The re-examination of two of the articles abridged: to wit, of the communicants gesture in the act of receaving, eating, and drinking: and The observation of festivall dayes
         Calderwood, David, 1575-1650.
      
       
         
           1636
        
      
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             The re-examination of two of the articles abridged: to wit, of the communicants gesture in the act of receaving, eating, and drinking: and The observation of festivall dayes
             Calderwood, David, 1575-1650.
             Cowper, William, 1568-1619. Passage of Master William Cowper pretended bishop of Gallway, his sermon delivered before the estates, anno 1606. at which time hee was minister at Perth.
          
           63, [1] p.
           
             s.n.],
             [Holland? :
             Printed anno 1636.
          
           
             By David Calderwood.
             Place of publication conjectured by STC.
             Includes (on pages 60-3): A passage of Master William Cowper pretended bishop of Gallway, his sermon delivered before the estates, anno 1606. at which time hee was minister at Perth.
             Formerly STC 10062.
             Identified as STC 10062 on UMI microfilm.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Church of Scotland -- Controversial literature.
           Church of Scotland. -- Articles of Perth -- Controversial literature.
           Perth Assembly, Perth, Scotland, 1618 -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           RE-EXAMINATION
           of
           two
           of
           the
           articles
           abridged
           :
           TO
           WIT
           ,
           
             Of
             the
             communicants
             gesture
             in
             the
             act
             of
             receaving
             ,
             eating
             ,
             and
             drinking
             :
          
           And
           
             The
             observation
             of
             Festivall
             dayes
          
           .
        
         
           Printed
           anno
           1636.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
        
         
           YEE
           have
           here
           ,
           good
           Reader
           ,
           the
           re-examination
           of
           two
           articles
           abriged
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Communicants
           gesture
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           ,
           and
           observation
           of
           festivall
           dayes
           ,
           for
           the
           information
           of
           such
           ,
           as
           either
           have
           not
           leasure
           to
           peruse
           greater
           workes
           ,
           or
           are
           of
           weaker
           iudgement
           .
           The
           other
           three
           articles
           ,
           bishopping
           ,
           private
           baptisme
           ,
           and
           private
           Communion
           are
           not
           pressed
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           needlesse
           to
           proceed
           any
           further
           .
           Accept
           of
           this
           information
           without
           preiudice
           of
           your
           standing
           to
           the
           liberties
           of
           the
           Kirk
           .
           Wee
           need
           no
           other
           exception
           against
           all
           the
           five
           articles
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           were
           not
           concluded
           by
           pluralitie
           of
           voices
           of
           such
           as
           were
           authorized
           with
           lawfull
           commission
           ,
           and
           consequently
           not
           by
           a
           generall
           assemblie
           :
           But
           a
           number
           of
           Barons
           ,
           pretended
           bishops
           ,
           and
           ministers
           usurped
           the
           place
           of
           voters
           ,
           and
           carried
           the
           businesse
           .
           I
           passe
           by
           terrours
           ,
           circumveening
           ,
           and
           unformall
           proceeding
           ,
           howsoever
           others
           take
           libertie
           to
           practise
           and
           reason
           contrare
           to
           the
           order
           established
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           as
           if
           wee
           had
           never
           had
           a
           kirk
           ,
           yet
           let
           this
           be
           your
           iudiciall
           defence
           .
           But
           because
           that
           alone
           is
           not
           sufficient
           to
           uphold
           your
           conscience
           ,
           yee
           have
           here
           as
           much
           as
           may
           serve
           to
           confirme
           you
           in
           the
           trueth
           ,
           and
           to
           settle
           your
           iudgement
           in
           the
           matter
           it self
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           OF
           THE
           COMMUnicants
           gesture
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           .
        
         
           BY
           the
           second
           head
           of
           the
           first
           book
           of
           discipline
           ,
           drawn
           up
           in
           the
           first
           year
           of
           publick
           and
           universal
           reformation
           ,
           wee
           may
           perceive
           that
           our
           first
           reformers
           preferred
           sitting
           not
           only
           to
           kneeling
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           standing
           and
           passing
           by
           ,
           because
           they
           approached
           not
           so
           near
           to
           Christs
           action
           ,
           and
           rested
           upon
           sitting
           not
           only
           because
           of
           the
           abuse
           of
           kneeling
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           as
           is
           alleadged
           ,
           but
           because
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           patern
           ,
           which
           reason
           serveth
           for
           all
           times
           :
           Yea
           Master
           Knox
           in
           his
           admonition
           to
           England
           ,
           printed
           anno
           1554.
           ranketh
           kneeling
           among
           the
           superstitious
           orders
           ,
           which
           profane
           Christs
           true
           religion
           :
           and
           in
           a
           letter
           directed
           from
           Deep
           to
           Mastresse
           Anna
           Lock
           ,
           anno
           1599.
           he
           calleth
           the
           crosse
           in
           Baptisme
           :
           and
           this
           kneeling
           diabolicall
           inventions
           .
           In
           the
           generall
           assemblie
           ,
           holden
           anno
           1562.
           it
           was
           ordained
           ,
           that
           the
           order
           at
           Geneva
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           the
           English
           Kirk
           at
           Geneva
           ,
           where
           Master
           Knox
           had
           been
           sometime
           Minister
           ,
           bee
           observed
           in
           the
           ministration
           of
           the
           Sacraments
           :
           And
           anno
           1564.
           
           
           Ministers
           are
           referred
           to
           the
           order
           set
           down
           before
           the
           Psalmes
           in
           Meeter
           ,
           which
           order
           is
           the
           order
           of
           Geneva
           ,
           mentioned
           in
           the
           former
           act
           .
           This
           order
           was
           ratified
           by
           act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           anno
           1567.
           and
           1572.
           
           An
           act
           was
           likewise
           made
           anno
           1567.
           that
           in
           times
           coming
           the
           King
           at
           his
           coronation
           give
           his
           oath
           to
           maintain
           the
           true
           religion
           then
           professed
           ,
           and
           in
           speciall
           the
           due
           &
           right
           ministration
           of
           the
           Sacraments
           then
           receaved
           .
           This
           act
           was
           ratified
           anno
           1581.
           and
           again
           1592.
           
           No
           other
           gesture
           then
           sitting
           was
           used
           til
           the
           meeting
           above
           mentioned
           .
           Wee
           are
           then
           to
           defend
           the
           gesture
           of
           sitting
           ,
           and
           to
           impugne
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           .
        
         
           Wee
           have
           the
           example
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           ,
           to
           warrant
           communicants
           to
           sit
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           :
           After
           the
           ordinarie
           washing
           of
           their
           hands
           they
           fate
           down
           to
           the
           first
           course
           of
           the
           paschall
           supper
           ,
           thereafter
           they
           rose
           again
           to
           the
           washing
           of
           their
           feet
           ,
           then
           they
           fate
           down
           again
           to
           the
           second
           course
           of
           the
           paschall
           supper
           .
           Now
           while
           they
           were
           eating
           and
           consequently
           while
           they
           were
           sitting
           ,
           Christ
           institute
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           supper
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           acknowledged
           by
           Baronius
           the
           Cardinall
           ,
           in
           his
           annalls
           ,
           an
           .
           34.
           num
           .
           44.
           
           The
           Iesuit
           Baradas
           ,
           
             in
             concord
             .
             Evangelist
             .
             tom
             .
          
           4.
           lib.
           2.
           
           Ancient
           and
           modern
           writers
           ,
           popish
           and
           Protestant
           have
           receaved
           this
           collection
           as
           certain
           truth
           .
           It
           was
           the
           
           minde
           of
           the
           whole
           church
           of
           old
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           see
           by
           the
           Ecclesiasticall
           hymnes
           ,
           where
           Christ
           is
           brought
           in
           sitting
           with
           his
           disciples
           at
           table
           ,
           when
           he
           institute
           the
           Sacrament
           .
        
         
           Whereas
           some
           alleadge
           that
           Christ
           and
           the
           Apostles
           kneeled
           :
           I
           answere
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           likelihood
           at
           all
           :
           Christ
           fate
           when
           he
           brake
           bread
           ,
           and
           gave
           thanks
           at
           Emaus
           .
           He
           blessed
           the
           bread
           when
           hee
           fate
           with
           the
           multitude
           which
           hee
           fed
           with
           five
           loaves
           and
           two
           fishes
           .
           Wee
           never
           reade
           that
           the
           Iewes
           kneeled
           when
           they
           blessed
           their
           meat
           .
           Master
           Paybodie
           granteth
           ,
           that
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           used
           that
           same
           gesture
           in
           blessing
           and
           giving
           thanks
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           in
           receaving
           .
           Bellarmine
           acknowledgeth
           that
           they
           were
           sitting
           at
           table
           ,
           when
           Christ
           said
           unto
           them
           ,
           
             Drink
             yee
             all
             of
             this
          
           .
           We
           may
           gather
           from
           some
           circumstances
           and
           the
           forme
           of
           the
           celebration
           ,
           that
           they
           fate
           for
           they
           could
           not
           stand
           upon
           beds
           ,
           or
           between
           the
           tables
           and
           the
           beds
           ,
           for
           their
           neerenesse
           to
           the
           table
           .
           If
           there
           had
           beene
           a
           change
           from
           sitting
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           ordinarie
           gesture
           at
           the
           paschall
           supper
           ,
           into
           kneeling
           a
           gesture
           of
           adoration
           at
           the
           Evangelicall
           supper
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           Evangelists
           would
           have
           made
           mention
           of
           it
           ,
           for
           they
           make
           mention
           of
           other
           changes
           .
           If
           there
           had
           beene
           such
           a
           change
           ,
           then
           kneeling
           should
           have
           beene
           institute
           ,
           which
           none
           of
           our
           opposits
           have
           ever
           maintained
           :
           for
           to
           what
           end
           should
           the
           change
           
           have
           beene
           made
           ,
           if
           not
           that
           that
           gesture
           might
           be
           observed
           afterward
           .
           Christ
           spake
           not
           prayer
           waies
           to
           the
           apostles
           ,
           and
           the
           elements
           were
           carried
           from
           hand
           to
           hand
           ,
           and
           divided
           by
           the
           Apostles
           among
           themselves
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           compatible
           with
           kneeling
           ,
           when
           man
           is
           directing
           worship
           to
           God.
           Wee
           conclude
           then
           with
           Master
           Mouline
           ,
           writing
           on
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           1
           
             part
             .
             pag.
          
           136.
           that
           
             the
             apostles
             continued
             sitting
             at
             the
             table
             ,
             to
             the
             very
             end
             of
             the
             action
             .
          
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           Christ
           and
           his
           apostles
           sitting
           were
           not
           altogether
           upright
           as
           ours
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           man
           may
           stand
           upright
           ,
           or
           stand
           leaning
           ,
           so
           he
           may
           sit
           upright
           ,
           or
           sit
           leaning
           .
           The
           Hebrew
           doctors
           call
           it
           sitting
           in
           beds
           :
           the
           English
           translators
           expresse
           it
           by
           sitting
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           lying
           .
           Doctour
           Mortoun
           confesseth
           it
           was
           a
           kinde
           of
           sitting
           gesture
           .
           Master
           Paybodie
           ,
           pag.
           69.
           protesteth
           ,
           that
           he
           holdeth
           the
           gesture
           of
           sitting
           at
           the
           Lords
           table
           in
           it self
           lawfull
           and
           commendable
           .
           What
           a
           madnesse
           is
           it
           then
           to
           drive
           poore
           soules
           from
           a
           sure
           ,
           to
           a
           dangerous
           and
           doubtsome
           way
           ?
        
         
           The
           example
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           disciples
           sitting
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           ,
           is
           exemplarie
           for
           examples
           in
           setting
           down
           a
           patern
           ,
           serve
           ordinarly
           for
           direction
           in
           times
           to
           come
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           not
           some
           singular
           occasion
           to
           hinder
           him
           that
           setteth
           down
           the
           pattern
           to
           do
           otherwise
           .
           Bishop
           Mortoun
           in
           his
           late
           work
           of
           the
           institution
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           Christs
           example
           should
           bee
           a
           rule
           for
           us
           to
           observe
           ,
           except
           in
           some
           circumstances
           ,
           which
           only
           occasionaly
           and
           accidentally
           happened
           therein
           :
           and
           therefore
           taxeth
           the
           Iesuits
           ,
           making
           light
           of
           Christs
           example
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           example
           of
           Christ
           were
           no
           argument
           of
           proof
           at
           all
           .
           Mowline
           in
           his
           heavenly
           alarum
           ,
           pag
           56.
           sayeth
           ,
           Christ
           and
           his
           apostles
           sate
           at
           the
           table
           without
           any
           kind
           of
           adoration
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           first
           institution
           was
           given
           for
           a
           patern
           ;
           whereunto
           wee
           ought
           to
           conform
           .
           Now
           the
           washing
           of
           the
           disciples
           feet
           ,
           the
           putting
           off
           ,
           and
           on
           of
           Christs
           upper
           garment
           were
           ended
           before
           they
           sate
           down
           to
           the
           second
           course
           of
           the
           paschall
           supper
           ,
           and
           consequently
           a
           good
           space
           before
           the
           institution
           of
           the
           last
           supper
           .
           Time
           and
           place
           are
           commoun
           circumstances
           to
           all
           actions
           .
           The
           particular
           time
           and
           place
           when
           Christ
           instituted
           this
           Sacrament
           were
           occasionall
           .
           They
           might
           not
           eat
           the
           paschall
           supper
           but
           at
           evening
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           Evangelical
           supper
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           succeed
           to
           it
           ,
           behoved
           to
           bee
           celebrate
           that
           night
           ,
           seeing
           Christs
           suffering
           was
           so
           neer
           at
           hand
           .
           They
           behoved
           to
           eat
           the
           paschall
           lamb
           in
           a
           chamber
           in
           Ierusalem
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           supper
           behooved
           to
           bee
           instituted
           in
           a
           chamber
           ,
           after
           the
           paschall
           supper
           .
           The
           number
           of
           such
           as
           did
           eat
           the
           paschall
           lamb
           ,
           behooved
           to
           consist
           of
           few
           ,
           betwixt
           ten
           and
           twentie
           ,
           and
           
           therefore
           they
           behooved
           to
           bee
           so
           few
           that
           night
           at
           the
           institution
           of
           the
           supper
           .
           Their
           manner
           and
           kinde
           of
           sitting
           was
           a
           form
           observed
           among
           the
           Iewes
           at
           their
           commoun
           feasts
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           paschall
           supper
           .
           Put
           the
           case
           that
           they
           stood
           at
           the
           first
           Passeover
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           as
           it
           can
           not
           bee
           prooved
           ,
           it
           were
           then
           extraordinarie
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           night
           only
           ,
           to
           signifie
           their
           hastie
           departure
           out
           of
           Egypt
           .
           Sitting
           was
           the
           ordinarie
           gesture
           used
           at
           all
           religious
           feasts
           :
           The
           Heathnicks
           sate
           at
           their
           feasts
           ,
           made
           of
           the
           remainder
           of
           the
           sacrifices
           offered
           to
           their
           idoles
           ,
           Amos
           2.1
           Cor.
           8.10
           to
           professe
           their
           communi●●
           and
           societie
           with
           their
           idoll
           ,
           or
           fellowship
           with
           devils
           ,
           as
           the
           Apostle
           calleth
           it
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           10.20
           .
           Our
           Lord
           instituting
           his
           supper
           to
           bee
           the
           only
           religious
           feast
           to
           bee
           used
           in
           the
           Christian
           kirk
           ,
           observed
           the
           same
           gesture
           which
           was
           used
           at
           the
           paschall
           supper
           ,
           and
           other
           religious
           feasts
           .
           Christ
           might
           easily
           have
           changed
           sitting
           into
           kneeling
           ,
           and
           very
           commodiouslie
           ,
           seeing
           they
           fate
           upon
           beds
           ,
           yet
           would
           he
           retain
           the
           same
           gesture
           which
           they
           used
           at
           the
           paschall
           supper
           .
           Time
           and
           place
           are
           meere
           circumstances
           ,
           and
           the
           particular
           time
           and
           place
           were
           then
           only
           occasionall
           :
           But
           the
           gesture
           is
           more
           then
           a
           meere
           circumstance
           ,
           as
           Master
           Paybodie
           ,
           pag.
           34.
           confesseth
           .
           This
           supper
           was
           institute
           in
           form
           of
           a
           banquet
           ,
           to
           represent
           not
           only
           our
           spirituall
           nuriture
           ,
           but
           also
           our
           societie
           ,
           
           and
           familiaritie
           with
           Christ
           ,
           who
           is
           to
           sup
           &
           feast
           with
           us
           .
           The
           Polonian
           Baroun
           Ioannes
           Alasco
           maintaineth
           further
           ,
           that
           our
           sitting
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           at
           the
           communiō
           table
           ,
           is
           a
           figure
           and
           representation
           of
           our
           sitting
           at
           the
           heavenly
           table
           .
           So
           doth
           Musculus
           upon
           Matthow
           26
           :
           and
           Aquinas
           part
           .
           3.
           quest
           .
           60.
           make
           the
           Lords
           supper
           a
           type
           and
           fore-shewing
           sign
           of
           our
           glory
           to
           come
           .
           Christ
           himself
           expresseth
           our
           peaceable
           fruition
           of
           the
           joyes
           of
           heaven
           by
           sitting
           with
           Abraham
           ,
           Isaac
           ,
           and
           Iaakob
           in
           the
           kingdome
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           Matth.
           8.11
           .
           and
           by
           Lazarus
           resting
           in
           Abrahams
           bosome
           ,
           Luke
           16.
           that
           is
           ,
           sitting
           at
           the
           heavenly
           table
           ,
           and
           leaning
           upon
           Abrahams
           bosome
           ,
           after
           the
           same
           manner
           that
           Iohn
           lay
           on
           Christs
           bosome
           when
           hee
           fate
           at
           this
           table
           ,
           Iohn
           16.
           and
           Christ
           himself
           at
           the
           institution
           promised
           to
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           eat
           and
           drink
           at
           his
           table
           in
           his
           kingdome
           ,
           and
           sit
           upon
           twelve
           thrones
           ,
           Luke
           22.30
           .
           Yea
           ,
           this
           Polonian
           Baroun
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           slender
           affection
           to
           the
           glory
           of
           Christ
           ,
           or
           our
           eternall
           felicitie
           ,
           that
           would
           abolish
           out
           of
           the
           kirk
           that
           image
           of
           our
           eternall
           felicitie
           in
           the
           celestiall
           glory
           to
           come
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           much
           recommended
           to
           us
           by
           Christ
           himselfe
           ,
           by
           the
           symbole
           of
           sitting
           at
           a
           banquet
           ,
           to
           the
           unspeakable
           comfort
           of
           all
           the
           faithfull
           .
           We
           see
           that
           at
           civill
           banquets
           ,
           the
           time
           ,
           the
           place
           ,
           the
           number
           of
           persons
           ,
           and
           other
           things
           are
           variable
           ,
           but
           no
           
           other
           gesture
           hath
           beene
           used
           but
           sitting
           ,
           after
           one
           form
           or
           other
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           custome
           of
           the
           nation
           .
           Even
           when
           men
           are
           invited
           by
           a
           king
           to
           a
           feast
           ,
           they
           are
           honoured
           with
           sitting
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           his
           familiar
           intertainment
           .
        
