A vindication of the Church of Scotland being an answer to a paper, intituled, Some questions concerning Episcopal and Presbyterial government in Scotland : wherein the latter is vindicated from the arguments and calumnies of that author, and the former is made appear to be a stranger in that nation/ by a minister of the Church of Scotland, as it is now established by law.
         Rule, Gilbert, 1629?-1701.
      
       
         
           1691
        
      
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             A vindication of the Church of Scotland being an answer to a paper, intituled, Some questions concerning Episcopal and Presbyterial government in Scotland : wherein the latter is vindicated from the arguments and calumnies of that author, and the former is made appear to be a stranger in that nation/ by a minister of the Church of Scotland, as it is now established by law.
             Rule, Gilbert, 1629?-1701.
          
           [4], 36, [1] p.
           
             Printed for Tho. Salusbury ...,
             London :
             1691.
          
           
             Written by Gilbert Rule. Cf. Halkett & Laing (2nd ed.)
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Cunningham, Alexander. -- Some questions resolved concerning Episcopal and Presbyterian government in Scotland.
           Church of Scotland -- Apologetic works.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           VINDICATION
           OF
           THE
           
             Church
             of
             Scotland
          
           .
           BEING
           AN
           ANSWER
           To
           a
           PAPER
           ,
           Intituled
           ,
           
             Some
             Questions
             concerning
             Episcopal
             and
             Presbyterial
             Government
             in
          
           SCOTLAND
           .
           WHEREIN
           The
           Latter
           is
           Vindicated
           from
           the
           Arguments
           and
           Calumnies
           of
           that
           Author
           ;
           and
           the
           former
           is
           made
           appear
           to
           be
           a
           Stranger
           in
           that
           NATION
           .
        
         
           By
           a
           Minister
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           Established
           by
           Law.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Tho.
             Salusbury
          
           at
           the
           Sign
           of
           the
           Temple
           near
           Temple-Bar
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
           1691.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           
             THat
             which
             is
             determined
             concerning
          
           all
           them
           that
           will
           live
           Godly
           in
           Christ
           Jesus
           ,
           
             that
             they
          
           must
           suffer
           Persecution
           ,
           
             is
             (
             and
             hath
             long
             been
             )
             the
             Lot
             of
             the
             Presbyterian
             Church
             of
          
           Scotland
           ;
           
             and
             a
             Generation
             of
             Men
             have
             thus
             exercised
             her
             for
             many
             Years
             by
             Severities
             hardly
             parallell'd
             among
             Protestants
             :
             And
             now
             when
             their
             Hands
             are
             tyed
             ,
             that
             they
             can
             no
             more
             thus
             afflict
             her
             ,
             their
             Tongues
             and
             Pens
             are
             let
             loose
             to
             tear
             her
             without
             mercy
             ,
             by
             the
             most
             virulent
             Invectives
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             horrid
             Lies
             and
             Calumnies
             that
             their
             Wit
             can
             invent
             ;
             there
             are
             more
             ways
             than
             one
             by
             which
          
           the
           Serpent
           casteth
           out
           of
           his
           mouth
           waters
           as
           a
           Flood
           ,
           that
           the
           Woman
           may
           be
           carried
           away
           of
           it
           .
           
             We
             hoped
             in
             the
             little
             reviving
             that
             the
             Lord
             hath
             given
             us
             from
             our
             Bondage
             ,
             to
             have
             had
             no
             diversion
             from
          
           feeding
           the
           Flocks
           over
           which
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           hath
           made
           us
           Overseers
           :
           
             But
             our
             Adversaries
             will
             force
             us
             unto
             a
             less
             pleasing
             Work
             ,
             which
             is
             yet
             also
             necessary
             for
             the
             continuence
             of
             the
             Truth
             and
             Purity
             of
             the
             Gospel
             with
             the
             People
             of
             God.
             They
             are
             the
             Assailants
             ,
             and
             we
             must
             act
             the
             part
             of
             Defendants
             ,
             without
             which
             necessity
             I
             should
             not
             have
             troubled
             the
             Reader
             with
             the
             following
             Sheets
             .
             It
             was
             judged
             necessary
             ,
             not
             by
             me
             only
             ,
             but
             by
             them
             whose
             Opinion
             and
             Authority
             I
             do
             justly
             reverence
             ;
             in
             obedience
             to
             which
             ,
             it
             was
             written
             five
             or
             six
             Months
             agoe
             ,
             but
             was
             by
             several
             Accidents
             hitherto
             kept
             from
             coming
             forth
             to
             the
             Light.
          
           We
           are
           for
           Peace
           
             (
             even
             with
             them
             who
             have
             not
             only
             differed
             from
             us
             ,
             but
             dealt
             hardly
             with
             us
             ;
             and
             are
             willing
             to
             receive
             such
             of
             them
             as
             are
             qualified
             to
             be
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Gospel
             )
          
           but
           when
           we
           speak
           
             (
             yea
             ,
             tho'
             we
             are
             silent
             ,
             and
             neither
             speak
             nor
             act
             against
             any
             of
             them
             but
             such
             as
             the
             Gospel
             declares
             to
             be
             unsavoury
             Salt
             )
          
           they
           are
           for
           War
           ;
           
             and
             labour
             to
             make
             us
             odious
             to
             Mankind
             ,
             but
             especially
             to
             our
             Rulers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Beside
             this
             Pamphlet
             ,
             several
             other
             Prints
             have
             been
             emitted
             by
             these
             Men
             ,
             containing
             partly
             Historical
             passages
             full
             of
             Lies
             and
             Reproaches
             ,
             and
             partly
             false
             and
             spightful
             representations
             of
             our
             Principles
             and
             way
             :
             To
             
             which
             an
             Answer
             ,
             such
             as
             they
             need
             or
             deserve
             ,
             shall
             e're
             long
             be
             given
             ,
             if
             the
             Lord
             permit
             .
             That
             this
             hath
             not
             sooner
             been
             done
             ,
             hath
             been
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             caused
             by
             the
             multitude
             of
             matters
             of
             Fact
             narrated
             in
             them
             ,
             said
             to
             be
             done
             in
             divers
             places
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             far
             remote
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             to
             all
             which
             it
             was
             necessary
             to
             send
             for
             getting
             a
             true
             Account
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             and
             there
             being
             but
             one
             Copy
             of
             each
             of
             these
             Books
             that
             we
             could
             find
             in
             all
          
           Scotland
           ,
           
             the
             several
             passages
             for
             the
             divers
             parts
             of
             the
             Country
             behoved
             to
             be
             transcribed
             and
             dispersed
             ,
             before
             Information
             about
             them
             could
             be
             bad
             ,
             which
             could
             not
             shun
             to
             require
             a
             long
             time
             ;
             and
             when
             these
             Informations
             were
             obtained
             ,
             some
             other
             things
             fell
             in
             ,
             which
             did
             yet
             longer
             retard
             the
             Answer
             ,
             which
             is
             now
             intended
             to
             be
             hastened
             as
             soon
             as
             may
             be
             .
             In
             this
             matter
             our
             Adversaries
             have
             used
             a
             piece
             of
             Cunning
             ,
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             these
             Books
             were
             spread
             in
          
           England
           
             only
             ,
             where
             the
             things
             contained
             in
             them
             could
             not
             be
             known
             nor
             examined
             :
             But
             in
          
           Scotland
           
             (
             where
             most
             Readers
             could
             have
             discovered
             the
             falshood
             of
             their
             Allegations
             )
             there
             never
             was
             one
             of
             them
             to
             be
             found
             in
             a
             Book
             seller's
             Shop
             :
             But
          
           veritas
           non
           quaerit
           Angulos
           .
        
         
           
             I
             shall
             not
             anticipate
             what
             is
             to
             be
             said
             in
             answer
             to
             the
             Books
             mentioned
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             a
             Letter
             of
             the
             same
             strain
             ,
             very
             lately
             come
             from
             the
             Press
             ;
             only
             it
             may
             be
             thought
             strange
             ,
             that
             the
             Men
             with
             whom
             we
             have
             to
             do
             ,
             should
             make
             such
             Tragical
             Outcries
             about
             their
             Sufferings
             ,
             when
             it
             may
             be
             made
             appear
             that
             in
             the
             late
             Times
             ,
             when
          
           Presbyterians
           
             suffered
             from
             their
             hand
             ,
             any
             one
             of
             many
             who
             may
             be
             instanced
             ,
             suffered
             more
             Hardship
             and
             barbarous
             Cruelty
             ,
             than
             all
             of
             them
             have
             endured
             .
             It
             is
             also
             unaccountable
             that
             they
             should
             on
             this
             occasion
             so
             reproach
             the
             Church
             as
             they
             do
             ,
             while
             very
             few
             (
             not
             above
             a
             dozen
             ,
             if
             I
             mistake
             not
             )
             have
             suffered
             by
             the
             Sentence
             of
             any
             Church
             Iudicatory
             ,
             and
             these
             for
             Scandals
             that
             no
             man
             will
             have
             the
             brow
             to
             plead
             for
             :
             And
             if
             two
             or
             three
             of
             them
             have
             been
             censured
             on
             slender
             grounds
             ,
             as
             is
             alledged
             ;
             not
             only
             our
             Church
             did
             give
             express
             warning
             to
          
           Presbyteries
           
             against
             this
             Practice
             :
             But
             the
             late
          
           General
           Assembly
           hath
           Committed
           
             it
             to
             some
             of
             the
             gravest
             and
             most
             experienced
             of
             their
             number
             to
             review
             such
             Processes
             (
             where
             Appeal
             or
             Complaint
             hath
             been
             made
             )
             and
             to
             relieve
             them
             who
             are
             injured
             .
             And
             it
             is
             evident
             to
             all
             who
             know
             our
             practices
             ,
             and
             can
             judge
             of
             them
             without
             partiality
             ,
             that
             the
          
           Presbyterian
           
             Church
             in
          
           Scotland
           
             hath
             at
             this
             juncture
             used
             all
             due
             means
             to
             make
             her
          
           Moderation
           known
           to
           all
           Men
           ,
           
             believing
             that
          
           the
           Lord
           is
           at
           hand
           ,
           
             who
             will
             judge
             between
             us
             and
             them
             who
             shew
             such
             spight
             against
             us
             ;
             to
             whose
             Iudgment
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Censure
             of
             unbyassed
             Men
             ,
             when
             they
             have
             heard
             both
             Parties
             ,
             and
             understood
             our
             matters
             ,
             we
             refer
             our
             Cause
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           VINDICATION
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           Being
           an
           Answer
           to
           a
           Paper
           ,
           Intituled
           ,
           
             Some
             Questions
             concerning
             Episcopal
             and
             Presbyterial
             Government
             in
          
           Scotland
           ;
           wherein
           the
           latter
           is
           vindicated
           from
           the
           Arguments
           and
           Calumnies
           of
           that
           Author
           ;
           and
           the
           former
           is
           made
           appear
           to
           be
           a
           stranger
           in
           that
           Nation
           .
        
         
           SO
           apparently
           weak
           and
           inconsequential
           are
           the
           Reasonings
           of
           this
           Pamphleter
           ,
           that
           nothing
           could
           make
           it
           reasonable
           for
           a
           Man
           who
           hath
           few
           spare
           hours
           from
           more
           necessary
           work
           ,
           to
           undertake
           an
           Answer
           ,
           except
           the
           Advice
           that
           the
           Wise
           man
           giveth
           Prov.
           26.
           5.
           for
           we
           find
           it
           to
           be
           the
           Genius
           of
           some
           of
           his
           Party
           ,
           when
           they
           find
           that
           Scripture
           and
           Reason
           cannot
           ,
           and
           Authority
           will
           not
           ,
           support
           their
           tottering
           Cause
           ,
           to
           betake
           themselves
           to
           clamorous
           lies
           and
           railing
           ,
           and
           charging
           others
           ,
           (
           as
           sometimes
           Children
           do
           )
           with
           the
           same
           thing
           in
           which
           themselves
           are
           most
           culpable
           ;
           as
           in
           a
           late
           Piece
           ,
           intituled
           ,
           
             An
             Account
             of
             the
             present
             Perscutions
             of
             the
             Church
             in
          
           Scotland
           
             by
             the
             Presbyterians
          
           .
           And
           to
           write
           (
           with
           or
           without
           reason
           ,
           seemeth
           to
           be
           much
           the
           same
           with
           them
           )
           something
           that
           may
           prevail
           with
           their
           easie
           and
           biassed
           Disciples
           ;
           for
           some
           men
           are
           more
           ashamed
           to
           say
           nothing
           ,
           then
           to
           say
           nothing
           to
           purpose
           .
        
         
           §
           2.
           
           He
           beginneth
           in
           his
           Title
           page
           with
           some
           Testimonies
           of
           King
           James
           VI.
           against
           the
           Presbyterians
           .
           To
           which
           two
           things
           may
           be
           said
           :
           1.
           
           That
           King
           James
           ,
           in
           an
           after
           Edition
           of
           his
           
             Basilicon
             Doron
          
           ,
           did
           declare
           he
           meant
           none
           but
           such
           as
           Anabaptists
           and
           Familists
           .
           2.
           
           We
           set
           in
           opposition
           to
           this
           Assertion
           ,
           another
           saying
           of
           the
           same
           Royal
           Author
           ,
           mentioned
           a
           little
           below
           .
        
         
           §
           3.
           
           His
           Preface
           taketh
           notice
           of
           two
           opposite
           Narratives
           concerning
           Episcopacy
           ;
           the
           one
           to
           the
           Act
           restoring
           it
           1662.
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Act
           by
           which
           it
           was
           abolished
           1689.
           whether
           of
           these
           contain
           most
           Truth
           and
           Sincerity
           ,
           is
           not
           to
           be
           judged
           of
           ,
           but
           by
           entring
           on
           the
           Merits
           of
           the
           Cause
           ;
           and
           his
           Pamphlet
           ,
           with
           this
           Answer
           to
           it
           ,
           may
           
           contribute
           some
           light
           to
           it
           .
           But
           that
           he
           supposeth
           Episcopacy
           to
           be
           best
           fitted
           to
           keep
           out
           Heresie
           ,
           is
           
             gratis
             dictum
          
           :
           and
           the
           falshood
           of
           it
           is
           manifest
           ,
           if
           we
           accompt
           Popery
           to
           be
           Heresie
           ;
           the
           Abominations
           of
           which
           arose
           ,
           and
           grew
           up
           under
           that
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           in
           this
           Nation
           ;
           what
           might
           be
           its
           effects
           in
           other
           Churches
           ,
           we
           do
           not
           now
           consider
           .
           And
           our
           Experience
           may
           inform
           us
           what
           steps
           have
           been
           made
           ,
           not
           only
           toward
           the
           Superstitions
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           Doctrines
           of
           Popery
           under
           its
           Wings
           ,
           since
           its
           restauration
           .
           And
           how
           Arminianism
           hath
           been
           warmed
           ,
           and
           got
           life
           by
           its
           influence
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           is
           too
           well
           known
           .
           He
           cannot
           be
           ignorant
           of
           what
           K.
           James
           VI.
           (
           whose
           Authority
           in
           matters
           of
           Truth
           ,
           he
           often
           brings
           as
           an
           Argument
           )
           used
           to
           say
           of
           Presbytery
           ,
           as
           managed
           in
           
             Scotland
             ,
             That
             no
             Error
             could
             get
             footing
             there
             while
             Kirk-Sessions
             ,
             Presbyteries
             ,
             Synods
             ,
             and
             General
             Assemblies
             stood
             in
             their
             force
             .
          
           What
           evil
           speaking
           and
           reviling
           there
           is
           in
           the
           
             Brief
             and
             True
             Account
             of
             the
             Sufferings
             of
             the
             Church
             of
          
           Scotland
           ,
           occasioned
           by
           the
           Episcopalians
           since
           the
           Year
           1660.
           
           I
           know
           not
           ,
           not
           having
           seen
           that
           Book
           :
           But
           I
           am
           sure
           his
           Party
           is
           in
           
             mala
             fide
          
           to
           challenge
           it
           ,
           their
           stile
           being
           such
           to
           the
           Life
           ,
           not
           in
           this
           Pamphlet
           only
           ,
           but
           especially
           in
           those
           before
           mentioned
           .
        
         
           §
           4.
           
           The
           first
           of
           his
           Questions
           is
           ,
           
             Whether
             Presbytery
             (
             as
             contrary
             to
             the
             Episcopacy
             restored
             in
          
           Scotland
           1662.
           )
           
             was
             settled
             by
             Law
             ,
             when
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             came
             to
             have
             the
             Legal
             Establishment
             in
             that
             Kingdom
             ?
          
           Which
           Question
           may
           be
           two
           ways
           understood
           ,
           and
           neither
           of
           them
           much
           to
           his
           purpose
           :
           either
           ,
           whether
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           setled
           by
           Law
           ,
           found
           Presbytery
           already
           established
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           foolish
           Question
           ;
           for
           who
           ever
           heard
           of
           Presbytery
           under
           regnant
           Popery
           ;
           we
           deny
           not
           Episcopacy
           to
           be
           as
           old
           as
           Popery
           :
           or
           ,
           whether
           Protestanism
           and
           Presbytery
           were
           by
           Law
           established
           at
           the
           same
           instant
           :
           neither
           is
           this
           Question
           to
           the
           present
           purpose
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           enough
           to
           shew
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           (
           as
           soon
           as
           reformed
           )
           about
           Church
           Government
           ,
           if
           our
           Adversaries
           cannot
           make
           it
           appear
           that
           she
           chused
           to
           be
           governed
           by
           Bishops
           :
           And
           if
           we
           can
           shew
           that
           Presbytery
           was
           the
           Government
           practised
           in
           her
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reformation
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           was
           by
           Law
           established
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           any
           fixed
           Government
           could
           be
           settled
           .
           And
           good
           Reasons
           may
           be
           given
           why
           it
           was
           not
           done
           at
           the
           very
           first
           .
           First
           ,
           The
           Errors
           and
           Idolatry
           of
           that
           way
           were
           so
           gross
           ,
           and
           of
           such
           immediate
           hazard
           to
           the
           Souls
           of
           People
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           wonder
           that
           our
           Reformers
           minded
           these
           first
           and
           mainly
           ,
           and
           thought
           it
           a
           great
           step
           to
           get
           these
           removed
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           took
           some
           more
           time
           to
           consult
           about
           the
           reforming
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           It
           was
           
           possible
           at
           first
           ,
           when
           the
           Nation
           was
           scarcely
           crept
           out
           of
           Popery
           ,
           to
           get
           a
           competent
           number
           of
           Ministers
           and
           Elders
           ,
           who
           might
           manage
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           but
           this
           behoved
           to
           be
           a
           work
           of
           time
           :
           But
           what
           they
           did
           in
           this
           ,
           and
           what
           was
           their
           Sentiments
           about
           Church
           Order
           ,
           we
           shall
           after
           have
           occasion
           to
           discourse
           .
        
         
           §
           5.
           
           Toward
           the
           Resolution
           of
           his
           first
           Question
           ,
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           in
           several
           particulars
           ,
           wherein
           all
           the
           dispute
           is
           ,
           that
           is
           intrinsick
           to
           the
           Notion
           of
           a
           Church
           Government
           ;
           which
           his
           Question
           he
           stateth
           with
           no
           great
           shew
           of
           understanding
           in
           these
           Controversies
           .
           But
           that
           I
           insist
           not
           on
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           here
           chiefly
           to
           be
           observed
           is
           ,
           that
           he
           overlooketh
           that
           which
           is
           the
           chief
           (
           yea
           the
           only
           )
           Question
           ,
           on
           which
           our
           Controversie
           with
           the
           Prelatists
           doth
           turn
           ;
           viz.
           Whether
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           should
           be
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           a
           single
           Person
           ,
           or
           of
           a
           Community
           ?
           whether
           the
           Rulers
           of
           the
           Church
           ought
           to
           manage
           that
           Work
           in
           parity
           ,
           or
           one
           should
           manage
           it
           as
           Supreme
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           in
           Subordination
           to
           him
           .
           The
           distorted
           notion
           of
           a
           Moderator
           in
           Church
           Meetings
           that
           he
           hath
           taken
           up
           ,
           seemeth
           to
           mislead
           him
           in
           this
           matter
           ;
           for
           we
           will
           not
           yield
           that
           the
           Moderator
           ,
           
             qua
             talis
          
           ,
           is
           a
           Church
           Governour
           ,
           nor
           that
           he
           hath
           any
           Jurisdiction
           over
           his
           Brethren
           ;
           his
           power
           is
           meerly
           ordinative
           ,
           not
           decisive
           ;
           to
           be
           the
           Mouth
           of
           the
           Meeting
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           their
           Will
           or
           commanding
           Faculty
           ;
           to
           keep
           order
           in
           the
           manner
           and
           managing
           what
           cometh
           before
           them
           ;
           not
           to
           determine
           what
           is
           debated
           among
           them
           .
           The
           Author
           talketh
           at
           random
           ,
           not
           knowing
           what
           he
           saith
           ,
           nor
           whereof
           he
           affirmeth
           ,
           when
           he
           speaketh
           of
           our
           election
           of
           a
           Moderator
           ,
           as
           done
           
             by
             the
             Clergy
          
           (
           as
           he
           speaketh
           )
           
             Lay-Elders
             and
             Deacons
          
           :
           For
           where
           was
           it
           ever
           heard
           of
           that
           Deacons
           had
           a
           Vote
           in
           Presbyteries
           or
           Synods
           ,
           among
           Scotch
           Presbyterians
           ;
           we
           count
           them
           (
           though
           they
           are
           Officers
           of
           Divine
           appointment
           ,
           yet
           )
           the
           Servants
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           not
           her
           Rulers
           ;
           they
           are
           employed
           about
           her
           Goods
           ,
           not
           in
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           §
           6.
           
           He
           asserteth
           that
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           was
           by
           Law
           established
           in
           Anno
           1567.
           and
           the
           Constitution
           of
           Bishops
           remained
           as
           the
           Legal
           establishment
           ,
           and
           that
           Presbytery
           was
           not
           legally
           settled
           till
           1592.
           
           His
           proofs
           for
           this
           ,
           and
           Objections
           that
           he
           obviateth
           against
           it
           ,
           I
           shall
           consider
           ,
           after
           I
           have
           given
           a
           true
           Historical
           Accompt
           of
           the
           being
           and
           establishment
           of
           Presbytery
           in
           this
           Nation
           .
           Two
           things
           we
           maintain
           as
           to
           this
           ;
           the
           former
           is
           ,
           That
           not
           Episcopacy
           ,
           but
           a
           Government
           managed
           by
           the
           Teachers
           of
           the
           Church
           acting
           in
           commune
           ,
           and
           in
           parity
           ,
           had
           place
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           with
           its
           first
           Christianity
           ,
           and
           some
           Ages
           after
           .
           The
           other
           is
           ,
           That
           not
           Episcopacy
           ,
           but
           Presbytery
           ,
           was
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           
           as
           soon
           as
           it
           was
           reformed
           from
           Popery
           .
           For
           the
           former
           ,
           Though
           we
           assert
           not
           that
           the
           first
           Christians
           in
           Scotland
           had
           Presbytery
           in
           all
           the
           Modes
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           we
           have
           ;
           neither
           can
           we
           attain
           the
           distinct
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Actings
           of
           these
           Times
           by
           any
           Records
           that
           are
           left
           us
           ;
           yet
           that
           there
           was
           a
           Parity
           ,
           and
           no
           Prelacy
           among
           the
           Church
           Rulers
           in
           Scotland
           :
           For
           all
           agree
           that
           Donald
           (
           who
           entered
           upon
           the
           Government
           in
           the
           Year
           199.
           )
           was
           the
           first
           Christian
           King
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           though
           it
           is
           rationally
           thought
           ,
           by
           the
           best
           Historians
           ,
           that
           Christianity
           was
           embraced
           by
           many
           of
           the
           people
           before
           that
           :
           And
           Baronius
           affirmeth
           ,
           That
           the
           Scots
           received
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           from
           Pope
           Victor
           ;
           (
           had
           he
           said
           in
           his
           time
           ,
           we
           should
           have
           assented
           fully
           ,
           but
           what
           he
           saith
           is
           enough
           to
           our
           purpose
           )
           who
           was
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           from
           194.
           to
           203.
           
