The unreasonableness of a separation from the new bishops, or, A treatise out of ecclesiastical history shewing that although a bishop was unjustly deprived, neither he nor the church ever made a separation, if the successor was not a heretick / translated out of an ancient Greek manuscript in the publick library at Oxford, by Humfrey Hody ... Anglicani novi schismatis redargutio. English. 1691 Approx. 46 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 19 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A52277 Wing N1076 ESTC R18833 12171540 ocm 12171540 55409 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A52277) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 55409) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 430:14) The unreasonableness of a separation from the new bishops, or, A treatise out of ecclesiastical history shewing that although a bishop was unjustly deprived, neither he nor the church ever made a separation, if the successor was not a heretick / translated out of an ancient Greek manuscript in the publick library at Oxford, by Humfrey Hody ... Anglicani novi schismatis redargutio. English. Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus, ca. 1256-ca. 1335. Hody, Humphrey, 1659-1707. [10], 26 p. Printed by J. Heptinstall for Henry Mortlock ..., London : 1691. The text of the original was published by Hody with the title Anglicani novi schismatis redargutio, and ascribed by him and Wing to Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus. Written by an unknown author who lived about 1237. Cf. BM. Published by Hody to illustrate his disapproval of the position taken up by the nonjuring bishops. Cf. DNB. Abstract of the treatise: p. 23-26. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Includes bibliographical references. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Church history -- Middle Ages, 600-1500. Nonjurors -- Early works to 1800. Schism -- Early works to 1800. 2003-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-12 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-12 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2004-12 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE UNREASONABLENESS OF A SEPARATION From the New Bishops : OR , A TREATISE OUT OF Ecclesiastical History . SHEWING , That although a Bishop was unjustly deprived , neither He nor the Church ever made a Separation ; if the Successor was not a Heretick . Translated out of an ancient Greek Manuscript in the Publick Library at Oxford , by Humfrey Hody , B.D. Fellow of Wadham College . LONDON , Printed by I. Heptinstall , for Henry Mortlock , at the Phoenix in S. Paul's Church-yeard , MDCXCI . Viro Summo , Sapientissimo , Sanctissimóque , R. R. in Christo Patri ac Domino D no JOHANNI , Divinâ Providentiâ Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi , Totius Angliae Primati & Metropolitano , ANTISTITI verè ORTHODOXO , Tractatum hunc contra Schisma , Sincerissimo affectu , Animóque Pacis ac Tranquillitatis Ecclesiae cupientissimo , è tenebris suis jam editum , Reverentiâ maximâ , quâque per est humilitate , Dicat consecrátque HVMFREDVS HODIVS . THE PREFACE . THE Greek Manuscript , from which this Treatise is translated , is in that part of the Publick Library at Oxon , that is called the Baroccian ; the CXLII d in number , according to the order those Books are set in at present ; where it may be seen by any , that either out of Curiosity may desire satisfaction ; or have any Suspicion , that the whole may be an Imposture , or any part of it an Interpolation . For as for the exactness and fidelity that has been used in this English Interpretation , we appeal to the Original Greek ; which is now in the Press , and will speedily be published with a Latin Version . 'T is very likely that this at Oxford is the only Copy of this Book now remaining in the World. And that it should be preserved till our Times , and yet hitherto be overlooked ; and at this very Juncture be taken notice of , and so opportunely brought to light , seems to be more than a fortuitous Hit ; it appears to have something of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and a singular Providence in it . God grant , it may have that good effect upon those unsatisfied persons of the Church of England ; which so many examples and authorities of Antiquity ( that Antiquity , which they profess to imitate , and pretend to allege ) may give us reason to expect . Surely no uncharitable aspersions of Time-serving , courting Preferment , or the like , that might be cast upon any that should write now in this Cause , can take place against this Author , so remote from the present Age and Controversie . 