         
           It
           appeareth
           by
           the
           practise
           of
           the
           Apostolicall
           kirks
           ,
           observing
           still
           this
           gesture
           ,
           albeit
           other
           circumstances
           of
           time
           and
           place
           ,
           and
           other
           things
           which
           fell
           foorth
           occasionally
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           were
           not
           regarded
           ,
           that
           the
           gesture
           of
           sitting
           is
           still
           to
           be
           retained
           .
           Christ
           himself
           ,
           Luke
           24
           ,
           30.
           sitting
           at
           table
           in
           Emaus
           ,
           tooke
           bread
           ,
           blessed
           it
           ,
           and
           brake
           it
           .
           This
           place
           is
           interpreted
           by
           sundrie
           ancients
           and
           modern
           writers
           of
           the
           ministration
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           :
           And
           Master
           Paybodie
           himself
           ,
           pag.
           86.
           is
           of
           that
           same
           judgement
           .
           The
           apostle
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           11.
           maketh
           not
           mention
           of
           sitting
           ,
           because
           he
           presupposed
           a
           lawfull
           Minister
           ,
           a
           table
           ,
           and
           sitting
           at
           the
           table
           ,
           and
           rehearseth
           only
           Christs
           actions
           and
           his
           words
           ,
           uttered
           to
           communicants
           sitting
           at
           the
           table
           .
           Nor
           yet
           all
           his
           actions
           ,
           and
           his
           words
           ,
           as
           giving
           of
           the
           bread
           ,
           blessing
           of
           the
           cup
           ,
           either
           severally
           or
           conjunctly
           with
           the
           bread
           ,
           and
           the
           precept
           to
           drink
           all
           of
           it
           :
           His
           chief
           purpose
           was
           to
           correct
           the
           abuse
           of
           the
           Corinthiās
           ,
           for
           not
           staying
           upon
           other
           :
           for
           the
           Lord
           that
           
             night
             hee
             was
             betrayed
             ,
             said
             to
             all
             his
             disciples
             conveened
             together
             ,
             Take
             yee
             ,
             eat
             ,
             yee
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           The
           love-feasts
           and
           the
           Lords
           supper
           went
           together
           ,
           the
           love-feasts
           in
           these
           times
           preceeding
           ,
           and
           the
           Lords
           supper
           immedialy
           following
           .
           Doctor
           Bilson
           in
           his
           book
           
           of
           obedience
           ,
           pag.
           653.
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           whether
           they
           went
           before
           or
           after
           ,
           they
           could
           not
           divide
           themselves
           each
           from
           other
           ,
           but
           they
           must
           offer
           the
           same
           abuse
           ,
           and
           disdain
           of
           the
           poor
           at
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           which
           was
           ministred
           to
           them
           as
           they
           sate
           at
           their
           tables
           ,
           immediatly
           before
           or
           after
           their
           usuall
           or
           corporall
           refreshings
           .
           Master
           Paybodie
           pag
           ,
           86
           ,
           and
           94.
           thinketh
           ,
           that
           together
           with
           the
           institution
           itself
           ,
           after
           supper
           were
           grounded
           the
           love-feasts
           ,
           by
           continued
           occasion
           ,
           whereof
           his
           disciples
           might
           possibly
           for
           a
           time
           use
           sitting
           in
           the
           very
           act
           of
           receaving
           .
           Doctor
           Downam
           in
           his
           second
           sermon
           ,
           pag.
           61.
           confesseth
           sitting
           to
           receave
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           to
           have
           been
           used
           in
           the
           kirk
           in
           the
           apostles
           times
           .
        
         
           Sitting
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           was
           continued
           at
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Christian
           kirk
           ,
           evē
           to
           our
           times
           .
           Mornaeus
           in
           his
           first
           book
           of
           the
           masse
           ,
           1
           cap.
           and
           5
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           the
           Monks
           of
           St.
           Bennets
           order
           communicate
           sitting
           ,
           for
           three
           dayes
           before
           Easter
           .
           Bullinger
           in
           his
           book
           
             de
             origine
             errorum
             ,
             pag.
          
           46
           reporteth
           ,
           
             that
             not
             only
             in
             their
             monastries
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             cathedrall
             kirks
             they
             communicate
             sitting
             upon
             that
             day
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           it
           was
           the
           custome
           of
           old
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           the
           Monks
           ,
           but
           also
           other
           Christians
           to
           communicat
           upon
           this
           day
           ,
           and
           no
           doubt
           after
           the
           same
           form
           .
           The
           two
           thousand
           souldiours
           who
           were
           reconcealed
           to
           the
           Emperour
           Mauritius
           ,
           about
           the
           year
           1590.
           by
           the
           travell
           of
           Gregorius
           bishop
           of
           Antioch
           ,
           receaved
           the
           Sacrament
           sitting
           upon
           the
           ground
           ,
           as
           Euagrius
           reporteth
           ,
           lib.
           6.
           cap
           13.
           
        
         
         
           Doctor
           Lindesay
           in
           his
           defence
           ,
           pag.
           53
           ,
           54.
           alleadgeth
           the
           like
           done
           by
           the
           Scottish
           armie
           at
           Bonnokburn
           ,
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           King
           Robert
           Bruce
           .
           Socrates
           in
           his
           historie
           ,
           lib.
           5.
           cap.
           23.
           reporteth
           of
           the
           Egyptians
           ,
           who
           dwelt
           near
           to
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           the
           inhabitants
           of
           Thebais
           communicated
           in
           the
           evening
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           refreshed
           themselves
           with
           commoun
           meats
           upon
           other
           dayes
           also
           :
           it
           is
           likely
           then
           they
           also
           sate
           .
           Alexander
           de
           Hales
           in
           the
           second
           part
           of
           his
           tractat
           .
           concerning
           the
           masse
           ,
           sayeth
           ,
           the
           Pope
           communicateth
           sitting
           ,
           in
           rememberance
           that
           the
           Apostles
           at
           the
           Lords
           supper
           communicated
           sitting
           .
           The
           Waldenses
           ,
           who
           are
           justly
           called
           the
           pure
           seed
           of
           the
           ancient
           kirk
           ,
           and
           have
           continued
           since
           the
           dayes
           of
           Pope
           Sylvester
           ,
           or
           as
           some
           thought
           ,
           from
           the
           dayes
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           sayeth
           Rainerius
           the
           inquisitour
           ,
           &
           their
           enemie
           ,
           celebrated
           the
           communion
           sitting
           ,
           See
           Master
           Fox
           first
           volumn
           ,
           pag.
           209
           edict
           .
           1610.
           and
           their
           apologie
           against
           one
           Doctour
           Augustine
           ,
           which
           is
           extant
           in
           Lydii
           Waldensia
           .
           Luther
           exponing
           the
           epistle
           upon
           Saint
           Stevins
           day
           ;
           sayeth
           ,
           Christ
           so
           instituted
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           that
           in
           it
           we
           should
           sit
           at
           the
           Sacrament
           :
           but
           all
           things
           are
           changed
           ,
           and
           idle
           ordinances
           of
           men
           are
           come
           in
           place
           of
           divine
           ordinances
           .
        
         
           Zuinglius
           in
           
             expositione
             sidei
             Christianae
          
           ,
           setting
           down
           the
           form
           of
           celebration
           used
           at
           Berne
           ,
           Zurick
           ,
           Basile
           ,
           and
           other
           neighbour
           townes
           ,
           reporteth
           ,
           
           that
           they
           communicated
           sitting
           .
           The
           kirks
           of
           strangers
           at
           London
           ,
           in
           Alascoes
           time
           communicated
           sitting
           :
           so
           do
           other
           kirks
           in
           the
           Low-countries
           ,
           even
           to
           this
           day
           .
           In
           Pol
           ,
           such
           as
           adhered
           to
           the
           confession
           of
           Helvetia
           communicated
           sitting
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           see
           
             in
             consensus
             Poloniae
          
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           gesture
           of
           standing
           is
           pretended
           more
           reverence
           ,
           and
           thereby
           the
           gesture
           of
           sitting
           is
           indirectly
           taxed
           ▪
           and
           that
           lively
           representation
           of
           our
           familiar
           societie
           with
           Christ
           taken
           away
           ,
           seeing
           it
           is
           not
           the
           usuall
           and
           ordinarie
           gesture
           at
           civill
           feasts
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           :
           First
           wee
           have
           not
           a
           warrant
           from
           the
           example
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           or
           the
           practises
           of
           the
           Apostolick
           kirks
           after
           ,
           and
           therefore
           they
           who
           receave
           adoration
           ,
           they
           are
           secure
           ,
           they
           have
           the
           example
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           whom
           wee
           read
           not
           to
           have
           adored
           prostrate
           ,
           but
           as
           they
           were
           sitting
           ,
           they
           receaved
           ,
           and
           did
           eat
           :
           They
           have
           the
           practise
           of
           the
           Apostolicall
           kirks
           ,
           where
           it
           is
           declared
           ,
           that
           the
           faithfull
           did
           communicate
           ,
           not
           in
           adoration
           ,
           but
           in
           breaking
           of
           bread
           ,
           sayeth
           Calvin
           ,
           
             Institut
             .
             lib.
          
           4.
           cap.
           37.
           sect
           .
           33.
           
           Beza
           in
           his
           dispute
           against
           Iodocus
           Harchius
           ,
           
             So
             like
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             Lord
             truely
             to
             bee
             adored
             as
             God
             and
             man
             ,
             at
             table
             did
             institute
             this
             holy
             supper
             ,
             that
             the
             Disciples
             arose
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             falling
             upon
             their
             knees
             ,
             they
             might
             receave
             that
             bread
             and
             wine
             out
             of
             his
             hand
             .
             And
             so
             like
             as
             the
             Apostles
             were
             ignorant
             ,
             how
             to
             deliver
             to
             the
             kirks
             the
             manner
             
             how
             to
             celebrate
             these
             holy
             mysteries
             ,
             it
             is
             known
             well
             enough
             that
             the
             love-feasts
             could
             hardly
             or
             scarce
             at
             all
             admit
             geniculation
             .
          
           The
           Waldenses
           in
           the
           apologie
           above-mentioned
           ,
           say
           ,
           
             that
             Christ
             gave
             the
             Sacrament
             to
             his
             Disciples
             ,
             and
             his
             successours
             for
             a
             long
             time
             made
             no
             reverence
             ,
             meaning
             adoration
             .
          
        
         
           This
           holy
           action
           is
           denominate
           the
           LORDS
           table
           ,
           and
           the
           Lords
           Supper
           :
           The
           use
           of
           a
           table
           is
           not
           only
           to
           set
           meat
           on
           it
           ,
           but
           also
           for
           the
           guests
           ,
           or
           persons
           invited
           to
           sit
           at
           ,
           and
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           partake
           of
           the
           meat
           set
           upon
           the
           table
           .
        
         
           Wee
           require
           not
           of
           necessitie
           an
           artificiall
           table
           of
           tymber
           :
           a
           Bul-hyde
           ,
           or
           a
           plot
           of
           ground
           may
           serve
           in
           time
           of
           necessitie
           ,
           and
           answereth
           analogically
           to
           a
           standing
           table
           ,
           as
           the
           plot
           of
           ground
           did
           ,
           whereabout
           the
           multitude
           sate
           in
           rowes
           ,
           by
           fifties
           and
           fifties
           ,
           Mark.
           6.
           
           Neither
           do
           wee
           stand
           upon
           the
           fashion
           ,
           whether
           it
           bee
           long
           or
           round
           ;
           but
           wee
           require
           that
           the
           Communicants
           alwayes
           sit
           table-wayes
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           may
           observe
           the
           form
           of
           a
           feast
           or
           banquet
           :
           For
           in
           that
           this
           holy
           action
           is
           called
           a
           supper
           ,
           it
           is
           imported
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           celebrate
           in
           the
           forme
           of
           a
           feast
           or
           banquet
           ,
           as
           Piscator
           observeth
           in
           his
           observations
           upon
           Matth.
           26.
           
           Wee
           do
           not
           require
           all
           the
           formes
           used
           at
           commoun
           feasts
           ,
           but
           these
           which
           Christ
           the
           institutour
           ,
           and
           Master
           of
           the
           feast
           thought
           sufficient
           .
        
         
           Kneeling
           is
           not
           a
           gesture
           sutable
           with
           the
           forme
           of
           a
           banquet
           ,
           or
           use
           of
           a
           supper
           table
           .
        
         
         
           The
           termes
           ,
           supper
           ,
           and
           
             table
             of
             the
             Lord
             ,
             very
             familiar
             with
             the
             Apostle
             Paul
             ,
             seeme
             to
             require
             sitting
             rather
             then
             standing
             ,
             kneeling
             ,
             or
             passing
             by
             ,
          
           sayeth
           Alasco
           .
           Kneling
           is
           not
           a
           gesture
           which
           hath
           beene
           used
           at
           feasts
           or
           banquets
           ,
           but
           rather
           a
           gesture
           of
           supplicants
           .
           Plessie
           in
           his
           fourth
           book
           of
           Eucharist
           sayeth
           ,
           
             that
             of
             old
             this
             holy
             Supper
             was
             celebrated
             in
             the
             forme
             of
             a
             banquet
             ,
             whereat
             they
             did
             sit
             ,
             a
             footestep
             whereof
             remaineth
             among
             the
             Benedictines
             .
          
           If
           these
           termes
           ,
           
             the
             Table
             of
             the
             LORD
             ,
             the
             Supper
             of
             the
             LORD
             ,
             and
             breaking
             of
             bread
          
           had
           beene
           retained
           ,
           and
           other
           new
           names
           not
           invented
           ,
           as
           
             Sacrament
             Eucharist
          
           ,
           then
           might
           easilie
           have
           been
           perceaved
           how
           harsh
           it
           were
           to
           use
           these
           phrases
           ,
           
             They
             brake
             bread
             together
             kneeling
             ,
             they
             compassed
             the
             table
             of
             the
             LORD
             kneeling
             ,
             they
             celebrate
             the
             Supper
             of
             the
             LORD
             kneeling
             ,
          
           which
           seemeth
           not
           so
           harsh
           ,
           when
           wee
           say
           ,
           
             they
             receaved
             the
             Sacrament
             or
             Eucharist
             kneeling
             .
          
           Therefore
           the
           
             ancient
             Doctours
          
           ,
           sayeth
           Mowline
           on
           the
           LORDS
           Supper
           ,
           part
           .
           1.
           pag.
           8.
           
             had
             done
             better
             ,
             if
             they
             had
             hold
             themselves
             to
             the
             tearmes
             expressed
             in
             Gods
             word
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           The
           distribution
           of
           the
           elements
           by
           the
           communicants
           amongst
           themselves
           admitteth
           not
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           .
           Can
           the
           communicant
           bee
           both
           adoring
           GOD
           upon
           his
           knees
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           verie
           instant
           bee
           reaching
           the
           elements
           to
           his
           brother
           likewise
           kneeling
           
           and
           adoringe
           .
           Yee
           have
           heard
           out
           of
           Calvin
           before
           ,
           that
           the
           faithfull
           in
           the
           Apostolical
           times
           did
           not
           communicate
           with
           adoration
           ,
           but
           breaking
           of
           bread
           ,
           as
           if
           adoration
           and
           breaking
           of
           bread
           could
           not
           consist
           together
           :
           But
           so
           it
           is
           that
           the
           Communicants
           ought
           to
           distribute
           ,
           and
           reach
           the
           elements
           to
           other
           .
           Christ
           reaching
           the
           cup
           to
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           commandeth
           them
           to
           divide
           it
           among
           themselves
           ,
           Luke
           22.17
           .
           This
           cup
           which
           hee
           commanded
           them
           to
           divide
           ,
           was
           the
           Evangelicall
           cup
           ,
           or
           ,
           which
           is
           all
           one
           ,
           the
           last
           paschall
           cup
           changed
           into
           the
           Evangelicall
           .
           Luke
           applieth
           Christs
           protestation
           ,
           that
           he
           will
           drink
           no
           more
           of
           the
           fruit
           of
           the
           wine
           ,
           &c.
           to
           the
           cup
           which
           hee
           commanded
           them
           to
           divide
           amongst
           themselves
           :
           but
           that
           protestation
           is
           applied
           to
           the
           com●●●on
           cup
           by
           Matth.
           and
           Mark
           who
           make
           mention
           only
           of
           this
           cup
           ,
           in
           the
           verses
           immediatly
           preceeding
           the
           protestation
           .
           If
           Christ
           was
           to
           drink
           incontinent
           after
           this
           protestation
           of
           the
           com●●●n
           cup
           ,
           how
           could
           hee
           protest
           ,
           that
           hee
           would
           drink
           no
           more
           of
           the
           fruit
           of
           the
           wine●
           When
           the
           Schoolemen
           would
           prove
           ,
           that
           wine
           was
           one
           of
           the
           elements
           at
           the
           Evangelicall
           supper
           ,
           they
           can
           not
           finde
           a
           proof
           in
           all
           the
           Evangelists
           ,
           but
           in
           this
           protestation
           .
           Christ
           in
           this
           protestation
           alludeth
           to
           the
           canon
           or
           custome
           of
           the
           Iewes
           ,
           forbidding
           to
           taste
           any
           thing
           after
           the
           last
           cup
           ,
           which
           was
           called
           the
           cup
           of
           praise
           .
           Now
           
           the
           last
           cup
           was
           the
           Evangelicall
           or
           communion
           cup
           ,
           or
           the
           last
           paschall
           cup
           ,
           changed
           it
           into
           the
           Evangelicall
           .
           Further
           Christ
           gave
           thanks
           when
           he
           took
           the
           cup
           in
           his
           hand
           ,
           which
           he
           cōmanded
           them
           to
           divide
           :
           and
           therefore
           Luke
           maketh
           no
           mention
           of
           this
           thanksgiving
           ,
           when
           hee
           maketh
           mention
           of
           the
           cup
           the
           second
           time
           ,
           because
           hee
           had
           made
           mention
           of
           it
           before
           .
           Luke
           then
           by
           way
           of
           anticipation
           bringeth
           in
           Christ
           ,
           protesting
           in
           the
           17.
           verse
           ,
           that
           the
           protestation
           of
           not
           drinking
           more
           ,
           may
           bee
           joined
           with
           the
           protestation
           of
           not
           eating
           more
           ,
           preceeding
           in
           the
           16.
           verse
           :
           therefore
           when
           hee
           cometh
           to
           the
           order
           of
           the
           institution
           ,
           verse
           20.
           he
           omitteth
           the
           protestation
           and
           thanksgiving
           ,
           which
           are
           recorded
           by
           other
           Evangelists
           ,
           because
           hee
           made
           mention
           before
           of
           them
           ,
           verse
           17.
           and
           18.
           