           And
           it
           is
           clear
           from
           Baronius
           ,
           and
           the
           current
           of
           Historians
           ,
           that
           Palladius
           was
           the
           first
           Bishop
           of
           the
           Scots
           :
           
             (
             Spondan
             :
             exit
             Annal.
             Baron
             .
             ad
             Annum
             Christi
             431.
             p.
             (
             mihi
             )
          
           592.
           hath
           these
           words
           ;
           
             Sanctus
             Prosper
             missum
             ait
             Palladium
             ordinatum
             primum
             Episcopum
             ad
             Scotos
             .
             )
          
           He
           was
           sent
           thither
           by
           Pope
           Celestine
           ,
           who
           ascended
           that
           Chair
           Anno
           424.
           
           So
           that
           the
           Scotch
           Christians
           lived
           without
           Bishops
           for
           about
           320
           years
           ,
           until
           Popery
           and
           its
           Appendices
           did
           overspread
           the
           World.
           What
           is
           alledged
           by
           some
           ,
           that
           Palladius
           was
           sent
           to
           convert
           the
           Scots
           ,
           is
           contrary
           to
           Beda
           ,
           who
           tells
           us
           
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
          
           13.
           that
           he
           was
           sent
           
             ad
             Scotos
             in
             Christum
             credentes
          
           .
           And
           what
           others
           alledge
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           Irish
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           who
           then
           were
           called
           Scots
           ,
           is
           without
           ground
           .
           For
           1.
           
           
             Beda
             Hist.
             lib.
             1.
             c.
          
           12.
           sheweth
           whom
           he
           meaneth
           by
           Scots
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           those
           that
           were
           separated
           from
           the
           Britains
           by
           the
           two
           Seas
           ,
           which
           he
           sheweth
           to
           be
           Clyde
           and
           
             Forth
             .
             2.
             
             Patrick
          
           was
           sent
           to
           them
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           
             viz.
             Palladius
          
           was
           sent
           to
           
             Scotland
             Anno
          
           431.
           and
           Celestine
           died
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           132.
           who
           yet
           sent
           Patrick
           to
           Ireland
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           sufficient
           ground
           for
           this
           from
           Balaeus
           (
           cited
           by
           Sir
           
             G.
             Mekenzie
          
           against
           
             St.
             Asaph
          
           )
           where
           it
           is
           said
           that
           Palladius
           was
           sent
           to
           Scotland
           ;
           that
           
             Claruit
             Anno
          
           434.
           and
           therefore
           could
           not
           dye
           to
           make
           room
           for
           Patrick
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           431.
           and
           that
           he
           died
           at
           Fordon
           in
           the
           Mernes
           in
           Scotland
           .
           Also
           Tertullian
           ,
           who
           lived
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Third
           Century
           ,
           speaketh
           of
           the
           Scots
           as
           then
           Christians
           ;
           
             &
             Britannorum
             Romanis
             inaccessa
             loca
             Christo
             vero
             subdita
             ,
          
           which
           Baronius
           applieth
           to
           the
           Scots
           ;
           and
           to
           no
           other
           in
           that
           Ifle
           it
           can
           be
           applied
           .
           
             Spanhem
             .
             Epit.
             Isag.
             ad
             Hist.
             N.
             T.
             Saecul
             .
             3.
             
             Sect.
             2.
             distichon
             hoc
             dicit
             esse
             Vulgatum
             .
          
           
             
               Christi
               transactis
               tribus
               Annis
               atque
               ducentis
            
             
               Scotia
               Catholicam
               coepit
               habere
               fidem
               .
            
          
           Besides
           this
           ,
           it
           is
           clear
           from
           
             Beda
             Hist.
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             25.
             &
             lib.
             5.
             c.
             16.
             
             &
          
           22.
           how
           averse
           the
           Scots
           were
           from
           the
           practises
           of
           the
           Romish
           Church
           in
           
           the
           Observation
           of
           Easter
           and
           the
           Tonsure
           .
           And
           that
           Venerable
           Author
           taxeth
           them
           as
           
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Canons
          
           ;
           and
           that
           
             they
             knew
             nothing
             but
             the
             Writings
             of
             the
             Apostles
             :
          
           Which
           may
           give
           good
           ground
           to
           think
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           long
           before
           that
           Church-Domination
           ,
           Prelacy
           ,
           which
           at
           last
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           submit
           to
           ,
           got
           place
           among
           them
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           7.
           
           That
           Bishops
           were
           setled
           in
           Scotland
           with
           the
           beginning
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           
             Arch-Bishop
             Spotswood
          
           doth
           boldly
           assert
           ,
           but
           doth
           not
           bring
           any
           Vouchers
           for
           what
           he
           affirmeth
           :
           Neither
           doth
           he
           name
           any
           one
           of
           these
           Bishops
           till
           
             Amphibalus
             ,
             who
          
           (
           he
           saith
           )
           
             sat
             first
             Bishop
             in
             the
             Isle
          
           Iona
           ,
           or
           Icolmkill
           :
           But
           this
           was
           long
           after
           Christianity
           came
           into
           Scotland
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           all
           the
           time
           was
           now
           lapsed
           that
           the
           Culdees
           remained
           in
           the
           
             Isle
             of
             Man
          
           ,
           where
           Crathelinth
           (
           little
           less
           than
           a
           hundred
           Years
           after
           Donald
           ,
           and
           the
           entrance
           of
           Christianity
           )
           built
           a
           Church
           for
           them
           ,
           called
           
             Fanum
             Sodorense
          
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           were
           at
           least
           above
           a
           Hundred
           Years
           without
           a
           Bishop
           .
           Again
           ,
           Spotswood
           is
           alone
           in
           this
           ,
           all
           other
           Historians
           making
           Palladius
           the
           first
           Bishop
           .
           Neither
           is
           there
           any
           ground
           to
           think
           that
           Amphibalus
           was
           in
           any
           degree
           of
           Jurisdiction
           above
           other
           Culdees
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Famous
           Man
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           of
           them
           that
           is
           expressed
           by
           Name
           in
           History
           .
           This
           Author
           telleth
           also
           of
           other
           Bishops
           ,
           but
           giveth
           no
           ground
           to
           believe
           any
           more
           of
           them
           ,
           than
           that
           there
           were
           Men
           so
           named
           ,
           who
           were
           Famous
           among
           the
           Scotch
           Christians
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           like
           were
           their
           Preachers
           .
           We
           conclude
           then
           that
           the
           Christian
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           was
           governed
           by
           the
           Culdees
           ,
           who
           are
           sometimes
           called
           Priests
           ,
           sometimes
           Monks
           ,
           sometimes
           Bishops
           .
           Neither
           is
           there
           any
           ground
           to
           think
           that
           this
           Name
           was
           appropriated
           to
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           secluding
           the
           rest
           ,
           till
           Palladius
           came
           to
           Scotland
           ;
           far
           less
           that
           any
           of
           them
           had
           Jurisdiction
           over
           the
           rest
           :
           What
           may
           be
           met
           with
           concerning
           any
           Famous
           Man
           that
           was
           Head
           over
           the
           Society
           at
           Icolmkill
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           maketh
           nothing
           for
           Episcopacy
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           there
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           School
           ,
           where
           Students
           were
           bred
           for
           the
           Ministry
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           had
           Jurisdiction
           over
           the
           Culdees
           ,
           who
           either
           there
           ,
           or
           through
           the
           Country
           ,
           preached
           the
           Gospel
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           hath
           no
           semblance
           of
           truth
           .
           Yea
           ,
           we
           further
           assert
           ,
           that
           however
           a
           Prelacy
           (
           together
           with
           other
           
             Romish
             Innovations
          
           )
           was
           brought
           into
           the
           Scotch
           Church
           with
           Palladius
           ;
           yet
           Episcopacy
           ,
           as
           our
           Pamphleteer
           pleadeth
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           was
           lately
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           was
           not
           known
           in
           this
           Church
           for
           a
           long
           time
           after
           .
           For
           Constantine
           the
           Second
           ,
           King
           of
           Scots
           ,
           in
           the
           Ninth
           Century
           ,
           made
           a
           Law
           against
           Church-men's
           medling
           with
           Secular
           Business
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           could
           not
           sit
           in
           Parliament
           :
           And
           it
           was
           
             Malcolme
             Canmore
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Eleventh
           Century
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           he
           brought
           in
           new
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           
           into
           the
           Civil
           State
           ,
           so
           he
           changed
           the
           Discipline
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           brought
           Episcopacy
           to
           its
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           8.
           
           The
           second
           thing
           that
           we
           above
           have
           asserted
           ,
           is
           ,
           That
           when
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           was
           brought
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           Popery
           cast
           out
           of
           it
           ,
           this
           Protestant
           Church
           was
           not
           setled
           under
           Episcopal
           Government
           ,
           but
           under
           Presbytery
           ,
           and
           did
           so
           continue
           for
           many
           years
           ;
           till
           by
           the
           secret
           practices
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           by
           open
           force
           of
           ambitious
           men
           ,
           the
           Government
           was
           changed
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           disquiet
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           Although
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Truth
           did
           begin
           privately
           to
           creep
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           spread
           among
           the
           People
           more
           early
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           K.
           James
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           and
           made
           greater
           advances
           under
           his
           Daughter
           Queen
           Mary
           ;
           yet
           the
           first
           publick
           step
           of
           the
           Reformation
           that
           is
           found
           in
           History
           ,
           was
           in
           1540.
           when
           ,
           in
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           the
           rigour
           of
           Acts
           against
           them
           who
           have
           English
           Bibles
           ,
           was
           taken
           off
           ,
           and
           liberty
           was
           granted
           to
           read
           the
           Bible
           in
           their
           Mother-Tongue
           ;
           also
           to
           read
           other
           Treatises
           :
           this
           was
           1543.
           
           After
           this
           ,
           for
           divers
           Years
           ,
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           Commons
           ,
           owned
           the
           true
           Religion
           ,
           tho'
           the
           publick
           Profession
           was
           still
           Popish
           :
           Yea
           ,
           by
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           a
           Bond
           was
           solemnly
           entred
           into
           ,
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           the
           Truth
           ,
           and
           adherence
           to
           it
           ,
           Anno
           1557.
           
           In
           the
           same
           Year
           the
           Queen
           granted
           Liberty
           for
           Publick
           Administration
           of
           the
           Word
           and
           Sacraments
           ,
           as
           was
           desired
           by
           a
           Petition
           of
           the
           Protestants
           .
           Anno
           1559.
           the
           Protestant
           Ministers
           and
           People
           held
           a
           General
           Assembly
           at
           St.
           Johnstown
           ,
           saith
           
             Knox
             ,
             Hist.
             lib.
          
           2.
           137.
           at
           which
           
             I.
             Knox
          
           was
           present
           .
           All
           this
           while
           there
           was
           no
           Episcopal
           Authority
           owned
           or
           submitted
           to
           among
           the
           Protestants
           ;
           however
           Bishops
           still
           retained
           their
           places
           in
           the
           Romish
           Church
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           State.
           In
           the
           Year
           1560.
           
           July
           17.
           in
           a
           Parliament
           held
           at
           Edenburgh
           ,
           the
           Confession
           of
           Faith
           ,
           containing
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           was
           by
           Law
           established
           ;
           August
           24.
           an
           Act
           past
           against
           saying
           of
           Mass.
           The
           same
           Year
           the
           Pope's
           Authority
           in
           Scotland
           was
           abolished
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           .
           Anno
           1561.
           the
           first
           Book
           of
           Discipline
           was
           presented
           to
           the
           Convention
           of
           Estates
           ,
           but
           delayed
           and
           not
           approved
           nor
           condemned
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           yet
           soon
           after
           it
           was
           approved
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Council
           ,
           and
           in
           it
           Presbyterian
           Government
           approved
           ;
           for
           it
           owneth
           no
           fixed
           Officers
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           Pastors
           ,
           Teachers
           ,
           Elders
           ,
           and
           Deacons
           ,
           (
           what
           is
           to
           be
           thought
           of
           the
           Superintendents
           therein
           mentioned
           ,
           is
           after
           to
           be
           considered
           )
           this
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           the
           Book
           containing
           it
           ,
           was
           subscribed
           to
           in
           
             January
             1561.
             
             (
             1560.
             stilo
             vetere
             )
          
           by
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Nobility
           .
           December
           1560.
           a
           General
           Assembly
           was
           held
           ,
           where
           sat
           no
           Church-men
           
           but
           Ministers
           .
           Another
           General
           Assembly
           was
           held
           Decemb.
           25.
           1562.
           where
           Bishops
           are
           so
           far
           from
           Church-Domination
           ,
           that
           they
           and
           other
           Ministers
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           entred
           by
           the
           Order
           in
           the
           Book
           of
           Discipline
           ,
           are
           inhibited
           till
           further
           Tryal
           .
           1563.
           
           A
           General
           Assembly
           at
           Perth
           about
           the
           end
           of
           June
           ,
           gave
           the
           same
           Power
           ,
           or
           Commission
           ,
           for
           planting
           Kirks
           ,
           suspending
           ,
           depriving
           ,
           transplanting
           Ministers
           ,
           &c.
           to
           some
           Ministers
           ,
           that
           had
           been
           given
           to
           Superintendents
           :
           And
           it
           is
           noticed
           by
           the
           Historian
           ,
           that
           Presbyteries
           were
           not
           yet
           constituted
           because
           of
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Ministers
           .
           What
           is
           there
           in
           all
           this
           that
           looketh
           like
           Episcopal
           Government
           ?
           Another
           General
           Assembly
           met
           June
           1565.
           also
           Decemb.
           25.
           of
           the
           same
           Year
           ;
           where
           the
           Power
           of
           Superintendents
           was
           a
           little
           clipt
           ;
           also
           about
           the
           end
           of
           June
           1567.
           
           At
           a
           Parliament
           held
           at
           
             Edenburgh
             ,
             Decemb.
          
           15.
           1567.
           several
           Acts
           were
           made
           about
           Church
           Affairs
           ,
           where
           not
           only
           mention
           is
           made
           of
           Synods
           and
           General
           Assemblies
           ,
           but
           Appeals
           allowed
           to
           the
           latter
           ,
           and
           from
           it
           Appeals
           are
           forbidden
           ;
           and
           a
           Commission
           appointed
           to
           enquire
           into
           what
           Points
           should
           belong
           to
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           all
           Church-Jurisdiction
           forbidden
           but
           what
           is
           ,
           or
           shall
           presently
           be
           established
           .
           Another
           General
           Assembly
           Decemb.
           25.
           1567.
           also
           July
           1568.
           in
           both
           which
           Superintendents
           were
           censured
           ;
           and
           a
           Bishop
           (
           to
           wit
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           such
           )
           deposed
           from
           the
           Ministry
           .
           In
           the
           last
           Assembly
           it
           is
           appointed
           who
           shall
           Vote
           in
           Assemblies
           ,
           and
           not
           one
           word
           of
           Bishops
           .
           Another
           Assembly
           July
           1569.
           
           Another
           
             March
             1st
          
           .
           1570.
           where
           Order
           is
           set
           down
           about
           chusing
           the
           Moderator
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           Prelate
           to
           pretend
           to
           that
           Priviledge
           .
           Another
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           July
           1570.
           
           Another
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           March
           1571.
           where
           again
           Superintendents
           are
           limited
           .
           In
           January
           1572.
           a
           Convention
           of
           Church
           men
           met
           at
           Leith
           ,
           who
           were
           too
           much
           influenced
           by
           the
           Court
           :
           The
           Council
           also
           with
           the
           Regent
           appointed
           Articles
           to
           be
           drawn
           for
           the
           Policy
           of
           the
           Kirk
           ,
           and
           after
           approved
           them
           :
           By
           them
           was
           restored
           the
           Image
           of
           Prelacy
           ,
           (
           yet
           the
           real
           Exercise
           of
           Presbytery
           ,
           in
           all
           its
           Meetings
           ,
           lesser
           and
           greater
           ,
           continued
           and
           was
           allowed
           )
           for
           these
           called
           
             Tulchan
             Bishops
          
           were
           set
           up
           ;
           who
           had
           the
           name
           of
           Bishops
           while
           Noblemen
           and
           others
           had
           the
           Revenue
           ,
           and
           the
           Church
           had
           the
           Power
           .
           This
           cannot
           be
           pretended
           to
           be
           a
           restoring
           of
           Prelacy
           ,
           more
           than
           of
           Popish
           Abbacies
           and
           Priories
           ,
           which
           were
           then
           the
           same
           way
           brought
           in
           .
           This
           Constitution
           was
           never
           allowed
           by
           the
           General
           Assembly
           ,
           and
           it
           lasted
           but
           three
           or
           four
           years
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           Corruption
           was
           protested
           against
           by
           the
           General
           Assembly
           6th
           .
           of
           August
           1572.
           
           In
           an
           Assembly
           at
           
             Edenburgh
             March
          
           6.
           1573.
           
           
             David
             Ferguson
          
           was
           Moderator
           ,
           tho'
           neither
           Bishop
           nor
           Superintendent
           .
           
           Another
           Assembly
           August
           6.
           
           Mr.
           
             Alexander
             Arbuthnot
          
           ,
           Principal
           of
           the
           old
           Colledge
           of
           Aberdeen
           ,
           was
           Moderator
           .
           Assemb
           .
           1574.
           concluded
           that
           the
           power
           of
           Bishops
           should
           be
           no
           more
           than
           that
           of
           Superintendents
           .
           In
           many
           of
           these
           Assemblies
           the
           Policy
           of
           the
           Church
           was
           revised
           and
           still
           carrying
           on
           toward
           perfection
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           in
           other
           Assemblies
           pains
           was
           taken
           to
           perfect
           the
           Policy
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           at
           last
           came
           forth
           in
           the
           Second
           Book
           of
           Policy
           ,
           agreed
           on
           in
           the
           General
           Assembly
           Octob.
           25.
           1577.
           
           Also
           1578.
           at
           several
           Assemblies
           Acts
           were
           made
           against
           Bishops
           ,
           the
           revising
           of
           the
           Book
           of
           Policy
           was
           delayed
           in
           a
           Parliament
           at
           Sterling
           Castle
           1578.
           called
           the
           Imprisoned
           Parliament
           .
           General
           Assembly
           July
           13.
           at
           Dundie
           1580.
           condemned
           the
           Office
           of
           Bishops
           as
           unlawful
           :
           Another
           at
           
             Edenburgh
             Octob.
          
           20.
           appointed
           a
           platform
           to
           be
           drawn
           for
           Presbyteries
           .
           1581.
           
           The
           second
           Confession
           of
           Faith
           was
           subscribed
           by
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Houshold
           :
           Where
           Episcopacy
           is
           condemned
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           Hierarchy
           ,
           it
           being
           declared
           that
           no
           other
           Church
           policy
           was
           to
           be
           allowed
           save
           that
           which
           then
           was
           used
           ,
           which
           every
           one
           knoweth
           was
           Presbytery
           .
           The
           same
           Year
           the
           Assembly
           caused
           Registrate
           the
           Book
           of
           Policy
           among
           their
           Acts.
           In
           May
           1584.
           some
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           were
           made
           ,
           derogating
           from
           the
           Liberties
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           so
           little
           weight
           was
           laid
           on
           them
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           King's
           Command
           some
           Ministers
           were
           appointed
           to
           make
           Animadversions
           on
           them
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           King
           answered
           ,
           explaining
           and
           smoothing
           most
           of
           these
           grievous
           Acts.
           In
           the
           Assembly
           1586.
           
           Commissions
           for
           Visitations
           were
           taken
           from
           Bishops
           ,
           Superintendents
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           and
           the
           Church
           in
           several
           Meetings
           declared
           against
           Prelacy
           .
           Much
           Contention
           there
           was
           between
           the
           Church
           in
           her
           lesser
           and
           greater
           Assemblies
           ,
           and
           a
           Court-Faction
           ,
           about
           Prelacy
           ,
           which
           yet
           was
           never
           re-established
           ;
           but
           at
           last
           in
           the
           Parliament
           begun
           29
           of
           March
           1592.
           it
           was
           utterly
           abolished
           ,
           and
           Presbyterial
           Government
           fully
           settled
           ;
           which
           Arch-Bishop
           Spotswood
           in
           his
           History
           ,
           tho'he
           cannot
           deny
           ,
           yet
           doth
           most
           disingenuously
           labour
           to
           obscure
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           9.
           
           Let
           us
           now
           consider
           what
           grounds
           the
           Pamphleter
           lays
           for
           his
           Conclusion
           ,
           and
           what
           is
           the
           Conclusion
           he
           buildeth
           on
           them
           ;
           the
           latter
           of
           these
           I
           first
           consider
           .
           In
           it
           I
           observe
           first
           ,
           he
           is
           out
           in
           his
           Arithmetick
           ;
           for
           between
           1567
           and
           1592.
           are
           not
           35
           but
           25
           Years
           .
           Another
           thing
           to
           be
           observed
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           can
           make
           nothing
           for
           his
           Design
           ,
           that
           Presbyterian
           Government
           was
           not
           presently
           established
           by
           Law
           with
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           because
           then
           the
           Nation
           having
           so
           lately
           been
           wholly
           Popish
           ,
           and
           but
           few
           of
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           or
           other
           Learned
           Men
           ,
           converted
           to
           the
           True
           Religion
           ,
           there
           could
           not
           be
           a
           
           competent
           number
           of
           Ministers
           got
           ,
           who
           were
           tolerably
           qualified
           ,
           either
           to
           rule
           the
           Church
           or
           to
           administer
           other
           Ordinances
           :
           and
           the
           space
           of
           25
           years
           was
           not
           long
           for
           growing
           up
           of
           such
           an
           increase
           of
           useful
           Plants
           as
           might
           furnish
           Churches
           and
           constitute
           Presbyteries
           every
           where
           in
           the
           Nation
           ;
           especially
           if
           we
           consider
           what
           opposition
           was
           made
           to
           this
           settlement
           by
           the
           Court
           and
           its
           dependents
           ;
           and
           how
           some
           unfaithful
           preachers
           complied
           with
           the
           Court
           ,
           in
           hope
           of
           preferment
           from
           the
           year
           1584.
           it
           was
           rather
           to
           be
           wondered
           at
           ,
           that
           this
           work
           was
           so
           speedily
           brought
           to
           such
           issue
           ,
           and
           through
           such
           opposition
           .
           Let
           him
           make
           what
           advantage
           of
           his
           conclusion
           he
           can
           :
           it
           is
           evident
           from
           what
           hath
           been
           said
           ,
           that
           Episcopacy
           never
           took
           place
           in
           the
           Protestant
           Church
           after
           the
           Reformation
           ,
           till
           Presbytery
           was
           fully
           setled
           :
           also
           that
           the
           Inclinations
           of
           the
           protestant
           people
           of
           Scotland
           (
           to
           speak
           in
           the
           dialect
           of
           our
           time
           )
           were
           always
           for
           Presbytery
           ,
           and
           strongly
           against
           Prelacy
           :
           and
           that
           whatever
           the
           State
           did
           to
           retard
           this
           work
           ,
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Church
           was
           always
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Presbytery
           .
           It
           is
           also
           evident
           ,
           that
           Episcopal
           Jurisdiction
           over
           the
           Protestants
           was
           condemned
           by
           Law
           in
           that
           same
           Parliament
           ,
           1567.
           wherein
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           was
           established
           :
           for
           it
           is
           there
           
             statute
             and
             ordain'd
             ,
             that
             no
             other
             Iurisdiction
             Ecclesiastical
             be
             acknowledged
             within
             this
             Realm
             than
             that
             which
             is
             ,
             and
             shall
             be
             within
             this
             same
             Kirk
             established
             presently
             ,
             or
             which
             floweth
             therefrom
             ,
             concerning
             preaching
             the
             Word
             ,
             correction
             of
             Manners
             ,
             administration
             of
             Sacraments
             .
          
           Now
           I
           hope
           none
           will
           affirm
           ,
           that
           prelatical
           Jurisdiction
           then
           was
           ,
           or
           was
           soon
           after
           established
           in
           the
           protestant
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           10.
           
