
               and
               though
               those
               stormes
               vvere
               not
               ,
               yet
               it
               hath
               its
               own
               Ebbs
               and
               Flowes
               ;
               and
               to
               convince
               us
               that
               it
               may
               totally
               
               perish
               ;
               It
               doth
               daily
               increase
               or
               decrease
               in
               its
               parts
               .
               Look
               now
               upon
               the
               Earth
               vvhich
               alone
               some
               vvould
               have
               immoveable
               ;
               and
               to
               stand
               by
               its
               own
               strength
               :
               Behold
               there
               it
               totters
               ,
               and
               is
               shaken
               into
               a
               palsy
               fit
               ,
               by
               the
               struggling
               of
               those
               vapours
               that
               are
               pent
               up
               in
               the
               Bowels
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               it
               is
               corrupted
               by
               Waters
               or
               Fires
               .
               For
               even
               these
               are
               at
               contest
               vvith
               one
               another
               ;
               and
               that
               you
               may
               not
               resent
               it
               over
               deeply
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               vvarrs
               amongst
               Men
               :
               The
               very
               Elements
               have
               theirs
               also
               .
               How
               many
               Countryes
               ,
               hath
               a
               sudden
               Deluge
               ,
               or
               inundation
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               either
               lessen'd
               ,
               or
               intirely
               swallowed
               up
               .
               Of
               old
               that
               great
               Island
               Atlantis
               (
               for
               I
               think
               it
               no
               Fable
               )
               afterwards
               Helice
               and
               Bura
               :
               And
               (
               that
               vve
               may
               not
               have
               recourse
               only
               to
               ancient
               and
               remote
               times
               )
               amongst
               us
               Belgians
               (
               in
               the
               Memory
               of
               our
               Fathers
               )
               two
               Islands
               ;
               together
               vvith
               their
               Townes
               ,
               
               and
               inhabitants
               .
               Even
               at
               this
               very
               day
               that
               blew
               Deity
               ,
               is
               forcing
               open
               to
               it self
               new
               creeks
               ;
               and
               daily
               frets
               and
               vveares
               away
               the
               unfaithfull
               shores
               of
               the
               Frisians
               and
               Hollanders
               .
               Nor
               doth
               the
               Earth
               her self
               alvvayes
               give
               vvay
               by
               a
               Womannish
               sloth
               ;
               but
               doth
               sometimes
               vindicate
               its
               losses
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               Sea
               frames
               Islands
               for
               its
               self
               ;
               to
               the
               vvonder
               and
               displeasure
               of
               that
               hoary
               god
               .
               Now
               if
               those
               great
               (
               and
               in
               our
               imagination
               eternal
               )
               Bodies
               ,
               are
               destined
               to
               their
               destruction
               and
               change
               ;
               vvhat
               shall
               vve
               think
               of
               Cities
               ,
               Common-wealths
               ,
               and
               Kingdomes
               ;
               which
               must
               needs
               be
               as
               mortal
               as
               the
               founders
               of
               them
               ?
               As
               particular
               persons
               have
               their
               Youth
               ,
               Maturity
               ,
               Old-Age
               ,
               and
               Death
               :
               So
               these
               ,
               they
               rise
               ,
               grow
               ,
               stand
               ,
               flourish
               ;
               and
               all
               these
               to
               that
               very
               purpose
               that
               they
               may
               fall
               .
               In
               the
               reign
               of
               Tiberius
               one
               single
               Earth-quake
               overthrew
               twelve
               
               famous
               Cities
               of
               Asia
               ,
               and
               another
               did
               the
               like
               to
               as
               many
               Townes
               in
               Campania
               ,
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               Constantine
               ;
               and
               one
               vvarre
               of
               Attila
               more
               than
               an
               hundred
               .
               Fame
               scarce
               retains
               the
               ancient
               Thebes
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               vve
               scarce
               believe
               the
               hundred
               Cities
               of
               Creet
               .
               But
               let
               us
               come
               to
               more
               receiv'd
               instances
               .
               The
               ancients
               have
               seen
               and
               vvondered
               at
               the
               Ruines
               of
               
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 Numantia
              
               and
               Corinth
               ,
               As
               vve
               do
               at
               the
               ignoble
               ,
               inglorious
               rubbish
               of
               
                 Athens
                 ,
                 Sparta
              
               ,
               and
               those
               other
               once
               renovvned
               Cities
               .
               That
               Lady
               of
               Sovereignty
               ,
               and
               Queen
               of
               Nations
               falsely
               Styled
               the
               Eternal
               City
               ,
               vvhere
               is
               it
               ?
               Overturned
               ,
               Rased
               ,
               Burnt
               ,
               overwhelmed
               :
               She
               has
               undergone
               more
               than
               a
               single
               Fate
               ,
               and
               is
               at
               this
               Day
               curiously
               sought
               for
               ,
               but
               not
               to
               be
               found
               vvhere
               she
               formerly
               stood
               .
               You
               see
               that
               Constantinople
               proud
               of
               its
               being
               the
               Seat
               
               of
               a
               double
               Empire
               :
               And
               Venice
               that
               glories
               in
               its
               continuance
               for
               a
               thousand
               years
               ?
               Their
               Fate
               attends
               them
               .
               And
               thou
               also
               our
               Antwerpe
               the
               Eye
               of
               Cities
               ,
               there
               vvill
               come
               a
               time
               when
               thou
               shalt
               be
               no
               more
               .
               For
               that
               great
               Architect
               pulls
               down
               and
               sets
               up
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               vve
               may
               say
               it
               )
               doth
               even
               sport
               himself
               in
               the
               affairs
               of
               this
               World
               :
               And
               as
               a
               Potter
               at
               his
               pleasure
               ,
               doth
               mold
               and
               unmake
               divers
               forms
               and
               representations
               out
               of
               this
               Clay
               .
               I
               have
               hitherto
               discours'd
               only
               of
               Townes
               and
               Cities
               ;
               but
               even
               Kingdomes
               also
               and
               Provinces
               are
               dragg'd
               unto
               the
               same
               destiny
               .
               In
               old
               time
               the
               East
               flourish'd
               ;
               
                 Assyria
                 ,
                 Egypt
              
               ,
               and
               Iudea
               vvere
               famous
               for
               Arts
               and
               Armes
               ;
               that
               happiness
               of
               theirs
               hath
               pass'd
               over
               into
               Europe
               ,
               and
               even
               she
               methinks
               (
               as
               Bodies
               upon
               the
               approach
               of
               a
               Disease
               )
               trembles
               and
               seems
               to
               have
               some
               sore
               apprehensions
               of
               her
               great
               fall
               .
               That
               vvhich
               vve
               may
               more
               (
               though
               
               never
               sufficiently
               )
               vvonder
               at
               ;
               this
               World
               vvhich
               hath
               been
               inhabited
               this
               Five
               thousand
               and
               Five
               hundred
               years
               ,
               doth
               now
               grow
               old
               ,
               and
               that
               vve
               may
               again
               applaud
               ,
               the
               old
               exploded
               Fable
               of
               Anaxarchus
               ;
               there
               arise
               now
               elsewhere
               ,
               and
               are
               born
               new
               Men
               ,
               and
               a
               new
               World.
               O
               the
               vvonderful
               and
               incomprehensible
               Law
               of
               Necessity
               !
               All
               things
               turn
               about
               in
               this
               Fatal
               Circle
               of
               begining
               and
               ending
               :
               and
               there
               may
               be
               something
               in
               this
               vvhole
               frame
               that
               is
               long
               liv'd
               ;
               but
               nothing
               that
               is
               Eternal
               .
               Lift
               up
               your
               Eyes
               ;
               and
               look
               round
               vvith
               me
               (
               for
               I
               am
               not
               vvilling
               as
               yet
               to
               desist
               )
               and
               contemplate
               the
               alternate
               courses
               of
               humane
               affaires
               ;
               not
               unlike
               the
               Ebbings
               and
               Flowings
               of
               the
               Sea.
               Thou
               shalt
               arise
               ;
               and
               thou
               fall
               :
               thou
               shalt
               command
               ,
               and
               thou
               serve
               ;
               be
               thou
               obscure
               and
               thou
               glorious
               ;
               and
               let
               this
               round
               of
               things
               hastening
               into
               themselves
               ,
               vvhirle
               about
               ,
               
               as
               long
               as
               the
               World
               it self
               shall
               endure
               .
               Were
               you
               Germans
               Savage
               of
               old
               ;
               be
               ye
               now
               civil
               beyond
               most
               of
               the
               Nations
               in
               Europe
               ;
               vvere
               you
               Brittons
               rude
               and
               poor
               ?
               Do
               ye
               now
               emulate
               the
               Egyptians
               and
               Sybarites
               in
               riches
               and
               luxury
               .
               Did
               Greece
               heretofore
               flourish
               ?
               Let
               her
               now
               lye
               vvast
               .
               Did
               Italy
               sway
               the
               Scepter
               ?
               She
               shall
               now
               obey
               .
               You
               Goths
               ,
               you
               Vandalls
               ,
               you
               refuse
               of
               the
               Barbarians
               ;
               forsake
               your
               Dens
               ,
               and
               in
               your
               successive
               courses
               command
               the
               Nations
               .
               Come
               hither
               also
               you
               pelted
               Scythians
               ,
               and
               for
               a
               vvhile
               ,
               vvith
               a
               strong
               hand
               ,
               rule
               both
               Asia
               and
               Europe
               :
               But
               do
               you
               your selves
               after
               a
               vvhile
               depart
               ,
               and
               resigne
               the
               Scepter
               to
               the
               Nation
               bounded
               by
               the
               Ocean
               .
               For
               is
               it
               my
               Fancy
               only
               ?
               Or
               do
               I
               indeed
               desery
               I
               know
               not
               vvhat
               Sun
               of
               a
               new
               Empire
               arising
               from
               the
               West
               ?
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Necessity
                 that
                 is
                 from
                 Fate
                 .
                 Fate
                 asserted
                 ,
                 the
                 universal
                 assent
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 though
                 some
                 difference
                 about
                 its
                 parts
                 .
                 How
                 the
                 ancients
                 distinguished
                 of
                 Fate
                 .
              
            
             
               LAngius
               had
               finished
               ;
               and
               this
               discourse
               of
               his
               had
               almost
               drawn
               Tears
               from
               my
               Eyes
               ,
               so
               clearly
               did
               it
               seem
               to
               represent
               those
               Mockeries
               that
               are
               in
               humane
               affairs
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               I
               cryed
               out
               ;
               Alass
               !
               VVhat
               are
               even
               vve
               our selves
               ;
               or
               vvhat
               are
               all
               these
               things
               vve
               sweat
               so
               much
               in
               the
               pursuit
               of
               ?
            
             
               What
               's
               he
               that
               ha's
               a
               brighter
               Fame
               ?
            
             
               Or
               he
               that
               's
               of
               Obscurer
               name
               ?
            
             
               Man
               when
               summ'd
               at
               highest
               ,
               he
            
             
               Is
               but
               as
               dreams
               of
               Shaddows
               be
               ?
            
             
             
               As
               the
               Lyrick
               Poet
               said
               truly
               of
               old
               .
               Langius
               replyes
               ;
               Young
               Man
               ;
               Look
               then
               upon
               these
               things
               not
               as
               above
               ,
               but
               beneath
               you
               ;
               and
               labour
               to
               establish
               Constancy
               in
               your
               Mind
               ,
               by
               reflecting
               upon
               the
               inconstant
               and
               unsteady
               levity
               of
               all
               things
               .
               Inconstant
               (
               I
               say
               )
               as
               to
               our
               sense
               and
               apprehension
               of
               them
               :
               but
               if
               vve
               respect
               God
               and
               his
               Providence
               ,
               than
               all
               things
               succeed
               in
               an
               admirable
               and
               immoveable
               order
               .
               For
               now
               laying
               swords
               aside
               ,
               I
               come
               to
               my
               Ensignes
               ,
               and
               shall
               assault
               that
               Grief
               of
               yours
               ,
               not
               with
               Arrowes
               ,
               but
               more
               formidable
               inventions
               .
               I
               shall
               inforce
               against
               it
               the
               Ramme
               of
               Fate
               ,
               an
               Ensigne
               of
               that
               strength
               and
               firmness
               ;
               as
               no
               humane
               power
               or
               policy
               shall
               be
               ever
               able
               either
               to
               elude
               or
               resist
               .
               And
               howsoever
               the
               Ground
               is
               slippery
               enough
               to
               endanger
               a
               fall
               :
               Yet
               I
               shall
               adventure
               upon
               it
               ,
               though
               vvith
               a
               cautious
               slowness
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               Greeks
               say
               vvith
               a
               modest
               foot
               .
               In
               the
               First
               
               place
               therefore
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               a
               Fate
               in
               things
               ,
               neither
               you
               Lipsius
               ,
               nor
               (
               as
               I
               conceive
               )
               any
               Nation
               or
               Age
               did
               ever
               doubt
               .
               Here
               I
               interpos'd
               ;
               pardon
               me
               (
               said
               I
               )
               if
               as
               a
               Remora
               I
               stop
               you
               in
               this
               course
               .
               Do
               your
               oppose
               me
               vvith
               Fate
               ?
               Weak
               is
               this
               Ramme
               ,
               Langius
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               is
               directed
               by
               the
               enervate
               and
               languid
               forces
               of
               the
               Stoicks
               .
               I
               speak
               freely
               ,
               I
               despise
               at
               once
               ,
               both
               it
               and
               the
               destinies
               :
               and
               vvith
               the
               Souldier
               in
               Plautus
               ,
               I
               can
               blow
               away
               this
               feeble
               troop
               vvith
               a
               single
               breath
               ,
               as
               vvinds
               do
               leaves
               from
               the
               Trees
               .
               Langius
               vvith
               a
               severe
               and
               threatning
               Eye
               ;
               Rash
               and
               inconsiderate
               Young
               Man
               (
               said
               he
               )
               do
               you
               imagine
               you
               can
               elude
               or
               take
               away
               Fate
               ?
               You
               cannot
               ,
               unless
               together
               with
               it
               ,
               you
               deny
               the
               very
               Power
               and
               Being
               of
               a
               Deity
               :
               For
               if
               God
               is
               ,
               Providence
               is
               ;
               if
               Providence
               ,
               than
               a
               decreed
               order
               of
               things
               ;
               and
               if
               so
               than
               a
               firme
               and
               establish'd
               Necessity
               of
               events
               ;
               
               How
               do
               you
               vvard
               this
               blow
               ?
               Or
               vvith
               vvhat
               Ax
               do
               you
               sever
               the
               Links
               of
               this
               Chain
               ?
               For
               vve
               cannot
               otherwise
               conceive
               of
               God
               that
               eternal
               Mind
               ;
               than
               that
               there
               should
               be
               in
               him
               an
               eternal
               knowledge
               and
               prevision
               of
               things
               :
               vvhom
               vve
               believe
               to
               be
               fix'd
               ,
               firme
               ,
               and
               immutable
               ,
               alwaies
               one
               and
               the
               same
               ;
               not
               at
               all
               varying
               ,
               or
               altering
               in
               those
               things
               ,
               vvhich
               he
               hath
               once
               willed
               ,
               and
               beheld
               .
               
                 
                   The
                   Eternal
                   Gods
                   are
                   not
                   inclin'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   variations
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                
              
               vvhich
               if
               you
               acknowledge
               to
               be
               true
               (
               as
               of
               necessity
               you
               must
               ,
               unless
               you
               have
               divested
               your self
               of
               all
               Reason
               and
               Sense
               )
               you
               vvill
               then
               also
               acknowledge
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               decrees
               of
               God
               are
               firme
               and
               immoveable
               from
               Eternity
               to
               Eternity
               .
               Now
               from
               thence
               doth
               Necessity
               derive
               it self
               together
               vvith
               that
               Fate
               vvhich
               
               you
               so
               despise
               .
               The
               truth
               of
               vvhich
               is
               so
               very
               obvious
               and
               clear
               ;
               that
               amongst
               all
               sorts
               of
               Men
               ,
               there
               is
               not
               a
               more
               ancient
               or
               receiv'd
               Opinion
               .
               And
               look
               to
               how
               many
               the
               light
               of
               a
               Deity
               ,
               and
               Providence
               hath
               shin'd
               to
               vvell
               nigh
               as
               many
               hath
               this
               of
               Fate
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               those
               very
               same
               privative
               Fires
               vvhich
               discovered
               the
               knowledge
               of
               a
               God
               to
               Men
               ;
               seem
               also
               to
               have
               guided
               Man
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               this
               other
               .
               Consult
               Homer
               that
               first
               and
               vvisest
               of
               all
               Poets
               .
               There
               is
               not
               any
               one
               path
               vvherein
               that
               Divine
               Muse
               hath
               so
               frequently
               pass'd
               and
               repass'd
               ,
               as
               this
               of
               Fatality
               :
               Nor
               hath
               the
               vvhole
               Race
               of
               the
               Poets
               dissented
               from
               their
               Ancestour
               .
               Look
               upon
               
                 Euripides
                 ,
                 Sophocles
                 ,
                 Pindar
              
               ,
               and
               our
               Virgil
               .
               Look
               upon
               Historians
               ;
               their
               common
               Language
               is
               ,
               such
               a
               thing
               fell
               out
               by
               Fate
               ,
               and
               Kingdomes
               owe
               their
               Ruine
               ,
               and
               establishment
               to
               Fate
               .
               Look
               upon
               Philosophers
               ,
               
               vvhose
               charge
               it
               vvas
               to
               ransome
               and
               defend
               Truth
               against
               the
               encroachments
               of
               the
               vulgar
               :
               Howsoever
               these
               have
               in
               most
               other
               things
               dissented
               from
               one
               another
               ;
               (
               transported
               thereunto
               ,
               by
               an
               over
               eager
               itch
               after
               contention
               and
               dispute
               )
               yet
               't
               is
               maryellous
               to
               observe
               ,
               vvhat
               a
               Universal
               accord
               ,
               there
               is
               amongst
               them
               as
               to
               the
               beginning
               of
               this
               vvay
               vvhich
               leads
               to
               Fate
               .
               I
               say
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               vvay
               :
               For
               I
               am
               not
               about
               to
               deny
               ,
               but
               that
               soon
               after
               it
               vvas
               trod
               out
               into
               divers
               paths
               .
               All
               vvhich
               notvvithstanding
               seem
               to
               be
               reducible
               to
               these
               four
               ,
               Mathematical
               ,
               Natural
               ,
               Violent
               and
               true
               Fate
               .
               Each
               of
               these
               I
               shall
               briefly
               explain
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               set
               a
               foot
               in
               each
               :
               Forasmuch
               ,
               as
               commonly
               much
               of
               confusion
               ,
               and
               errour
               doth
               arise
               from
               hence
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVIII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 three
                 First
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fate
                 briefly
                 explained
                 .
                 The
                 description
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Stoicks
                 in
                 part
                 excused
                 .
              
            
             
               MAthematical
               Fate
               I
               call
               that
               ,
               vvhich
               chaines
               and
               fastens
               all
               Actions
               and
               Events
               vvhatsoever
               ,
               unto
               the
               influences
               of
               the
               Starrs
               ,
               and
               the
               Positions
               of
               Heaven
               .
               Of
               vvhich
               the
               Chaldeans
               and
               Astrologers
               vvere
               the
               First
               Authors
               ;
               and
               amongst
               the
               Philosophers
               that
               profound
               and
               sublime
               vvriter
               
                 Mercurius
                 Trismegistus
              
               ;
               vvho
               subtilly
               and
               not
               altogether
               idlely
               ,
               distinguishing
               of
               Providence
               ,
               Necessity
               ,
               and
               Fate
               ;
               hath
               these
               vvords
               .
               
                 Providence
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 is
                 the
                 perfect
                 ,
                 and
                 absolute
                 Counsel
                 of
                 the
                 Heavenly
                 God
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 faculties
                 nearly
                 ally'd
                 ;
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 Fate
                 .
                 Fate
                 doth
                 administer
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 subservient
                 at
                 one
                 
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 Providence
                 and
                 Necessity
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Stars
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 Fate
                 .
                 For
                 no
                 man
                 can
                 ev●de
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Fate
                 ,
                 nor
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 caution
                 prevent
                 the
                 powerful
                 influence
                 of
                 the
                 Starrs
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Artillery
                 ,
                 and
                 weapons
                 of
                 Fate
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 direction
                 they
                 cause
                 and
                 conclude
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 Nature
                 or
                 amongst
                 Men.
              
               And
               in
               this
               Ship
               of
               Folly
               are
               (
               at
               this
               day
               )
               embarked
               ;
               the
               most
               of
               the
               Astrologers
               amongst
               us
               to
               the
               great
               reproach
               of
               Christianity
               .
            
             
               Natural
               Fate
               ;
               I
               call
               such
               an
               Order
               of
               Natural
               causes
               vvhich
               (
               unless
               they
               are
               hindred
               )
               do
               by
               their
               own
               Nature
               ,
               and
               efficacy
               produce
               alwayes
               a
               certain
               and
               the
               same
               effect
               .
               Aristotle
               is
               for
               such
               a
               Fate
               if
               vve
               may
               credit
               
                 Alexander
                 Aphrodisiensis
              
               one
               of
               the
               most
               Faithful
               of
               his
               Interpreters
               ;
               and
               of
               the
               like
               Mind
               vvas
               Theophrastus
               ;
               vvho
               plainly
               asserts
               that
               Fate
               is
               nothing
               else
               ,
               but
               every
               Mans
               Nature
               .
               Agreeable
               to
               those
               Mens
               Opinions
               
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               a
               man's
               begetting
               a
               Man
               ,
               is
               by
               Fate
               ;
               that
               if
               a
               man
               arrive
               to
               his
               death
               ;
               by
               internall
               causes
               ;
               vvithout
               the
               accession
               of
               such
               as
               are
               forreigne
               ,
               and
               outward
               ;
               this
               is
               by
               Fate
               :
               On
               the
               other-side
               that
               a
               Man
               begets
               a
               Serpent
               or
               some
               other
               Monster
               this
               is
               not
               by
               Fate
               ,
               neither
               if
               he
               perish
               by
               the
               Sword
               or
               Fire
               .
               An
               opinion
               truly
               not
               very
               peccant
               ;
               inasmuch
               as
               it
               rises
               not
               to
               the
               force
               and
               height
               of
               Fate
               :
               And
               how
               can
               that
               be
               in
               danger
               of
               falling
               vvhich
               never
               adventures
               to
               climb
               ?
               And
               such
               is
               Aristotle
               almost
               every
               vvhere
               in
               Divine
               matters
               ;
               I
               except
               only
               that
               little
               Book
               of
               his
               ,
               
                 de
                 Mundo
              
               ;
               vvhich
               is
               a
               golden
               one
               indeed
               ;
               and
               such
               as
               seems
               to
               me
               ,
               to
               be
               inspired
               by
               some
               other
               and
               more
               heavenly
               Genius
               .
               I
               read
               also
               farther
               in
               a
               Greek
               Writer
               ;
               that
               Aristotle
               vvas
               of
               Opinion
               :
               That
               Fate
               it self
               is
               not
               a
               cause
               ,
               but
               a
               certain
               accidental
               Mode
               to
               the
               cause
               ;
               in
               such
               things
               as
               proceed
               from
               Necessity
               .
               
               O
               the
               courage
               of
               a
               Philosopher
               !
               Who
               durst
               seriously
               Number
               ,
               Fortune
               and
               chance
               amongst
               the
               causes
               ,
               but
               not
               Fate
               .
               But
               I
               pass
               him
               ,
               and
               return
               to
               my
               Stoicks
               (
               for
               not
               to
               dissemble
               I
               have
               a
               great
               affection
               and
               esteem
               for
               that
               Sect
               )
               vvho
               are
               the
               Authors
               of
               violent
               Fate
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               define
               vvith
               Seneca
               ,
               such
               a
               Necessity
               of
               all
               things
               and
               actions
               ;
               as
               no
               power
               is
               able
               to
               interrupt
               :
               Or
               vvith
               Chrysippus
               ;
               a
               spiritual
               power
               that
               doth
               orderly
               govern
               this
               vvhole
               Universe
               .
               Nor
               are
               these
               Definitions
               very
               remote
               from
               that
               vvhich
               is
               right
               and
               true
               :
               if
               they
               may
               have
               a
               sound
               and
               modest
               interpretation
               :
               As
               neither
               is
               their
               vvhole
               Opinion
               perhaps
               ;
               vvere
               it
               not
               that
               it
               hath
               been
               already
               murthered
               by
               the
               retorted
               Thumbs
               of
               the
               whole
               hand
               of
               the
               vulgar
               .
               These
               charge
               them
               vvith
               two
               crimes
               ;
               that
               they
               subject
               God
               himself
               to
               the
               disposal
               of
               Fate
               :
               and
               that
               they
               place
               also
               ,
               the
               internal
               actions
               of
               our
               vvill
               ,
               under
               
               the
               same
               power
               .
               Nor
               vvill
               I
               over-confidently
               undertake
               to
               clear
               them
               of
               either
               of
               these
               faults
               .
               For
               amongst
               those
               few
               of
               their
               vvritings
               vvhich
               are
               yet
               extant
               ,
               there
               are
               such
               ,
               from
               vvhence
               these
               Tenents
               may
               be
               collected
               ;
               as
               there
               are
               others
               ,
               from
               vvhence
               ,
               vvee
               may
               receive
               that
               vvhich
               is
               sound
               and
               Orthodox
               .
               It
               must
               be
               confess'd
               that
               Seneca
               (
               no
               mean
               Trumpet
               of
               that
               School
               )
               seems
               to
               dash
               upon
               that
               first
               Rock
               ,
               in
               that
               Book
               (
               vvhere
               he
               had
               least
               Reason
               to
               do
               so
               )
               of
               Providence
               .
               
                 The
                 same
                 Necessity
                 saith
                 he
                 doth
                 bind
                 even
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 irrevocable
                 decree
                 doth
                 equally
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 both
                 humane
                 and
                 Divine
                 things
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 Creator
                 and
                 Ruler
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ;
                 did
                 indeed
                 write
                 down
                 this
                 Law
                 of
                 Fate
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 followes
                 it
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 ever
                 obeys
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 once
                 commanded
                 .
              
               And
               that
               indissoluble
               Chain
               ,
               and
               twist
               of
               causes
               ,
               vvhereunto
               they
               fasten
               all
               things
               and
               Persons
               ,
               seems
               (
               and
               that
               
               not
               Obscurely
               neither
               )
               to
               offer
               violence
               to
               the
               vvill
               of
               Man.
               But
               the
               Genuine
               and
               true
               Stoicks
               ,
               did
               never
               openly
               avouch
               these
               things
               .
               Or
               if
               any
               such
               matter
               ,
               did
               fall
               from
               them
               (
               as
               it
               is
               possible
               enough
               )
               in
               their
               heat
               of
               writing
               and
               dispute
               ;
               you
               shall
               rather
               find
               it
               in
               vvords
               ,
               than
               in
               their
               sense
               and
               meaning
               .
               Chrysippus
               himself
               vvho
               first
               corrupted
               and
               Enervated
               that
               Masculine
               Sect
               ,
               vvith
               the
               intricate
               niceness
               of
               Questions
               ,
               he
               in
               Agellius
               sufficiently
               cleares
               them
               from
               attempting
               upon
               the
               liberty
               of
               the
               vvill
               .
               Nor
               doth
               our
               Seneca
               subject
               God
               to
               Fate
               (
               he
               vvas
               better
               advised
               )
               but
               (
               in
               a
               certain
               Mode
               of
               speech
               )
               God
               to
               God.
               For
               those
               amongst
               them
               ,
               vvho
               came
               nearest
               to
               the
               truth
               ,
               do
               by
               Fate
               sometimes
               understand
               Providence
               ,
               and
               at
               others
               ,
               God.
               
                 And
                 therefore
              
               Zeno
               
                 when
                 he
                 defines
                 Fate
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 power
                 moving
                 the
                 matter
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 respects
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 he
                 adds
                 ;
                 it
                 matters
                 not
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 called
                 it
                 ,
                 either
                 Providence
                 or
                 Nature
                 .
              
               And
               Chrysippus
               from
               the
               same
               Principle
               ,
               doth
               elsewhere
               call
               Fate
               ,
               the
               Eternal
               purpose
               of
               Providence
               .
               Now
               Panetius
               the
               Stoick
               ,
               affirm'd
               that
               God
               himself
               vvas
               Fate
               ;
               and
               the
               same
               thing
               is
               clearly
               the
               Opinion
               of
               
                 Seneca
                 :
                 You
                 may
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 as
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 vary
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 this
                 Author
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 Natures
                 :
                 You
                 may
                 lawfully
                 call
                 him
                 ,
                 either
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 greatest
              
               Jove
               ;
               
                 or
                 the
                 Thunderer
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Stayer
                 :
                 Nor
                 for
                 that
                 Reason
                 which
                 Historians
                 assigne
                 ;
                 because
                 after
                 a
                 Vow
                 made
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 He
                 stayed
                 the
                 flying
                 Army
                 of
                 the
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 but
                 he
                 is
                 therefore
                 the
                 Stayer
                 and
                 Establisher
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 things
                 do
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 consist
                 by
                 his
                 goodness
                 ,
                 neither
                 shall
                 you
                 erre
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 call
                 him
                 .
                 Fate
                 .
                 For
                 since
                 Fate
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 an
                 implexed
                 series
                 of
                 causes
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 Principall
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 the
                 rest
                 do
                 depend
                 .
              
               
               Which
               last
               vvords
               are
               so
               piously
               spoken
               ,
               that
               even
               Calumny
               it self
               ,
               is
               not
               able
               to
               calumniate
               them
               .
               Nor
               did
               that
               great
               vvriter
               (
               unto
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               )
               in
               this
               at
               all
               dissent
               from
               the
               Stoicks
               .
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 that
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 than
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 unchangeable
                 Nature
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 also
                 Fate
                 it self
                 ;
                 because
                 it
                 knits
                 together
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 moved
                 and
                 carryed
                 on
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 impediment
                 .
              
               Which
               Speeches
               though
               possibly
               they
               may
               have
               something
               in
               them
               vvhich
               is
               not
               so
               advised
               :
               Yet
               they
               contain
               nothing
               that
               is
               impious
               ;
               and
               by
               modest
               interpreters
               vvill
               be
               thought
               not
               farr
               distant
               from
               that
               true
               Fate
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               am
               about
               to
               assert
               .
               The
               truth
               is
               ,
               I
               do
               heartily
               applaud
               the
               Stoicks
               in
               this
               :
               That
               there
               is
               not
               any
               Sect
               ,
               vvhich
               hath
               more
               studiously
               asserted
               the
               Majesty
               ,
               and
               Providence
               of
               God
               ;
               or
               more
               earnestly
               endeavoured
               to
               incline
               the
               Minds
               of
               
               Men
               ,
               to
               things
               Heavenly
               ,
               and
               Eternal
               ,
               than
               they
               .
               And
               if
               in
               the
               performance
               of
               this
               fatal
               Race
               ,
               they
               have
               at
               any
               time
               stumbled
               :
               I
               believe
               it
               occasioned
               ,
               by
               a
               good
               and
               praise-vvorthy
               desire
               ;
               to
               recall
               blind
               Mortalls
               from
               their
               blind
               goddess
               ;
               I
               mean
               Fortune
               ,
               not
               only
               vvhose
               Deity
               ,
               but
               Name
               too
               ,
               was
               by
               them
               very
               manfully
               exploded
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIX
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 true
                 Fate
                 explained
                 .
                 Of
                 its
                 Name
                 ,
                 its
                 Definition
                 .
                 How
                 it
                 differs
                 from
                 Providence
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               I
               have
               said
               enough
               of
               the
               Sentiments
               and
               dissents
               of
               the
               ancients
               ,
               for
               why
               should
               I
               over
               curiously
               or
               subtilly
               search
               into
               the
               Mysteries
               of
               Hell
               ?
               my
               business
               is
               vvith
               true
               Fate
               ;
               this
               I
               shall
               now
               propound
               and
               illustrate
               .
               And
               I
               here
               call
               it
               ,
               an
               eternal
               decree
               of
               Providence
               ,
               vvhich
               is
               as
               inseparable
               from
               things
               ,
               as
               Providence
               it self
               .
               Nor
               let
               any
               one
               cavil
               at
               the
               Name
               ;
               for
               I
               do
               confidently
               affirm
               that
               the
               Latine
               language
               doth
               not
               afford
               any
               other
               that
               is
               proper
               to
               the
               thing
               .
               Did
               the
               ancients
               abuse
               it
               ?
               Let
               us
               use
               it
               nevertheless
               ;
               and
               inlarging
               the
               vvord
               from
               the
               Prison
               of
               the
               Stoicks
               ,
               let
               us
               bring
               
               it
               forth
               into
               a
               better
               light
               .
               For
               certainly
               Fate
               is
               derived
               a
               fando
               from
               speaking
               :
               Nor
               is
               it
               properly
               any
               other
               than
               the
               Divine
               Sentence
               and
               injunction
               ,
               vvhich
               is
               that
               very
               thing
               I
               here
               mean
               by
               it
               .
               For
               I
               define
               the
               true
               Fate
               either
               vvith
               the
               illustrious
               
                 Picus
                 Mirandula
              
               ,
               a
               Series
               and
               Order
               of
               Causes
               depending
               upon
               Divine
               Counsel
               ,
               or
               in
               my
               own
               termes
               (
               though
               not
               so
               plainly
               ,
               yet
               more
               exactly
               )
               an
               immoveable
               decree
               of
               Providence
               inherent
               in
               things
               moveable
               ,
               vvhich
               surely
               disposes
               every
               of
               them
               in
               its
               own
               Order
               ,
               Place
               and
               Time.
               I
               call
               it
               a
               decree
               of
               Providence
               ;
               for
               I
               am
               not
               altogether
               of
               the
               same
               Mind
               ,
               vvith
               the
               Divines
               of
               our
               dayes
               (
               I
               crave
               leave
               for
               a
               free
               Investigation
               of
               Truth
               )
               vvho
               confound
               it
               as
               vvell
               in
               Name
               as
               Thing
               vvith
               Providence
               it self
               .
               I
               know
               it
               is
               a
               high
               and
               rash
               presumption
               to
               enterprize
               the
               comprisal
               and
               limitation
               of
               that
               supersubstantial
               and
               supercelestial
               Nature
               (
               I
               
               mean
               God
               )
               or
               vvhatsoever
               pertains
               to
               him
               ,
               vvithin
               the
               compass
               of
               definite
               Termes
               :
               Yet
               according
               to
               our
               humane
               capacity
               ;
               I
               am
               sensible
               that
               Providence
               is
               one
               thing
               properly
               ,
               and
               this
               Fate
               I
               am
               speaking
               of
               is
               another
               .
               For
               I
               apprehend
               not
               ,
               nor
               conceive
               of
               Providence
               any
               otherwise
               ,
               than
               that
               it
               is
               a
               faculty
               and
               power
               in
               God
               ,
               by
               vvhich
               he
               sees
               ,
               knows
               and
               governs
               all
               things
               ;
               such
               a
               power
               (
               I
               mean
               )
               as
               is
               universal
               ,
               undivided
               ,
               guarded
               ,
               and
               as
               Lucretius
               faith
               firmly
               united
               .
               But
               now
               the
               notion
               of
               Fate
               ,
               seems
               rather
               to
               descend
               to
               things
               themselves
               ,
               and
               in
               each
               of
               them
               to
               be
               observed
               :
               That
               so
               there
               may
               be
               such
               a
               digestion
               and
               explication
               of
               common
               Providence
               ,
               as
               is
               distinct
               and
               agreeable
               to
               its
               parts
               .
               Providence
               therefore
               is
               in
               God
               ,
               and
               is
               ascribed
               unto
               him
               alone
               :
               Fate
               is
               in
               things
               ,
               and
               to
               them
               it
               is
               ascribed
               .
               It
               is
               possible
               I
               may
               seem
               to
               you
               to
               trifle
               ,
               and
               as
               (
               one
               saith
               )
               to
               drill
               Millet
               .
               No
               
               Lipsius
               I
               have
               these
               things
               from
               the
               common
               discourses
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               amongst
               whom
               nothing
               is
               more
               usuall
               than
               to
               say
               ,
               this
               or
               that
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               by
               my
               Good
               or
               Evil
               Fate
               :
               This
               is
               the
               Fate
               of
               that
               Kingdom
               or
               City
               .
               But
               of
               Providence
               no
               man
               vvill
               speak
               after
               this
               manner
               :
               I
               mean
               none
               can
               attribute
               it
               to
               things
               themselves
               without
               impiety
               or
               folly
               .
               I
               have
               therefore
               justly
               said
               that
               Providence
               is
               in
               God
               :
               Fate
               is
               indeed
               from
               God
               ,
               but
               is
               understood
               in
               things
               .
               I
               add
               further
               ,
               that
               howsoever
               Providence
               is
               really
               inseparable
               from
               Fate
               ,
               yet
               it
               seems
               to
               be
               something
               more
               excellent
               ,
               and
               superiour
               to
               it
               ,
               as
               vve
               commonly
               say
               in
               the
               Schools
               ,
               the
               Sun
               excells
               Light
               ,
               Eternity
               Time
               ;
               and
               the
               intellect
               Reason
               .
               Not
               to
               enlarge
               my
               felf
               any
               farther
               about
               these
               serious
               (
               though
               uncommon
               matters
               )
               by
               what
               hath
               passed
               ,
               you
               may
               readily
               apprehend
               the
               Reason
               of
               my
               distinction
               ;
               as
               also
               of
               my
               retaining
               the
               old
               
               Name
               ,
               against
               the
               new
               Senate
               of
               Divines
               .
               For
               those
               ancient
               and
               heretofore
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ;
               do
               not
               at
               all
               oppose
               me
               ,
               but
               that
               I
               may
               very
               freely
               use
               this
               word
               Fate
               ,
               in
               the
               found
               and
               true
               notion
               of
               it
               .
               But
               to
               return
               to
               the
               clearing
               of
               my
               Definition
               ,
               I
               call'd
               it
               an
               inherent
               Decree
               ;
               to
               shew
               that
               Fate
               is
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               those
               things
               to
               vvhich
               ,
               not
               in
               him
               from
               vvhence
               it
               comes
               .
               I
               added
               in
               moveable
               things
               ;
               signifying
               thereby
               ,
               that
               howsoever
               Fate
               it self
               is
               immoveable
               ,
               yet
               it
               doth
               not
               destroy
               the
               infixed
               Nature
               ,
               and
               proper
               motion
               of
               things
               but
               acts
               in
               a
               mild
               and
               gentle
               vvay
               ,
               according
               as
               those
               marks
               and
               Characters
               do
               require
               vvhich
               God
               hath
               engraven
               upon
               every
               thing
               :
               In
               causes
               (
               I
               understand
               second
               ones
               )
               necessary
               ,
               necessarily
               ;
               in
               natural
               ones
               naturally
               ;
               in
               contingent
               ,
               contingently
               .
               In
               respect
               therefore
               of
               things
               ,
               it
               is
               no
               vvay
               violent
               or
               compulsory
               ,
               but
               bends
               and
               leads
               on
               every
               thing
               ,
               according
               as
               the
               Nature
               of
               it
               is
               to
               do
               or
               suffer
               .
               