           This
           anticipation
           ,
           or
           inversion
           of
           order
           in
           the
           Evangelist
           Luke
           was
           observed
           by
           Augustine
           ,
           and
           Euthymius
           ,
           Ba●adius
           ,
           and
           Suarez
           ,
           Iesuits
           .
           Mewshius
           observeth
           other
           inversions
           in
           the
           same
           chapter
           .
           Christ
           gave
           ●ot
           the
           cuppe
           to
           every
           one
           out
           of
           his
           hand
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           sufficient
           for
           dividing
           of
           it
           ,
           ●f
           no
           further
           had
           beene
           intended
           .
           To
           drinke
           of
           one
           cuppe
           representeth
           fellowship
           in
           one
           commoun
           benefite
           ,
           but
           not
           that
           communication
           of
           mutuall
           love
           and
           amitie
           which
           is
           represented
           by
           reaching
           the
           same
           cup
           to
           other
           
             The
             guests
             at
             ci●ill
             banquets
             of
             old
             ,
             intertaining
             other
             courteously
             ,
             
             reached
             a
             cup
             of
             wine
             to
             other
             ,
             which
             cup
             they
             called
          
           philotesia
           ,
           
             metonimically
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             a
             symbole
             of
             love
             or
             friendship
             ,
             which
             name
             any
             man
             may
             justly
             impose
             upon
             the
             cup
             of
             the
             holy
             supper
             of
             the
             Lord
             ,
          
           sayeth
           
             Seuekius
             antiquitarum
             convivialium
             ,
             lib.
          
           3.
           cap.
           10.
           
           If
           there
           were
           no
           more
           but
           reaching
           the
           cup
           from
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           it
           were
           sufficient
           to
           exclude
           kneeling
           :
           for
           what
           reason
           were
           it
           to
           kneel
           at
           the
           receaving
           of
           the
           bread
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           the
           receaving
           of
           the
           cup
           ?
           Were
           it
           not
           also
           absurd
           to
           see
           the
           communicants
           reaching
           the
           cup
           to
           other
           ,
           and
           the
           Minister
           to
           walk
           along
           to
           give
           every
           one
           the
           bread
           ?
           Analogie
           requireth
           that
           the
           bread
           should
           bee
           distributed
           among
           the
           communicants
           as
           well
           as
           the
           wine
           .
           Christ
           said
           in
           the
           plurall
           number
           ,
           
             Take
             yee
             ,
             eat
             yee
          
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           
             drink
             yee
             ,
             divide
             yee
          
           ,
           and
           nor
           
             take
             thou
             ,
             eat
             thou
          
           :
           therefore
           not
           only
           Piscator
           ,
           Tessanus
           ,
           and
           Hospinian
           ,
           but
           also
           Estius
           a
           popish
           writer
           ,
           upon
           the
           1
           Cor.
           10.16
           .
           gather
           ,
           that
           they
           divide
           the
           bread
           as
           well
           as
           the
           cup.
           Beza
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           sitting
           could
           not
           permit
           Christ
           to
           give
           every
           one
           the
           bread
           .
           Mouline
           on
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           2
           
             part
             .
             pag.
          
           97.
           maintaineth
           ,
           that
           Christ
           could
           not
           deliver
           the
           bread
           to
           every
           one
           of
           the
           disciples
           hands
           ,
           especially
           considering
           that
           the
           parties
           lying
           half
           along
           upon
           beds
           at
           the
           table
           ,
           tooke
           up
           more
           rowme
           then
           they
           do
           now
           adayes
           .
           This
           distribution
           of
           the
           bread
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           the
           cup
           is
           confirmed
           by
           the
           custome
           observed
           afterward
           .
           Master
           Paybodie
           ,
           pag.
           92.101
           ,
           104.
           
           acknowledgeth
           ,
           that
           the
           Communicants
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           did
           communicate
           the
           bread
           and
           cup
           one
           with
           another
           :
           as
           also
           in
           the
           Apostles
           times
           ,
           pag.
           95.
           
           Bullinger
           in
           the
           place
           above
           cited
           ,
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Monastries
           of
           S.
           Bennets
           order
           ,
           &c
           cathedrall
           kirks
           they
           communicated
           upon
           Maunday-thursday
           ,
           
             panem
             azymum
             frangentes
             ,
             &
             calicem
             invicem
             propinantes
             ,
             &
             in
             tatum
             vetexis
             coenae
             vestigium
             preferentes
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           
             breaking
             unleavened
             bread
             ,
             and
             reaching
             the
             cup
             to
             other
             .
          
           This
           was
           a
           footstep
           of
           the
           order
           observed
           universally
           before
           upon
           the
           anniversarie
           day
           ,
           called
           the
           day
           of
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           called
           Maunday-thursday
           .
           Frier
           Rainerius
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           the
           Waldenses
           participate
           mutually
           ,
           as
           was
           done
           at
           Christs
           supper
           .
           Bullinger
           in
           his
           6.
           decad
           ,
           sermon
           9.
           
             that
             the
             supper
             of
             the
             Lord
             is
             then
             rightly
             celebrated
             ,
             when
             the
             communicants
             distribute
             the
             bread
             and
             the
             cup
             among
             themselves
             .
          
           Gualter
           homil
           .
           118.
           
             in
             Marcum
          
           ,
           setting
           down
           the
           best
           form
           of
           celebration
           ,
           requireth
           ,
           that
           they
           break
           the
           bread
           to
           other
           ,
           and
           distribute
           the
           cup.
           Tindall
           in
           his
           tractat
           upon
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           requireth
           ,
           that
           every
           man
           reach
           ,
           and
           break
           to
           his
           neighbour
           .
           The
           latter
           confession
           of
           Helvetia
           ,
           which
           is
           approved
           by
           many
           reformed
           kirks
           ,
           and
           by
           our
           owne
           ,
           recommendeth
           this
           breaking
           of
           bread
           .
           The
           Lords
           supper
           was
           denominate
           breaking
           of
           bread
           ,
           from
           that
           rite
           or
           ceremonie
           of
           the
           breaking
           of
           the
           bread
           ,
           Acts.
           2.
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           the
           disciples
           continued
           in
           breaking
           of
           bread
           ,
           and
           Acts.
           
           20
           ,
           that
           the
           disciples
           conveened
           to
           break
           bread
           ,
           which
           is
           clearer
           then
           the
           former
           speach
           ,
           and
           importeth
           ,
           that
           the
           disciples
           ,
           or
           the
           faithfull
           themselves
           brake
           bread
           .
           Estius
           ,
           a
           popish
           professour
           in
           Doway
           ,
           writing
           upon
           1
           Cor.
           10.16
           .
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           primitive
           kirk
           they
           had
           the
           breaking
           of
           bread
           ,
           which
           was
           first
           done
           by
           the
           Presbyteri●●
           and
           deacons
           ,
           and
           after
           them
           in
           smaller
           pieces
           ,
           by
           the
           faithfull
           to
           whom
           it
           was
           given
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           distribute
           the
           same
           among
           themselves
           .
           The
           Apostle
           1
           Cor.
           10.16
           .
           sayeth
           ,
           
             The
             bread
             which
             we
             break
             ,
             is
             not
             the
             communion
             of
             the
             body
             of
             Christ
          
           ?
           that
           is
           ,
           
             the
             bread
             we
             break
             ,
             distribute
             ,
             and
             eat
          
           :
           For
           the
           breaking
           alone
           by
           the
           Minister
           is
           not
           the
           communion
           of
           the
           body
           of
           Christ.
           The
           Apostle
           rehearsing
           the
           words
           of
           the
           institution
           ,
           sayeth
           not
           ,
           
             Take
             thou
             ,
             eat
             thou
          
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           plurall
           number
           ,
           
             take
             yee
             ,
             eat
             yee
          
           :
           Yea
           ,
           Durandus
           
             Rational
             .
             lib.
          
           4.
           cap.
           1.
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           the
           apostles
           celebrated
           as
           Christ
           did
           .
        
         
           The
           breaking
           of
           the
           bread
           serveth
           for
           two
           uses
           :
           first
           ,
           for
           the
           representation
           of
           Christs
           sufferings
           ;
           as
           also
           the
           pouring
           of
           the
           wine
           represented
           mystically
           the
           effusion
           of
           his
           blood
           .
           Bullinger
           sayeth
           ,
           decad
           .
           5.
           serm
           .
           7.
           
           
             Wee
             break
             the
             bread
             of
             the
             Lord
             with
             our
             own
             hands
             ,
             for
             we
             our selves
             are
             to
             bee
             blamed
             ,
             that
             hee
             was
             bruised
             :
             our
             sins
             wounded
             him
             ,
             wee
             crucified
             him
             ,
             and
             wee
             believe
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             hee
             suffered
             for
             others
             ,
             but
             specially
             for
             our selves
             .
          
           Gualtor
           in
           his
           homil
           .
           295.
           on
           Matthew
           ,
           sayeth
           ,
           
             That
             every
             one
             when
             they
             break
             the
             bread
             ,
             acknowledgeth
             themselves
             to
             be
             the
             authours
             of
             his
             death
             and
             passion
             .
          
           The
           
           other
           use
           is
           for
           distribution
           ,
           and
           reaching
           to
           other
           ,
           to
           testifie
           mutuall
           love
           and
           amitie
           .
           If
           two
           should
           drink
           out
           of
           one
           cup
           ,
           and
           yet
           not
           teach
           to
           other
           ,
           it
           might
           well
           be
           thought
           there
           were
           no
           great
           kindnesse
           betweene
           them
           .
           To
           divide
           the
           bread
           ,
           and
           to
           eat
           together
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           love
           and
           benevolence
           ,
           was
           a
           custome
           observed
           in
           the
           orientall
           countries
           ,
           and
           yet
           still
           in
           sundrie
           countries
           of
           the
           West
           .
           
             Serranius
             in
             Iosuam
             ,
             cap.
          
           9.
           
           Of
           this
           use
           the
           reader
           may
           finde
           more
           in
           Bullinger
           ,
           Decad
           .
           5.
           and
           Gualter
           118.
           in
           Marcum
           .
           Zuinglius
           in
           his
           exposition
           of
           the
           Christian
           faith
           ,
           reporteth
           that
           some
           sitting
           together
           casuallie
           ,
           and
           participating
           after
           this
           manner
           ,
           were
           reconcealed
           ,
           who
           before
           had
           beene
           at
           variance
           ,
           and
           that
           this
           fell
           foorth
           often
           .
        
         
           If
           none
           must
           give
           the
           sacramentall
           bread
           but
           the
           Minister
           ,
           because
           hee
           acteth
           the
           person
           of
           Christ
           who
           gave
           his
           own
           bodie
           ,
           by
           the
           same
           reason
           they
           may
           not
           reach
           the
           cup
           to
           other
           ,
           as
           the
           Apostles
           did
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           ,
           where
           they
           represented
           the
           faithfull
           ,
           and
           communicated
           not
           as
           Pastours
           ,
           but
           as
           disciples
           ,
           as
           guests
           ,
           as
           other
           Christians
           ,
           as
           all
           our
           divines
           hold
           :
           and
           among
           the
           rest
           ,
           Musculus
           cited
           by
           Doctour
           Lindesay
           ,
           pag.
           59.
           
           This
           Doctour
           confesseth
           the
           cup
           may
           bee
           reached
           from
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           the
           Minister
           still
           acting
           CHRISTS
           person
           in
           his
           own
           place
           ,
           pag.
           61.62
           .
           
           If
           none
           but
           the
           Minister
           must
           give
           the
           elements
           ,
           because
           hee
           representeth
           Christs
           ,
           person
           ,
           then
           might
           not
           the
           Deacon
           in
           the
           ancient
           kirk
           do
           it
           ,
           because
           hee
           represented
           not
           Christs
           person
           .
           Vasquez
           confesseth
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           forbidden
           by
           divine
           law
           ,
           that
           the
           Sacrament
           bee
           ministred
           ,
           or
           carried
           by
           a
           lay
           man
           ,
           and
           applied
           to
           the
           hand
           of
           another
           Communicant
           ,
           but
           by
           humane
           law
           .
           I
           would
           ask
           when
           the
           Minister
           cometh
           from
           his
           own
           place
           ,
           and
           goeth
           along
           to
           deliver
           the
           elements
           ,
           how
           doeth
           hee
           act
           the
           person
           of
           Christ
           ,
           the
           Master
           of
           the
           feast
           ?
           There
           can
           bee
           no
           other
           reason
           of
           this
           guise
           ,
           but
           to
           nourish
           a
           superstitious
           conceat
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           holier
           to
           receave
           it
           out
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           Minister
           ,
           who
           perhaps
           is
           a
           Iudas
           ,
           then
           out
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           a
           faithfull
           brother
           ,
           as
           if
           his
           hand
           profained
           or
           polluted
           it
           .
           Are
           not
           the
           peoples
           hands
           as
           holy
           as
           the
           Ministers
           ,
           sayeth
           Master
           Paybodie
           ,
           pag.
           313.
           
           Superstition
           increasing
           at
           last
           ,
           the
           communicants
           might
           not
           take
           the
           Sacrament
           in
           their
           own
           hand
           ,
           to
           put
           it
           in
           their
           mouth
           ,
           but
           it
           behooved
           the
           Priest
           to
           put
           it
           in
           their
           mouth
           :
           Such
           superstitious
           conceats
           condemne
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           and
           the
           godly
           ,
           who
           in
           their
           time
           distribute
           to
           other
           ,
           and
           deprive
           of
           the
           profitable
           uses
           of
           fraction
           ,
           or
           breaking
           of
           bread
           .
           Neither
           is
           the
           representation
           or
           form
           of
           a
           feast
           or
           banquet
           observed
           :
           it
           is
           rather
           like
           a
           dole
           of
           meat
           then
           a
           supper
           .
           Further
           ,
           this
           giving
           of
           the
           elements
           to
           every
           
           one
           severally
           ,
           bringeth
           in
           confusion
           of
           actions
           ,
           and
           private
           communions
           in
           the
           publick
           assembly
           .
           For
           while
           the
           Ministers
           are
           giving
           the
           elements
           to
           every
           one
           ,
           the
           people
           is
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           exercised
           in
           hearing
           the
           word
           red
           ,
           or
           singing
           Psalmes
           ,
           and
           heare
           not
           what
           the
           Minister
           sayeth
           to
           the
           Communicants
           ,
           nor
           do
           the
           Communicants
           understand
           what
           is
           read
           ,
           or
           sung
           in
           publick
           .
           Yea
           ,
           sometimes
           two
           Ministers
           will
           bee
           speaking
           at
           once
           to
           sundrie
           communicants
           :
           so
           the
           communicants
           communicate
           apart
           ,
           and
           might
           as
           well
           go
           aside
           ,
           or
           to
           an
           I
           le
           of
           the
           kirk
           to
           communicate
           ,
           yea
           ,
           and
           far
           better
           .
           The
           exercise
           is
           dead
           and
           cold
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           forced
           to
           reading
           and
           singing
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           to
           drive
           away
           tediousnesse
           ,
           and
           so
           bring
           in
           confusion
           of
           actions
           .
           If
           Christ
           spake
           in
           the
           plurall
           number
           ,
           
             Take
             yee
             ,
             eat
             yee
          
           ,
           when
           the
           communicants
           were
           so
           few
           ,
           what
           would
           he
           have
           done
           if
           there
           had
           beene
           a
           great
           multitude
           present
           ?
           If
           the
           distribution
           of
           the
           communicants
           had
           beene
           observed
           by
           the
           ancients
           constantly
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           as
           sometimes
           it
           was
           ,
           kneeling
           had
           not
           entered
           in
           the
           kirk
           ,
           the
           words
           outered
           by
           Christ
           at
           the
           deliverie
           of
           the
           elements
           had
           not
           beene
           changed
           ,
           confusion
           of
           actions
           ,
           and
           a
           private
           forme
           of
           communicating
           had
           not
           taken
           place
           ,
           and
           the
           forme
           of
           a
           feast
           had
           beene
           preserved
           .
           Therefore
           suppose
           the
           distributing
           by
           the
           communicants
           were
           not
           recommended
           to
           us
           ,
           nor
           
           had
           any
           other
           profitable
           use
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           is
           a
           bar
           to
           hold
           out
           so
           many
           corruptions
           ,
           let
           us
           stand
           for
           distribution
           .
           Our
           Lord
           was
           wise
           ,
           and
           could
           devise
           the
           best
           form
           :
           
             Who
             can
             devise
             a
             better
          
           ,
           sayeth
           Bullinger
           ,
           decad
           .
           5.
           serm
           .
           9.
           
             then
             the
             Son
             of
             God
             himself
             ?
             the
             supreme
             high
             Priest
             of
             his
             kirk
          
           :
           Yea
           Bellarmine
           sayeth
           ,
           
             de
             Eucharist
             .
             lib.
          
           4.
           cap.
           7.
           
             that
             it
             can
             not
             bee
             doubted
             ,
             but
             that
             is
             better
             ,
             &
             to
             be
             done
             which
             Christ
             did
             .
          