           The
           Foundations
           on
           which
           he
           buildeth
           his
           Conclusion
           make
           as
           little
           against
           what
           we
           hold
           :
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             the
             Constitution
             of
             Bishops
             ,
             having
             then
             the
             Publick
             Authority
             ,
             (
             the
             Popish
             Bishops
             sitting
             in
             this
             Parliament
             which
             setled
             the
             Reformation
             )
             must
             in
             the
             Construction
             of
             the
             Law
             be
             confest
             to
             remain
             firm
             from
             1567
             ,
             to
             1592.
             
             Ans.
          
           It
           is
           not
           denied
           ,
           that
           the
           Constitution
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           their
           Temporalties
           ,
           (
           such
           as
           sitting
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           &c.
           )
           remained
           after
           1567.
           yea
           ,
           neither
           do
           we
           say
           that
           ,
           that
           Law
           took
           from
           them
           the
           Authority
           they
           had
           over
           the
           Popish
           Church
           ,
           (
           so
           far
           as
           then
           't
           was
           in
           being
           )
           for
           this
           Law
           did
           not
           pretend
           to
           unbishop
           them
           ,
           or
           make
           them
           no
           Priests
           ;
           nor
           did
           it
           touch
           their
           pretended
           
             Indelible
             Character
          
           .
           But
           it
           is
           manifest
           ,
           that
           after
           this
           Law
           they
           had
           no
           legal
           Title
           to
           rule
           the
           Protestant
           Church
           :
           and
           that
           by
           this
           ,
           nor
           any
           other
           Law
           ,
           no
           other
           Bishops
           were
           put
           in
           their
           room
           for
           the
           ruling
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           To
           what
           he
           saith
           of
           the
           Popish
           Bishops
           sitting
           in
           a
           reforming
           Parliament
           ,
           I
           oppose
           what
           Leslie
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Rosse
           a
           Papist
           ,
           hath
           ,
           
             De
             gest
             .
             Scotorum
             ,
             lib.
             10.
             pag.
          
           536.
           that
           
             concilium
             
             à
             sectae
             nobilibus
             cum
             Regina
             habitum
             nullo
             ecclesiastico
             admisso
             ,
             ubi
             sancitum
             ,
             ne
             quis
             quod
             ad
             religionem
             attinet
             ,
             quicquam
             novi
             ,
             moliretur
             ;
             ex
             hac
             lege
             (
             inquit
             )
             omne
             sive
             haereseos
             ,
             sive
             inimicitiarum
             ,
             sive
             seditionis
             malum
             tanquam
             ex
             fonte
             fluxit
             .
          
           Another
           thing
           he
           alledgeth
           (
           or
           rather
           insinuateth
           )
           
             viz.
             in
             the
             1st
             Book
             of
             Policy
             ,
             a
             Superintendency
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             another
             Model
             of
             Episcopacy
             )
             was
             set
             up
             .
             Ans.
          
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           the
           Protestant
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           in
           its
           infancy
           (
           it
           was
           neither
           by
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           that
           it
           was
           brought
           in
           ,
           nor
           that
           it
           was
           after
           cast
           out
           )
           did
           set
           up
           Superintendents
           ,
           but
           this
           was
           truly
           (
           and
           was
           so
           declared
           to
           be
           )
           from
           the
           force
           of
           necessity
           ,
           and
           designed
           only
           for
           that
           present
           exigency
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           Neither
           was
           it
           ever
           intended
           to
           be
           the
           lasting
           way
           of
           managing
           the
           Affairs
           of
           that
           Church
           .
           At
           that
           time
           it
           was
           hard
           ,
           in
           a
           Province
           ,
           to
           find
           two
           or
           three
           men
           qualified
           for
           any
           more
           work
           toward
           the
           edifying
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           than
           reading
           the
           Scripture
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           therefore
           they
           found
           it
           needful
           to
           appoint
           one
           qualified
           man
           in
           a
           Province
           ,
           (
           and
           at
           first
           fewer
           ,
           only
           five
           in
           all
           Scotland
           )
           who
           had
           Commission
           from
           the
           Church
           to
           go
           up
           and
           down
           and
           preach
           ,
           to
           visit
           Churches
           ,
           to
           plant
           and
           erect
           Churches
           :
           they
           acted
           only
           as
           Delegates
           from
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           were
           accountable
           to
           every
           General
           Assembly
           ;
           where
           they
           were
           frequently
           censured
           :
           and
           ordinarily
           the
           first
           work
           in
           the
           Assemblies
           was
           to
           try
           their
           Administrations
           :
           as
           the
           number
           of
           Ministers
           grew
           ,
           their
           power
           was
           lessened
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           wholly
           taken
           away
           :
           their
           Commission
           was
           renewed
           often
           :
           other
           Commissioners
           also
           beside
           them
           were
           sometimes
           appointed
           with
           the
           same
           power
           .
           They
           were
           never
           designed
           to
           be
           instead
           of
           Bishops
           ;
           for
           they
           did
           not
           keep
           to
           the
           old
           division
           of
           the
           popish
           Diocesses
           .
           They
           might
           not
           stay
           above
           20
           days
           ,
           in
           one
           place
           ,
           in
           their
           Visitations
           :
           they
           must
           preach
           thrice
           a
           Week
           at
           least
           .
           In
           their
           particular
           Charge
           they
           must
           not
           remain
           above
           three
           or
           four
           Months
           ,
           but
           go
           abroad
           to
           Visitation
           again
           ;
           they
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           Censure
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           in
           her
           provincial
           and
           general
           Assemblies
           .
           All
           this
           considered
           ,
           let
           any
           one
           judge
           with
           what
           candor
           our
           Author
           calleth
           a
           Superintendency
           ,
           
             a
             New
             Model
             of
             Episcopacy
          
           .
           It
           is
           evident
           from
           our
           Church
           Histories
           ,
           that
           the
           Protetestant
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           was
           so
           far
           from
           that
           sentiment
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           a
           strict
           eye
           over
           Superintendents
           ,
           lest
           their
           power
           should
           have
           degenerated
           into
           a
           lordly
           Prelacy
           :
           and
           that
           they
           laid
           aside
           the
           use
           of
           Commissions
           to
           Churchmen
           ,
           and
           giving
           them
           such
           power
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           Church
           could
           be
           provided
           with
           such
           number
           of
           Ministers
           as
           was
           needful
           .
        
         
           
           
             QUESTION
             II.
             
          
           
             HAving
             brought
             his
             first
             Question
             to
             so
             wise
             a
             conclusion
             ,
             he
             advanceth
             to
             a
             second
             ,
             which
             is
             ,
          
           
             
               Whither
               ever
               Presbytery
               was
               setled
               in
               the
               Church
               of
            
             Scotland
             ,
             
               without
               constraint
               from
               tumultuous
               times
            
             ?
          
           
             What
             advantage
             to
             the
             Cause
             of
             Prelacy
             ,
             or
             detriment
             to
             Presbytery
             is
             designed
             by
             this
             Question
             and
             the
             Answer
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             not
             easie
             to
             divine
             .
             Is
             every
             thing
             bad
             that
             hath
             been
             done
             in
             tumultuous
             times
             ?
             Doth
             not
             the
             Lord
             say
             
               Daniel
               9.
               25.
               
               That
               he
               will
               build
               his
               House
               in
               troublous
               times
               ?
            
             Will
             this
             man
             therefore
             condemn
             the
             Reformation
             from
             Popery
             in
             Scotland
             for
             this
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             setled
             against
             the
             will
             of
             the
             Queen
             ,
             and
             the
             popish
             Grandees
             ,
             and
             some
             pretended
             ,
             but
             unfaithful
             ,
             Protestants
             ,
             in
             a
             very
             
               tumultuous
               time
            
             ?
             It
             may
             be
             he
             will
             ;
             and
             his
             Citation
             pag.
             4.
             out
             of
             
               Basil.
               Dor.
               Lib.
            
             2.
             seemeth
             to
             import
             no
             less
             :
             But
             if
             he
             thence
             conclude
             ,
             That
             Popery
             is
             the
             Truth
             and
             Protestantism
             an
             Error
             ,
             we
             shall
             then
             know
             where
             to
             find
             him
             :
             And
             if
             he
             do
             not
             ,
             all
             that
             he
             here
             saith
             is
             
               extra
               oleas
               vagari
            
             .
             But
             it
             may
             be
             the
             strength
             of
             his
             ratiocination
             lieth
             in
             this
             ,
             That
             Presbytery
             was
             setled
             by
             constraint
             ;
             And
             these
             by
             whose
             authority
             it
             was
             done
             ,
             were
             by
             the
             tumults
             of
             the
             people
             forced
             to
             it
             .
             Let
             us
             a
             little
             examine
             this
             .
             First
             ,
             Is
             every
             thing
             bad
             that
             men
             are
             forced
             to
             ?
             Ill
             men
             do
             few
             good
             things
             willingly
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             own
             proper
             motion
             :
             By
             his
             way
             of
             reasoning
             ,
             the
             will
             and
             inclination
             of
             great
             men
             must
             be
             the
             standard
             of
             good
             and
             evil
             .
             2ly
             ,
             Presbytery
             had
             a
             twofold
             Settlement
             in
             Scotland
             :
             One
             by
             Church-authority
             :
             After
             searching
             the
             Scripture
             ,
             the
             General
             Assemblies
             of
             this
             Church
             did
             find
             Prelacy
             unwarranted
             there
             ;
             And
             that
             it
             was
             contrary
             to
             that
             Form
             of
             Government
             that
             the
             Apostles
             setled
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             ordinary
             Office
             bearers
             of
             the
             House
             of
             God
             :
             And
             this
             they
             declared
             authoritatively
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             Jesus
             Christ
             :
             I
             hope
             he
             will
             not
             say
             ,
             that
             this
             was
             done
             by
             constraint
             .
             Another
             Settlement
             it
             had
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             King
             and
             Parliament
             ,
             giving
             their
             civil
             Sanction
             to
             it
             :
             Neither
             can
             he
             alledge
             ,
             That
             the
             Parliament
             was
             any
             way
             constrained
             to
             this
             ;
             Or
             that
             any
             force
             was
             put
             on
             them
             :
             Nothing
             appeareth
             but
             that
             the
             Parliament
             1592.
             [
             which
             made
             this
             Settlement
             ]
             was
             as
             free
             in
             the
             Election
             of
             its
             Members
             ,
             in
             their
             Consultations
             and
             Votings
             ,
             as
             any
             that
             have
             been
             since
             :
             And
             some
             will
             say
             ,
             more-free
             than
             these
             Parliaments
             which
             since
             have
             undone
             what
             they
             did
             .
             It
             resteth
             then
             ,
             That
             he
             must
             mean
             ,
             That
             the
             King
             was
             some
             way
             violented
             in
             that
             he
             assented
             to
             this
             Act
             contrary
             to
             
             his
             own
             sentiments
             and
             inclinations
             .
             But
             this
             resteth
             to
             be
             proved
             :
             beside
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             a
             greater
             reflection
             upon
             the
             Conscientiousness
             and
             Uprightness
             of
             that
             Great
             and
             Wise
             Prince
             ,
             than
             is
             decent
             for
             a
             dutiful
             Subject
             to
             be
             guilty
             of
             .
          
           
             §
             2.
             
             Let
             us
             now
             hear
             how
             he
             will
             prove
             ,
             first
             ,
             That
             King
             
               James
               ,
               Anno
            
             1592
             ;
             Then
             ,
             that
             King
             
               Charles
               ,
               Anno
            
             1639
             ,
             Assented
             to
             Presbyterial
             Government
             unwillingly
             and
             by
             constraint
             .
             His
             proofs
             are
             ,
             first
             ,
             King
             James
             in
             
               Basil.
               Dor.
               L.
               2.
               p.
            
             28.
             speaketh
             with
             great
             bitterness
             against
             the
             Presbyterians
             ,
             and
             their
             Way
             .
             Ans.
             This
             doth
             indeed
             prove
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             changed
             his
             thoughts
             of
             that
             Way
             :
             Not
             that
             he
             was
             never
             of
             another
             mind
             .
             It
             were
             not
             hard
             to
             cite
             words
             of
             his
             ,
             as
             much
             to
             the
             commendation
             of
             Presbytery
             ,
             as
             these
             in
             
               Basil.
               Dor.
            
             are
             against
             it
             .
             But
             that
             Way
             ,
             and
             its
             opposite
             ,
             standeth
             or
             falleth
             ,
             by
             the
             sentence
             of
             a
             higher
             Authority
             than
             that
             of
             men
             .
             2ly
             ,
             He
             thinketh
             it
             against
             Reason
             and
             Charity
             ,
             to
             think
             ,
             That
             this
             being
             his
             thought
             of
             Presbytery
             ,
             he
             would
             settle
             it
             in
             the
             Church
             without
             some
             kind
             of
             compulsion
             .
             Ans.
             It
             is
             little
             more
             charity
             to
             think
             ,
             That
             a
             man
             of
             any
             degree
             of
             Conscience
             or
             Religion
             ,
             would
             have
             so
             eminent
             a
             hand
             in
             plaguing
             the
             Church
             with
             that
             which
             he
             looked
             on
             as
             so
             pernicious
             ,
             as
             the
             words
             cited
             by
             our
             Author
             do
             express
             :
             Yea
             ,
             the
             fear
             of
             God
             would
             restain
             one
             from
             such
             an
             act
             ,
             even
             under
             the
             highest
             kind
             of
             compulsion
             .
             3ly
             ,
             He
             next
             objecteth
             the
             Preamble
             to
             the
             Act
             for
             
               Restoring
               of
               Episcopacy
            
             ,
             Anno
             1606.
             
             Ans.
             Who
             can
             doubt
             ,
             that
             when
             men
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             set
             up
             that
             Government
             ,
             they
             would
             say
             all
             the
             good
             of
             it
             that
             they
             could
             devise
             ,
             and
             speak
             to
             the
             disadvantage
             of
             the
             contrary
             what
             could
             be
             thought
             upon
             ;
             but
             this
             signifieth
             no
             more
             ,
             than
             that
             they
             were
             changed
             from
             what
             once
             they
             were
             ;
             and
             they
             who
             do
             so
             say
             and
             unsay
             ,
             are
             unfit
             to
             give
             decisive
             Testimony
             about
             any
             point
             of
             Truth
             .
             4ly
             ,
             He
             ascribeth
             K.
             
             James's
             assent
             to
             Presbytery
             to
             his
             
               Youth
               .
               Ans.
            
             He
             was
             no
             Child
             in
             1592
             ,
             having
             been
             married
             to
             Queen
             Ann
             three
             years
             before
             ,
             viz.
             in
             1589.
             
             He
             was
             at
             least
             30
             years
             of
             age
             .
             5ly
             ,
             He
             pleadeth
             from
             the
             unsetled
             condition
             of
             his
             Affairs
             :
             but
             doth
             not
             shew
             wherein
             they
             were
             unsetled
             .
             It
             's
             true
             ,
             the
             King
             then
             had
             some
             trouble
             with
             the
             
               Earl
               of
               Bothwell
            
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             well
             known
             that
             Bothwell
             was
             no
             Presbyterian
             ;
             and
             setling
             of
             Presbytery
             could
             not
             tend
             to
             quiet
             him
             :
             But
             I
             am
             weary
             of
             such
             silly
             Arguments
             which
             deserve
             no
             answer
             .
             What
             he
             maketh
             the
             King
             alledge
             ,
             That
             the
             
               Presbyterians
               were
               always
               ready
               to
               joyn
               with
               any
               Faction
               in
               the
               State
               :
            
             is
             as
             groundless
             as
             any
             thing
             can
             be
             spoken
             :
             They
             never
             owned
             any
             but
             such
             as
             owned
             the
             interest
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             his
             Truth
             .
             Their
             appearing
             against
             his
             
               Grand
               mother
            
             and
             Mother
             ,
             was
             only
             in
             defence
             
             of
             Christ's
             Truth
             ,
             which
             these
             two
             Queens
             did
             labour
             to
             extirpate
             .
             And
             what
             is
             said
             of
             
               inordinate
               and
               popular
               Tumults
            
             ,
             reflecteth
             upon
             Procestantism
             ,
             rather
             than
             on
             Presbytery
             .
             It
             's
             a
             strange
             Insinuation
             that
             he
             hath
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             paragraph
             ,
             pag.
             4.
             
             That
             
               that
               young
               King
               was
               forced
               to
               settle
               Presbytery
               in
               the
               Church
               ,
               that
               thereby
               he
               might
               bring
               off
               Presbyterians
               from
               joyning
               with
               the
               Acts
               of
               their
               Kirk
               to
               unsettle
               his
               Throne
               .
            
             Here
             is
             Malice
             twisted
             with
             incoherent
             Imaginations
             :
             For
             nothing
             but
             Malice
             can
             make
             any
             think
             that
             Presbytery
             is
             an
             Enemy
             to
             Monarchy
             :
             but
             what
             dirt
             he
             casteth
             on
             us
             ,
             of
             this
             kind
             ,
             afterward
             shall
             ,
             in
             its
             place
             ,
             be
             wiped
             off
             .
             It
             's
             also
             a
             strange
             fancy
             ,
             that
             if
             K.
             James
             lookt
             on
             Presbytery
             as
             capable
             by
             the
             Acts
             of
             their
             Kirk
             to
             unsettle
             his
             Throne
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             put
             it
             in
             that
             capacity
             ,
             by
             setling
             it
             by
             Law
             ,
             with
             a
             design
             to
             secure
             the
             Throne
             :
             It
             is
             as
             if
             a
             man
             should
             let
             in
             the
             Thief
             at
             the
             door
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             sleep
             the
             more
             securely
             in
             his
             house
             .
          
           
             §
             3.
             
             What
             King
             Charles
             says
             for
             Prelacy
             [
             to
             which
             all
             know
             that
             he
             ever
             was
             a
             constant
             friend
             ]
             is
             much
             more
             modest
             than
             what
             we
             heard
             before
             :
             And
             we
             deny
             not
             ,
             but
             what
             countenance
             he
             gave
             to
             Presbytery
             ,
             was
             in
             condescendency
             to
             his
             People
             :
             Yet
             from
             the
             transactions
             of
             these
             times
             ,
             we
             may
             confidently
             infer
             ,
             That
             the
             Nation
             ,
             both
             in
             its
             diffusive
             and
             its
             representative
             Body
             ,
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             was
             for
             Presbytery
             :
             And
             what
             our
             Author
             says
             of
             the
             Tumults
             of
             these
             times
             ,
             [
             which
             were
             sad
             ,
             and
             lamented
             by
             all
             good
             men
             ]
             layeth
             more
             load
             on
             Prelacy
             :
             The
             Tyranny
             and
             Innovations
             of
             the
             Church-Rulers
             of
             which
             way
             did
             force
             the
             people
             either
             to
             see
             first
             the
             purity
             of
             Gospel
             Ordinances
             taken
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             their
             Religion
             destroyed
             by
             a
             popish
             Faction
             [
             as
             of
             later
             years
             appeared
             more
             convincingly
             ,
             when
             the
             designs
             of
             these
             men
             were
             more
             ripened
             ]
             or
             stand
             in
             their
             own
             defence
             .
             So
             that
             what
             our
             Author
             gaineth
             by
             this
             passage
             is
             ,
             that
             Episcopacy
             raised
             a
             Tumult
             ,
             which
             ended
             in
             its
             own
             ruine
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             III.
             
          
           
             THE
             Scope
             of
             his
             Third
             Question
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Resolution
             of
             it
             ,
             can
             be
             no
             other
             but
             to
             render
             Presbyterians
             odious
             ;
             not
             to
             disprove
             their
             Cause
             ,
             nor
             to
             refute
             their
             Principles
             :
             It
             is
             ,
          
           
             
               Whither
               the
               Principles
               of
            
             Scottish
             
               Presbytery
               grant
               any
               Toleration
               to
               Dissenters
               ?
            
          
           
             
               Quis
               tulerit
               Gracchos
               de
               seditione
               loquentes
               ?
            
             His
             party
             are
             ,
             above
             all
             men
             ,
             except
             Papists
             ,
             
               in
               mala
               fide
            
             to
             blame
             others
             in
             this
             matter
             :
             Among
             
             what
             party
             of
             men
             hath
             uniformity
             ,
             and
             conformity
             to
             all
             the
             Canons
             of
             their
             Church
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             things
             confessed
             by
             them
             to
             be
             indifferent
             [
             that
             is
             needless
             ]
             been
             pressed
             with
             more
             severity
             ,
             imposed
             by
             more
             unmerciful
             Laws
             ,
             and
             urged
             by
             more
             inhumane
             and
             cruel
             execution
             of
             them
             ?
             That
             there
             hath
             been
             excesses
             among
             Presbyterians
             in
             this
             ,
             we
             deny
             not
             ;
             but
             lament
             it
             :
             
               humanum
               est
               Labi
            
             :
             Moderation
             is
             not
             an
             easie
             Lesson
             ,
             nor
             so
             often
             practised
             ,
             as
             it
             should
             be
             when
             men
             forget
             that
             the
             Lord
             is
             at
             hand
             :
             as
             the
             best
             are
             apt
             to
             do
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             at
             ease
             .
             But
             all
             unbyassed
             men
             ,
             who
             know
             ,
             and
             have
             observed
             the
             way
             of
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             other
             party
             ,
             while
             they
             alternatively
             had
             the
             ascendant
             ,
             will
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             little
             finger
             of
             the
             meanest
             Prelate
             ,
             and
             his
             Underlings
             ,
             was
             heavier
             than
             the
             loyns
             of
             the
             greatest
             Assembly
             of
             the
             Presbyterian
             Church
             ;
             As
             an
             impartial
             and
             true
             Account
             of
             the
             Sufferings
             in
             both
             Cases
             will
             evince
             :
             Which
             on
             our
             part
             ,
             I
             hope
             may
             be
             given
             in
             due
             time
             ;
             But
             on
             theirs
             ,
             an
             Account
             is
             given
             as
             remote
             from
             truth
             and
             candor
             ,
             as
             any
             thing
             that
             ever
             came
             from
             the
             Press
             :
             which
             it
             is
             like
             e're
             long
             may
             be
             made
             evident
             .
             But
             we
             desire
             not
             to
             recriminate
             ,
             though
             necessity
             is
             laid
             on
             us
             by
             their
             false
             History
             of
             things
             :
             far
             less
             intend
             we
             to
             retalliate
             ,
             though
             it
             should
             be
             in
             the
             power
             of
             our
             hand
             :
             But
             we
             leave
             our
             Cause
             to
             him
             that
             judgeth
             righteously
             .
          
           
             §
             2.
             
             It
             is
             well
             that
             our
             Adversary
             is
             so
             favourable
             to
             that
             Institution
             of
             Christ
             ,
             The
             Government
             of
             his
             House
             by
             Presbyters
             without
             a
             Bishop
             ;
             That
             we
             own
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             doth
             not
             blame
             it
             generally
             ,
             or
             in
             its
             most
             extensive
             notion
             ;
             Not
             Presbytery
             as
             such
             ,
             but
             as
             Scottish
             .
             Let
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             Christ
             escape
             his
             lash
             ,
             and
             we
             are
             the
             less
             solicitous
             what
             he
             says
             against
             the
             Scots
             in
             their
             management
             of
             the
             Government
             of
             Christ's
             House
             :
             He
             knows
             that
             Scotland
             is
             but
             one
             ,
             and
             a
             small
             part
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Church
             ,
             in
             which
             that
             Government
             hath
             been
             ,
             and
             is
             practised
             .
             If
             there
             be
             any
             blame
             then
             in
             the
             practices
             of
             former
             times
             ,
             when
             Presbytery
             was
             ascendent
             ,
             let
             it
             be
             imputed
             rather
             to
             the
             
               praeservidum
               Scotorum
               ingenium
            
             ,
             (
             in
             which
             they
             of
             the
             other
             party
             have
             far
             outgone
             ours
             )
             than
             to
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             Christ
             ,
             I
             mean
             that
             Government
             of
             his
             House
             that
             we
             own
             .
             But
             even
             Scottish
             Presbytery
             ,
             or
             that
             Government
             as
             exercised
             in
             that
             National
             Church
             ,
             will
             be
             able
             to
             stand
             before
             his
             Arguments
             :
             Though
             it
             be
             hard
             for
             any
             thing
             ,
             though
             never
             so
             good
             ,
             to
             bear
             up
             against
             Lies
             and
             Reproaches
             .
          