'T is pity we cannot know , whom we are obliged to for this Excellent Tract . There 's no Name prefixt before it ; nor any Characters in it , that may lead us to a probable conjecture about the Author . But for his Age , without question he lived CCCC Years ago : Seeing that the last History he produces , is in the XII Century ; and the latest Author he cites , was in the beginning of the XIII . And as to his Authority and Credit , though we need be less concerned about that , because he relates every thing from the Testimonies of others ; and much more than is here said , may be easily made out from approved and authentick Historians : yet He himself appears to have been no inconsiderable person , and , I believe , no less than a Bishop . That this Treatise was a Sermon , may be manifestly discover'd from two passages in the 18 * and 19 pages ; where he addresses himself to his Auditor , and not his Reader . And the bulk of it is agreeable to a Greek Homily . And that the Author lived under the Jurisdiction of the See of Constantinople , will be granted without difficulty ; because he has confined himself to the Histories in the Succession of those Patriarchs , and from his own words , page 22. That from five Constantinopolitan Bishops the Ordinations of all the Clergy were conveyed down to his time . The occasion of composing our MS. seems to have been this . A Patriarch of Constantinople ( right or wrong ) was deposed , and another preferr'd to the See. Vpon this some Friends and Dependants of the Deprived began to make a Party , and stir up the people to a Schism : giving out , That the former was still their genuine and Canonical Bishop ; that it was sinfull to have Communion with the New one ; and that all his Ordinations would be invalid . Whereupon our Author , probably one of the Bishops that assisted at the New Patriarch's Consecration ( forty or fifty were often present on such occasions ) one that had a tender concern for the Peace of the Church , and was apprehensive of the sin and danger of such a Separation , made this Historical Discourse to the People , as 't is credible , in the Cathedral Church of Sophia ; wherein he has included all the memorable and parallel examples , that had happen'd to that See within the space of near a thousand years . He allows those Advocates for a Separation all that they would have ; he puts the case with all the advantage on that side . Admit , that the deposed Bishop was unjustly deprived ; suppose , that the New one was uncanonically promoted : even in these circumstances , if he was not a Heretick , neither the People nor the ejected Patriarch himself ever refused Communion with him ; the sufficience of his Ordinations was never question'd by any Council ; there was no Precedent for Schism upon those accounts in all the History of the Church ; the Concord and Tranquillity and Prosperity of the Whole were of more consideration in those Ages , than private Interest or hidden Resentment , or the more tempting Pleasure of being Head of a Party . God forbid , that the Case thus stated by our Author should be thought parallel to that of our New Bishops ; or that this Book should be now publish'd , as if they needed that kind of defence . But we propose and recommend our Treatise as an Argumentation a fortiori . If in the cases of Unjust Deprivation and Uncanonical Succession a Separation is without Example in Ecclesiastical Story ; how inexcusable will they be , that shall make Faction and Schism , where neither of those hard circumstances can be found ? As to the Exception of S. Chrysostom's Case ; which , it seems , could not be comprehended in so short a Discourse , and was put off therefore by our Author to a particular Disquisition ; which , if ever it was publish'd , is either lost or yet undiscover'd : We must confess there was something singular in the misfortune of that great and popular Man. The Western Churches did a long time refuse Communion with some Bishops ; that out of envy and malignity , by sinister interpretations and the falsest calumnies , deprived Him of the See , and the Church of one of the best Prelates it ever had : Those men they justly detested , as the actors and contrivers of a good Patriarch's ruin : for the * Emperor ( the Civil Power ) was blameless in a manner , and but passive in the business . Thus it was in the West at a distance , in which case the renouncing Communion was only , as it were , a breaking off a Correspondence . But how were matters carried nearer home ? 'T is well known , that most of the Eastern Bishops , though they * would not be accessory to that unjust Deprivation , however were not so far transported as to make a Schism in the Church . But then the Populace of Constantinople , they were so enraged at it , that they not only forsook , but ( like Recusants , or a Rabble ? ) set fire to the Church , which took hold also of the † Parliament House , and laid it in ashes . But as that case is quite foreign to this of our New Bishops ; so was the Separation no less contrary to the Spirit of S. Chrysostom . That Good Man ( as a Bishop that was then present , has related it ) when he saw he must be deposed , advised and charged the Bishops his Friends more than once ; * That as they loved Christ , none of them should leave his Church upon his account : † That they must keep Communion with his Deposers , and not rend and divide the Church . And he injoyn'd some Devout Women , that attended there , That * as they hoped to obtain mercy from God , they should pay the same Service and Good-will to his Successor by a fair Election , that they had done to himself : † FOR THE CHURCH COULD NOT BE WITHOUT A BISHOP . How could he , if he had now been alive , have more clearly and expresly given his opinion in our Case . If a man , otherwise never so worthy , will acknowledge no duty to the Civil Magistrate , which protects him ; if he shall refuse to act in his Function ; if he will not be the Bishop , somebody else must be : For the Church cannot be without a Bishop . This is not being deprived , but relinquishing ; and a Successor does not invade , but is placed in the Chair by the united Efficacy of Canons , Law , and Necessity . 