        
         
           Kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           the
           sacramentall
           elements
           is
           scandalous
           ,
           and
           therefore
           to
           bee
           avoided
           .
           The
           papist
           is
           confirmed
           in
           his
           vile
           idolatrie
           ,
           by
           our
           conforming
           with
           him
           in
           that
           gesture
           .
           Do
           they
           not
           vaunt
           ,
           that
           wee
           are
           coming
           home
           to
           them
           ?
           The
           Ministers
           of
           Edinburgh
           in
           the
           instructions
           given
           to
           Master
           William
           Levingstoun
           ,
           subscrived
           also
           by
           them
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           sent
           up
           to
           Court
           ,
           have
           these
           words
           ,
           
             The
             Papists
             seeing
             us
             in
             that
             gesture
             having
             some
             externall
             symbolizing
             with
             them
             ,
             are
             therby
             confirmed
             in
             their
             errour
             ,
             as
             though
             that
             our
             practise
             were
             an
             approaching
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             an
             ingrease
             to
             their
             idolatrie
             and
             bread-worship
             .
          
           Now
           we
           ought
           not
           to
           keep
           conformitie
           in
           the
           worship
           of
           God
           with
           idolaters
           in
           things
           otherwise
           lawfull
           ,
           if
           they
           bee
           not
           of
           necessarie
           use
           ,
           and
           have
           beene
           abused
           .
           The
           Lord
           took
           this
           course
           with
           his
           own
           people
           of
           old
           ,
           hee
           forbade
           them
           to
           round
           the
           corners
           of
           their
           heads
           ,
           or
           marre
           the
           corners
           of
           their
           beard
           ,
           or
           weare
           linsey-woolsey
           ,
           or
           sow
           their
           field
           with
           mingled
           sead
           ,
           or
           plant
           any
           groaves
           of
           trees
           neare
           the
           altar
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           bee
           unlike
           the
           Gentiles
           .
           The
           
           Priests
           were
           forbidden
           to
           make
           their
           heads
           bald
           ,
           or
           shave
           off
           the
           corner
           of
           their
           beard
           for
           the
           same
           cause
           .
           The
           ancients
           for
           the
           like
           reason
           rejected
           many
           customes
           of
           Ethnicks
           ,
           Iewes
           ,
           and
           hereticks
           ,
           but
           were
           not
           constant
           in
           this
           course
           .
           As
           for
           the
           sun
           ,
           the
           moon
           ,
           the
           stars
           ,
           and
           other
           creatures
           ,
           howbeit
           they
           have
           been
           abused
           ,
           and
           adored
           ,
           yet
           because
           they
           are
           Gods
           creatures
           ,
           and
           of
           necessarie
           use
           ,
           they
           are
           still
           to
           bee
           used
           .
           Gold
           ,
           silver
           ,
           temples
           are
           profitable
           helps
           unto
           the
           necessitie
           of
           mans
           life
           .
           The
           gold
           ,
           the
           brasse
           ,
           and
           iron
           of
           Iericho
           taken
           into
           the
           Lords
           treasurie
           ,
           were
           the
           civill
           goods
           of
           idolaters
           ,
           and
           had
           no
           state
           in
           their
           idolatrous
           worship
           ,
           as
           this
           kneeling
           hath
           .
           Wee
           should
           shun
           conformitie
           with
           papists
           in
           speciall
           ,
           because
           the
           pope
           their
           head
           is
           the
           great
           Antichrist
           :
           and
           we
           are
           more
           troubled
           with
           rites
           ,
           abused
           and
           polluted
           by
           him
           ,
           then
           by
           any
           other
           :
           We
           dwell
           nearer
           to
           papists
           then
           to
           any
           other
           idolaters
           ,
           &
           they
           dwell
           or
           converse
           among
           us
           .
           The
           equitie
           of
           this
           direction
           for
           not
           conforming
           with
           idolaters
           ,
           appeareth
           ,
           first
           ,
           in
           that
           wee
           show
           not
           as
           we
           ought
           our
           hatred
           and
           detestation
           of
           idolatrie
           ,
           when
           wee
           retain
           any
           monument
           or
           memoriall
           of
           it
           .
           The
           brasen
           serpent
           it self
           a
           monument
           of
           Gods
           mercie
           ,
           and
           benefite
           received
           700
           year
           before
           ,
           was
           broken
           by
           Ezekias
           in
           pieces
           when
           it
           began
           to
           be
           abused
           and
           polluted
           with
           idolatrie
           :
           far
           more
           ought
           the
           monument
           and
           memoriall
           of
           idols
           or
           idolatrie
           bee
           abolished
           .
        
         
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           kneeling
           of
           it self
           is
           not
           a
           humane
           invention
           ,
           but
           in
           some
           kinds
           〈◊〉
           may
           be
           lawfully
           used
           ,
           as
           in
           prayer
           :
           but
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           the
           sacramentall
           elements
           was
           never
           Gods
           ordinance
           ,
           and
           therefore
           ought
           to
           bee
           forborn
           ,
           seeing
           in
           that
           act
           it
           hath
           beene
           abused
           to
           the
           vilest
           idolatrie
           that
           ever
           was
           ,
           to
           the
           worshipping
           a
           piece
           bread
           ,
           which
           the
           worshipper
           esteemed
           to
           bee
           his
           god
           .
           To
           retain
           it
           therefore
           is
           to
           retain
           a
           memoriall
           or
           monument
           of
           that
           vile
           idolatrie
           ,
           because
           wee
           use
           that
           same
           gesture
           in
           that
           same
           very
           act
           ,
           and
           without
           necessitie
           .
           Next
           ,
           in
           conforming
           with
           idolaters
           ,
           we
           keep
           a
           stumbling
           block
           in
           the
           kirk
           ,
           and
           both
           hardeneth
           the
           idolater
           in
           his
           idolatrie
           ,
           and
           lay
           a
           stumbling
           block
           both
           before
           our self
           ,
           &
           our
           own
           brethren
           ,
           by
           retaining
           such
           allurements
           and
           provocations
           ,
           to
           commit
           the
           same
           kinde
           of
           fornication
           or
           idolatrie
           .
           
             Wo
             bee
             to
             him
             that
             giveth
             offence
             ,
             it
             were
             better
             that
             a
             milestone
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           They
           ask
           what
           aptness●
           there
           is
           in
           this
           gesture
           ,
           to
           intise
           us
           to
           idolatrie
           ?
           We
           answere
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           same
           form
           and
           fashion
           that
           idolaters
           used
           in
           that
           same
           very
           act
           ,
           and
           for
           reverence
           as
           they
           did
           .
           Wee
           are
           more
           prone
           to
           idolatrie
           by
           nature
           then
           any
           other
           sin
           :
           therefore
           the
           greater
           diligence
           is
           to
           be
           used
           in
           avoiding
           of
           it
           .
           Doolefull
           experience
           hath
           taught
           us
           how
           dangerous
           it
           is
           .
           The
           kirks
           in
           the
           Low-countries
           in
           their
           synods
           ordained
           ,
           that
           the
           communion
           be
           not
           celebrated
           
           kneeling
           ,
           for
           the
           danger
           of
           bread-worship
           .
           The
           Polonian
           synods
           ,
           holden
           anno
           1573.
           and
           1583.
           were
           grosely
           mistaken
           ,
           in
           alleadging
           that
           none
           but
           Arrians
           or
           Anabaptists
           did
           sit
           :
           when
           as
           it
           is
           well
           known
           that
           this
           gesture
           of
           sitting
           was
           in
           use
           in
           sundrie
           kirks
           in
           Europe
           ,
           of
           which
           wee
           have
           made
           mention
           before
           :
           yea
           ,
           and
           Alasco
           before
           these
           times
           wrote
           more
           earnestly
           for
           sitting
           then
           any
           man
           else
           .
           But
           these
           Polonian
           synods
           were
           mixed
           ,
           and
           consisted
           partly
           of
           Lutherians
           ,
           partly
           of
           such
           as
           adhered
           to
           the
           Bohemian
           ,
           partly
           of
           such
           as
           adhered
           to
           the
           Helvetian
           confess
           on
           :
           Yet
           they
           confesse
           ,
           anno
           1578.
           that
           it
           is
           neither
           the
           will
           of
           God
           ,
           nor
           the
           custome
           of
           the
           purer
           kirk
           to
           smite
           men
           with
           Ecclesiasticall
           discipline
           ,
           for
           externall
           rites
           .
           Our
           opposits
           pretend
           the
           remedie
           of
           preaching
           ,
           and
           information
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           to
           direct
           their
           adoration
           aright
           .
           But
           it
           is
           better
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           pit
           in
           the
           way
           ,
           then
           to
           set
           one
           beside
           ,
           to
           warn
           the
           passengers
           that
           they
           fall
           not
           in
           .
           Watchmen
           are
           sometime
           negligent
           ,
           sometime
           blinde
           and
           ignorant
           ,
           or
           corrupt
           and
           perverse
           :
           time
           should
           bee
           better
           spent
           ,
           then
           in
           leading
           poore
           soules
           through
           dangerous
           wayes
           ,
           which
           may
           bee
           forsaken
           .
           All
           are
           not
           alike
           capable
           of
           information
           :
           appearance
           of
           evill
           worketh
           more
           powerfully
           oft-times
           then
           the
           doctrine
           .
        
         
           They
           alleadge
           that
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           in
           things
           indifferent
           ,
           taketh
           away
           the
           scandall
           .
           
           I
           answere
           ,
           Can
           the
           supreme
           magistrate
           take
           away
           that
           aptnesse
           and
           fitnesse
           that
           any
           thing
           hath
           ,
           to
           intise
           and
           provoke
           men
           to
           sin
           .
           The
           magistrates
           countenance
           maketh
           the
           scandall
           the
           greater
           ,
           and
           hee
           strengthneth
           it
           by
           authoritie
           .
           Court-clawbacks
           tell
           us
           ,
           we
           should
           rather
           offend
           the
           people
           then
           the
           supreme
           magistrate
           :
           but
           better
           offend
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           displease
           him
           ,
           nor
           offend
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           give
           occasion
           to
           the
           poorest
           soul
           ,
           let
           be
           many
           thousands
           to
           fall
           into
           any
           sin
           ,
           let
           bee
           so
           hainous
           a
           sin
           ,
           as
           is
           the
           sin
           of
           idolatrie
           .
           The
           magistrate
           is
           not
           in
           danger
           of
           stumbling
           ,
           or
           spirituall
           falling
           into
           any
           sin
           :
           for
           (
           yee
           put
           the
           case
           )
           hee
           esteemeth
           the
           matter
           indifferent
           .
           The
           Apostle
           had
           rather
           never
           eat
           flesh
           ,
           nor
           offend
           a
           weak
           brother
           ,
           for
           eating
           flesh
           offered
           to
           the
           idole
           ,
           and
           sold
           in
           the
           mereat
           .
           And
           yet
           hee
           had
           greater
           authoritie
           in
           such
           matters
           ,
           then
           any
           prince
           ,
           or
           generall
           assemblie
           .
           The
           Belgick
           synods
           would
           not
           take
           so
           much
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           forbade
           kneeling
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           idolatrie
           .
           If
           the
           kirk
           to
           whom
           the
           rule
           for
           directing
           the
           use
           of
           things
           indifferent
           ,
           in
           matters
           of
           religion
           ,
           are
           laid
           down
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           that
           all
           things
           be
           done
           decently
           ,
           in
           order
           ,
           to
           edification
           ,
           without
           offence
           ,
           may
           not
           presume
           so
           far
           ,
           far
           lesse
           the
           magistrate
           .
        
         
           Wee
           maintain
           that
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           the
           sacramentall
           elements
           was
           not
           in
           use
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           least
           authorized
           ,
           till
           the
           great
           antichrist
           dominited
           .
           There
           can
           not
           be
           an
           authentick
           testimonie
           
           alleadged
           before
           the
           opinion
           of
           real
           presence
           &
           transubstantiation
           began
           to
           spread
           :
           or
           to
           come
           to
           a
           more
           certain
           date
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           a
           thousand
           years
           after
           Christ.
           There
           are
           some
           testimonies
           bearing
           the
           word
           adore
           ,
           but
           the
           testimonies
           are
           either
           counterfeit
           ,
           or
           to
           bee
           understood
           of
           inward
           adoration
           ,
           or
           of
           adoration
           in
           time
           of
           prayer
           ,
           before
           they
           communicate
           :
           Or
           adoration
           is
           taken
           only
           for
           veneration
           :
           but
           of
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           we
           hear
           of
           no
           authentick
           testimony
           as
           yet
           alleadged
           .
           Doctour
           Burges
           is
           verie
           confident
           ,
           that
           the
           communicants
           kneeled
           in
           Tertullians
           time
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           about
           200.
           year
           after
           Christ
           :
           for
           sayeth
           ,
           
             he
             the
             people
             shunned
             to
             come
             to
             the
             communion
             table
             on
             the
             station
             dayes
             ,
             because
             they
             might
             not
             kneel
             in
             the
             act
             of
             receiving
             ,
             but
             it
             behooved
             them
             to
             stand
             on
             these
             dayes
          
           :
           and
           therefore
           ,
           sayeth
           he
           ,
           Tertullian
           inviteth
           them
           to
           come
           ,
           to
           〈◊〉
           the
           bread
           standing
           at
           the
           table
           publictly
           ,
           to
           reserve
           it
           ,
           and
           carrie
           it
           home
           ,
           and
           there
           receave
           it
           kneeling
           ,
           and
           so
           both
           dueties
           should
           bee
           performed
           ,
           the
           receiving
           of
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           and
           the
           tradition
           on
           these
           dayes
           observed
           .
           Tertullians
           testimonie
           is
           cited
           out
           of
           his
           book
           ,
           
             de
             oratione
             ,
             cap.
          
           14.
           
           But
           the
           Doctour
           translated
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Quod
             statio
             solvenda
             sit
             accepto
             corpore
             Domini
             ,
             Because
             station
             or
             standing
             is
             then
             to
             be
             performed
             in
             receaving
             the
             bodie
             of
             the
             Lord
          
           :
           whereas
           hee
           should
           translate
           thus
           ,
           
             because
             the
             station
             or
             fast
             is
             then
             to
             bee
             broken
             ,
             after
             the
             receaving
             of
             the
             bodie
             of
             the
             Lord.
          
           
           For
           the
           word
           statio
           in
           Tertullians
           language
           is
           taken
           for
           fasting
           ,
           or
           rather
           for
           some
           kinde
           of
           fasting
           dayes
           .
           Wednesday
           and
           Friday
           were
           called
           station
           dayes
           ,
           on
           which
           they
           fasted
           untill
           the
           third
           houre
           after-noone
           ,
           and
           was
           distinguished
           from
           the
           other
           fasting
           dayes
           ,
           whereon
           they
           fasted
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           ,
           as
           Pamelius
           observeth
           out
           of
           Rabanus
           Maurus
           ;
           or
           rather
           as
           a
           late
           popish
           writer
           Albaspinaeus
           ,
           bishop
           of
           Orleance
           ,
           in
           his
           observations
           observeth
           ,
           were
           distinguished
           from
           other
           fast
           dayes
           ,
           which
           indured
           till
           the
           evening
           .
           The
           meaning
           of
           Tertullian
           is
           this
           ,
           they
           were
           in
           an
           errour
           who
           thought
           that
           if
           they
           had
           receaved
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           their
           feast
           should
           bee
           broken
           ,
           which
           should
           have
           continued
           to
           the
           set
           houre
           :
           Nay
           ,
           saith
           Tertullian
           ,
           
             Nonne
             solemnior
             erit
             statio
             tua
             ,
             si
             &
             ad
             aram
             Dei
             steteris
             ?
             Shall
             not
             thy
             fust
             or
             station
             bee
             the
             more
             solemne
             ,
             if
             thou
             stand
             also
             at
             the
             altar
             of
             God
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           
             tho
             comu●●on
             table
          
           ,
           for
           so
           both
           are
           safe
           ,
           both
           the
           participation
           of
           the
           sacrifice
           ,
           and
           performance
           of
           thy
           service
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           the
           fast
           ,
           sayeth
           Plessie
           in
           his
           answere
           to
           the
           Theologues
           of
           Bourdeaux
           :
           and
           in
           his
           answere
           to
           the
           bishop
           of
           Evereux
           ,
           pag.
           225.
           hee
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           Tertullian
           would
           remove
           that
           scruple
           ,
           that
           as
           soone
           as
           ever
           they
           had
           communicated
           ,
           they
           thought
           their
           fast
           was
           broken
           .
           Albaspinaeus
           seemeth
           to
           come
           yet
           nearer
           to
           the
           sence
           ,
           and
           sayeth
           ,
           Tertullian
           would
           reprove
           these
           that
           would
           break
           the
           station
           or
           fast
           ,
           as
           soone
           as
           ever
           they
           had
           receaved
           the
           Eucharist
           '
           ,
           
           and
           not
           stay
           any
           longer
           in
           the
           kirk
           ,
           howbeit
           the
           time
           was
           short
           ,
           and
           some
           few
           prayers
           were
           outored
           after
           the
           deliverie
           of
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           for
           they
           communicated
           about
           the
           ninth
           houre
           of
           the
           day
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           third
           houre
           after
           noone
           ,
           about
           the
           end
           of
           the
           fast
           on
           these
           station
           dayes
           :
           for
           on
           other
           fasting
           dayes
           which
           indured
           to
           the
           evening
           ,
           they
           receaved
           not
           the
           Eucharist
           .
           As
           for
           standing
           at
           the
           communion
           table
           upon
           these
           station
           dayes
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           because
           they
           stood
           only
           upon
           these
           dayes
           ,
           when
           they
           receaved
           the
           Eucharist
           :
           
             Nam
             accepta
             Eucharistia
             ,
             non
             licebat
             ex
             corum
             institutis
             ,
             &
             ex
             veteri
             disciplina
             de
             geniculis
             orare
             ,
          
           sayeth
           Albaspinaeus
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           
             It
             was
             not
             leasome
             by
             the
             ordinances
             ,
             and
             old
             discipline
             of
             these
             times
             to
             pray
             upon
             their
             knees
             ,
             when
             they
             receaved
             the
             Eucharist
             .
          
           Further
           he
           proveth
           ,
           that
           upon
           these
           station
           dayes
           they
           stood
           not
           alwayes
           ,
           but
           kneeled
           at
           their
           prayers
           :
           for
           the
           whole
           time
           was
           a
           time
           of
           mourning
           &
           afflicting
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           but
           in
           these
           times
           it
           was
           a
           signe
           of
           joy
           ,
           not
           to
           adore
           upon
           their
           knees
           .
           
             Erat
             apud
             antiquos
             ,
             &
             nascentis
             Ecelesiae
             Christianos
             quaedum
             inum
             unitas
             ,
             &
             quoddam
             genus
             goudiide
             geniculis
             non
             aderara
             ,
          
           see
           pag.
           52
           ,
           and
           49.
           