           
             §
             3.
             
             He
             should
             have
             considered
             ,
             That
             there
             may
             be
             other
             Dissenters
             living
             among
             Presbyterians
             than
             Episcopal
             men
             ;
             whereas
             all
             that
             he
             saith
             on
             this
             Head
             doth
             only
             relate
             to
             them
             :
             There
             may
             be
             
             a
             peculiar
             reason
             for
             their
             not
             bearing
             with
             them
             who
             own
             Prelacy
             :
             viz.
             Because
             their
             Church-Government
             doth
             necessarily
             overtop
             ,
             bring
             into
             subjection
             ,
             and
             root
             out
             that
             Government
             of
             the
             Church
             which
             we
             own
             as
             Christ's
             Institution
             :
             It
             is
             against
             their
             principle
             ,
             to
             suffer
             Ministers
             and
             Elders
             to
             live
             beside
             them
             ,
             who
             will
             adventure
             to
             govern
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Church
             without
             subordination
             to
             the
             Bishops
             :
             And
             whatever
             Indulgence
             hath
             been
             ,
             in
             by
             past
             years
             ,
             given
             to
             Presbyterians
             ,
             as
             we
             know
             it
             was
             designed
             for
             no
             advantage
             to
             us
             ,
             [
             without
             judging
             the
             secrets
             of
             any
             bodies
             heart
             ;
             ]
             so
             we
             know
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             it
             was
             not
             the
             act
             of
             our
             Church-men
             ;
             but
             nothing
             was
             more
             grievous
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             nothing
             they
             did
             more
             actively
             oppose
             .
             Notwithstanding
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             principle
             and
             purpose
             of
             Presbyterians
             ,
             not
             to
             exclude
             any
             of
             them
             from
             their
             religious
             Assemblies
             ,
             nor
             from
             any
             of
             the
             Ordinances
             of
             God
             in
             them
             ,
             for
             their
             principle
             about
             Church-Government
             ,
             wherein
             they
             differ
             from
             us
             .
             And
             for
             Ministers
             among
             them
             ,
             we
             are
             ready
             to
             give
             the
             right
             hand
             of
             fellowship
             ,
             and
             to
             admit
             to
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             exercise
             of
             their
             Function
             among
             us
             ,
             such
             of
             them
             as
             shall
             not
             be
             made
             appear
             to
             be
             insufficient
             ,
             scandalous
             ,
             or
             erroneous
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             void
             of
             that
             holiness
             of
             life
             that
             becometh
             a
             Minister
             ,
             and
             who
             shall
             be
             found
             willing
             to
             secure
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Church
             that
             we
             own
             ,
             and
             to
             prosecute
             the
             ends
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             not
             to
             exclude
             any
             simply
             for
             his
             opinion
             about
             Church-Government
             ;
             though
             the
             mean
             while
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             willing
             ,
             that
             all
             who
             will
             profess
             to
             own
             our
             Church-way
             ,
             should
             have
             a
             share
             in
             managing
             it
             with
             us
             ;
             because
             many
             such
             might
             be
             a
             scandal
             to
             it
             ,
             others
             might
             betray
             it
             ;
             neither
             can
             we
             allow
             ,
             that
             any
             of
             them
             should
             exercise
             a
             prelacy
             over
             us
             ,
             or
             over
             the
             people
             of
             our
             charge
             .
             Further
             ,
             Never
             any
             Church
             ,
             or
             State
             ,
             gave
             Toleration
             to
             Dissenters
             from
             the
             established
             Church-way
             ,
             but
             as
             it
             might
             rationally
             be
             thought
             a
             necessary
             relief
             to
             tender
             consciences
             :
             But
             this
             reason
             for
             suffering
             Episcopal
             men
             to
             practise
             their
             way
             among
             us
             ,
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             cannot
             ,
             without
             the
             greatest
             impudence
             and
             hypocrisie
             be
             pretended
             .
             For
             refusing
             to
             receive
             the
             Ordinances
             from
             Presbyterians
             ,
             because
             they
             want
             Episcopal
             Ordination
             :
             this
             cannot
             be
             from
             conscience
             ,
             seeing
             it
             was
             their
             constant
             practice
             ,
             when
             Prelats
             ruled
             this
             Church
             :
             they
             never
             required
             any
             of
             them
             to
             be
             re-ordained
             who
             had
             been
             ordained
             by
             Presbyters
             ,
             and
             after
             complied
             with
             Episcopacy
             .
             Neither
             can
             they
             pretend
             conscience
             for
             having
             a
             Worship
             different
             from
             ours
             (
             I
             mean
             the
             English
             Liturgy
             )
             for
             when
             it
             was
             in
             their
             power
             to
             use
             it
             ,
             they
             never
             did
             .
             Wherefore
             there
             can
             be
             no
             pretence
             on
             which
             they
             can
             plead
             for
             tolleration
             in
             these
             things
             ;
             but
             humor
             ,
             and
             design
             :
             and
             I
             hope
             it
             will
             not
             (
             by
             impartial
             beholders
             )
             be
             
             judged
             rigidity
             ,
             if
             the
             State
             deny
             a
             liberty
             to
             such
             persons
             to
             make
             such
             Innovations
             as
             never
             yet
             could
             get
             place
             in
             this
             Church
             ,
             especially
             when
             it
             is
             too
             apparent
             that
             they
             who
             are
             most
             forward
             for
             such
             a
             liberty
             ,
             give
             ground
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             a
             design
             against
             the
             present
             civil
             Government
             is
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             they
             being
             such
             as
             have
             no
             liking
             to
             the
             present
             Establishment
             .
          
           
             §
             4.
             
             But
             this
             Author
             hath
             a
             mind
             to
             represent
             us
             in
             other
             colours
             :
             And
             for
             a
             Foundation
             of
             this
             his
             Essay
             ,
             he
             saith
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Solemn
               League
               and
               Covenant
               is
               the
               Canon
               ,
               and
               the
               Acts
               of
               the
               General
               Assemblies
               ,
               the
               Comment
               of
               the
               Principles
               of
               Scottish
               Presbyteries
               .
            
             This
             is
             false
             ;
             the
             Rule
             that
             we
             Judge
             by
             in
             the
             Matter
             of
             Church
             Government
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             in
             other
             things
             ,
             is
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             we
             use
             no
             other
             Comments
             for
             our
             help
             to
             understand
             that
             Rule
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             are
             founded
             on
             the
             Word
             it self
             ,
             and
             which
             we
             give
             sufficient
             Warrant
             for
             .
             I
             hope
             the
             Reader
             will
             look
             on
             this
             loose
             talk
             ,
             as
             Railing
             ,
             not
             Arguing
             .
             He
             may
             know
             ,
             that
             Presbytery
             was
             long
             in
             Scotland
             before
             that
             Covenant
             had
             a
             being
             .
             And
             for
             Acts
             of
             General
             Assemblies
             ,
             they
             are
             no
             further
             our
             Rule
             ,
             than
             they
             are
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Supreme
             Rule
             ,
             The
             Word
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             to
             the
             Principles
             of
             Right
             Reason
             :
             Neither
             do
             we
             look
             on
             them
             as
             Infallible
             ,
             [
             as
             he
             foolishly
             feigneth
             ,
             pag.
             6.
             ]
             What
             he
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             can
             make
             appear
             in
             them
             to
             be
             unwarranted
             ,
             we
             are
             ready
             to
             disown
             :
             And
             we
             know
             they
             may
             be
             changed
             by
             the
             same
             power
             that
             made
             them
             ;
             when
             any
             thing
             in
             them
             shall
             be
             found
             to
             be
             amiss
             ,
             or
             inconvenient
             for
             the
             present
             state
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             §
             5.
             
             He
             quarrelleth
             with
             three
             Articles
             of
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             viz.
             The
             1st
             about
             preserving
             the
             Government
             and
             Discipline
             of
             the
             Church
             .
             The
             2d
             ,
             that
             is
             against
             Episcopacy
             and
             its
             Dependents
             .
             The
             3d
             ,
             for
             defending
             one
             another
             in
             their
             adherence
             to
             this
             Bond.
             Let
             any
             judge
             what
             is
             here
             consistent
             with
             a
             moderate
             and
             duly
             limited
             Toleration
             of
             Dissenters
             :
             Is
             there
             no
             Toleration
             of
             men
             who
             hold
             Prelacy
             to
             be
             lawful
             without
             allowing
             of
             Prelacy
             it self
             ,
             and
             submitting
             to
             its
             domination
             .
             Next
             he
             will
             prove
             his
             point
             from
             some
             Acts
             of
             General
             Assemblies
             ;
             but
             this
             he
             prefaceth
             first
             with
             the
             
               peaceableness
               of
               the
               Prelatick
               Clergy
               in
               and
               after
            
             1639.
             when
             their
             Church-Goverment
             was
             destroyed
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             neither
             raised
             Tumults
             ,
             nor
             wrote
             Books
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             they
             raised
             no
             Tumults
             ;
             but
             they
             did
             what
             they
             could
             to
             raise
             War
             for
             continuing
             on
             the
             necks
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             that
             Yoak
             that
             they
             had
             wreathed
             on
             them
             :
             And
             did
             effectually
             draw
             on
             a
             bloody
             War
             ,
             which
             had
             very
             sad
             effects
             ,
             and
             issued
             in
             the
             ruine
             of
             them
             and
             Presbyterians
             too
             for
             a
             time
             ,
             and
             shewed
             well
             enough
             to
             raise
             Church-Tumults
             ,
             by
             their
             protesting
             and
             disobedience
             to
             the
             Sentence
             of
             the
             Church
             :
             
             for
             their
             not
             writing
             Books
             ,
             who
             hindred
             them
             ?
             Unbyassed
             men
             will
             impute
             it
             to
             somewhat
             else
             ,
             rather
             than
             to
             their
             peaceableness
             .
             Another
             part
             of
             his
             Preface
             ,
             That
             
               they
               were
               not
               suffered
               to
               continue
               in
               their
               Cures
               :
            
             This
             is
             indeed
             true
             of
             the
             Bishops
             as
             such
             :
             They
             were
             not
             permitted
             to
             exercise
             a
             Prelacy
             over
             their
             Brethren
             ;
             for
             that
             was
             inconsistent
             with
             the
             Government
             then
             established
             :
             Yet
             as
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             none
             of
             them
             were
             deprived
             who
             were
             willing
             to
             preach
             under
             Presbytery
             .
             And
             for
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             none
             of
             them
             were
             cast
             out
             for
             complyance
             with
             Prelacy
             ,
             but
             they
             generally
             retained
             their
             places
             ;
             wherefore
             this
             is
             a
             most
             untrue
             Allegation
             .
             A
             Third
             thing
             he
             saith
             is
             ,
             That
             
               the
               Presbyterians
               at
               the
               Revolution
               1662.
               were
               not
               so
               dealt
               with
               ,
            
             that
             is
             ,
             were
             continued
             in
             their
             places
             :
             Impudence
             it self
             could
             affirm
             nothing
             more
             false
             .
             Were
             not
             above
             the
             third
             part
             of
             all
             the
             Ministers
             of
             Scotland
             [
             and
             so
             in
             England
             ]
             thrown
             out
             by
             one
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ?
             (
             For
             two
             thirds
             complyed
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             means
             kept
             their
             places
             )
             and
             the
             few
             (
             in
             Scotland
             )
             that
             could
             not
             be
             reached
             by
             that
             Act
             ,
             were
             laid
             aside
             by
             the
             Bishops
             and
             the
             Council
             ,
             by
             more
             slow
             steps
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             6.
             
             The
             Acts
             of
             Assemblies
             that
             he
             citeth
             are
             ,
             Act
             Aug.
             17.
             1639.
             
             Appointing
             
               all
               in
               Office
               in
               Church
               ,
               and
               Schools
               ,
               and
               all
               Members
               of
               this
               Kirk
               to
               subscribe
               the
               National
               Covenant
               .
            
             And
             an
             
               Act
               1642.
               for
               intimating
               the
               abovesaid
               Act
               ,
               and
               proceeding
               to
               Church-censure
               against
               them
               that
               refuse
               such
               Subscription
               .
            
             And
             an
             
               Act
               1644.
               appointing
               strict
               enquiry
               and
               censure
               against
               disaffected
               persons
               to
               the
               Covenant
               :
            
             And
             some
             other
             Severities
             he
             mentioneth
             (
             truly
             or
             falsely
             I
             know
             not
             ,
             for
             he
             doth
             not
             direct
             where
             such
             Acts
             may
             be
             found
             )
             which
             may
             be
             acknowledged
             as
             no
             Pattern
             for
             after-ages
             to
             go
             by
             .
             It
             is
             like
             if
             that
             Oath
             of
             God
             had
             been
             less
             universally
             ,
             and
             less
             severely
             imposed
             ,
             it
             had
             been
             better
             kept
             by
             many
             .
             What
             he
             alledgeth
             ,
             That
             
               the
               Assemblies
            
             ,
             Aug.
             1642.
             
               do
               order
               the
               persons
               of
               them
               who
               are
               Excommunicated
               ,
               to
               be
               imprisoned
               ,
               and
               their
               Goods
               to
               be
               confiscated
               ,
            
             is
             most
             false
             ;
             never
             any
             Assembly
             in
             this
             Church
             did
             make
             Laws
             for
             Civil
             punishments
             .
             All
             that
             I
             find
             to
             this
             purpose
             (
             for
             he
             is
             not
             pleased
             to
             be
             distinct
             in
             his
             Citations
             )
             is
             ,
             that
             August
             3.
             1642.
             the
             Assembly
             Petitioned
             the
             Council
             to
             put
             the
             Laws
             in
             execution
             against
             Excommunicated
             Papists
             .
             All
             this
             considered
             ,
             I
             hope
             the
             Impartial
             Reader
             will
             not
             be
             imposed
             on
             ,
             by
             what
             this
             man
             hath
             said
             ,
             to
             think
             that
             the
             Principles
             of
             Presbyterians
             are
             inconsistent
             with
             what
             Toleration
             is
             due
             to
             Dissenters
             :
             Nor
             will
             blame
             them
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             not
             for
             a
             vast
             and
             boundless
             Toleration
             ,
             nor
             because
             
               they
               cannot
               bear
               them
               who
               are
               evil
               ,
               but
               do
               try
               them
               who
               say
               they
               are
               Apostles
               ,
               and
               are
               not
               ,
               and
               find
               them
               lyars
               ,
            
             Rev.
             22.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             QUEST
             .
             IV.
             
          
           
             
               Whether
               from
               the
               Year
               1662
               ,
               to
               the
               Year
               1689
               ,
               Presbyterian
               Separatists
               were
               guilty
               of
               sinful
               Separation
               ?
            
          
           
             AWise
             Question
             indeed
             :
             He
             supposeth
             them
             Separatists
             (
             which
             by
             no
             Author
             was
             ever
             accounted
             
               vox
               media
            
             ,
             or
             taken
             in
             a
             good
             sense
             )
             and
             yet
             Querieth
             ,
             whether
             they
             sinned
             in
             separating
             .
             But
             to
             let
             this
             pass
             ;
             he
             telleth
             us
             
               of
               Doctrine
               taught
               in
               our
               larger
               Catechism
               ,
               from
               which
               may
               be
               demonstrated
               ,
               how
               necessary
               it
               is
               to
               Salvation
               ,
               that
               every
               Person
               keep
               Communion
               with
               the
               particular
               Church
               established
               by
               the
               Laws
               of
               the
               State
               that
               he
               liveth
               in
               ,
               unless
               she
               either
               enjoyn
               in
               her
               Canons
               any
               sinful
               term
               of
               Communion
               ,
               or
               propose
               in
               her
               Confession
               any
               Heretical
               Article
               ,
               or
               prescribe
               in
               her
               Directory
               for
               Worship
               any
               Idolatrous
               Impurity
               .
            
             To
             this
             I
             repone
             a
             few
             things
             .
             First
             ,
             according
             to
             his
             loose
             and
             indistinct
             way
             of
             Writing
             ,
             he
             neither
             telleth
             us
             what
             these
             Doctrines
             are
             ,
             nor
             in
             what
             place
             of
             the
             Catechism
             they
             are
             to
             be
             found
             ;
             we
             must
             take
             his
             Word
             for
             all
             this
             ,
             and
             we
             utterly
             deny
             what
             he
             saith
             to
             be
             true
             .
             All
             that
             that
             Catechism
             saith
             ,
             that
             could
             be
             imagined
             to
             have
             that
             tendency
             ,
             is
             ,
             That
             
               the
               visible
               Church
               hath
               the
               Priviledge
               of
               being
               under
               God's
               special
               Care
               and
               Government
               ,
               of
               being
               protected
               and
               preserved
               in
               all
               Ages
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               Opposition
               of
               Enemies
               ,
               and
               of
               enjoying
               the
               Communion
               of
               Saints
               ,
               the
               ordinary
               means
               of
               Salvation
               ,
               the
               offers
               of
               Grace
               by
               Christ
               to
               all
               the
               Members
               of
               it
               in
               the
               Ministry
               of
               the
               Gospel
               ,
               testifying
               ,
               that
               whosoever
               believeth
               in
               him
               shall
               be
               saved
               ,
               and
               excluding
               none
               that
               will
               come
               unto
               him
               .
            
             Now
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             that
             all
             this
             is
             said
             of
             the
             Universal
             Church
             ,
             not
             of
             any
             Particular
             Church
             ;
             far
             less
             can
             this
             passage
             be
             understood
             of
             a
             particular
             Church
             
               as
               established
               by
               the
               Laws
               of
               the
               State
               wherein
               it
               is
               :
            
             No
             Scripture
             ever
             made
             such
             Laws
             essential
             to
             the
             Notion
             of
             a
             true
             Church
             ,
             from
             which
             none
             may
             separate
             :
             Neither
             did
             ever
             any
             Divine
             talk
             at
             this
             rate
             ,
             except
             Episcopalians
             ,
             and
             among
             them
             I
             remember
             of
             none
             ,
             that
             so
             express
             themselves
             ,
             but
             this
             Man
             ,
             and
             Dr.
             Stillingfleet
             .
             He
             doth
             indeed
             express
             three
             Cases
             ,
             that
             excuse
             from
             sin
             in
             separating
             from
             a
             true
             Church
             ,
             but
             how
             these
             can
             be
             drawn
             from
             the
             Larger
             Catechism
             I
             understand
             not
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             2.
             
             How
             far
             we
             allow
             a
             Separation
             from
             the
             late
             Episcopal
             Church
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             maintain
             it
             not
             to
             be
             sinful
             in
             us
             ,
             but
             sinfully
             caused
             by
             them
             ,
             I
             shall
             declare
             :
             We
             affirm
             it
             to
             be
             no
             Schism
             ,
             but
             a
             necessary
             Duty
             ,
             that
             the
             Presbyterian
             Ministers
             did
             not
             own
             Episcopal
             Government
             ,
             nor
             either
             directly
             or
             indirectly
             countenance
             the
             Authority
             of
             Bishops
             above
             Presbyters
             :
             He
             telleth
             us
             of
             a
             Letter
             for
             Union
             ,
             
             March
             1689.
             wherein
             it
             is
             said
             (
             and
             not
             answered
             )
             that
             never
             any
             Confession
             of
             Faith
             in
             our
             Reformed
             Church
             avowed
             a
             Divine
             Right
             for
             a
             parity
             among
             all
             Church-Officers
             .
             This
             Letter
             I
             never
             heard
             of
             before
             ,
             but
             it
             seemeth
             the
             Author
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Writer
             of
             this
             Pamphlet
             ,
             have
             Talents
             equal
             for
             Controversal
             Scribling
             :
             For
             whoever
             said
             that
             there
             is
             a
             Divine
             Right
             for
             Parity
             among
             all
             Church
             Officers
             ?
             We
             know
             that
             by
             Divine
             Right
             Ruling
             Elders
             ,
             also
             Deacons
             ,
             are
             not
             equal
             in
             Church
             power
             with
             Preaching
             Presbyters
             .
             And
             for
             the
             parity
             of
             Ministers
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             not
             found
             in
             any
             Confession
             of
             Faith
             ,
             it
             's
             enough
             that
             it
             's
             found
             in
             the
             Scriptures
             .
             But
             we
             affirm
             that
             the
             Divine
             Right
             of
             it
             is
             also
             found
             in
             the
             Confession
             of
             Faith
             ,
             sworn
             to
             by
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Houshold
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Nation
             ,
             wherein
             they
             abjure
             the
             Hierarchy
             ,
             or
             distinction
             of
             Degrees
             among
             Ministers
             .
             He
             saith
             ,
             
               the
               Solemn
               League
               did
               not
               abjure
               the
               President
               Bishop
               .
               Answ.
            
             We
             know
             no
             such
             Bishop
             ,
             the
             President
             or
             Moderator
             hath
             no
             Jurisdiction
             over
             his
             Brethren
             .
             And
             he
             will
             not
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             Bishops
             restored
             1662.
             to
             whom
             we
             could
             not
             yield
             subjection
             ,
             was
             no
             more
             but
             a
             President
             Bishop
             ;
             if
             he
             do
             ,
             all
             the
             Nation
             will
             cry
             shame
             on
             him
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             Tongue
             will
             condemn
             him
             .
             Page
             1
             ,
             2.
             of
             his
             Book
             ,
             
               What
               some
               in
            
             England
             
               Petitioned
               for
            
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             concerned
             ;
             if
             he
             had
             told
             us
             what
             concessions
             the
             body
             or
             generality
             of
             Presbyterians
             in
             that
             Nation
             had
             made
             ,
             also
             let
             us
             know
             where
             we
             might
             find
             such
             Concessions
             ,
             an
             Answer
             might
             in
             that
             case
             have
             been
             expected
             from
             us
             .
             But
             what
             he
             presumeth
             about
             the
             
               Repentance
               of
               Scots
               Presbyterians
               for
               not
               submitting
               to
               Episcopacy
               as
               established
               in
               Scotland
               ,
            
             is
             without
             ground
             ,
             and
             absolutely
             false
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             3.
             
             What
             we
             further
             declare
             concerning
             the
             Separation
             that
             he
             speaketh
             of
             ,
             is
             ;
             that
             Presbyterians
             generally
             did
             not
             think
             it
             unlawful
             to
             hear
             these
             Ministers
             that
             had
             complyed
             with
             Episcopacy
             ;
             and
             often
             did
             occasionally
             hear
             them
             (
             whatever
             was
             the
             practice
             of
             some
             among
             us
             )
             yet
             the
             best
             of
             the
             Ministers
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             to
             so
             great
             a
             number
             ,
             and
             to
             whom
             the
             people
             were
             under
             a
             relation
             as
             their
             Pastors
             ,
             being
             thrust
             from
             their
             Charges
             for
             their
             faithfulness
             in
             that
             time
             of
             Tryal
             ,
             and
             others
             being
             obtruded
             on
             them
             ,
             many
             of
             whom
             were
             very
             unqualified
             for
             the
             Ministry
             ,
             and
             they
             entring
             without
             the
             peoples
             call
             or
             consent
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             own
             them
             for
             their
             Pastors
             ,
             nor
             thought
             themselves
             obliged
             to
             wait
             on
             their
             Ministry
             ;
             but
             thought
             it
             their
             Duty
             rather
             to
             hear
             their
             own
             faithful
             Pastors
             (
             or
             others
             who
             walked
             in
             their
             steps
             )
             who
             were
             not
             unministred
             by
             any
             Church-Act
             ,
             but
             only
             restrained
             by
             the
             force
             of
             a
             Civil
             Law
             ,
             which
             could
             neither
             derogate
             from
             their
             Ministerial
             Authority
             ,
             nor
             loose
             the
             relation
             that
             the
             people
             had
             to
             them
             .
             I
             deny
             not
             but
             some
             went
             beyond
             
             the
             limits
             of
             this
             Moderation
             ;
             but
             that
             is
             not
             to
             be
             imputed
             to
             all
             the
             Presbyterians
             ,
             being
             neither
             the
             conclusion
             of
             any
             Church-meeting
             among
             them
             ,
             nor
             the
             sentiment
             of
             all
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             4.
             