               But
               if
               you
               reduce
               it
               to
               its
               own
               Original
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               to
               Providence
               and
               God
               :
               Then
               I
               must
               affirm
               vvith
               the
               greatest
               Constancy
               and
               boldness
               ,
               that
               all
               things
               vvhich
               are
               by
               Fate
               ,
               do
               necessarily
               come
               to
               pass
               .
               I
               added
               in
               the
               last
               place
               somewhat
               of
               the
               Order
               ,
               Time
               ,
               and
               Place
               ,
               confirming
               vvhat
               I
               had
               before
               asserted
               ;
               that
               Providence
               is
               of
               all
               things
               taken
               together
               ,
               but
               Fate
               is
               by
               vvay
               of
               distribution
               of
               particulars
               .
               By
               Order
               I
               understand
               a
               Series
               of
               Causes
               vvhich
               Fate
               defines
               .
               By
               Place
               ,
               and
               Time
               I
               understand
               that
               vvonderfull
               and
               inexplicable
               power
               ,
               by
               vvhich
               all
               Events
               are
               ty'd
               to
               certain
               circumscriptions
               of
               place
               ,
               and
               moments
               of
               time
               .
               Is
               it
               the
               Fate
               of
               Tarquine
               to
               be
               expell'd
               his
               Kingdom
               ?
               Let
               it
               be
               done
               ,
               but
               vvithall
               let
               Adultery
               precede
               .
               You
               see
               the
               Order
               :
               Is
               it
               the
               Fate
               of
               Cesar
               to
               be
               slain
               ?
               Be
               it
               so
               ;
               but
               be
               it
               also
               in
               the
               Senate-house
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               Pompey's
               Statue
               .
               You
               see
               
               the
               Place
               .
               Shall
               Domitian
               be
               murther'd
               by
               his
               Servants
               ?
               Let
               him
               fall
               ,
               but
               let
               it
               be
               in
               that
               very
               hour
               ,
               which
               he
               sought
               in
               vain
               to
               decline
               ,
               viz.
               the
               Fifth
               ,
               you
               see
               the
               time
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XX.
               
            
             
               
                 It
                 s
                 Difference
                 from
                 the
                 Stoicks
                 Fate
                 ;
                 in
                 four
                 respects
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 offers
                 no
                 violence
                 to
                 the
                 will.
                 That
                 God
                 is
                 neither
                 a
                 Copartner
                 in
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 Evil.
                 
              
            
             
               ARe
               you
               sufficiently
               apprehensive
               of
               these
               things
               young
               Man
               ,
               or
               do
               you
               yet
               stand
               in
               need
               of
               a
               further
               and
               a
               clearer
               light
               ?
               I
               (
               shaking
               my
               Head
               )
               a
               clearer
               Langius
               ,
               a
               clearer
               said
               I
               ,
               or
               you
               will
               leave
               me
               for
               ever
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               this
               Night
               .
               For
               
               vvhat
               means
               the
               subtile
               thread
               of
               distinctions
               ?
               What
               captious
               snares
               of
               questions
               are
               these
               ?
               Believe
               me
               ,
               I
               vvas
               in
               fear
               of
               some
               stratagem
               ;
               and
               began
               to
               be
               as
               suspitious
               of
               these
               your
               vveigh'd
               and
               vvary
               vvords
               ,
               as
               of
               so
               many
               Enemies
               .
               Langius
               smiling
               ;
               you
               may
               be
               confident
               (
               said
               he
               )
               no
               Hanibal
               is
               here
               ,
               nor
               are
               you
               fallen
               into
               an
               Ambush
               ,
               but
               into
               a
               safe
               place
               of
               retreat
               .
               I
               shall
               very
               vvillingly
               enlighten
               you
               ;
               declare
               only
               vvhere
               and
               in
               vvhat
               part
               it
               is
               you
               desire
               a
               further
               satisfaction
               .
               There
               Langius
               (
               said
               I
               )
               vvhere
               you
               speak
               of
               force
               and
               necessity
               .
               For
               I
               am
               not
               able
               to
               apprehend
               ,
               vvhich
               vvay
               you
               dissever
               this
               Fate
               of
               yours
               ,
               from
               that
               of
               the
               Stoicks
               .
               For
               howsoever
               you
               have
               excluded
               it
               in
               vvords
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               at
               the
               Portall
               ;
               yet
               in
               reality
               and
               at
               the
               Postern
               ,
               you
               seem
               to
               me
               to
               readmit
               it
               .
               Langius
               readily
               ,
               farr
               ,
               farr
               be
               it
               from
               me
               Lipsius
               said
               he
               ;
               I
               vvould
               not
               so
               much
               as
               in
               my
               dreams
               introduce
               
               that
               Fate
               of
               the
               Stoicks
               ;
               nor
               do
               I
               endeavour
               to
               revive
               those
               long
               sinceexpired
               Beldames
               the
               destinies
               .
               It
               is
               a
               modest
               and
               pious
               fate
               I
               contend
               for
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               differs
               from
               the
               violent
               one
               these
               four
               vvayes
               .
               The
               Stoicks
               subject
               God
               to
               Fate
               ;
               neither
               was
               Iupiter
               himself
               in
               Homer
               able
               to
               exempt
               his
               Sarpedon
               from
               its
               bonds
               ,
               when
               he
               earnestly
               desired
               it
               .
               But
               we
               on
               the
               contrary
               subject
               Fate
               to
               God
               vvhom
               vve
               acknowledge
               to
               be
               a
               most
               free
               Author
               ,
               and
               independent
               Agent
               in
               all
               things
               :
               Who
               vvhen
               he
               pleases
               can
               surpass
               ,
               and
               break
               through
               all
               the
               strengths
               ,
               and
               intricate
               foldings
               of
               Fate
               .
               They
               also
               constitute
               a
               Series
               and
               Flux
               of
               Natural
               causes
               from
               Eternity
               ;
               vve
               admit
               not
               such
               a
               Series
               of
               these
               causes
               vvithout
               interruption
               (
               for
               God
               makes
               Prodigies
               ,
               and
               worketh
               Miracles
               ,
               oftentimes
               besides
               ,
               yea
               contrary
               to
               Nature
               )
               nor
               can
               this
               Series
               of
               causes
               be
               from
               Eternity
               .
               For
               Second
               causes
               are
               not
               Eternal
               ,
               as
               having
               (
               most
               certainly
               )
               their
               beginings
               vvith
               that
               of
               the
               world
               .
               Thirdly
               ,
               
               they
               seem
               to
               have
               remov'd
               contingency
               from
               things
               ;
               vve
               restore
               it
               ,
               and
               as
               often
               as
               second
               causes
               are
               such
               ,
               vve
               admit
               contingency
               and
               accident
               in
               events
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               they
               seem
               to
               have
               brought
               in
               a
               violent
               force
               upon
               the
               Will
               ;
               this
               is
               farr
               from
               us
               ,
               vvho
               as
               vve
               do
               assert
               Fate
               ,
               so
               vve
               reconcile
               it
               with
               the
               Liberty
               of
               the
               Will.
               For
               vve
               so
               avoid
               the
               deceitfull
               Gust
               of
               Fortune
               and
               Chance
               ,
               as
               that
               yet
               vve
               do
               not
               force
               our
               Ship
               upon
               the
               Rock
               of
               Necessity
               .
               Is
               there
               Fate
               ?
               That
               Fate
               is
               the
               first
               cause
               ,
               which
               is
               so
               farr
               from
               removing
               the
               second
               and
               subordinate
               ones
               ,
               that
               ordinarily
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               it
               acts
               not
               but
               by
               them
               .
               Now
               amongst
               these
               second
               causes
               is
               the
               Will
               ,
               vvhich
               never
               believe
               that
               God
               vvill
               either
               enforce
               or
               destroy
               .
               Here
               is
               all
               the
               Errour
               ,
               and
               Cloud
               in
               this
               matter
               ,
               no
               Man
               knowes
               or
               thinks
               that
               he
               wills
               what
               Fate
               vvills
               ,
               and
               yet
               that
               he
               wills
               it
               freely
               .
               For
               that
               God
               who
               created
               all
               things
               ,
               
               employes
               those
               things
               ,
               vvithout
               the
               destruction
               of
               them
               .
               As
               the
               highest
               Heaven
               doth
               so
               carry
               along
               with
               it
               all
               the
               inferiour
               Orbs
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               stop
               ,
               or
               break
               off
               the
               proper
               motion
               of
               any
               of
               them
               :
               So
               God
               by
               the
               force
               of
               Fate
               disposes
               of
               all
               things
               ;
               but
               destroyes
               not
               the
               peculiar
               power
               or
               motion
               of
               any
               of
               them
               .
               Is
               it
               his
               vvill
               that
               Trees
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               should
               grow
               ?
               They
               do
               so
               by
               Nature
               ,
               without
               any
               compulsion
               .
               Is
               it
               his
               pleasure
               that
               Men
               should
               deliberate
               ,
               and
               choose
               ?
               They
               deliberate
               without
               any
               inforcement
               ,
               and
               they
               choose
               vvith
               their
               own
               vvill
               .
               And
               yet
               God
               from
               Eternity
               foresaw
               that
               very
               thing
               in
               which
               their
               choice
               vvould
               determine
               :
               But
               he
               only
               foresaw
               ,
               he
               did
               not
               inforce
               ;
               he
               knew
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               enjoyn
               ;
               he
               foretold
               it
               ,
               but
               he
               did
               not
               prescribe
               it
               .
               Why
               stumble
               our
               Curioso's
               at
               this
               ?
               Poor
               wretches
               !
               There
               is
               no
               point
               ,
               that
               seems
               to
               me
               ,
               to
               carry
               a
               greater
               evidence
               of
               truth
               vvith
               it
               ;
               
               vvere
               it
               not
               for
               that
               vvanton
               Mind
               of
               ours
               vvhich
               (
               being
               infected
               vvith
               an
               evil
               Itch
               of
               wrangling
               and
               dispute
               )
               is
               ever
               and
               anon
               urging
               and
               exasperating
               it self
               .
               For
               (
               say
               they
               if
               God
               foresaw
               that
               I
               should
               sin
               ;
               and
               this
               foresight
               of
               his
               is
               no
               vvay
               to
               be
               deceiv'd
               :
               How
               can
               it
               otherwise
               be
               ,
               but
               that
               I
               should
               sin
               Necessarily
               ?
               I
               acknowledge
               it
               is
               Necessarily
               ,
               but
               not
               in
               respect
               of
               your
               Mind
               ;
               since
               your
               own
               free
               vvill
               doth
               here
               intervene
               .
               For
               he
               foresaw
               that
               you
               should
               sin
               the
               same
               vvay
               he
               foresaw
               ;
               but
               he
               foresaw
               you
               should
               do
               it
               freely
               ,
               and
               therefore
               of
               Necessity
               you
               must
               sin
               freely
               .
               Is
               not
               this
               sufficiently
               clear
               ?
               But
               they
               urge
               again
               ;
               that
               God
               is
               the
               Author
               of
               all
               motions
               in
               us
               .
               He
               is
               indeed
               (
               I
               confess
               )
               the
               Author
               of
               all
               motions
               in
               common
               ,
               but
               the
               fautor
               ,
               and
               favourer
               of
               nothing
               but
               vvhat
               is
               good
               .
               Do
               you
               prepare
               your self
               to
               an
               action
               that
               is
               virtuous
               ?
               He
               knowes
               and
               assists
               it
               .
               Or
               to
               one
               that
               is
               vitious
               ?
               
               He
               knows
               ,
               and
               permits
               it
               ,
               nor
               is
               he
               herein
               chargeable
               vvith
               any
               fault
               .
               I
               ride
               upon
               ,
               and
               spur
               a
               dull
               and
               lame
               Horse
               ,
               that
               I
               spur
               him
               is
               from
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               is
               dull
               is
               from
               himself
               .
               I
               play
               upon
               a
               Harp
               that
               is
               out
               of
               tune
               ,
               and
               ill
               strung
               :
               You
               vvill
               easily
               acknowledge
               ,
               that
               the
               discordancy
               of
               the
               instrument
               is
               not
               imputable
               to
               me
               ,
               but
               to
               it self
               .
               This
               very
               Earth
               doth
               feed
               all
               sorts
               of
               Trees
               and
               Plants
               vvith
               one
               common
               juice
               ;
               and
               yet
               some
               of
               these
               bring
               forth
               vvholesome
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               some
               others
               Poysons
               .
               What
               vvill
               you
               here
               say
               ?
               That
               this
               is
               from
               the
               Earth
               ?
               Or
               rather
               in
               that
               inbred
               Nature
               of
               the
               Trees
               ,
               which
               converts
               the
               good
               nourishment
               ,
               into
               their
               own
               poyson
               ?
               In
               like
               manner
               it
               is
               here
               :
               That
               you
               move
               is
               from
               God
               ;
               from
               your self
               ,
               and
               in
               your self
               ,
               that
               you
               move
               to
               Evil.
               Finally
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               at
               last
               finish
               my
               discourse
               about
               this
               Liberty
               ;
               Fate
               is
               as
               it
               were
               the
               Leader
               of
               the
               Dance
               ,
               in
               this
               Masque
               of
               the
               world
               :
               But
               so
               
               that
               we
               also
               have
               our
               parts
               to
               act
               ,
               of
               alwayes
               vvilling
               or
               nilling
               ;
               but
               not
               further
               of
               effecting
               .
               For
               it
               is
               only
               a
               will
               that
               is
               left
               unto
               Man
               whereby
               he
               may
               be
               desirous
               to
               oppugne
               and
               resist
               God
               :
               But
               he
               hath
               not
               a
               power
               whereby
               he
               is
               able
               .
               As
               I
               may
               vvalk
               up
               and
               dovvn
               the
               Decks
               and
               Hatches
               of
               a
               Ship
               ;
               but
               this
               little
               motion
               doth
               not
               at
               all
               avail
               to
               hinder
               its
               course
               :
               So
               in
               this
               fatall
               Ship
               ,
               in
               vvhich
               vve
               are
               all
               embark'd
               ,
               though
               our
               vvills
               move
               this
               or
               that
               vvay
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               divert
               ,
               or
               put
               a
               stop
               to
               it
               .
               For
               that
               supream
               Will
               will
               alwayes
               hold
               and
               manage
               the
               reines
               ,
               and
               guide
               this
               Chariot
               ,
               with
               a
               gentle
               kind
               of
               government
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXI
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Conclusion
                 of
                 the
                 Discourse
                 about
                 Fate
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 dangerous
                 and
                 doubtfull
                 ,
                 not
                 curiously
                 to
                 be
                 pry'd
                 into
                 .
                 An
                 exhortation
                 to
                 strengthen
                 our
                 Minds
                 from
                 the
                 consideration
                 of
                 Necessity
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               vvhy
               should
               I
               dwell
               longer
               upon
               these
               things
               ?
               I
               shall
               now
               alter
               my
               Course
               ,
               and
               vvithdravv
               my self
               from
               this
               Charybdis
               in
               vvhich
               the
               vvits
               of
               so
               many
               have
               been
               svvallovved
               up
               .
               I
               behold
               here
               the
               vvreck
               of
               Cicero
               who
               had
               rather
               destroy
               Providence
               ,
               than
               derogate
               in
               the
               least
               from
               the
               freedom
               of
               the
               vvill
               .
               Who
               (
               as
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Hippo
               said
               elegantly
               )
               vvhile
               he
               made
               Men
               Free
               ,
               made
               them
               Sacrilegious
               .
               Hovv
               many
               even
               at
               this
               day
               are
               swimming
               in
               this
               Sea
               ;
               and
               at
               length
               carry'd
               away
               vvith
               the
               Waves
               
               of
               disputation
               .
               By
               vvhose
               dangers
               Lipsius
               vve
               being
               vvarned
               let
               us
               rather
               choose
               to
               coast
               about
               the
               Shore
               ,
               than
               to
               hazzard
               our selves
               too
               farr
               in
               the
               depths
               of
               this
               Ocean
               .
               Euclid
               to
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               many
               things
               concerning
               the
               Gods
               ,
               made
               this
               apposite
               reply
               :
               Other
               things
               I
               know
               not
               ;
               but
               this
               I
               know
               that
               they
               hate
               the
               curious
               .
               Think
               the
               same
               of
               Fate
               ,
               vvhich
               vvill
               be
               look'd
               upon
               ,
               but
               not
               pry'd
               into
               ;
               believ'd
               ,
               but
               not
               known
               .
               I
               think
               it
               is
               the
               saying
               of
               Bias
               ;
               of
               the
               Gods
               say
               that
               they
               are
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               may
               pertinently
               apply
               unto
               Fate
               ,
               of
               vvhich
               I
               advise
               you
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               enough
               if
               you
               knovv
               it
               to
               be
               :
               in
               other
               matters
               about
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               no
               Sin
               to
               be
               ignorant
               .
               That
               properly
               belongs
               to
               our
               Province
               (
               for
               I
               novv
               return
               from
               this
               intangled
               path
               into
               the
               old
               and
               beaten
               vvay
               )
               that
               you
               believe
               there
               is
               a
               Necessity
               annex'd
               to
               publick
               evils
               :
               and
               that
               you
               derive
               from
               thence
               some
               consolation
               in
               your
               Griefs
               .
               What
               doth
               it
               concern
               you
               ,
               
               curiously
               to
               enquire
               about
               the
               Liberty
               or
               Servitude
               of
               the
               Will
               ?
               Wretch
               !
               Thy
               Syracuse
               is
               taken
               ,
               and
               thou
               art
               drawing
               lines
               in
               the
               dust
               .
               Warr
               is
               about
               thee
               ,
               Tyranny
               ,
               Slaughters
               ,
               Death
               ,
               which
               certainly
               are
               sent
               from
               above
               ,
               and
               not
               at
               all
               under
               the
               disposal
               of
               thy
               Will.
               These
               things
               you
               may
               fear
               but
               not
               prevent
               :
               Fly
               ,
               but
               not
               be
               able
               to
               evade
               .
               Arme
               your self
               therefore
               against
               them
               ,
               and
               catch
               up
               this
               fatal
               weapon
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               only
               pierce
               ,
               but
               kill
               ;
               not
               only
               diminish
               ,
               but
               destroy
               all
               your
               Griefs
               .
               As
               if
               you
               slightly
               touch
               a
               Nettle
               it
               stings
               ;
               but
               if
               hard
               ,
               it
               hath
               no
               such
               power
               :
               So
               doth
               the
               asperity
               of
               your
               Grief
               encrease
               upon
               you
               if
               you
               ply
               it
               with
               gentle
               remedies
               ,
               but
               gives
               back
               in
               the
               use
               of
               those
               which
               are
               more
               forcible
               and
               severe
               .
               Now
               there
               is
               nothing
               more
               forcible
               than
               necessity
               ;
               whose
               first
               onset
               doth
               rout
               and
               conquer
               these
               feeble
               troops
               .
               For
               what
               does
               your
               grief
               aim
               at
               ?
               There
               is
               no
               place
               for
               it
               in
               
               those
               things
               which
               not
               only
               may
               ,
               but
               must
               come
               to
               pass
               .
               What
               would
               your
               complaints
               ?
               You
               may
               struggle
               vvith
               a
               Yoke
               vvhich
               Heaven
               hath
               impos'd
               ;
               but
               not
               be
               able
               to
               shake
               it
               off
               .
            
             
               By
               our
               complaints
               we
               hope
               in
               vain
            
             
               To
               frustrate
               what
               the
               Gods
               ordain
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               no
               other
               evasion
               of
               Necessity
               ,
               than
               to
               vvill
               that
               which
               it self
               will
               compell
               .
               That
               excellent
               wise
               Man
               said
               excellently
               ;
               thou
               may'st
               be
               unconquerable
               if
               thou
               never
               enter
               into
               such
               a
               combat
               ,
               vvherein
               it
               is
               impossible
               for
               thee
               to
               overcome
               .
               And
               such
               is
               the
               conflict
               with
               Necessity
               ,
               vvhich
               vvhosoever
               undertakes
               ,
               falls
               under
               it
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               is
               the
               greater
               wonder
               ,
               he
               falls
               even
               before
               the
               fight
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXII
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 pretence
                 for
                 Sloth
                 usually
                 drawn
                 from
                 Fate
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 Detection
                 .
                 Fate
                 acts
                 by
                 second
                 causes
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 idle
                 .
                 How
                 farr
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 help
                 our
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 to
                 forbear
                 .
                 The
                 Close
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Discourse
                 .
              
            
             
               ANd
               here
               Langius
               pawsing
               a
               little
               ;
               I
               cheerfully
               broke
               out
               ,
               and
               thus
               interrupted
               him
               .
               If
               (
               said
               I
               )
               the
               wind
               shall
               continue
               thus
               to
               fill
               the
               Sail
               ;
               I
               shall
               quickly
               arrive
               at
               the
               Haven
               .
               For
               now
               I
               dare
               follow
               God
               ,
               I
               dare
               obey
               Necessity
               ,
               and
               methinks
               I
               may
               say
               vvith
               Euripides
               .
            
             
               I
               'le
               rather
               Sacrifice
               to
               mighty
               Jove
            
             
               Than
               with
               vain
               rage
               combat
               the
               powers
               above
               .
            
             
             
               But
               I
               am
               yet
               tossed
               vvith
               the
               vvave
               of
               one
               troubled
               thought
               ,
               and
               this
               Langius
               I
               pray
               you
               calme
               :
               For
               if
               publick
               Evils
               are
               from
               ●ate
               ,
               and
               that
               can
               neither
               be
               overcome
               nor
               avoided
               :
               Why
               do
               we
               further
               concern
               our selves
               or
               labour
               for
               our
               Country
               ?
               Wh
               do
               we
               not
               resign
               up
               all
               ,
               to
               that
               great
               and
               uncontroulable
               Governour
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               sit
               down
               vvith
               our
               hands
               folded
               ?
               since
               as
               your self
               do
               confess
               ;
               all
               contrivance
               and
               power
               is
               but
               vain
               ,
               when
               the
               Fates
               do
               oppose
               .
               Obstinacy
               and
               perverseness
               said
               Langius
               smiling
               ,
               have
               set
               thee
               at
               distance
               Young
               Man
               from
               that
               vvhich
               is
               right
               and
               true
               .
               Is
               this
               to
               obey
               Fate
               ,
               or
               to
               contemne
               and
               elude
               it
               ?
               I
               vvill
               sit
               (
               say
               you
               )
               vvith
               my
               hands
               folded
               ;
               't
               is
               well
               ;
               I
               vvish
               you
               had
               done
               so
               vvith
               your
               Lips
               too
               .
               For
               vvho
               ever
               assented
               ,
               that
               Fate
               acts
               singly
               vvithout
               the
               intervention
               of
               middle
               and
               assisting
               causes
               ?
               It
               is
               Fate
               that
               your
               Children
               dye
               :
               Yet
               so
               ,
               as
               that
               they
               shall
               first
               be
               begotten
               .
               It
               is
               Fate
               that
               
               
               
               
               
               you
               recover
               of
               a
               Disease
               :
               But
               then
               you
               must
               employ
               the
               Physitian
               ,
               and
               make
               use
               of
               remedies
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               it
               is
               Fate
               ,
               that
               the
               fluctuating
               sinking
               Ship
               of
               your
               Country
               ,
               shall
               be
               preserv'd
               :
               It
               is
               then
               also
               Fate
               ,
               that
               it
               shall
               be
               supported
               and
               defended
               .
               If
               you
               vvill
               arrive
               at
               the
               Haven
               ,
               you
               must
               apply
               your
               hands
               to
               the
               Oare
               ,
               and
               hoise
               the
               Sailes
               ;
               not
               idlely
               gaping
               after
               ,
               or
               expecting
               a
               Wind
               from
               above
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               if
               it
               is
               Fate
               that
               this
               Country
               of
               yours
               shall
               perish
               ;
               by
               Fate
               also
               those
               things
               shall
               come
               to
               pass
               ,
               vvhich
               shall
               promote
               and
               further
               the
               ruine
               of
               it
               .
               The
               Commons
               shall
               be
               at
               variance
               vvith
               the
               Peers
               ,
               and
               amongst
               themselves
               none
               shall
               know
               how
               to
               command
               ,
               or
               to
               obey
               .
               Many
               shall
               be
               valiant
               in
               the
               tongue
               ;
               all
               shall
               be
               sluggish
               in
               action
               :
               And
               to
               conclude
               amongst
               the
               Commanders
               themselves
               ,
               there
               shall
               be
               found
               neither
               Prudence
               nor
               Integrity
               .
               Velleius
               said
               vvell
               ;
               the
               irresistible
               
               force
               of
               Fate
               ,
               doth
               corrupt
               the
               Councells
               of
               him
               ,
               vvhose
               Fortune
               it
               is
               determin'd
               to
               change
               :
               And
               again
               it
               comes
               to
               pass
               for
               the
               most
               part
               that
               God
               perverts
               their
               Councels
               ,
               vvhose
               Fortune
               he
               is
               about
               to
               alter
               ;
               and
               (
               vvhich
               is
               the
               greatest
               unhappiness
               )
               so
               orders
               things
               ,
               that
               those
               calamities
               vvhich
               happen
               to
               such
               persons
               ,
               seem
               deservedly
               to
               have
               fallen
               upon
               them
               ,
               Neither
               ought
               you
               presently
               to
               conclude
               ,
               that
               the
               last
               and
               fatal
               revolution
               is
               now
               come
               upon
               your
               Country
               .
               For
               how
               do
               you
               know
               it
               ?
               Or
               vvhich
               vvay
               can
               you
               be
               certain
               ,
               vvhether
               it
               is
               some
               light
               distemper
               ,
               or
               a
               Disease
               unto
               Death
               ?
               Assist
               her
               therefore
               ,
               and
               vvhile
               the
               Patient
               hath
               yet
               breath
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               hope
               .
               But
               if
               by
               certain
               and
               infallible
               discoveries
               ,
               it
               shall
               appear
               ,
               that
               its
               fatall
               change
               is
               upon
               it
               ;
               then
               (
               in
               my
               judgment
               )
               that
               is
               vvholsome
               advice
               ;
               fight
               not
               against
               God.
               That
               Example
               of
               Solon
               I
               may
               here
               safely
               commend
               ,
               
               vvho
               vvhen
               Pisistratus
               had
               seised
               Athens
               ;
               and
               he
               saw
               that
               all
               endeavours
               for
               Liberty
               vvere
               vain
               ,
               laying
               down
               his
               shield
               and
               armes
               at
               the
               doors
               of
               the
               Curia
               :
               O
               my
               Country
               said
               he
               ,
               I
               have
               assisted
               thee
               both
               vvith
               my
               councells
               and
               actions
               ;
               and
               so
               vvent
               home
               ,
               resolving
               for
               the
               future
               to
               be
               quiet
               .
               Do
               you
               thus
               ,
               give
               place
               to
               God
               ,
               give
               place
               to
               the
               times
               ;
               and
               if
               you
               are
               a
               good
               Common-wealths
               Man
               ,
               reserve
               your self
               to
               better
               and
               more
               gentle
               Fates
               .
               That
               Liberty
               which
               is
               now
               perish'd
               ,
               may
               revive
               ;
               and
               your
               Country
               vvhich
               is
               now
               fallen
               ,
               in
               process
               of
               time
               may
               yet
               arise
               :
               Why
               do
               you
               unadvisedly
               despond
               ,
               and
               cast
               avvay
               your
               courage
               ?
               Of
               those
               two
               Consuls
               at
               Cannas
               I
               esteem
               Varro
               a
               gallanter
               Person
               vvho
               fled
               ,
               than
               Paulus
               that
               fell
               :
               Nor
               did
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               of
               Rome
               judge
               otherwise
               ,
               who
               gave
               him
               publick
               thanks
               ,
               that
               he
               did
               not
               despair
               of
               the
               Common-vvealth
               .
               But
               vvhether
               your
               Country
               do
               only
               
               totter
               ,
               or
               vvhether
               it
               fall
               ;
               vvhether
               it
               languish
               only
               ,
               or
               vvholly
               perish
               :
               Afflict
               not
               your self
               overmuch
               ,
               but
               espouse
               that
               noble
               courage
               of
               Crates
               ,
               vvho
               vvhen
               Alexander
               asked
               him
               ,
               if
               he
               could
               vvish
               his
               Country
               might
               be
               restor'd
               ?
               To
               vvhat
               purpose
               reply'd
               he
               ,
               possibly
               another
               Alexander
               vvill
               overturn
               it
               again
               :
               These
               are
               the
               speeches
               of
               great
               and
               wise
               Men.
               
            
             
               Let
               Griefs
               (
               though
               sad
               )
               within
               the
               best
               repose
               ;
            
             
               VVhat
               gain
               is
               't
               to
               awake
               our
               Sleeping
               woes
               .
            
             
               As
               Achilles
               vvas
               vvell
               advised
               in
               Homer
               ;
               for
               otherwise
               as
               Creon
               in
               the
               Fable
               ,
               embracing
               his
               burning
               Daughter
               ,
               freed
               her
               not
               ;
               but
               himself
               perished
               vvith
               her
               in
               the
               same
               Flames
               :
               So
               Lipsius
               ,
               you
               vvill
               sooner
               drown
               your self
               in
               your
               own
               Tears
               ,
               than
               vvith
               them
               extinguish
               these
               publick
               Fires
               of
               your
               Country
               .
               While
               Langius
               vvas
               
               yet
               speaking
               ,
               the
               door
               opened
               ;
               and
               a
               Boy
               from
               
                 Levinus
                 Torrentius
              
               came
               to
               tell
               us
               it
               was
               supper
               time
               ?
               Langius
               as
               one
               awak'd
               ,
               vvhat
               sayes
               he
               ,
               has
               this
               discourse
               so
               farr
               impos'd
               upon
               me
               ?
               and
               is
               the
               day
               thus
               privily
               slipp'd
               away
               ?
               And
               with
               that
               rising
               and
               taking
               me
               by
               the
               Arme
               ;
               let
               's
               go
               Lipsius
               said
               he
               to
               this
               my
               wish'd
               Supper
               .
               Let
               us
               rather
               sit
               still
               ,
               said
               I
               (
               being
               unwilling
               to
               go
               )
               for
               this
               to
               me
               is
               preferrable
               to
               all
               other
               food
               ;
               which
               I
               may
               justly
               call
               the
               banquet
               of
               the
               Gods.
               In
               these
               entertainments
               I
               alwayes
               hunger
               and
               can
               never
               be
               satisfy'd
               .
               But
               Langius
               compell'd
               me
               ,
               and
               said
               he
               ,
               let
               us
               now
               performe
               our
               promise
               ;
               to
               morrow
               if
               you
               will
               we
               vvill
               finish
               our
               Sacrifice
               to
               Constancy
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             DISCOURSE
             OF
             CONSTANCY
             .
          
           
             BOOK
             .
             II.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 occasion
                 of
                 renewing
                 the
                 Discourse
                 ;
                 the
                 going
                 to
                 Langius
                 his
                 Gardens
                 .
                 Their
                 commendations
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               next
               day
               it
               pleased
               Langius
               to
               conduct
               me
               to
               his
               gardens
               which
               vvith
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               cost
               and
               curiosity
               he
               had
               planted
               in
               two
               places
               ,
               the
               one
               
               upon
               a
               gentle
               rise
               of
               ground
               opposite
               to
               his
               house
               :
               the
               other
               somewhat
               farther
               off
               ,
               in
               a
               lower
               place
               ,
               and
               close
               by
               the
               River
               Maes
            
             
               Whose
               Christall
               streams
               do
               gentle
               slide
            
             
               Along
               the
               pleasant
               City's
               side
               .
            
             
               Surprising
               me
               therefore
               in
               my
               Chamber
               very
               early
               in
               the
               morning
               shall
               vve
               vvalk
               Lipsius
               say'd
               he
               ,
               or
               vvhether
               had
               you
               rather
               repose
               upon
               a
               Chair
               here
               vvithin
               doors
               ?
               Walk
               Langius
               (
               said
               I
               )
               provided
               it
               be
               with
               you
               ;
               but
               whither
               shall
               vve
               go
               ?
               If
               you
               approve
               it
               (
               reply'd
               he
               )
               to
               my
               Gardens
               which
               are
               by
               the
               waters
               side
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               farr
               distant
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               way
               you
               shall
               exercise
               your
               Body
               ;
               see
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               besides
               we
               shall
               there
               meet
               with
               a
               cool
               and
               desirable
               air
               ;
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               this
               heat
               :
               With
               all
               my
               heart
               (
               said
               I
               )
               nor
               in
               your
               Company
               is
               it
               possible
               that
               any
               vvay
               should
               seem
               tedious
               to
               me
               ,
               though
               it
               vvere
               
               to
               the
               utmost
               Indies
               .
               And
               with
               this
               we
               called
               for
               our
               Cloakes
               ,
               cast
               them
               upon
               us
               ,
               went
               forth
               ,
               and
               got
               thither
               .
               Assoon
               as
               I
               entred
               I
               took
               their
               prospect
               ,
               with
               a
               wandring
               and
               curious
               Eve
               ;
               and
               really
               wondring
               at
               the
               elegancy
               ,
               and
               culture
               of
               the
               place
               ?
               My
               Father
               (
               said
               I
               )
               what
               pleasantness
               ,
               what
               splendour
               is
               this
               ?
               You
               have
               here
               Langius
               a
               Heaven
               rather
               than
               a
               Garden
               :
               Nor
               certainly
               do
               those
               Starry
               Fires
               above
               ,
               shine
               out
               more
               illustriously
               in
               a
               clear
               and
               open
               Night
               ;
               than
               these
               your
               flowers
               ,
               do
               even
               sparkle
               and
               glitter
               in
               a
               most
               delectable
               Variety
               .
               Talk
               we
               of
               the
               Gardens
               of
               Adonis
               or
               Alcinous
               ?
               compar'd
               with
               these
               ,
               they
               are
               doubtless
               inconsiderable
               trifles
               ,
               and
               such
               things
               as
               are
               next
               to
               nothing
               .
               And
               with
               this
               being
               come
               somewhat
               nearer
               ,
               beholding
               some
               ;
               and
               smelling
               to
               others
               :
               Oh!
               said
               I
               ,
               which
               should
               I
               rather
               wish
               the
               Eyes
               of
               Argus
               or
               the
               Nose
               of
               Catullus
               ?
               So
               equally
               doth
               
               this
               pleasure
               even
               tickle
               and
               delight
               both
               Senses
               .
               Hence
               ,
               hence
               all
               ye
               Odours
               of
               Arabia
               which
               serve
               only
               to
               provoke
               a
               loathing
               ,
               in
               respect
               of
               that
               pure
               and
               truly
               Celestial
               sweetness
               that
               breaths
               from
               hence
               :
               Langius
               gently
               wringing
               my
               hand
               ,
               and
               not
               vvithout
               a
               smile
               or
               too
               ;
               Fair
               fall
               my
               Gardens
               ,
               Lipsius
               saies
               he
               ;
               for
               neither
               I
               nor
               this
               rustical
               Flora
               of
               mine
               can
               pretend
               any
               Title
               to
               so
               skilfull
               and
               ingenious
               a
               commendation
               .
               It
               is
               yet
               a
               true
               one
               ,
               Langius
               (
               reply'd
               I
               )
               suppose
               you
               that
               I
               flatter
               ?
               I
               speak
               it
               vvith
               all
               the
               seriousness
               imaginable
               ,
               the
               Elysian
               Fields
               ,
               are
               less
               so
               than
               these
               Gardens
               of
               yours
               .
               For
               see
               vvhat
               a
               comeliness
               and
               order
               is
               every
               vvhere
               ?
               How
               fitly
               all
               things
               are
               disposed
               in
               their
               Beds
               and
               Borders
               ?
               That
               the
               different
               coloured
               Marbles
               in
               a
               pavement
               are
               not
               placed
               vvith
               a
               more
               becoming
               Beauty
               and
               exactness
               .
               What
               plenty
               of
               Herbs
               and
               Flowers
               ?
               What
               
               rarity
               and
               strangeness
               ?
               Insomuch
               as
               vvithin
               the
               narrow
               limits
               of
               this
               one
               place
               ,
               Nature
               seems
               to
               have
               enclosed
               all
               those
               excellencies
               ,
               vvhich
               either
               this
               of
               ours
               ,
               or
               that
               other
               World
               is
               able
               to
               boast
               off
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 praise
                 of
                 Gardens
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 Delight
                 taken
                 in
                 them
                 is
                 ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 Nature
                 .
                 Kings
                 and
                 other
                 excellent
                 persons
                 addicted
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 pleasures
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               ANd
               truly
               Langius
               this
               your
               divertisment
               is
               a
               praise-worthy
               and
               commendable
               one
               ;
               a
               pleasure
               vvhereunto
               (
               if
               I
               am
               not
               deceived
               )
               the
               more
               excellent
               and
               ingenuous
               persons
               are
               by
               Nature
               it self
               inclin'd
               .
               I
               am
               rather
               induc'd
               to
               believe
               this
               ;
               inasmuch
               
               as
               it
               is
               not
               very
               easie
               to
               think
               of
               any
               one
               pleasure
               ,
               in
               vvhich
               the
               most
               eminent
               amongst
               the
               Nations
               have
               in
               all
               ages
               so
               vvillingly
               consented
               .
               If
               vve
               turne
               over
               the
               sacred
               Volume
               ,
               vve
               shall
               there
               find
               that
               the
               World
               and
               Gardens
               vvere
               made
               together
               ,
               vvhich
               God
               himself
               bestow'd
               upon
               the
               first
               Man
               ,
               as
               the
               Seat
               of
               a
               blessed
               Life
               :
               If
               vve
               search
               into
               prophane
               Stories
               ,
               Proverbs
               and
               Fables
               every
               vvhere
               tell
               us
               of
               the
               Gardens
               of
               Adonis
               and
               