           The
           ancients
           in
           these
           times
           thought
           kneeling
           not
           sutable
           with
           such
           an
           action
           ,
           as
           the
           participation
           of
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           an
           action
           of
           joy
           and
           delight
           .
        
         
           Yee
           see
           then
           howbeit
           they
           kneeled
           other
           wayes
           upon
           the
           station
           dayes
           ,
           because
           of
           their
           fasting
           and
           mourning
           ,
           yet
           at
           the
           end
           ,
           a
           little
           before
           their
           
           dissolving
           they
           stood
           at
           the
           comm●un
           table
           .
           Now
           the
           reason
           why
           these
           dayes
           were
           called
           station
           dayes
           ,
           was
           not
           according
           to
           his
           observation
           so
           called
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           gesture
           of
           standing
           ,
           but
           only
           by
           way
           of
           allusion
           to
           militarie
           stations
           ,
           and
           watches
           at
           the
           gates
           of
           Princes
           palaces
           ,
           that
           as
           they
           stayed
           in
           their
           watch
           ,
           whether
           sitting
           or
           standing
           ,
           so
           the
           Christians
           stayed
           in
           the
           kirk
           mourning
           ,
           and
           praying
           ,
           in
           these
           times
           of
           persecution
           ,
           for
           peace
           and
           safetie
           to
           the
           kirk
           ,
           till
           the
           third
           houre
           after-noon
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           they
           communicate
           .
           It
           was
           the
           custome
           of
           the
           kirk
           ,
           for
           a
           thousand
           year
           to
           stand
           upon
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Lords
           day
           was
           not
           one
           of
           their
           station
           dayes
           ,
           which
           should
           have
           beene
           ,
           if
           the
           gesture
           of
           〈◊〉
           only
           should
           make
           a
           station
           day
           ,
           as
           Doctour
           Burges
           would
           have
           it
           .
           It
           is
           grosse
           ignorance
           in
           the
           Doctour
           ,
           to
           affirm
           that
           the
           station
           dayes
           were
           these
           dayes
           ,
           wherein
           they
           stood
           in
           prayer
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           the
           solemne
           worship
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           denie
           that
           they
           were
           set
           dayes
           of
           fasting
           .
           Further
           is
           nothing
           more
           evident
           ,
           then
           that
           Tertullian
           in
           sundrie
           other
           passages
           speaketh
           of
           stations
           ,
           or
           station
           dayes
           ,
           as
           dayes
           of
           fasting
           .
           Where
           as
           in
           the
           Re-examination
           it
           was
           given
           ,
           and
           not
           granted
           ,
           that
           they
           stood
           on
           these
           dayes
           ,
           in
           time
           of
           divine
           service
           or
           prayer
           ,
           now
           being
           induced
           by
           the
           observation
           of
           Albaspinaeus
           ,
           Wee
           denie
           that
           they
           stood
           in
           time
           of
           prayer
           upon
           these
           
           dayes
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           argument
           is
           the
           more
           forcible
           for
           us
           ;
           that
           notwithstanding
           of
           their
           humiliation
           ,
           and
           kneeling
           upon
           these
           dayes
           of
           mourning
           and
           fasting
           ,
           yet
           at
           the
           end
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           neare
           dissolving
           ,
           and
           ending
           their
           fast
           or
           station
           ,
           they
           stood
           at
           the
           table
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           and
           receaved
           the
           Sacrament
           standing
           .
           Howbeit
           this
           was
           not
           the
           right
           gesture
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           clear
           they
           kneeled
           not
           when
           they
           received
           the
           Sacrament
           .
           Tertullian
           maketh
           no
           mention
           of
           receiving
           the
           Sacrament
           in
           their
           houses
           kneeling
           .
           For
           a
           thousand
           years
           they
           stood
           even
           in
           time
           of
           prayer
           upon
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           can
           not
           bee
           imagined
           that
           they
           kneeled
           ,
           when
           they
           received
           the
           Sacrament
           .
        
         
           But
           say
           our
           opposits
           ,
           they
           used
           the
           same
           gesture
           in
           the
           receaving
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           which
           they
           thought
           fittest
           for
           prayer
           .
           I
           answere
           ,
           they
           thought
           nor
           standing
           the
           fittest
           gesture
           for
           prayer
           ,
           but
           kneeling
           ,
           and
           stood
           upon
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           to
           signifie
           their
           joy
           for
           Christs
           resurrection
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           conceat
           taken
           up
           by
           them
           ,
           not
           known
           to
           the
           apostle
           :
           for
           they
           kneeled
           not
           for
           the
           like
           reason
           betwixt
           Easter
           and
           Pentecost
           ,
           and
           yet
           wee
           see
           in
           the
           20.
           of
           the
           Acts
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           Paul
           kneeled
           .
           The
           custome
           yet
           observed
           to
           this
           day
           in
           the
           orientall
           kirks
           ,
           to
           communicate
           standing
           ,
           notwithstanding
           that
           other
           custome
           hath
           ceased
           ,
           declareth
           ,
           that
           they
           intended
           never
           geniculation
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           .
           If
           ever
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           had
           been
           in
           use
           among
           them
           ,
           it
           had
           not
           beene
           left
           
           off
           ,
           considering
           mans
           pronnesse
           to
           idolatrie
           and
           superstition
           .
           It
           resteth
           then
           ,
           that
           kneeling
           is
           only
           found
           in
           the
           kirks
           which
           were
           subject
           to
           the
           pope
           .
        
         
           Howbeit
           this
           idolatrous
           gesture
           prevailed
           under
           the
           reigne
           of
           the
           great
           Antichrist
           ,
           yet
           there
           wanteth
           not
           faithful
           witnesses
           to
           stand
           out
           against
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           Waldenses
           ,
           and
           the
           Picardi
           .
           If
           at
           any
           time
           wee
           should
           not
           seeme
           to
           have
           communion
           with
           Antichrist
           we
           should
           most
           of
           all
           at
           this
           holy
           supper
           ,
           which
           setteth
           foorth
           our
           communion
           with
           Christ
           and
           his
           kirk
           .
        
         
           Yee
           see
           then
           ,
           suppose
           that
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           were
           indifferent
           ,
           yet
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           scandall
           ,
           the
           danger
           ,
           and
           inconvenients
           fall
           upon
           it
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           oppose
           it
           .
           But
           we
           are
           now
           to
           prove
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           indifferent
           ,
           but
           idolatrous
           ,
           and
           therefore
           a
           hainous
           sin
           ,
           whether
           we
           consider
           it
           as
           it
           is
           injoined
           by
           the
           act
           of
           the
           pretended
           assembly
           at
           Perth
           ,
           or
           as
           the
           action
           may
           bee
           considered
           simplie
           in
           it self
           .
        
         
           Wee
           are
           directed
           by
           the
           act
           of
           Perth
           to
           kneel
           ,
           in
           reverence
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           which
           is
           idolatrie
           :
           for
           we
           are
           directed
           to
           kneel
           ,
           in
           due
           regard
           of
           so
           divine
           a
           mysterie
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           as
           is
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           or
           as
           is
           the
           receiving
           of
           the
           body
           and
           bloud
           of
           Christ
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           in
           the
           sacramentall
           manner
           .
           Yee
           may
           also
           take
           up
           the
           intent
           of
           the
           act
           ,
           by
           the
           intent
           of
           the
           English
           prelats
           ,
           and
           their
           adherents
           ,
           for
           conformitie
           with
           them
           is
           intended
           .
           Doctour
           Mortoun
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           their
           kirk
           thought
           it
           fit
           ,
           by
           outward
           reverence
           
           in
           the
           manner
           of
           receiving
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           to
           testifie
           their
           due
           estimation
           of
           such
           holy
           rites
           .
           Master
           Hutton
           sayeth
           ,
           they
           kneeled
           ,
           to
           put
           a
           difference
           between
           the
           ordinarie
           bread
           and
           wine
           ,
           and
           the
           sacramentall
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           gave
           the
           more
           reverence
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           more
           than
           ordinarie
           bread
           and
           wine
           .
           Some
           of
           the
           formalists
           pretend
           ,
           that
           they
           kneel
           because
           of
           the
           prayer
           outered
           at
           the
           deliverie
           of
           the
           elements
           :
           but
           that
           short
           bit
           of
           prayer
           ,
           or
           wish
           ,
           is
           ended
           before
           the
           minister
           offer
           the
           bread
           to
           the
           communicante
           ,
           and
           bidde
           him
           take
           it
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           communicant
           is
           injoined
           to
           continue
           still
           upon
           his
           knees
           .
           Nor
           is
           kneeling
           injoined
           to
           them
           by
           statute
           ,
           or
           their
           service
           book
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           prayer
           ,
           but
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           it self
           .
        
         
           Master
           Paybodie
           pag.
           334.
           doth
           freely
           confesse
           ,
           that
           their
           prayer
           is
           not
           the
           principall
           respect
           of
           their
           kneeling
           ,
           nor
           the
           principall
           respect
           upon
           which
           their
           kirk
           injoined
           it
           :
           And
           pag.
           299.
           suppose
           their
           bee
           no
           prayer
           used
           in
           time
           of
           receaving
           ,
           hee
           thinketh
           never
           the
           worse
           of
           the
           gesture
           of
           kneeling
           .
           Doctour
           Mortoun
           ,
           and
           Master
           Hutton
           ,
           as
           yee
           have
           heard
           ,
           professe
           they
           kneel
           ,
           to
           testifie
           their
           due
           estimation
           of
           such
           holy
           rites
           ,
           and
           more
           reverence
           to
           the
           elements
           then
           ordinarie
           bread
           and
           wine
           .
           Now
           to
           testifie
           more
           reverence
           to
           the
           elements
           by
           kneeling
           ,
           is
           to
           testifie
           by
           adoration
           ,
           which
           is
           idolatrie
           .
           Neither
           are
           wee
           directed
           by
           the
           act
           of
           Perth
           ,
           to
           pray
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           ,
           but
           to
           use
           that
           kinde
           of
           gesture
           in
           the
           act
           of
           
           receaving
           ,
           which
           becometh
           meditation
           ,
           &
           lifting
           up
           of
           the
           heart
           ,
           which
           also
           may
           bee
           done
           without
           prayer
           .
           But
           prayer
           can
           not
           consist
           with
           the
           act
           of
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           .
           Wheresoever
           the
           publict
           intent
           of
           a
           kirk
           is
           to
           kneel
           ,
           for
           reverence
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           every
           communicant
           following
           her
           direction
           ,
           is
           an
           idolater
           interpretativè
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           bee
           construed
           both
           before
           God
           and
           man
           ,
           whatsoever
           bee
           his
           own
           private
           intent
           .
           If
           any
           man
           receave
           the
           Sacrament
           upon
           his
           knees
           at
           Rome
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           popish
           kirk
           ,
           whatsoever
           bee
           his
           private
           intent
           ,
           hee
           must
           bee
           interpreted
           to
           kneel
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           intent
           of
           that
           kirk
           .
        
         
           But
           setting
           aside
           the
           act
           of
           the
           assemblie
           at
           Perth
           ,
           which
           is
           only
           a
           null
           and
           pretended
           assemblie
           ,
           we
           shall
           consider
           the
           action
           it self
           ,
           wee
           will
           prove
           that
           it
           can
           not
           be
           done
           but
           for
           reverence
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           or
           sacramentall
           elements
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           reason
           shall
           bee
           this
           ,
           The
           communicant
           is
           tied
           ,
           whether
           by
           direction
           of
           others
           ,
           or
           his
           own
           resolution
           ,
           all
           is
           one
           ,
           to
           kneel
           with
           reverence
           before
           dead
           and
           senselesse
           elements
           ,
           when
           they
           are
           presented
           to
           him
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           Minister
           .
           Wee
           can
           not
           kneel
           to
           God
           in
           prayer
           ,
           but
           there
           are
           many
           things
           before
           us
           by
           casuall
           position
           ,
           neither
           can
           wee
           choose
           to
           do
           otherwise
           .
           But
           if
           wee
           bee
           tied
           to
           kneel
           with
           reverence
           ,
           when
           wee
           are
           to
           doe
           any
           religious
           exercise
           ,
           suppone
           prayer
           ,
           before
           such
           a
           creature
           ,
           suppone
           but
           a
           tree
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           likewise
           tyed
           when
           wee
           pray
           before
           
           any
           other
           creature
           ,
           our
           gesture
           of
           adoration
           can
           not
           bee
           without
           respect
           to
           the
           tree
           .
           God
           himselfe
           never
           appointed
           any
           creature
           to
           bee
           an
           object
           to
           the
           eyes
           of
           man
           ,
           when
           hee
           was
           to
           adore
           him
           upon
           his
           knees
           ,
           but
           only
           directed
           his
           people
           to
           kneel
           toward
           a
           certaine
           place
           ,
           where
           hee
           was
           present
           himselfe
           ,
           in
           an
           extraordinarie
           manner
           ,
           or
           bound
           himselfe
           ,
           by
           promise
           to
           heare
           from
           thence
           ,
           as
           was
           the
           Arke
           ,
           and
           Temple
           ,
           where
           the
           Arke
           was
           .
           The
           Sacramentall
           bread
           is
           not
           a
           place
           of
           Gods
           extraordinare
           presence
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           existing
           of
           Christs
           manhood
           substantiallie
           ,
           or
           of
           promise
           to
           heare
           us
           from
           thence
           .
           
             It
             is
             idolatrie
          
           ,
           sayeth
           Perkinse
           ,
           
             to
             turne
             ,
             dispose
             ,
             or
             direct
             the
             worship
             of
             God
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             part
             thereof
             to
             any
             particular
             place
             ,
             or
             creature
             ,
             wi●hout
             the
             appointment
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             more
             specially
             to
             direct
             our
             adoration
             to
             the
             bread
             ,
             or
             the
             place
             where
             the
             bread
             is
             .
          
        
         
           The
           uncovering
           of
           our
           heads
           is
           a
           gesture
           of
           reverence
           onely
           ,
           and
           that
           only
           amongst
           some
           nations
           ,
           but
           not
           of
           adoration
           .
           Kneeling
           is
           a
           gesture
           of
           adoration
           ,
           either
           civill
           or
           religious
           ,
           amongst
           all
           nations
           .
           I
           will
           not
           kneele
           civilly
           to
           everie
           one
           ,
           to
           whom
           I
           uncover
           my
           head
           civilly
           .
           Every
           one
           that
           standeth
           with
           his
           head
           uncovered
           ,
           in
           presence
           of
           the
           king
           ,
           is
           not
           adoring
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           who
           is
           presenting
           his
           petition
           to
           the
           king
           upon
           his
           knee
           in
           their
           sight
           .
           Further
           our
           heads
           are
           no
           otherwise
           uncovered
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           ,
           then
           in
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           time
           of
           the
           celebration
           ,
           when
           wee
           are
           not
           neare
           the
           elements
           ,
           
           The
           Scripture
           is
           read
           ,
           the
           words
           of
           Christ
           which
           he
           outered
           at
           the
           institution
           are
           still
           and
           often
           repeated
           ,
           his
           actions
           which
           are
           divine
           and
           holy
           are
           reiterated
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           we
           are
           singing
           psalmes
           .
           But
           adoration
           upon
           our
           knees
           can
           not
           consist
           with
           such
           varietie
           of
           actions
           .
        
         
           The
           people
           1
           King.
           18.
           fell
           on
           their
           faces
           ,
           after
           the
           fite
           had
           consumed
           the
           burnt
           sacrifices
           ,
           and
           the
           wood
           ,
           and
           licked
           up
           the
           water
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           :
           for
           it
           is
           not
           likely
           that
           they
           fell
           down
           ,
           till
           they
           had
           seene
           what
           the
           fire
           had
           wrought
           .
           What
           suppose
           they
           had
           fallen
           down
           in
           the
           meantime
           ,
           that
           they
           saw
           the
           fire
           fall
           down
           upon
           the
           sacrifice
           ?
           Is
           it
           any
           wonder
           ,
           that
           men
           amazed
           with
           Gods
           majestie
           in
           a
           miracle
           ,
           fell
           down
           as
           astonished
           ,
           to
           worship
           God
           ?
           Charles
           the
           fift
           after
           his
           farewell
           to
           the
           wars
           ,
           saluted
           the
           Spanish
           shore
           in
           such
           an
           affectionat
           and
           prostrat
           manner
           ,
           as
           his
           meanest
           vassall
           could
           not
           ordinarly
           have
           saluted
           either
           him
           or
           it
           ,
           without
           just
           imputation
           of
           grosse
           idolatrie
           ▪
           Doctour
           Iackson
           〈◊〉
           If
           there
           come
           into
           the
           kirk
           one
           that
           believeth
           not
           ,
           and
           one
           that
           is
           unlearned
           ,
           and
           hear
           one
           after
           another
           prophesie
           ,
           and
           finding
           himself
           convinced
           ,
           and
           the
           secrets
           of
           his
           heart
           made
           manifest
           ,
           were
           it
           any
           wonder
           ,
           if
           he
           fell
           down
           on
           his
           knees
           ,
           &c.
           
           1
           Cor.
           14.
           yet
           if
           he
           fell
           down
           before
           them
           ordinarly
           ,
           were
           it
           not
           idolatrous
           ?
        
         
           When
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           1
           King.
           8.54
           .
           that
           Salomon
           kneeled
           before
           the
           altar
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           when
           hee
           prayed
           at
           the
           dedication
           of
           the
           temple
           .
           The
           altar
           
           is
           not
           set
           down
           there
           as
           the
           object
           ,
           toward
           which
           hee
           directed
           his
           countenance
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           kneeling
           ,
           but
           only
           as
           a
           circumstance
           of
           the
           place
           where
           hee
           was
           ,
           when
           he
           prayed
           at
           that
           time
           .
           Hee
           kneeled
           upon
           the
           brazen
           scaffold
           ,
           which
           was
           over
           against
           the
           altar
           ,
           and
           spread
           his
           hands
           towards
           the
           heavens
           ,
           not
           towards
           the
           altar
           .
           And
           suchlike
           ,
           2
           Chron.
           6.13
           .
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           That
           he
           fell
           down
           upon
           his
           knees
           ,
           before
           all
           the
           congregation
           of
           Israel
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           their
           sight
           and
           presence
           ,
           and
           spread
           foorth
           his
           hands
           towards
           heaven
           :
           It
           is
           not
           said
           ,
           that
           hee
           turned
           his
           face
           towards
           the
           altar
           .
           They
           turned
           their
           face
           ordinarly
           to
           that
           part
           where
           the
           Ark
           was
           ,
           the
           place
           of
           Gods
           extraordinarie
           presence
           ,
           which
           therefore
           in
           Scripture
           is
           called
           sometime
           God
           ,
           sometime
           the
           Lord
           of
           hostes
           ,
           the
           king
           of
           glory
           ,
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Lord.
           Doctour
           Burges
           ,
           pag.
           7.
           sayeth
           ,
           that
           the
           altar
           was
           not
           alreadie
           dedicated
           ,
           but
           was
           in
           the
           doing
           .
           Likewise
           Micha
           6.6
           .
           when
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           
             Wherewith
             shall
             I
             come
             before
             the
             Lord
             ,
             and
             how
             my self
             before
             the
             high
             God
             ?
          
           meaneth
           ,
           that
           they
           bowed
           themselves
           before
           the
           high
           God
           ,
           sitting
           between
           the
           Cherubins
           ,
           not
           towards
           the
           Altar
           .
        