             This
             being
             considered
             ,
             taketh
             off
             the
             edge
             of
             all
             that
             he
             enlargeth
             on
             about
             the
             Episcopal
             party
             
               agreeing
               with
               us
               in
               the
               Confession
               of
               Faith
               ,
               Directory
               for
               Worship
               ,
               and
               Administration
               of
               Sacraments
               :
            
             For
             it
             is
             on
             none
             of
             these
             accounts
             that
             we
             withdraw
             from
             them
             ;
             but
             partly
             because
             they
             suffer
             none
             to
             be
             Ministers
             among
             them
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             comply
             with
             Episcopal
             Jurisdiction
             ;
             partly
             because
             they
             deprived
             us
             of
             the
             Ministers
             that
             we
             stand
             in
             relation
             to
             ,
             and
             ought
             to
             own
             ;
             partly
             because
             the
             Ministers
             obtruded
             on
             us
             are
             none
             of
             our
             choice
             (
             as
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             by
             the
             priviledge
             that
             Christ
             hath
             given
             to
             his
             Church
             :
             )
             And
             indeed
             (
             many
             of
             them
             )
             unfit
             to
             be
             chosen
             ;
             and
             partly
             because
             this
             change
             is
             made
             not
             by
             any
             Church-Authority
             that
             we
             can
             own
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             by
             an
             unlawful
             Church-power
             .
             It
             seemeth
             his
             Arguments
             are
             run
             low
             ,
             when
             he
             chargeth
             us
             with
             
               Nonconformity
               even
               to
               the
               Presbyterian
               Church
               ,
               in
               that
               we
               use
               not
               the
               Doxology
               ,
            
             nor
             the
             words
             
               of
               the
               Lord's
               Prayer
            
             ,
             nor
             
               the
               Belief
               at
               Baptism
            
             :
             For
             when
             or
             where
             were
             these
             injoyned
             by
             the
             Presbyterian
             Church
             ?
             And
             if
             they
             had
             been
             ,
             we
             cannot
             by
             such
             Injunctions
             be
             bound
             to
             what
             is
             after
             found
             to
             be
             inconvenient
             :
             That
             
               we
               are
               tyed
               to
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Doxology
               by
               the
               Covenant
               ,
            
             he
             doth
             most
             ridiculously
             affirm
             :
             For
             whoever
             esteemed
             that
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Reformation
             then
             engaged
             to
             ?
             Using
             the
             Lord's
             Prayer
             we
             never
             condemned
             ;
             but
             that
             Christ
             hath
             enjoyned
             the
             using
             of
             these
             express
             words
             ,
             or
             that
             that
             Prayer
             was
             given
             as
             a
             form
             of
             words
             rather
             than
             as
             a
             Directory
             for
             the
             matter
             of
             Prayer
             ,
             we
             deny
             :
             Neither
             do
             we
             condemn
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Creed
             ;
             but
             we
             think
             that
             they
             who
             have
             their
             Children
             baptized
             ,
             should
             profess
             their
             Faith
             so
             as
             may
             more
             clearly
             distinguish
             them
             from
             Popish
             and
             other
             Hereticks
             than
             that
             Confession
             of
             Faith
             can
             do
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             V.
             
          
           
             
               
                 In
                 this
                 Question
                 he
                 advanceth
                 a
                 Paradox
                 .
                 The
                 Question
                 is
                 ,
              
               Whether
               the
               Penal
               Laws
               against
               Scotch
               Presbyterians
               ,
               had
               any
               thing
               of
               Persecution
               in
               them
               ?
            
          
           
             THis
             Question
             he
             concludeth
             Negatively
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             brow
             that
             Maimburg
             ,
             and
             other
             French
             Popish
             Writers
             do
             affirm
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             Protestants
             who
             lately
             in
             France
             turned
             Papists
             ,
             did
             turn
             voluntarily
             ,
             without
             any
             compulsion
             ;
             and
             that
             no
             Rigour
             nor
             Persecution
             hath
             been
             used
             to
             move
             them
             to
             this
             change
             :
             This
             is
             a
             degree
             of
             effrontedness
             ,
             
             of
             bidding
             Defiance
             to
             Truth
             ,
             and
             the
             God
             of
             it
             ;
             of
             bold
             imposing
             on
             the
             Reason
             ,
             yea
             ,
             and
             the
             common
             Sense
             of
             Mankind
             ;
             that
             the
             World
             doth
             purely
             owe
             to
             this
             Age
             ,
             and
             to
             Jesuitical
             obfirmation
             of
             mind
             .
             But
             let
             us
             hear
             how
             he
             will
             prove
             this
             his
             strange
             assertion
             :
             As
             these
             Laws
             have
             beat
             out
             the
             Brains
             of
             many
             good
             Christians
             ,
             that
             could
             not
             comply
             with
             them
             ,
             so
             this
             Man
             thinketh
             by
             his
             Arguings
             to
             beat
             out
             of
             the
             brains
             of
             such
             as
             remain
             all
             Sense
             and
             Reason
             ,
             whereby
             they
             may
             judge
             of
             what
             they
             hear
             ,
             see
             ,
             and
             feel
             .
             In
             clearing
             the
             state
             of
             his
             Question
             ,
             he
             confesseth
             ,
             
               There
               may
               be
               too
               severe
               Laws
               ,
               under
               which
               men
               may
               suffer
               for
               Conscience-sake
            
             ;
             (
             this
             will
             increase
             the
             wonder
             of
             intelligent
             ,
             unbyassed
             men
             who
             know
             our
             Affairs
             ,
             that
             such
             Laws
             are
             possible
             ,
             and
             yet
             ours
             are
             innocent
             )
             but
             maketh
             the
             Question
             to
             be
             ,
             
               Whether
               our
               Laws
               were
               not
               necessary
               for
               preserving
               true
               Religion
               and
               publick
               Peace
               ,
               or
               whether
               they
               were
               the
               uncharitable
               effects
               of
               a
               peevish
               Resentment
               ,
               inconsistent
               with
               good
               Nature
               and
               Christianity
               .
            
             Tho'
             even
             that
             cloak
             of
             smooth
             words
             will
             not
             hide
             the
             nakedness
             of
             the
             Bloody
             Laws
             that
             he
             pleadeth
             for
             ;
             nor
             could
             warrant
             a
             man
             that
             believeth
             Heaven
             or
             Hell
             ,
             to
             plead
             for
             such
             cruel
             Execution
             of
             them
             as
             was
             among
             us
             :
             Yet
             this
             state
             of
             the
             Question
             is
             not
             the
             same
             with
             what
             in
             the
             Title
             is
             proposed
             :
             For
             there
             have
             been
             few
             Persecutions
             in
             the
             World
             for
             which
             Necessity
             hath
             not
             been
             pretended
             ,
             and
             that
             were
             given
             forth
             to
             be
             
               for
               preserving
               a
               false
               Religion
            
             ,
             or
             for
             hindring
             publick
             Peace
             ;
             or
             that
             the
             Actors
             in
             them
             would
             call
             
               peevish
               and
               inconsistent
               with
               good
               Nature
               and
               Christianity
               ,
               or
               Moral
               Goodness
               .
            
             And
             it
             is
             certain
             ,
             that
             where
             publick
             Peace
             may
             be
             preserved
             without
             such
             severe
             Laws
             ,
             the
             enacting
             of
             them
             is
             Persecution
             ;
             which
             was
             our
             case
             :
             for
             nothing
             caused
             the
             sad
             breaches
             of
             the
             Peace
             that
             were
             in
             this
             Nation
             in
             1666.
             and
             1679.
             but
             the
             unsupportable
             Hardships
             (
             tending
             to
             make
             
               wise
               men
               mad
            
             )
             that
             they
             who
             feared
             God
             lay
             under
             by
             the
             severity
             of
             these
             Laws
             ,
             and
             the
             Barbarity
             used
             in
             executing
             them
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             2.
             
             To
             vindicate
             the
             Laws
             from
             all
             blame
             of
             Persecution
             ,
             he
             giveth
             a
             lame
             ,
             unjust
             ,
             and
             disingenuous
             account
             of
             them
             .
             Wo
             to
             Posterity
             if
             they
             be
             abused
             with
             such
             false
             History
             ;
             it
             is
             little
             Honesty
             to
             transmit
             such
             things
             to
             after-ages
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             the
             height
             of
             Impudence
             to
             publish
             them
             among
             such
             as
             were
             Eye-witnesses
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             among
             whom
             the
             sad
             effects
             of
             them
             remain
             with
             grief
             and
             smarting
             to
             this
             day
             .
             I
             shall
             first
             examine
             the
             account
             that
             he
             giveth
             of
             these
             Laws
             ,
             and
             then
             shew
             how
             defective
             it
             is
             ,
             by
             supplying
             what
             he
             hath
             omitted
             .
             He
             telleth
             a
             story
             of
             the
             endeavours
             of
             the
             Synod
             of
             Edenburgh
             to
             
               have
               Presbytery
               established
            
             ;
             and
             who
             can
             blame
             them
             ,
             especially
             
             seeing
             their
             Attempt
             was
             only
             an
             Application
             to
             a
             Person
             of
             Interest
             with
             His
             Majesty
             .
             He
             telleth
             us
             likewise
             of
             their
             sending
             a
             Clergy-man
             (
             whom
             he
             will
             not
             name
             )
             to
             the
             same
             Great
             Man
             (
             who
             is
             also
             nameless
             )
             with
             a
             threatning
             Message
             ,
             
               That
               if
               they
               would
               not
               settle
               Presbytery
               they
               should
               have
               the
               people
               let
               loose
               upon
               them
               .
            
             This
             story
             I
             never
             heard
             before
             ,
             nor
             know
             I
             how
             to
             examine
             the
             truth
             of
             it
             ;
             neither
             can
             I
             meet
             with
             any
             Person
             that
             hath
             heard
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             so
             have
             more
             than
             probable
             grounds
             to
             let
             it
             pass
             as
             a
             Forgery
             :
             And
             if
             it
             had
             been
             true
             ,
             was
             this
             private
             surmise
             a
             sufficient
             ground
             for
             a
             Parliament
             to
             make
             such
             Bloody
             Laws
             against
             so
             great
             a
             Body
             of
             People
             as
             the
             Dissenters
             ?
             Men
             will
             think
             it
             a
             weak
             Cause
             that
             must
             be
             supported
             by
             such
             silly
             shifts
             .
             I
             take
             no
             notice
             of
             the
             Act
             annulling
             so
             many
             preceding
             Parliaments
             and
             their
             Acts
             (
             tho'
             this
             were
             hard
             enough
             )
             nor
             of
             their
             Act
             of
             Restitution
             of
             Bishops
             ;
             it
             is
             not
             the
             right
             or
             wrong
             of
             the
             Acts
             that
             we
             are
             now
             considering
             ,
             but
             whether
             they
             were
             Moderate
             or
             Persecuting
             .
             But
             it
             is
             not
             far
             from
             ridiculous
             that
             he
             addeth
             ,
             That
             
               this
               Imperious
               Address
               from
               the
               Ministers
            
             (
             a
             private
             Transaction
             between
             two
             Men
             ,
             if
             it
             hath
             any
             truth
             in
             it
             )
             
               should
               so
               far
               influence
            
             a
             Parliament
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             them
             impute
             all
             the
             Evils
             that
             he
             fancieth
             had
             fallen
             out
             ,
             to
             the
             Invasion
             made
             on
             Episcopal
             Government
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             3.
             
             He
             next
             giveth
             us
             account
             of
             the
             effect
             of
             setling
             Episcopacy
             :
             And
             first
             ,
             in
             the
             non-complyance
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Ministers
             ,
             and
             their
             being
             therefore
             deprived
             of
             their
             Churches
             and
             Benefices
             .
             And
             is
             this
             no
             Persecution
             ?
             How
             then
             is
             it
             that
             the
             World
             is
             filled
             with
             such
             outcries
             in
             one
             Print
             after
             another
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Prelatick
             Clergy
             in
             Scotland
             were
             under
             Sufferings
             beyond
             the
             French
             Dragooning
             ,
             because
             some
             of
             them
             (
             and
             but
             a
             few
             of
             many
             that
             are
             guilty
             )
             are
             deprived
             by
             the
             State
             for
             refusing
             to
             own
             the
             Civil
             Government
             under
             which
             they
             live
             :
             A
             Crime
             never
             till
             this
             day
             thought
             consistent
             with
             the
             Being
             ,
             much
             less
             with
             the
             Peace
             of
             any
             Government
             .
             But
             these
             Men
             have
             not
             learned
             Christ's
             Precept
             ,
             To
             
               do
               to
               others
               as
               they
               would
               be
               done
               by
               themselves
               .
            
             But
             this
             Act
             was
             not
             so
             much
             Persecution
             against
             the
             Ministers
             that
             were
             laid
             aside
             (
             they
             suffered
             the
             loss
             of
             their
             Livelyhood
             )
             as
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             whose
             Souls
             smarted
             under
             a
             sad
             loss
             ,
             considering
             how
             many
             Eminent
             and
             Holy
             Men
             were
             among
             them
             that
             were
             so
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             from
             their
             Flocks
             .
             And
             what
             a
             set
             of
             Men
             were
             put
             in
             their
             room
             .
             If
             these
             Servants
             of
             God
             endured
             no
             Persecution
             from
             the
             State
             ,
             I
             am
             sure
             they
             do
             from
             this
             Man
             's
             virulent
             Pen
             ,
             who
             saith
             ,
             
               They
               forsook
               their
               Ministry
               either
               because
               of
               disappointment
               of
               their
               hope
               of
               Preferment
               ,
               or
               from
               love
               of
               Ease
               ,
               and
               weariness
               of
               their
               Work
               ,
               or
               from
               impatience
               to
               be
               subordinate
               .
            
             The
             Lord
             
             will
             refute
             this
             malicious
             passage
             ,
             when
             he
             shall
             come
             
               with
               ten
               thousands
               of
               his
               Saints
               ,
               to
               execute
               judgment
               upon
               all
               ,
               and
               to
               convince
               all
               that
               are
               ungodly
               among
               them
               ,
               of
               all
               their
               ungodly
               deeds
               which
               they
               have
               ungodlily
               committed
               ,
               and
               of
               all
               the
               hard
               speeches
               which
               ungodly
               sinners
               have
               spoken
               against
               him
               ,
            
             Jude
             v.
             14
             ,
             15.
             
             This
             Man
             cannot
             be
             ignorant
             of
             what
             is
             known
             all
             Scotland
             over
             ,
             without
             question
             or
             contradiction
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             these
             Ministers
             had
             preferment
             in
             their
             offer
             ,
             yea
             ,
             the
             highest
             preferment
             in
             that
             Church
             ,
             and
             refused
             it
             :
             that
             they
             did
             not
             consult
             their
             ease
             ,
             but
             did
             most
             laboriously
             Preach
             under
             the
             greatest
             hardships
             and
             hazards
             ;
             which
             is
             to
             this
             day
             seen
             in
             its
             effects
             ,
             on
             the
             crazy
             bodies
             of
             not
             a
             few
             of
             them
             :
             and
             if
             any
             did
             otherwise
             ,
             it
             was
             very
             ill
             lookt
             on
             by
             the
             rest
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             known
             they
             were
             never
             backward
             to
             be
             subject
             to
             Christ's
             appointments
             ;
             tho'
             they
             cannot
             (
             for
             Conscience-sake
             )
             stoop
             to
             these
             of
             Men
             ,
             in
             the
             Matters
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             §
             4.
             
             Then
             he
             telleth
             us
             of
             the
             compliance
             of
             other
             Ministers
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             unaccountable
             which
             he
             maketh
             the
             motive
             of
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             
               that
               the
               Episcopacy
               then
               setled
               ,
               was
               not
               abjured
               in
               the
               Solemn
               League
               .
            
             Nothing
             but
             Ignorance
             of
             that
             Oath
             ,
             or
             Impudence
             to
             say
             what
             one
             will
             ,
             could
             make
             them
             say
             so
             :
             it
             is
             known
             ,
             that
             this
             was
             not
             pleaded
             by
             them
             ,
             but
             either
             that
             that
             Oath
             was
             not
             binding
             ,
             or
             that
             they
             had
             not
             taken
             it
             ,
             and
             were
             not
             bound
             by
             the
             Nations
             taking
             of
             it
             :
             and
             if
             this
             were
             true
             ,
             what
             should
             have
             stirred
             the
             zeal
             of
             that
             party
             so
             against
             that
             Oath
             ,
             as
             to
             get
             it
             abjured
             ,
             and
             burnt
             ,
             in
             contempt
             ,
             by
             the
             common
             Hangman
             .
             He
             telleth
             us
             next
             ,
             how
             the
             people
             did
             comply
             ,
             till
             1663.
             
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             hearing
             the
             conform
             Clergy
             was
             commune
             at
             first
             ▪
             (
             other
             compliance
             was
             never
             given
             ;
             but
             an
             entire
             dislike
             of
             Episcopacy
             was
             as
             extensive
             as
             any
             respect
             to
             Presbyterian
             Government
             was
             )
             but
             after
             a
             short
             tryal
             ,
             many
             serious
             people
             ,
             who
             minded
             the
             edification
             of
             their
             Souls
             ,
             found
             what
             a
             sad
             change
             they
             had
             made
             ,
             and
             what
             want
             there
             was
             of
             the
             
               godly
               ,
               learned
            
             and
             
               grave
               Men
            
             ,
             that
             he
             speaketh
             of
             ,
             to
             supply
             vacant
             places
             :
             which
             moved
             the
             people
             to
             look
             after
             better
             means
             of
             edification
             :
             I
             deny
             not
             but
             some
             run
             to
             an
             excess
             :
             but
             there
             was
             sufficient
             reason
             for
             leaving
             these
             Intruders
             when
             others
             could
             be
             had
             .
             And
             both
             Ministers
             and
             People
             behoved
             to
             take
             some
             time
             to
             consider
             what
             was
             duty
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             been
             for
             a
             time
             stunned
             with
             the
             sad
             stroak
             that
             came
             upon
             them
             .
             He
             next
             giveth
             account
             of
             one
             of
             his
             Innocent
             Laws
             ;
             It
             is
             
               Car.
               2.
               
               Part
               1.
               
               Sess.
               3.
               
               Act
               2.
               
               Ann.
               1663.
               
               All
               who
               come
               not
               to
               hear
               their
               Ordinary
               ,
               are
               to
               pay
               a
               fourth
               part
               of
               their
               yearly
               Rent
               :
               others
               that
               had
               no
               Land
               ,
               a
               fourth
               part
               of
               their
               moveable
               Goods
               :
               a
               Burgess
               ,
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               his
               Moveables
               ,
               and
               the
               priviledge
               of
               his
               Burgiship
               is
               forfeited
               .
            
             Is
             here
             no
             persecution
             ?
             to
             force
             people
             thus
             against
             the
             
             light
             of
             their
             conscience
             ,
             to
             sit
             under
             the
             Ministry
             of
             them
             they
             had
             no
             pastoral
             relation
             to
             :
             and
             to
             desert
             them
             to
             whom
             they
             were
             so
             tied
             ;
             to
             hear
             constantly
             some
             that
             taught
             Arminianism
             ;
             some
             that
             railed
             against
             serious
             Religion
             :
             besides
             the
             horrid
             Immoralities
             of
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             which
             made
             the
             Ordinances
             of
             Christ
             contemptible
             to
             the
             people
             :
             for
             this
             Law
             extended
             to
             hearing
             of
             such
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             others
             .
             And
             was
             it
             no
             persecution
             to
             enact
             so
             severe
             Fines
             for
             such
             a
             crime
             ,
             so
             as
             a
             few
             Sermons
             might
             reduce
             a
             rich
             man
             to
             absolute
             poverty
             ?
             And
             did
             it
             savour
             of
             no
             persecution
             ,
             in
             the
             Preface
             to
             this
             Act
             ,
             to
             declare
             such
             abstinence
             from
             hearing
             ,
             to
             be
             seditious
             ,
             when
             they
             that
             were
             so
             charged
             ,
             were
             as
             quiet
             and
             peaceable
             as
             any
             in
             the
             Land
             ?
             He
             would
             excuse
             the
             severity
             of
             this
             Act
             from
             the
             
               Sermons
               and
               Books
               of
               some
               ,
               written
               to
               justifie
               the
               Murther
               of
            
             Charles
             
               the
               First
               ,
               and
               the
               Banishment
               of
            
             Charles
             
               the
               Second
               ,
               and
               the
               Necessity
               of
               taking
               up
               Arms
               against
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               laying
               out
               the
               sinfulness
               of
               compliance
               with
               the
               Legal
               Settlement
               of
               Church
               and
               State.
               Answ.
            
             If
             some
             ,
             whose
             Spirits
             were
             imbittered
             by
             what
             they
             suffered
             ,
             especially
             who
             being
             banished
             into
             foreign
             Countreys
             ,
             took
             more
             liberty
             than
             was
             fit
             ,
             and
             spake
             or
             wrote
             (
             on
             some
             of
             those
             Heads
             )
             such
             things
             :
             is
             it
             reasonable
             ,
             or
             can
             it
             be
             freed
             from
             spiteful
             persecution
             ,
             to
             charge
             the
             whole
             party
             with
             these
             things
             ,
             and
             treat
             them
             accordingly
             ;
             when
             it
             could
             not
             be
             ,
             nor
             was
             unknown
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             most
             of
             these
             things
             were
             quite
             contrary
             to
             the
             sentiments
             and
             practices
             of
             the
             best
             ,
             and
             far
             greatest
             part
             of
             Presbyterians
             ?
             And
             we
             may
             with
             good
             ground
             affirm
             ,
             That
             the
             spreading
             of
             such
             principles
             among
             the
             people
             ,
             above
             what
             was
             at
             first
             ,
             was
             caused
             by
             the
             severities
             that
             they
             suffered
             :
             and
             that
             these
             severities
             had
             not
             their
             rise
             from
             them
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Murther
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             First
             ,
             it
             is
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             the
             Presbyterians
             in
             Scotland
             did
             declare
             against
             it
             ,
             both
             in
             their
             religious
             and
             civil
             capacity
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             5.
             
             What
             he
             next
             bringeth
             ,
             of
             
               the
               open
               Rebellion
               of
               the
               Western
               parts
               ,
            
             1666.
             (
             known
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Pentland-hills
             )
             was
             purely
             the
             fruit
             of
             the
             horrid
             Barbarities
             that
             that
             people
             suffered
             from
             Military
             force
             ,
             sacking
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             destroying
             their
             Livelihood
             ,
             treating
             their
             persons
             with
             the
             greatest
             Inhumanity
             ,
             under
             which
             they
             groaned
             for
             several
             years
             ,
             and
             had
             no
             shelter
             but
             in
             Mountains
             and
             in
             Caves
             ,
             nor
             were
             safe
             but
             in
             such
             companies
             as
             could
             make
             resistance
             :
             and
             yet
             what
             then
             was
             done
             ,
             was
             the
             act
             but
             of
             a
             few
             Presbyterians
             ,
             and
             therefore
             could
             not
             warrant
             further
             severity
             ,
             nor
             could
             be
             chargeable
             on
             all
             :
             and
             on
             this
             or
             some
             other
             consideration
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             an
             Indulgence
             granted
             for
             a
             time
             ;
             but
             it
             was
             so
             contrived
             as
             could
             not
             answer
             the
             necessities
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             the
             Ministers
             being
             all
             
             confined
             to
             one
             corner
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Nation
             left
             destitute
             ;
             which
             made
             it
             reasonable
             for
             some
             to
             use
             that
             liberty
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             serve
             the
             Church
             ;
             and
             others
             to
             refuse
             it
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             be
             useful
             in
             other
             places
             where
             it
             was
             not
             allowed
             .
             What
             is
             alledged
             ,
             of
             
               assaulting
               Ministers
               ,
               robbing
               their
               Houses
               ,
               wounding
               them
               ,
            
             &c.
             much
             of
             it
             was
             found
             to
             be
             meer
             forgery
             ,
             to
             make
             that
             party
             odious
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             a
             colour
             for
             further
             severities
             ;
             and
             what
             was
             done
             (
             if
             any
             thing
             )
             was
             without
             the
             knowledge
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             greatest
             dislike
             of
             the
             Presbyterians
             in
             general
             :
             for
             ,
             indeed
             ,
             the
             severities
             of
             that
             time
             did
             provoke
             some
             to
             run
             into
             these
             principles
             and
             practices
             that
             ever
             since
             hath
             been
             uneasie
             to
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             grievous
             to
             sober
             Presbyterians
             ;
             some
             of
             whom
             have
             been
             as
             much
             in
             hazard
             from
             them
             ,
             as
             the
             prelatick
             Clergy
             have
             been
             ;
             it
             is
             therefore
             strange
             ,
             that
             such
             things
             should
             be
             pretended
             to
             justifie
             the
             bloody
             Laws
             that
             followed
             ,
             and
             which
             reach
             even
             them
             that
             were
             
               quiet
               in
               the
               Land.
            