                 Alcinous
                 ,
                 Tantalus
              
               and
               the
               Hesperides
               :
               and
               in
               true
               and
               credible
               Histories
               ,
               vve
               meet
               the
               mention
               of
               King
               Cyrus
               his
               Orchards
               ,
               that
               were
               planted
               with
               his
               own
               Hands
               :
               The
               airy
               and
               pendulous
               Gardens
               of
               Semirdmis
               ,
               and
               that
               new
               and
               celebrated
               Plat
               of
               Masanissa
               vvhich
               Affrick
               vvondred
               at
               .
               Amongst
               the
               ancient
               Greeks
               and
               Romans
               ,
               how
               many
               illustrious
               persons
               am
               I
               able
               to
               name
               ;
               vvho
               casting
               off
               all
               other
               cares
               ,
               have
               betaken
               themselves
               only
               to
               this
               ?
               Amongst
               the
               former
               ,
               
               it
               vvill
               suffice
               to
               say
               in
               short
               ,
               that
               most
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               and
               Sages
               ,
               removing
               from
               Cities
               and
               the
               wild
               clamour
               of
               the
               Courts
               ;
               have
               cloystred
               up
               themselves
               vvithin
               private
               limits
               and
               bounds
               .
               And
               amongst
               the
               latter
               ,
               methinks
               I
               see
               King
               Tarquine
               (
               in
               that
               then
               ancient
               Rome
               )
               diverting
               himself
               in
               his
               Gardens
               ,
               and
               smiting
               off
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               Poppyes
               .
               Cato
               the
               Censour
               applying
               himself
               to
               this
               study
               ,
               and
               vvriting
               Books
               vvith
               all
               seriousness
               about
               these
               matters
               .
               Lucullus
               retiring
               to
               his
               Gardens
               ,
               after
               all
               his
               Asiatique
               Triumphs
               .
               Sylla
               having
               lay'd
               down
               his
               Dictatorship
               doth
               here
               more
               contentedly
               grow
               old
               ;
               and
               Dioclesian
               the
               Emperour
               preferres
               his
               Sallads
               and
               Lettuce
               at
               Salona
               ;
               before
               the
               imperial
               purple
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Scepters
               of
               the
               Universe
               .
               Nor
               have
               the
               Vulgar
               receded
               from
               the
               Judgement
               of
               their
               superiours
               ;
               but
               even
               amongst
               them
               the
               honester
               sort
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               vvere
               free
               from
               ambition
               ;
               
               vvere
               generally
               this
               way
               addicted
               .
               For
               certainly
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               secret
               impulse
               ,
               that
               vvith
               us
               is
               born
               ;
               the
               hidden
               Causes
               of
               which
               I
               cannot
               easily
               explicate
               ;
               which
               thrusts
               into
               this
               innocent
               and
               ingenuous
               delight
               ;
               not
               only
               us
               vvho
               bend
               that
               vvay
               ,
               but
               even
               those
               serious
               and
               severe
               persons
               ;
               who
               both
               resist
               and
               deride
               it
               .
               And
               as
               none
               do
               behold
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               and
               those
               eternal
               Fires
               ;
               without
               a
               secret
               kind
               of
               horror
               and
               Religion
               ;
               so
               neither
               do
               any
               take
               a
               view
               of
               the
               Sacred
               Treasures
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               the
               beautiful
               Ornaments
               of
               this
               lower
               World
               ,
               without
               a
               silent
               kind
               of
               Gust
               and
               Titillation
               of
               delight
               .
               Enquire
               but
               of
               your
               Mind
               and
               Soul
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               confess
               it self
               not
               only
               to
               be
               surpriz'd
               ;
               but
               even
               fed
               with
               such
               a
               prospect
               .
               Ask
               your
               Eyes
               and
               Senses
               and
               they
               will
               acknowledge
               ,
               that
               they
               do
               not
               any
               where
               more
               willingly
               repose
               themselves
               .
               Look
               round
               about
               I
               beseech
               
               you
               for
               a
               while
               ,
               and
               observe
               the
               several
               troops
               of
               Flowers
               ,
               together
               vvith
               the
               manner
               of
               their
               growth
               .
               Behold
               how
               this
               uncupps
               ,
               and
               that
               unsheathes
               ,
               and
               this
               other
               swells
               it self
               out
               of
               the
               rich
               inclosure
               of
               it's
               Gemm-like
               Bud.
               See
               how
               suddenly
               the
               one
               expires
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               shoots
               out
               to
               succeed
               it
               ;
               to
               conclude
               ,
               observe
               in
               any
               one
               kind
               of
               them
               ,
               the
               Beauty
               ,
               Forme
               ,
               and
               Appearance
               ,
               a
               thousand
               vvayes
               divers
               and
               the
               same
               .
               What
               Mind
               is
               there
               so
               rigid
               ,
               that
               in
               such
               entertainments
               as
               these
               ,
               vvill
               not
               vvithdraw
               and
               melt
               it self
               ,
               into
               soft
               and
               pleasing
               Meditations
               ?
               Let
               the
               curious
               Eye
               dwell
               awhile
               upon
               those
               Orient
               and
               dazeling
               Colours
               :
               Behold
               this
               native
               Purple
               ,
               this
               Blood
               ,
               this
               Ivory
               ,
               this
               Snow
               ,
               this
               Flame
               ,
               this
               Gold
               ,
               and
               such
               diversity
               of
               Colours
               ;
               as
               a
               skilful
               Pencil
               may
               possibly
               emulate
               ,
               but
               can
               never
               be
               able
               to
               express
               ?
               To
               conclude
               vvhat
               exhaling
               Odors
               ,
               vvhat
               subtile
               and
               piercing
               
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               I
               know
               not
               what
               part
               of
               the
               Heavenly
               Air
               breathed
               from
               above
               ?
               So
               that
               our
               Tribe
               of
               Poets
               seem
               not
               in
               vain
               to
               have
               feign'd
               ,
               that
               most
               Flowers
               are
               born
               of
               the
               Blood
               and
               juice
               of
               the
               Immortal
               Gods.
               O
               thou
               true
               Fountain
               of
               dissolved
               pleasure
               !
               O
               thou
               happy
               Seat
               of
               Venus
               and
               the
               Graces
               !
               May
               I
               ever
               pass
               my
               dayes
               ,
               and
               repose
               my self
               in
               these
               your
               shades
               ;
               may
               it
               be
               lawful
               for
               me
               (
               thus
               remote
               from
               popular
               tumults
               )
               vvith
               a
               cheerful
               yet
               unsatisfy'd
               Eye
               ;
               to
               wander
               amongst
               the
               Plants
               and
               Flowers
               of
               the
               known
               and
               unknown
               World
               ;
               busying
               my self
               now
               vvith
               t●e
               Rise
               of
               this
               ,
               and
               than
               vvith
               the
               Set
               of
               that
               ,
               and
               vvith
               a
               vvandring
               kind
               of
               deceit
               here
               to
               lose
               the
               memory
               of
               all
               my
               cares
               and
               sorrows
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 Against
                 some
                 curious
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 abuse
                 their
                 Gardens
                 to
                 Vanity
                 and
                 Sloth
                 .
                 Their
                 proper
                 use
                 .
                 That
                 they
                 are
                 places
                 fit
                 for
                 wise
                 and
                 learned
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 VVisdom
                 it self
                 is
                 bred
                 and
                 cherished
                 there
                 .
              
            
             
               WHen
               I
               had
               spoken
               this
               somevvhat
               earnestly
               ,
               and
               vvith
               a
               kind
               of
               Ardour
               both
               in
               voice
               and
               countenance
               ;
               Langius
               looking
               mildly
               upon
               me
               :
               Certainly
               said
               he
               Lipsius
               ,
               you
               are
               enamour'd
               of
               this
               florid
               and
               purple
               Nymph
               ;
               and
               I
               am
               solicitous
               ,
               lest
               you
               should
               love
               her
               immodestly
               .
               For
               you
               praise
               Gardens
               ,
               but
               yet
               so
               ,
               as
               to
               admire
               only
               those
               things
               vvhich
               are
               vain
               and
               external
               ;
               vvhile
               you
               omit
               to
               speak
               of
               the
               true
               and
               lawful
               Pleasures
               of
               them
               .
               You
               greedily
               behold
               the
               colours
               ,
               and
               repose
               
               in
               the
               beds
               ,
               and
               enquire
               after
               Flowers
               from
               the
               known
               and
               unknown
               World
               ?
               But
               for
               vvhat
               purpose
               I
               pray
               ?
               Is
               it
               to
               assure
               me
               that
               you
               also
               are
               one
               of
               that
               newly
               sprung
               up
               Sect
               of
               curious
               and
               idle
               persons
               ;
               vvho
               have
               converted
               the
               most
               excellent
               and
               simple
               delight
               ,
               into
               the
               instrument
               of
               a
               couple
               of
               Vices
               ;
               Vanity
               ,
               and
               Sloth
               ?
               For
               to
               this
               end
               have
               they
               their
               Gardens
               ,
               vvith
               an
               ambitious
               curiosity
               they
               search
               after
               a
               few
               forraign
               Plants
               and
               Flowers
               ;
               and
               vvhen
               they
               have
               them
               ,
               they
               cherish
               and
               attend
               them
               ,
               vvith
               the
               same
               anxiety
               and
               passion
               ,
               as
               a
               Mother
               doth
               her
               Son.
               These
               are
               they
               vvhose
               Letters
               vvander
               into
               
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 Greece
                 ,
                 India
              
               ,
               for
               some
               little
               parcel
               of
               seed
               ,
               a
               Clove
               ,
               or
               off-set
               of
               a
               Flower
               :
               Who
               more
               passionately
               lament
               the
               vvithering
               of
               some
               new
               fashioned
               Slipps
               ;
               than
               the
               Death
               of
               an
               old
               try'd
               Friend
               .
               Does
               any
               Man
               laugh
               at
               that
               Roman
               ,
               who
               put
               on
               mourning
               
               for
               the
               Death
               of
               his
               Lamprey
               ?
               After
               the
               same
               manner
               bewail
               they
               the
               Funerals
               of
               their
               Flowers
               .
               Now
               if
               any
               of
               these
               Candidates
               of
               Florae
               have
               got
               any
               thing
               more
               new
               or
               rare
               ,
               O
               how
               he
               boasts
               it
               !
               How
               do
               his
               Corrivals
               emulate
               and
               envy
               him
               ?
               Some
               of
               vvhom
               return
               no
               less
               pensive
               to
               their
               Houses
               than
               Sylla
               or
               Marcellus
               vvhen
               they
               vvere
               rejected
               in
               their
               suit
               for
               the
               Pretorship
               .
               What
               shall
               I
               call
               this
               but
               a
               merry
               kind
               of
               madness
               ?
               Not
               unlike
               to
               that
               of
               children
               turning
               pale
               ,
               and
               quarrelling
               for
               their
               Topps
               and
               Counters
               .
               Understand
               also
               how
               these
               men
               imploy
               themselves
               in
               their
               Gardens
               ;
               they
               sit
               ,
               they
               vvalk
               round
               about
               ,
               they
               gape
               and
               sleep
               ,
               and
               nothing
               else
               ;
               as
               if
               they
               intended
               them
               not
               as
               places
               of
               retirement
               ,
               but
               as
               Sepulchres
               of
               Sloth
               .
               A
               prophane
               Generation
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               I
               may
               justly
               exclude
               from
               the
               Orgyes
               of
               the
               true
               and
               sacred
               Garden
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               know
               to
               be
               consecrate
               
               to
               modest
               pleasure
               ,
               not
               to
               Vanity
               ,
               to
               ease
               ,
               but
               not
               at
               all
               to
               Sloth
               .
               Should
               I
               be
               of
               so
               feeble
               a
               temper
               ,
               that
               the
               gain
               or
               loss
               of
               a
               poor
               Flower
               ,
               should
               either
               exalt
               or
               depress
               me
               ?
               No
               ,
               I
               esteem
               things
               at
               their
               just
               rates
               ,
               and
               setting
               aside
               the
               meretricious
               advantage
               of
               Novelty
               :
               I
               know
               they
               are
               but
               Plants
               ;
               I
               know
               they
               are
               but
               Flowers
               :
               that
               is
               ,
               short-liv'd
               and
               transitory
               things
               ;
               of
               vvhich
               the
               Prince
               of
               Poets
               hath
               pertinently
               spoken
               ,
            
             
               When
               the
               soft
               VVestern
               winds
               abroad
               do
               flye
               ,
            
             
               Some
               Flowers
               they
               make
               to
               spring
               ,
               and
               others
               dye
               .
            
             
               I
               do
               not
               then
               despise
               these
               elegancies
               and
               delights
               (
               as
               you
               see
               )
               but
               herein
               I
               differ
               from
               these
               delicate
               Hortensii
               ;
               that
               as
               I
               get
               such
               things
               as
               these
               vvithout
               anxiety
               ,
               so
               I
               keep
               ,
               and
               so
               I
               lose
               them
               .
               Nor
               am
               I
               so
               
               stupid
               ,
               or
               rather
               so
               dead
               ,
               that
               I
               should
               cloyster
               up
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               bury
               my self
               in
               these
               Garden
               shades
               :
               For
               even
               in
               these
               retirements
               ,
               I
               find
               business
               ,
               and
               my
               Mind
               doth
               here
               meet
               vvith
               something
               vvhich
               it
               may
               performe
               vvithout
               action
               .
               I
               am
               never
               less
               alone
               than
               vvhen
               alone
               (
               said
               one
               ;
               )
               nor
               ever
               less
               at
               leisure
               than
               when
               so
               .
               An
               excellent
               saying
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               I
               dare
               affirm
               had
               its
               birth
               in
               such
               Gardens
               as
               these
               ,
               vvhich
               are
               intended
               for
               the
               Mind
               ,
               not
               the
               Body
               ;
               to
               recreate
               that
               ,
               not
               to
               dissolve
               and
               soften
               this
               ;
               and
               for
               a
               safe
               retreat
               both
               from
               Company
               and
               Cares
               .
               Is
               company
               troublesome
               ?
               Here
               you
               shall
               be
               vvith
               your self
               :
               Have
               employments
               exhausted
               your
               Spirits
               ?
               Here
               they
               shall
               be
               repayr'd
               ,
               vvhere
               the
               Mind
               shall
               be
               refresh'd
               vvith
               its
               proper
               food
               of
               quiet
               ,
               and
               vvhere
               from
               this
               purer
               air
               ,
               you
               shall
               have
               as
               it
               were
               the
               inspiration
               of
               a
               new
               life
               .
               If
               you
               look
               therefore
               upon
               the
               ancient
               Sages
               ,
               they
               dwelt
               
               in
               Gardens
               ;
               or
               upon
               the
               more
               learned
               and
               improved
               Spirits
               of
               our
               times
               ,
               they
               delight
               in
               Gardens
               :
               And
               in
               those
               for
               the
               most
               part
               are
               those
               divine
               pieces
               compos'd
               ,
               vvhich
               are
               the
               wonder
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               no
               Age
               ,
               or
               successions
               of
               time
               shall
               ever
               abolish
               .
               To
               this
               green
               Lycaeum
               do
               we
               stand
               indebted
               for
               so
               many
               Lectures
               upon
               Nature
               :
               To
               this
               shady
               Academy
               vve
               owe
               those
               discourses
               about
               manners
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               apartments
               of
               these
               Gardens
               are
               those
               abundant
               springs
               of
               Wisdom
               diffus'd
               ,
               vvhich
               we
               drink
               of
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               vvith
               their
               fertill
               inundations
               have
               enrich'd
               the
               World.
               For
               the
               Mind
               doth
               raise
               and
               advance
               it self
               to
               higher
               and
               greater
               things
               ;
               vvhen
               free
               and
               at
               large
               ;
               it
               beholds
               its
               own
               Heaven
               ,
               then
               vvhen
               't
               is
               cloyster'd
               up
               within
               the
               Prison
               of
               a
               House
               or
               City
               .
               Here
               O
               ye
               Poets
               frame
               an
               everlasting
               and
               immortal
               Verse
               ;
               here
               let
               the
               learned
               meditate
               and
               write
               ;
               here
               O
               ye
               Philosophers
               
               dispute
               of
               Tranquility
               ,
               of
               Constancy
               ,
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               Death
               .
               See
               Lipsius
               the
               true
               end
               and
               use
               of
               Gardens
               ;
               it
               is
               rest
               ,
               secession
               ,
               meditation
               ,
               reading
               ,
               vvriting
               ;
               and
               yet
               all
               these
               by
               way
               of
               recreation
               only
               ,
               and
               divertisement
               .
               As
               Painters
               vvho
               by
               long
               poring
               have
               vvearied
               and
               dimm'd
               their
               sight
               ,
               call
               it
               off
               to
               certain
               glasses
               and
               green
               objects
               ,
               thereby
               to
               quicken
               and
               refresh
               it
               ;
               so
               do
               vve
               the
               Mind
               when
               it
               either
               straggles
               or
               is
               tyred
               .
               And
               why
               should
               I
               conceal
               my
               Custome
               from
               you
               ?
               Do
               you
               see
               that
               Arbour
               set
               out
               vvith
               Topiary
               vvork
               ?
               'T
               is
               the
               place
               I
               have
               consecrated
               to
               the
               Muses
               .
               It
               is
               my
               School
               of
               Wisdom
               .
               There
               I
               either
               satisfie
               my
               Mind
               with
               serious
               and
               retir'd
               reading
               ,
               or
               improve
               it
               vvith
               the
               Seeds
               of
               profitable
               Meditation
               ?
               And
               as
               arms
               are
               lay'd
               up
               in
               a
               Magazene
               :
               So
               do
               I
               from
               them
               ,
               store
               up
               precepts
               in
               my
               Mind
               ,
               vvhich
               are
               alwayes
               ready
               by
               me
               ,
               against
               every
               battery
               and
               impression
               of
               Fortune
               .
               As
               oft
               as
               I
               
               enter
               there
               ,
               I
               forthwith
               command
               all
               base
               and
               servile
               cares
               to
               absent
               themselves
               ;
               and
               (
               asmuch
               as
               I
               may
               )
               vvith
               an
               elevated
               Mind
               ,
               I
               despise
               the
               studies
               of
               the
               prophane
               vulgar
               ,
               and
               this
               great
               vanity
               in
               the
               affairs
               of
               Men.
               Yes
               ,
               I
               seem
               to
               my self
               to
               be
               wholly
               divested
               of
               humanity
               ;
               and
               to
               be
               transported
               into
               Heaven
               it self
               ,
               in
               the
               fiery
               Chariot
               of
               Wisdome
               .
               Do
               you
               think
               it
               there
               troubles
               me
               ,
               what
               the
               French
               or
               Spaniard
               are
               designing
               ?
               Who
               keeps
               ,
               or
               loses
               the
               Scepter
               of
               Belgia
               ?
               That
               the
               Tyrant
               of
               Asia
               ,
               now
               threatens
               us
               by
               Land
               or
               by
               Sea
               ?
               Or
               to
               conclude
               ;
               
                 
                   VVhat
                   Plots
                   that
                   King
                   is
                   forging
                   in
                   his
                   brains
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   in
                   the
                   North
                   and
                   frozen
                   Climate
                   raigns
                   ?
                
              
               none
               of
               all
               these
               I
               vvill
               assure
               you
               .
               Securely
               fortify'd
               against
               all
               that
               is
               external
               ;
               I
               retreat
               within
               my self
               ,
               free
               
               from
               all
               sorts
               of
               cares
               except
               this
               one
               ,
               how
               I
               may
               subject
               this
               broken
               and
               subdued
               Mind
               of
               mine
               to
               Right
               Reason
               ,
               and
               to
               God
               :
               And
               all
               other
               humane
               things
               to
               my
               Mind
               ,
               that
               vvhensoever
               that
               fatal
               day
               shall
               come
               that
               must
               put
               a
               period
               to
               my
               Life
               ;
               I
               may
               receive
               it
               vvith
               a
               compos'd
               ,
               and
               unsadded
               countenance
               ;
               and
               may
               so
               depart
               out
               of
               this
               life
               ,
               not
               as
               he
               that
               is
               forc'd
               into
               exile
               ,
               but
               as
               one
               that
               is
               set
               at
               liberty
               .
               These
               are
               my
               musings
               in
               my
               Gardens
               Lipsius
               ;
               and
               these
               the
               fruits
               which
               (
               so
               long
               as
               I
               am
               my self
               )
               I
               shall
               not
               vvillingly
               exchange
               for
               all
               the
               Persian
               and
               the
               Indian
               treasures
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 An
                 exhortation
                 to
                 VVisdom
                 ;
                 thereby
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 attain
                 to
                 Constancy
                 .
                 An
                 admonition
                 to
                 Youth
                 ,
                 to
                 conjoyn
                 the
                 more
                 serious
                 studies
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 to
                 the
                 more
                 pleasant
                 and
                 liberal
                 ones
                 .
              
            
             
               LAngius
               had
               finish'd
               ,
               and
               I
               confess
               seriously
               that
               this
               last
               generous
               and
               constant
               speech
               of
               his
               ,
               had
               cast
               me
               into
               some
               amazement
               ,
               vvhich
               vvhen
               I
               had
               recovered
               ,
               O
               happy
               Man
               (
               said
               I
               )
               both
               in
               your
               business
               and
               retirements
               !
               O
               that
               more
               than
               humane
               life
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               have
               met
               with
               in
               a
               Man
               !
               Would
               to
               God
               I
               vvere
               able
               in
               any
               Measure
               to
               imitate
               ,
               and
               to
               creep
               along
               after
               these
               footsteps
               ;
               though
               it
               vvere
               at
               a
               considerable
               distance
               .
               Langius
               as
               reprehending
               me
               ;
               imitate
               sayes
               he
               ?
               Yes
               excell
               .
               You
               have
               right
               here
               not
               only
               to
               follow
               ,
               
               but
               to
               lead
               the
               vvay
               .
               For
               in
               this
               Path
               of
               Constancy
               and
               Vertue
               Lipsius
               ,
               vve
               have
               made
               but
               a
               small
               ,
               a
               very
               small
               progress
               .
               As
               yet
               vve
               are
               not
               comparable
               to
               the
               more
               Heroick
               and
               excellent
               Persons
               ,
               though
               possibly
               a
               little
               more
               assured
               than
               the
               utterly
               enfeebled
               and
               debauched
               sort
               .
               But
               you
               vvhose
               Youthfull
               inclinations
               are
               Generous
               and
               Lofty
               ,
               prepare
               your self
               ;
               and
               agreeable
               to
               my
               instructions
               ,
               assay
               that
               path
               which
               doth
               directly
               lead
               to
               firmness
               and
               Constancy
               .
               The
               vvay
               I
               speak
               of
               is
               Wisdom
               ,
               whose
               smooth
               and
               even
               path
               ,
               I
               beseech
               and
               advise
               you
               no
               longer
               to
               decline
               :
               Hath
               learning
               and
               the
               Nine
               Goddesses
               hitherto
               delighted
               you
               ?
               I
               approve
               it
               .
               For
               I
               know
               the
               Mind
               ought
               first
               to
               be
               subacted
               and
               prepar'd
               with
               this
               more
               pleasing
               and
               external
               knowledge
               ,
               as
               being
               before
               unfit
               to
               have
               divine
               Seeds
               intrusted
               vvith
               it
               .
               But
               vvithall
               I
               approve
               not
               that
               you
               should
               so
               farr
               dote
               
               upon
               this
               as
               to
               make
               it
               both
               the
               beginning
               and
               end
               of
               your
               studies
               .
               These
               are
               to
               be
               our
               rudiments
               but
               not
               our
               vvork
               ;
               our
               vvay
               but
               not
               our
               Goale
               .
               In
               a
               feast
               (
               I
               suppose
               )
               you
               vvould
               not
               feed
               only
               upon
               Quelk-choses
               or
               Junkets
               ;
               but
               would
               gratifie
               your
               stomach
               vvith
               something
               that
               is
               more
               solid
               .
               In
               this
               publick
               banquet
               of
               Learning
               ,
               why
               do
               you
               not
               the
               same
               ?
               Why
               add
               you
               not
               the
               firmer
               food
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               to
               those
               delicious
               Viands
               of
               Oratours
               and
               Poets
               ?
               For
               (
               mistake
               me
               not
               )
               I
               vvould
               not
               that
               the
               one
               should
               be
               deserted
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               other
               should
               be
               superadded
               ,
               and
               that
               those
               looser
               ,
               and
               by
               themselves
               more
               fluid
               Nymphs
               should
               be
               tempered
               and
               mixed
               ,
               vvith
               this
               (
               as
               I
               may
               call
               it
               )
               severer
               
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 Penelope's
              
               Suitors
               in
               Homer
               are
               justly
               laughed
               at
               ;
               vvho
               deserting
               the
               Mistress
               fell
               to
               courting
               the
               Maids
               :
               Take
               heed
               you
               do
               not
               the
               same
               ,
               that
               despising
               the
               great
               and
               excellent
               Princess
               ,
               you
               
               should
               remain
               enamour'd
               of
               her
               handmaids
               .
               It
               is
               a
               desirable
               purchase
               to
               attain
               the
               praise
               of
               a
               learned
               Man
               ;
               that
               of
               a
               vvise
               Man
               is
               beyond
               it
               ,
               but
               that
               of
               a
               good
               Man
               surpasses
               all
               .
               Hereafter
               let
               us
               aim
               at
               these
               ;
               and
               by
               all
               our
               labours
               endeavour
               not
               only
               to
               know
               ,
               but
               to
               be
               vvise
               and
               do
               :
               
                 
                   How
                   vaine's
                   that
                   knowledge
                   where
                
                 
                   No
                   VVisdome
                   doth
                   appear
                   ?
                
              
               sayes
               that
               old
               and
               true
               Verse
               .
               How
               many
               are
               there
               in
               this
               our
               Assembly
               of
               the
               Muses
               ,
               vvho
               dishonour
               both
               themselves
               ,
               and
               the
               very
               name
               of
               Learning
               ?
               Some
               in
               that
               they
               are
               even
               covered
               with
               the
               black
               spots
               of
               detestable
               impieties
               ;
               and
               the
               most
               because
               they
               are
               vain
               ,
               light
               Meteours
               only
               ,
               and
               of
               no
               worthy
               designment
               .
               Do
               they
               learn
               languages
               ?
               Yes
               ,
               but
               languages
               alone
               .
               Do
               they
               understand
               the
               Greek
               and
               Latine
               Authors
               ?
               Yet
               they
               do
               but
               understand
               
               them
               ,
               and
               as
               Anacharsis
               faid
               vvell
               of
               the
               Athenians
               heretofore
               ;
               they
               used
               money
               only
               to
               count
               it
               :
               so
               these
               their
               knowledge
               only
               to
               know
               .
               So
               utterly
               regardless
               are
               they
               of
               their
               lives
               ,
               and
               of
               what
               they
               do
               ,
               that
               (
               even
               in
               my
               judgement
               )
               the
               vulgar
               seem
               vvith
               some
               reason
               to
               look
               upon
               learning
               as
               the
               Mistress
               of
               vice
               :
               But
               it
               is
               indeed
               the
               Directress
               to
               vertue
               ;
               if
               we
               use
               it
               as
               we
               ought
               ,
               and
               conjoyn
               it
               with
               wisdom
               ;
               to
               which
               learning
               should
               prepare
               our
               Minds
               ,
               but
               not
               seize
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               detain
               them
               to
               it self
               :
               For
               as
               there
               are
               some
               forts
               of
               Trees
               ,
               that
               will
               bear
               no
               fruit
               ,
               unless
               they
               are
               planted
               by
               other
               male
               ones
               (
               as
               I
               may
               call
               them
               )
               so
               will
               the
               Virgin
               Muses
               remain
               barren
               ,
               unless
               wedded
               to
               the
               Masculine
               strength
               of
               wisdom
               .
               To
               what
               end
               dost
               thou
               correct
               Tacitus
               ?
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               suffer
               so
               many
               Errata's
               in
               thine
               own
               life
               ?
               Why
               dost
               thou
               illustrate
               Tranquillus
               ?
               and
               yet
               permit
               thy self
               to
               be
               benighted
               
               vvith
               Errour
               ?
               Dost
               thou
               carefully
               expunge
               the
               faults
               out
               of
               Plautus
               ,
               vvhen
               thou
               sufferest
               thy
               Mind
               to
               be
               over-grown
               and
               neglected
               ?
               Espouse
               at
               the
               last
               more
               worthy
               designs
               ,
               and
               look
               after
               such
               a
               kind
               of
               learning
               as
               may
               serve
               ,
               not
               only
               for
               austentation
               and
               applause
               ,
               but
               also
               for
               use
               .
               Betake
               your self
               unto
               Wisdom
               which
               may
               reforme
               your
               manners
               ;
               calme
               and
               enlighten
               your
               troubled
               and
               dark
               Soul.
               For
               't
               is
               she
               alone
               that
               can
               fix
               upon
               you
               the
               impress
               of
               vertue
               ;
               and
               consigne
               you
               to
               Constancy
               ,
               and
               give
               you
               a
               free
               admission
               into
               the
               Temple
               of
               a
               good
               Mind
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Wisdom
                 is
                 not
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 wishes
                 ,
                 but
                 endeavours
                 .
                 The
                 discourse
                 of
                 Constancy
                 renew'd
                 .
                 The
                 desire
                 of
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 a
                 happy
                 presage
                 in
                 a
                 Young
                 Man.
                 
              
            
             
               THis
               admonition
               so
               inflam'd
               me
               ,
               that
               not
               able
               to
               dissemble
               it
               ;
               My
               Father
               said
               I
               ,
               with
               my
               Mind
               I
               follow
               you
               already
               ;
               but
               when
               shall
               I
               with
               my
               Actions
               also
               ?
               When
               shall
               that
               day
               appear
               ,
               which
               releasing
               me
               from
               these
               cares
               ,
               shall
               place
               me
               in
               the
               path
               of
               true
               vvisdom
               ;
               that
               thereby
               I
               may
               attain
               to
               true
               Constancy
               ?
               Langius
               as
               one
               reproving
               me
               .
               Do
               you
               then
               (
               said
               he
               )
               choose
               rather
               to
               wish
               ,
               than
               to
               act
               ?
               It
               is
               to
               no
               purpose
               at
               all
               ;
               and
               as
               the
               vulgar
               use
               to
               do
               .
               However
               Ceneus
               in
               the
               Fable
               was
               transformed
               from
               a
               Woman
               to
               
               a
               Man
               by
               wishing
               :
               Yet
               hope
               not
               you
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               to
               pass
               from
               a
               fool
               to
               a
               wise
               ,
               or
               from
               a
               wavering
               to
               a
               constant
               Man.
               It
               will
               concern
               you
               to
               use
               your
               utmost
               endeavour
               ,
               to
               turn
               every
               stone
               ,
               and
               that
               vvith
               an
               industrious
               diligence
               ;
               you
               must
               seek
               ,
               read
               ,
               and
               learn
               :
               Here
               interrupting
               him
               ,
               I
               know
               it
               Langius
               reply'd
               I
               ;
               but
               do
               you
               also
               I
               beseech
               you
               lend
               me
               your
               assistance
               ,
               and
               continue
               the
               thread
               of
               Yesterdays
               discourse
               ,
               vvhich
               our
               summons
               to
               supper
               did
               unhappily
               break
               off
               .
               Return
               I
               say
               unto
               Constancy
               ,
               vvhose
               intermitted
               rites
               ,
               it
               vvill
               be
               dangerous
               to
               deferre
               .
               Langius
               as
               refusing
               ,
               shall
               I
               again
               said
               he
               be
               shut
               up
               in
               that
               School
               ?
               I
               vvill
               not
               Lipsius
               ,
               at
               least
               not
               in
               this
               place
               ,
               vvhich
               you
               should
               consider
               I
               have
               devoted
               to
               my
               recreations
               and
               not
               to
               business
               ,
               another
               time
               vve
               will
               attend
               it
               .
               Yes
               at
               this
               time
               reply'd
               I
               ,
               for
               vvhat
               place
               is
               more
               fit
               for
               a
               discourse
               of
               vvisdom
               ,
               than
               
               this
               her
               dwelling
               ?
               I
               mean
               that
               Arbour
               ,
               vvhich
               to
               me
               seems
               a
               Temple
               ,
               and
               the
               little
               Table
               in
               it
               ,
               no
               other
               than
               an
               Altar
               ,
               at
               vvhich
               sitting
               down
               let
               us
               Sacrifice
               to
               the
               Goddess
               .
               Besides
               I
               take
               an
               Omen
               from
               the
               very
               place
               .
               What
               Omen
               (
               sayes
               Langius
               ?
               )
               'T
               is
               this
               faid
               I
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               who
               sits
               in
               a
               place
               where
               Odors
               and
               sweet
               Unguents
               are
               ,
               carrys
               along
               with
               him
               in
               his
               Garments
               the
               perfume
               and
               scent
               of
               the
               place
               :
               So
               I
               am
               not
               without
               hope
               ,
               that
               some
               Air
               and
               Odour
               of
               Wisdom
               may
               adhere
               unto
               my
               Mind
               ,
               by
               sitting
               in
               this
               her
               Store-house
               .
               I
               am
               afraid
               (
               sayes
               Langius
               smiling
               )
               there
               is
               but
               little
               of
               vveight
               in
               so
               light
               an
               Omen
               :
               Howsoever
               Lipsius
               let
               us
               set
               forward
               ,
               for
               not
               to
               dissemble
               with
               you
               ,
               this
               so
               ingenious
               heat
               of
               yours
               does
               excite
               and
               vvarm
               me
               too
               .
               And
               as
               the
               searchers
               after
               springs
               ,
               when
               in
               the
               Morning
               they
               observe
               a
               certain
               vapour
               exhailing
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               do
               forthwith
               conclude
               that
               there
               they
               shall
               meet
               vvith
               
               vvater
               :
               So
               have
               I
               hopes
               of
               a
               plentiful
               spring
               of
               vertue
               ,
               wheresoever
               I
               observe
               in
               Youth
               an
               early
               desire
               of
               knowledge
               to
               betray
               it self
               :
               And
               vvith
               this
               he
               ,
               led
               me
               into
               the
               Arbour
               ,
               and
               seated
               himself
               at
               the
               Table
               .
               But
               I
               first
               turning
               my self
               and
               calling
               to
               the
               Boyes
               ;
               stay
               there
               said
               I
               and
               vvaite
               ,
               but
               be
               sure
               you
               lock
               the
               door
               ,
               and
               observe
               vvhat
               I
               say
               ;
               upon
               your
               lives
               see
               that
               no
               Man
               ,
               nor
               Dog
               ,
               nor
               Woman
               enter
               ;
               no
               though
               good
               Fortune
               her self
               should
               come
               ;
               and
               vvith
               that
               I
               sat
               down
               .
               But
               Langius
               laughing
               out-right
               ,
               did
               you
               ever
               sway
               Scepter
               Lipsius
               (
               said
               he
               )
               so
               Princelike
               and
               so
               severe
               are
               your
               edicts
               ?
               Yesterdays
               misfortune
               (
               reply'd
               I
               )
               has
               dictated
               to
               me
               this
               necessary
               caution
               ,
               and
               now
               in
               Gods
               name
               proceed
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 A
                 third
                 Argument
                 for
                 Constancy
                 drawn
                 from
                 utility
                 :
                 Calamities
                 are
                 good
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Original
                 and
                 End.
                 Their
                 Original
                 is
                 from
                 God
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 eternally
                 and
                 immutably
                 good
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 any
                 Evil.
                 
              
            
             
               LAngius
               without
               any
               considerable
               pawse
               thus
               began
               .
               In
               my
               discourse
               of
               Constancy
               it
               is
               fit
               I
               be
               constant
               ,
               I
               shall
               therefore
               observe
               the
               same
               order
               and
               method
               vvhich
               Yesterday
               I
               propounded
               .
               Then
               (
               as
               you
               know
               )
               I
               form'd
               Four
               Squadrons
               (
               as
               I
               call
               them
               )
               to
               fight
               in
               its
               behalf
               against
               grief
               and
               dejectedness
               ,
               The
               two
               former
               of
               these
               ,
               from
               Providence
               and
               Necessity
               ;
               I
               have
               already
               drawn
               forth
               ,
               and
               have
               sufficiently
               evinc'd
               that
               publick
               evils
               are
               sent
               down
               from
               God
               ;
               as
               also
               that
               they
               are
               necessary
               
               and
               impossible
               to
               be
               declin'd
               .
               I
               shall
               now
               therefore
               bring
               up
               my
               Third
               Squadron
               led
               by
               Utility
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               may
               truly
               call
               the
               Legion
               Adjutrix
               ,
               a
               Valiant
               and
               subtile
               power
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               know
               not
               how
               doth
               convey
               and
               insinuate
               it self
               into
               the
               Minds
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               pleasing
               kind
               of
               violence
               so
               overcomes
               them
               ,
               as
               that
               themselves
               are
               not
               unwilling
               to
               be
               conquer'd
               .
               It
               rather
               gains
               upon
               us
               by
               degrees
               ,
               than
               by
               violent
               impressions
               ,
               and
               rather
               perswades
               than
               compells
               us
               .
               For
               we
               as
               readily
               permit
               our selves
               to
               be
               led
               by
               Utility
               ,
               as
               drawn
               by
               Necessity
               .
               This
               Lipsius
               I
               now
               oppose
               against
               you
               and
               your
               failing
               troops
               .
               For
               these
               publick
               evils
               vvhich
               we
               suffer
               are
               profitable
               ,
               and
               contribute
               much
               to
               our
               inward
               advantage
               .
               Did
               I
               call
               them
               Evils
               ?
               They
               are
               rather
               goods
               ;
               if
               removing
               this
               veil
               of
               Opinion
               ,
               we
               have
               a
               due
               recourse
               unto
               their
               Original
               and
               End
               ;
               of
               vvhich
               the
               former
               is
               from
               good
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               is
               for
               good
               .
               For
               
               the
               Original
               of
               these
               Calamities
               (
               as
               Yesterday
               I
               sufficiently
               prov'd
               )
               is
               certainly
               from
               God
               :
               That
               is
               ,
               not
               only
               from
               the
               chiefest
               good
               it self
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               Author
               ,
               cause
               ,
               and
               Fountain
               of
               all
               other
               good
               vvhatsoever
               ;
               from
               vvhom
               it
               is
               as
               utterly
               impossible
               that
               any
               evil
               should
               proceed
               ,
               as
               that
               himself
               should
               be
               evil
               .
               That
               power
               is
               only
               benign
               and
               healthful
               ,
               equally
               despising
               to
               receive
               and
               to
               do
               vvrong
               ,
               and
               vvhose
               sole
               and
               chief
               prerogative
               it
               is
               to
               benefit
               .
               And
               therefore
               those
               ancient
               and
               blinder
               sort
               of
               Men
               ,
               conceiving
               something
               of
               the
               supream
               Being
               in
               their
               Minds
               ;
               did
               rightly
               give
               him
               his
               Name
               from
               helping
               .
               Suppose
               you
               that
               he
               is
               exasperated
               ,
               and
               that
               as
               one
               in
               a
               passion
               ,
               he
               hurles
               down
               these
               evils
               as
               so
               many
               deadly
               Arrows
               upon
               mankind
               ?
               No.
               Anger
               and
               Revenge
               are
               humane
               Affections
               ,
               and
               being
               the
               effects
               of
               vveakness
               ,
               are
               found
               only
               amongst
               the
               infirme
               .
               But
               that
               excellent
               
               Being
               doth
               eternally
               persever
               in
               its
               benignity
               ,
               and
               those
               very
               severities
               vvhich
               vve
               tast
               off
               from
               him
               ,
               are
               only
               as
               Medicines
               ;
               sharp
               and
               bitter
               to
               the
               sense
               ,
               but
               healthful
               in
               their
               issue
               and
               events
               .
               That
               Homer
               
                 of
                 Philosophers
                 said
                 rightly
                 God
                 doth
                 no
                 evil
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 cannot
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 any
                 .
                 But
                 better
                 and
                 more
                 fully
                 that
                 wise
                 one
                 of
                 ours
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 ods
                 doing
                 good
                 ?
                 Their
                 Nature
                 .
                 He
                 errs
                 that
                 imagines
                 they
                 are
                 either
                 desirous
                 or
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 hurt
                 .
                 As
                 they
                 cannot
                 receive
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 can
                 they
                 do
                 an
                 injury
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 honor
                 that
                 we
                 owe
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 is
                 to
                 ascribe
                 Majesty
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 goodness
                 without
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Majesty
                 .
                 To
                 know
                 they
                 are
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 preside
                 over
                 the
                 world
                 ;
                 who
                 govern
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 their
                 own
                 ;
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Guardians
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 every
                 particular
                 person
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 evil
                 is
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 neither
                 doth
                 any
                 proceed
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 end
                 of
                 Calamities
                 alwayes
                 directed
                 to
                 good
                 ;
                 though
                 often
                 administred
                 by
                 wicked
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 evil
                 ends
                 .
                 The
                 force
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 broken
                 and
                 allay'd
                 by
                 God.
                 All
                 things
                 are
                 guided
                 to
                 our
                 advantage
                 .
                 VVhy
                 God
                 uses
                 wicked
                 Men
                 as
                 his
                 Instruments
                 therein
                 .
              