'T is supposed the Reader knows , that for several Ages the Greek Churches have erroneously maintain'd , That Adoration is to be paid to the Images of our Saviour ; and therefore needs not be offended at one or two passages in this Treatise , to which it is now time to dismiss him . Imprimatur . Georgius Royse , R. R. in Christo P. ac D no , D no Johanni , Archiepisc . Cantuar. à Sacr. Domest . July 6th . 1691. ERRATA . PAg. 13. l. 10. read He 's constrain'd by . P. 19. l. 13. read , Syncellus or . P. ibid. l. 16. read Nicolaus . P. 21. Marg. l. 7. read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A TREATISE Out of Ecclesiastical Histories , concerning such as at several times have been promoted to the Patriar●hal See contrary to the Canons , the rightfull Patriarchs being depos'd and yet living . Amongst whom we may observe , that not one of those that were unjustly depos'd , did ever separate himself from the Communion of the Church upon the account of his being depos'd ; provided that he , that was uncanonically promoted after him , was Orthodox . Excepting onely the Case of Chrysostome , which requires a particular Consideration . THE great John Chrysostome , a most holy and excellent person , living within the Jurisdiction of the Antiochian See , was ordain'd Deacon by Meletius Patriarch of Antioch . This Meletius having formerly been made Bishop of Sebastia by the Arians , and afterwards translated to the Throne of Antioch by the Suffrages both of the Arians and Orthodox , Eustathius [ late Bishop of Sebastia ] being yet in banishment , was nevertheless because of his Orthodoxy both accepted by and beneficial to the Church . Even the great Basil was ordain'd Deacon by the said Meletius . Now Chrysostome being call'd from Antioch , and seated upon the Throne of Constantinople , was afterwards unjustly depos'd , and thrust out of the City : and after him there was consecrated Arsacius , the Brother of Nectarius , who was Patriarch there before Chrysostome . * He held the Patriarchate 14 months , and , as cannot but be supposed , ordain'd Presbyters , Bishops , and Deacons ; none of whom were rejected by the Church . After his death the Blessed Atticus was consecrated , Chrysostome , being yet alive and in exile . He raised a Persecution against those that adher'd to Chrysostome : and possessing the Patriarchate 20 years , was approved by the Church , both he himself , and those that he had ordain'd ; no one being troubled or called in question upon the account of his Ordination . These things are deliver'd in the History of Socrates . * From Atticus , Sisinnius , [ who succeeded him ] deriv'd his Ordination ; and by Sisinnius Proclus was consecrated Bishop of Cyzicus . Now if you would be certain that Atticus was own'd and receiv'd by the Church ; the divine Celestine , Bishop of Rome , is a witness of that matter , who in an Epistle to Nestorius , praises and owns both Atticus himself , and Sisinnius , who was Patriarch after him ; and ranks them as Patriarchs after Chrysostome . After Sisinnius , Nestorius was plac'd in the Throne . And the Third General Council did not narrowly examine into the promotions of those Patriarchs , or * about their Ordinations : but only deposing the Heretick Nestorius , it receiv'd and own'd all those that had been made Priests or Bishops by Arsacius , Atticus , and Sisinnius , and even by Nestorius too , provided that they profess'd the Orthodox Faith , and confess'd the Blessed Virgin to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or the Mother of God. After the Council , Maximian was consecrated Patriarch by such as had receiv'd their Ordinations from the aforesaid four Patriarchs . After him the Bl. Proclus , who deriv'd his Ordination from the same Hands , was advanc'd to that Dignity . These things are related in the History of Zonaras . Now the Bl. Proclus , and not only he , but likewise Maximian before him , and Atticus , and Sisinnius , were receiv'd into Communion by S. Cyril . After Proclus , by the same succession of Ordination , Flavianus obtain'd the Patriarchate . See now the Succession . * They that depos'd Chrysostome consecrated Arsacius ; the same , together with Arsacius , consecrated Atticus ; Arsacius and Atticus , Sisinnius ; and Sisinnius , Proclus ; who , as I said , held Church-communion with S. Cyril . Observe moreover , that Severianus Bishop of Gabala , and Acacius Bishop of Berrhea , who were the chief Authours of all the Calamities that befell Chrysostome , being afterwards * call'd in question by Pope Innonocent , were neither depos'd nor reprehended by him ; the Pope leaving their punishment to God. The Bl. Flavianus having condemn'd and depriv'd the Heretick Eutyches , the Emperour Theodosius commanded Dioscorus Patriarch of Alexandria to inspect and examine again into the matters between them . Dioscorus thereupon having call'd a Council at Ephesus ; the second of that place , judg'd , condemn'd , depos'd and murder'd the B. Flavianus , contrary to all Ecclesiastical order ; absolving Eutyches , and consecrating Anatolius in Flavianus's room . You see that Anatolius was consecrated contrary to the Canons , seeing it was by Dioscorus , a Murderer and a Heretick , that espous'd the Cause and the Heresie of Eutyches . But observe further : Juvenalis Bishop of Jerusalem , Basil Bishop of Seleucia , * Photius Bishop of Isauria in Epirus , Eustathius Bishop of Berytus , Thalassius Bishop of Cesarea in Cappadocia , and , in a word , all that whole Council concurr'd and acted with Dioscorus in the unjust ejectment of Flavianus , and the unlawfull Ordination of Anatolius in his place . Yet none of them were rejected in the Fourth General Council of Chalcedon , only Eutyches and Dioscorus , that persisted in their Heresie . For that Holy Synod concerned not it self about the Ordinations of uncanonical and illegal Patriarchs , but onely requir'd of every one the profession of the Orthodox Faith. Now that Anatolius was promoted against the Canons , Pope Leo attests ; writing thus concerning him to the Emperour Marcian : That therefore he would make no inquiry about Anatolius 's Consecration , because he profess'd the Orthodox Belief . These things are written in the Acts of the Second Council concerning Flavianus . In the Reign of the Emperour Anastasius , when the Heresie of the Acephali was rife , the Emperour himself became addicted to it , and expell'd out of the City three Patriarchs ; because they refus'd to embrace his false Opinion , and anathematize the Fourth General Council , and communicate with Severus : the first , * Euthymius ; the second , Macedonius , who succeeded him ; ( unlawfully indeed , but because he was an assertour of the Catholick Belief , he was not rejected by the Church , neither did Euthymius himself recede from his Communion ) and the third , Timotheus ; who himself likewise was unlawfully promoted in the room of Macedonius : who yet was not rejected by Macedonius , because he was a maintainer of the true Faith. Nay , even the great Elias Bp. of Jerusalem , embrac'd the Communion of all these three Patriarchs , when all were alive together ; being troubled indeed at the ejectment of him in possession , but receiving the Successour also , because of his Orthodox Faith. The same Emperour Anastasius deposed and banished the said B. Elias from the See of Jerusalem , because he would not come over to his Heretical Opinion , and constituted John in his place : whom , because he publickly preach'd the Orthodox Belief . contrary to the Emperour's Expectation , Elias in no wise rejected , but continued in Communion with him . And Theodosius and Sabas , those Reverend Fathers , the Heads and Chief of all the Monks of the Holy City , visiting and relieving Elias in his exile , both lov'd him and communicated with him , as an injur'd Patriarch ; and yet they communicated with John too , ( that sate then in the Throne of Jerusalem , ) as their Patriarch . And therefore the Names both of John and Elias were written in the sacred Diptychs of Jerusalem , in these words : May the memory of Elias and John be everlasting . These things are written in the * Life of the holy and great Sabas . In the days of Athanasius the Great , Maximus the Confessour was Patriarch of Jerusalem . Now when a Synod was called at Tyre by the Emperour Constantine , to consider of the matters relating to Athanasius ; and laying false things to his charge had * condemned and deposed him ; Athanasius flies to Maximus at Jerusalem . Maximus thereupon calls a private Synod , and repeals what was done by the Synod of Tyre against Athanasius , and restores him to his See , and establishes likewise the Doctrine of the Homoousion . Upon that the * Bishop of Cesarea in Palestine unjustly ejects Maximus , and sets up Cyril in his room , one that was then the chief of the Arian Party ; but afterwards becoming a Convert to the Homoousion ( or Orthodox Faith , ) he was willingly receiv'd and allowed as Patriarch by the Church ; and was stiled , The great , and , The holy Cyrill . And observe that even Maximus himself did not withdraw from Cyrill's Communion ; therefore both were acknowledged as Saints [ ( that is , had their Names in the Diptychs of the Church ) ] as both Assertours of the same Faith. These things are deliver'd in the Life of the great Athanasius . In the Emperour Justinian's Reign , Eutychius of Amasia , being constituted Patriarch of Constantinople , a Man holy and belov'd of God , was unjustly depos'd and expell'd the City , and John was preferr'd to the See. But Eutychius did not upon that account separate himself from the Communion of John ; and both therefore were receiv'd by the Church . In the same Emperour's time , Athimus Bp. of Trebisond was translated to the See of Constantinople . He being discover'd to be an Heretick , was depos'd by Pope Agapetus ; who set up in his place the most holy Menas : But his Ordinations were allowed of , as valid . Afterwards , when the Heresie of the Monothelites spread it self , and four Patriarchs successively , * Sergius , Pyrhus , Paul and another , were of that Sect ; and as it must needs be suppos'd , ordain'd and consecrated many : Not one so ordain'd or consecrated , provided he relinquished and anathematiz'd his Heresie , was rejected by the Church ; but all were receiv'd by the sixth General Council , and by George , Patriarch of Constantinople . The Emperour Justinian , surnam'd Rhinotmetus , coming the second time to the Throne , depos'd and banish'd unjustly the most holy Patriarch Callinicus , and plac't Cyrus a Recluse of Amastris in the See. Now observe , that Callinicus did not separate himself from the Church