             
          
           
             §
             6.
             
             He
             next
             cometh
             to
             the
             Act
             1670
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Preface
             brandeth
             Meetings
             (
             tho'
             they
             were
             only
             for
             Praying
             and
             Preaching
             )
             as
             
               Seminaries
               of
               Rebellion
            
             (
             tho'
             it
             is
             well
             known
             that
             Loyalty
             hath
             been
             many
             times
             preached
             in
             them
             ,
             and
             no
             Sedition
             nor
             Rebellion
             was
             ever
             taught
             ,
             except
             by
             the
             persons
             above
             marked
             )
             
               and
               for
               a
               House-Conventicle
               ,
               the
               Minister
               is
               Imprisoned
               ,
               till
               he
               pay
            
             175
             l.
             
               sterling
               :
               and
               must
               engage
               to
               preach
               no
               more
               ,
               or
               give
               Bond
               to
               leave
               the
               Nation
               ,
               without
               returning
               ,
               unless
               by
               the
               King's
               leave
               ;
               others
               were
               to
               pay
               ,
               an
               Inheritour
               of
               Lands
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               his
               Rent
               ;
               a
               Servant
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               a
               Year's
               Wage
               ;
               a
               Farmer
               40
               s.
            
             sterling
             ;
             
               a
               Cottar
            
             20
             s.
             
               If
               the
               Meeting
               were
               in
               the
               Fields
               ,
            
             (
             where
             yet
             Christ
             and
             his
             Disciples
             often
             preached
             ,
             and
             that
             contrary
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             Men
             )
             
               the
               Minister
               was
               punishable
               by
               Death
               and
               confiscation
               of
               Goods
               ;
               and
               every
               Hearer
               ,
               the
               double
               of
               what
               is
               above
               mention'd
               .
            
             If
             here
             be
             nothing
             of
             Persecution
             ,
             that
             hearing
             a
             Sermon
             from
             one
             that
             Christ
             by
             his
             Church
             hath
             sent
             to
             preach
             ,
             should
             be
             bought
             at
             such
             a
             rate
             ;
             and
             that
             a
             few
             peaceable
             People
             ,
             meeting
             in
             a
             corner
             of
             a
             Wilderness
             ,
             for
             no
             other
             intent
             ,
             and
             about
             no
             other
             work
             ,
             but
             to
             hear
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             should
             take
             away
             the
             Preacher's
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Hearer's
             Livelihood
             ;
             if
             this
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             be
             no
             Persecution
             ,
             let
             the
             World
             judge
             .
             There
             might
             have
             been
             some
             shadow
             for
             such
             severity
             against
             meeting
             with
             Arms
             ,
             (
             tho'
             even
             that
             was
             in
             some
             cases
             necessary
             )
             but
             that
             was
             always
             disallowed
             by
             the
             soberest
             and
             wisest
             )
             but
             when
             nothing
             appeared
             in
             mens
             words
             or
             behaviour
             ,
             but
             that
             in
             peace
             and
             quietness
             they
             were
             seeking
             after
             the
             food
             of
             their
             Souls
             ,
             such
             severity
             must
             either
             be
             called
             Persecution
             ,
             or
             we
             have
             lost
             the
             very
             names
             of
             things
             ,
             and
             must
             call
             Vice
             ,
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             Virtue
             ,
             Vice.
             
          
           
           
             §
             7.
             
             What
             he
             hath
             owned
             is
             sufficient
             to
             ruin
             his
             Conclusion
             that
             he
             would
             prove
             by
             these
             Topicks
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             That
             
               the
               Penal
               Laws
               against
               Scotch
               Presbyterians
               had
               no
               persecution
               in
               them
               .
            
             But
             it
             doth
             further
             appear
             how
             absurd
             it
             is
             ,
             if
             we
             consider
             what
             he
             hath
             wisely
             suppressed
             ,
             as
             ashamed
             to
             speak
             out
             all
             the
             truth
             .
             Three
             things
             he
             suppresseth
             ,
             1.
             
             Some
             severe
             Laws
             .
             2.
             
             Some
             Acts
             of
             Council
             or
             Orders
             given
             forth
             by
             it
             ,
             which
             exceeded
             all
             the
             Severity
             of
             the
             Laws
             .
             3.
             
             Execution
             of
             these
             Laws
             and
             Orders
             ,
             beyond
             what
             either
             of
             them
             could
             warrant
             .
             For
             the
             1st
             .
             in
             the
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             Aug.
             13.
             1670.
             it
             is
             declared
             ,
             that
             
               if
               a
               Minister
               Preach
               ,
               Expound
               Scripture
               ,
               or
               Pray
               in
               a
               House
               where
               there
               be
               more
               persons
               than
               the
               House
               contains
               ,
            
             (
             it
             is
             not
             said
             ,
             than
             the
             House
             can
             contain
             )
             
               so
               as
               some
               be
               without
               doors
               ,
            
             (
             which
             might
             happen
             without
             the
             Ministers
             or
             Peoples
             knowledge
             ,
             after
             the
             work
             is
             begun
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             Malice
             of
             some
             who
             might
             stand
             without
             doors
             on
             purpose
             to
             ensnare
             those
             within
             )
             
               it
               is
               declared
               to
               be
               a
               Field-Conventicle
               :
            
             and
             consequently
             the
             Minister
             is
             liable
             to
             death
             ,
             when
             he
             doth
             his
             best
             ,
             so
             far
             to
             conform
             to
             the
             Law
             as
             to
             shun
             that
             hazard
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             are
             liable
             to
             forfeit
             the
             double
             of
             what
             in
             reason
             they
             could
             expect
             .
             By
             the
             same
             Act
             ,
             the
             Lives
             of
             them
             that
             so
             meet
             are
             exposed
             to
             the
             mercy
             of
             their
             most
             malicious
             Enemies
             :
             for
             not
             only
             a
             Reward
             is
             proposed
             
               to
               any
               who
               will
            
             (
             tho'
             without
             Warrant
             or
             Order
             of
             Law
             )
             
               seize
               and
               secure
               any
               at
               such
               a
               Meeting
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               indemnified
               for
               any
               slaughter
               that
               they
               shall
               commit
               in
               the
               apprehending
               and
               securing
               of
               them
               .
            
             Nothing
             but
             the
             restraining
             power
             of
             God
             hath
             preserved
             the
             Lives
             of
             many
             thousands
             ,
             who
             were
             so
             (
             by
             this
             Man
             's
             Innocent
             Laws
             )
             exposed
             to
             the
             will
             of
             an
             ungodly
             ,
             and
             merciless
             Crew
             .
             Afterward
             an
             Act
             was
             made
             ,
             declaring
             ,
             
               that
               not
               only
               Field
               ,
               but
               House-Conventicles
               ,
               should
               infer
               the
               pain
               of
               Death
               to
               the
               Minister
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               Field-Conventicle
               should
               be
               death
               to
               all
               present
               ,
               Minister
               and
               Hearers
               ,
               1685.
               
               May
            
             8.
             
             It
             is
             by
             another
             Act
             ,
             1672.
             declared
             ,
             
               that
               where-ever
               a
               Minister
               ,
               not
               allowed
               by
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               or
               licensed
               by
               the
               Council
               ,
               doth
               preach
               and
               expound
               Scripture
               ,
               or
               pray
               in
               his
               own
               House
               ,
               where
               more
               persons
               are
               present
               than
               four
               ,
               beside
               the
               Family
               ,
               or
               in
               any
               Family
               that
               is
               not
               his
               own
               ,
               tho'
               none
               should
               be
               present
               but
               the
               Family
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               a
               Conventicle
               .
            
             And
             comparing
             this
             with
             the
             above-mention'd
             Act
             ,
             a
             Minister
             loseth
             his
             Life
             by
             Law
             ,
             if
             he
             pray
             in
             a
             Family
             where
             he
             happeneth
             to
             lodge
             a
             night
             out
             of
             his
             own
             House
             .
             Likewise
             ,
             
               Anno
               1685.
               
               Act
            
             4.
             any
             who
             refuse
             to
             witness
             (
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             be
             an
             accuser
             of
             the
             Brethren
             ,
             the
             Devil's
             work
             )
             about
             House
             or
             Field-Conventicles
             ,
             or
             Church-Disorders
             ,
             are
             to
             suffer
             as
             guilty
             of
             these
             Crimes
             themselves
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             suffer
             death
             :
             and
             thus
             the
             Wife
             or
             Child
             ,
             must
             either
             contribute
             to
             take
             away
             the
             Life
             of
             her
             Husband
             or
             Father
             ,
             or
             lay
             down
             
             their
             own
             Life
             .
             Also
             Act
             8.
             of
             the
             same
             Year
             ,
             it
             is
             declared
             Treason
             to
             own
             the
             Covenant
             as
             Lawful
             ,
             or
             Obligatory
             ,
             though
             we
             had
             sworn
             it
             ,
             and
             many
             being
             questioned
             about
             the
             Obligation
             of
             it
             ,
             behoved
             either
             to
             Perjure
             themselves
             ,
             or
             suffer
             death
             from
             the
             hands
             of
             Bloody
             Men.
             And
             Act
             6.
             
             Husbands
             who
             complyed
             with
             the
             Laws
             (
             unless
             they
             were
             also
             judged
             by
             the
             Council
             to
             be
             Loyal
             (
             which
             no
             Man
             could
             expect
             unless
             he
             were
             throughly
             Episcopal
             ,
             to
             say
             no
             worse
             )
             must
             be
             fined
             for
             their
             Wives
             non-complyance
             ,
             which
             put
             Men
             on
             this
             sore
             Dilemma
             ,
             either
             unnaturally
             to
             put
             force
             on
             his
             Wives
             Conscience
             (
             which
             may
             be
             he
             could
             not
             Command
             )
             or
             be
             undone
             .
             Beside
             this
             (
             which
             is
             the
             second
             thing
             above-mentioned
             )
             it
             cannot
             be
             denyed
             that
             the
             Privy-Council
             gave
             Order
             not
             only
             to
             Officers
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             but
             to
             every
             private
             Souldier
             ,
             empowering
             them
             when
             they
             met
             any
             Person
             on
             the
             High-way
             ,
             to
             examine
             them
             whether
             they
             were
             coming
             from
             or
             going
             to
             a
             Conventicle
             :
             And
             if
             they
             would
             not
             by
             Oath
             clear
             themselves
             ,
             they
             were
             allowed
             to
             take
             from
             them
             their
             upper
             Garment
             .
             Yea
             ,
             afterward
             the
             Officers
             (
             I
             know
             not
             whether
             the
             Souldiers
             had
             that
             Power
             )
             were
             warranted
             to
             kill
             whomever
             they
             met
             with
             ,
             who
             should
             refuse
             to
             give
             them
             satisfaction
             about
             abjuring
             the
             
               Sanquhair
               Declaration
            
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             sober
             Men
             did
             not
             refuse
             to
             take
             that
             Abjuration
             ;
             but
             it
             was
             an
             unparallel'd
             Act
             ,
             to
             commit
             the
             lives
             of
             Men
             to
             Souldiers
             ,
             to
             kill
             at
             their
             pleasure
             Men
             living
             in
             Peace
             ,
             and
             going
             about
             their
             Lawful
             Employments
             ,
             without
             proof
             of
             a
             Crime
             ,
             or
             due
             course
             of
             Law.
             August
             3.
             1682.
             
             Major
             White
             in
             many
             Counties
             ,
             and
             the
             Laird
             of
             Meldrum
             ,
             a
             Captain
             of
             Horse
             ,
             in
             other
             Counties
             ,
             are
             empowered
             to
             act
             as
             Sheriffs
             (
             tho'
             the
             ordinary
             Sheriffs
             and
             their
             Deputies
             were
             executing
             the
             Laws
             )
             and
             to
             keep
             Justice
             Courts
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             of
             People
             were
             at
             the
             mercy
             of
             these
             two
             Souldiers
             .
             Sept.
             9.
             the
             Laird
             of
             Claverhouse
             (
             a
             Souldier
             )
             is
             empowred
             to
             put
             the
             Laws
             in
             Execution
             against
             withdrawers
             from
             the
             Church
             .
             A
             Commission
             for
             judging
             and
             executing
             the
             Laws
             ,
             even
             to
             death
             ,
             is
             given
             to
             Crawford
             of
             
               Ardmillan
               ,
               Novemb.
            
             9
             and
             16
             days
             the
             like
             to
             the
             E.
             of
             Linlithgow
             .
             I
             conclude
             with
             what
             is
             wisely
             observed
             by
             the
             Prince
             of
             Orange
             (
             now
             our
             Gracious
             Soveraign
             )
             in
             his
             Declaration
             for
             Scotland
             ,
             about
             Imprisonments
             without
             cause
             alledged
             ,
             forcing
             many
             to
             swear
             against
             themselves
             ,
             imposing
             Arbitrary
             Fines
             ,
             intercommunings
             on
             the
             slenderest
             pretences
             ,
             making
             Men
             incur
             the
             danger
             of
             Life
             and
             Fortune
             for
             most
             innocent
             converse
             with
             their
             Relations
             outlawed
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Counsellers
             themselves
             were
             guilty
             ,
             and
             behoved
             to
             procure
             Pardons
             .
             By
             empowring
             Souldiers
             to
             act
             the
             greatest
             Barbarity
             on
             Persons
             living
             in
             quiet
             ,
             hanging
             ,
             drowning
             ,
             or
             shooting
             ,
             without
             any
             course
             of
             Law.
             
             The
             Third
             thing
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Execution
             did
             exceed
             both
             the
             Laws
             and
             Orders
             of
             Council
             ,
             Multitudes
             of
             Instances
             may
             (
             and
             I
             hope
             ere
             long
             will
             )
             be
             given
             of
             Men
             pistolled
             ,
             or
             hanged
             in
             cold
             Blood
             ,
             by
             the
             High-way
             ,
             on
             the
             Fields
             about
             their
             Work
             ,
             or
             drag'd
             out
             of
             their
             own
             Houses
             ,
             because
             they
             refused
             to
             declare
             their
             Opinion
             of
             the
             
               Murther
               of
               the
               Arch-Bishop
               of
               St.
               Andrews
               :
            
             Of
             the
             
               Insurrection
               at
            
             Pentland
             and
             Bothwell-Bridge
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Covenant
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             it
             doth
             not
             reflect
             on
             the
             Laws
             ,
             but
             it
             sheweth
             what
             spirit
             they
             were
             of
             who
             made
             them
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             employed
             such
             Men
             ,
             and
             did
             not
             punish
             them
             for
             such
             Facts
             ,
             but
             rather
             countenanced
             them
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             8.
             
             He
             cometh
             now
             to
             his
             Conclusion
             ,
             to
             clear
             the
             Laws
             from
             Persecution
             :
             And
             here
             he
             addeth
             some
             Considerations
             that
             he
             taketh
             for
             Argumentative
             :
             As
             that
             
               three
               Rebellions
               were
               raised
               in
               the
               space
               of
               23
               Years
               .
            
             But
             if
             these
             Rebellions
             were
             the
             Effects
             ,
             rather
             than
             the
             Causes
             of
             that
             Severity
             (
             as
             indeed
             they
             were
             )
             then
             his
             Argument
             is
             inconcludent
             .
             That
             it
             was
             so
             with
             the
             former
             two
             I
             have
             observed
             before
             ;
             for
             the
             third
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             he
             is
             not
             ignorant
             how
             it
             was
             influenced
             by
             that
             unparallel'd
             and
             ridiculous
             (
             but
             that
             it
             was
             on
             a
             mournful
             Subject
             )
             Libel
             wyer-drawn
             against
             that
             Noble
             Earl
             that
             was
             the
             Head
             of
             that
             Insurrection
             ,
             making
             him
             guilty
             of
             Leesing-making
             ,
             and
             lyable
             to
             Death
             for
             what
             unbyassed
             Men
             ,
             and
             even
             some
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             judged
             to
             be
             below
             the
             least
             of
             Crimes
             .
             He
             saith
             ,
             
               none
               ever
               suffered
               for
               mere
               Separation
               ,
               but
               in
               Purse
               :
            
             But
             is
             it
             not
             Persecution
             to
             be
             turned
             out
             of
             a
             Man's
             Livelyhood
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Beggar
             for
             worshipping
             God
             ?
             He
             saith
             likewise
             ,
             That
             
               none
               suffered
               that
               way
               but
               such
               as
               came
               to
               Church
               to
               save
               their
               Money
               ,
               notwithstanding
               of
               pretended
               scruple
               of
               Conscience
               .
            
             This
             is
             spoken
             at
             random
             ;
             many
             suffered
             sadly
             for
             Conventicles
             ,
             who
             did
             not
             so
             comply
             :
             And
             I
             am
             bold
             to
             say
             ,
             he
             knoweth
             the
             contrary
             of
             what
             he
             here
             affirmeth
             .
             He
             will
             have
             his
             Conclusion
             to
             stand
             ,
             
               Unless
               we
               will
               derogate
               from
               the
               Authority
               of
               King
               and
               Parliament
               .
            
             That
             is
             a
             mistake
             :
             We
             question
             the
             Justice
             of
             their
             Laws
             ,
             not
             their
             Authority
             to
             make
             Laws
             .
             We
             may
             say
             ,
             Nero
             and
             Domitian
             were
             Persecutors
             ,
             without
             questioning
             whether
             they
             were
             Lawful
             Emperors
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             VI.
             
          
           
             IT
             may
             be
             observed
             from
             this
             Author's
             Conduct
             in
             his
             Pamphlet
             ,
             what
             it
             is
             to
             be
             fleshed
             in
             bold
             averring
             of
             what
             all
             the
             World
             knoweth
             to
             be
             manifest
             untruths
             :
             Some
             by
             boldness
             and
             frequency
             in
             telling
             Lies
             ,
             have
             come
             at
             last
             to
             believe
             them
             as
             Truths
             ;
             what
             else
             could
             make
             him
             propose
             this
             Question
             ,
             and
             answer
             it
             Negatively
             ?
          
           
           
             
               Whether
               the
               Episcopal
               Clergy
               in
            
             Scotland
             
               from
               the
               Year
               1662.
               to
               the
               Year
               1686.
               shewed
               any
               thing
               of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Persecution
               against
               Presbyterians
               ?
            
          
           
             We
             affirm
             that
             they
             did
             :
             He
             denyeth
             it
             .
             To
             prove
             what
             we
             assert
             ,
             we
             might
             bring
             a
             Volume
             of
             Historical
             instances
             ,
             which
             now
             to
             adduce
             ,
             should
             swell
             this
             Paper
             to
             an
             undue
             bigness
             ,
             and
             would
             anticipate
             what
             it
             is
             like
             will
             be
             amply
             performed
             in
             the
             History
             of
             the
             late
             Times
             :
             A
             few
             things
             I
             hope
             will
             not
             be
             denyed
             by
             any
             Impartial
             Person
             that
             knoweth
             Scotch
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             will
             be
             sufficient
             to
             evince
             what
             we
             hold
             in
             this
             :
             One
             is
             ,
             the
             Bishops
             of
             this
             Church
             sat
             in
             Parliament
             when
             the
             above-mentioned
             Laws
             were
             made
             ;
             did
             any
             of
             them
             either
             Reason
             or
             Vote
             against
             any
             one
             of
             them
             ?
             Yea
             ,
             it
             is
             known
             that
             they
             were
             active
             Promoters
             of
             them
             ;
             yea
             ,
             our
             Author
             denyeth
             not
             their
             
               consenting
               and
               advising
               to
               them
            
             ,
             tho'
             he
             will
             not
             own
             their
             
               being
               the
               first
               Movers
               of
               them
               .
            
             The
             former
             is
             enough
             to
             our
             purpose
             ,
             and
             the
             latter
             is
             rationally
             suspected
             ,
             both
             from
             the
             active
             influence
             that
             some
             of
             them
             had
             in
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             spight
             that
             on
             all
             occasions
             they
             shewed
             against
             Men
             of
             our
             way
             .
             Another
             Evidence
             of
             this
             is
             ,
             the
             Church-men
             in
             their
             Publick
             Sermons
             did
             frequently
             inflame
             both
             the
             Magistrates
             and
             Souldiers
             to
             execute
             the
             Laws
             against
             Dissenters
             ;
             and
             helped
             them
             by
             Direction
             ,
             Intelligence
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             ways
             that
             they
             could
             ,
             as
             thousands
             of
             Instances
             might
             make
             appear
             .
             A
             Note
             of
             a
             Sermon
             was
             much
             talked
             of
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Judges
             of
             Assize
             ,
             or
             Circuit-Court
             ,
             (
             before
             whom
             it
             was
             preached
             )
             were
             advised
             to
             
               dye
               their
               Scarlet
               Robes
               yet
               more
               red
               in
               the
               Blood
               of
               these
               Men.
            
             Again
             ,
             it
             is
             known
             that
             the
             Ministers
             were
             the
             Informers
             against
             such
             as
             did
             not
             comply
             with
             the
             Laws
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             this
             was
             enjoyned
             them
             by
             the
             Rulers
             :
             But
             conscientious
             Men
             would
             not
             have
             persecuted
             them
             that
             feared
             the
             Lord
             ,
             at
             the
             Command
             of
             Men
             :
             whereas
             most
             of
             them
             gave
             ready
             ,
             chearful
             ,
             and
             forward
             Obedience
             to
             these
             Injunctions
             .
             He
             speaketh
             of
             some
             of
             them
             
               who
               did
               not
               ,
               but
               were
               chid
               by
               the
               Iudges
               :
            
             And
             we
             confess
             ,
             they
             were
             not
             all
             Persecutors
             ,
             but
             many
             ,
             yea
             ,
             the
             far
             greatest
             part
             were
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             2.
             
             Now
             what
             hath
             he
             to
             say
             for
             vindicating
             the
             Clergy
             from
             this
             Imputation
             ?
             He
             telleth
             us
             ,
             
               The
               Clergy
               never
               Addressed
               the
               King
               for
               punishing
               the
               Presbyterians
               .
            
             A
             goodly
             Apology
             !
             as
             if
             there
             were
             no
             other
             way
             of
             compassing
             such
             a
             malicious
             Design
             save
             this
             one
             .
             Next
             ,
             
               The
               inferiour
               Clergy
               did
               not
               obey
               the
               Order
               for
               Informing
               .
            
             This
             is
             answered
             :
             Most
             did
             ,
             and
             but
             a
             few
             refused
             .
             He
             talketh
             of
             
               Bishops
               shewing
               Acts
               of
               Charity
               ,
               in
               relieving
               the
               Necessities
               of
               Presbyterians
               ,
               and
               mitigating
               the
               Penalties
               of
               the
               Law
               when
               it
               was
               in
               their
               power
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               particulars
               of
               this
               might
               swell
               his
               Paper
               to
               a
               great
               bulk
               .
               Answ.
            