            
             
               CAlamities
               then
               are
               good
               in
               their
               Original
               ;
               they
               are
               so
               also
               in
               their
               End
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               alwayes
               directed
               to
               our
               good
               .
               You
               vvill
               say
               vvhich
               vvay
               ?
               Is
               not
               mischief
               and
               ruine
               the
               manifest
               end
               of
               Warr
               and
               Slaughter
               ?
               It
               is
               I
               confess
               if
               you
               look
               at
               Men
               ,
               but
               not
               if
               you
               look
               upon
               God.
               That
               you
               may
               the
               more
               clearly
               apprehend
               this
               ,
               It
               vvill
               be
               requisite
               thus
               to
               distinguish
               of
               divine
               punishments
               ;
               some
               are
               simple
               and
               others
               are
               mixt
               :
               Those
               
               I
               call
               simple
               vvhich
               are
               immediately
               from
               God
               ;
               vvithout
               the
               intervening
               of
               any
               humane
               Contrivance
               or
               Assistance
               :
               The
               mixt
               ,
               are
               such
               as
               are
               from
               God
               too
               ;
               but
               acted
               and
               performed
               by
               Men.
               Of
               the
               former
               kind
               are
               Famine
               ,
               Barrenness
               ,
               Earth-quakes
               ,
               Inundations
               ,
               Diseases
               ,
               and
               Death
               :
               Of
               the
               latter
               ,
               Tyrannies
               ,
               Warres
               ,
               Oppressions
               ,
               Slaughters
               .
               The
               first
               sort
               are
               pure
               and
               innocent
               ,
               as
               being
               deriv'd
               to
               us
               from
               the
               purest
               Fountain
               :
               In
               the
               other
               I
               vvill
               not
               deny
               ,
               but
               there
               is
               some
               mixture
               of
               filth
               ,
               inasmuch
               as
               they
               pass
               through
               ,
               and
               are
               convey'd
               to
               us
               by
               the
               impure
               Channels
               of
               Affections
               .
               Man
               intermeddles
               therein
               ,
               and
               then
               vvhat
               vvonder
               is
               it
               ,
               if
               Sin
               and
               corruption
               do
               discover
               it self
               ?
               That
               is
               the
               vvonder
               that
               such
               is
               the
               merciful
               Providence
               of
               God
               ,
               as
               can
               convert
               that
               poyson
               into
               Medicine
               ,
               and
               that
               Sin
               into
               good
               .
               See
               you
               that
               Tyrant
               there
               ,
               who
               breaths
               out
               nothing
               but
               threatnings
               and
               slaughter
               ,
               
               vvhose
               delights
               are
               in
               doing
               mischief
               ,
               and
               vvho
               could
               be
               content
               to
               perish
               himself
               ,
               provided
               he
               might
               thereby
               accomplish
               the
               destruction
               of
               others
               :
               Let
               him
               alone
               a
               while
               ,
               he
               shall
               fail
               in
               his
               designes
               ;
               and
               God
               by
               a
               secret
               and
               indiscernible
               thread
               (
               vvhile
               he
               thinks
               and
               vvills
               nothing
               less
               )
               shall
               guide
               him
               to
               his
               end
               .
               As
               the
               Arrow
               vvithout
               any
               sense
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               arrives
               at
               that
               mark
               vvhich
               the
               Archer
               intended
               ;
               so
               do
               vvicked
               Men.
               For
               that
               supream
               power
               doth
               inhibit
               and
               restrain
               all
               humane
               powers
               ,
               directing
               and
               disposing
               all
               their
               vvandring
               steps
               unto
               that
               best
               end
               of
               his
               .
               As
               in
               an
               Army
               the
               Souldiers
               are
               variously
               affected
               ;
               spoile
               encourages
               this
               ,
               glory
               him
               ,
               and
               hatred
               that
               other
               ;
               but
               all
               fight
               for
               their
               Prince
               and
               Victory
               :
               So
               every
               of
               these
               wills
               of
               ours
               ,
               whether
               they
               are
               good
               or
               evil
               ,
               serve
               under
               ,
               and
               fight
               for
               God
               ,
               and
               amidst
               the
               greatest
               variety
               of
               their
               own
               designed
               ends
               ,
               do
               at
               last
               touch
               upon
               this
               (
               as
               I
               may
               so
               call
               it
               )
               
               End
               of
               Ends.
               But
               you
               vvill
               say
               vvhy
               does
               God
               use
               the
               help
               of
               the
               vvicked
               ?
               Why
               does
               not
               he
               himself
               send
               that
               better
               sort
               of
               Calamities
               amongst
               us
               ;
               at
               least
               the
               worser
               by
               more
               desirable
               instruments
               ?
               Thou
               art
               over
               curiously
               inquisitive
               O
               Man
               :
               Neither
               am
               I
               certain
               vvhether
               I
               am
               able
               to
               explain
               these
               Mysteries
               of
               Providence
               .
               But
               this
               I
               know
               ,
               that
               he
               sufficiently
               comprehends
               the
               reason
               of
               his
               actings
               ;
               even
               at
               such
               times
               as
               we
               are
               not
               able
               to
               discern
               the
               least
               of
               it
               in
               them
               .
               But
               vvhat
               is
               it
               that
               appears
               so
               strange
               ,
               and
               unusual
               to
               us
               ?
               The
               Ruler
               of
               a
               Province
               condemnes
               a
               malefactour
               according
               to
               the
               Laws
               ;
               and
               commits
               the
               Execution
               of
               his
               Sentence
               to
               Brutianus
               or
               the
               Lictor
               .
               The
               Father
               of
               a
               great
               Family
               sometimes
               corrects
               his
               Son
               himself
               ;
               at
               others
               commits
               it
               to
               the
               care
               of
               a
               Servant
               or
               Tutor
               .
               Why
               should
               not
               God
               have
               the
               same
               liberty
               ?
               Why
               should
               not
               he
               vvhen
               he
               so
               pleases
               chastise
               us
               vvith
               his
               own
               hand
               ?
               And
               
               when
               he
               sees
               it
               good
               vvith
               anothers
               .
               There
               is
               no
               wrong
               or
               injury
               done
               to
               us
               in
               all
               this
               .
               Does
               that
               Servant
               hate
               you
               ?
               Doth
               he
               come
               vvith
               a
               Mind
               to
               do
               you
               a
               mischief
               ?
               It
               matters
               not
               ,
               overlooking
               the
               instrument
               of
               vvhat
               you
               suffer
               :
               Look
               back
               to
               the
               Mind
               of
               him
               that
               hath
               commanded
               it
               .
               For
               assuredly
               the
               Father
               that
               requires
               it
               stands
               by
               ;
               nor
               will
               he
               suffer
               one
               stripe
               to
               be
               superadded
               to
               what
               himself
               hath
               prescribed
               .
               But
               you
               ask
               again
               ;
               why
               is
               Sin
               here
               immixed
               ?
               and
               why
               are
               these
               divine
               Arrowes
               dipp'd
               in
               the
               poyson
               of
               Affections
               ?
               You
               put
               me
               upon
               a
               difficult
               task
               ,
               which
               yet
               I
               shall
               adventure
               upon
               ;
               and
               my
               answer
               is
               ,
               that
               God
               may
               declare
               his
               Wisdom
               and
               Power
               .
               They
               are
               St.
               Austine's
               words
               ;
               he
               judg'd
               it
               better
               to
               make
               evils
               good
               ,
               than
               to
               permit
               no
               evills
               at
               all
               .
               For
               vvhat
               greater
               instance
               can
               there
               be
               of
               Wisdom
               and
               Goodness
               ,
               than
               to
               bring
               good
               out
               of
               evil
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               those
               things
               Conspire
               
               our
               welfare
               ,
               which
               were
               found
               out
               for
               our
               ruine
               .
               You
               commend
               that
               Physitian
               who
               successefully
               mixes
               his
               Treacle
               with
               a
               Viper
               .
               And
               why
               should
               you
               resent
               it
               in
               God
               ,
               if
               vvith
               this
               Plaister
               of
               Calamities
               ,
               he
               shall
               intermixe
               something
               that
               is
               hurtfull
               ,
               vvithout
               any
               damage
               of
               yours
               .
               For
               he
               doth
               certainly
               decoct
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               adhering
               poyson
               ,
               by
               the
               secret
               fire
               of
               his
               Providence
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               this
               magnifyes
               his
               power
               and
               glory
               ;
               to
               vvhich
               all
               things
               are
               by
               himself
               of
               Necessity
               referr'd
               .
               For
               vvhat
               can
               more
               lively
               express
               his
               power
               than
               this
               ?
               That
               he
               not
               only
               overcomes
               those
               Enemies
               that
               wrastle
               with
               him
               ;
               but
               also
               overcomes
               them
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               ,
               as
               brings
               them
               over
               to
               himself
               ,
               and
               causes
               them
               to
               take
               Armes
               in
               the
               pursuance
               of
               his
               Victories
               :
               Which
               every
               day
               comes
               to
               pass
               ,
               vvhen
               the
               vvill
               of
               God
               is
               done
               by
               evill
               Men
               ,
               though
               not
               of
               them
               ;
               since
               he
               so
               manages
               all
               those
               things
               which
               
               the
               vvicked
               do
               in
               opposition
               to
               his
               vvill
               ;
               that
               none
               of
               them
               are
               besides
               his
               will.
               And
               vvhat
               greater
               miracle
               can
               there
               be
               ,
               than
               that
               vvicked
               Men
               should
               make
               vvicked
               Men
               good
               ?
               Approach
               thou
               
                 Cajus
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               and
               at
               once
               tread
               under
               Foot
               the
               two
               Sacred
               Names
               of
               thy
               County
               ,
               and
               Son
               in
               Law.
               This
               thy
               ambition
               vvithout
               thy
               knowledge
               shall
               be
               subservient
               to
               God
               ;
               yes
               to
               thy
               Country
               it self
               ,
               against
               vvhich
               it
               vvas
               taken
               up
               :
               For
               it
               shall
               prove
               the
               reparation
               and
               establishment
               of
               the
               Roman
               State.
               Thou
               Attila
               fly
               from
               the
               remotest
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               thirsting
               after
               blood
               and
               spoile
               ,
               Sack
               ,
               kill
               ,
               burn
               ,
               and
               wast
               ;
               all
               this
               cruelty
               shall
               fight
               for
               God
               ,
               and
               prove
               nothing
               else
               but
               an
               awakening
               of
               the
               Christians
               from
               slumbring
               in
               the
               Beds
               of
               Pleasure
               and
               Security
               .
               You
               two
               Vespasians
               what
               do
               you
               ?
               Ruine
               Iudea
               and
               the
               Jews
               :
               Take
               ,
               and
               raze
               the
               whole
               City
               ;
               but
               for
               what
               end
               ?
               As
               you
               indeed
               intend
               
               it
               ;
               for
               the
               glory
               and
               enlargement
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               but
               you
               mistake
               your selves
               ,
               you
               are
               only
               the
               Lictours
               and
               Executioners
               of
               the
               divine
               vengeance
               upon
               an
               impious
               Nation
               .
               Go
               ye
               vvho
               possibly
               have
               martyr'd
               the
               Christians
               at
               Rome
               ,
               and
               revenge
               the
               Death
               of
               Christ
               in
               Iudaea
               .
               All
               ages
               are
               full
               of
               such
               examples
               ,
               how
               God
               by
               the
               sinful
               desires
               of
               some
               Men
               hath
               accomplished
               his
               own
               good
               pleasure
               ;
               and
               by
               the
               injustice
               of
               others
               ,
               hath
               executed
               his
               own
               just
               and
               righteous
               Judgments
               .
               Let
               us
               therefore
               Lipsius
               rather
               admire
               than
               busily
               pry
               into
               this
               recluded
               Power
               of
               his
               Wisdom
               ,
               and
               let
               us
               know
               ,
               that
               all
               sorts
               of
               Calamities
               are
               good
               in
               their
               events
               :
               Although
               this
               Mind
               of
               ours
               be
               so
               blind
               as
               not
               to
               discern
               it
               ,
               or
               so
               flow
               in
               its
               apprehensions
               as
               not
               to
               reach
               and
               comprehend
               it
               .
               For
               their
               true
               ends
               are
               oftentimes
               obscure
               as
               to
               us
               ;
               to
               vvhich
               notwithstanding
               (
               though
               vve
               are
               ignorant
               )
               
               they
               at
               last
               arrive
               :
               not
               unlike
               those
               Rivers
               vvhich
               though
               they
               retire
               from
               our
               sight
               ,
               and
               creep
               under
               ground
               ,
               do
               nevertheless
               find
               the
               vvay
               to
               pour
               themselves
               into
               the
               bosoms
               of
               their
               own
               Seas
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
            
             
               
                 More
                 distinctly
                 of
                 the
                 Ends
                 themselves
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Three-fold
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 whom
                 each
                 belongs
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 End
                 ,
                 vvhich
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 the
                 Good.
                 It
                 is
                 advantageous
                 three
                 wayes
                 .
                 It
                 strengthens
                 them
                 ;
                 tryes
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fits
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 exemplary
                 to
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               IF
               I
               may
               therefore
               hoise
               Sail
               and
               pass
               on
               further
               into
               this
               depth
               of
               divine
               matters
               ;
               I
               may
               possibly
               discover
               some
               things
               more
               fully
               and
               distinctly
               
               concerning
               the
               Ends
               themselves
               .
               But
               it
               is
               fit
               I
               should
               preface
               an
               attempt
               of
               this
               Nature
               vvith
               that
               of
               Homer
               ,
            
             
               
                 If
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 me
                 ,
              
               
                 Or
                 the
                 thing
                 it self
                 can
                 be
                 .
              
            
             
               For
               there
               are
               some
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               methinks
               I
               am
               able
               with
               some
               certainty
               to
               comprehend
               and
               point
               out
               ,
               but
               there
               are
               others
               vvhich
               I
               can
               only
               rove
               and
               guess
               at
               .
               Of
               the
               more
               apparent
               ones
               ,
               are
               these
               three
               ;
               to
               Exercise
               ,
               Chastise
               ,
               and
               Punish
               us
               .
               For
               if
               you
               observe
               it
               ,
               the
               most
               usual
               and
               ordinary
               calamities
               do
               either
               exercise
               the
               good
               ,
               or
               chastise
               the
               offending
               ,
               or
               punish
               the
               wicked
               ;
               and
               all
               this
               for
               our
               good
               .
               For
               (
               to
               illustrate
               and
               dwell
               awhile
               upon
               the
               first
               End
               )
               we
               daily
               see
               the
               best
               Men
               either
               press'd
               by
               calamities
               singly
               and
               apart
               by
               themselves
               ;
               or
               else
               inclosed
               by
               them
               ,
               in
               society
               with
               the
               wicked
               .
               We
               observe
               and
               vvonder
               at
               it
               ;
               
               as
               neither
               sufficiently
               comprehending
               the
               cause
               ;
               nor
               rightly
               considering
               the
               End.
               Now
               the
               cause
               is
               the
               love
               of
               God
               towards
               us
               ,
               not
               his
               hate
               ;
               and
               the
               End
               is
               not
               our
               hurt
               ,
               but
               our
               benefit
               .
               For
               this
               exercise
               doth
               advantage
               us
               more
               wayes
               than
               one
               :
               It
               strengthens
               us
               ,
               it
               tryes
               us
               ,
               and
               it
               fits
               us
               to
               lead
               on
               others
               .
               It
               strengthens
               us
               ,
               being
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               that
               School
               ;
               vvherein
               God
               trains
               up
               his
               in
               Fortitude
               and
               Virtue
               .
               We
               see
               vvrastlers
               inure
               themselves
               to
               sharp
               Tryals
               ;
               that
               they
               may
               overcome
               at
               last
               :
               think
               the
               same
               of
               us
               in
               this
               School
               of
               Afflictions
               .
               For
               that
               great
               Master
               of
               ours
               is
               a
               sharp
               and
               severe
               exerciser
               of
               us
               ;
               and
               exacts
               our
               labours
               and
               patience
               not
               only
               unto
               sweat
               but
               blood
               :
               Suppose
               you
               that
               he
               fondly
               trains
               up
               his
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               eherishes
               them
               in
               the
               soft
               blandishments
               of
               pleasure
               and
               delight
               ?
               No.
               They
               are
               Mothers
               vvhich
               soften
               and
               enervate
               their
               children
               ,
               by
               an
               over-tenderness
               
               in
               their
               education
               ;
               but
               Fathers
               vvho
               preserve
               them
               ,
               by
               acquainting
               them
               vvith
               hardship
               .
               Now
               God
               is
               our
               Father
               ,
               and
               therefore
               as
               he
               doth
               truly
               so
               he
               severel
               loves
               us
               .
               If
               you
               would
               be
               a
               Pilot
               ,
               you
               must
               be
               brought
               up
               amongst
               stormes
               ;
               if
               a
               Souldier
               ,
               you
               must
               be
               trained
               up
               in
               dangers
               ;
               and
               if
               you
               would
               be
               truly
               a
               Man
               ,
               vvhy
               do
               you
               start
               at
               afflictions
               ,
               since
               there
               is
               no
               other
               vvay
               to
               acquire
               strength
               .
               Do
               you
               see
               those
               languishing
               and
               retir'd
               Bodies
               ,
               whom
               the
               Sun
               seldom
               looks
               upon
               ,
               the
               vvind
               never
               assails
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               piercing
               air
               never
               lights
               upon
               ;
               the
               Minds
               of
               those
               soft
               and
               ever
               happy
               Men
               ,
               are
               such
               as
               the
               least
               gust
               of
               an
               angry
               Fortune
               vvill
               overturn
               and
               dissolve
               .
               Afflictions
               then
               do
               strengthen
               us
               ,
               and
               as
               trees
               fasten
               their
               roots
               the
               deeper
               by
               how
               much
               the
               more
               they
               are
               shaken
               with
               the
               Winds
               ;
               so
               good
               Men
               become
               the
               more
               fixed
               in
               vertue
               ,
               when
               attempted
               by
               the
               storms
               of
               adversity
               .
               Afflictions
               
               do
               also
               prove
               and
               try
               us
               ;
               for
               otherwise
               how
               shall
               any
               Man
               be
               able
               to
               judge
               of
               his
               firmness
               and
               proficiency
               ?
               If
               a
               prosperous
               vvind
               do
               ever
               fill
               the
               Sail
               ,
               the
               Pilot
               has
               no
               opportunity
               to
               display
               his
               skill
               ;
               and
               if
               all
               things
               still
               evenly
               and
               happily
               succeed
               to
               Man
               ,
               he
               shall
               lose
               the
               glory
               of
               his
               vertue
               ;
               for
               the
               only
               undeceivable
               touch-stone
               of
               it
               ,
               is
               affliction
               .
               
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 gallant
                 Speech
                 of
              
               Demetrius
               :
               
                 Nothing
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 more
                 unhappy
                 than
                 that
                 Man
                 who
                 ha's
                 never
                 tasted
                 of
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 true
                 .
              
               For
               our
               Great
               General
               doth
               not
               exempt
               such
               Men
               ,
               but
               distrusts
               them
               ;
               he
               doth
               not
               indulge
               ,
               but
               discards
               and
               contemns
               them
               .
               He
               rases
               I
               say
               their
               names
               out
               of
               the
               Muster
               Rolls
               of
               his
               Legions
               ,
               as
               a
               sort
               of
               feeble
               and
               unserviceable
               persons
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               they
               adapt
               us
               to
               lead
               on
               others
               ;
               for
               the
               courage
               and
               patience
               of
               good
               Men
               in
               their
               sufferings
               ,
               is
               a
               light
               to
               this
               benighted
               World.
               They
               invite
               
               others
               by
               their
               example
               to
               the
               same
               things
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               were
               trace
               out
               a
               path
               of
               vertue
               for
               them
               to
               walk
               in
               .
               Bias
               lost
               at
               once
               his
               Fortunes
               and
               his
               Country
               ;
               but
               he
               yet
               calls
               out
               to
               Men
               ,
               that
               they
               be
               sure
               to
               carry
               all
               their
               Treasure
               about
               them
               .
               Regulus
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               his
               Torments
               unworthily
               expir'd
               ;
               But
               that
               excellent
               and
               noble
               example
               of
               promise
               keeping
               doth
               yet
               survive
               .
               Papinianus
               is
               slain
               by
               the
               Tyrant
               ;
               but
               his
               Axe
               hath
               taught
               us
               securely
               to
               abide
               it
               ,
               when
               we
               must
               dye
               in
               the
               maintenance
               of
               Justice
               .
               To
               conclude
               ,
               there
               are
               a
               number
               of
               most
               admirable
               Persons
               ,
               that
               through
               violence
               or
               injustice
               ,
               have
               been
               banished
               or
               slain
               :
               but
               from
               those
               Rivers
               of
               blood
               ;
               we
               daily
               suck
               and
               drink
               in
               our
               improvements
               in
               Constancy
               and
               Vertue
               :
               All
               which
               notwithstanding
               would
               for
               ever
               have
               been
               concealed
               in
               darkness
               ,
               were
               it
               not
               for
               this
               Torch
               of
               afflictions
               .
               For
               as
               Spices
               do
               every
               way
               emit
               and
               disperse
               
               their
               Odours
               when
               they
               are
               pounded
               ;
               so
               Vertue
               doth
               then
               chiefly
               display
               her
               Glories
               ,
               when
               she
               is
               oppressed
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Chastisement
                 ,
                 the
                 Second
                 End.
                 That
                 it
                 avails
                 us
                 two
                 wayes
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               Second
               End
               is
               to
               Chastise
               us
               ,
               than
               vvhich
               there
               could
               not
               be
               a
               more
               gentle
               or
               effectual
               means
               found
               out
               for
               our
               preservation
               .
               For
               it
               benefits
               and
               preserves
               us
               two
               wayes
               ,
               either
               as
               a
               scourge
               ,
               vvhen
               vve
               have
               offended
               ,
               or
               as
               a
               Bridle
               lest
               vve
               should
               offend
               .
               As
               a
               scourge
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               the
               hand
               of
               a
               Father
               vvhich
               often
               corrects
               an
               offendor
               for
               his
               faults
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               an
               Executioner
               ,
               that
               slowly
               and
               only
               once
               punishes
               .
               As
               vve
               use
               
               fire
               or
               vvater
               for
               the
               cleansing
               and
               purging
               away
               of
               filth
               and
               dross
               :
               So
               doth
               God
               make
               use
               of
               afflictions
               to
               take
               away
               that
               of
               our
               sins
               .
               And
               it
               is
               deservedly
               a
               scourge
               upon
               us
               at
               this
               time
               Lipsius
               ;
               for
               vve
               Belgians
               had
               before
               offended
               ;
               and
               being
               corrupted
               vvith
               vvealth
               and
               pleasures
               ,
               vve
               Ran
               on
               Headlong
               in
               the
               Way
               of
               Vice.
               But
               our
               God
               gently
               warnes
               and
               recalls
               us
               ;
               and
               scourges
               us
               with
               some
               stripes
               ,
               that
               forewarned
               by
               these
               ,
               we
               may
               return
               to
               our selves
               and
               to
               him
               .
               He
               takes
               away
               our
               Estates
               ,
               we
               abused
               them
               to
               Luxury
               ;
               our
               liberty
               ,
               because
               we
               enlarg'd
               it
               to
               licentiousness
               ?
               And
               vvith
               this
               gentle
               Ferula
               of
               Calamities
               ,
               he
               doth
               (
               as
               it
               were
               )
               expiate
               and
               purge
               away
               our
               offences
               .
               A
               gentle
               one
               indeed
               ,
               for
               how
               slight
               a
               satisfaction
               is
               this
               ?
               They
               say
               the
               Persians
               when
               they
               are
               to
               punish
               some
               Illustrious
               and
               great
               Person
               ,
               use
               to
               stripp
               him
               of
               his
               Robes
               and
               Tiara
               ;
               and
               hanging
               them
               up
               
               they
               scourge
               these
               instead
               of
               the
               Man
               :
               So
               doth
               this
               Father
               of
               ours
               ,
               vvho
               in
               every
               of
               his
               chastisements
               overpasses
               us
               ,
               and
               touches
               onely
               upon
               our
               Bodies
               ,
               our
               Lands
               ,
               our
               Goods
               ,
               and
               our
               ourward
               Enjoyments
               .
               This
               Chastisement
               serves
               us
               also
               for
               a
               bridle
               ,
               vvhich
               he
               opportunely
               casts
               over
               us
               ,
               when
               he
               sees
               vve
               are
               about
               to
               offend
               .
               As
               Physitians
               do
               sometimes
               advisedly
               breath
               a
               vein
               ,
               not
               because
               we
               are
               sick
               ,
               but
               that
               we
               may
               not
               be
               ;
               so
               by
               these
               Calamities
               God
               doth
               vvithdraw
               from
               us
               some
               such
               things
               ,
               as
               would
               otherwise
               become
               incentives
               and
               fewel
               to
               our
               Vices
               .
               For
               he
               vvho
               gave
               a
               being
               to
               all
               things
               doth
               vvell
               understand
               their
               Natures
               ;
               nor
               doth
               he
               judge
               of
               their
               Diseases
               ,
               by
               the
               Complexion
               and
               Pulse
               ;
               but
               by
               the
               Heart
               and
               Reins
               .
               Doth
               he
               see
               the
               Genius
               of
               the
               Hetrurians
               to
               be
               over-haughty
               and
               raised
               ?
               He
               rules
               them
               by
               a
               Prince
               :
               The
               Helvetians
               
               easy
               and
               quiet
               ?
               He
               indulges
               them
               liberty
               :
               The
               Venetians
               of
               a
               temper
               betwixt
               both
               ?
               He
               fits
               them
               vvith
               a
               middle
               vvay
               of
               Government
               ;
               and
               vvill
               possibly
               change
               all
               these
               hereafter
               ;
               as
               the
               persons
               shall
               vary
               their
               Conditions
               .
               Nevertheless
               ,
               we
               complain
               ,
               and
               vvhy
               (
               say
               vve
               )
               are
               vve
               longer
               harras'd
               vvith
               vvar
               than
               others
               ?
               and
               vvhy
               are
               vve
               crush'd
               under
               a
               heavier
               Yoke
               of
               servitude
               ?
               Thou
               Fool
               ,
               and
               now
               really
               sick
               !
               Art
               thou
               vviser
               than
               thy
               Maker
               ?
               Tell
               me
               vvhy
               doth
               the
               Physitian
               prescribe
               more
               Wormwood
               or
               Hellebore
               for
               this
               than
               for
               that
               Man
               ?
               Is
               it
               not
               because
               his
               Disease
               or
               Constitution
               requires
               it
               ?
               Think
               the
               same
               here
               ;
               possibly
               he
               sees
               this
               people
               more
               stubborn
               ,
               and
               therefore
               to
               be
               subdued
               by
               stripes
               ;
               that
               other
               more
               tractable
               and
               apt
               to
               be
               reduced
               with
               the
               shaking
               of
               the
               Rod.
               But
               you
               do
               not
               think
               so
               :
               It
               may
               be
               so
               .
               Our
               Parents
               vvill
               not
               trust
               a
               Knife
               or
               
               Sword
               in
               the
               Hand
               of
               their
               Child
               (
               though
               he
               cry
               for
               it
               )
               as
               foreseeing
               his
               hurt
               .
               Why
               then
               should
               God
               indulge
               us
               to
               our
               destruction
               ;
               since
               vve
               are
               truly
               Children
               ,
               and
               neither
               know
               how
               to
               ask
               those
               things
               which
               are
               expedient
               for
               us
               ;
               nor
               how
               to
               part
               vvith
               those
               that
               will
               be
               fatal
               to
               us
               ?
               You
               may
               therefore
               lament
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               as
               you
               please
               ,
               but
               you
               shall
               notwithstanding
               drink
               of
               that
               cup
               of
               sorrowes
               ,
               vvhich
               that
               Heavenly
               Physitian
               presents
               you
               with
               ,
               and
               vvhich
               he
               hath
               (
               not
               unadvisedly
               )
               filled
               so
               full
               for
               you
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 punishment
                 the
                 Third
                 End
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 both
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 him
                 that
                 is
                 punished
                 .
              
            
             
               PUnishment
               I
               confess
               respects
               evil
               Men
               ,
               but
               is
               no
               evil
               it self
               .
               For
               First
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               if
               you
               respect
               God
               ,
               whose
               eternal
               and
               immoveable
               law
               of
               Justice
               doth
               require
               that
               the
               crimes
               of
               Men
               be
               either
               amended
               ,
               or
               removed
               out
               of
               the
               vvay
               .
               Now
               chastisement
               amends
               those
               that
               can
               be
               vvashed
               out
               ;
               and
               those
               vvhich
               cannot
               ,
               punishment
               takes
               away
               .
               It
               is
               good
               also
               in
               respect
               of
               Men
               ,
               amongst
               vvhom
               no
               society
               could
               stand
               and
               continue
               ;
               if
               all
               things
               vvere
               permitted
               vvith
               impunity
               to
               turbulent
               and
               desperate
               spirits
               .
               As
               the
               punishment
               of
               petty
               Thieves
               and
               Murtherers
               ,
               
               conduces
               to
               every
               Mans
               private
               security
               :
               So
               does
               that
               of
               the
               greater
               and
               most
               famous
               ones
               to
               that
               of
               the
               publick
               welfare
               .
               Those
               divine
               animadversions
               upon
               Tyrants
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               riflers
               of
               the
               World
               ought
               necessarily
               sometimes
               to
               intervene
               ,
               that
               there
               may
               be
               examples
               to
               admonish
               us
               ,
            
             
               —
               That
               there
               is
               a
               wakeful
               Eye
            
             
               Of
               justice
               ,
               which
               doth
               all
               descry
               .
            
             
               And
               vvhich
               to
               other
               Potentates
               and
               people
               may
               cry
               out
               ,
            
             
               —
               Thus
               warn'd
               by
               others
               miseries
               ,
            
             
               Learn
               justice
               and
               the
               Gods
               not
               to
               despise
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               good
               :
               Thirdly
               ,
               if
               you
               consider
               those
               very
               persons
               that
               are
               punished
               .
               For
               it
               is
               for
               their
               sakes
               ;
               since
               it
               is
               not
               so
               properly
               a
               revenge
               ,
               or
               an
               utterly
               destroying
               judgement
               ,
               as
               a
               gentle
               cohibition
               and
               restraint
               from
               
               Sin
               ,
               or
               to
               speak
               it
               fully
               vvith
               the
               Graecians
               a
               punishment
               not
               a
               revenge
               ,
               for
               that
               Gracious
               Diety
            
             
               Never
               consults
               his
               Anger
               that
               from
               thence
            
             
               He
               may
               severest
               punishments
               dispense
               .
            
             
               As
               that
               Impious
               Poet
               said
               piously
               .
               As
               Death
               is
               sometimes
               sent
               in
               Mercy
               to
               good
               Men
               before
               they
               sin
               :
               So
               to
               the
               incorrigeable
               vvicked
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               their
               Sins
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               so
               devoted
               to
               them
               ,
               that
               unless
               they
               be
               cut
               off
               ,
               they
               cannot
               be
               divorced
               .
               God
               therefore
               stops
               their
               unbridled
               course
               ,
               and
               vvhile
               they
               are
               commiting
               sin
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               and
               designing
               others
               for
               the
               future
               ;
               he
               mercifully
               takes
               them
               away
               .
               To
               conclude
               all
               punishment
               is
               good
               ,
               as
               it
               respects
               justice
               ,
               as
               on
               the
               contrary
               impunity
               is
               evil
               ,
               which
               makes
               Men
               sinful
               ,
               that
               is
               miserable
               Men
               to
               continue
               so
               longer
               .
               Boetius
               
                 said
                 well
                 ,
                 wicked
                 
                 Men
                 are
                 more
                 happy
                 under
                 punishment
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 Iustice
                 should
                 inflict
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 gives
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 good
                 is
                 come
                 amongst
                 them
                 (
                 to
                 wit
                 )
                 punishment
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 heap
                 of
                 their
                 other
                 crimes
                 they
                 never
                 yet
                 had
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 a
                 fourth
                 End
                 ;
                 which
                 pertains
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Conservation
                 and
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Vniverse
                 ,
                 or
                 its
                 Ornament
                 .
                 The
                 Explication
                 of
                 each
                 .
              