         
           When
           they
           had
           offered
           their
           oblations
           ,
           what
           if
           they
           had
           bowed
           towards
           the
           place
           where
           the
           Ark
           was
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           offering
           to
           God
           ?
           when
           wee
           are
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           eating
           and
           drinking
           ,
           wee
           are
           receiving
           ,
           and
           not
           offering
           .
        
         
           They
           pretend
           the
           sacramentall
           elements
           are
           only
           as
           
             objectum
             à
             quo
             significative
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           an
           active
           object
           
           moving
           them
           to
           worship
           the
           thing
           signified
           or
           God.
           Put
           case
           that
           were
           true
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           helpe
           them
           .
           Durandus
           ,
           Holcot
           ,
           and
           Picus
           Mirandula
           ,
           and
           other
           papists
           professe
           ,
           that
           they
           adored
           the
           prototype
           or
           samplar
           before
           the
           image
           ,
           which
           put
           them
           in
           minde
           of
           the
           samplar
           ,
           and
           spake
           in
           as
           abstract
           a
           manner
           of
           their
           worship
           ,
           as
           the
           formalist
           doeth
           ,
           when
           hee
           pretendeth
           the
           purest
           intent
           hee
           can
           ,
           in
           the
           manner
           of
           his
           adoration
           .
           And
           yet
           were
           accounted
           by
           other
           papists
           good
           catholicks
           .
           Vasquez
           proveth
           ,
           that
           these
           Doctours
           made
           the
           image
           
             obiectum
             quod
          
           ,
           the
           verie
           object
           passive
           of
           adoration
           ,
           and
           that
           both
           the
           samplar
           and
           the
           image
           were
           adored
           together
           :
           For
           they
           used
           the
           same
           respect
           to
           the
           images
           ,
           that
           other
           catholicks
           used
           ,
           they
           uncovered
           their
           head
           to
           them
           ,
           they
           bowed
           towards
           them
           ,
           kneeled
           before
           them
           ,
           and
           kissed
           them
           .
           And
           this
           hee
           defendeth
           to
           bee
           the
           right
           manner
           ,
           when
           the
           image
           and
           samplar
           are
           adored
           with
           one
           adoration
           ,
           the
           inward
           motion
           ,
           and
           submission
           of
           minde
           being
           carried
           to
           the
           samplar
           ,
           and
           outward
           signe
           of
           submission
           to
           the
           image
           ,
           being
           transmitted
           by
           the
           spirit
           ,
           or
           in
           thought
           and
           desire
           to
           the
           samplar
           .
        
         
           This
           Iesuit
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           seventh
           synod
           ,
           their
           were
           some
           enemies
           to
           images
           ,
           who
           were
           content
           that
           images
           were
           brought
           into
           the
           kirk
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           decorement
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           stirre
           up
           the
           remembrance
           of
           the
           samplar
           ,
           that
           before
           them
           they
           might
           reverence
           only
           the
           samplar
           ,
           
           but
           exhibite
           no
           signe
           of
           honour
           or
           submission
           before
           the
           image
           ,
           for
           that
           (
           they
           said
           )
           was
           idolatrie
           :
           and
           therefore
           they
           would
           neither
           kisse
           them
           ,
           nor
           bow
           before
           them
           ;
           but
           standing
           upright
           before
           them
           ,
           being
           stirred
           up
           to
           the
           rememberance
           of
           the
           samplar
           ,
           they
           were
           carried
           only
           in
           their
           minde
           to
           it
           .
           These
           were
           called
           semiprobi
           ,
           as
           wee
           would
           say
           mangrels
           .
           Yee
           see
           then
           that
           taking
           the
           image
           only
           as
           
             objectum
             à
             quo
             significative
          
           ,
           as
           instruments
           and
           meanes
           to
           stir
           up
           their
           remembrance
           ,
           these
           mangrals
           would
           not
           kneel
           before
           them
           :
           for
           then
           ,
           sayeth
           Vasquez
           ,
           they
           should
           have
           adored
           them
           ,
           which
           hee
           in
           his
           popish
           judgement
           thinketh
           they
           should
           have
           done
           .
           So
           if
           the
           elements
           be
           used
           only
           as
           
             obiectum
             à
             quo
             significativè
          
           ,
           to
           stirre
           up
           their
           reverence
           ,
           why
           kneele
           they
           before
           them
           .
           Nay
           ,
           why
           are
           not
           the
           elements
           lifted
           up
           ,
           as
           among
           the
           papists
           ,
           after
           they
           have
           said
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             bodie
          
           ,
           (
           for
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           it
           is
           made
           then
           a
           sacrament
           )
           that
           the
           people
           being
           stirred
           up
           at
           the
           elevation
           ,
           with
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           signifying
           object
           ,
           may
           kneel
           in
           whatsoever
           part
           of
           the
           kirk
           it
           bee
           .
        
         
           If
           our
           formalists
           used
           the
           Sacramentall
           elements
           ,
           only
           as
           an
           active
           object
           to
           stir
           them
           up
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           kneele
           before
           them
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           ,
           more
           then
           when
           they
           are
           stirred
           up
           by
           the
           word
           ,
           or
           works
           of
           God
           ,
           by
           a
           toad
           ,
           an
           asse
           ,
           or
           a
           flie
           .
        
         
         
           But
           say
           they
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           great
           difference
           betwixt
           images
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           inventions
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           work
           of
           God
           ,
           or
           the
           Sacrament
           .
           But
           wee
           say
           ,
           In
           the
           case
           of
           adoration
           there
           is
           no
           difference
           .
           If
           the
           historicall
           use
           of
           images
           bee
           lawfull
           ,
           as
           some
           of
           them
           do
           now
           maintain
           ,
           what
           doth
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           image
           hinder
           to
           fall
           down
           and
           worship
           ,
           if
           their
           reason
           be
           good
           .
           And
           if
           the
           use
           of
           images
           to
           this
           end
           bee
           forbidden
           ,
           so
           are
           also
           the
           creatures
           .
           Wee
           esteeme
           indeed
           more
           of
           the
           works
           of
           God
           ,
           then
           of
           the
           work-man-ship
           of
           man.
           Wee
           owe
           more
           reverence
           at
           the
           hearing
           of
           the
           word
           ,
           decent
           and
           comely
           usage
           in
           the
           participation
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           which
           wee
           owe
           not
           to
           images
           .
           Gods
           word
           and
           works
           are
           ordained
           by
           God
           for
           our
           instruction
           ,
           and
           so
           are
           not
           images
           :
           But
           God
           never
           ordained
           them
           to
           this
           end
           ,
           that
           in
           them
           ,
           by
           them
           ,
           or
           before
           them
           wee
           should
           adore
           him
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           thing
           wee
           are
           put
           in
           remembrance
           of
           by
           them
           .
           The
           brazen
           serpent
           was
           set
           up
           upon
           a
           pole
           ,
           that
           these
           who
           were
           stigned
           with
           the
           firie
           serpents
           ,
           looking
           upon
           it
           ,
           might
           bee
           cured
           .
           Yet
           sayeth
           the
           Iesuit
           Vasquez
           ,
           God
           commanded
           them
           to
           look
           upon
           it
           ,
           standing
           upright
           ,
           without
           any
           adoration
           ,
           or
           signe
           of
           submission
           .
           The
           people
           of
           God
           of
           old
           kneeled
           not
           before
           their
           sacraments
           nor
           heard
           the
           word
           read
           ,
           or
           exponed
           kneeling
           .
           God
           works
           are
           the
           book
           of
           nature
           ,
           to
           teach
           us
           many
           things
           concerning
           God
           :
           But
           we
           must
           not
           therefore
           fall
           down
           before
           the
           Sun
           ,
           or
           Moone
           ,
           before
           
           every
           greene
           tree
           ,
           an
           asse
           ,
           a
           toad
           ,
           when
           they
           work
           at
           the
           sight
           of
           them
           upon
           our
           mindes
           ,
           and
           move
           us
           to
           consider
           Gods
           goodnesse
           ,
           wisdome
           ,
           and
           power
           .
           When
           I
           am
           beholding
           a
           tree
           ,
           an
           asse
           ,
           a
           toad
           ,
           and
           considering
           in
           them
           the
           goodnesse
           ,
           power
           ,
           and
           wisdome
           of
           God
           ,
           I
           am
           reading
           upon
           the
           book
           of
           nature
           ,
           contemplating
           ,
           and
           gathering
           profitable
           instructions
           .
           I
           can
           not
           still
           bee
           contemplating
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           adore
           ,
           kneeling
           in
           prayer
           ,
           or
           praise
           ,
           for
           that
           were
           a
           confusion
           of
           holy
           exercises
           .
           Nor
           yet
           after
           my
           contemplation
           ,
           and
           preparatorie
           work
           to
           worship
           is
           ended
           ,
           must
           I
           tye
           or
           set
           my self
           before
           that
           asse
           ,
           toad
           ,
           or
           tree
           to
           kneel
           ,
           for
           then
           I
           should
           kneel
           for
           a
           greater
           respect
           to
           that
           creature
           ,
           then
           to
           any
           other
           beside
           for
           the
           time
           ,
           before
           which
           I
           might
           have
           kneeled
           casually
           without
           respect
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           moving
           object
           shall
           participate
           of
           the
           externall
           adoration
           ,
           my
           kneeling
           being
           convoyed
           by
           it
           to
           God
           ,
           to
           whom
           it
           is
           directed
           by
           my
           spirit
           or
           affection
           ,
           as
           Vasquez
           hath
           descrived
           the
           manner
           of
           adoration
           of
           images
           .
        
         
           Where
           it
           is
           objected
           ,
           that
           men
           bow
           before
           the
           chaire
           of
           estate
           ,
           or
           the
           Princes
           seale
           ,
           which
           are
           dead
           and
           senselesse
           creatures
           .
           I
           answere
           ,
           Civill
           worship
           is
           conveyed
           ●●mediatly
           to
           the
           person
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           by
           bowing
           before
           such
           senselesse
           creatures
           ,
           because
           men
           think
           it
           expedient
           to
           uphold
           the
           infirmitie
           of
           Princely
           majestie
           by
           such
           meanes
           .
           But
           God
           needeth
           none
           such
           ,
           nor
           will
           have
           none
           .
        
         
         
           Next
           ,
           There
           is
           civill
           ordinances
           of
           the
           estate
           for
           the
           one
           ,
           but
           their
           wanteth
           divine
           ordinance
           for
           the
           other
           .
           Francis
           Whit
           in
           his
           reply
           to
           Fisher
           ,
           pag.
           228.
           sayeth
           ,
           
             Civill
             and
             religious
             worship
             are
             of
             diverse
             beginnings
             and
             formes
             ,
             and
             every
             thing
             that
             is
             possible
             ,
             lawfull
             ,
             and
             commendable
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             in
             the
             other
             .
          
           Augustine
           
             de
             civitate
             Dei
             ,
             lib.
          
           10.
           cap.
           4.
           sayeth
           ,
           
             That
             great
             humilitie
             ,
             or
             pestiferous
             flatterie
             ,
             may
             bee
             the
             originall
             of
             many
             honours
             given
             to
             Princes
             ,
             borrowed
             from
             the
             formes
             used
             in
             GODS
             worship
             .
          
        
         
           Our
           next
           reason
           ,
           Considering
           the
           action
           in
           it selfe
           ,
           without
           respect
           to
           the
           act
           of
           Perth
           ,
           to
           prove
           it
           idolatrous
           ,
           is
           this
           ,
           To
           adore
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           when
           wee
           are
           performing
           an
           outward
           action
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           directed
           to
           GOD
           immediatly
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           action
           are
           occupied
           about
           an
           externall
           object
           ,
           is
           idolatrie
           ,
           unlesse
           that
           whereabout
           the
           action
           is
           imployed
           ,
           bee
           worthie
           of
           divine
           honour
           .
           Our
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           the
           bread
           and
           wine
           at
           the
           Lords
           table
           ,
           is
           not
           an
           action
           directed
           to
           God
           immediatly
           ,
           as
           prayer
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           is
           ,
           not
           yet
           as
           Vasquez
           the
           Iesuit
           sayeth
           ,
           is
           it
           an
           outward
           signe
           of
           adoration
           .
        
         
           Wee
           blesse
           and
           sanctifie
           the
           meat
           upon
           the
           table
           for
           our
           commoun
           use
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           is
           object
           passive
           ,
           not
           of
           adoration
           ▪
           but
           of
           blessing
           and
           sanctification
           for
           our
           use
           .
           Next
           ,
           Wee
           blesse
           sitting
           ,
           or
           standing
           ,
           but
           are
           not
           tied
           to
           kneeling
           :
           Yea
           ,
           we
           read
           not
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           that
           any
           blessed
           the
           meat
           
           upon
           the
           table
           kneeling
           .
           Christ
           himselfe
           blessed
           sitting
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           come
           nearer
           to
           the
           purpose
           ,
           It
           were
           strange
           to
           see
           ,
           after
           the
           meat
           is
           blessed
           ,
           every
           one
           who
           is
           present
           to
           sit
           down
           upon
           his
           knees
           ,
           with
           his
           countenance
           fixed
           upon
           the
           bread
           upon
           the
           table
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           Master
           of
           the
           familie
           or
           feast
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           ,
           eat
           ,
           and
           drink
           .
           Nature
           and
           custome
           teacheth
           us
           ,
           it
           were
           rather
           a
           mocking
           of
           God
           ,
           then
           a
           reverent
           adoration
           of
           him
           .
           But
           you
           will
           say
           ,
           The
           sacramentall
           elements
           are
           holie
           bread
           and
           wine
           ,
           the
           other
           commoun
           and
           extraordinarie
           .
           There
           yee
           betray
           your selfe
           ,
           yee
           kneele
           then
           in
           taking
           ,
           and
           eating
           the
           sacramentall
           bread
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           holie
           .
           Now
           to
           kneele
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           holinesse
           of
           bread
           ,
           and
           wyne
           ,
           is
           idolatrie
           .
           And
           the
           true
           cause
           of
           your
           religious
           respect
           ,
           and
           bowing
           before
           it
           ,
           is
           the
           holinesse
           of
           it
           .
           Wee
           are
           prone
           to
           conceat
           too
           highly
           of
           things
           set
           a
           part
           to
           holy
           uses
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           of
           greater
           worth
           then
           our selves
           ;
           for
           whose
           use
           they
           were
           instituted
           .
        
         
           The
           papist
           thinketh
           hee
           taketh
           and
           eateth
           the
           body
           of
           CHRIST
           ,
           which
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           concomitance
           of
           the
           God-head
           hee
           adoreth
           .
           Neither
           would
           any
           reasonable
           man
           bee
           so
           absurd
           ,
           as
           to
           take
           ,
           eat
           ,
           and
           drink
           ,
           adoring
           ;
           unlesse
           he
           beleeved
           ,
           that
           which
           hee
           were
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           ,
           were
           worthie
           of
           divine
           honour
           .
           
           It
           were
           absurd
           to
           kneel
           before
           an
           earthly
           king
           ,
           and
           still
           to
           bee
           eating
           and
           drinking
           .
           But
           it
           may
           bee
           our
           kneelers
           bee
           grosse
           enough
           in
           the
           opinion
           of
           the
           reall
           presence
           ,
           and
           wee
           heare
           too
           much
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           They
           say
           ,
           Wee
           may
           pray
           mentally
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           ,
           eating
           ,
           therefore
           wee
           may
           kneel
           or
           adore
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           ,
           &c.
           
           I
           answere
           ,
           first
           ,
           Wee
           may
           not
           pray
           when
           wee
           are
           bound
           to
           another
           exercise
           .
           In
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           ,
           wee
           should
           attend
           upon
           the
           audible
           words
           ,
           the
           visible
           signes
           ,
           and
           rites
           ,
           meditate
           upon
           the
           analogic
           betweene
           the
           outward
           signes
           and
           rites
           ,
           and
           the
           things
           signified
           ,
           take
           ,
           eat
           ,
           drink
           mentally
           ,
           and
           spiritually
           by
           faith
           .
           Our
           desires
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           are
           not
           prayers
           :
           Prayer
           is
           more
           than
           desire
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           manifesting
           of
           our
           desires
           to
           God.
           The
           soule
           may
           send
           foorth
           short
           ejaculations
           ,
           like
           darts
           ,
           in
           every
           ordinance
           ,
           and
           these
           ejaculations
           may
           bee
           incident
           to
           all
           our
           actions
           ,
           even
           civill
           ,
           let
           bee
           religious
           ,
           even
           when
           wee
           are
           eating
           and
           drinking
           our
           ordinarie
           meat
           &
           drink
           .
           But
           a
           set
           and
           continued
           prayer
           can
           not
           consist
           with
           other
           actions
           .
           In
           suddaine
           ejaculations
           no
           other
           gesture
           is
           required
           ,
           then
           that
           wherein
           the
           motion
           of
           the
           Spirit
           of
           God
           shall
           finde
           them
           .
           If
           mentall
           prayer
           might
           bee
           permitted
           ,
           it
           is
           secret
           before
           the
           Lord
           ,
           and
           the
           signes
           of
           it
           before
           men
           should
           bee
           concealed
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           What
           necessitie
           is
           it
           to
           pray
           kneeling
           in
           this
           act
           ,
           more
           then
           at
           
           other
           prayers
           at
           which
           yee
           doe
           kneel
           .
           It
           is
           clear
           then
           ,
           yee
           kneel
           not
           in
           regard
           of
           that
           pretended
           prayer
           ,
           but
           because
           yee
           are
           before
           such
           a
           creature
           .
           The
           like
           may
           bee
           said
           of
           thanksgiving
           .
           Ejaculations
           of
           thanks
           may
           agree
           with
           the
           proper
           exercise
           of
           the
           Soule
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           receaving
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           ,
           as
           it
           may
           also
           with
           our
           ordinarie
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           at
           our
           tables
           ,
           but
           not
           a
           set
           thanksgiving
           ,
           which
           should
           require
           the
           attention
           of
           all
           the
           powers
           of
           the
           soule
           ,
           and
           can
           not
           bee
           done
           without
           diverting
           the
           Soule
           from
           the
           exercise
           proper
           for
           the
           time
           .
        