             These
             Acts
             it
             seems
             were
             very
             secretly
             done
             ;
             neither
             the
             man
             's
             own
             left
             Hand
             ,
             nor
             the
             Observation
             of
             others
             could
             discern
             them
             .
             If
             some
             acts
             of
             Charity
             were
             done
             to
             some
             in
             distress
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             more
             than
             what
             some
             Oppressors
             have
             done
             ,
             first
             made
             People
             poor
             ,
             by
             taking
             a
             pound
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             relieved
             them
             by
             giving
             a
             penny
             :
             notwithstanding
             any
             who
             have
             given
             a
             Cup
             of
             cold
             Water
             to
             Sufferers
             ,
             shall
             not
             want
             their
             Reward
             from
             the
             Lord
             ,
             nor
             their
             Commendation
             from
             us
             ,
             That
             
               private
               and
               publick
               witnessing
               against
               Schism
               was
               all
               that
               the
               inferiour
               Clergy
               did
               against
               Dissenters
               ,
            
             is
             so
             false
             an
             Assertion
             ,
             as
             nothing
             can
             be
             more
             false
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             QUEST
             .
             VII
             .
          
           
             
               Whether
               the
               Episcopal
               Church
               of
               Scotland
               were
               compliers
               with
               the
               Designs
               for
               taking
               away
               the
               Penal
               Law
               against
               the
               Papists
               .
            
          
           
             HE
             will
             here
             vindicate
             his
             own
             Church
             from
             this
             blame
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             next
             Question
             ,
             throw
             it
             on
             the
             Presbyterians
             ;
             both
             of
             them
             with
             a
             like
             truth
             and
             candor
             .
             We
             are
             far
             from
             charging
             all
             the
             Episcopal
             Party
             in
             this
             matter
             ,
             especially
             
               the
               Church
               diffusive
            
             ,
             which
             he
             saith
             
               was
               represented
               in
               Parliament
            
             .
             We
             know
             these
             Patriots
             did
             worthily
             in
             opposing
             that
             ill
             and
             dangerous
             Design
             ;
             but
             we
             will
             not
             own
             ,
             that
             all
             that
             sat
             in
             that
             honourable
             Assembly
             were
             Episcopal
             ;
             however
             ,
             they
             went
             a
             further
             length
             in
             complying
             with
             it
             than
             some
             have
             freedom
             to
             do
             .
             Not
             a
             few
             of
             them
             ,
             we
             hope
             ,
             will
             now
             shew
             ,
             and
             have
             shewed
             ,
             that
             that
             way
             was
             not
             their
             choice
             :
             for
             the
             Bishops
             ,
             he
             seemeth
             not
             to
             deny
             ,
             that
             two
             of
             the
             fourteen
             were
             for
             it
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             well
             known
             how
             far
             these
             two
             (
             and
             they
             were
             the
             two
             Heads
             ,
             the
             Archbishops
             )
             appeared
             for
             it
             ,
             both
             in
             Council
             ,
             and
             Parliament
             :
             and
             that
             
               two
               were
               deprived
               ,
               yea
               ,
               and
               appeared
               against
               this
               design
               ,
            
             we
             deny
             not
             :
             but
             can
             he
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             rest
             appeared
             against
             it
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             the
             fairest
             opportunity
             ,
             and
             were
             in
             a
             special
             manner
             called
             to
             it
             .
             For
             the
             inferior
             Clergy
             ,
             he
             will
             have
             them
             all
             innocent
             in
             this
             matter
             ,
             because
             
               they
               preached
               against
               the
               Doctrins
               of
               Popery
               ;
               that
               they
               prayed
               for
               the
               Protestants
               in
            
             France
             :
             
               and
               other
               appearances
               they
               made
               against
               Popery
               .
            
             None
             of
             these
             things
             we
             deny
             ;
             nor
             do
             we
             envy
             them
             their
             due
             praise
             on
             this
             account
             ,
             yet
             two
             things
             are
             to
             be
             considered
             ;
             one
             is
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             but
             the
             practice
             of
             some
             .
             It
             is
             well
             known
             how
             many
             were
             sinfully
             and
             shamefully
             silent
             ;
             and
             others
             ,
             who
             were
             bold
             to
             speak
             ,
             were
             checkt
             by
             their
             Bishops
             for
             it
             .
             The
             other
             is
             ,
             That
             it
             is
             very
             consistent
             to
             be
             against
             the
             Doctrins
             of
             Popery
             ,
             and
             yet
             to
             be
             for
             a
             Toleration
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             against
             their
             being
             under
             the
             hazard
             of
             Penal
             Laws
             for
             their
             Religion
             :
             Whence
             I
             infer
             ,
             That
             his
             Conclusion
             doth
             no
             way
             follow
             from
             his
             Premisses
             .
          
           
             §
             2.
             
             The
             
               Zeal
               that
               some
               of
               the
               Prelatists
               shew'd
               for
               continuance
               of
               the
               Penal
               Laws
               ,
            
             might
             be
             considered
             ,
             either
             with
             respect
             to
             Papists
             ,
             or
             to
             Protestant
             Dissenters
             ,
             who
             might
             have
             ease
             by
             the
             removal
             of
             these
             Laws
             :
             the
             former
             part
             of
             their
             Zeal
             was
             laudable
             ;
             not
             the
             latter
             :
             which
             of
             them
             did
             preponderate
             ,
             we
             are
             left
             to
             guess
             :
             and
             may
             be
             helped
             in
             this
             guess
             ,
             by
             a
             commune
             principle
             ,
             that
             many
             of
             them
             (
             I
             say
             not
             all
             )
             have
             expressed
             ;
             That
             
               they
               had
               far
               rather
               that
               Popery
               should
               prevail
               than
               Presbytery
               :
            
             and
             the
             actings
             of
             the
             chief
             men
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             most
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             do
             correspond
             with
             this
             principle
             at
             this
             day
             .
             What
             are
             the
             sentiments
             of
             the
             Prelatists
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             about
             taking
             off
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             against
             Papists
             ,
             may
             be
             manifestly
             gathered
             (
             unless
             we
             will
             abandon
             all
             argumentation
             and
             the
             rational
             inference
             of
             one
             thing
             from
             another
             )
             if
             we
             consider
             what
             our
             prelatical
             Parliaments
             have
             declared
             ;
             what
             the
             Archbishops
             and
             Bishops
             in
             their
             Letter
             to
             K.
             
               James
               ,
               Nov.
            
             3.
             1688.
             have
             with
             much
             flattery
             said
             ;
             and
             what
             the
             University
             of
             St.
             Andrews
             ,
             in
             their
             Address
             to
             that
             same
             King
             have
             published
             ,
             partly
             of
             their
             adherence
             to
             him
             ,
             while
             the
             subversion
             of
             our
             Laws
             and
             Religion
             was
             not
             secretly
             ,
             but
             visibly
             carrying
             on
             ;
             partly
             of
             that
             absolute
             ,
             irresistable
             and
             despotick
             Power
             that
             they
             ascribe
             to
             him
             ;
             for
             if
             he
             have
             such
             power
             to
             do
             what
             he
             will
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             was
             for
             taking
             off
             the
             the
             force
             of
             these
             Laws
             ,
             (
             as
             they
             cannot
             once
             question
             )
             how
             is
             it
             consistent
             with
             
             that
             unlimited
             obedience
             that
             they
             owe
             to
             such
             a
             Monarch
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             not
             be
             also
             for
             removing
             them
             ?
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               Whether
               the
               Scotch
               Presbyterians
               were
               complyers
               with
               the
               Designs
               for
               taking
               away
               the
               penal
               Laws
               against
               Papists
               ?
            
          
           
             HE
             affirmeth
             it
             :
             We
             deny
             it
             :
             But
             in
             this
             ,
             that
             Scripture
             is
             fulfilled
             ,
             
               Psal.
               55.
               3.
               
               They
               cast
               iniquity
               upon
               me
               ,
               and
               in
               wrath
               they
               hate
               me
               .
            
             Nothing
             in
             this
             Book
             hath
             less
             semblance
             of
             truth
             ,
             and
             more
             evidence
             of
             spite
             than
             this
             .
             And
             in
             nothing
             the
             unfaithfulness
             of
             his
             Party
             ,
             and
             the
             integrity
             of
             the
             Presbyterians
             ,
             did
             more
             appear
             ,
             than
             in
             the
             stir
             that
             was
             about
             taking
             off
             these
             Penal
             Laws
             :
             for
             his
             party
             had
             no
             inducement
             to
             be
             for
             removing
             them
             ,
             except
             to
             please
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             to
             advance
             Popery
             :
             but
             the
             Presbyterians
             (
             especially
             the
             Ministers
             )
             were
             under
             the
             strongest
             temptations
             imaginable
             to
             shew
             themselves
             so
             inclined
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             gain
             the
             favour
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             the
             want
             of
             which
             had
             been
             so
             heavy
             to
             them
             :
             but
             also
             because
             they
             were
             to
             share
             in
             the
             ease
             from
             heavy
             persecution
             ,
             which
             these
             Laws
             had
             brought
             on
             them
             ,
             and
             on
             them
             only
             ;
             (
             for
             these
             Laws
             were
             severely
             executed
             against
             them
             ,
             but
             not
             against
             the
             Papists
             )
             and
             above
             all
             this
             ,
             every
             Presbyterian
             Minister
             in
             Scotland
             was
             liable
             to
             death
             by
             these
             Laws
             :
             none
             had
             observed
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             might
             rationally
             expect
             ,
             that
             the
             Court
             ,
             being
             provoked
             by
             their
             appearing
             for
             their
             continuance
             ,
             might
             cause
             them
             to
             be
             executed
             with
             rigour
             upon
             them
             ;
             notwithstanding
             of
             all
             this
             ,
             they
             took
             their
             lives
             in
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             had
             occasion
             shewed
             themselves
             against
             taking
             off
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             against
             Papists
             ,
             meerly
             out
             of
             conscience
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             zeal
             against
             Popery
             :
             whereas
             the
             other
             Party
             were
             not
             so
             faithful
             ,
             as
             was
             above
             shewed
             .
             Their
             Reasonings
             against
             it
             on
             all
             occasions
             ,
             and
             their
             dealing
             about
             it
             with
             Members
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             are
             well
             known
             ,
             besides
             more
             publick
             witnessing
             against
             it
             ,
             as
             they
             had
             occasion
             .
             Neither
             can
             it
             be
             made
             appear
             (
             for
             any
             thing
             that
             I
             could
             ever
             learn
             )
             that
             any
             one
             Minister
             of
             our
             way
             was
             of
             another
             sentiment
             :
             and
             for
             others
             ,
             two
             or
             three
             ,
             or
             a
             very
             few
             instances
             of
             many
             thousands
             ,
             is
             all
             that
             can
             be
             given
             .
          
           
             §
             2.
             
             To
             prove
             his
             Conclusion
             ,
             viz.
             That
             the
             Presbyterians
             were
             for
             taking
             away
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             against
             Papists
             ,
             he
             bringeth
             two
             Arguments
             ,
             which
             a
             man
             pretending
             to
             reason
             ,
             might
             be
             ashamed
             to
             use
             :
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             
               They
               accepted
               ,
               and
               gave
               thanks
               for
               the
               Indulgence
               ,
               notwithstanding
               that
               they
               knew
               that
               all
               the
               designs
               of
               Court
               were
               for
               advancing
               of
               Popery
               .
               Answ.
            
             They
             accepted
             an
             Indulgence
             for
             themselves
             ,
             and
             gave
             thanks
             for
             that
             alone
             :
             which
             was
             their
             due
             by
             Christ's
             grant
             ,
             and
             which
             had
             injuriously
             been
             withheld
             from
             them
             :
             but
             that
             to
             the
             Papists
             ,
             they
             were
             no
             further
             concern'd
             in
             ,
             than
             to
             lament
             it
             ;
             which
             they
             did
             :
             and
             witnessed
             against
             it
             as
             they
             had
             occasion
             :
             For
             the
             designs
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             it
             was
             not
             their
             part
             to
             consider
             them
             ,
             further
             than
             to
             endeavour
             to
             disappoint
             them
             ;
             which
             they
             did
             to
             the
             uttermost
             of
             their
             power
             ,
             both
             by
             warning
             and
             principling
             the
             people
             a-against
             Popery
             :
             and
             also
             by
             doing
             what
             they
             could
             to
             keep
             the
             Laws
             standing
             in
             force
             against
             Papists
             .
             It
             had
             been
             a
             strange
             thing
             ,
             if
             they
             should
             have
             been
             backward
             to
             preach
             and
             hear
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             when
             a
             door
             was
             opened
             for
             it
             ,
             because
             some
             men
             had
             a
             design
             against
             the
             Gospel
             in
             their
             opening
             of
             it
             .
             Surely
             their
             silence
             
             and
             peevish
             refusing
             on
             that
             occasion
             had
             been
             much
             to
             the
             hurt
             of
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             for
             then
             Papists
             (
             who
             would
             not
             fail
             to
             use
             the
             liberty
             ,
             for
             their
             part
             )
             should
             have
             had
             the
             fairest
             occasion
             imaginable
             to
             mislead
             the
             people
             ,
             without
             any
             to
             oppose
             them
             ;
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             their
             using
             of
             the
             liberty
             was
             the
             great
             mean
             by
             which
             (
             with
             the
             blessing
             of
             the
             Lord
             )
             so
             very
             few
             ,
             during
             that
             time
             of
             liberty
             ,
             were
             perverted
             to
             Popery
             in
             this
             Nation
             :
             and
             they
             that
             were
             so
             drawn
             away
             ,
             were
             none
             of
             our
             party
             .
             We
             have
             cause
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             if
             we
             had
             refused
             to
             use
             this
             liberty
             ,
             this
             Man
             ,
             and
             his
             Party
             ,
             would
             have
             lashed
             us
             with
             their
             tongues
             for
             so
             doing
             ,
             as
             they
             now
             do
             for
             the
             contrary
             :
             for
             they
             did
             so
             by
             some
             ,
             who
             in
             former
             years
             refused
             to
             use
             a
             liberty
             granted
             ;
             which
             we
             all
             know
             was
             designed
             for
             the
             same
             end
             .
             But
             we
             expect
             not
             that
             we
             shall
             be
             able
             to
             please
             them
             ,
             whatever
             course
             we
             take
             .
          
           
             §
             3.
             
             His
             second
             Argument
             is
             notoriously
             false
             ,
             in
             all
             the
             parts
             and
             circumstances
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             I
             affirm
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             that
             knoweth
             our
             affairs
             shall
             not
             find
             one
             word
             of
             truth
             in
             all
             his
             long
             Paragraph
             that
             he
             hath
             p.
             24.
             
             That
             
               they
               were
               silent
               against
               Popery
               in
            
             K.
             James
             '
             
               s
               time
            
             ,
             is
             grosly
             and
             notoriously
             false
             ;
             it
             is
             true
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             thought
             the
             best
             Antidote
             against
             liberty
             for
             Popery
             (
             and
             other
             sinful
             Ways
             )
             to
             be
             a
             sound
             work
             of
             grace
             in
             the
             Soul
             ,
             and
             ingaging
             people
             to
             be
             seriously
             religious
             ,
             and
             therefore
             insisted
             mainly
             on
             such
             subjects
             :
             yet
             did
             not
             neglect
             to
             instruct
             people
             in
             the
             controverted
             points
             of
             our
             Religion
             ,
             nor
             to
             hold
             forth
             the
             evil
             and
             danger
             of
             Popery
             in
             particular
             .
             For
             what
             he
             saith
             of
             the
             Reverend
             and
             Worthy
             Dr.
             Hardy
             ,
             who
             preached
             faithfully
             against
             Popery
             ,
             that
             
               his
               Brethren
               either
               blamed
               him
               ,
               or
               disowned
               him
               ,
            
             is
             most
             false
             ;
             they
             did
             often
             visit
             him
             in
             the
             Prison
             ,
             which
             I
             had
             from
             his
             own
             mouth
             ;
             that
             Episcopal
             Advocates
             and
             Judges
             pleaded
             for
             him
             and
             acquitted
             him
             ,
             was
             no
             more
             but
             what
             the
             one
             ought
             to
             do
             for
             their
             Hire
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             were
             bound
             to
             by
             their
             Places
             :
             they
             acquitted
             an
             innocent
             man
             when
             no
             crime
             was
             proved
             against
             him
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             IX
             .
          
           
             
               Whether
               Scottish
               Presbytery
               in
               the
               Church
               ,
               be
               consistent
               with
               the
               Legal
               Monarchy
               in
               that
               Kingdom
               ?
            
          
           
             IF
             this
             Author
             knew
             us
             ;
             he
             would
             not
             move
             this
             Question
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             did
             not
             hate
             us
             ,
             and
             not
             resolved
             to
             
               say
               all
               manner
               of
               evil
               against
               us
               ,
            
             right
             or
             wrong
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             (
             as
             he
             doth
             )
             resolve
             it
             in
             the
             Negative
             .
             We
             have
             no
             other
             proofs
             of
             the
             falshood
             of
             what
             he
             asserteth
             ,
             but
             1.
             
             Experience
             ;
             which
             sheweth
             that
             in
             many
             Ages
             (
             in
             which
             Presbytery
             hath
             had
             place
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             shewed
             above
             )
             it
             did
             well
             consist
             with
             the
             legal
             Monarchy
             of
             it
             .
             And
             2.
             that
             he
             (
             nor
             none
             else
             )
             cannot
             shew
             what
             principle
             of
             Presbyterian
             Government
             ,
             nor
             what
             practice
             of
             Presbyterians
             (
             that
             is
             commune
             to
             them
             all
             ,
             or
             generally
             )
             is
             inconsistent
             with
             Monarchical
             Government
             ,
             as
             it
             hath
             been
             by
             Law
             owned
             in
             this
             Nation
             .
             We
             deny
             not
             but
             there
             have
             been
             some
             things
             acted
             by
             men
             of
             our
             Principles
             ,
             in
             their
             Zeal
             for
             Religion
             ,
             which
             we
             do
             resolve
             not
             to
             imitate
             ;
             and
             tho'
             we
             can
             clear
             them
             from
             that
             degree
             of
             blame
             that
             the
             malice
             of
             their
             enemies
             casteth
             on
             them
             ,
             and
             particularly
             from
             being
             no
             friends
             to
             Monarchy
             ,
             and
             unfaithful
             to
             their
             Kings
             ;
             yet
             we
             hope
             the
             excesses
             that
             have
             been
             in
             former
             Ages
             ,
             while
             both
             parties
             were
             overheated
             in
             their
             contendings
             ,
             will
             be
             a
             mean
             to
             teach
             more
             moderation
             to
             this
             and
             following
             Generations
             .
             Let
             us
             then
             hear
             what
             he
             hath
             to
             say
             for
             this
             his
             most
             
             absurd
             ,
             malicious
             ,
             and
             false
             Position
             .
             After
             I
             have
             told
             the
             Reader
             ,
             that
             the
             only
             thing
             that
             can
             with
             any
             shew
             give
             rise
             to
             such
             an
             apprehension
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             Presbyterians
             ,
             being
             generally
             the
             more
             conscientious
             part
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             could
             not
             comply
             with
             the
             lusts
             of
             some
             of
             their
             Rulers
             ,
             nor
             subject
             the
             interest
             of
             Religion
             to
             their
             will
             ,
             while
             others
             were
             ready
             to
             abandon
             Law
             ,
             Religion
             ,
             and
             Reason
             ,
             to
             please
             Men
             :
             who
             ,
             in
             recompence
             of
             this
             ,
             did
             exalt
             them
             above
             their
             Brethren
             .
          
           
             §
             2.
             
             What
             he
             asserteth
             he
             offereth
             to
             prove
             ,
             from
             the
             opposition
             of
             the
             Covenant
             to
             Acts
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             the
             latter
             giving
             to
             the
             King
             what
             the
             former
             taketh
             from
             him
             .
             The
             first
             thing
             that
             he
             bringeth
             as
             an
             instance
             of
             this
             is
             ,
             That
             
               Par.
               1.
               ch
               .
               2.
               
               Act
               2.
               it
               is
               the
               King's
               prerogative
               to
               chuse
               Officers
               of
               State
               ,
               Counsellors
               ,
               Iudges
               ;
               but
               the
               Covenant
               maketh
               this
               the
               prerogative
               of
               the
               Kirk
               ,
               in
               that
               Art.
               4.
               we
               swear
               to
               discover
               evil
               instruments
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               be
               brought
               to
               tryal
            
             ;
             and
             confirmeth
             it
             ,
             that
             Anno
             1648.
             it
             is
             asserted
             by
             the
             Church
             ,
             that
             
               Duties
               between
               King
               and
               Subjects
               are
               the
               subject
               of
               Ministerial
               Doctrine
               ,
            
             (
             for
             what
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             
               the
               Kirk
               must
               be
               as
               infallible
               in
               this
               as
               at
               Rome
            
             ;
             I
             pass
             it
             as
             the
             froth
             of
             a
             malicious
             mind
             ,
             void
             of
             reason
             )
             .
             A.
             1.
             
             These
             passages
             were
             20
             or
             some
             fewer
             years
             before
             the
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             cited
             :
             how
             then
             can
             they
             be
             charged
             as
             taking
             from
             the
             King
             what
             he
             had
             not
             by
             those
             Acts
             for
             so
             many
             years
             after
             ?
             But
             this
             is
             but
             a
             small
             escape
             in
             this
             learned
             Writer
             .
             2.
             
             Will
             any
             man
             of
             sense
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             power
             of
             chusing
             Officers
             is
             taken
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             because
             Subjects
             are
             obliged
             to
             discover
             and
             complain
             of
             ill
             men
             ,
             or
             because
             Churchmen
             may
             tell
             Kings
             and
             Subjects
             their
             duties
             ?
             such
             reasonings
             are
             to
             be
             hissed
             at
             ,
             not
             answered
             :
             Hath
             a
             man
             lost
             the
             priviledge
             of
             chusing
             his
             own
             servant
             ,
             because
             his
             son
             may
             tell
             him
             he
             hath
             hired
             a
             very
             bad
             man
             ?
             Another
             Argument
             he
             bringeth
             is
             yet
             more
             ridiculous
             :
             
               It
               is
               the
               King's
               prerogative
               to
               call
               Parliaments
               ;
               but
               Scotch
               Presbyterians
               hold
               ,
               that
               the
               power
               of
               calling
               Assemblies
               ,
               doth
               not
               flow
               immediately
               from
               the
               King
               ,
               but
               from
               Christ.
            
             Answ.
             
               Baculus
               est
               in
               angulo
               ergo
               petrus
               stat
            
             ;
             is
             just
             as
             concludent
             :
             What
             affinity
             is
             there
             between
             the
             King's
             power
             of
             calling
             Parliaments
             ,
             and
             the
             Churches
             having
             no
             power
             to
             call
             Assemblies
             for
             Religious
             Matters
             ?
             We
             deny
             not
             power
             to
             the
             King
             even
             to
             call
             Church-Assemblies
             ;
             neither
             will
             we
             call
             any
             in
             contempt
             of
             the
             Magistrate
             ;
             but
             we
             maintain
             ,
             that
             the
             Church
             hath
             from
             Christ
             an
             intrinsick
             power
             to
             convene
             about
             his
             Matters
             ,
             tho'
             the
             Magistrate
             should
             neglect
             to
             call
             them
             :
             but
             we
             confidently
             deny
             that
             the
             Church
             of
             Scotland
             ever
             did
             (
             or
             thought
             it
             fit
             to
             be
             done
             )
             call
             an
             Assembly
             without
             the
             authority
             of
             their
             King
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             a
             friend
             to
             true
             Religion
             .
             Let
             him
             shew
             us
             what
             Magistrate
             called
             the
             Council
             that
             is
             mentioned
             Acts
             15.
             
             Another
             Argument
             he
             taketh
             from
             the
             
               King's
               power
               of
               dissolving
               Parliaments
               ,
               inconsistent
               with
               which
               ,
            
             he
             saith
             ,
             
               is
               the
               2d
               Article
               of
               the
               Covenant
               ,
            
             (
             he
             should
             have
             said
             the
             3d
             Article
             )
             
               where
               we
               bind
               to
               maintain
               the
               priviledges
               of
               Parliament
               ;
               one
               of
               which
               is
               ,
               the
               General
               Assembly
               ,
            
             1648.
             declareth
             
               against
               the
               Negative
               Vote
               in
               Parliament
               .
               Answ.
            