            
             
               THese
               are
               the
               three
               certain
               evident
               Ends
               ,
               vvhich
               I
               have
               pass'd
               vvith
               a
               sure
               and
               steady
               Foot
               :
               the
               fourth
               remains
               vvhich
               I
               must
               adventure
               upon
               with
               a
               doubtful
               one
               .
               For
               it
               is
               more
               remov'd
               and
               obscure
               ,
               than
               that
               our
               humane
               capacities
               should
               
               perfectly
               reach
               it
               .
               I
               discover
               it
               only
               through
               a
               Cloud
               ,
               and
               I
               may
               guess
               and
               offer
               at
               it
               ,
               but
               never
               certainly
               know
               and
               attain
               to
               it
               .
               The
               End
               vvhich
               I
               mean
               hath
               a
               double
               respect
               and
               regards
               either
               the
               conservation
               or
               the
               beauty
               of
               the
               Universe
               .
               I
               therefore
               suppose
               it
               is
               for
               its
               conservation
               ;
               because
               that
               God
               who
               made
               and
               disposed
               all
               things
               by
               an
               excellent
               wisdom
               ;
               did
               so
               make
               them
               ,
               that
               he
               bounded
               every
               of
               them
               within
               a
               certain
               number
               ,
               measure
               ,
               and
               weight
               :
               Nor
               can
               any
               particular
               Creature
               transgress
               these
               limits
               ,
               vvithout
               the
               weakning
               or
               ruine
               of
               the
               vvhole
               .
               Thus
               those
               great
               bodies
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               the
               Earth
               ,
               the
               Sea
               have
               their
               bounds
               ;
               thus
               every
               Age
               hath
               its
               appointed
               number
               ,
               and
               thus
               both
               Men
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               and
               Kingdomes
               have
               their
               stated
               accounts
               .
               Will
               they
               exceed
               these
               ?
               It
               is
               necessary
               that
               some
               storme
               and
               tempest
               of
               Calamities
               do
               check
               and
               retard
               them
               :
               For
               otherwise
               they
               vvould
               endanger
               
               and
               bring
               damage
               to
               ,
               this
               beautiful
               frame
               of
               the
               World.
               But
               those
               things
               especially
               vvould
               exceed
               these
               bounds
               very
               often
               ,
               that
               are
               under
               the
               command
               of
               Encrease
               and
               Multiply
               .
               Look
               upon
               Men
               ,
               who
               can
               deny
               that
               by
               nature
               vve
               are
               born
               faster
               ,
               than
               we
               naturally
               dye
               ?
               So
               that
               in
               a
               few
               years
               from
               two
               persons
               a
               family
               of
               a
               hundred
               may
               be
               propagated
               ;
               of
               vvhich
               in
               that
               space
               not
               above
               ten
               or
               twenty
               may
               dye
               .
               Look
               upon
               a
               flock
               of
               Sheep
               ;
               how
               numerous
               would
               the
               encrease
               be
               ,
               if
               the
               Shepheard
               should
               not
               yearly
               choose
               out
               and
               set
               apart
               some
               to
               the
               Slaughter
               ?
               The
               Birds
               and
               Fishes
               vvould
               in
               a
               short
               time
               fill
               the
               Air
               and
               Waters
               ,
               if
               there
               vvere
               not
               certain
               dissentions
               ;
               and
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               vvarrs
               amongst
               themselves
               ,
               and
               the
               endeavours
               of
               Men
               to
               diminish
               them
               .
               Every
               age
               is
               building
               of
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               ;
               and
               if
               fire
               or
               other
               wayes
               of
               destruction
               should
               not
               interpose
               ;
               neither
               this
               vvorld
               of
               ours
               ,
               nor
               the
               other
               
               vvorld
               vvould
               be
               able
               to
               contain
               them
               .
               The
               same
               may
               vve
               imagine
               of
               the
               vvhole
               Creation
               .
               What
               wonder
               therefore
               is
               it
               if
               our
               Saturn
               doth
               sometimes
               thrust
               his
               Sickle
               into
               this
               over-grown
               Field
               ;
               and
               reap
               thence
               some
               superfluous
               thousands
               ,
               either
               by
               the
               pestilence
               or
               vvarr
               ?
               Which
               if
               he
               should
               not
               do
               ,
               vvhat
               Country
               vvould
               be
               able
               to
               hold
               us
               ,
               or
               vvhat
               Land
               could
               afford
               us
               sustenance
               ?
               It
               is
               therefore
               requisite
               that
               something
               should
               perish
               from
               the
               parts
               ;
               that
               so
               the
               vvhole
               may
               be
               eternal
               .
               For
               as
               to
               Rulers
               in
               States
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               People
               is
               the
               supream
               Law
               :
               So
               is
               it
               to
               God
               in
               respect
               of
               the
               World.
               For
               the
               beauty
               or
               Ornament
               of
               the
               World
               I
               conceive
               calamities
               make
               two
               vvayes
               .
               First
               ,
               because
               I
               apprehend
               no
               beauty
               any
               where
               in
               this
               great
               frame
               without
               variety
               ,
               and
               a
               distinct
               succession
               and
               change
               of
               things
               .
               I
               acknowledge
               the
               Sun
               is
               exceedingly
               beautiful
               ,
               but
               he
               becomes
               more
               acceptable
               
               to
               us
               at
               his
               return
               ;
               through
               the
               interposition
               of
               the
               dew-engendring
               Night
               ;
               and
               those
               black
               Curtains
               vvhich
               she
               shuts
               him
               out
               vvith
               .
               The
               Summer
               is
               a
               most
               pleasant
               season
               ,
               but
               yet
               the
               vvinter
               sets
               it
               off
               ,
               vvith
               it's
               icy
               marbles
               ,
               and
               hoary
               Frosts
               :
               Which
               if
               you
               take
               away
               ,
               you
               really
               destroy
               the
               true
               rellish
               ,
               and
               that
               particular
               gust
               of
               Joy
               ,
               which
               it's
               light
               and
               Warmth
               afford
               us
               .
               In
               this
               Country
               of
               ours
               ,
               one
               and
               the
               same
               face
               of
               things
               delights
               me
               not
               ;
               but
               I
               am
               pleasingly
               affected
               to
               behold
               the
               Valleys
               and
               Hills
               ,
               and
               Rocks
               ,
               fruitful
               and
               vvast
               places
               ,
               Meadows
               and
               Woods
               ,
               for
               satiety
               and
               loathing
               are
               alwayes
               the
               Companions
               of
               Equality
               .
               And
               vvhy
               then
               in
               this
               Scene
               of
               life
               (
               as
               I
               may
               so
               call
               it
               )
               should
               the
               same
               dress
               and
               countenance
               of
               things
               delight
               us
               ?
               In
               my
               Mind
               it
               should
               not
               :
               Let
               there
               be
               sometimes
               some
               smooth
               and
               Halcyon
               Calmes
               ;
               and
               let
               those
               after
               a
               while
               be
               discompos'd
               
               and
               ruffled
               vvith
               the
               vvhirlevvinds
               of
               Warr
               ,
               and
               the
               boysterous
               stormes
               of
               succeeding
               Tyrannies
               .
               For
               who
               would
               wish
               that
               this
               Universe
               should
               be
               like
               the
               dead
               Sea
               ;
               without
               Wind
               or
               Motion
               ?
               But
               there
               is
               also
               another
               Ornament
               vvhich
               I
               guess
               at
               vvhich
               is
               more
               serious
               and
               inwardly
               fruitful
               .
               Histories
               informe
               me
               ,
               that
               better
               and
               smoother
               times
               ,
               do
               still
               succeed
               storms
               .
               Do
               Warrs
               molest
               any
               people
               ?
               Yet
               for
               the
               most
               part
               they
               refine
               and
               sharpen
               them
               ;
               by
               introducing
               the
               Arts
               ,
               and
               a
               various
               culture
               of
               ingenuity
               .
               The
               Romans
               of
               old
               impos'd
               a
               heavy
               yoke
               upon
               the
               world
               ;
               but
               vvithall
               it
               prov'd
               a
               happy
               one
               in
               the
               event
               ;
               for
               as
               the
               Sun
               chases
               away
               darkness
               from
               our
               Eyes
               :
               So
               did
               that
               ignorance
               and
               barbarisme
               from
               their
               Minds
               .
               What
               had
               the
               Gaules
               or
               we
               Germans
               now
               been
               ,
               if
               the
               light
               of
               that
               great
               Empire
               had
               not
               risen
               to
               us
               ?
               A
               sort
               of
               wild
               and
               inhumane
               savages
               ,
               glutting
               our selves
               with
               our
               own
               and
               
               others
               blood
               ;
               and
               despisers
               both
               of
               God
               and
               Man.
               And
               if
               I
               rightly
               divine
               ,
               the
               same
               will
               befal
               this
               new
               World
               ;
               vvhich
               the
               Spaniards
               with
               an
               advantageous
               kind
               of
               cruelty
               have
               exhausted
               ;
               but
               vvill
               again
               restore
               ,
               and
               otherwise
               replenish
               .
               And
               as
               those
               vvho
               have
               great
               plantations
               ;
               remove
               some
               trees
               elsewhere
               ,
               and
               cut
               down
               others
               :
               Skilfully
               disposing
               all
               things
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               more
               fruitful
               and
               to
               prosper
               the
               better
               :
               So
               doth
               God
               in
               this
               vast
               Field
               of
               the
               World.
               For
               he
               is
               the
               most
               excellent
               improver
               ,
               in
               some
               places
               he
               prunes
               and
               cuts
               off
               the
               luxuriant
               branches
               of
               some
               Families
               ,
               and
               in
               others
               (
               as
               I
               may
               so
               say
               )
               he
               plucks
               off
               some
               leaves
               of
               persons
               .
               This
               helps
               the
               stock
               ,
               though
               the
               branches
               fall
               ,
               and
               the
               leaves
               that
               drop
               off
               ,
               become
               the
               mockery
               of
               the
               vvinds
               .
               He
               sees
               this
               Nation
               scorched
               and
               vvithered
               away
               ;
               as
               having
               out-liv'd
               their
               Vertues
               ,
               and
               he
               casts
               them
               out
               .
               That
               other
               he
               observes
               to
               be
               vvild
               
               and
               unfruitful
               ;
               he
               therefore
               transfers
               them
               ;
               and
               others
               he
               mingles
               together
               ,
               and
               engrafts
               them
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               into
               one
               another
               .
               You
               Italians
               in
               the
               declining
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               being
               now
               decayed
               and
               enfeebled
               :
               Why
               cumber
               you
               any
               longer
               that
               choice
               part
               of
               Earth
               ?
               Depart
               and
               let
               those
               hardy
               and
               unbroken
               Lombards
               more
               happily
               improve
               that
               soil
               .
               You
               vicious
               and
               effeminate
               Graecians
               perish
               and
               let
               the
               harsh
               and
               sowre
               Scythians
               be
               mellowed
               there
               .
               So
               also
               by
               a
               kind
               of
               confusion
               of
               Nations
               ,
               you
               French
               possess
               Gaul
               ,
               you
               
                 Saxons
                 Brittain
              
               ,
               you
               
                 Normans
                 Belgia
              
               and
               the
               places
               adjoyning
               .
               All
               which
               and
               more
               Lipsius
               will
               readily
               occurre
               to
               him
               that
               is
               versed
               in
               Histories
               and
               the
               Events
               of
               things
               .
               Let
               us
               take
               courage
               then
               and
               know
               ,
               that
               whatever
               private
               Calamity
               comes
               upon
               us
               ;
               is
               some
               way
               or
               other
               advantageous
               to
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Universe
               .
               The
               setting
               of
               this
               Nation
               or
               Kingdom
               shall
               be
               the
               rise
               
               of
               another
               .
               The
               ruines
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               the
               foundation
               of
               a
               new
               one
               ,
               nor
               can
               any
               thing
               here
               be
               properly
               said
               to
               dye
               ,
               but
               to
               change
               only
               .
               Shall
               we
               Belgians
               think
               to
               be
               the
               only
               choice
               ones
               with
               God
               ;
               that
               shall
               be
               perpetually
               wedded
               to
               felicity
               ;
               and
               the
               only
               white
               boyes
               of
               Fortune
               .
               Fooles
               that
               we
               are
               .
               That
               great
               Father
               hath
               many
               more
               Children
               whom
               (
               because
               he
               will
               not
               all
               at
               once
               )
               permit
               to
               cherish
               ,
               and
               receive
               by
               turnes
               into
               his
               bosome
               .
               We
               have
               already
               had
               our
               Sun-shines
               ;
               let
               the
               Night
               succeed
               awhile
               ,
               and
               let
               those
               beauteous
               rayes
               withdraw
               to
               the
               Western
               Nations
               .
               Seneca
               (
               as
               he
               uses
               )
               speaks
               aptly
               and
               wisely
               to
               this
               purpose
               .
               
                 Let
                 a
                 wise
                 Man
                 repine
                 at
                 nothing
                 that
                 befalls
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 those
                 very
                 things
                 under
                 which
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 suffer
                 ;
                 do
                 make
                 to
                 the
                 conservation
                 of
                 the
                 Visiverse
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 of
                 that
                 number
                 which
                 fullfil
                 that
                 Law
                 and
                 Order
                 which
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 confin'd
                 to
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
            
             
               
                 An
                 old
                 and
                 common
                 objection
                 against
                 the
                 Divine
                 Iustice
                 ;
                 why
                 punishments
                 are
                 unequal
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 inquisition
                 remov'd
                 from
                 Man
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 unlawful
                 .
              
            
             
               LAngius
               paws'd
               here
               ;
               and
               thus
               I
               broke
               forth
               .
               What
               a
               spring
               of
               water
               is
               to
               the
               thirsty
               Traveller
               in
               the
               heats
               of
               Summer
               :
               such
               is
               this
               your
               discourse
               to
               me
               .
               It
               refreshes
               ,
               it
               enlivens
               ,
               and
               vvith
               its
               cooling
               juice
               ,
               it
               mitigates
               and
               allayes
               my
               heat
               and
               Feaver
               .
               But
               it
               doth
               but
               allay
               ;
               it
               does
               not
               quench
               it
               ;
               for
               that
               thorne
               which
               also
               molested
               the
               ancients
               (
               about
               the
               inequality
               of
               punishments
               )
               remains
               still
               fixed
               in
               my
               breast
               .
               For
               Langius
               ,
               if
               that
               ballance
               of
               Justice
               be
               even
               ;
               
               how
               comes
               it
               to
               pass
               that
               this
               arrow
               of
               Calamities
               ,
            
             
               So
               oft
               the
               nocent
               passes
               ,
               but
               is
               sent
            
             
               Amongst
               the
               Virtuous
               still
               and
               innocent
               ?
            
             
               Why
               (
               I
               say
               )
               are
               some
               guiltless
               people
               rooted
               out
               ?
               and
               what
               have
               our
               wretched
               posterity
               done
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               rue
               the
               crimes
               of
               their
               ancestours
               ?
               This
               is
               that
               thick
               and
               troublesome
               mist
               that
               is
               got
               before
               my
               Eyes
               ;
               which
               (
               if
               you
               can
               )
               I
               pray
               dissolve
               and
               scatter
               with
               some
               ray
               of
               Reason
               .
               Langius
               frowning
               upon
               me
               ,
               Young
               man
               (
               said
               he
               )
               dost
               thou
               thus
               again
               begin
               to
               wander
               from
               the
               path
               I
               set
               thee
               in
               ?
               I
               may
               not
               suffer
               it
               ;
               for
               as
               skillful
               Huntsmen
               ,
               suffer
               not
               their
               Doggs
               to
               change
               ;
               but
               force
               them
               to
               persist
               in
               the
               chase
               of
               that
               first
               buck
               they
               were
               lay'd
               into
               :
               So
               I
               am
               resolved
               you
               shall
               follow
               me
               in
               that
               track
               which
               I
               first
               trac'd
               out
               to
               you
               .
               I
               was
               discoursing
               
               you
               the
               Ends
               of
               Calamities
               ;
               that
               if
               you
               are
               good
               ,
               you
               may
               know
               your self
               exercised
               by
               them
               ,
               if
               offending
               corrected
               ,
               if
               wicked
               punish'd
               ,
               and
               you
               forth
               with
               hale
               me
               away
               to
               speak
               of
               the
               causes
               .
               And
               vvhat
               vvould
               that
               vvandring
               Mind
               of
               yours
               ,
               by
               its
               so
               curious
               an
               inquisition
               ?
               Would
               you
               touch
               those
               heavenly
               fires
               ?
               They
               will
               melt
               you
               .
               Would
               you
               scale
               that
               Tower
               of
               Providence
               ?
               You
               vvill
               fall
               headlong
               .
               As
               Moths
               and
               other
               little
               vvinged
               insects
               ,
               towards
               Night
               ,
               vvill
               fly
               round
               about
               a
               Candle
               till
               they
               are
               burnt
               :
               With
               the
               same
               danger
               doth
               the
               Mind
               of
               Man
               ,
               sport
               it self
               and
               vvanton
               about
               that
               secret
               fire
               .
               Assign
               the
               causes
               (
               say
               you
               )
               vvhy
               divine
               vengeance
               overpasses
               these
               ;
               and
               seises
               upon
               these
               ?
               The
               causes
               ?
               I
               may
               lawfully
               say
               I
               know
               them
               not
               .
               For
               that
               Heavenly
               Court
               never
               admitted
               me
               ,
               nor
               I
               its
               decrees
               .
               This
               only
               I
               know
               ,
               that
               the
               chief
               cause
               of
               all
               other
               causes
               is
               the
               vvill
               of
               God
               :
               Beyond
               vvhich
               if
               
               any
               Man
               enquire
               ,
               after
               any
               force
               or
               power
               ;
               he
               is
               ignorant
               of
               the
               Divine
               Nature
               .
               For
               it
               is
               necessary
               that
               every
               cause
               be
               both
               before
               and
               greater
               than
               its
               effect
               ;
               but
               than
               God
               and
               his
               Will
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               either
               before
               or
               greater
               .
               There
               is
               therefore
               no
               cause
               of
               it
               .
               God
               strikes
               ,
               and
               God
               passes
               by
               ;
               vvhat
               would
               you
               have
               more
               ?
               As
               Salvian
               sayes
               piously
               and
               truly
               ;
               the
               vvill
               of
               God
               is
               the
               perfection
               of
               Justice
               :
               But
               you
               vvill
               say
               ,
               vve
               desire
               some
               reason
               of
               this
               inequality
               from
               ,
               vvhom
               ?
               from
               God
               ?
               To
               vvhom
               alone
               it
               is
               lawful
               to
               do
               vvhatsoever
               he
               pleases
               ,
               and
               vvho
               is
               pleased
               to
               do
               nothing
               but
               vvhat
               is
               lawful
               ?
               Shall
               a
               Servant
               call
               his
               Master
               ;
               or
               a
               Subject
               his
               Prince
               to
               account
               ?
               The
               one
               vvould
               call
               it
               an
               affront
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               Rebellion
               :
               and
               vvill
               you
               be
               more
               insolent
               against
               God
               himself
               ?
               Avvay
               vvith
               this
               perverse
               curiosity
               !
               This
               reason
               doth
               not
               otherwise
               appear
               to
               be
               one
               ,
               than
               because
               it
               may
               be
               rendred
               to
               none
               .
               
               And
               yet
               vvhen
               you
               have
               all
               done
               ,
               you
               shall
               never
               be
               able
               to
               disingage
               your self
               from
               these
               shades
               ;
               nor
               ever
               arrive
               to
               the
               knowledge
               of
               those
               (
               truly
               so
               called
               )
               Privy
               Councels
               .
               Sophocles
               said
               excellently
               ;
            
             
               Divine
               decrees
               thou
               shalt
               not
               know
            
             
               Though
               thou
               knew'st
               all
               beside
               ;
            
             
               For
               those
               from
               us
               who
               are
               below
            
             
               The
               Gods
               themselves
               do
               hide
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
            
             
               
                 Yet
                 to
                 satisfie
                 the
                 curious
                 ,
                 three
                 usual
                 Objections
                 are
                 answered
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 of
                 that
                 ;
                 that
                 evil
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 punished
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 is
                 reply'd
                 ;
                 that
                 though
                 their
                 punishments
                 are
                 deferred
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 remitted
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 either
                 for
                 Mans
                 sake
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 God
                 which
                 is
                 slow
                 to
                 Revenge
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               rude
               and
               simple
               vvay
               Lipsius
               is
               here
               the
               only
               safe
               one
               ;
               the
               rest
               are
               slippery
               and
               deceitful
               .
               In
               superiour
               and
               divine
               things
               ,
               the
               only
               acuteness
               is
               to
               discern
               nothing
               ;
               and
               the
               only
               knowledge
               is
               to
               be
               ignorant
               .
               But
               forasmuch
               as
               this
               Cloud
               hath
               heretofore
               ,
               and
               doth
               still
               rest
               upon
               the
               Minds
               of
               Men
               ;
               in
               a
               few
               words
               (
               if
               possible
               )
               I
               shall
               endeavour
               to
               remove
               it
               ,
               and
               vvaft
               you
               (
               now
               at
               a-stand
               )
               over
               
               this
               River
               also
               .
               Pardon
               me
               ,
               O
               thou
               Heavenly
               Mind
               said
               he
               (
               lifting
               up
               his
               Eyes
               )
               if
               I
               shall
               deliver
               any
               thing
               of
               these
               secrets
               (
               yet
               vvith
               a
               pious
               intention
               )
               less
               pure
               and
               pious
               than
               I
               ought
               .
               And
               first
               of
               all
               Lipsius
               methinks
               I
               am
               able
               in
               general
               to
               vindicate
               the
               justice
               of
               God
               vvith
               this
               one
               Argument
               .
               If
               God
               doth
               behold
               humane
               things
               ,
               he
               doth
               also
               care
               for
               them
               ,
               if
               he
               cares
               for
               them
               ,
               he
               governs
               them
               ,
               if
               he
               governes
               them
               it
               is
               with
               judgement
               ,
               and
               if
               vvith
               judgement
               ,
               how
               then
               unjustly
               ?
               For
               vvithout
               judgement
               there
               is
               no
               government
               ,
               but
               a
               meer
               heap
               ,
               confusion
               and
               Tumult
               .
               What
               have
               you
               to
               oppose
               against
               this
               Javelin
               ;
               What
               Shield
               or
               vvhat
               armes
               ?
               If
               you
               vvill
               confess
               it
               ,
               nothing
               but
               humane
               ignorance
               ;
               I
               cannot
               conceive
               (
               say
               you
               )
               vvhy
               these
               should
               be
               punish'd
               ,
               and
               those
               other
               escape
               .
               Be
               it
               so
               ;
               vvill
               you
               therefore
               add
               impudence
               to
               your
               imprudence
               ;
               and
               carp
               at
               the
               power
               of
               that
               Divine
               
               Lavv
               ,
               vvhich
               you
               cannot
               conceive
               of
               ?
               What
               more
               unjust
               way
               of
               proceeding
               against
               justice
               can
               there
               be
               than
               this
               ?
               If
               any
               stranger
               should
               take
               upon
               him
               to
               judge
               of
               the
               Laws
               and
               Constitutions
               of
               your
               Country
               ;
               you
               vvould
               command
               him
               to
               desist
               and
               be
               silent
               ,
               because
               he
               understands
               them
               not
               ,
               and
               shall
               you
               vvho
               are
               the
               inhabitant
               of
               earth
               ,
               presume
               rashly
               to
               censure
               the
               Laws
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               You
               understand
               not
               ?
               Or
               you
               that
               are
               the
               vvork
               to
               question
               your
               Maker
               ?
               But
               it
               matters
               not
               ,
               go
               on
               ,
               for
               I
               shall
               now
               come
               up
               more
               close
               to
               you
               ,
               and
               distinctly
               examine
               (
               as
               you
               desire
               me
               )
               these
               misty
               calumnies
               of
               yours
               by
               the
               Sun
               of
               Reason
               .
               Three
               things
               you
               object
               ,
               that
               God
               doth
               not
               punish
               the
               vvicked
               ;
               that
               he
               doth
               punish
               the
               innocent
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               substitutes
               and
               and
               exchanges
               offendours
               .
               You
               say
               first
               divine
               vengeance
               doth
               ill
               to
               pass
               by
               vvicked
               men
               .
               Doth
               it
               then
               overpass
               
               them
               ?
               In
               my
               apprehension
               it
               doth
               not
               ,
               but
               rather
               deferrs
               their
               punishment
               .
               If
               divers
               Men
               owe
               me
               money
               ;
               and
               I
               require
               it
               of
               this
               debtour
               assoon
               as
               it
               becomes
               due
               ,
               and
               allow
               to
               that
               other
               a
               longer
               time
               of
               payment
               :
               Am
               I
               therefore
               culpable
               ?
               Or
               are
               not
               these
               things
               at
               my
               own
               dispose
               ?
               The
               same
               does
               our
               Great
               God
               ;
               to
               vvhom
               all
               vvicked
               men
               owe
               a
               punishment
               :
               He
               requires
               it
               presently
               of
               these
               ,
               but
               gives
               day
               to
               others
               ;
               yet
               to
               be
               paid
               with
               interest
               ,
               and
               what
               injustice
               is
               this
               ?
               unless
               (
               possibly
               )
               you
               are
               solicitous
               for
               God
               ,
               and
               fear
               he
               should
               lose
               part
               of
               his
               debt
               ,
               by
               his
               merciful
               forbearance
               :
               But
               you
               need
               not
               fear
               it
               ;
               no
               Man
               ever
               prov'd
               bankrupt
               to
               this
               supream
               Creditour
               .
               We
               are
               all
               under
               his
               Eye
               vv●eresoever
               we
               betake
               our selves
               ;
               nay
               already
               in
               his
               shackles
               and
               custody
               .
               But
               I
               vvould
               (
               say
               you
               )
               have
               such
               a
               Tyrant
               immediately
               punished
               ,
               that
               by
               his
               present
               slaughter
               ,
               he
               may
               satisfie
               so
               many
               as
               
               he
               hath
               oppressed
               .
               For
               this
               vvay
               the
               Justice
               of
               God
               vvould
               shine
               out
               the
               more
               illustriously
               to
               us
               .
               Rather
               your
               stupidity
               in
               my
               Mind
               .
               For
               vvho
               art
               thou
               that
               not
               only
               presumest
               to
               lead
               on
               the
               judgements
               of
               God
               ,
               but
               also
               to
               prescribe
               him
               his
               season
               ?
               Do
               you
               think
               him
               your
               judge
               ,
               or
               rather
               your
               Lictour
               or
               Executioner
               ?
               Dispatch
               ,
               lead
               him
               off
               (
               say
               you
               )
               scourge
               him
               ,
               cover
               his
               face
               ,
               and
               hang
               him
               up
               :
               For
               it
               is
               my
               vvill
               it
               should
               be
               so
               .
               O
               impudence
               !
               But
               God
               vvills
               it
               otherwise
               ,
               vvho
               (
               you
               ought
               to
               know
               )
               sees
               more
               clearly
               into
               these
               matters
               ,
               and
               punishes
               for
               other
               ends
               .
               The
               heats
               of
               passion
               ,
               and
               a
               certain
               desire
               of
               Revenge
               transport
               us
               ;
               from
               all
               vvhich
               God
               is
               most
               remotely
               distant
               ,
               and
               intends
               the
               vvarning
               and
               correction
               of
               others
               :
               For
               he
               best
               knowes
               to
               vvhom
               and
               vvhen
               these
               things
               may
               be
               useful
               .
               The
               choice
               of
               times
               is
               of
               great
               moment
               ,
               and
               for
               vvant
               of
               a
               due
               and
               seasonable
               administration
               ,
               the
               safest
               medicines
               
               do
               oftentimes
               prove
               fatal
               to
               us
               .
               He
               took
               away
               Caligula
               in
               the
               first
               setting
               out
               of
               his
               Tyranny
               :
               He
               suffered
               Nero
               to
               run
               on
               longer
               ,
               and
               Tiberius
               beyond
               either
               ;
               and
               this
               no
               doubt
               for
               the
               good
               of
               those
               very
               Men
               ,
               vvho
               then
               also
               complain'd
               .
               Our
               vicious
               and
               uncorrected
               manners
               ,
               do
               often
               stand
               in
               need
               of
               a
               lasting
               and
               continued
               scourge
               ,
               though
               vve
               vvould
               have
               it
               straight
               remov'd
               ,
               and
               thrown
               into
               the
               Fire
               .
               This
               is
               one
               cause
               of
               the
               forbearance
               of
               God
               ,
               vvhich
               respect
               us
               ;
               the
               other
               respects
               himself
               .
               To
               vvhom
               it
               seems
               natural
               to
               proceed
               on
               to
               his
               Revenge
               vvith
               a
               slow
               pace
               ;
               and
               to
               recompence
               the
               delay
               of
               his
               punishment
               vvith
               the
               vveight
               of
               it
               .
               Synecius
               said
               vvell
               ,
               the
               Divine
               inquisition
               moves
               on
               slowly
               and
               by
               degrees
               :
               And
               so
               did
               the
               Ancients
               vvho
               from
               this
               property
               of
               his
               ;
               feign'd
               God
               to
               have
               feet
               of
               Wool.
               So
               that
               although
               you
               are
               passionately
               hasty
               of
               Revenge
               ;
               you
               cannot
               yet
               accuse
               this
               delay
               ,
               since
               it
               
               is
               so
               only
               a
               respite
               of
               punishment
               ;
               that
               it
               may
               be
               also
               an
               encrease
               .
               Tell
               me
               ,
               vvere
               you
               present
               at
               a
               Tragedy
               ;
               vvould
               you
               stomach
               it
               that
               the
               Atreus
               there
               ,
               or
               the
               Thyestes
               ;
               in
               the
               first
               or
               second
               act
               ,
               should
               in
               a
               glorious
               garbe
               ,
               and
               vvith
               a
               stately
               tread
               ,
               pass
               through
               the
               Scenes
               :
               That
               they
               should
               rule
               there
               ,
               threaten
               and
               command
               all
               ?
               I
               suppose
               you
               would
               not
               ,
               for
               you
               know
               that
               felicity
               is
               but
               short-liv'd
               :
               And
               expect
               that
               all
               this
               grandeur
               should
               finish
               in
               a
               fatal
               Catastrophe
               .
               In
               this
               Play
               and
               Fable
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               vvhy
               are
               you
               more
               offended
               vvith
               God
               ,
               than
               you
               vvould
               be
               vvith
               any
               Poet
               ?
               That
               wicked
               Man
               flourishes
               ,
               and
               that
               Tyrant
               lives
               happy
               .
               Be
               it
               so
               ;
               but
               think
               vvithall
               that
               this
               is
               but
               the
               first
               Act
               :
               And
               before
               possess
               your self
               inwardly
               vvith
               this
               ,
               that
               tears
               and
               forrows
               press
               on
               hard
               to
               overtake
               those
               joyes
               .
               This
               Scene
               shall
               shortly
               flow
               vvith
               blood
               ,
               and
               then
               those
               robes
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               Purple
               shall
               
               be
               rowled
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               and
               trampled
               in
               it
               .
               For
               that
               great
               Master
               of
               ours
               is
               a
               good
               Poet
               ,
               and
               vvill
               not
               rashly
               exceed
               the
               Lawes
               of
               his
               Tragedy
               .
               Do
               vve
               not
               vvillingly
               bear
               with
               Discords
               in
               Musick
               for
               some
               time
               ;
               because
               vve
               know
               that
               the
               last
               closures
               vvill
               end
               in
               comfort
               ?
               Do
               so
               here
               .
               But
               you
               vvill
               say
               those
               miserable
               Creatures
               that
               have
               suffered
               under
               this
               Tyranny
               ,
               do
               not
               alwayes
               see
               the
               punishment
               .
               What
               wonder
               is
               it
               ?
               For
               the
               Play
               is
               oftentimes
               somewhat
               long
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               sit
               it
               out
               in
               this
               Theatre
               .
               But
               others
               see
               it
               and
               fear
               ;
               because
               they
               see
               that
               though
               (
               in
               this
               severe
               Court
               of
               Judicatory
               )
               some
               Men
               are
               reprieved
               ;
               yet
               they
               are
               not
               pardoned
               :
               And
               though
               the
               day
               of
               execution
               is
               prolonged
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               not
               forgot
               .
               Wherefore
               Lipsius
               remember
               this
               ;
               that
               vvicked
               Men
               are
               sometimes
               forborne
               ,
               but
               never
               acquited
               :
               Nor
               is
               there
               any
               Man
               that
               entertains
               a
               crime
               into
               his
               brest
               ,
               but
               
               vvho
               also
               hath
               a
               Nemesis
               at
               his
               back
               ;
               for
               that
               Goddess
               is
               in
               pursuit
               of
               him
               and
               as
               I
               may
               say
               vvith
               Euripides
               ,
            
             
               VVith
               silent
               unsuspected
               pace
            
             
               She
               doth
               the
               guilty
               Sinner
               trace
               .
            
             
               And
               though
               he
               strive
               with
               utmost
               hast
            
             
               To
               scape
               ;
               she
               seiseth
               him
               at
               last
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
            
             
               
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 punishments
                 ;
                 some
                 occult
                 and
                 internal
                 ,
                 which
                 accompany
                 the
                 crime
                 it self
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 the
                 wicked
                 never
                 escape
                 .
                 That
                 such
                 are
                 more
                 grievous
                 than
                 any
                 external
                 ones
                 .
              
            
             
               WHich
               notwithstanding
               that
               you
               may
               more
               clearly
               apprehend
               ;
               and
               that
               I
               may
               once
               lead
               you
               into
               the
               height
               of
               this
               cause
               :
               You
               must
               know
               ;
               
               that
               Divine
               punishments
               are
               threefold
               ;
               Internal
               ,
               Posthumous
               ,
               and
               External
               .
               Those
               I
               call
               Internal
               vvhich
               are
               inflicted
               on
               the
               Soul
               ,
               vvhile
               it
               is
               yet
               in
               the
               Body
               ;
               such
               are
               Anxiety
               ,
               Penitence
               ,
               Fears
               ,
               and
               a
               thousand
               pangs
               and
               stings
               of
               Conscience
               .
               Those
               are
               Posthumous
               ;
               vvhich
               are
               inflicted
               upon
               the
               same
               Soul
               ,
               but
               then
               vvhen
               it
               is
               freed
               and
               separate
               from
               the
               Body
               .
               Such
               are
               those
               torments
               which
               even
               the
               Ancients
               (
               most
               of
               them
               )
               vvere
               of
               opinion
               did
               await
               the
               vvicked
               after
               Death
               .
               The
               third
               sort
               are
               such
               as
               touch
               upon
               the
               Body
               ,
               or
               the
               things
               that
               belong
               to
               it
               ;
               as
               Poverty
               ,
               Banishment
               ,
               Pain
               ,
               Diseases
               ,
               Death
               .
               All
               vvhich
               do
               (
               sometimes
               )
               by
               the
               just
               Judgment
               of
               God
               concurr
               against
               the
               Wicked
               ;
               but
               the
               two
               former
               alwayes
               .
               To
               speak
               of
               internal
               punishments
               ;
               vvhere
               shall
               we
               find
               the
               Man
               ,
               so
               profusely
               and
               audaciously
               wicked
               ;
               that
               hath
               not
               sensibly
               felt
               in
               his
               Soul
               some
               of
               these
               sharp
               scourges
               ,
               and
               stripes
               
               either
               in
               the
               Commission
               of
               his
               crimes
               or
               at
               least
               after
               he
               hath
               acted
               them
               .
               So
               true
               is
               that
               vvhich
               Plato
               said
               of
               old
               ;
               that
               punishment
               treads
               upon
               the
               heels
               of
               sin
               :
               or
               as
               Hesiod
               more
               properly
               ,
               it
               is
               coeval
               and
               twinns
               with
               it
               .
               The
               punishment
               of
               evil
               is
               not
               only
               ally'd
               to
               ;
               but
               is
               bred
               vvithin
               that
               evil
               ,
               nor
               is
               there
               any
               thing
               in
               this
               Life
               ,
               that
               can
               pretend
               to
               calmness
               and
               security
               ;
               besides
               innocence
               alone
               .
               As
               the
               Roman
               custome
               did
               enforce
               the
               Malefactour
               to
               bear
               that
               Cross
               which
               vvas
               streight
               to
               bear
               him
               :
               So
               hath
               God
               impos'd
               upon
               all
               wicked
               Men
               ,
               this
               Cross
               of
               Conscience
               ;
               on
               vvhich
               they
               shall
               begin
               to
               suffer
               ,
               before
               their
               further
               and
               vvorse
               sufferings
               do
               begin
               .
               Do
               you
               suppose
               that
               only
               to
               be
               punishment
               ,
               which
               we
               can
               look
               upon
               ,
               and
               which
               this
               Body
               doth
               sensibly
               undergo
               ?
               No.
               All
               those
               external
               things
               do
               but
               lightly
               ,
               and
               for
               no
               long
               time
               touch
               upon
               us
               ;
               they
               are
               the
               internal
               that
               more
               exquisitely
               torment
               us
               .
               As
               
               we
               judge
               them
               to
               be
               more
               desperately
               sick
               ,
               who
               languish
               away
               under
               an
               inward
               waste
               ;
               than
               those
               that
               are
               seised
               vvith
               some
               visible
               inflammation
               ,
               or
               preternatural
               hearts
               ,
               though
               these
               last
               are
               more
               apparent
               :
               So
               are
               vvicked
               Men
               under
               a
               more
               grievous
               punishment
               ,
               vvho
               vvith
               so
               low
               and
               indiscernible
               procedures
               are
               lead
               on
               to
               their
               eternal
               Death
               .
               It
               used
               to
               be
               the
               cruel
               command
               of
               Caligula
               ;
               so
               strike
               as
               that
               he
               may
               feel
               he
               dyes
               ;
               the
               same
               befalls
               these
               Men
               ,
               vvhom
               their
               Conscience
               as
               an
               Executioner
               ,
               doth
               daily
               torture
               ,
               and
               even
               kill
               by
               these
               slow
               degrees
               of
               lesser
               and
               repeated
               stripes
               .
               Nor
               let
               the
               splendour
               or
               the
               inlarged
               power
               and
               vvealth
               of
               those
               Men
               impose
               upon
               you
               :
               Since
               they
               are
               no
               more
               happy
               and
               fortunate
               for
               these
               than
               they
               are
               healthful
               ,
               whose
               Gout
               or
               Feaver
               rests
               it self
               upon
               a
               purple
               Couch
               .
               Do
               you
               see
               a
               beggarly
               Fellow
               represent
               in
               some
               Play
               the
               person
               of
               a
               Prince
               ,
               all
               Pompous
               and
               brave
               ?
               
               You
               behold
               him
               yet
               vvithout
               envy
               ;
               for
               you
               know
               how
               under
               those
               golden
               Robes
               his
               Sores
               and
               Filth
               ,
               and
               Poverty
               lye
               hid
               :
               Think
               the
               same
               of
               all
               those
               great
               and
               proud
               Tyrants
               :
               
                 In
                 whose
                 Minds
                 if
                 they
                 lay
                 open
                 to
                 us
                 saith
              
               Tacitus
               ,
               
                 we
                 might
                 behold
                 gashes
                 and
                 wounds
                 :
              
               For
               as
               Bodies
               are
               torn
               with
               stripes
               ;
               so
               are
               the
               Souls
               of
               Men
               miserably
               dilacerated
               vvith
               blood
               ,
               lust
               ,
               and
               other
               impious
               contrivances
               .
               They
               laugh
               I
               confess
               sometimes
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               no
               true
               laughter
               :
               They
               rejoyce
               ,
               but
               their
               joyes
               are
               not
               genuine
               and
               kindly
               ;
               but
               it
               fares
               vvith
               them
               as
               vvith
               condemned
               vvretches
               in
               a
               prison
               ,
               who
               endeavour
               with
               Dice
               and
               Tables
               to
               shake
               out
               of
               their
               Memories
               the
               thoughts
               of
               their
               execution
               ,
               but
               are
               not
               able
               :
               For
               the
               deep
               impression
               of
               their
               approaching
               punishment
               ,
               remains
               with
               them
               ;
               and
               the
               fearful
               Image
               of
               pale
               Death
               is
               continually
               before
               their
               Eyes
               .
               Look
               now
               upon
               the
               Sicilian
               Tyrant
               ,
               vvith-dravving
               
               only
               the
               Veil
               of
               his
               outward
               happiness
               .
            
             
               A
               drawn
               Sword
               hangs
               in
               a
               twine
               thread
            
             
               Over
               the
               wretches
               impious
               head
               .
            
             
               Hear
               that
               Roman
               lamenting
               ,
               let
               the
               God's
               and
               Goddesses
               destroy
               me
               worse
               then
               I
               every
               day
               perceive
               my self
               to
               perish
               .
               Hear
               that
               other
               thus
               sighing
               ;
               Am
               I
               then
               that
               only
               one
               ,
               vvho
               have
               neither
               Friend
               nor
               Enemy
               ?
               These
               Lipsius
               are
               the
               true
               torments
               and
               agonies
               of
               Souls
               ;
               to
               be
               in
               perpetual
               Anguish
               ,
               Sorrow
               ,
               Dread
               ,
               and
               which
               are
               incomparably
               beyond
               any
               Racks
               ;
               or
               other
               invented
               wayes
               for
               the
               torture
               of
               the
               Body
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               
            
             
               
                 That
                 punishments
                 after
                 Death
                 do
                 await
                 the
                 wicked
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 acquitted
                 from
                 External
                 ones
                 ,
                 is
                 proved
                 by
                 examples
                 .
              
            
             
               ADde
               to
               these
               those
               Posthumous
               and
               External
               pains
               vvihch
               vve
               have
               learned
               from
               Divinity
               ;
               and
               which
               vvithout
               further
               discussion
               it
               will
               be
               sufficient
               only
               thus
               to
               mention
               .
               Adde
               to
               those
               also
               external
               punishments
               ;
               which
               yet
               if
               they
               should
               be
               wanting
               ,
               since
               the
               former
               are
               inflicted
               ,
               who
               could
               reasonably
               blame
               the
               external
               Justice
               ?
               But
               they
               are
               not
               vvanting
               .
               Nor
               was
               it
               ever
               ,
               at
               least
               very
               seldom
               ,
               but
               that
               publick
               oppressours
               ,
               and
               Men
               openly
               wicked
               ;
               do
               undergo
               publick
               and
               open
               punishments
               ;
               some
               sooner
               ,
               others
               later
               ;
               some
               in
               their
               own
               persons
               ,
               and
               
               others
               in
               those
               of
               their
               posterity
               .
               You
               complain
               of
               Dionysius
               in
               Sicily
               that
               for
               many
               years
               with
               impunity
               ,
               he
               exercises
               his
               Lusts
               ,
               Rapine
               ,
               and
               Murthers
               :
               Forbear
               awhile
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               behold
               him
               inglorious
               ,
               exiled
               ,
               pennyless
               ;
               and
               from
               a
               Sceptre
               (
               vvho
               would
               believe
               it
               )
               reduc'd
               to
               a
               Ferula
               .
               The
               King
               of
               that
               great
               Island
               shall
               teach
               School
               at
               Corinth
               ,
               being
               himself
               become
               the
               mockery
               of
               Fortune
               :
               On
               the
               other
               side
               you
               resent
               it
               vvith
               passion
               that
               Pompey
               and
               his
               Army
               of
               Patricians
               should
               be
               vanquished
               in
               the
               Plains
               of
               Pharsalia
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               conquerour
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               doth
               wanton
               and
               even
               sport
               himself
               with
               Civill
               blood
               .
               I
               do
               not
               wonder
               at
               you
               :
               For
               I
               see
               here
               the
               helm
               of
               right
               reason
               wrested
               out
               of
               the
               hands
               of
               Cato
               himself
               ,
               and
               this
               faltering
               expression
               falls
               from
               him
               :
               Divine
               things
               have
               much
               of
               obscurity
               in
               them
               .
               But
               yet
               thou
               Lipsius
               ,
               thou
               Cato
               ,
               turn
               your
               eyes
               this
               way
               a
               little
               .
               One
               sight
               shall
               reconcile
               
               you
               both
               to
               God.
               See
               that
               ambitious
               Caesar
               ;
               that
               prov'd
               commander
               in
               his
               own
               opinion
               ,
               and
               in
               others
               too
               almost
               a
               God
               ;
               see
               him
               slain
               in
               the
               Senate
               house
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               Senatours
               ;
               not
               falling
               by
               a
               single
               Death
               ,
               but
               secured
               by
               Three
               and
               twenty
               vvounds
               ;
               like
               some
               vvild
               beast
               ,
               weltring
               in
               his
               blood
               (
               and
               vvhat
               vvould
               you
               more
               )
               in
               Pompey's
               own
               Court
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               Pompey's
               Statue
               falling
               a
               great
               Sacrifice
               to
               that
               great
               shade
               .
               So
               methinks
               I
               pitty
               Brutus
               slain
               for
               and
               vvith
               his
               Country
               in
               the
               Fields
               of
               Philippi
               ;
               but
               vvithall
               I
               am
               some
               what
               satisfyed
               ,
               vvhen
               not
               long
               after
               I
               behold
               ,
               those
               victorious
               armies
               like
               gladiatours
               slaughtering
               one
               another
               at
               his
               Sepulchre
               ;
               and
               one
               of
               the
               Generalls
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
              
               vanquished
               both
               by
               Sea
               and
               land
               ;
               in
               the
               Company
               of
               three
               Women
               ,
               vvith
               that
               effeminate
               Arme
               of
               his
               scarce
               finding
               the
               Death
               he
               sought
               .
               Where
               art
               thou
               now
               thou
               once
               Lord
               of
               all
               the
               East
               ;
               thou
               
               Butcher
               of
               the
               Roman
               armies
               ;
               the
               pursuer
               of
               Pompey
               and
               the
               Common-vvealth
               ?
               See
               how
               with
               thy
               bloody
               hand
               ,
               thou
               hangest
               in
               a
               Cord
               ;
               how
               being
               yet
               alive
               thou
               creepest
               into
               thy
               monument
               ,
               and
               how
               even
               in
               Death
               it self
               thou
               art
               unwilling
               to
               be
               divorc'd
               from
               her
               that
               vvas
               the
               cause
               of
               thy
               Death
               ;
               and
               then
               judge
               whether
               dying
               Brutus
               spent
               his
               last
               breath
               and
               vvish
               in
               vain
               .
            