and from Cyrus , upon the account of his unjust deprivation : and that Cyrus , together with those he had ordain'd , were received by the Church . Artemius , otherwise nam'd Anastasius , being advanc'd to the Imperial Throne , * upon the death of the Patriarch of Constantinople , constituted in his place the most holy Germanus Bp. of Cyzicus . Then Leo Isaurus obtaining the Empire , and furiously raging against the Sacred Images , banishes the holy Germanus , and places Anastasius in his Throne . Fifty six years after , the sixth General Council was call'd , which Tarasius was President of , who had been consecrated Patriarch before the Council was appointed ; but whether by Bishops that were for or against Images , is uncertain . And all that opposed the Adoration of Images , upon renouncing their Heresie , were received by that Council . Now in the time of this holy Tarasius there happen'd that which follows . Constantine , then Emperour , after he had put away his * lawfull Wife , and shut her up in a Nunnery , against her will , espoused * another , that had her self been a Nun ; and so became , according to the express Declaration of the Gospel , a manifest Adulterer . Upon this the Patriarch Tarasius refusing to officiate in so unlawfull a Marriage , Joseph , * the Steward of the Church , was so hardy as to perform the Office , and render'd himself thereby obnoxious to deprivation . The Patriarch attempting to deprive him , was deterred by the Emperour , who declared that , if Joseph was ejected , he would set up the Heresie of the Iconomachi again ; which forc'd the Patriarch to receive him , though much against his will. But the Bl. Theodorus , Abbot of the Monastery of Studium , withdrew himself from the Communion both of Church and Emperour too : from the Emperour , as being Adulterer ; from the Church ; because it received Joseph , the Confirmer of that adulterous Match : And upon that account , he suffer'd a thousand Injuries from the Emperour . After this , Constantine had his eyes put out ; and his Mother Irene took the Government upon her : She recalls the Bl. Theodorus , commends both him and Tarasius ; the former , for his prudence in his care for the Church ; and the latter , for his exact observance of Discipline . Then the Patriarch ejects Joseph , the cause of all this Schism ; and he and Theodorus are at unity again . After this , Irene is depos'd , and Nicephorus the * Treasurer usurps the Throne , and Tarasius dies , and the holy Patriarch Nicephorus succeeds him : He constrains the Emperour to receive Joseph again , whom Tarasius had deprived . Upon which Theodorus a second time withdraws from the Church . A while after , that Emperour and his Son Stauracius dying , Michael Curopalates gets the Sceptre ; and the Patriarch Nicephorus taking hold of that opportunity deprives Joseph again , and so he and Theodorus are reconciled . But those opprobrious invectives , that Theodorus during his banishment had used against the holy Tarasius and Nicephorus , were by no means approv'd of by the Church , * as proceeding from littleness of mind . For the holy Methodius , in his Epistle to the Monks of Studium , has these words ; If your Bl. Abbot had not retracted what he spoke against the holy Tarasius and Nicephorus , he should not have been Fellow-minister with us ; we would not have receiv'd him into our Communion . These things are found in the second Book of the holy Nicon , in one of the Epistles of Methodius . The same holy Methodius , in his last Testament , which he made at his death , makes this Ordinance concerning the Monks of Studium that refused to join in Communion with the Catholick Church ; If they repent and come over to the Catholick Church , and renounce their Schism , let them be receiv'd as barely Christians , but by no means be advanc'd to the Priesthood . Thus * in the Volume of Councils , which is read in the Church , as every body knows , all those things that were spoken and written against the holy Patriarchs , Tarasius and Nicephorus , are made an Anathema . And moreover , concerning the same Affair of ( Theodorus ) Studites , this also is written , That the holy Theodorus did not do well in separating himself from the Communion of the Catholick Church , and the holy Patriarchs , Tarasius and Nicephorus ; * for they were then the Church . For if we cannot withdraw our selves from the Communion of any ordinary Priest * , without the sin of Heresie ; how much less may we separate from the Communion of such holy , orthodox Patriarchs , the Luminaries of the World ? And although the holy Theodorus , now with God , was so far hurried away , as to make this Schism ; yet afterwards he relinquisht it , and set himself right again , as the holy Methodius manifests in the foresaid Epistle . And the saying of the Prophet David was fulfilled in this holy Man , Though he fall , he shall not be utterly cast down ; for the Lord upholdeth him with his hand . After this , during the Reigns of Leo Armenius , Michael Traulus , and his Son Theophilus , successively for the space of twenty six Years , there was not one orthodox Patriarch ; but all were of the Sect of the Iconomachi , and maintained the Opinion of the Emperours . But after the death of Theophilus , his Wife the blessed Theodora , together with a Synod , plac'd the holy Methodius in the See ; who was suceeded by the great Ignatius . * Then Michael reigning with his Mother Theodora , was , together with her , corrupted , and was therefore sharply reprov'd by the holy Ignatius , and excluded the Communion of the Church : Caesar therefore , being able to doe what he pleas'd by his Imperial power , depos'd and banish'd Ignatius , and establish'd Photius in his stead . After this came Basilius Macedo to the Crown , and he presently deposes Photius , and reestablishes Ignatius ; but after the death of Ignatius , he again restores Photius . Which indeed is a thing to be wonder'd at . For if Photius was depos'd as an Adulterer and Usurper of the Throne , how comes he again to be promoted as innocent ? But be it as it will , the Church however receives and acknowledges and honours them both , because Orthodox : and thus she says ( in her Diptychs ) May the memory of Ignatius , Photius , Stephanus , and Antonius , the most holy Patriarchs , be everlasting : and whatsoever is spoken against Ignatius , and Photius , and Stephanus , and Antonius , the most holy Patriarchs , is an Anathema . Now let the Hearer observe again , that even the holy Ignatius did not , because he was unjustly thrust out of the See , either recede from the Communion of Photius , or perswade the People to do so . For this is the scope and design of all the Histories that are here produced , To shew , that not one of all those Patriarchs , that were unjustly and uncanonically thrust out of their proper Sees , did ever withdraw himself from the Communion of his Successor , or perswade the People to separate from the Church ; but that both they and the People continued in Communion , if so be their Successors were Orthodox . After this , Leo , the Son of Basilius , being possess'd of the Imperial Sceptre , depriv'd that orthodox Patriarch whom he found in the See , and promoted Stephanus , his own Brother , in his room ; one that was sound indeed in the Faith , but nevertheless was made Patriarch contrary to the Canons . But no Schism was made in the Church upon that account . For Stephanus likewise was own'd and receiv'd by her . So that thus she speaks ( in her Diptychs ) May the memory of Ignatius , Photius and Stephanus , the most holy Patriarchs , be everlasting . The same Emperor Leo , surnamed the Philosopher , ejected the most rightfull Patriarch Nicolaus , a Man renowned for his Orthodoxy , out of the See ; because he refused to consent to his fourth Marriage ; and oppos'd him earnestly in his design of making it lawfull to marry the fourth time ; * and yet to continue in government , though in his room he advanc'd Euthymius , who was Syncellus's or Nicolaus's Assessor . Here observe again , that the Patriarch Nocolaus did not separate himself from the Catholick Church or from Euthymius , nor teach the People to do so ; and that undoubtedly because Euthymius was orthodox . Nay , when after the decease of the Emperor Leo , his Brother Alexander , that succeeded him , deposed Euthymius , and replaced Nicolaus , who was yet living , in the See , yet the Ordinations of Euthymius were not rejected , seeing that they were orthodox , and by an orthodox Patriarch . These things are written in the History of Zonaras . The Emperor Manuel very wrongfully ejected Cosmas Atticus the Patriarch , a Man full of Piety and Goodness , and advanc'd another to his See. But Cosmas , though highly resenting this injustice , did not however either himself break off from the Communion of the Church , or incite the People to such a Schism . But he made this denunciation ; That the Empress should never have any male Issue ; which accordingly came to pass ; for the Emp. Alexius was born of the second Wife Mary , that that was descended from the Latins . Upon this imprecation of Cosmas , * Contostephanus of Scio , one of the By-standers , out of zeal for the Empress , pressed toward him , to strike him , but was stopt by some body . Let him alone , says Cosmas , for he himself suddenly shall have a stroke from a stone ; which accordingly came to pass . For not long after Contostephanus was kill'd with the blow of a Stone in the War at Corcyra . This is in the History of Choniates . The Emperor Isaacius Angelus finding Basilius Camaterus in the Patriarchal Chair , deposed him without any just cause , and promoted Nicetas , * the Chaplain of the Church to the See. A year after , he deposes him too , upon pretence of his simplicity and old age , and promotes Leontius , protesting that the Blessed Virgin ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) appear'd to him , and bid him prefer Leontius , who was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from that occasion . Soon after not liking this Leontius neither , he again averrs the Blessed Virgin had appear'd to him , and bid him depose him too ; which accordingly he does , and sets up Dositheus Bishop of Jerusalem in his room . This giving general dissatisfaction , Dositheus also is ejected , and * another put in his place . So in the space of nine years , that Isaacius reign'd he made five Patriarchs successively : By whom , as must needs be suppos'd , there were many persons ordain'd . And from them the whole order of the Priesthood and all the Church is brought down to our days . And 't is a matter of admiration , that in the reign of that Emperor , five Patriarchs succeeding one another , and all alive together , should not separate from