             Could
             any
             other-man
             have
             made
             such
             an
             inference
             ,
             unless
             Presbyterians
             had
             declared
             that
             it
             is
             not
             in
             the
             King's
             power
             to
             dissolve
             a
             Parliament
             ,
             but
             they
             may
             sit
             as
             long
             as
             they
             will
             :
             which
             never
             was
             said
             ,
             nor
             imagined
             ;
             for
             the
             General
             Assembly
             ,
             1648.
             denying
             to
             the
             King
             a
             
               Negative
               Vote
               in
               Parliament
            
             :
             this
             doth
             not
             concern
             the
             sitting
             of
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             but
             the
             validity
             of
             their
             decisions
             while
             they
             sit
             ;
             also
             they
             say
             very
             little
             to
             this
             purpose
             ,
             only
             in
             their
             Declaration
             ,
             July
             31.
             they
             say
             ,
             
               that
               they
               see
               not
               how
               the
               priviledges
               of
               Parliaments
               ,
               and
               the
               King
               's
               Negative
               Vote
               can
               consist
            
             ;
             I
             wish
             
             this
             had
             been
             left
             to
             the
             cognition
             of
             Politicians
             .
             But
             what
             the
             Assembly
             there
             says
             ,
             was
             not
             their
             sentiment
             only
             ,
             but
             of
             the
             Parliaments
             both
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             at
             that
             time
             ;
             so
             that
             his
             inference
             is
             no
             better
             against
             Scotch
             Presbytery
             ,
             than
             if
             he
             had
             asserted
             the
             inconsistency
             of
             Parliaments
             in
             both
             Nations
             with
             the
             Legal
             Monarchy
             .
             That
             was
             a
             time
             when
             Debates
             about
             Prerogative
             and
             Priviledge
             had
             issued
             in
             a
             bloody
             War
             ;
             the
             result
             of
             which
             was
             the
             ruin
             of
             both
             :
             Whereas
             now
             the
             King's
             Prerogative
             and
             the
             the
             Priviledges
             of
             Parliament
             being
             setled
             and
             acknowledged
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             's
             Negative
             Vote
             owned
             by
             all
             ,
             none
             do
             more
             chearfully
             submit
             to
             the
             Legal
             Establishment
             in
             these
             things
             than
             the
             Presbyterians
             do
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             3.
             
             He
             saith
             ,
             
               The
               Covenant
               depriveth
               the
               King
               of
               the
               power
               of
               making
               Laws
               ,
               because
               Covenanters
               swear
               to
               continue
               in
               the
               Covenant
               all
               their
               days
               against
               all
               opposition
               .
            
             A
             goodly
             Consequence
             indeed
             :
             We
             swear
             not
             to
             obey
             sinful
             Laws
             ;
             ergo
             ,
             the
             King
             and
             Parliament
             may
             make
             no
             Laws
             at
             all
             .
             What
             he
             alledgeth
             in
             further
             proof
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Assembly
            
             July
             28.
             1648.
             
               declared
               against
               an
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               &
               Committee
               of
               Estates
               ,
               dated
               in
            
             June
             
               the
               same
               Year
               ,
               and
               in
               general
               against
               all
               others
               made
               in
               the
               Common
               Cause
               without
               consent
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
            
             is
             as
             little
             to
             the
             purpose
             :
             For
             it
             is
             not
             the
             same
             thing
             to
             declare
             the
             Laws
             of
             Christ
             condemning
             the
             sinful
             Laws
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             to
             affirm
             ,
             that
             Men
             may
             make
             no
             Laws
             without
             the
             Churches
             consent
             ;
             neither
             will
             we
             plead
             for
             every
             thing
             that
             hath
             been
             acted
             .
             Notwithstanding
             I
             hope
             Presbyterians
             will
             learn
             to
             give
             all
             due
             deference
             to
             the
             Publick
             Acts
             of
             the
             State
             ,
             even
             when
             they
             cannot
             comply
             nor
             give
             obedience
             to
             them
             .
             He
             further
             Argueth
             ,
             
               That
               they
               deny
               to
               the
               King
               the
               Prerogative
               of
               making
               Leagues
               and
               Conventions
               of
               the
               Subjects
               ,
               because
               the
               Covenant
               was
               taken
               without
               the
               King.
            
             This
             was
             no
             Act
             of
             Presbyterian
             Government
             ,
             but
             an
             Act
             of
             the
             Estates
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             of
             all
             Ranks
             ;
             and
             this
             they
             thought
             to
             be
             necessary
             for
             securing
             of
             their
             Religion
             from
             Popish
             Adversaries
             ,
             who
             designed
             to
             overturn
             it
             ,
             as
             afterward
             appeared
             ,
             when
             the
             Design
             was
             more
             ripe
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             fit
             to
             bring
             it
             more
             above
             board
             .
             He
             proveth
             also
             that
             Scotch
             Presbyterians
             are
             against
             this
             Prerogative
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             because
             June
             3.
             1648.
             
             
               The
               Assembly
               declareth
               against
               the
               Bond
               subscribed
               by
               the
            
             Scotch
             
               Lords
               at
            
             Oxford
             ,
             
               and
               inflicteth
               the
               highest
               Ecclesiastical
               Censures
               against
               them
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               had
               a
               hand
               in
               it
               .
               Answ.
            
             Sure
             he
             could
             not
             obtrude
             this
             on
             the
             belief
             of
             any
             ,
             unless
             he
             had
             been
             confident
             that
             what
             he
             saith
             would
             never
             be
             examined
             :
             For
             in
             that
             Act
             of
             the
             Assembly
             there
             is
             nothing
             like
             condemning
             the
             King's
             calling
             his
             Subjects
             together
             ;
             but
             their
             condemning
             of
             a
             wicked
             Act
             that
             some
             of
             them
             (
             being
             but
             in
             a
             private
             capacity
             )
             did
             when
             they
             were
             together
             .
             For
             this
             Bond
             was
             not
             framed
             nor
             signed
             by
             any
             Parliament
             ,
             or
             other
             Representative
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             called
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             by
             a
             few
             Lords
             sojourning
             out
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             who
             met
             and
             condemned
             what
             was
             done
             at
             home
             by
             the
             Representatives
             of
             the
             whole
             Nation
             .
             This
             Bond
             was
             sent
             to
             the
             Assembly
             by
             the
             Convention
             of
             Estates
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             as
             the
             Act
             it self
             saith
             ,
             that
             the
             Assembly
             might
             give
             their
             Opinion
             about
             it
             ;
             and
             they
             declared
             the
             wickedness
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             appointed
             Church-censures
             against
             the
             guilty
             :
             What
             is
             there
             in
             all
             this
             that
             is
             derogatory
             from
             the
             King's
             Prerogative
             of
             Convening
             his
             Subjects
             ?
          
           
             §
             .
             4.
             
             His
             last
             Effort
             to
             prove
             the
             inconsistency
             of
             Monarchy
             and
             Presbytery
             is
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Presbyterians
               deny
               the
               King's
               Prerogative
               of
               making
               Peace
               and
               War
               :
            
             Which
             he
             proveth
             ,
             because
             
               the
               Assembly
            
             1645.
             
             Feb.
             12.
             
               declare
               them
               guilty
               of
               sin
               ,
               and
               censurable
               ,
               who
               did
               not
               contribute
               to
               carry
               on
               the
               War.
               Answ.
            
             All
             that
             the
             
             Church
             did
             in
             this
             was
             ,
             That
             in
             a
             solemn
             warning
             to
             all
             the
             People
             of
             all
             Ranks
             ,
             for
             convincing
             them
             of
             sin
             ,
             and
             pointing
             out
             their
             Duty
             to
             them
             ,
             among
             other
             Duties
             ,
             such
             as
             Repentance
             ,
             Reformation
             ,
             &c.
             they
             held
             it
             forth
             as
             a
             Duty
             for
             People
             to
             obey
             the
             Orders
             of
             the
             Estates
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             toward
             their
             own
             Defence
             when
             a
             bloody
             Army
             of
             barbarous
             Irish-men
             was
             in
             their
             Bowels
             .
             If
             this
             his
             Argument
             can
             cast
             any
             blame
             on
             Presbyterians
             ,
             't
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             cases
             in
             which
             they
             allow
             the
             States
             and
             Body
             of
             the
             Nation
             to
             resist
             the
             King
             so
             far
             ,
             as
             to
             hinder
             him
             to
             root
             out
             the
             Religion
             that
             is
             by
             Law
             established
             among
             them
             :
             And
             one
             should
             think
             that
             he
             might
             have
             been
             by
             this
             time
             convinced
             that
             this
             is
             not
             peculiar
             to
             Presbyterians
             ,
             but
             that
             all
             the
             Protestants
             in
             Britain
             are
             engaged
             in
             the
             same
             thing
             .
             Nor
             can
             Papists
             reproach
             Protestants
             with
             it
             ,
             for
             their
             Principles
             runneth
             yet
             higher
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUEST
             .
             X.
             
          
           
             HE
             hath
             said
             so
             much
             to
             little
             purpose
             ,
             he
             is
             now
             come
             to
             his
             last
             Effort
             ,
             which
             doth
             evidently
             shew
             a
             fainting
             Cause
             ,
             but
             strong
             and
             growing
             Confidence
             :
             For
             he
             Querieth
             ,
          
           
             Whether
             Scottish
             
               Presbytery
               be
               agreeable
               to
               the
               general
               Inclinations
               of
               that
               People
               ?
            
          
           
             This
             he
             denyeth
             ;
             we
             affirm
             it
             ,
             and
             wish
             the
             matter
             could
             be
             put
             to
             the
             Poll
             among
             them
             that
             are
             sober
             ,
             and
             that
             do
             any
             way
             concern
             themselves
             in
             Religion
             :
             We
             do
             not
             grudge
             them
             a
             multitude
             of
             debauched
             Persons
             ,
             who
             hate
             Presbytery
             ,
             as
             the
             Curb
             of
             their
             Lusts
             ,
             and
             love
             the
             other
             way
             ,
             under
             which
             they
             might
             be
             as
             bad
             as
             they
             would
             ,
             without
             a
             check
             ;
             tho'
             others
             could
             not
             be
             so
             good
             as
             they
             should
             without
             Persecution
             ,
             or
             being
             discountenanced
             :
             tho'
             there
             want
             not
             a
             great
             many
             even
             of
             such
             that
             never
             liked
             Prelacy
             ,
             tho'
             they
             could
             comply
             with
             it
             .
             Let
             us
             also
             set
             aside
             a
             sort
             of
             Men
             ,
             who
             had
             their
             dependence
             on
             the
             Court
             ,
             or
             on
             the
             Prelates
             ,
             and
             could
             advance
             their
             Interests
             that
             way
             .
             Let
             us
             seclude
             also
             from
             this
             reckoning
             ,
             the
             Popishly
             affected
             ,
             who
             were
             but
             Protestants
             in
             Masquerade
             ;
             and
             tho'
             we
             deny
             not
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             be
             found
             both
             among
             the
             Ministers
             and
             People
             some
             sober
             and
             religious
             Persons
             ,
             who
             are
             conscientiously
             for
             Prelacy
             ,
             yet
             these
             are
             so
             few
             in
             Scotland
             (
             and
             were
             much
             fewer
             before
             1662.
             since
             which
             time
             some
             have
             been
             bred
             to
             it
             )
             that
             not
             one
             of
             many
             hundreds
             or
             thousands
             is
             to
             be
             found
             ;
             and
             it
             hath
             been
             in
             all
             Ages
             (
             out
             of
             Popery
             )
             seen
             ,
             that
             so
             strong
             and
             universal
             is
             the
             inclination
             of
             People
             against
             Prelacy
             ,
             that
             it
             never
             was
             brought
             in
             but
             by
             force
             and
             fraud
             ,
             and
             never
             had
             long
             peaceable
             possession
             in
             this
             Nation
             :
             So
             that
             it
             is
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             not
             a
             few
             wise
             Men
             in
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             who
             have
             no
             Zeal
             for
             Presbytery
             it self
             ,
             yet
             are
             for
             its
             being
             setled
             here
             ,
             as
             knowing
             that
             no
             other
             Church-Government
             can
             suit
             the
             Genius
             of
             this
             People
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             2.
             
             The
             Proofs
             that
             our
             Author
             bringeth
             for
             his
             Assertion
             are
             strangely
             inconsequential
             ;
             he
             will
             not
             say
             ,
             That
             
               the
               inclinations
               of
               the
               Nation
               Representative
               is
               for
               Prelacy
               ,
            
             lest
             he
             be
             found
             guilty
             of
             Leesing-making
             ,
             a
             Crime
             that
             he
             often
             talketh
             of
             ,
             and
             it
             seems
             hath
             well
             studied
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sometime
             strained
             his
             Wit
             about
             ;
             but
             he
             will
             prove
             it
             
               of
               the
               body
               diffusive
               of
               the
               people
            
             ;
             and
             first
             ,
             of
             the
             
               Nobility
               ,
               because
               Presbytery
               is
               against
               Monarchy
               ,
               and
               they
               own
               it
               .
            
             This
             is
             answered
             .
             2.
             
             Because
             
               they
               have
               taken
               the
               Test
               and
               Declaration
               .
               Answ.
            
             He
             confesseth
             some
             Peers
             took
             neither
             ;
             and
             they
             that
             did
             take
             them
             ,
             did
             not
             by
             that
             shew
             their
             inclination
             so
             much
             ,
             as
             what
             they
             thought
             fit
             to
             comply
             with
             ,
             rather
             than
             suffer
             ;
             how
             many
             of
             these
             ,
             
             now
             when
             there
             is
             no
             force
             on
             them
             ,
             show
             that
             it
             was
             not
             choice
             ,
             but
             necessity
             ,
             that
             led
             them
             that
             way
             ;
             and
             many
             who
             seem
             to
             make
             Conscience
             of
             these
             Bonds
             ,
             yet
             shew
             no
             inclination
             to
             the
             thing
             that
             they
             are
             bound
             to
             ,
             except
             by
             the
             constraint
             that
             they
             have
             brought
             themselves
             under
             .
             The
             Gentry
             he
             will
             also
             have
             to
             be
             
               inclined
               to
               Prelacy
               ,
               because
               they
               have
               taken
               the
               Test
            
             ;
             which
             is
             answered
             :
             and
             because
             
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               when
               liberty
               was
               granted
               ,
               went
               not
               to
               Meeting-houses
               .
            
             A
             silly
             Argument
             ,
             for
             many
             did
             go
             ,
             and
             most
             other
             clave
             to
             the
             former
             way
             ,
             because
             the
             Law
             stood
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Meetings
             seemed
             to
             be
             of
             uncertain
             continuance
             ,
             but
             how
             few
             of
             them
             now
             refuse
             to
             hear
             the
             Presbyterians
             ?
             The
             Test
             is
             still
             the
             Argument
             ,
             the
             Burgesses
             
               must
               be
               Episcopal
               ,
               because
               many
               of
               them
               took
               it
               .
            
             Also
             ,
             
               because
               of
               the
               rivers
               of
               tears
               shed
               at
               the
               Farewel-Sermons
               of
               their
               Episcopal
               Ministers
               .
            
             O
             horrid
             Impudence
             !
             Scotland
             knoweth
             that
             where
             one
             was
             grieved
             ,
             multitudes
             rejoyced
             ,
             others
             carried
             indifferently
             ,
             at
             the
             removal
             of
             the
             few
             of
             the
             men
             who
             as
             yet
             have
             been
             laid
             aside
             ;
             for
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             we
             yield
             him
             all
             the
             gang
             ,
             except
             a
             few
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             the
             more
             sober
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             declare
             ,
             that
             they
             never
             liked
             Prelacy
             as
             it
             was
             established
             ,
             tho'
             they
             thought
             it
             Lawful
             to
             Preach
             under
             it
             .
             The
             ability
             and
             worth
             of
             the
             Presbyterian
             Ministers
             he
             laboureth
             to
             ridicule
             ,
             but
             from
             such
             Topicks
             as
             are
             fitter
             to
             be
             despised
             than
             answered
             .
             Our
             three
             Commissioners
             sent
             to
             
               London
               ,
               Anno
            
             1689.
             (
             the
             former
             three
             he
             thinketh
             not
             worthy
             of
             his
             notice
             )
             he
             maketh
             to
             be
             the
             Standard
             of
             Presbyterian
             abilities
             :
             they
             are
             able
             to
             abide
             his
             censure
             ,
             and
             to
             compete
             with
             most
             of
             his
             party
             ;
             but
             he
             might
             know
             ,
             that
             among
             us
             many
             are
             infirm
             thro'
             Age
             and
             long
             Hardships
             ,
             who
             are
             of
             eminent
             Abilities
             ;
             others
             are
             fixed
             in
             such
             Charges
             ,
             where
             their
             labour
             could
             not
             be
             wanted
             for
             so
             long
             a
             time
             :
             and
             what
             he
             objecteth
             against
             them
             who
             were
             sent
             is
             of
             no
             weight
             ;
             the
             first
             ,
             that
             he
             once
             complyed
             ,
             is
             most
             false
             :
             he
             resisted
             great
             Temptations
             to
             such
             complyance
             ,
             and
             bare
             faithful
             Testimony
             against
             it
             .
             The
             second
             suffered
             for
             his
             Principles
             in
             the
             time
             of
             a
             sad
             Division
             in
             this
             Church
             .
             The
             third
             is
             no
             obscure
             Person
             ,
             tho'
             unknown
             to
             this
             Pamphleter
             ,
             from
             whom
             ,
             when
             things
             went
             as
             he
             wished
             ,
             good
             Men
             hid
             themselves
             ,
             as
             from
             a
             Persecutor
             .
             We
             can
             also
             yield
             to
             him
             the
             Universities
             and
             Colledge
             of
             Justice
             ,
             as
             lately
             stated
             ;
             seeing
             none
             had
             access
             to
             such
             places
             but
             they
             who
             were
             Episcopal
             :
             For
             the
             Physicians
             ,
             there
             are
             not
             a
             few
             worthy
             Men
             of
             that
             Faculty
             ,
             who
             are
             far
             from
             inclinations
             toward
             Prelacy
             .
             It
             is
             a
             new
             Topick
             ,
             not
             often
             used
             before
             ,
             That
             such
             a
             way
             of
             Religion
             is
             the
             best
             ,
             because
             most
             of
             the
             Physicians
             and
             Lawyers
             are
             of
             it
             :
             This
             his
             Discourse
             will
             equally
             prove
             that
             Popery
             is
             preferrable
             to
             Protestantism
             ;
             for
             in
             
               France
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               &c.
            
             not
             the
             multitude
             only
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             Church-men
             ,
             the
             Universities
             ,
             the
             Physicians
             and
             Lawyers
             are
             of
             that
             way
             .
             I
             conclude
             this
             our
             Debate
             about
             the
             Inclinations
             of
             the
             people
             of
             this
             Nation
             to
             Presbytery
             ,
             with
             an
             Observation
             made
             by
             the
             late
             King
             James
             ,
             when
             Duke
             of
             York
             ,
             and
             in
             Scotland
             ;
             hearing
             of
             divers
             persons
             of
             Quality
             ,
             who
             on
             their
             Death-bed
             called
             for
             the
             Assistance
             of
             Presbyterian
             Ministers
             ,
             and
             refused
             others
             ,
             though
             they
             had
             in
             their
             life
             been
             either
             regardless
             of
             such
             Ministers
             ,
             or
             persecutors
             of
             them
             ,
             he
             said
             ,
             That
             the
             Scots
             ,
             in
             whatever
             Religion
             they
             lived
             ,
             yet
             generally
             they
             died
             Presbyterians
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           ☞
           
             The
             History
             of
             the
             Affairs
             and
             late
             Revolution
             of
          
           Scotland
           :
           
             With
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             Extraordinary
             Occurrences
             which
             happened
             thereupon
             ,
             and
             the
             setling
             of
             the
             Church-Government
             there
             .
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           line
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           dele
           exit
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           read
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           P.
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           read
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           l.
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           dele
           well
           ,
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           will.
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           l.
           21.
           
             or
             against
             Popery
          
           ,
           read
           
             against
             a
             Liberty
             for
             Popery
          
           .
           l.
           42
           for
           
             and
             not
             resolved
          
           ,
           read
           
             for
             and
             were
             not
             resolved
          
           .
        
      
       
         
           
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           THE
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           ,
           with
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           and
           Means
           by
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           it
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           .
           Together
           with
           a
           particular
           Account
           of
           the
           Extraordinary
           Occurrences
           which
           happened
           thereupon
           .
           As
           likewise
           the
           Settlement
           of
           both
           the
           Kingdoms
           under
           their
           most
           Serene
           Majesties
           King
           William
           and
           Queen
           
             Mary
             .
             Octavo
          
           .
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           :
           To
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           the
           Dauphine
           :
           Or
           ,
           the
           Secret
           History
           of
           the
           French
           King.
           Proving
           to
           his
           Son
           ,
           That
           there
           is
           no
           other
           way
           to
           secure
           France
           from
           the
           approaching
           Ruine
           ,
           but
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           Deposing
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           Dreams
           .
           Unfolded
           by
           
             Tho.
             Tryon
          
           ,
           Student
           in
           Physick
           .
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           .
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           s.
           
        
         
           A
           Collection
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           relating
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           Miscellany
           Poems
           ,
           viz.
           1.
           
           Remarks
           on
           the
           Death
           of
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           .
           2.
           
           On
           the
           Succession
           of
           King
           James
           the
           Second
           .
           3.
           
           Upon
           Faith.
           4.
           
           Upon
           Patience
           .
           5.
           
           Upon
           Ambition
           .
           6.
           
           To
           the
           University
           of
           Oxford
           .
           7.
           
           The
           Soul
           to
           a
           Good
           Conscience
           .
           8.
           
           The
           Soul
           to
           a
           Bad
           Conscience
           .
           Quarto
           .
           Price
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           The
           Declaration
           and
           Manifesto
           of
           the
           Protestants
           of
           the
           Vallies
           of
           Piedmont
           ,
           called
           the
           Vaudois
           ,
           to
           all
           Christian
           Princes
           and
           States
           ,
           of
           the
           Reasons
           of
           their
           Taking
           up
           Arms
           Just
           now
           ,
           against
           the
           Duke
           of
           Savoy
           ;
           and
           why
           they
           have
           put
           themselves
           under
           the
           Protection
           of
           William
           ,
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Evangelical
           Cantons
           of
           
             Suitzerland
             .
             Quarto
          
           .
           Price
           2
           d.
           
        
         
           Remarks
           upon
           the
           Dream
           of
           the
           late
           Abdicated
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           upon
           that
           of
           Madam
           the
           Dutchess
           of
           
             La
             Valiere
          
           ,
           late
           Mistress
           to
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           and
           now
           Nun
           of
           the
           Order
           of
           
             Bare-footed
             Carmelites
          
           at
           Paris
           .
           By
           Monsieur
           
           Gurne's
           Author
           of
           the
           
             Harmony
             of
             Prophesies
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           Being
           the
           Paper
           the
           Publisher
           whereof
           was
           Condemned
           last
           Month
           to
           be
           Broken
           alive
           upon
           the
           Wheel
           ,
           by
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Roan
           .
           Done
           from
           the
           French
           Copy
           ,
           Printed
           at
           
             Amsterdam
             .
             Quarto
          
           .
           Price
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           Several
           Discourses
           and
           Characters
           ,
           address'd
           to
           the
           Ladies
           of
           the
           Age.
           Wherein
           the
           Vanities
           of
           the
           Modish
           Women
           are
           discovered
           .
           Written
           at
           the
           Request
           of
           a
           Lady
           ,
           by
           a
           Person
           of
           Honour
           .
           Octavo
           .
           Price
           2
           s.
           
        
         
           Arithmetical
           Rules
           ,
           with
           Examples
           ;
           briefly
           comprised
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           Apprentices
           especially
           ,
           &c.
           Twelves
           .
           Price
           1
           s.