             
               Iove
               suffer
               not
               to
               scape
               from
               thee
            
             
               The
               cause
               of
               this
               Calamity
               .
            
             
               No
               Brutus
               ,
               he
               vvas
               not
               hid
               ;
               neither
               did
               he
               escape
               .
               No
               more
               did
               that
               other
               General
               vvho
               smarted
               for
               his
               youthful
               crimes
               ,
               not
               obscurely
               in
               his
               own
               person
               ,
               but
               most
               evidently
               in
               all
               his
               posterity
               .
               Let
               him
               be
               the
               fortunate
               and
               great
               Caesar
               ,
               and
               truly
               Augustus
               ,
               but
               vvithall
               let
               him
               have
               a
               Iulia
               
               for
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               and
               another
               for
               his
               Grandchild
               .
               Let
               him
               lose
               some
               of
               his
               Grandchildren
               by
               fraud
               ,
               others
               by
               force
               ,
               and
               let
               himself
               force
               others
               into
               exile
               :
               and
               out
               of
               the
               impatience
               of
               these
               crosses
               ,
               let
               him
               attempt
               to
               dye
               by
               a
               four
               dayes
               abstinence
               but
               not
               be
               able
               .
               To
               conclude
               let
               him
               live
               vvith
               his
               Livia
               dishonestly
               married
               ,
               and
               dishonestly
               detain'd
               ,
               and
               let
               him
               dye
               an
               unworthy
               Death
               by
               her
               ,
               on
               vvhom
               he
               so
               unworthily
               doted
               .
               In
               summe
               saith
               Pliny
               that
               Diety
               ,
               and
               who
               I
               know
               not
               more
               vvhether
               he
               attain'd
               Heaven
               ,
               or
               merited
               it
               :
               Let
               him
               dye
               and
               leave
               the
               Son
               of
               his
               Enemy
               to
               succeed
               him
               .
               These
               and
               such
               like
               are
               to
               be
               thought
               of
               Lipsius
               as
               oft
               as
               complaints
               of
               injustice
               are
               ready
               to
               break
               from
               us
               :
               and
               the
               Mind
               is
               presently
               to
               reflect
               upon
               these
               two
               things
               ;
               the
               slowness
               and
               the
               variety
               of
               punishments
               .
               Is
               not
               that
               offendour
               punished
               now
               ?
               But
               he
               shall
               be
               .
               Not
               in
               his
               Body
               ?
               Yet
               in
               his
               Conscience
               
               and
               Soul.
               Not
               vvhile
               he
               lives
               ?
               Yet
               most
               certainly
               ,
               when
               he
               is
               dead
               .
            
             
               Seldome
               slow
               punishments
               lame
               Feet
               forsake
               ,
            
             
               The
               wicked
               Wretch
               what
               hast
               soe're
               he
               make
               .
            
             
               For
               that
               Divine
               Eye
               doth
               alwayes
               vvake
               ;
               and
               vvhen
               vve
               suppose
               him
               to
               sleep
               ,
               he
               doth
               but
               vvink
               :
               Only
               see
               you
               entertain
               not
               any
               prejudice
               against
               him
               :
               Nor
               go
               about
               rashly
               to
               judge
               him
               by
               whom
               shortly
               thy self
               is
               to
               be
               judged
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVI
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Objection
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 have
                 deserved
                 punishment
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 all
                 have
                 offended
                 :
                 That
                 Man
                 cannot
                 judge
                 who
                 is
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 culpable
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 God
                 only
                 that
                 clearly
                 discerns
                 betwixt
                 crimes
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 most
                 justly
                 punishes
                 .
              
            
             
               BUut
               (
               say
               you
               )
               there
               are
               some
               people
               punished
               that
               are
               guiltless
               ,
               and
               have
               no
               vvay
               deserved
               it
               :
               For
               this
               is
               your
               Second
               complaint
               or
               rather
               Calumny
               .
               Unadvised
               Young-man
               !
               Are
               there
               then
               any
               punished
               vvho
               have
               not
               deserved
               it
               ?
               Where
               I
               beseech
               you
               are
               those
               innocent
               Nations
               to
               be
               found
               ?
               It
               is
               an
               excess
               of
               confidence
               ,
               yes
               absolute
               rashness
               and
               presumption
               to
               assert
               thus
               much
               concerning
               any
               one
               single
               person
               ;
               and
               shall
               you
               dare
               to
               justifie
               whole
               Nations
               .
               But
               to
               small
               purpose
               this
               ;
               for
               I
               am
               satisfyed
               that
               all
               of
               us
               have
               sined
               ,
               
               and
               do
               still
               every
               day
               repeat
               it
               .
               We
               are
               born
               in
               sin
               ,
               and
               so
               we
               live
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               to
               speak
               vvith
               the
               Satyrist
               the
               Magazeens
               of
               Heaven
               had
               been
               long
               since
               emptyed
               ,
               if
               its
               Thunder-bolts
               had
               alwayes
               fallen
               upon
               the
               Heads
               of
               such
               as
               deserved
               them
               .
               For
               vve
               must
               not
               think
               that
               as
               Fishes
               ,
               though
               encreas'd
               and
               bred
               up
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               do
               yet
               retain
               nothing
               of
               its
               saltness
               ;
               so
               Men
               in
               the
               filthiness
               of
               this
               World
               should
               contract
               nothing
               of
               uncleaness
               .
               If
               then
               all
               are
               in
               fault
               ;
               where
               are
               those
               guiltless
               people
               you
               speak
               of
               ,
               who
               have
               not
               deserved
               the
               punishments
               they
               undergo
               ;
               since
               it
               is
               most
               righteous
               that
               punishment
               should
               be
               the
               inseparable
               companion
               of
               unrighteousness
               But
               you
               vvill
               say
               it
               is
               the
               inequality
               of
               it
               that
               displeases
               me
               :
               For
               vve
               see
               them
               heavily
               scourged
               that
               have
               but
               lightly
               offended
               ;
               vvhile
               those
               that
               are
               outragiously
               vvicked
               ,
               do
               continue
               and
               flourish
               in
               the
               height
               of
               all
               their
               grandeurs
               .
               Would
               you
               then
               vvrest
               the
               
               ballance
               out
               of
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Heavenly
               Justice
               ,
               and
               poise
               it
               vvith
               your
               own
               vveights
               agreeable
               to
               your
               own
               apprehensions
               ?
               For
               vvhat
               else
               can
               you
               mean
               by
               that
               bold
               pronouncing
               upon
               the
               equality
               or
               inequality
               of
               crimes
               ,
               otherwise
               than
               God
               hath
               done
               before
               you
               ?
               You
               are
               therefore
               here
               Lipsius
               to
               consider
               of
               two
               things
               :
               First
               ,
               that
               a
               true
               estimation
               of
               the
               crimes
               of
               others
               ,
               neither
               can
               nor
               ought
               to
               be
               attempted
               by
               Man
               :
               For
               how
               shall
               he
               do
               it
               ;
               that
               not
               so
               much
               as
               observes
               them
               ?
               And
               vvhich
               vvay
               shall
               he
               put
               an
               exact
               difference
               ,
               betwixt
               those
               things
               vvhich
               he
               hath
               not
               so
               much
               as
               seen
               ?
               For
               you
               will
               easily
               grant
               it
               me
               that
               it
               is
               the
               Mind
               that
               sins
               ;
               by
               the
               Body
               and
               senses
               indeed
               as
               its
               instruments
               ,
               but
               yet
               so
               as
               that
               the
               main
               business
               and
               vveight
               of
               the
               crime
               ,
               doth
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               depend
               upon
               it self
               .
               This
               is
               so
               exactly
               true
               ;
               that
               if
               it
               appear
               any
               one
               hath
               unwillingly
               sinned
               ;
               he
               is
               clear
               of
               the
               sin
               .
               And
               
               if
               this
               be
               so
               how
               is
               it
               possible
               I
               beseech
               you
               ,
               that
               you
               should
               throughly
               discern
               of
               Sin
               ,
               who
               are
               not
               able
               to
               reach
               to
               the
               residence
               and
               seat
               of
               it
               .
               For
               so
               farr
               are
               you
               from
               seeing
               into
               the
               Heart
               and
               Soul
               of
               another
               ;
               that
               you
               cannot
               attain
               to
               the
               knowledge
               of
               your
               own
               :
               It
               is
               therefore
               a
               wonderful
               vanity
               ;
               and
               no
               less
               a
               temerity
               ,
               to
               pretend
               to
               the
               Censure
               and
               Arbitration
               of
               such
               things
               ,
               as
               are
               neither
               fully
               seen
               ,
               nor
               to
               be
               seen
               ;
               neither
               known
               ,
               nor
               to
               be
               known
               .
               Consider
               secondly
               ,
               that
               if
               what
               you
               say
               were
               true
               ,
               there
               were
               yet
               neither
               Evil
               nor
               injustice
               done
               to
               them
               .
               No
               Evil
               ;
               because
               it
               s
               done
               for
               their
               good
               ,
               who
               are
               presently
               punished
               ,
               even
               for
               smaller
               offences
               .
               'T
               is
               rather
               the
               love
               of
               God
               to
               them
               ;
               since
               that
               punishment
               vvhich
               is
               delayed
               is
               justly
               to
               be
               suspected
               ;
               as
               portending
               a
               heavier
               judgment
               is
               to
               come
               .
               Neither
               is
               it
               unjust
               ;
               because
               (
               as
               I
               said
               )
               we
               have
               all
               deserved
               punishment
               :
               Nor
               can
               the
               
               best
               of
               us
               pretend
               to
               so
               unblemished
               a
               purity
               ;
               but
               there
               vvill
               be
               found
               some
               such
               spots
               in
               it
               ,
               as
               are
               to
               be
               vvashed
               out
               (
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               vvith
               this
               salt
               water
               of
               Affliction
               .
               Forbear
               therefore
               young-man
               this
               intricate
               pursuit
               of
               the
               respects
               and
               proportions
               of
               crimes
               :
               And
               since
               thou
               art
               but
               an
               earthly
               and
               pedaneous
               judge
               ;
               leave
               it
               to
               God
               ,
               who
               from
               his
               higher
               tribunal
               vvill
               determine
               of
               it
               ;
               vvith
               greater
               equity
               and
               certainty
               .
               'T
               is
               he
               only
               that
               can
               distinguish
               of
               our
               deserts
               ;
               and
               't
               is
               he
               alone
               vvho
               (
               notwithstanding
               all
               artificial
               disguises
               )
               can
               behold
               both
               vice
               and
               vertue
               in
               their
               proper
               countenances
               .
               Who
               can
               impose
               upon
               him
               vvho
               equally
               searches
               into
               things
               internal
               and
               external
               ;
               that
               sees
               at
               once
               the
               Body
               and
               the
               Mind
               ,
               the
               Tongue
               and
               the
               Heart
               :
               And
               (
               to
               conclude
               )
               those
               things
               that
               are
               open
               ,
               vvith
               those
               that
               are
               recluded
               and
               retyred
               ?
               Who
               doth
               not
               only
               most
               clearly
               behold
               our
               actions
               themselves
               ,
               but
               
               also
               their
               causes
               ,
               and
               the
               vvhole
               progress
               of
               them
               .
               When
               Thales
               vvas
               ask'd
               ,
               vvhether
               a
               Man
               might
               hide
               his
               evil
               actions
               from
               God
               :
               He
               answered
               truly
               ;
               no
               nor
               his
               evil
               thoughts
               neither
               .
               Whereas
               on
               the
               contrary
               vve
               are
               here
               so
               benighted
               ;
               that
               vve
               do
               not
               only
               not
               see
               those
               close
               sins
               commited
               in
               the
               bosome
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               vvithin
               the
               Buttons
               ;
               but
               scarcely
               those
               vvhich
               are
               open
               and
               dragged
               into
               the
               light
               .
               For
               vve
               cannot
               behold
               the
               Crime
               it self
               ,
               and
               the
               vigour
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               some
               certain
               footsteps
               of
               it
               ,
               vvhen
               it
               is
               already
               committed
               ,
               and
               upon
               its
               departure
               :
               They
               oftentimes
               are
               the
               best
               Men
               to
               us
               ,
               vvho
               are
               the
               worst
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               God
               ;
               as
               on
               the
               contrary
               they
               are
               reprobates
               in
               our
               esteem
               ,
               vvho
               are
               the
               choicest
               to
               him
               .
               Forbear
               therefore
               (
               if
               you
               are
               vvise
               )
               to
               discourse
               or
               judge
               of
               persons
               that
               deserve
               or
               deserve
               not
               their
               punishments
               ;
               for
               such
               obscure
               causes
               as
               these
               are
               not
               to
               be
               decided
               ,
               by
               some
               light
               and
               superficial
               appearances
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Objection
                 ;
                 that
                 punishments
                 are
                 transferred
                 ,
                 answered
                 .
                 That
                 Men
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 why
                 God
                 doth
                 so
                 ?
              
            
             
               BUt
               you
               have
               cast
               another
               Cloud
               upon
               Justice
               ;
               vvhich
               I
               must
               disperse
               :
               It
               is
               concerning
               substitutes
               .
               For
               say
               you
               it
               is
               not
               so
               just
               that
               God
               should
               transferre
               punishments
               ;
               and
               't
               is
               somewhat
               hard
               that
               posterity
               should
               rue
               the
               crimes
               of
               their
               Ancestours
               .
               But
               vvhere
               is
               the
               wonder
               and
               strangeness
               of
               it
               .
               I
               rather
               vvonder
               at
               these
               vvonderers
               that
               they
               can
               find
               a
               wonder
               in
               that
               which
               is
               every
               day
               done
               by
               themselves
               here
               on
               Earth
               .
               Pray
               tell
               me
               ;
               do
               not
               those
               honours
               ,
               vvhich
               for
               his
               vertue
               a
               Prince
               hath
               conferred
               upon
               the
               Ancestours
               ,
               descend
               to
               his
               posterity
               ?
               Yes
               they
               do
               ;
               and
               so
               also
               
               do
               those
               mulcts
               and
               punishments
               ,
               vvhich
               are
               inflicted
               on
               him
               for
               his
               offences
               .
               In
               attaindours
               for
               treason
               or
               rebellion
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               these
               are
               guilty
               ;
               but
               others
               share
               in
               the
               punishment
               vvhich
               humane
               cruelty
               doth
               so
               farr
               enlarge
               ;
               as
               to
               make
               Lawes
               that
               follow
               the
               innocent
               Children
               vvith
               perpetual
               vvants
               ;
               such
               as
               make
               life
               a
               burthen
               ,
               and
               death
               a
               comfort
               .
               Perverse
               Minds
               ,
               who
               will
               permit
               that
               to
               be
               lawful
               to
               a
               Prince
               or
               Magistrate
               ;
               which
               you
               forbid
               to
               God
               :
               Who
               yet
               if
               you
               examine
               it
               rightly
               hath
               a
               juster
               reason
               for
               his
               severity
               .
               For
               all
               of
               us
               in
               one
               have
               sinned
               ,
               and
               rebelled
               against
               this
               great
               King
               ;
               and
               through
               so
               many
               successive
               Generations
               that
               first
               blot
               hath
               been
               derived
               to
               the
               unhappy
               Children
               :
               So
               that
               there
               is
               to
               God
               a
               continued
               twist
               and
               chain
               of
               Crimes
               .
               For
               instance
               ;
               my
               Father
               or
               yours
               did
               not
               begin
               to
               sin
               ,
               but
               all
               the
               Fathers
               of
               our
               Fathers
               :
               What
               vvonder
               then
               is
               it
               if
               he
               punish
               
               in
               their
               posterity
               not
               (
               properly
               )
               divers
               offences
               ;
               but
               such
               as
               by
               a
               kind
               of
               communion
               of
               seed
               ,
               have
               been
               still
               linked
               and
               coupled
               together
               ,
               and
               never
               discontinued
               .
               But
               to
               omit
               these
               higher
               speculations
               ,
               and
               to
               deal
               with
               you
               ,
               in
               a
               more
               popular
               way
               of
               reasoning
               .
               You
               must
               know
               this
               that
               God
               joynes
               those
               things
               ,
               vvhich
               vve
               (
               through
               ignorance
               and
               unskilfulness
               )
               use
               to
               sever
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               considers
               Families
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               and
               Kingdomes
               ;
               not
               as
               divided
               but
               as
               one
               Body
               and
               Nature
               :
               The
               Family
               of
               the
               Scipio's
               or
               the
               Caesars
               is
               one
               thing
               to
               him
               .
               Rome
               or
               Athens
               ,
               for
               the
               whole
               time
               of
               their
               duration
               ,
               were
               but
               one
               to
               him
               ;
               and
               so
               was
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               and
               that
               very
               justly
               ,
               for
               the
               Society
               of
               the
               same
               laws
               ,
               and
               priviledges
               ,
               is
               that
               bond
               vvhich
               unites
               these
               great
               bodyes
               ,
               and
               intitles
               them
               though
               in
               several
               ages
               ,
               to
               a
               communion
               in
               partaking
               of
               rewards
               and
               punishments
               .
               Were
               then
               the
               Scipio's
               of
               old
               good
               ?
               That
               Heavenly
               
               judge
               vvill
               remember
               it
               to
               the
               advantage
               of
               their
               posterity
               .
               Were
               they
               Evil
               ?
               It
               shall
               be
               hurtful
               to
               them
               .
               Were
               the
               Belgians
               some
               years
               ago
               ;
               Lascivious
               ,
               Covetous
               ,
               Impious
               ?
               We
               shall
               suffer
               for
               it
               .
               For
               in
               every
               external
               punishment
               ,
               God
               not
               only
               beholds
               the
               present
               ,
               but
               also
               looks
               back
               upon
               pass'd
               times
               ;
               and
               vvith
               the
               vveights
               of
               them
               both
               ,
               doth
               most
               equally
               poise
               the
               ballance
               of
               his
               Justice
               .
               I
               sayd
               in
               external
               punishments
               and
               I
               vvould
               have
               you
               to
               observe
               it
               .
               For
               crimes
               themselves
               are
               not
               transferr'd
               ,
               nor
               is
               there
               a
               kind
               of
               confusion
               of
               them
               :
               God
               forbid
               there
               should
               .
               But
               certain
               punishments
               and
               corrections
               only
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               about
               us
               not
               in
               us
               ;
               and
               which
               properly
               respect
               the
               Body
               ,
               or
               estate
               ;
               but
               not
               this
               inward
               Mind
               of
               ours
               .
               And
               in
               all
               this
               where
               is
               the
               injury
               ?
               We
               are
               doubtless
               willing
               to
               be
               heirs
               of
               those
               advantages
               ,
               and
               rewards
               (
               if
               any
               )
               that
               are
               due
               to
               our
               ancestours
               :
               And
               if
               
               so
               ;
               why
               do
               we
               refuse
               the
               burdens
               ,
               and
               punishments
               ?
            
             
               Those
               Plagues
               for
               which
               the
               former
               times
               did
               call
            
             
               On
               thee
               poor
               Roman
               undeservedly
               fall
               ;
            
             
               Sings
               the
               Roman
               Poet
               ,
               and
               truly
               ;
               had
               he
               not
               added
               undeservedly
               .
               For
               't
               is
               most
               deservedly
               ,
               since
               our
               ancestours
               did
               deserve
               it
               .
               But
               the
               Poet
               could
               only
               see
               the
               effect
               :
               He
               ascended
               not
               to
               the
               cause
               ;
               but
               as
               in
               one
               and
               the
               same
               Man
               ,
               we
               justly
               punish
               in
               his
               old
               age
               ,
               that
               offence
               ,
               which
               he
               committed
               in
               his
               youth
               :
               So
               doth
               God
               the
               elder
               crimes
               of
               Empires
               and
               Kingdomes
               ,
               because
               in
               respect
               of
               their
               outward
               communion
               ,
               they
               are
               to
               him
               but
               one
               conjoyned
               thing
               .
               These
               intervalls
               of
               time
               do
               not
               divide
               us
               with
               him
               who
               comprehends
               all
               eternity
               in
               
               the
               vastness
               of
               his
               Mind
               .
               Should
               those
               martial
               Wolves
               ,
               heretofore
               rase
               so
               many
               Cities
               ,
               and
               break
               so
               many
               Scepters
               vvith
               impunity
               ?
               Should
               they
               broach
               so
               much
               blood
               by
               the
               slaughters
               of
               others
               ;
               and
               themselves
               never
               bleed
               for
               't
               ?
               I
               should
               then
               indeed
               confess
               that
               God
               to
               be
               no
               avenger
               ,
               who
               yet
               hears
               and
               sees
               all
               that
               we
               do
               .
               But
               they
               shall
               not
               scape
               so
               ,
               at
               length
               of
               Necessity
               they
               must
               undergo
               punishments
               at
               least
               in
               their
               posterity
               ;
               such
               as
               are
               slow
               indeed
               ,
               but
               not
               too
               late
               .
               Nor
               is
               there
               a
               conjunction
               of
               time
               only
               vvith
               God
               but
               of
               parts
               too
               .
               I
               mean
               thus
               ,
               that
               as
               in
               a
               Man
               the
               whole
               Body
               suffers
               ,
               when
               possibly
               only
               the
               hand
               ,
               or
               groin
               ,
               or
               belly
               has
               offended
               :
               So
               is
               it
               in
               great
               Societies
               .
               All
               many
               times
               do
               account
               for
               the
               faults
               of
               a
               few
               :
               Especially
               if
               those
               that
               have
               sinned
               are
               (
               as
               it
               were
               )
               the
               more
               principal
               members
               ;
               as
               Kings
               ,
               Princes
               ,
               and
               Magistrates
               .
               Hesiod
               spake
               truly
               ,
               
               and
               from
               the
               most
               inward
               recess
               of
               Wisdom
               it self
               .
            
             
               For
               one
               Mans
               crime
               ,
               oft
               the
               whole
               City
               smarts
            
             
               For
               his
               oppressive
               sacrilegious
               Arts
               ;
            
             
               Jove
               from
               high
               Heaven
               his
               dreadful
               vengeance
               sheds
            
             
               Of
               Plague
               or
               Famine
               upon
               all
               their
               heads
               .
            
             
               So
               the
               vvhole
               Navy
               of
               the
               Graecians
               perished
               .
            
             
               For
               ones
               offence
               what
               Ajax
               did
               commit
            
             
               In
               the
               distemper
               of
               a
               brain-sick
               fit
               .
            
             
               Thus
               in
               Iudea
               threescore
               and
               ten
               thousand
               were
               slain
               with
               a
               single
               pestilence
               ;
               for
               the
               unlawful
               pleasure
               of
               their
               King.
               And
               sometimes
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ;
               God
               singles
               out
               one
               or
               but
               some
               few
               ;
               to
               be
               the
               expiatours
               of
               a
               general
               sin
               .
               In
               which
               if
               he
               recede
               something
               from
               the
               rigid
               Law
               of
               parity
               ;
               yet
               out
               of
               that
               very
               disparity
               a
               
               new
               equity
               is
               raised
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               a
               merciful
               act
               of
               Justice
               towards
               many
               ;
               which
               seems
               cruelty
               upen
               a
               few
               .
               Does
               not
               the
               School-master
               give
               the
               Ferula
               to
               some
               one
               of
               his
               wantonizing
               Scholars
               ?
               And
               does
               not
               a
               General
               chastize
               his
               cowardly
               Army
               ,
               by
               the
               decimation
               of
               them
               ?
               And
               both
               these
               upon
               the
               safest
               considerations
               :
               because
               the
               punishment
               though
               but
               of
               those
               few
               does
               terrify
               and
               amend
               all
               .
               I
               have
               often
               seen
               the
               Physitian
               strike
               a
               vein
               in
               the
               Foot
               or
               Arm
               ,
               vvhen
               the
               whole
               body
               was
               distempered
               :
               how
               know
               I
               but
               it
               may
               be
               thus
               here
               .
               These
               are
               secrets
               Lipsius
               ,
               secrets
               I
               say
               ,
               and
               if
               vve
               are
               vvise
               let
               us
               presume
               no
               nearer
               unto
               this
               sacred
               fire
               ,
               some
               sparkling
               emanations
               and
               bright
               emissions
               of
               which
               Men
               may
               possibly
               behold
               ,
               but
               it self
               they
               cannot
               .
               As
               they
               lose
               their
               sight
               that
               too
               daringly
               gaze
               upon
               the
               Sun
               ;
               So
               they
               all
               the
               light
               of
               their
               Minds
               ,
               who
               too
               intentively
               fix
               it
               upon
               this
               more
               glorious
               light
               .
               Let
               
               us
               therefore
               abstain
               from
               that
               which
               is
               at
               once
               of
               so
               curious
               and
               so
               dangerous
               a
               disquisition
               :
               And
               let
               us
               rest
               satisfied
               at
               least
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               crimes
               neither
               can
               nor
               ought
               to
               be
               estimated
               by
               Men
               ,
               that
               the
               ballance
               and
               tribunal
               of
               God
               is
               different
               from
               that
               of
               ours
               ;
               and
               that
               how
               abstruse
               soever
               those
               judgments
               are
               ,
               yet
               they
               are
               not
               to
               be
               blamed
               ,
               but
               patiently
               undergone
               and
               trembled
               at
               by
               us
               .
               This
               one
               Sentence
               I
               shall
               immind
               you
               of
               ,
               and
               with
               it
               ,
               shall
               both
               close
               this
               discourse
               and
               shut
               the
               mouths
               too
               of
               all
               those
               Curioso's
               .
               The
               judgments
               of
               God
               are
               many
               of
               them
               hidden
               ;
               but
               none
               of
               them
               unjust
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVIII
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 transition
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Argument
                 for
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 from
                 Examples
                 .
                 That
                 sometimes
                 it
                 is
                 adviseable
                 to
                 mix
                 harsher
                 Physick
                 with
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 are
                 pleasant
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               is
               that
               Lipsius
               which
               I
               thought
               meet
               to
               say
               in
               the
               behalf
               of
               Divine
               justice
               against
               these
               unjust
               Cavillers
               .
               And
               though
               (
               I
               confess
               )
               it
               doth
               not
               directly
               lead
               on
               my
               discourse
               :
               Yet
               neither
               is
               it
               at
               all
               besides
               it
               .
               For
               we
               shall
               doubtless
               undergo
               our
               Calamities
               with
               greater
               cheerfulness
               and
               patience
               ;
               when
               once
               we
               are
               throughly
               satisfyed
               that
               they
               are
               not
               unjust
               .
               And
               here
               Langius
               pawsing
               awhile
               ,
               he
               suddenly
               broke
               forth
               again
               .
               'T
               is
               well
               (
               said
               he
               )
               I
               have
               recovered
               breath
               ;
               I
               have
               got
               beyond
               all
               those
               Rocks
               of
               objections
               ;
               and
               now
               (
               methinks
               )
               I
               may
               
               with
               full
               Sails
               spoom
               away
               into
               the
               Haven
               .
               I
               discover
               my
               fourth
               and
               last
               Brigade
               ;
               which
               I
               shall
               very
               cheerfully
               lead
               up
               .
               And
               as
               Marriners
               in
               a
               tempest
               when
               they
               behold
               the
               Twins
               are
               full
               of
               hopes
               and
               mirth
               :
               So
               also
               am
               I
               (
               after
               all
               these
               storms
               )
               at
               the
               appearance
               of
               my
               Twinny
               Legion
               .
               I
               may
               safely
               call
               it
               so
               after
               the
               old
               custom
               since
               it
               is
               double
               .
               And
               two
               things
               I
               shall
               evince
               by
               it
               ;
               that
               these
               miseries
               which
               we
               now
               suffer
               are
               neither
               grievous
               ,
               nor
               new
               .
               Which
               while
               I
               shall
               dispatch
               in
               those
               few
               things
               that
               remain
               yet
               to
               say
               ;
               see
               Lipsius
               ,
               that
               you
               be
               attentive
               .
               Never
               more
               Langius
               (
               reply'd
               I
               )
               for
               it
               joyes
               me
               to
               have
               passed
               these
               difficulties
               ;
               and
               after
               these
               serious
               and
               severer
               Medicines
               ,
               I
               greedily
               long
               after
               this
               gentle
               and
               more
               popular
               one
               ;
               for
               so
               the
               Title
               promises
               me
               it
               is
               .
               Nor
               are
               you
               mistaken
               said
               Langius
               ,
               for
               as
               Physitians
               after
               they
               have
               sufficiently
               made
               use
               of
               Causticks
               and
               Incisions
               ;
               do
               not
               so
               
               cast
               off
               and
               relinquish
               their
               patients
               ;
               but
               apply
               some
               gentle
               fomentations
               ,
               and
               other
               remedies
               to
               asswage
               their
               pains
               :
               So
               will
               I
               deal
               vvith
               you
               ;
               whom
               (
               because
               I
               have
               enough
               followed
               with
               the
               sharper
               methods
               of
               wisdom
               )
               I
               will
               now
               cherish
               with
               milder
               discourses
               ,
               and
               handle
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               vvith
               a
               Ladies
               hand
               .
               I
               shall
               descend
               from
               that
               steep
               hill
               of
               Philosophy
               ;
               and
               take
               a
               turn
               or
               two
               vvith
               you
               ,
               in
               the
               pleasant
               plains
               of
               your
               Philology
               ,
               and
               that
               not
               so
               much
               to
               recreate
               you
               as
               to
               compleat
               your
               cure
               .
               As
               they
               say
               Demochares
               the
               Physitian
               did
               to
               the
               Lady
               Considia
               since
               she
               refused
               all
               har●her
               prescriptions
               he
               caused
               her
               to
               drink
               the
               Milk
               of
               Goats
               ;
               but
               yet
               such
               as
               he
               had
               fed
               vvith
               the
               Branches
               of
               the
               Lentisk
               Tree
               :
               So
               I
               vvill
               administer
               to
               you
               ,
               Historical
               and
               pleasing
               things
               ,
               vvhich
               yet
               shall
               have
               a
               secret
               tincture
               of
               the
               juice
               of
               Wisdom
               .
               What
               matter
               is
               it
               how
               vve
               cure
               our
               patient
               ,
               so
               vve
               make
               a
               perfect
               cure
               of
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIX
               .
            
             
               
                 That
                 publick
                 Evils
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 they
                 seem
                 ,
                 proved
                 first
                 by
                 Reason
                 .
                 That
                 we
                 fear
                 the
                 circumstance
                 and
                 dress
                 of
                 things
                 rather
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
              
            
             
               MArch
               on
               then
               my
               Legion
               ;
               and
               before
               the
               rest
               ,
               let
               that
               cohort
               first
               advance
               ,
               vvith
               vvhich
               vve
               shall
               maintain
               that
               these
               publick
               evils
               are
               not
               grievous
               ,
               this
               shall
               be
               performed
               vvith
               the
               double
               vveapon
               of
               reason
               and
               comparison
               of
               reason
               .
               First
               ,
               for
               if
               vve
               respect
               that
               ,
               all
               those
               evils
               which
               are
               either
               present
               or
               imminent
               ,
               are
               not
               really
               either
               great
               or
               grievous
               ,
               but
               are
               so
               only
               in
               appearance
               .
               It
               is
               Opinion
               that
               heightens
               and
               aggravates
               our
               calamities
               ,
               and
               presents
               them
               to
               us
               in
               so
               tragical
               a
               garbe
               .
               But
               (
               if
               you
               are
               wise
               )
               disperse
               this
               circumjected
               
               Cloud
               ,
               and
               examine
               things
               by
               a
               clearer
               light
               .
               For
               instance
               ,
               you
               fear
               Poverty
               amongst
               these
               publick
               Evils
               ,
               Banishment
               ,
               Death
               :
               All
               which
               notwithstanding
               ,
               if
               you
               look
               upon
               them
               vvith
               a
               perfect
               and
               setled
               Eye
               ,
               vvhat
               are
               they
               ?
               If
               you
               examine
               them
               by
               their
               own
               just
               vveights
               ,
               how
               light
               are
               they
               ?
               This
               Warr
               or
               Tyranny
               by
               multiplyed
               contributions
               vvill
               exhaust
               you
               ;
               vvhat
               then
               ?
               You
               shall
               be
               a
               poor
               Man.
               Did
               not
               Nature
               it self
               bring
               you
               into
               the
               World
               so
               ?
               And
               vvill
               it
               not
               hurry
               you
               thence
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               ?
               But
               if
               the
               despised
               and
               infamous
               name
               of
               it
               ,
               displease
               you
               ;
               change
               it
               ,
               call
               your self
               free
               and
               delivered
               .
               For
               Fortune
               (
               if
               you
               know
               it
               not
               )
               hath
               disburdened
               you
               and
               placed
               you
               in
               a
               securer
               station
               ,
               vvhere
               none
               shall
               exhaust
               you
               any
               more
               :
               So
               that
               vvhat
               you
               esteemed
               a
               loss
               ,
               is
               no
               other
               than
               a
               remedy
               .
               But
               say
               you
               I
               shall
               be
               an
               exile
               ;
               call
               it
               (
               if
               you
               please
               )
               a
               stranger
               .
               If
               you
               change
               your
               affection
               ;
               
               you
               change
               your
               Country
               .
               A
               vvise
               Man
               vvheresoever
               he
               is
               ,
               is
               but
               a
               sojourner
               ;
               a
               Fool
               is
               ever
               banished
               .
               But
               I
               daily
               expect
               Death
               from
               the
               Tyrant
               :
               As
               if
               you
               did
               not
               do
               the
               same
               from
               Nature
               .
               But
               that
               is
               an
               infamous
               Death
               that
               comes
               by
               the
               Ax
               or
               Halter
               :
               Fool
               !
               nor
               that
               nor
               any
               other
               Death
               is
               infamous
               :
               unless
               your
               life
               be
               so
               .
               Recall
               to
               your
               thoughts
               all
               the
               excellent
               and
               more
               illustrious
               persons
               since
               the
               vvorld
               began
               ;
               and
               you
               shall
               find
               them
               snatched
               away
               by
               a
               violent
               and
               untimely
               Death
               .
               Thus
               Lipsius
               you
               must
               examine
               (
               for
               I
               have
               given
               you
               but
               a
               tast
               )
               all
               those
               things
               vvhich
               have
               so
               frightfull
               an
               appearance
               ,
               you
               must
               look
               upon
               them
               naked
               and
               apart
               ,
               from
               those
               vizards
               and
               disguises
               ;
               vvhich
               opinion
               hath
               put
               upon
               them
               .
               But
               alass
               poor
               creatures
               ;
               vve
               gaze
               only
               upon
               the
               vain
               outsides
               of
               t●ings
               :
               Nor
               do
               vve
               dread
               the
               things
               themselves
               ,
               so
               much
               as
               we
               do
               the
               circumstantial
               dresses
               of
               them
               .
               If
               you
               put
               to
               Sea
               ,
               and
               it
               swell
               high
               ,
               your
               
               heart
               fails
               ,
               and
               you
               tremble
               at
               such
               a
               rate
               ,
               as
               if
               (
               should
               you
               suffer
               Shipwrack
               )
               you
               were
               to
               swallow
               it
               all
               ;
               vvhen
               alass
               one
               or
               two
               Sextaries
               would
               be
               sufficient
               .
               If
               there
               be
               a
               sudden
               Earth-quake
               ;
               what
               a
               cry
               ,
               and
               vvhat
               fears
               it
               raises
               ?
               You
               apprehend
               immediately
               ,
               that
               the
               vvhole
               City
               (
               or
               house
               at
               least
               )
               vvill
               fall
               upon
               you
               :
               Not
               considering
               how
               sufficient
               any
               single
               stone
               is
               to
               perform
               the
               vvork
               of
               Death
               .
               'T
               is
               thus
               in
               all
               these
               calamities
               ;
               in
               vvhich
               it
               is
               the
               noise
               and
               vain
               image
               of
               things
               that
               chiefly
               affrights
               us
               .
               See
               that
               Guard
               ;
               these
               Swords
               .
               And
               what
               can
               that
               Guard
               ,
               or
               those
               Swords
               do
               ?
               They
               vvill
               kill
               .
               And
               vvhat
               is
               that
               being
               kill'd
               ?
               'T
               is
               only
               a
               single
               Death
               ;
               and
               lest
               that
               name
               should
               affright
               you
               :
               It
               is
               the
               departure
               of
               the
               Soul
               from
               the
               Body
               .
               All
               those
               military
               troops
               ,
               All
               those
               threatning
               Swords
               ,
               shall
               perform
               no
               more
               than
               vvhat
               one
               Feaver
               ,
               one
               Grapestone
               ,
               or
               one
               Insect
               can
               do
               .
               But
               this
               is
               the
               harsher
               vvay
               of
               
               dying
               .
               Rather
               it
               is
               much
               the
               milder
               ,
               for
               that
               Feaver
               vvhich
               you
               vvould
               preferr
               ,
               does
               often
               torture
               a
               Man
               for
               a
               year
               together
               ;
               but
               these
               dispatch
               him
               vvith
               a
               blow
               ,
               in
               an
               instant
               .
               Socrates
               therefore
               said
               vvell
               ;
               vvho
               vvas
               vvont
               to
               call
               all
               these
               things
               by
               no
               other
               name
               than
               that
               of
               Goblins
               and
               Vizzards
               ,
               vvhich
               (
               if
               you
               put
               on
               you
               )
               will
               fright
               the
               children
               ;
               but
               if
               you
               take
               them
               off
               again
               ,
               and
               appear
               vvith
               your
               own
               face
               ,
               they
               'l
               come
               again
               to
               you
               and
               embrace
               you
               .
               'T
               is
               the
               very
               same
               vvith
               these
               evils
               ;
               vvhose
               Vizzards
               if
               your
               pluck
               off
               ,
               and
               behold
               them
               apart
               from
               their
               disguises
               ;
               you
               vvill
               confess
               you
               vvere
               scared
               vvith
               a
               childish
               fear
               .
               As
               Hail
               falling
               upon
               a
               house
               dashes
               it self
               in
               pieces
               :
               So
               if
               these
               calamities
               light
               upon
               a
               constant
               Mind
               ,
               they
               do
               not
               break
               it
               but
               themselves
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XX.
               