         
           Prayer
           is
           a
           craving
           ,
           our
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           is
           not
           a
           craving
           ,
           but
           a
           receaving
           .
           Thanksgiving
           is
           properly
           directed
           to
           God
           ,
           so
           is
           not
           our
           act
           of
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           .
           The
           Sacrament
           was
           called
           the
           Eucharist
           by
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           not
           for
           the
           act
           of
           taking
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           thansgiving
           preceeding
           ,
           which
           was
           but
           a
           part
           of
           the
           action
           .
           The
           showing
           foorth
           of
           the
           LORDS
           death
           ,
           by
           the
           act
           of
           eating
           and
           drinking
           ,
           is
           but
           only
           a
           representation
           .
           The
           showing
           foorth
           by
           word
           ,
           is
           only
           a
           declaration
           o●
           commemoration
           .
           Representation
           ,
           or
           commemoration
           are
           to
           men
           ,
           and
           not
           GOD
           ,
           resemble
           preaching
           ,
           and
           not
           prayer
           ,
           or
           thanksgiving
           .
           The
           celebration
           of
           the
           action
           it self
           ,
           is
           a
           profession
           of
           thankfulnesse
           before
           man
           for
           a
           great
           benefite
           ,
           but
           not
           thanksgiving
           directed
           to
           God.
           God
           is
           honoured
           by
           preaching
           ,
           prayer
           ,
           singing
           ,
           swearring
           ,
           
           praising
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           adoring
           only
           .
           To
           honour
           is
           more
           generall
           than
           to
           adore
           .
           It
           is
           yet
           objected
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           ,
           wee
           receave
           an
           inestimable
           benefite
           .
           Ought
           not
           a
           subject
           to
           kneele
           ,
           when
           hee
           receaveth
           a
           benefite
           from
           his
           Prince
           ,
           to
           testifie
           his
           thankfulnesse
           ?
           I
           answere
           ,
           If
           wee
           were
           to
           receave
           a
           gift
           ,
           suppose
           but
           a
           morsell
           of
           bread
           ,
           out
           of
           Gods
           owne
           hand
           immediatly
           ,
           we
           ought
           no
           doubt
           to
           adore
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           but
           not
           ,
           if
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           creature
           .
           The
           person
           who
           receaveth
           the
           gift
           from
           the
           King
           ,
           is
           supposed
           to
           receave
           it
           immediatly
           from
           the
           king
           :
           or
           suppose
           hee
           kneele
           receaving
           from
           his
           servant
           ,
           mediat
           civill
           worship
           is
           not
           a
           rule
           for
           religious
           adoration
           ,
           which
           should
           bee
           directed
           to
           God
           immediatly
           .
           Now
           wee
           receave
           the
           Sacrament
           out
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           Minister
           ,
           not
           out
           of
           Christs
           owne
           hand
           .
           Yea
           ,
           the
           Apostles
           at
           the
           first
           supper
           adored
           not
           on
           their
           knees
           ,
           when
           Christ
           himselfe
           ministred
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           howbeit
           upon
           occasion
           ,
           and
           at
           other
           times
           they
           adored
           :
           Nor
           did
           they
           adore
           God
           the
           Father
           upon
           their
           knees
           ,
           for
           the
           benefite
           they
           were
           receaving
           .
           The
           inward
           benefite
           Christs
           body
           and
           bloud
           ,
           is
           not
           the
           outward
           object
           ,
           is
           receaved
           by
           the
           soule
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           body
           ,
           by
           the
           godly
           only
           ,
           not
           by
           all
           that
           receave
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           by
           faith
           imbracing
           Christ
           present
           by
           his
           Spirit
           in
           the
           soule
           .
           Now
           the
           act
           of
           faith
           ,
           or
           believing
           ,
           is
           not
           an
           act
           of
           adoration
           ,
           nor
           is
           it
           expressed
           outwardly
           by
           kneeling
           .
           Wee
           receave
           ,
           eat
           ,
           and
           drink
           Christs
           
           bodie
           and
           bloud
           ,
           as
           soone
           as
           wee
           are
           effectually
           called
           ,
           and
           begin
           to
           believe
           ,
           and
           as
           oft
           as
           we
           believe
           the
           promises
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           when
           wee
           heare
           them
           read
           or
           exponed
           .
           CHRIST
           bodie
           is
           farre
           absent
           from
           us
           at
           the
           receaving
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           .
           We
           are
           united
           with
           Christ
           ,
           and
           made
           members
           of
           his
           bodie
           ,
           before
           wee
           come
           to
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           and
           doe
           not
           receave
           his
           bodie
           at
           everie
           communion
           ,
           as
           if
           wee
           had
           lost
           it
           since
           the
           former
           :
           and
           yet
           there
           is
           but
           one
           bodie
           received
           at
           all
           the
           times
           .
           Wee
           are
           said
           then
           to
           take
           ,
           eat
           ,
           drinke
           Christs
           bodie
           and
           bloud
           at
           every
           celebration
           of
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           because
           wee
           put
           foorth
           our
           faith
           in
           act
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           and
           renewing
           the
           act
           of
           faith
           ,
           wee
           take
           ,
           eat
           ,
           and
           drink
           by
           believing
           ,
           that
           same
           bodie
           and
           bloud
           ,
           which
           wee
           did
           before
           ,
           our
           faith
           being
           strengthened
           by
           the
           outward
           signes
           and
           seales
           to
           that
           end
           ,
           and
           so
           grow
           by
           faith
           in
           union
           with
           Christ.
           Further
           ,
           the
           manner
           or
           forme
           of
           receaving
           a
           gift
           ,
           should
           bee
           answereable
           to
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           offering
           ,
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           gift
           ,
           and
           the
           will
           of
           the
           giver
           .
           If
           a
           King
           call
           his
           Nobles
           to
           a
           banquet
           ,
           it
           is
           his
           will
           that
           they
           sit
           at
           table
           .
           Howsoever
           then
           otherwise
           ,
           and
           at
           other
           occasions
           wee
           behave
           our selves
           as
           supplicants
           ,
           wee
           are
           now
           according
           to
           our
           Lords
           will
           and
           pleasure
           ,
           to
           observe
           that
           externall
           forme
           of
           a
           feast
           ,
           which
           hee
           hath
           left
           to
           his
           kirk
           ,
           and
           to
           act
           thereat
           in
           our
           outward
           carriage
           
           age
           the
           persons
           of
           guests
           ,
           and
           friends
           ,
           as
           hee
           calleth
           us
           ,
           Iohn
           15.15
           .
           Therefore
           howbeit
           the
           inviter
           bee
           a
           great
           person
           ,
           the
           manner
           of
           invitation
           is
           familiar
           ,
           to
           assure
           us
           of
           our
           preferment
           ,
           and
           fellowship
           with
           him
           ,
           howbeit
           there
           bee
           great
           inequalitie
           betweene
           us
           and
           him
           .
           Againe
           ,
           if
           wee
           should
           kneele
           ,
           because
           wee
           are
           receaving
           a
           gift
           ,
           by
           this
           reason
           wee
           should
           kneele
           ,
           when
           wee
           receave
           any
           gift
           or
           benefite
           from
           GOD
           :
           As
           for
           example
           ,
           When
           wee
           are
           eating
           and
           drinking
           our
           ordinarie
           meat
           and
           drink
           .
           If
           yee
           will
           say
           ,
           the
           one
           is
           holy
           ,
           the
           other
           commoun
           ,
           then
           yee
           confesse
           yee
           kneele
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           holinesse
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           idolatrie
           .
           If
           yee
           will
           say
           ,
           yee
           receave
           a
           greater
           gift
           ,
           then
           when
           yee
           receave
           your
           ordinarie
           food
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           more
           ,
           but
           that
           then
           is
           a
           greater
           motive
           .
           Yet
           if
           it
           be
           called
           a
           gift
           ,
           then
           whensoever
           ,
           or
           whatsoever
           gift
           yee
           receave
           ,
           yee
           ought
           to
           kneele
           .
           God
           deserveth
           thanks
           for
           the
           least
           of
           his
           benefits
           ,
           because
           bestowed
           upon
           us
           by
           so
           great
           a
           Lord
           ,
           and
           for
           his
           owne
           excellencie
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           reason
           upon
           Gods
           part
           ,
           that
           moveth
           us
           to
           adore
           him
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           frivolous
           which
           is
           alleadged
           ,
           that
           what
           we
           crave
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           wee
           may
           receave
           upon
           our
           knees
           :
           For
           wee
           crave
           our
           dayly
           food
           ,
           rayment
           ,
           and
           other
           necessars
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           and
           yet
           wee
           receave
           them
           not
           ,
           nor
           use
           them
           upon
           our
           knees
           .
           It
           is
           as
           frivolous
           ,
           That
           what
           wee
           crave
           of
           GOD
           
           upon
           our
           knees
           in
           publict
           worship
           ,
           wee
           may
           receive
           upon
           our
           knees
           .
           For
           wee
           may
           crave
           in
           the
           time
           of
           publick
           worship
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           things
           necessarie
           for
           this
           temporall
           life
           ,
           and
           so
           wee
           doe
           ,
           when
           in
           the
           Lords
           prayer
           wee
           pray
           ,
           
             Give
             us
             this
             day
             our
             dayly
             bread
             .
          
           By
           this
           kinde
           of
           reasoning
           ,
           what
           I
           crave
           in
           private
           worship
           upon
           my
           knees
           ,
           I
           may
           receave
           upon
           my
           knees
           .
           But
           it
           is
           not
           the
           diversitie
           of
           the
           time
           and
           place
           where
           wee
           crave
           ,
           or
           receive
           the
           benefite
           ,
           more
           then
           the
           diversitie
           of
           the
           benefite
           it selfe
           ,
           that
           is
           the
           ground
           of
           adoration
           ,
           but
           Gods
           excellencie
           ,
           as
           wee
           said
           before
           .
        
         
           They
           consider
           not
           that
           these
           three
           things
           ought
           to
           bee
           distinguished
           ,
           blessing
           ,
           or
           sanctifying
           the
           creature
           ,
           or
           meane
           GOD
           hath
           appointed
           ,
           either
           for
           our
           temporall
           or
           spirituall
           life
           ,
           before
           the
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           use
           it selfe
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           after
           the
           use
           ,
           the
           blessing
           before
           meat
           ,
           the
           use
           of
           meat
           in
           receaving
           ,
           eating
           ,
           drinking
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           after
           ,
           blessing
           before
           the
           reading
           ,
           preaching
           ,
           or
           hearing
           of
           the
           word
           ,
           the
           act
           it selfe
           ,
           reading
           ,
           hearing
           ,
           preaching
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           to
           GOD
           after
           ,
           blessing
           before
           the
           receaving
           the
           sacramentall
           elements
           ,
           the
           receiving
           and
           participation
           it selfe
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           after
           .
        
         
           They
           ask
           if
           humilitie
           and
           reverence
           bee
           not
           requisite
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           the
           sacramentall
           
           elements
           .
           I
           answere
           ,
           Yes
           ,
           in
           all
           religious
           exercises
           ,
           hearing
           of
           the
           word
           ,
           reading
           of
           the
           word
           ,
           &c.
           
           But
           it
           followeth
           not
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           bee
           humiliation
           upon
           our
           knees
           ,
           because
           humilitie
           of
           minde
           is
           required
           :
           nor
           adoration
           ,
           because
           reverence
           is
           required
           .
           Is
           there
           no
           reverence
           nor
           humilitie
           ,
           but
           in
           kneeling
           before
           dead
           and
           senslesse
           elements
           ?
           Humilitie
           is
           an
           habit
           ,
           adoration
           is
           an
           act
           .
           The
           act
           of
           humilitie
           is
           immanent
           ,
           whereby
           any
           one
           resteth
           content
           with
           his
           owne
           ranke
           ,
           and
           doeth
           not
           conceat
           greater
           worth
           in
           himselfe
           then
           there
           is
           ,
           specially
           in
           comparison
           with
           GOD.
           Adoration
           is
           a
           transient
           act
           ,
           whereby
           a
           man
           goeth
           out
           of
           himselfe
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           to
           direct
           some
           homage
           ,
           and
           worship
           to
           GOD.
           Reverence
           is
           commoun
           to
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           GODS
           worship
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           a
           distinct
           kinde
           of
           worship
           ,
           as
           is
           adoration
           .
           
             The
             pretence
             of
             reverence
             can
             not
             bee
             a
             sufficient
             reason
             ,
             for
             the
             altering
             the
             ordinance
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             the
             opinion
             of
             reverence
             hath
             often
             beene
             the
             dame
             and
             nource
             of
             manifold
             superstitions
             ,
          
           sayeth
           Bishop
           Mortoun
           upon
           the
           Lords
           supper
           ,
           pag.
           63.
           
        
         
           Seeing
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receiving
           the
           Sacramentall
           elements
           ,
           eating
           ,
           and
           drinking
           is
           idolatrie
           ,
           and
           can
           not
           bee
           used
           but
           idolatrously
           ,
           it
           followeth
           ,
           that
           kneeling
           in
           the
           act
           of
           receaving
           brought
           not
           in
           artolatrie
           ,
           or
           bread-worship
           ,
           as
           some
           mistaking
           counterfoot
           works
           
           of
           old
           writers
           for
           genuin●
           have
           imagined
           .
           The
           corrupting
           of
           the
           doctrine
           ,
           with
           the
           opinion
           of
           the
           reall
           presence
           ,
           the
           receiving
           in
           at
           the
           mouth
           from
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           priest
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           superstitious
           conceats
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           worshipping
           of
           images
           ,
           brought
           in
           kneeling
           .
           But
           it
           was
           ever
           idolatrous
           from
           the
           first
           beginning
           and
           birth
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           can
           not
           possibly
           be
           purged
           of
           idolatrie
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           OF
           FESTIVAL
           DAYES
           .
        
         
           THE
           observation
           of
           festivall
           dayes
           hath
           been
           rejected
           by
           our
           kirk
           ,
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the●●
           reformation
           ,
           in
           the
           explication
           of
           the
           first
           head
           of
           the
           first
           book
           of
           discipline
           ,
           in
           the
           assemblie
           holden
           anno
           1566.
           where
           the
           latter
           confession
           of
           Helvetia
           was
           approved
           ,
           but
           with
           speciall
           exception
           against
           these
           same
           dayes
           which
           are
           now
           urged
           .
           In
           the
           assembly
           holden
           anno
           1575.
           the
           assembling
           of
           the
           people
           to
           preaching
           and
           prayers
           ,
           upon
           festivall
           dayes
           w●●
           censured
           .
           An
           article
           was
           likewise
           formed
           to
           bee
           presented
           to
           the
           Regent
           ,
           craving
           ,
           that
           all
           dayes
           heretofore
           keeped
           holy
           in
           time
           of
           papistrie
           besides
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           be
           abolished
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           civill
           penaltie
           bee
           inflicted
           upon
           the
           observers
           .
        
         
           By
           ordinance
           of
           the
           assembly
           ,
           in
           Aprile
           1577.
           
           Ministers
           were
           to
           bee
           admonished
           ,
           not
           to
           preach
           or
           minister
           the
           communion
           at
           Easter
           or
           Christmas
           ,
           or
           other
           like
           superstitious
           times
           ,
           or
           readers
           to
           read
           ,
           under
           the
           pain
           of
           deprivation
           .
           The
           pulpits
           have
           founded
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           against
           all
           shew
           of
           observing
           these
           dayes
           .
           But
           at
           the
           pretended
           and
           null
           assembly
           ,
           holden
           at
           Perth
           ,
           a
           number
           not
           having
           power
           to
           vote
           ,
           presumed
           to
           bring
           in
           a
           contrare
           practise
           .
        
         
         
           Our
           first
           reason
           against
           these
           holy
           festivities
           ,
           God
           hath
           only
           power
           to
           sanctifie
           a
           day
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           holy
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           separate
           it
           from
           commoun
           use
           to
           holy
           exercises
           yearly
           .
           God
           hath
           given
           libertie
           to
           man
           to
           work
           sex
           dayes
           .
           No
           man
           ought
           to
           bee
           compelled
           to
           keepe
           them
           holy
           ,
           but
           when
           GOD
           himself
           maketh
           exception
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           by
           the
           yoke
           of
           some
           anniversarie
           dayes
           by
           the
           law
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           reason
           ,
           None
           appointed
           holy
           festivities
           under
           the
           law
           ,
           when
           the
           times
           were
           more
           ceremonious
           ,
           but
           God
           himself
           .
           The
           dayes
           of
           Purim
           were
           called
           simply
           the
           dayes
           of
           Purim
           ,
           not
           the
           holy
           dayes
           of
           Purim
           ,
           or
           feast
           of
           Purim
           .
           No
           peculiar
           sacrifice
           was
           appointed
           ,
           nor
           any
           holy
           convocation
           of
           the
           people
           injoined
           .
           The
           ordinance
           required
           but
           fasting
           ,
           joy
           ,
           and
           sending
           of
           portions
           to
           other
           .
           The
           memoriall
           dayes
           of
           the
           dedication
           were
           called
           the
           dayes
           of
           dedication
           ,
           not
           the
           feast
           of
           dedication
           .
           They
           were
           not
           holy
           dayes
           ,
           or
           festivall
           solemnities
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Hookers
           three
           elements
           ,
           praises
           set
           foorth
           with
           chearfull
           alacritie
           of
           minde
           ,
           delite
           expressed
           by
           charitable
           largenesse
           ,
           more
           then
           commoun
           bountie
           ;
           and
           sequestration
           from
           ordinarie
           works
           .
           The
           times
           were
           corrupt
           ,
           when
           these
           dayes
           were
           appointed
           .
           As
           for
           Christs
           conference
           in
           the
           porch
           of
           the
           temple
           ,
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           dedication
           ,
           it
           proveth
           not
           that
           hee
           honoured
           that
           feast
           ,
           as
           they
           call
           it
           ,
           with
           his
           presence
           ,
           only
           the
           circumstance
           of
           time
           is
           pointed
           at
           ,
           when
           Christ
           had
           this
           conference
           .
           