one anothers Communion ; because one was put in and another was put out , purely at the Emperor's pleasure . To conclude all in a word ; One thing only was required by the Church , that the new Bishop should profess the same ( Orthodox ) Faith with the other that was depos'd ; but as for other Complaints and Accusations , that ever and anon were made upon such Promotions , except it were Heresie , she never made any strict examination into them . AN ABSTRACT OF This TREATISE : Being an Account , in short , of such Patriarchs as at several times have been unjustly depos'd by the Emperors , yet did not separate themselves from the Communion of their unlawfull Successors , nor perswade the People to do so , because the Successors were Orthodox . IN Arcadius's Reign the great Chrysostom was unjustly depos'd : his Successors were Arsacius , and the divine Atticus . In Theodosius Junior's time the holy Flavianus was depos'd by the Heretick Dioscorus : his Successor was Anatolius . In Anastasius's Reign , * Euthymius was depos'd : his Successor was Macedonius ; and his , Timotheus . In the same Reign Elias , Bishop of Jerusalem , was depos'd : his Successor was John. In the Reign of Constantine the Great , Maximius , Bishop of Jerusalem , was depos'd by the Bishop of Cesarea in Palestine : his Successor was Cyrill . In the Reign of Justinian , Eutychius of Amasia , Patriarch of C. P. was depos'd : his Successor was John. In the same Reign , Anthimus , once Bishop of Trebisond , then Patriarch of C. P. was depos'd : his Successor was the most holy Menas . In the Reign of Justinianus Rhinotmetus , Callinicus was depos'd : his Successor was Cyrus , a Recluse of Amastris . In the Reign of Michael , the Son of Theophilus , the great Ignatius was depos'd : his Successour was Photius . In the Reign of Basilius Macedo , Photius , the Successor of Ignatius , was depos'd : he was succeeded by the foresaid Ignatius ; and Ignatius again by him . In the Reign of Leo the Philosopher , Photius was again depos'd , upon some false accusations which the Emperor brought against him : his Successor was Stephanus the Emperor's Brother . Under the same Emperor * Nicolaus the Mystical ( Philosopher ) was depos'd : his Successor was Euthymius the Syncellus . In the Reign of Alexander the Brother of Leo , Euthymius the Successor of Nicolaus was depos'd , and Nicolaus again restor'd . In the Emperor Manuel's Reign , Cosmas Atticus was depos'd , and succeeded by Theodosius . In the Reign of Isaacius Angelus , Basilius Camaterus was depos'd , and succeeded by the Chaplain Nicetas Mundanes . Under the same Emperor Nicetas was depos'd , and succeeded by Leontius Theotocites . In the same Reign , Leontius Theotocites was depos'd , and succeeded by Dositheus B. of Jerusalem . In the same Reign , Dositheus likewise was depos'd , and succeeded by Georgius Xiphilinus . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A52277-e260 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pallad . p. 80. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Theod. C. 5. L. 34. † 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Socrat. VI. 8. * Pallad . vita Chrys. p. 67. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . † p. 69. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * Pall. p. 90. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . † 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A52277-e1210 * Add. * This Arsacius , because of his Brother Nectarius's Jealousie towards him , had formerly sworn , that he would never accept of the See of Constantinople . So the MS. which in this place is written erroneously . * The words of the MS. are these . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which in an uncommon acceptation of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may be thus translated . Now they that had been ordain'd by Atticus , ordain'd Sisinnius . For that Sisinnius , when Atticus died , the 10th of October , was only a Presbyter , and was consecrated Patriarch the 28th of February following ; appears from Socrat. lib. VII . c. 26. See the Gr. and Lat. Edition . * MS. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. or those that were ordain'd by them , as before . * MS. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Which may be thus translated . They that deposed Chrysostome , consecrated Arsacius ; the same , and those consecrated by Arsacius , Atticus ; those by Arsacius and Atticus , Sisinnius ; and those by Sisinnius , Proclus . * Or , Discovered to Pope Innocent , MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * MS. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is a mistake of the writer , and must be thus corrected . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. e. Basil Bp. of Seleucia in Isauria , and Photius Bp. of Tyre See the Gr. & Lat. Edit . * So the MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . An errour of the Writer , for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as all Historians call him . * Written by Cyril of Scythopolis , c. 56 , 57 , &c. Cotelerii Ecclesiae Graecae Monum . Tom. 111. * Ms. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. e. had condemned him when he was absent : or , had condemned him for not making his Appearance . * Acacius . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Which is corrupted , the true reading being , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in stead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Sergius , Pyrrhus , Paul & Peter . See the Gr. and Lat. Edition . * So indeed the MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. the Bishop of Constantinople being dead : allowing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( which I do not remember to have read ) to be for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . But this being not true in matter of fact , ( Zonaras Tom. 2. p. 98. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) I believe the Author might write thus ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. e. ejecting the present Patriarch out of the See. * Maria. * Theodote . MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. One that was a Nun too . Theophanes and Zonaras call her 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Lady of the Bed-chamber . * Ms. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : Which was the highest Ecclesiastical Office under the Patriarch . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * So indeed the MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Perhaps our Author might use an innovated word , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. that those contumelious Aspersions proceeded from the bitterness and vexation of his mind , occasioned by his great sufferings . So Demosth. Orat. in Midiam , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Or even 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may admit of that interpretation : seeing that S. Chrysostom seems to use it for quarrels and discontents between Husband and Wife , 17. Hom. ad 1 Cor. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Take which word you please , we may be certain that this is our Author's meaning . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. e. in the Synodicon of the Church . By which is peculiarly understood that Decree that was made against the Iconomachi by the Synod at Constantinople under Michael and Theodora , A.D. 842. appointed to be read in the Greek Churches every year upon the first Sunday in Lent. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . which may be thus interpreted ; If we may not separate from the Communion of any ordinary Priest , except it be for Heresie . Agreeably to the first and last Paragraphs of this Tract . Psal. 37. 24. The MS. has here 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , inspead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * This whole Paragraph is thus in the MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Where , as such mistakes are too frequent in ancient MSS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is put instead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . So that the passage must be read thus ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. Caesar in those ages was not a proper name , but the Title of one of the highest Dignities of the Empire . Zonaras , Tom. 2. p. 161. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The same is said by Leo Grammaticus and Cedrenus , &c. So that this passage ought to be translated thus ; In the reign of Michael , Bardas the Caesar was sharply reproved and excommunicated by Ignatius , because he lived incestuously with his Daughter in Law. The Caesar having all the power in his hands , and leading the King's facility and ' dissoluteness whither he pleased , gets Ignatius to be ejected , and Photius set up in his place . All Historians mention , that Michael minded nothing but his pleasure , leaving all serious affairs to Bardas , his chief Minister of State. * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is ; and to enact a general Allowance of it for the future : or perhaps thus , adding 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to bring his Son after him into the Administration of the Government . The Case was this , Leo had buried three Wives without any Issue that lived ; but had a natural Son Constantine by one Zoe , his Concubine . Being willing therefore that an heir of his body should succeed him , he marries this Zoe , to legitimate the bastard Son. But the fourth Marriage had been declared by the Canons to be downright Fornication . Leo therefore endeavoured to have those Canons superseded by a new Law , that should permit the fourth Marriage : Which the Patriarch Nicephorus endeavour'd to obstruct , and forfeited his Dignity for it . Or , it may be our Authour wrote 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. to publish and promulgate it for the future . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which probably is an Abbreviation of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and must be thus translated , When one Stephanus , surnamed Contostephanus , that stood by . So Nic. Choniates , pag. 52. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And Cinnamus , p. 55. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . The second Ecclesiastical Office under the Patriarch , next to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mentioned p. 12. of this Tract . * Georgius Xiphilinus . Notes for div A52277-e6370 * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as before . * MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which may be interpreted Nicolaus , one of the Privy-Council .