            
             
               
                 A
                 Second
                 proof
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Comparison
                 .
                 But
                 first
                 the
                 Calamities
                 of
                 the
                 Belgians
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Age
                 heightned
                 .
                 That
                 common
                 Opinion
                 refuted
                 .
                 And
                 proved
                 that
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Man
                 is
                 prone
                 to
                 aggravate
                 our
                 own
                 Afflictions
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Did
               not
               expect
               so
               serious
               a
               discourse
               from
               Langius
               and
               therefore
               interrupting
               him
               ;
               vvhether
               go
               you
               said
               I
               ,
               was
               this
               it
               you
               promised
               ?
               I
               expected
               the
               sweet
               and
               delicious
               vvines
               of
               History
               ;
               and
               you
               bring
               me
               such
               harsh
               and
               unpleasant
               ones
               ,
               as
               scarce
               all
               the
               stores
               of
               Wisdom
               vvill
               afford
               their
               like
               .
               Suppose
               you
               that
               you
               are
               speaking
               to
               some
               Thales
               ?
               'T
               is
               to
               Lipsius
               a
               Man
               ;
               and
               that
               of
               the
               middle
               rank
               ;
               vvho
               desires
               remedies
               that
               are
               somewhat
               more
               humane
               than
               these
               .
               
               Langius
               vvith
               a
               mild
               countenance
               and
               tone
               ,
               I
               acknowledge
               (
               said
               he
               )
               you
               justly
               blame
               me
               .
               For
               vvhile
               I
               followed
               that
               pure
               ray
               of
               reason
               ;
               I
               perceive
               I
               am
               got
               out
               of
               the
               common
               Road
               ,
               and
               unawares
               again
               fallen
               into
               the
               path
               of
               Wisdom
               .
               But
               I
               return
               now
               ;
               to
               vvalk
               vvith
               you
               in
               a
               vvay
               that
               is
               better
               known
               ;
               since
               the
               austerity
               of
               that
               wine
               doth
               displease
               you
               ;
               I
               shall
               quallify
               and
               allay
               it
               vvith
               the
               sweets
               of
               examples
               .
               I
               come
               now
               to
               comparison
               ;
               and
               I
               vvill
               clearly
               shew
               you
               that
               in
               all
               these
               calamities
               vvhich
               every
               vvay
               surround
               us
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               great
               or
               grievous
               ,
               if
               you
               compare
               them
               with
               those
               in
               times
               past
               ,
               For
               those
               of
               old
               vvere
               greater
               by
               many
               degrees
               ,
               and
               more
               truly
               to
               be
               lamented
               .
               I
               replyed
               vvith
               a
               gesture
               that
               discovered
               something
               of
               impatience
               .
               Will
               you
               averre
               this
               said
               I
               
                 
                   —
                   and
                   hope
                   you
                   to
                   perswade
                
                 
                   Me
                   to
                   believe
                   what
                   you
                   have
                   said
                   ?
                
              
            
             
             
               Never
               Langius
               so
               long
               as
               I
               am
               Master
               of
               my
               reason
               ;
               for
               vvhat
               former
               age
               (
               if
               you
               rightly
               consider
               it
               )
               vvas
               ever
               so
               calamitous
               as
               this
               of
               ours
               ,
               or
               vvhat
               after
               one
               shall
               be
               ?
               What
               Nation
               ?
               What
               Country
               ever
               endured
               ,
               
                 
                   So
                   heavy
                   miseries
                   and
                   manifold
                
                 
                   Grievous
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   be
                   suffered
                   ,
                   or
                   be
                   told
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               As
               vve
               Belgians
               do
               at
               this
               day
               ?
               You
               see
               vve
               are
               involved
               in
               a
               Warr
               ;
               not
               in
               a
               forreign
               one
               only
               ,
               but
               a
               civil
               ;
               and
               that
               in
               the
               very
               bowels
               of
               us
               .
               For
               there
               are
               not
               only
               parties
               amongst
               us
               ,
               but
               (
               O
               my
               Country
               vvhat
               hand
               shall
               preserve
               thee
               )
               a
               subdivision
               of
               those
               parties
               .
               Add
               to
               this
               the
               Pestilence
               ,
               add
               Famine
               ,
               add
               Taxes
               ,
               Rapines
               ,
               Slaughters
               ,
               and
               the
               height
               of
               all
               the
               Tyranny
               and
               Oppression
               ,
               not
               of
               our
               Bodies
               only
               ,
               but
               our
               Souls
               too
               .
               And
               in
               the
               rest
               of
               Europe
               vvhat
               is
               there
               ?
               Either
               Warr
               or
               the
               expectation
               of
               
               Warr
               ,
               or
               if
               there
               be
               peace
               ,
               it
               is
               conjoyned
               with
               a
               base
               subjection
               to
               petty
               Rulers
               ;
               and
               not
               a
               vvhit
               eligible
               before
               Warr
               it self
               .
               Which
               way
               soever
               you
               turn
               your
               Eyes
               or
               thoughts
               ,
               you
               vvill
               find
               all
               things
               full
               of
               suspition
               and
               suspense
               :
               And
               as
               in
               a
               house
               that
               is
               ill
               underpropt
               ;
               many
               visible
               signes
               of
               an
               approaching
               ruine
               .
               To
               conclude
               Langius
               as
               there
               is
               a
               General
               rendezvous
               of
               all
               Rivers
               at
               the
               Ocean
               :
               So
               all
               sorts
               of
               Calamities
               seem
               to
               Centre
               in
               this
               Age.
               And
               yet
               I
               now
               speak
               only
               of
               such
               as
               are
               at
               present
               upon
               us
               ;
               what
               are
               those
               that
               await
               us
               ?
               Of
               vvhich
               I
               may
               justly
               sing
               that
               of
               Euripides
               ,
               
                 
                   Such
                   spacious
                   Seas
                   of
                   ills
                   I
                   see
                
                 
                   As
                   cannot
                   safely
                   passed
                   be
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Langius
               looking
               severely
               upon
               me
               ;
               do
               you
               again
               (
               said
               he
               )
               cast
               your self
               down
               vvith
               these
               complainings
               ?
               I
               thought
               by
               this
               time
               you
               had
               stood
               
               firme
               ;
               and
               that
               your
               vvound
               had
               been
               closed
               :
               But
               you
               relapse
               .
               If
               ever
               you
               vvill
               recover
               ,
               it
               is
               requisite
               ,
               that
               there
               be
               a
               kind
               of
               calmness
               in
               your
               Mind
               .
               This
               Age
               say
               you
               is
               the
               most
               unhappy
               .
               It
               is
               an
               old
               complaint
               ;
               I
               know
               your
               Gransier
               said
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               so
               likewise
               your
               Father
               ;
               I
               know
               also
               your
               posterity
               vvill
               have
               the
               same
               complaint
               .
               Nature
               has
               rivered
               this
               into
               the
               Disposition
               of
               Man
               ;
               to
               look
               fixedly
               upon
               his
               Evils
               ;
               and
               to
               shut
               his
               Eyes
               upon
               his
               mercies
               .
               As
               Flyes
               and
               other
               Insects
               ,
               do
               not
               rest
               long
               upon
               smooth
               and
               polished
               places
               ,
               but
               stick
               to
               those
               that
               are
               rough
               and
               soiled
               :
               So
               this
               querulous
               Mind
               of
               ours
               ,
               lightly
               overpasses
               our
               better
               fortunes
               :
               But
               vvill
               not
               be
               vvithdrawn
               from
               its
               contemplations
               of
               that
               vvhich
               is
               vvorse
               .
               It
               handles
               and
               pryes
               into
               its
               evils
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               most
               part
               shews
               it self
               vvitty
               ,
               in
               the
               aggravating
               comments
               that
               it
               maks
               upon
               them
               .
               As
               lovers
               ever
               find
               something
               
               in
               their
               mistress
               ;
               for
               vvhich
               she
               must
               needs
               surpass
               all
               others
               in
               excellency
               :
               So
               do
               those
               that
               are
               afflicted
               ,
               vvith
               their
               miseries
               .
               Yes
               vve
               fancy
               to
               our selves
               vain
               additions
               ,
               and
               lament
               not
               only
               our
               present
               ,
               but
               future
               Calamities
               .
               And
               vvhat
               is
               the
               reward
               of
               this
               too
               too
               inquisitive
               Genius
               of
               ours
               ?
               No
               other
               ,
               than
               as
               some
               Armies
               are
               frighted
               out
               of
               their
               Camp
               ,
               by
               the
               dust
               that
               is
               raised
               afarr
               off
               :
               So
               vve
               are
               often
               cast
               down
               ,
               by
               the
               false
               shaddow
               of
               a
               future
               danger
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXI
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 more
                 strict
                 confutation
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 comparing
                 the
                 present
                 Evils
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 former
                 times
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 of
                 Warrs
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 wonderfull
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Jews
                 .
              
            
             
               LEave
               then
               those
               vulgar
               things
               Lipsius
               ,
               and
               follow
               me
               to
               that
               comparison
               vvhich
               you
               challenge
               me
               to
               make
               .
               By
               this
               I
               shall
               clear
               it
               to
               you
               ,
               that
               as
               to
               all
               the
               sorts
               of
               Calamities
               ,
               not
               only
               the
               like
               have
               happened
               of
               old
               ,
               but
               also
               greater
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               age
               we
               live
               in
               ,
               ha's
               rather
               matter
               of
               triumph
               than
               complaint
               .
               We
               are
               engaged
               in
               a
               Warr
               say
               you
               .
               What
               ?
               Were
               there
               then
               no
               Warrs
               amongst
               the
               ancients
               ?
               Yes
               Lipsius
               they
               vvere
               begun
               vvith
               the
               vvorld
               ;
               nor
               are
               they
               like
               to
               end
               but
               vvith
               it
               .
               But
               possibly
               they
               were
               not
               so
               great
               ,
               so
               grievous
               
               as
               ours
               .
               So
               farr
               are
               you
               from
               the
               truth
               ;
               that
               (
               I
               speak
               seriously
               )
               these
               vvars
               of
               ours
               ,
               are
               onely
               pastime
               and
               sport
               ,
               if
               compar'd
               vvith
               those
               of
               the
               Antients
               .
               I
               cannot
               easily
               find
               an
               entrance
               or
               an
               exit
               ,
               if
               I
               should
               once
               lanch
               forth
               into
               this
               depth
               of
               examples
               .
               Nevertheless
               ,
               vvill
               you
               that
               vve
               travel
               through
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               ?
               Let
               us
               s●r
               forward
               then
               ,
               and
               begin
               vvith
               Iudea
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               vvith
               the
               holy
               Land
               and
               Nation
               .
               I
               omit
               what
               they
               suffered
               in
               AEgypt
               ,
               and
               what
               after
               their
               departure
               from
               thence
               ;
               for
               those
               are
               recorded
               ,
               and
               easily
               to
               be
               met
               with
               in
               the
               Scriptures
               .
               I
               come
               to
               their
               later
               sufferings
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               did
               accompany
               their
               funerals
               ;
               which
               I
               will
               place
               severally
               as
               in
               an
               Index
               .
               They
               suffered
               vvhat
               by
               civil
               and
               what
               by
               forreign
               warres
               ,
               all
               that
               followes
               .
               viz.
               
            
             
               Slaine
               at
               Ierusalem
               by
               the
               command
               of
               Florus
               six
               hundred
               and
               thirty
               .
            
             
               At
               Caesaraea
               by
               the
               inhabitants
               out
               
               of
               hate
               to
               the
               Nation
               and
               their
               Religion
               ;
               twenty
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Scythopolus
               a
               City
               of
               Caelosyria
               ,
               thirteen
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Ascalon
               in
               Palestine
               by
               the
               inhabitants
               also
               ,
               two
               thousand
               five
               hundered
               .
            
             
               At
               Ptolemais
               in
               like
               manner
               ,
               two
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Alexandria
               in
               AEgypt
               under
               
                 Tyberius
                 Alexander
              
               the
               then
               Governour
               ;
               fifty
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Damascus
               ,
               ten
               thousand
               .
            
             
               All
               this
               was
               done
               seditiously
               ,
               and
               by
               vvay
               of
               tumult
               ;
               but
               there
               were
               slain
               besides
               in
               a
               just
               and
               open
               warr
               by
               the
               Romans
            
             
               At
               the
               taking
               of
               Ioppa
               by
               
                 Caesius
                 Florus
              
               ,
               eight
               thousand
               and
               four
               hundred
               .
            
             
               On
               a
               Mountain
               called
               Cabulon
               ,
               two
               thousand
               .
            
             
               In
               a
               fight
               at
               Ascalon
               ,
               ten
               thousand
               .
            
             
               Besides
               by
               stratagem
               ,
               eight
               thousand
               .
            
             
             
               At
               the
               taking
               of
               Aphaca
               ;
               fifteen
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               mount
               Garizim
               vvere
               slain
               ;
               eleven
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               .
            
             
               At
               Iotapa
               where
               Iosephus
               himself
               was
               present
               ,
               about
               thirty
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               the
               second
               taking
               of
               Ioppa
               there
               vvere
               drowned
               ,
               four
               thousand
               and
               two
               hundred
               .
            
             
               Amongst
               the
               Tarychaeans
               vvere
               slain
               ,
               six
               thousand
               and
               five
               hundred
               .
            
             
               At
               Gamala
               that
               vvere
               killed
               ,
               and
               that
               precipitated
               themselves
               ,
               nine
               thousand
               .
            
             
               Nor
               vvere
               any
               of
               that
               City
               saved
               ,
               besides
               two
               vvomen
               that
               were
               Sisters
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               desart
               of
               Giscala
               vvere
               killed
               in
               flight
               two
               thousand
               ,
               and
               taken
               of
               vvomen
               and
               children
               ,
               three
               thousand
               .
            
             
               Slain
               of
               the
               Gadarens
               ,
               thirteen
               thousand
               ,
            
             
               Taken
               two
               thousand
               two
               hundered
               .
            
             
             
               Besides
               infinite
               numbers
               of
               those
               that
               perished
               in
               the
               vvaters
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Villages
               of
               Idumaea
               ten
               ,
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Gerasa
               ,
               one
               thousand
               .
            
             
               At
               Machaerus
               ,
               one
               thousand
               seven
               hundred
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Wood
               Iardes
               ,
               three
               thousand
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               castle
               of
               Massada
               vvhich
               slew
               themselves
               ,
               nine
               hundred
               and
               sixty
               .
            
             
               In
               Cyrene
               by
               Catulus
               the
               Governour
               vvere
               slain
               ,
               three
               thousand
               .
            
             
               But
               in
               the
               City
               of
               Ierusalem
               throughout
               the
               whole
               time
               of
               the
               siege
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               them
               that
               dyed
               or
               were
               slain
               is
               ,
               ten
               hundred
               thousand
               .
            
             
               Taken
               ninety
               seven
               thousand
               .
            
             
               The
               whole
               number
               amounts
               to
               (
               besides
               infinite
               omitted
               )
               twelve
               hundred
               and
               forty
               thousand
               .
            
             
               What
               say
               you
               Lipsius
               ?
               Do
               you
               cast
               down
               your
               Eyes
               at
               these
               things
               ?
               Look
               up
               rather
               ;
               and
               (
               if
               you
               dare
               )
               compare
               
               with
               the
               Massacres
               of
               this
               one
               Nation
               ,
               the
               Warrs
               of
               the
               Christian
               world
               for
               some
               years
               .
               And
               yet
               how
               small
               and
               inconsiderable
               is
               either
               this
               Country
               or
               people
               ;
               in
               comparison
               of
               all
               Europe
               ?
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XXII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Calamities
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 and
                 Romans
                 too
                 occasioned
                 by
                 VVarr
                 ,
                 the
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 slain
                 by
                 some
                 particular
                 Commanders
                 .
                 The
                 Desolations
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 found
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 miseries
                 of
                 captivity
                 .
              
            
             
               NOt
               to
               stay
               here
               any
               longer
               ;
               let
               us
               pass
               over
               into
               Greece
               ,
               to
               recount
               orderly
               all
               those
               warrs
               they
               maintained
               both
               against
               forraigners
               and
               amongst
               themselves
               ;
               would
               be
               too
               tedious
               and
               to
               little
               purpose
               .
               This
               
               I
               say
               it
               was
               so
               exhausted
               and
               lop't
               with
               a
               constant
               continued
               Ax
               of
               Calamities
               ;
               That
               Plutarch
               tells
               us
               (
               which
               I
               never
               read
               without
               wonder
               and
               indignation
               )
               all
               of
               it
               in
               his
               age
               was
               not
               able
               to
               muster
               up
               three
               thousand
               Souldiers
               ;
               which
               number
               yet
               ,
               the
               one
               small
               City
               of
               Megara
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               had
               formerly
               set
               forth
               in
               the
               Persian
               Warr.
               Ah!
               whither
               art
               thou
               fallen
               ,
               thou
               once
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               the
               light
               and
               leader
               of
               the
               nations
               ?
               There
               is
               scarce
               a
               Town
               at
               this
               day
               (
               of
               any
               name
               )
               in
               this
               our
               vvasted
               Belgia
               ,
               but
               is
               able
               to
               raise
               such
               a
               number
               of
               Men
               fit
               to
               bear
               Armes
               .
               Let
               us
               take
               now
               a
               view
               of
               Italy
               and
               the
               
                 Romans
                 .
                 Augustine
              
               and
               Orosius
               have
               already
               eased
               me
               of
               this
               trouble
               .
               Consult
               them
               and
               there
               you
               vvill
               meet
               vvith
               Seas
               of
               evils
               .
               The
               second
               Punick
               vvarr
               it self
               ,
               in
               less
               than
               seventeen
               years
               (
               for
               I
               have
               exactly
               computed
               it
               )
               consumed
               in
               
                 Italy
                 Spain
              
               and
               Sicily
               only
               ,
               above
               fifteen
               
               hundred
               thousand
               men
               .
               The
               civill
               vvar
               betwixt
               Pompey
               and
               Caesar
               three
               hundred
               thousand
               .
               And
               the
               Arms
               of
               
                 Brutus
                 ,
                 Cassius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Sextus
                 Pompcius
              
               a
               greater
               number
               .
               But
               why
               should
               insist
               upon
               such
               Warrs
               ,
               as
               were
               managed
               by
               the
               conduct
               of
               several
               Commanders
               ?
               That
               one
               
                 Caiuis
                 Caesar
              
               (
               the
               plague
               and
               poyson
               of
               mankind
               )
               confesses
               and
               that
               in
               a
               vvay
               of
               triumph
               ,
               that
               there
               fell
               by
               him
               in
               several
               batails
               ,
               eleven
               hundred
               ninety
               and
               two
               thousand
               men
               ;
               not
               reckoning
               into
               this
               number
               the
               slaughters
               of
               the
               civil
               Warrs
               ;
               But
               only
               those
               of
               forraign
               Nations
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               made
               in
               those
               few
               years
               wherein
               he
               had
               the
               Government
               of
               Spain
               and
               Gaul
               .
               In
               which
               notwithstanding
               (
               greater
               in
               this
               too
               )
               the
               Great
               Pompey
               out-went
               him
               ;
               who
               wrote
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Minerva
               that
               there
               were
               by
               him
               vanquished
               ,
               put
               to
               flight
               ,
               slain
               and
               taken
               One
               and
               twenty
               hundred
               ,
               and
               eighty
               three
               thousand
               men
               .
               To
               these
               (
               if
               you
               will
               )
               
               you
               may
               adde
               
                 Quintus
                 Fabius
              
               vvho
               slew
               one
               hundred
               and
               ten
               thousand
               
                 Gauls
                 .
                 Caius
                 Marius
              
               two
               hundred
               thousand
               Cimbrians
               .
               And
               in
               the
               latter
               ages
               AEtius
               vvho
               in
               that
               memorable
               Catalaunican
               Field
               slevv
               one
               hundred
               sixty
               two
               thousand
               Hunnes
               .
               And
               lest
               you
               should
               think
               that
               in
               these
               Warrs
               ,
               there
               vvere
               only
               Carcases
               of
               Men
               ;
               there
               vvere
               those
               of
               Cities
               too
               .
               That
               Cato
               the
               Censour
               boasts
               that
               he
               took
               more
               Towns
               in
               Spain
               than
               he
               continued
               dayes
               there
               .
               
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
              
               (
               if
               vve
               may
               believe
               Polybius
               )
               raised
               Three
               hundred
               in
               the
               same
               Spain
               ,
               nor
               hath
               any
               age
               (
               as
               I
               think
               )
               any
               thing
               to
               add
               to
               these
               Examples
               ;
               unless
               it
               be
               our
               own
               ,
               though
               acted
               in
               another
               World.
               A
               few
               Spaniards
               about
               Eighty
               years
               ago
               ;
               passing
               over
               into
               those
               vast
               and
               nevv
               found
               Lands
               :
               Good
               God!
               vvhat
               funeralls
               ,
               vvhat
               slaughters
               did
               they
               make
               ?
               I
               do
               not
               discourse
               the
               causes
               and
               justness
               of
               that
               Warr
               ;
               but
               only
               the
               events
               .
               I
               see
               that
               huge
               space
               of
               
               Earth
               (
               vvhich
               certainly
               vvas
               a
               great
               enterprize
               to
               discover
               ,
               not
               to
               say
               to
               overcome
               )
               overrun
               by
               twenty
               or
               thirty
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               those
               unarmed
               multitudes
               every
               vvhere
               mow'd
               down
               as
               corn
               is
               by
               the
               sythe
               .
               Where
               art
               thou
               Cuba
               the
               greatest
               of
               Islands
               ,
               Haytus
               or
               you
               Iucayans
               ?
               Which
               heretofore
               were
               each
               of
               you
               guarded
               vvith
               six
               or
               ten
               hundred
               thousand
               men
               ;
               but
               have
               now
               (
               some
               of
               you
               )
               scarce
               preserved
               fifteen
               of
               them
               for
               seed
               .
               Shew
               thy self
               avvhile
               thou
               Peru
               and
               thou
               Mexico
               .
               O
               vvonderful
               and
               miserable
               face
               !
               that
               immense
               tract
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               may
               vvell
               be
               called
               another
               World
               ,
               appears
               vast
               and
               desolate
               ,
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               blasted
               vvith
               a
               fire
               from
               Heaven
               .
               My
               Tongue
               and
               Heart
               fail
               me
               Lipsius
               ,
               as
               oft
               as
               I
               remember
               these
               things
               ;
               and
               I
               look
               upon
               all
               that
               hath
               befallen
               us
               (
               in
               comparison
               of
               these
               )
               to
               be
               but
               pieces
               of
               strawes
               (
               as
               the
               Comaedian
               vvords
               it
               )
               or
               little
               mites
               .
               Nor
               do
               I
               here
               represent
               to
               you
               ,
               the
               
               condition
               of
               captivity
               ,
               than
               vvhich
               nothing
               vvas
               more
               bitter
               in
               the
               Warrs
               of
               the
               Ancients
               .
               Free
               ,
               noble
               ,
               Men
               ,
               Women
               and
               Children
               ,
               all
               sorts
               vvere
               hurried
               away
               by
               the
               Victour
               ;
               and
               vvho
               knowes
               but
               it
               vvas
               into
               eternal
               slavery
               ?
               Into
               slavery
               it
               vvas
               .
               The
               footsteps
               of
               vvhich
               ,
               I
               justly
               rejoyce
               ,
               have
               not
               been
               nor
               yet
               are
               in
               the
               Christian
               World.
               'T
               is
               true
               the
               Turks
               practise
               it
               ,
               nor
               is
               there
               any
               thing
               that
               ought
               to
               render
               that
               Scythian
               Tyranny
               more
               detestable
               or
               dreadfull
               to
               us
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXIII
               .
            
             
               
                 Wonderful
                 examples
                 of
                 Plagues
                 and
                 Famines
                 in
                 Former
                 times
                 .
                 Also
                 of
                 excessive
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Rapines
                 heretofore
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               you
               goe
               forward
               in
               your
               complaints
               ,
               and
               speak
               of
               the
               plague
               and
               Famine
               ,
               of
               Taxes
               and
               Rapines
               .
               Will
               you
               then
               that
               we
               proceed
               vvith
               each
               of
               these
               in
               our
               comparison
               ,
               though
               briefly
               .
               Tell
               me
               in
               these
               five
               or
               six
               years
               ,
               how
               many
               thousands
               ,
               hath
               this
               plague
               snatched
               away
               in
               all
               Belgia
               ?
               As
               I
               guess
               fifty
               or
               at
               the
               most
               one
               hundred
               thousand
               .
               But
               in
               Iudaea
               a
               single
               plague
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               King
               David
               ,
               swept
               away
               seventy
               thousand
               in
               less
               than
               a
               day
               .
               When
               Gallus
               and
               Volusianus
               vvere
               Emperours
               ,
               a
               plague
               beginning
               in
               AEthiopia
               passed
               through
               all
               the
               Roman
               Provinces
               ;
               
               and
               for
               fifteen
               years
               together
               did
               incredibly
               exhaust
               them
               .
               Nor
               did
               I
               ever
               read
               of
               a
               mortality
               that
               lasted
               so
               long
               ,
               or
               that
               spread
               it self
               so
               vvide
               .
               But
               that
               vvhich
               seised
               upon
               Constantinople
               and
               the
               neighbouring
               places
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               Iustinian
               the
               Emperour
               is
               more
               remarkable
               for
               the
               fury
               and
               fierceness
               of
               it
               :
               vvhich
               vvas
               such
               that
               it
               made
               every
               day
               five
               thousand
               funerals
               and
               sometimes
               ten
               .
               I
               should
               not
               be
               forward
               to
               speak
               this
               ;
               but
               should
               my self
               remain
               doubtful
               of
               the
               credit
               of
               this
               report
               :
               vvere
               it
               not
               confirmed
               by
               unquestionable
               vvitnesses
               ,
               that
               lived
               in
               the
               same
               age
               .
               Nor
               vvas
               that
               African
               plague
               less
               vvonderful
               ,
               vvhich
               began
               upon
               the
               ruine
               of
               Carthage
               and
               destroyed
               in
               Numidia
               alone
               eighty
               thousand
               men
               ,
               in
               the
               Sea
               costs
               of
               Africa
               two
               hundred
               thousand
               :
               about
               Vtica
               thirty
               thousand
               Souldiers
               left
               there
               as
               the
               guard
               of
               those
               parts
               .
               Again
               in
               Greece
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 Michael
                 Ducas
              
               there
               was
               so
               raging
               a
               
               plague
               that
               (
               they
               are
               Zonaras
               his
               vvords
               )
               the
               living
               did
               not
               suffice
               to
               bury
               the
               dead
               .
               To
               conclude
               in
               Petrarchs
               time
               (
               as
               himself
               reports
               it
               )
               so
               direful
               a
               one
               sate
               brooding
               upon
               Italy
               ,
               that
               of
               every
               thousand
               men
               scarce
               ten
               survived
               .
               I
               come
               now
               to
               speak
               of
               Famine
               :
               Certainly
               vve
               of
               this
               Age
               have
               seen
               nothing
               ,
               if
               vve
               consider
               the
               times
               past
               .
               When
               Honorius
               vvas
               Emperour
               ,
               there
               vvas
               such
               a
               dearth
               and
               scarcity
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               provisions
               ,
               that
               men
               vvere
               ready
               to
               eat
               one
               another
               ,
               For
               it
               vvas
               openly
               cried
               at
               the
               Cirque
               ,
               set
               the
               price
               of
               mans
               flesh
               .
               In
               the
               reign
               of
               Iustinian
               throughout
               Italy
               (
               after
               the
               Goths
               had
               vvasted
               it
               )
               there
               vvas
               one
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               in
               Picenum
               alone
               ,
               there
               vvere
               fifty
               thousand
               men
               famished
               to
               death
               :
               and
               all
               about
               ,
               they
               eat
               not
               only
               the
               flesh
               of
               men
               ,
               but
               their
               own
               excrements
               .
               Two
               vvomen
               (
               I
               tremble
               to
               speak
               it
               )
               had
               at
               several
               times
               by
               night
               treacherously
               killed
               seventeen
               men
               and
               eaten
               
               them
               :
               and
               vvere
               themselves
               slain
               by
               the
               eighteenth
               who
               had
               discovered
               their
               practise
               .
               I
               forbear
               to
               relate
               the
               famine
               in
               Ierusalem
               and
               the
               vvell
               known
               examples
               of
               it
               there
               .
               If
               I
               must
               say
               something
               of
               Taxes
               also
               ;
               I
               deny
               not
               but
               they
               are
               heavy
               ones
               with
               which
               we
               are
               pressed
               .
               But
               they
               are
               such
               only
               ,
               vvhen
               you
               look
               upon
               them
               by
               themselves
               ;
               not
               when
               you
               compare
               them
               vvith
               those
               of
               old
               .
               All
               ,
               most
               all
               the
               Provinces
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               payed
               yearly
               the
               fifth
               part
               of
               the
               profits
               of
               their
               pasture
               ,
               and
               the
               tenth
               of
               their
               arable
               .
               Nor
               did
               Anthony
               and
               Caesar
               forbear
               to
               exact
               the
               tributes
               of
               nine
               or
               ten
               years
               to
               be
               payed
               in
               one
               .
               When
               
                 Iulius
                 Caesar
              
               vvas
               slain
               ,
               and
               armes
               were
               taken
               up
               for
               their
               liberty
               ,
               every
               Citizen
               was
               commanded
               to
               pay
               down
               the
               five
               and
               twentyeth
               part
               of
               all
               their
               goods
               .
               And
               more
               than
               this
               all
               that
               were
               Senatours
               payed
               for
               every
               tile
               of
               their
               house
               six
               asses
               .
               An
               immense
               
               contribution
               ,
               above
               the
               reach
               of
               our
               senses
               as
               vvell
               as
               of
               our
               Estates
               .
               But
               
                 Octavianus
                 Caesar
              
               (
               probably
               vvith
               some
               reference
               to
               his
               name
               ,
               )
               exacted
               and
               received
               of
               all
               freed
               men
               the
               eighth
               part
               of
               their
               Estates
               .
               I
               omit
               vvhat
               the
               Triumvir's
               and
               other
               Tyrants
               have
               done
               ,
               lest
               I
               should
               teach
               those
               of
               our
               times
               ,
               by
               the
               recitall
               of
               them
               .
               Let
               that
               one
               of
               Colonies
               ,
               be
               instead
               of
               all
               examples
               of
               Exactions
               and
               Rapines
               .
               An
               invention
               then
               vvhich
               nothing
               did
               more
               contribute
               to
               the
               strength
               of
               the
               Empire
               :
               and
               nothing
               could
               be
               devised
               more
               grievous
               to
               the
               Subject
               .
               Veterane
               Legions
               and
               Cohorts
               were
               drawn
               out
               into
               Towns
               and
               Fields
               ,
               and
               the
               miserable
               Provincials
               ,
               (
               in
               a
               moment
               of
               time
               )
               were
               thrust
               out
               of
               all
               their
               Estates
               and
               Fortunes
               ,
               and
               that
               for
               no
               offence
               or
               unlawful
               attempt
               ,
               their
               riches
               onely
               and
               plentiful
               possessions
               vvere
               their
               crimes
               .
               In
               vvhich
               certainly
               the
               sum
               of
               all
               calamities
               is
               comprized
               .
               It
               's
               a
               
               great
               misfortune
               to
               be
               robbed
               of
               our
               money
               ,
               vvhat
               is
               it
               then
               to
               be
               deprived
               of
               our
               houses
               and
               lands
               ?
               And
               if
               it
               is
               grievous
               to
               be
               driven
               thence
               :
               vvhat
               is
               it
               to
               be
               forced
               from
               our
               Country
               ,
               our
               Temples
               and
               Altars
               ?
               You
               might
               see
               some
               thousands
               of
               woful
               people
               hurryed
               away
               ,
               children
               from
               their
               Parents
               ,
               Masters
               from
               their
               Families
               ,
               Wives
               from
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               and
               thrown
               out
               into
               divers
               Countryes
               ,
               as
               their
               lot
               designed
               them
               .
               Some
               amongst
               the
               thirsty
               Affricans
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               Poet
               saith
               in
               this
               very
               case
               ,
               
                 
                   Others
                   were
                   into
                   Scythia
                   hurl'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   Brittain
                   sever'd
                   from
                   the
                   world
                   .
                
              
            
             
               One
               single
               
                 Octavianus
                 Caesar
              
               placed
               eight
               and
               twenty
               colonies
               in
               Italy
               only
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Provinces
               as
               many
               as
               he
               pleased
               .
               Nor
               vvas
               there
               any
               thing
               (
               I
               know
               )
               that
               vvas
               more
               destructive
               to
               the
               Gauls
               as
               Germans
               ,
               and
               the
               Spaniards
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXIV
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 rehearsall
                 of
                 some
                 strange
                 Cruelties
                 and
                 murthers
                 in
                 time
                 past
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 guilt
                 of
                 this
                 Age.
                 
              
            
             
               BUt
               yet
               (
               say
               you
               )
               there
               are
               such
               cruelties
               and
               murthers
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               as
               the
               like
               have
               not
               been
               heard
               of
               .
               I
               know
               vvhat
               you
               point
               at
               ,
               and
               vvhat
               vvas
               done
               of
               late
               ,
               but
               I
               appeal
               to
               your
               conscience
               Lipsius
               ,
               vvas
               their
               no
               such
               thing
               amongst
               the
               ancients
               ?
               How
               ignorant
               are
               you
               if
               you
               know
               it
               not
               ,
               and
               how
               vvicked
               if
               you
               dissemble
               it
               ?
               For
               there
               is
               such
               a
               plenty
               of
               Examples
               in
               this
               matter
               ,
               and
               they
               lye
               so
               ready
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               some
               trouble
               even
               to
               choose
               .
               Know
               you
               not
               the
               name
               of
               Sylla
               the
               Fortunate
               ?
               If
               you
               doe
               ,
               you
               remember
               that
               infamous
               and
               cruel
               prescription
               of
               his
               ,
               by
               vvhich
               he
               cast
               out
               of
               one
               City
               four
               thousand
               seven
               
               hundred
               Citizens
               .
               Nor
               were
               they
               of
               the
               meaner
               sort
               ;
               but
               one
               hundred
               and
               forty
               of
               them
               vvere
               Senators
               .
               Nor
               do
               I
               touch
               upon
               those
               infinite
               slaughters
               that
               were
               usually
               acted
               either
               by
               his
               permission
               or
               command
               .
               So
               that
               not
               undeservedly
               those
               words
               burst
               from
               
                 Quintus
                 Catulus
              
               vvith
               vvhom
               at
               length
               shall
               vve
               live
               ;
               if
               in
               Warr
               vve
               kill
               armed
               Men
               ,
               and
               in
               peace
               the
               disarmed
               .
               But
               shortly
               after
               ;
               this
               same
               Sylla
               vvas
               imitated
               by
               his
               Disciples
               :
               I
               mean
               the
               triumvirs
               ,
               vvho
               in
               like
               manner
               proscribed
               three
               hundred
               Senators
               ,
               and
               above
               two
               thousand
               Roman
               Knights
               .
               O
               vvickedness
               !
               A
               greater
               cruelty
               than
               this
               the
               Sun
               in
               all
               its
               travels
               from
               the
               East
               unto
               the
               West
               ,
               did
               never
               yet
               behold
               ;
               not
               is
               like
               to
               do
               hereafter
               .
               If
               you
               please
               you
               may
               look
               into
               Appianus
               ,
               and
               there
               you
               may
               behold
               the
               various
               and
               deformed
               condition
               of
               those
               times
               :
               Of
               those
               that
               lay
               hid
               ,
               and
               fled
               ;
               of
               those
               that
               stopped
               their
               flight
               ,
               and
               halled
               them
               forth
               :
               
               the
               vvoful
               vvailings
               of
               Wives
               and
               Children
               ;
               so
               that
               you
               vvould
               believe
               humanity
               itself
               had
               perished
               and
               fled
               from
               that
               savage
               and
               inhumane
               age
               .
               These
               cruelties
               were
               acted
               upon
               the
               persons
               of
               Senatours
               and
               Knights
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               upon
               so
               many
               little
               less
               than
               Kings
               and
               Princes
               ;
               but
               possibly
               the
               Commons
               were
               more
               favourably
               dealt
               with
               .
               No
               such
               matter
               .
               Look
               upon
               the
               same
               Sylla
               ,
               who
               commanded
               four
               Legions
               of
               the
               contrary
               party
               (
               for
               whose
               security
               he
               had
               given
               his
               faith
               )
               to
               be
               murthered
               in
               the
               publick
               Villa
               ;
               they
               in
               vain
               imploring
               the
               mercy
               of
               his
               treacherous
               right
               hand
               :
               Whose
               dying
               groans
               reaching
               the
               Curia
               and
               the
               Senate
               being
               startled
               and
               amazed
               at
               it
               :
               Let
               us
               mind
               our
               business
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               (
               said
               he
               )
               a
               few
               seditious
               fellows
               are
               punished
               by
               my
               command
               .
               I
               know
               not
               vvhich
               I
               should
               most
               vvonder
               at
               ;
               that
               a
               Man
               could
               do
               so
               ,
               or
               that
               he
               could
               speak
               so
               .
               Will
               you
               have
               more
               examples
               of
               cruelty
               ?
               Take
               them
               .
               
                 Servius
                 
                 Galba
              
               in
               Spain
               summoning
               the
               people
               of
               three
               Cities
               together
               ;
               as
               if
               to
               communicate
               to
               them
               something
               to
               their
               advantage
               ;
               suddenly
               commanded
               seven
               thousand
               of
               them
               to
               be
               slain
               ;
               amongst
               vvhich
               vvas
               the
               flower
               of
               their
               youth
               .
               In
               the
               same
               Country
               
                 Lucius
                 Licinius
                 Lucullus
              
               the
               Consul
               sent
               his
               Souldiers
               into
               the
               City
               of
               the
               Caucaeans
               ,
               and
               slew
               twenty
               thousand
               of
               them
               contrary
               to
               the
               Articles
               agreed
               upon
               at
               their
               yielding
               
                 Octavianus
                 Augustus
              
               vvhen
               he
               had
               taken
               Perusia
               ;
               chose
               out
               three
               hundred
               of
               the
               chiefest
               of
               both
               orders
               ,
               and
               though
               they
               had
               yielded
               themselves
               ,
               he
               slew
               them
               as
               Sacrifices
               before
               an
               Altar
               vvhich
               he
               had
               erected
               to
               
                 D.
                 Iulius
                 Antonius
                 Caracalla
              
               ,
               (
               being
               offended
               vvith
               those
               of
               Alexandria
               ;
               for
               I
               knovv
               not
               vvhat
               jests
               upon
               him
               )
               enters
               that
               City
               in
               a
               semblance
               of
               peace
               ,
               and
               vvhen
               he
               had
               commanded
               all
               their
               young
               Men
               into
               the
               Field
               ;
               he
               surrounds
               them
               vvith
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               upon
               a
               Signal
               given
               
               he
               kills
               them
               every
               one
               ,
               and
               using
               the
               same
               cruelty
               to
               the
               remaining
               multitude
               ,
               he
               utterly
               exhausted
               that
               populous
               and
               most
               frequented
               City
               .
               King
               Mithridates
               by
               one
               letter
               caused
               eighty
               thousand
               Roman
               Citizens
               to
               be
               slain
               ;
               that
               were
               dispersed
               throughout
               Asia
               about
               their
               mercandise
               .
               
                 Volesus
                 Messalla
              
               the
               Proconsul
               of
               Asia
               ,
               in
               one
               day
               caused
               three
               hundred
               to
               be
               beheaded
               ;
               and
               strutting
               amongst
               the
               dead
               bodyes
               with
               his
               armes
               on
               his
               sides
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               done
               some
               glorious
               act
               ;
               cryed
               out
               aloud
               ;
               O
               Princely
               deed
               !
               Hitherto
               I
               have
               only
               spoken
               of
               prophane
               and
               impious
               persons
               ;
               but
               behold
               amongst
               those
               that
               are
               devoted
               to
               the
               service
               of
               the
               true
               God
               :
               You
               vvill
               find
               it
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Theodosius
               that
               having
               by
               the
               highest
               vvickedness
               and
               deceit
               ,
               betrayed
               seven
               thousand
               innocent
               people
               of
               Thessalonica
               into
               the
               Theatre
               ,
               under
               pretence
               of
               exhibiting
               some
               playes
               ;
               He
               sent
               his
               Souldiers
               amongst
               them
               ,
               and
               murthered
               
               them
               all
               :
               Than
               vvhich
               fact
               nothing
               is
               to
               be
               found
               more
               impious
               in
               the
               records
               of
               all
               the
               Heathen
               impieties
               .
               Go
               now
               my
               Belgians
               ,
               and
               after
               all
               this
               ,
               accuse
               the
               cruelty
               and
               treachery
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               this
               Age.
               
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XXV
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 present
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 from
                 humane
                 Nature
                 or
                 Malice
                 .
                 Oppressions
                 external
                 and
                 internal
                 were
                 heretofore
                 .
              
            
             
               LAstly
               ,
               you
               complain
               of
               the
               Tyranny
               that
               is
               now
               adayes
               ,
               and
               the
               oppressions
               at
               once
               both
               of
               our
               Bodies
               and
               Souls
               .
               My
               purpose
               is
               not
               (
               at
               this
               time
               )
               to
               applaud
               ,
               or
               condemn
               our
               own
               age
               ;
               for
               to
               what
               end
               were
               it
               ?
               My
               business
               is
               to
               compare
               only
               .
               I
               ask
               you
               therefore
               when
               ever
               those
               
               evils
               vvere
               not
               ;
               and
               where
               that
               place
               was
               .
               Assign
               me
               any
               one
               Age
               ,
               any
               one
               Nation
               ,
               without
               a
               remarkable
               Tyranny
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               (
               for
               I
               'le
               run
               the
               hazzard
               )
               I
               will
               then
               confess
               ,
               that
               we
               are
               the
               most
               wretched
               do
               all
               that
               are
               miserable
               .
               Why
               do
               you
               not
               reply
               ?
               I
               see
               that
               old
               Sarcasme
               is
               true
               ;
               all
               the
               good
               Princes
               may
               be
               registred
               in
               a
               Ring
               .
               For
               it
               is
               natural
               to
               Man
               to
               use
               authority
               insolently
               ,
               and
               hardly
               to
               keep
               a
               mean
               in
               that
               which
               it self
               is
               above
               it
               .
               Even
               we
               our selves
               who
               complain
               of
               Tyranny
               ,
               do
               yet
               carry
               the
               feeds
               of
               it
               inclosed
               in
               our
               bosoms
               :
               Nor
               is
               there
               a
               Will
               wanting
               in
               most
               of
               us
               to
               discover
               them
               ,
               but
               the
               power
               .
               A
               Serpent
               vvhen
               he
               is
               benummed
               with
               cold
               ,
               hath
               poyson
               within
               him
               ,
               though
               he
               do
               not
               exert
               it
               ;
               'T
               is
               the
               same
               in
               us
               ,
               whom
               only
               weakness
               keeps
               innocent
               ,
               and
               a
               kind
               of
               Winter
               in
               our
               Fortunes
               .
               Give
               but
               power
               ,
               give
               means
               ,
               and
               I
               fear
               that
               the
               most
               of
               those
               that
               accuse
               would
               transcend
               the
               example
               of
               
               their
               superiours
               .
               This
               is
               every
               dayes
               instance
               ;
               see
               that
               Father
               stern
               with
               his
               Children
               ,
               that
               Master
               with
               his
               Servants
               ,
               and
               that
               School-Master
               with
               his
               Scholars
               .
               Each
               of
               them
               is
               a
               Phalaris
               in
               his
               kind
               ,
               and
               raise
               the
               same
               waves
               in
               their
               Brooks
               ,
               as
               Kings
               do
               in
               their
               greater
               Seas
               .
               The
               same
               Nature
               is
               discernible
               in
               other
               creatures
               ;
               most
               of
               which
               prey
               upon
               their
               own
               kind
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               the
               Water
               :
               
                 
                   So
                   greater
                   Fish
                   devaour
                   the
                   smaller
                   fry
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   weaker
                   Fowle
                   under
                   the
                   Goshauks
                   die
                   .
                
              
               sayes
               Varro
               truly
               ;
               but
               you
               will
               say
               these
               are
               the
               oppressions
               of
               Bodies
               only
               :
               But
               this
               is
               the
               peculiar
               of
               our
               age
               ,
               that
               ours
               are
               of
               the
               Soul
               also
               .
               Take
               heed
               you
               speak
               not
               this
               with
               more
               malice
               than
               truth
               .
               That
               Man
               seems
               to
               me
               to
               be
               little
               skilled
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               himself
               ,
               and
               the
               heavenly
               nature
               of
               the
               Soul
               ;
               that
               thinks
               it
               can
               be
               forced
               or
               
               compelled
               .
               For
               no
               outward
               violence
               whatsoever
               can
               make
               you
               will
               ,
               that
               which
               you
               do
               not
               will
               ;
               or
               to
               yield
               to
               that
               which
               you
               do
               not
               assent
               to
               .
               Some
               have
               power
               over
               the
               bond
               and
               tye
               of
               the
               Soul
               ;
               but
               none
               over
               it self
               .
               A
               tyrant
               may
               loose
               it
               from
               the
               Body
               ,
               but
               he
               cannot
               dissolve
               the
               nature
               of
               it
               ,
               which
               being
               pure
               ,
               eternal
               ,
               fiery
               ,
               dispises
               every
               external
               or
               violent
               attempt
               .
               But
               we
               may
               not
               speak
               our
               own
               thoughts
               .
               Be
               it
               so
               .
               The
               bridle
               then
               curbs
               your
               Tongue
               only
               ,
               not
               your
               Mind
               ;
               your
               Actions
               ,
               but
               not
               your
               Judgment
               .
               But
               even
               this
               is
               new
               ,
               and
               unheard
               of
               .
               Good
               Man
               !
               how
               are
               you
               mistaken
               ?
               How
               many
               can
               I
               point
               you
               out
               ,
               who
               have
               suffered
               under
               Tyrants
               ,
               for
               their
               opinions
               ?
               through
               the
               heedlesness
               of
               their
               tongues
               ?
               How
               many
               of
               those
               Tyrants
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               compel
               mens
               Judgements
               ,
               and
               their
               Judgements
               too
               in
               matters
               of
               Religion
               ?
               It
               vvas
               the
               common
               custom
               of
               the
               Persians
               and
               the
               Eastern
               Nations
               to
               adore
               
               their
               Kings
               ,
               and
               we
               know
               that
               Alexander
               challenged
               to
               himself
               that
               divine
               adoration
               ,
               with
               the
               ill
               will
               of
               his
               ruder
               Macedonians
               .
               Amongst
               the
               Romans
               that
               good
               and
               moderate
               Emperour
               Augustus
               had
               in
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               yes
               in
               every
               house
               ,
               Flamens
               and
               Priests
               as
               a
               God.
               Caligula
               cutting
               off
               the
               Heads
               from
               the
               Statues
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               with
               a
               ridiculous
               impiety
               ,
               caused
               his
               own
               to
               be
               placed
               upon
               them
               .
               The
               same
               instituted
               a
               Temple
               ,
               Priests
               and
               chosen
               Sacrifices
               to
               his
               own
               deity
               .
               Nero
               would
               be
               taken
               for
               Apollo
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               illustrious
               of
               the
               City
               were
               slain
               ,
               under
               this
               accusation
               ;
               that
               they
               had
               never
               sacrificed
               to
               the
               heavenly
               voice
               .
               Domitian
               was
               openly
               called
               our
               Lord
               and
               God.
               Which
               vanity
               or
               impiety
               if
               it
               were
               found
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               in
               any
               of
               our
               Kings
               ;
               what
               would
               you
               then
               say
               Lipsius
               ?
               I
               vvill
               sail
               no
               nearer
               this
               Scylla
               ,
               into
               which
               no
               vvinds
               of
               ambition
               shall
               either
               betray
               or
               force
               me
               :
               For
               a
               secure
               old
               age
               is
               the
               reward
               of
               silence
               .
               I
               will
               bring
               in
               
               only
               one
               testimony
               of
               the
               ancient
               slavery
               ,
               in
               this
               respect
               ;
               and
               that
               shall
               be
               out
               of
               an
               Author
               you
               are
               well
               acquainted
               vvith
               ,
               and
               I
               vvould
               have
               you
               to
               attend
               him
               .
               'T
               is
               Tacitus
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 Domitian
                 :
                 We
                 read
              
               (
               sayes
               he
               )
               
                 that
                 when
              
               Petus
               Thrasea
               
                 was
                 praised
                 by
              
               Arulenus
               Rusticus
               ,
               and
               Priscus
               Helvidius
               by
               Herennius
               Senecio
               ;
               
                 it
                 was
                 capital
                 to
                 them
                 both
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 cruelty
                 extend
                 it self
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Authors
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 their
                 Works
                 .
                 Charge
                 being
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Triumvirs
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 monuments
                 of
                 those
                 excellent
                 wits
                 should
                 be
                 burnt
                 in
                 the
              
               Forum
               and
               Comitium
               ,
               
                 supposing
                 by
                 that
                 one
                 fire
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 suppressed
                 the
                 voice
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 of
              
               Rome
               ;
               
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 conscience
                 of
                 Mankind
                 .
                 The
                 professours
                 also
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 were
                 banished
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 ingenious
                 arts
                 proscribed
                 ,
                 lest
                 there
                 should
                 any
                 where
                 appear
                 the
                 least
                 footsteps
                 of
                 honesty
                 .
                 We
                 gave
                 certainly
                 a
                 grand
                 example
                 of
                 our
                 patience
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 foregoing
                 ages
                 saw
                 the
                 utmost
                 height
                 of
                 liberty
                 ,
                 so
                 did
                 we
                 of
                 slavery
                 ,
                 the
                 commerce
                 of
                 hearing
                 
                 and
                 speaking
                 being
                 barred
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 danger
                 by
                 informers
                 .
                 VVe
                 had
                 certainly
                 lost
                 our
                 memories
                 together
                 vvith
                 our
                 speech
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 as
                 much
                 in
                 our
                 power
                 to
                 forget
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 silent
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XXVI
               .
            
             
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 evils
                 are
                 neither
                 strange
                 nor
                 new
                 .
                 But
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 Nations
                 and
                 Men
                 ;
                 whence
                 we
                 may
                 derive
                 comfort
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Have
               done
               vvith
               comparison
               ;
               and
               now
               I
               bring
               up
               the
               other
               Brigade
               of
               my
               Legion
               ,
               vvhich
               opposes
               the
               novelty
               of
               these
               Calamities
               :
               But
               briefly
               and
               by
               vvay
               of
               Triumph
               .
               For
               it
               rather
               takes
               the
               spoiles
               of
               the
               already
               conquered
               enemy
               ;
               than
               fights
               vvith
               him
               .
               And
               to
               speak
               truth
               ,
               vvhat
               is
               there
               in
               these
               things
               ,
               that
               can
               appear
               new
               to
               any
               
               man
               ,
               that
               is
               not
               himself
               a
               gross
               Ignaro
               in
               humane
               affairs
               ?
               Crantor
               said
               excellently
               and
               vvisely
               ;
               who
               alwayes
               had
               this
               verse
               in
               his
               Mouth
               .
            
             
               
                 —
                 Ah
                 me
                 !
                 and
                 why
                 ah
                 me
                 ?
              
               
                 VVe
                 suffered
                 but
                 a
                 humane
                 misery
                 .
              
            
             
               For
               these
               Calamities
               do
               daily
               move
               in
               a
               Circle
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               kind
               of
               round
               pass
               through
               this
               round
               World.
               Why
               do
               you
               sigh
               that
               these
               sad
               things
               fall
               out
               ?
               Why
               do
               you
               vvonder
               at
               it
               ?
            
             
               
                 O
                 Agamemnon
                 thou
                 wert
                 not
              
               
                 To
                 pleasing
                 things
                 alone
                 begot
                 ,
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 equal
                 hopes
                 and
                 fears
              
               
                 Interchange
                 of
                 joys
                 and
                 tears
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 thou
                 art
                 mortal
                 humane
                 born
                 ,
                 and
                 though
              
               
                 Thou
                 should'st
                 refuse
                 ,
                 the
                 Gods
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 so
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               vvere
               rather
               a
               vvonder
               that
               any
               should
               be
               exempted
               from
               this
               common
               
               Law
               ;
               and
               should
               not
               have
               his
               part
               in
               that
               burthen
               ,
               vvhich
               lyes
               upon
               the
               backs
               of
               all
               .
               Solon
               vvhen
               a
               friend
               of
               his
               at
               Athens
               was
               sadly
               be
               wailing
               himself
               ;
               he
               brings
               him
               into
               the
               Tower
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               top
               of
               it
               shews
               him
               all
               the
               houses
               of
               that
               great
               City
               .
               Think
               vvith
               your self
               (
               sayes
               he
               )
               how
               many
               sorrows
               have
               heretofore
               been
               under
               these
               roofs
               ;
               now
               are
               ,
               and
               hereafter
               shall
               be
               :
               And
               then
               cease
               to
               lament
               the
               evils
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               vvere
               your
               own
               only
               .
               I
               vvish
               I
               could
               give
               you
               the
               like
               prospect
               of
               this
               vvide
               World
               Lipsius
               ,
               but
               since
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               done
               actually
               ,
               let
               us
               imagine
               it
               .
               I
               place
               you
               upon
               the
               top
               of
               some
               high
               Mountain
               (
               Olympus
               if
               you
               please
               )
               look
               down
               now
               upon
               all
               those
               Cities
               ,
               provinces
               and
               Kingdoms
               beneath
               :
               And
               think
               that
               you
               see
               but
               so
               many
               inclosures
               of
               humane
               Calamities
               ;
               the
               Amphitheatres
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               it
               vvere
               )
               the
               Sands
               ,
               in
               vvhich
               the
               bloody
               sports
               of
               Fortune
               are
               exhibited
               .
               You
               need
               not
               look
               farr
               from
               
               hence
               ;
               do
               you
               see
               Italy
               ?
               It
               is
               not
               yet
               thirty
               years
               since
               it
               rested
               from
               sharp
               and
               cruel
               vvarrs
               on
               every
               side
               .
               See
               you
               the
               spacious
               Germany
               ?
               The
               dangerous
               sparks
               of
               a
               Civil
               discord
               were
               there
               but
               of
               late
               ,
               vvhich
               threaten
               to
               break
               forth
               afresh
               (
               and
               if
               I
               am
               not
               deceived
               )
               into
               a
               more
               destructive
               flame
               .
               Do
               you
               see
               Brittain
               ?
               Warrs
               and
               slaughters
               are
               perpetually
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               that
               peace
               vvhich
               it
               now
               awhile
               enjoyes
               ;
               it
               owes
               to
               the
               government
               of
               the
               middle
               Sex.
               See
               you
               France
               ?
               Behold
               and
               pitty
               it
               .
               Even
               now
               the
               Gangrene
               of
               a
               bloody
               warr
               ,
               creeps
               into
               all
               the
               Joints
               of
               it
               :
               Nor
               is
               it
               otherwise
               in
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               World.
               Think
               upon
               these
               things
               Lipsius
               ,
               and
               let
               this
               communion
               in
               miseries
               help
               to
               alleviate
               those
               of
               yours
               .
               And
               as
               they
               used
               to
               place
               a
               slave
               behind
               the
               Triumpher
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               all
               the
               joyes
               of
               the
               triumph
               ,
               vvas
               often
               to
               cry
               out
               to
               him
               ;
               thou
               art
               yet
               but
               a
               Man
               :
               So
               let
               this
               Monitour
               alvvayes
               stand
               by
               to
               remember
               you
               ,
               that
               
               these
               are
               humane
               things
               .
               For
               as
               labour
               in
               Society
               vvith
               others
               is
               more
               easy
               ;
               so
               is
               also
               our
               grief
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XXVII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 conclusion
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 discourse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 short
                 exhortation
                 to
                 consider
                 seriously
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Have
               drawn
               forth
               all
               my
               forces
               Lipsius
               ;
               and
               you
               have
               had
               vvhat
               I
               thought
               meet
               to
               say
               for
               constancy
               against
               Grief
               :
               vvhich
               I
               wish
               may
               not
               onely
               be
               pleasant
               to
               you
               ,
               but
               healthful
               ,
               not
               only
               delight
               you
               ,
               but
               (
               vvhich
               is
               more
               )
               be
               helpful
               to
               you
               .
               This
               it
               vvill
               doubtless
               be
               if
               you
               admit
               it
               not
               only
               into
               your
               Ears
               ,
               but
               into
               your
               Mind
               ;
               and
               if
               you
               suffer
               not
               vvhat
               you
               have
               heard
               to
               lye
               and
               vvither
               as
               seed
               that
               is
               cast
               upon
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               
               ground
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               if
               you
               seriously
               digest
               and
               ruminate
               upon
               it
               :
               For
               as
               fire
               is
               not
               forced
               from
               the
               flint
               vvith
               one
               stroke
               ;
               so
               in
               these
               cold
               bosomes
               of
               ours
               ,
               that
               retired
               and
               failing
               spark
               of
               goodness
               ,
               is
               not
               enkindled
               by
               a
               single
               admonition
               .
               That
               at
               last
               it
               may
               truly
               flame
               in
               you
               ;
               not
               in
               vvords
               and
               appearance
               only
               ,
               but
               in
               reality
               and
               deed
               ;
               I
               humbly
               beg
               and
               beseech
               of
               that
               divine
               fire
               .
               When
               he
               had
               thus
               said
               ,
               he
               rose
               up
               hastily
               ;
               I
               go
               Lipsius
               (
               sayes
               he
               )
               the
               Sun
               at
               this
               Noon
               height
               remembers
               me
               it
               is
               dinner
               time
               ;
               do
               you
               follow
               .
               That
               I
               vvill
               readily
               and
               cheerfully
               (
               said
               I
               )
               justly
               making
               that
               acclamation
               ,
               vvhich
               they
               use
               to
               do
               in
               their
               mysteries
               ;
               
                 
                   I
                   have
                   the
                   Evil
                   fled
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Good
                   discovered
                   .
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           TABLE
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             ABjectness
             of
             the
             Mind
             ,
             a
             Vice
             ,
             and
             whence
             .
          
           
             21
          
           
             Achilles
             ,
             how
             advised
             .
          
           
             135
          
           
             Affliction
             ,
             the
             touch-stone
             of
             vertue
             .
          
           
             182
          
           
             The
             ends
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             180
          
           
             Affrica
             ,
             a
             great
             Plague
             there
             .
          
           
             267
          
           
             Anaxagoras
             ,
             his
             reply
             .
          
           
             65
          
           
             Antonius
             ,
             taxes
             by
             him
             .
          
           
             269
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             his
             death
             .
          
           
             223
          
           
             
               Antonius
               Caracalla
            
             ,
             his
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             275
          
           
             Arbiter
             ,
             his
             saying
             .
          
           
             43
          
           
             Aristophanes
             ,
             his
             saying
             .
          
           
             5
          
           
             Aristotle
             ,
             his
             opinion
             of
             Fate
             .
          
           
             105
          
           
             Atlantis
             ,
             drowned
             .
          
           
             91
          
           
             Augustine
             ,
             his
             censure
             of
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             126
          
           
             Augustus
             ,
             Flamens
             and
             Priests
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             281
          
           
             
             Colonies
             placed
             by
             him
          
           
             271
          
           
             His
             endeavour
             to
             dye
          
           
             224
          
           
             Taxes
             imposed
             by
             him
          
           
             269
             ,
             270
          
           
             Vnfortunate
             in
             his
             family
             .
          
           
             224
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             BElgia
             ,
             its
             troubles
          
           
             3.
             39
          
           
             Bias
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             127
          
           
             Boast
             ,
             of
             Iulius
             Caesar
          
           
             262
          
           
             Of
             Pompey
             the
             great
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Of
             Csato
             the
             Censour
          
           
             263
          
           
             Boethius
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             191
          
           
             Brutus
             ,
             his
             wish
             .
          
           
             223
          
        
         
           
             C.
             
          
           
             
               CAius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             where
             slain
          
           
             222
          
           
             Calamities
             ,
             are
             good
             how
          
           
             167
          
           
             Their
             Original
             whene
             .
          
           
             80
             ,
             81
             ,
             82
             ,
             83
          
           
             Their
             end
             what
          
           
             170
          
           
             The
             force
             of
             them
             broken
             ,
          
           
             172
          
           
             
             Caligula
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             217
          
           
             Captivity
             ,
             the
             miseries
             of
             it
          
           
             265
          
           
             Cato
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             221
          
           
             Ceneus
             ,
             his
             story
          
           
             162
          
           
             Chance
             ,
             ha's
             no
             rule
             in
             the
             world
          
           
             74
          
           
             Change
             ,
             all
             things
             tend
             to
             it
          
           
             88
             ,
             89
             ,
             90
          
           
             Instances
             of
             it
          
           
             91
             ,
             92
             ,
             93
             ,
             94.
             
          
           
             Chastisement
             ,
             it
             avails
             us
          
           
             186
          
           
             Circumstances
             ,
             more
             feared
             than
             the
             things
             themselves
          
           
             144
             ,
             to
             149
          
           
             Cities
             ,
             raised
             at
             once
          
           
             263
          
           
             Colonies
             ,
             placed
             by
             Augustus
          
           
             270
          
           
             The
             strength
             of
             the
             Empire
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Comets
             ,
             not
             all
             in
             the
             air
          
           
             89
          
           
             Complaint
             ,
             of
             Tiberius
          
           
             219
          
           
             Of
             Nero
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Considia
             ,
             how
             cured
          
           
             243
          
           
             Constancy
             ,
             a
             remedy
             in
             the
             sickness
             of
             the
             Mind
          
           
             19
          
           
             Its
             definition
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             it
          
           
             31
             ,
             32
          
           
             Opposed
             by
             what
          
           
             36
          
           
             Country
             ,
             what
          
           
             47
          
           
             Which
             the
             true
             one
          
           
             61
          
           
             Our
             obligation
             and
             love
             to
             it
          
           
             55
          
           
             
             Not
             from
             nature
             but
             custom
          
           
             61
          
           
             How
             to
             be
             assisted
             by
             us
          
           
             134
          
           
             Crantor
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             283
          
           
             Crates
             ,
             his
             reply
             to
             Alexander
          
           
             135
          
           
             Creon
             ,
             his
             story
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Cruelties
             ,
             in
             times
             past
          
           
             272
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Custom
             ,
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             216
          
        
         
           
             D.
             
          
           
             DAvid
             ,
             the
             Plague
             in
             his
             reign
          
           
             266
          
           
             Death
             ,
             punishment
             after
             it
             to
             the
             wicked
          
           
             223
          
           
             Demetrius
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             182
          
           
             Demochares
             ,
             his
             prescription
             to
             a
             Lady
          
           
             243
          
           
             Desires
             ,
             some
             the
             stronger
             for
             being
             opposed
          
           
             14
          
           
             Dioclesian
             ,
             his
             retirement
          
           
             143
          
           
             Dyonysius
             ,
             his
             story
          
           
             221
          
           
             Domitianus
             ,
             at
             what
             hour
             slain
          
           
             118
          
           
             His
             blasphemous
             Title
          
           
             281
          
           
             His
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             282
          
        
         
           
           
             E.
             
          
           
             EArthquakes
             ,
             wonderful
             ones
             .
          
           
             92
             ,
             93
          
           
             Euripides
             ,
             his
             saying
             .
          
           
             214
          
           
             
               Evil
               men
            
             ,
             not
             punished
             why
             .
          
           
             208
          
           
             Evils
             present
             compared
             with
             those
             of
             former
             times
             .
          
           
             256
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Evils
             not
             grievous
             ,
             nor
             new
             .
          
           
             242
          
           
             Evils
             publick
             and
             private
             what
          
           
             36
          
           
             Euclid
             ,
             his
             Apothegme
             .
          
           
             127
          
        
         
           
             F.
             
          
           
             Famines
             ,
             in
             former
             times
             .
          
           
             268
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Fate
             asserted
             .
          
           
             98
          
           
             Vniversally
             aseended
             to
          
           
             101
          
           
             Some
             difference
             about
             its
             parts
             .
          
           
             102
          
           
             How
             distinguished
             of
             by
             the
             ancients
             .
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Mathematical
             Fate
             what
          
           
             103
          
           
             
             Natural
             Fate
             what
          
           
             104
          
           
             Violent
             Fate
             how
             defined
          
           
             106
          
           
             True
             Fate
             ,
             its
             definition
          
           
             112
          
           
             How
             it
             differs
             from
             providence
          
           
             114
          
           
             How
             from
             the
             Stoicks
             Fate
          
           
             119
          
           
             It
             offers
             no
             violence
             to
             the
             will
          
           
             121
          
           
             It
             acts
             by
             second
             causes
          
           
             131
          
           
             No
             ground
             for
             sloth
             .
          
           
             133
          
        
         
           
             G.
             
          
           
             Galba
             ,
             his
             cruelty
          
           
             275
          
           
             Gardens
             ,
             those
             of
             Langius
          
           
             139
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             them
          
           
             141
             ,
             142
          
           
             Kings
             and
             other
             excellent
             persons
             addicted
             to
             them
          
           
             143
          
           
             How
             abused
             by
             some
          
           
             148
          
           
             How
             to
             be
             used
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             God
             ,
             orders
             and
             rules
             all
             things
          
           
             74
          
           
             Not
             to
             be
             murmured
             at
             by
             us
          
           
             81
          
           
             His
             unchangeableness
          
           
             100
          
           
             Not
             the
             Authour
             of
             sin
          
           
             122,123,124
          
           
             Not
             the
             cause
             of
             Evil
          
           
             168
          
           
             
             Punishes
             most
             justly
          
           
             229
          
           
             He
             onely
             discernes
             the
             difference
             betwixt
             crimes
          
           
             230
          
           
             Why
             he
             transferres
             punishment
          
           
             235
             ,
             236
          
           
             He
             joines
             those
             things
             we
             sever
          
           
             Ib.
             
          
           
             He
             loves
             his
             ,
             but
             severely
          
           
             180
          
           
             He
             hath
             appointed
             all
             things
             their
             bounds
          
           
             192
          
           
             Greece
             ,
             its
             calamities
             by
             war.
             
          
           
             260
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             H.
             
          
           
             Helice
             ,
             and
             Bara
             swallowed
             up
             by
             water
          
           
             91
          
           
             Hesiod
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             216
             ,
             237
             ,
             238
          
           
             Homer
             ,
             his
             advice
          
           
             5
             ,
             135
          
           
             Honorius
             ,
             the
             famine
             in
             his
             reign
          
           
             268
          
           
             Horace
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             64
          
           
             Hunnes
             ,
             how
             many
             stain
             at
             once
             .
          
           
             263
          
        
         
           
           
             I.
             
          
           
             Jewes
             ,
             their
             wonderful
             slaughter
          
           
             257
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Instruments
             ,
             why
             God
             useth
             the
             wicked
             as
             his
          
           
             173
          
           
             
               Internal
               punishment
            
             ,
             the
             most
             grievous
          
           
             216
          
           
             Inundations
             ,
             the
             mischiefs
             by
             them
          
           
             91
          
           
             Italy
             ,
             slain
             there
             in
             the
             punick
             war
          
           
             261
          
           
             
               Julius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             death
             .
          
           
             222
          
           
             Justice
             ,
             of
             God
             wakeful
          
           
             190
          
           
             Justinian
             ,
             the
             great
             plague
             in
             his
             reign
             .
          
           
             267
          
           
             The
             famine
             in
             his
             time
          
           
             268
          
        
         
           
             K.
             
          
           
             KNowledge
             ,
             the
             desire
             of
             it
             a
             happy
             presage
             in
             youth
          
           
             165
          
        
         
           
           
             L.
             
          
           
             LAngius
             ,
             praised
          
           
             2
          
           
             His
             gardens
          
           
             139
          
           
             How
             used
             by
             him
          
           
             153
          
           
             Lucullus
             ,
             his
             cruelty
          
           
             274
          
        
         
           
             M.
             
          
           
             MAn
             ,
             at
             variance
             with
             himself
          
           
             24
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             An
             in
             bred
             malice
             in
             him
          
           
             48
          
           
             Pindars
             account
             of
             him
          
           
             97
          
           
             Vnable
             to
             judge
             of
             crimes
          
           
             229
          
           
             He
             hath
             a
             will
             but
             not
             the
             power
             to
             resist
             God
          
           
             125
          
           
             Prone
             to
             aggravate
             his
             own
             afflictions
          
           
             254
          
           
             Masanissa
             ,
             his
             famous
             plat
             .
          
           
             142
          
           
             Mercy
             ,
             what
             it
             is
          
           
             68
          
           
             How
             it
             differs
             from
             pitty
          
           
             Ib.
             
          
           
             
               Michael
               Ducas
            
             ,
             the
             great
             plague
             in
             his
             reign
          
           
             267
             ,
             268
          
           
             Mithridates
             ,
             his
             cruelty
          
           
             276
          
           
             
             Murthers
             ,
             in
             times
             past
          
           
             127
             ,
             128
          
           
             Mutations
             ,
             several
             instances
             of
             them
          
           
             88
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Mysteries
             ,
             the
             acclamation
             usual
             therein
             ,
          
           
             288
          
        
         
           
             N.
             
          
           
             
               NAture
               of
               God
            
             ,
             slow
             to
             revenge
          
           
             211
          
           
             
               Nature
               of
               Man
            
             ,
             prone
             to
             aggravate
             afflictions
          
           
             254
          
           
             Necessity
             ,
             what
             it
             is
          
           
             85
          
           
             Publick
             evils
             from
             it
          
           
             86
          
           
             Its
             force
             and
             power
          
           
             85
             ,
             86
          
           
             From
             what
             grounds
             derived
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             
               New
               found
               world
            
             ,
             its
             desolations
          
           
             263,264
          
        
         
           
             O.
             
          
           
             OBstinacy
             ,
             how
             it
             differs
             from
             Constancy
          
           
             20
          
           
             Opinion
             ,
             what
             it
             is
          
           
             22
          
           
             It
             s
             original
             whence
          
           
             27
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             s
             power
             and
             effects
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             It
             leads
             to
             levity
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             
             Oppressions
             ,
             internal
             and
             external
             heretofore
             .
          
           
             279
             ,
             280
          
        
         
           
             P.
             
          
           
             PAssions
             ,
             whence
             they
             rise
          
           
             34
          
           
             Patience
             ,
             the
             mother
             of
             constancy
          
           
             21
          
           
             Its
             definition
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             How
             it
             differs
             from
             stupidity
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Petrarch
             ,
             a
             great
             plague
             in
             his
             time
          
           
             268
          
           
             Polus
             ,
             his
             story
          
           
             43.
             
          
           
             Pompey
             ,
             his
             boast
          
           
             262
          
           
             Philosophy
             ,
             how
             it
             workes
          
           
             51
          
           
             Pindar
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             49
          
           
             Pitty
             ,
             what
             it
             is
          
           
             68
          
           
             How
             it
             differs
             from
             mercy
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             How
             it
             may
             be
             used
          
           
             70
          
           
             Plagues
             ,
             wonderful
             examples
             of
             them
          
           
             266
             ,
             267
             ,
             268
          
           
             Plato
             ,
             his
             councel
          
           
             84
          
           
             His
             saying
          
           
             216
          
           
             Proscriptions
             ,
          
           
             272
             ,
             273
          
           
             Providence
             ,
             what
          
           
             77
          
           
           
           
           
           
             
             Nothing
             done
             below
             but
             by
             it
          
           
             80
          
           
             
               Publick
               evils
            
             ,
             why
             they
             afflict
             us
          
           
             44
          
           
             Not
             so
             great
             as
             they
             seem
          
           
             144
          
           
             Punishment
             ,
             all
             have
             deserved
             it
          
           
             229
          
           
             Good
             for
             us
          
           
             189
          
           
             For
             the
             safety
             and
             ornament
             of
             the
             universe
             .
          
           
             193
          
           
             Why
             unequal
          
           
             202
          
           
             VVhy
             wicked
             men
             are
             not
             punished
          
           
             208
             ,
             209
          
           
             Deferred
             why
          
           
             Ib
             ,
          
           
             Transferred
             why
          
           
             232
          
           
             Divers
             sorts
             of
             punishments
          
           
             215
          
        
         
           
             Q.
             
          
           
             
               QUintus
               Catulus
            
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             273
          
           
             
               Quintus
               Fabius
            
             ,
             how
             many
             Gaules
             slain
             by
             him
             .
          
           
             263
          
        
         
           
             R.
             
          
           
             RApines
             ,
          
           
             270
          
           
             Regulus
             ,
             how
             he
             dyed
          
           
             183
          
           
             
               Right
               Reason
            
             ,
             what
             it
             is
          
           
             22
          
           
             
             It
             s
             original
             whence
          
           
             25
          
           
             Its
             power
             and
             effects
          
           
             28
             ,
             29
          
           
             It
             leads
             to
             constancy
          
           
             26
          
           
             Romans
             ,
             their
             calamities
             by
             war
          
           
             261
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             S.
             
          
           
             Salvian
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             204
          
           
             Semiramis
             ,
             her
             pendulous
             gardens
          
           
             142
          
           
             Senatours
             ,
             of
             Rome
             how
             taxed
          
           
             269
          
           
             How
             many
             at
             once
             proscribed
          
           
             272
             &c.
             
          
           
             Seneca
             ,
             his
             seeming
             errour
          
           
             109
          
           
             His
             sayings
          
           
             83
             ,
             200
          
           
             Simulation
             ,
             in
             mens
             griefs
          
           
             41
             ,
             42.
             
          
           
             Socrates
             ,
             his
             reply
             to
             a
             Question
             propounded
          
           
             11
          
           
             Sloth
             ,
             no
             excuse
             for
             it
             from
             Fate
          
           
             133
             ,
             134
          
           
             Solon
             ,
             his
             story
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             His
             prospect
             to
             his
             Friend
          
           
             285
          
           
             Sophocles
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             205
          
           
             Stoicks
             ,
             commended
          
           
             108
          
           
             The
             Authors
             of
             violent
             Fate
          
           
             105
          
           
             Sylla
             ,
             his
             cruelty
             ,
          
           
             274
          
        
         
           
           
             T.
             
          
           
             TAcitus
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             218
          
           
             Tarquinius
             why
             expelled
             Rome
          
           
             117
          
           
             Thales
             ,
             his
             Apothegme
          
           
             85
          
           
             His
             saying
          
           
             230
          
           
             Theodosius
             ,
             his
             cruelty
          
           
             276
          
           
             Travail
             ,
             helps
             not
             diseases
             within
          
           
             8
          
           
             A
             Symptome
             rather
             than
             cure
          
           
             7
          
           
             It
             removes
             only
             the
             lighter
             motions
             of
             grief
          
           
             12
          
           
             Rather
             exasperates
             the
             greater
          
           
             13
          
           
             Tributes
             ,
             examples
             of
             them
             in
             former
             times
          
           
             269
             ,
             270
          
           
             Trismegistus
             ,
             his
             opinion
             of
             Fate
             ,
             Providence
             and
             Necessity
          
           
             103
          
           
             Tyranny
             ,
             whence
             .
          
           
             278
          
        
         
           
             V.
             
          
           
             VAriety
             ,
             delights
             us
          
           
             195
             ,
             196
          
           
             Varro
             ,
             the
             consul
             praised
          
           
             134
          
           
             
               Velleius
               Paterculus
            
             ,
             his
             saying
          
           
             132
          
           
             
             Venice
             ,
             its
             antiquity
          
           
             94
          
           
             Venus
             ,
             hath
             changed
             its
             colour
             magnitude
             and
             situation
          
           
             90
          
           
             
               Violent
               Fate
            
             ,
             how
             defined
          
           
             106
          
           
             Vertue
             ,
             how
             she
             is
             directed
          
           
             21
             ,
             22
          
           
             
               Volesus
               Messalla
            
             ,
             his
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             276
          
        
         
           
             W.
             
          
           
             WArres
             ,
             of
             the
             ancients
          
           
             161,162,163
          
           
             Warres
             ,
             in
             Iudea
             how
             many
             slain
             in
             them
          
           
             157
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Wicked
               Men
            
             ,
             why
             used
             by
             God
             as
             his
             instruments
          
           
             173
          
           
             What
             punishments
             they
             never
             escape
          
           
             217
          
           
             Punished
             after
             death
          
           
             320
          
           
             Not
             exempt
             from
             external
             punishments
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Wisdom
             ,
             seems
             stern
             at
             a
             distance
          
           
             70
          
           
             An
             exhortation
             to
             it
          
           
             161
          
           
             The
             way
             to
             attain
             to
             Constancy
          
           
             162
          
           
             Not
             acquired
             by
             wishes
          
           
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             The
             greatest
             instance
             of
             it
             ,
             what
             .
          
           
             174
          
        
         
           
           
             Y.
             
          
           
             YOuth
             ,
             advised
             in
             their
             studies
          
           
             161
          
           
             A
             good
             presage
             in
             Youth
             ,
             what
          
           
             165
          
        
         
           
             Z.
             
          
           
             ZEno
             ,
             how
             he
             defines
             fate
          
           
             108