           Christ
           come
           up
           to
           the
           feast
           of
           the
           tabernacles
           before
           ,
           and
           stayed
           in
           Ierusalem
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           dayes
           of
           dedication
           fell
           foorth
           ,
           and
           hee
           went
           away
           immediatly
           after
           his
           conference
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           reason
           ,
           Neither
           Christ
           nor
           his
           apostles
           appointed
           festivall
           dayes
           to
           bee
           observed
           by
           Christians
           ,
           but
           rather
           inhibited
           the
           observation
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           changed
           only
           the
           old
           sabbath
           into
           the
           first
           day
           of
           the
           week
           .
           The
           anniversarie
           solemnities
           were
           not
           changed
           ,
           but
           altogether
           abrogated
           .
           The
           apostle
           having
           occasion
           to
           teach
           upon
           this
           subject
           ,
           condemneth
           observation
           of
           dayes
           ceremoniall
           ,
           or
           of
           ceremoniall
           nature
           .
           They
           were
           a
           rudimentarie
           instruction
           of
           old
           ,
           which
           beseemeth
           not
           the
           state
           of
           a
           Christian
           kirk
           ,
           and
           cleare
           light
           of
           the
           Gospel
           .
           Yea
           ,
           the
           very
           dayes
           of
           Purim
           ,
           and
           the
           dayes
           of
           dedication
           were
           of
           a
           ceremoniall
           nature
           ,
           saith
           Doctour
           Mortoun
           in
           his
           defence
           ,
           pag.
           64.
           
           To
           celebrate
           the
           memorie
           of
           a
           particular
           act
           of
           Christ
           ,
           at
           a
           set
           time
           in
           the
           year
           ,
           with
           cessation
           from
           work
           ,
           sermons
           ,
           gospels
           ,
           epistles
           ,
           collects
           ,
           and
           hymnes
           belonging
           therto
           ,
           with
           joy
           and
           gladnesse
           ,
           without
           admitting
           a
           fast
           at
           any
           time
           ,
           is
           not
           to
           observe
           a
           day
           morallie
           ,
           but
           ceremoniallie
           .
           If
           there
           had
           beene
           other
           festivall
           dayes
           ,
           which
           might
           have
           beene
           observed
           by
           Christians
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           having
           so
           fair
           occasion
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           treating
           of
           the
           observation
           of
           dayes
           ,
           hee
           would
           not
           have
           spoken
           so
           generally
           ,
           but
           directed
           Christians
           to
           the
           observing
           of
           these
           .
           If
           other
           dayes
           had
           bene
           
           dedicat
           to
           Christ
           then
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           they
           should
           all
           have
           beene
           called
           the
           Lords
           dayes
           ,
           but
           the
           scripture
           maketh
           mention
           of
           one
           day
           ,
           called
           the
           Lords
           day
           .
           Socrates
           in
           his
           historie
           sayeth
           ,
           Hee
           is
           of
           the
           opinion
           ,
           that
           as
           many
           other
           things
           crept
           in
           of
           custome
           in
           sundrie
           places
           ,
           so
           did
           the
           feast
           of
           Easter
           prevaile
           among
           all
           people
           of
           a
           certain
           privat
           custome
           and
           observation
           .
           If
           the
           Apostles
           had
           appointed
           it
           ,
           they
           had
           agreed
           upon
           the
           day
           ,
           seing
           they
           were
           directed
           infalliblie
           by
           the
           Spirit
           .
        
         
           Our
           fourth
           reason
           ,
           If
           it
           had
           beene
           the
           will
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           the
           severall
           acts
           of
           Christ
           should
           have
           bene
           celebrated
           with
           severall
           solemnities
           ,
           the
           holy
           Ghost
           would
           have
           made
           known
           the
           day
           of
           his
           nativitie
           ,
           circumcision
           ,
           presenting
           to
           the
           temple
           ,
           baptisme
           ,
           transfiguration
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           .
           But
           it
           is
           confessed
           ,
           that
           the
           day
           of
           Christs
           nativitie
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           the
           rest
           depending
           thereupon
           ,
           are
           hid
           from
           mortall
           men
           .
           And
           this
           is
           sufficient
           to
           declare
           the
           will
           of
           God
           concerning
           other
           notable
           acts
           ,
           which
           were
           known
           ,
           that
           not
           the
           act
           or
           action
           upō
           such
           day
           maketh
           a
           day
           holy
           ,
           but
           divine
           institution
           .
           No
           man
           denieth
           but
           the
           nativitie
           of
           Christ
           should
           be
           remembred
           ,
           and
           so
           it
           is
           ,
           whersoever
           the
           gospel
           is
           preached
           .
           But
           we
           deny
           that
           the
           memorie
           of
           it
           must
           be
           celebrated
           with
           the
           solemnitie
           of
           a
           festivall
           day
           ,
           with
           cessation
           from
           work
           ,
           feasting
           or
           forbearance
           of
           fasting
           ,
           and
           a
           proper
           service
           .
        
         
           Our
           fift
           reason
           ,
           Suppose
           observing
           of
           holy
           dayes
           had
           been
           at
           the
           first
           a
           matter
           indifferent
           ,
           yet
           seing
           
           they
           have
           beene
           abused
           ,
           and
           polluted
           with
           superstition
           ,
           they
           ought
           to
           be
           abolished
           .
           And
           therefore
           Zanchius
           approveth
           them
           who
           have
           abolished
           all
           other
           dayes
           ,
           but
           the
           Lords
           day
           .
           Sure
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           in
           former
           times
           holie
           dayes
           have
           beene
           abused
           ,
           not
           only
           with
           licentious
           ravelling
           and
           surfitting
           ,
           but
           also
           with
           the
           opinion
           of
           worship
           and
           merit
           ,
           and
           a
           Iudaicall
           conceat
           ,
           that
           the
           devil
           is
           not
           so
           bold
           to
           tempt
           men
           on
           these
           dayes
           ,
           as
           at
           other
           times
           .
           Suppose
           observation
           were
           free
           of
           these
           abuses
           ,
           yet
           it
           may
           degener
           after
           the
           same
           manner
           ,
           as
           before
           :
           but
           the
           observation
           is
           not
           ,
           nor
           can
           not
           be
           free
           of
           abuse
           and
           superstition
           .
           They
           say
           ,
           they
           esteeme
           them
           not
           holier
           then
           other
           dayes
           ,
           but
           only
           keepe
           them
           for
           order
           and
           policie
           ,
           that
           the
           people
           may
           be
           assembled
           to
           religious
           exercises
           ,
           and
           instructed
           in
           the
           mysteries
           of
           religion
           .
           But
           both
           are
           false
           .
           The
           papist
           confesse
           themselves
           ,
           that
           one
           day
           is
           not
           holier
           then
           an
           other
           ,
           in
           the
           own
           nature
           ,
           no
           not
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           but
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           use
           and
           end
           :
           And
           so
           doe
           our
           formalists
           esteeme
           our
           festivall
           dayes
           holier
           then
           other
           dayes
           ,
           and
           call
           them
           holy
           daies
           .
           And
           as
           for
           worship
           ,
           If
           the
           observing
           of
           a
           day
           holie
           ,
           for
           the
           honouring
           of
           a
           Saint
           ,
           be
           a
           worshipping
           of
           the
           Saint
           ,
           the
           observing
           of
           a
           day
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           Christ
           cannot
           bee
           without
           opinion
           of
           worship
           .
           They
           are
           called
           mysticall
           dayes
           ,
           and
           appointed
           for
           the
           solemnitie
           of
           some
           mysterie
           of
           religion
           ,
           and
           are
           ordered
           according
           to
           the
           known
           and
           supposed
           times
           ,
           when
           such
           things
           fell
           foorth
           ,
           to
           
           wit
           ,
           Christs
           nativitie
           ,
           passion
           ,
           ascension
           ,
           &c.
           
           If
           only
           for
           order
           or
           policie
           ,
           wherefore
           is
           there
           but
           one
           day
           betweene
           the
           passion
           and
           the
           resurrection
           ,
           fourtie
           dayes
           betweene
           the
           resurrection
           and
           ascension
           ,
           and
           then
           again
           ,
           but
           ten
           betwixt
           the
           ascension
           and
           whitsonday
           .
           May
           not
           ,
           and
           are
           not
           Christians
           instructed
           in
           the
           mysteries
           of
           religion
           ,
           without
           the
           solemnities
           of
           dayes
           ,
           and
           appropriation
           of
           service
           to
           them
           ,
           after
           the
           Iewish
           manner
           ?
           Do
           wee
           not
           appropriate
           to
           the
           day
           of
           Christs
           nativitie
           a
           peculiar
           kinde
           of
           service
           ,
           of
           epistles
           ;
           gospels
           ,
           collects
           ,
           hymnes
           ,
           homilies
           ,
           belonging
           to
           Christs
           nativitie
           ,
           and
           think
           it
           absurd
           to
           performe
           the
           like
           service
           upon
           any
           other
           day
           ,
           with
           cessation
           from
           work
           .
           To
           observe
           dayes
           after
           this
           manner
           ,
           is
           not
           like
           the
           appointing
           of
           hours
           for
           preaching
           ,
           or
           prayers
           on
           week
           daies
           ,
           or
           times
           for
           celebrating
           the
           comunion
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           policie
           set
           down
           by
           everie
           particular
           congregation
           .
           Wee
           use
           time
           then
           only
           as
           a
           circumstance
           ,
           and
           for
           order
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           appropriate
           these
           divine
           exercises
           to
           these
           times
           .
           Howbeit
           Christ
           rose
           upon
           the
           Lords
           day
           yet
           was
           it
           not
           appointed
           to
           be
           observed
           after
           the
           Iewish
           manner
           of
           observation
           of
           their
           festivals
           ,
           for
           then
           every
           Lords
           day
           ,
           the
           matter
           of
           sermons
           ,
           collects
           ,
           hymnes
           ,
           gospels
           ,
           &c.
           should
           have
           beene
           only
           Christs
           resurrection
           .
           But
           yee
           see
           the
           use
           and
           end
           is
           morall
           and
           generall
           ,
           for
           the
           instruction
           of
           the
           people
           of
           God
           in
           all
           mysteries
           of
           religion
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           passage
           of
           Master
           
             William
             Covvper
          
           pretended
           bishop
           of
           Gallovvay
           ,
           his
           sermon
           delivered
           before
           the
           Estates
           ,
           anno
           1606.
           at
           which
           time
           hee
           was
           Minister
           at
           Perth
           .
           On
           2
           Corinth
           .
           6.3.4
           .
        
         
           AS
           to
           the
           giving
           of
           offences
           ,
           our
           Saviour
           hath
           forewarned
           us
           ,
           that
           there
           will
           bee
           offences
           ,
           but
           he
           hath
           pronounced
           a
           fearfull
           wo
           upon
           them
           by
           whom
           offences
           come
           ,
           
             It
             were
             better
          
           ,
           sayeth
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           
             that
             a
             milestone
             were
             put
             about
             his
             neck
             and
             hee
             cast
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             sea
             .
          
           And
           by
           the
           law
           of
           Moses
           hee
           was
           accursed
           ,
           that
           laid
           a
           stumbling
           block
           before
           the
           blinde
           .
           The
           equitie
           of
           that
           law
           yet
           remaineth
           under
           the
           gospel
           ,
           binding
           the
           Christian
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           put
           an
           occasion
           to
           fall
           ,
           or
           a
           stumbling
           block
           before
           his
           brethren
           ,
           but
           most
           of
           al
           a
           Christian
           preacher
           ,
           his
           office
           is
           to
           edifie
           others
           in
           the
           most
           holy
           faith
           ,
           and
           to
           strengthen
           the
           brethren
           ,
           hee
           being
           converted
           himself
           .
           It
           should
           therefore
           be
           far
           from
           him
           ,
           to
           give
           any
           that
           are
           weak
           an
           occasion
           to
           stumble
           and
           fall
           :
           generally
           hee
           may
           do
           it
           by
           his
           evill
           life
           ,
           for
           hardly
           can
           weak
           ones
           believe
           that
           the
           religion
           is
           good
           ,
           
           where
           the
           life
           is
           evill
           :
           yea
           ,
           by
           it
           they
           take
           occasion
           to
           blaspheme
           the
           truth
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           speake
           evil
           of
           his
           name
           .
           A
           preacher
           is
           compared
           by
           our
           Saviour
           to
           a
           candle
           ,
           to
           shine
           to
           others
           ;
           and
           againe
           ,
           to
           the
           salt
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           should
           season
           others
           .
           A
           candle
           once
           lighted
           ,
           if
           it
           dieth
           out
           ,
           smelleth
           worse
           then
           if
           it
           had
           never
           beene
           lighted
           ,
           and
           salt
           that
           is
           made
           by
           concoction
           of
           salt
           matters
           ,
           if
           againe
           it
           returne
           into
           water
           ,
           becometh
           more
           unsavorie
           ,
           and
           unpleasant
           to
           the
           taste
           then
           any
           other
           water
           :
           so
           ,
           a
           preacher
           once
           separate
           by
           God
           ,
           chosen
           out
           from
           the
           world
           ,
           &
           entered
           into
           a
           holy
           calling
           ,
           if
           again
           he
           return
           to
           be
           a
           worldling
           ,
           if
           in
           his
           life
           he
           become
           profane
           ,
           and
           suffer
           the
           light
           that
           is
           in
           him
           become
           darknesse
           ,
           falling
           away
           from
           his
           first
           love
           ,
           of
           all
           the
           men
           in
           the
           world
           hee
           becometh
           the
           greatest
           offence
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           that
           man
           shall
           bee
           worse
           then
           his
           beginning
           .
           These
           are
           the
           words
           I
           spake
           the
           last
           time
           ,
           wherewith
           yee
           were
           offended
           ,
           and
           now
           I
           repeat
           them
           ,
           that
           others
           may
           see
           no
           cause
           of
           offence
           is
           in
           them
           .
           More
           specially
           a
           preacher
           giveth
           offence
           ,
           by
           doing
           any
           of
           these
           two
           things
           :
           First
           ,
           when
           a
           preacher
           of
           greater
           gifts
           and
           knowledge
           ,
           howsoever
           
           hee
           do
           it
           of
           a
           good
           intention
           ,
           draweth
           on
           a
           weaker
           brother
           to
           follow
           him
           in
           a
           cause
           wherein
           hee
           hath
           not
           a
           warrant
           from
           God.
           A
           notable
           example
           whereof
           we
           have
           2
           King.
           13.
           where
           a
           prophet
           of
           Iuda
           being
           sent
           to
           Bethel
           ,
           to
           denounce
           the
           judgements
           of
           God
           against
           Ieroboam
           ,
           for
           his
           idolatrie
           ,
           was
           commanded
           neither
           to
           eat
           nor
           drink
           in
           Bethel
           .
           Ieroboam
           could
           not
           beguile
           him
           ,
           for
           hee
           gave
           the
           king
           this
           answere
           ,
           
             If
             thou
             would
             give
             me
             the
             half
             of
             thy
             house
             ,
             I
             wold
             not
             goin
             with
             thee
             ,
             nor
             eat
             bread
             ;
             nor
             drink
             water
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             for
             so
             I
             was
             charged
             by
             the
             word
             of
             the
             Lord.
          
           But
           an
           old
           prophet
           deceived
           him
           ,
           saying
           ,
           
             I
             am
             also
             a
             prophet
             as
             well
             as
             thou
             art
             ,
             and
             an
             angel
             of
             God
             commanded
             me
             to
             bring
             thee
             into
             my
             house
             ,
             and
             cause
             thee
             eat
             bread
             .
          
           Thus
           the
           authoritie
           ,
           the
           age
           ,
           the
           pretended
           light
           of
           an
           other
           prophet
           draweth
           either
           prophets
           in
           an
           evill
           course
           ,
           whereunto
           otherwise
           they
           would
           not
           bee
           easily
           induced
           .
           Heereby
           wee
           that
           are
           of
           meane
           gifts
           in
           the
           ministrie
           are
           admonished
           ,
           never
           to
           depart
           from
           that
           immediat
           warrant
           of
           doingin
           our
           calling
           :
           we
           have
           of
           the
           word
           of
           God
           ,
           for
           any
           mediat
           warrant
           brought
           out
           of
           
           the
           promptuarie
           of
           mans
           wit
           ,
           suppose
           it
           were
           covered
           with
           never
           so
           fair
           pretences
           :
           yea
           suppose
           an
           angel
           would
           come
           from
           heaven
           ,
           and
           bring
           an
           other
           doctrine
           then
           that
           which
           is
           delivered
           us
           in
           the
           word
           ,
           wee
           are
           not
           to
           credite
           him
           ,
           far
           lesse
           an
           earthly
           man
           that
           speaketh
           ,
           but
           contrariwise
           to
           hold
           him
           accursed
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           thing
           wherein
           the
           preacher
           may
           give
           offence
           ,
           is
           ,
           if
           hee
           alter
           or
           change
           in
           any
           point
           of
           his
           calling
           ,
           either
           in
           doctrine
           or
           discipline
           ,
           departing
           from
           that
           which
           once
           hee
           maintained
           .
           This
           rule
           is
           given
           us
           by
           the
           apostle
           ,
           Gal.
           2.18
           .
           
             If
             I
             build
             again
             these
             things
             I
             have
             destroyed
             ,
             I
             make
             my self
             a
             transgressour
             .
          
           This
           is
           a
           rule
           by
           which
           ye
           can
           not
           refuse
           to
           be
           tried
           ,
           and
           which
           necessarly
           binds
           you
           to
           stand
           to
           that
           truth
           of
           doctrine
           and
           discipline
           yee
           have
           once
           embraced
           ,
           unlesse
           yee
           would
           be
           found
           trespassers
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           give
           just
           cause
           of
           offence
           that
           our
           ministrie
           should
           bee
           reprehended
           .
           If
           ye
           have
           any
           new
           light
           ye
           had
           not
           before
           ,
           communicat
           to
           other
           brethren
           ,
           that
           we
           also
           may
           follow
           you
           .
           If
           not
           ,
           I
           beseech
           you
           walk
           not
           in
           that
           course
           ,
           wherein
           the
           light
           of
           GOD
           doth
           not
           allow
           you
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .