An account of the churches, or places of assembly, of the primitive Christians from the churches of Tyre, Jerusalem, and Constantinople described by Eusebius : and ocular observations of several very ancient edifices of churches yet extant in those parts : with a seasonable application / by Sir George Wheler ...
         Wheler, George, Sir, 1650-1723.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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         102660
         
           
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             An account of the churches, or places of assembly, of the primitive Christians from the churches of Tyre, Jerusalem, and Constantinople described by Eusebius : and ocular observations of several very ancient edifices of churches yet extant in those parts : with a seasonable application / by Sir George Wheler ...
             Wheler, George, Sir, 1650-1723.
             Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.
          
           [6], 130 p., [5] leaves of plates : ill.
           
             Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Clavell ...,
             London :
             1689.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Church architecture.
           Church buildings.
        
      
    
     
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           An
           ACCOUNT
           of
           the
           CHURCHES
           ,
           OR
           Places
           of
           Assembly
           ,
           OF
           THE
           PRIMITIVE
           CHRISTIANS
           ;
           From
           the
           Churches
           of
           
             
               Tyre
               ,
            
             
               Jerusalem
               ,
               and
            
             
               Constantinople
               .
            
          
        
         
           Described
           by
           EVSEBIVS
           .
        
         
           AND
           Ocular
           Observations
           of
           Several
           very
           Ancient
           Edifices
           of
           CHURCHES
           yet
           Extant
           in
           those
           Parts
           .
        
         
           WITH
           A
           Seasonable
           Application
           .
        
         
           By
           Sir
           GEORGE
           WHELER
           ,
           Preb.
           of
           Durham
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             S.
             Roycroft
          
           ,
           for
           
             R.
             Clavell
          
           at
           the
           Peacock
           ,
           at
           the
           West-End
           of
           
             S.
             Pauls
          
           ,
           1689.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Reverend
           Dr.
           GEORGE
           HICKS
           ,
           DEAN
           of
           Worcester
           .
        
         
           
             Dear
             and
             Honoured
             Sir
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Send
           You
           this
           to
           express
           my
           hearty
           Wishes
           ,
           That
           You
           may
           enjoy
           a
           Happy
           Christmass
           and
           New-Year
           .
           And
           also
           to
           let
           You
           know
           ,
           That
           the
           kind
           Letter
           You
           writ
           me
           long
           since
           (
           wherein
           You
           desire
           me
           to
           consider
           the
           Description
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           of
           the
           Holy
           Sepulchre
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Apostles
           at
           Constantinople
           ,
           mentioned
           and
           described
           by
           Eusebius
           ,
           in
           his
           Ecclesiastical
           History
           ,
           &c.
           )
           came
           again
           lately
           to
           my
           Hands
           ,
           with
           some
           imperfect
           Essays
           of
           
           Schemes
           ,
           that
           I
           then
           drew
           of
           those
           Noble
           Structures
           .
           These
           I
           have
           now
           again
           review'd
           and
           finished
           ,
           and
           have
           added
           a
           short
           Discourse
           to
           them
           ,
           containing
           some
           general
           Considerations
           on
           the
           Ancient
           Churches
           ,
           or
           Publick
           places
           of
           God's
           Worship
           ;
           as
           an
           Introduction
           to
           my
           Observations
           on
           these
           Magnificent
           Structures
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           more
           clear
           Illustration
           of
           all
           which
           ,
           I
           have
           added
           a
           Plane
           of
           the
           Ancient
           
             Greek
             Church
          
           ;
           according
           to
           my
           own
           Observations
           of
           Several
           very
           Ancient
           Structures
           ,
           with
           an
           Explication
           of
           the
           use
           of
           Each
           part
           :
           And
           then
           I
           may
           Conclude
           with
           an
           Application
           ,
           relating
           to
           our
           Own
           Religious
           Assemblies
           ;
           which
           may
           be
           useful
           to
           those
           who
           shall
           come
           to
           Consider
           of
           proper
           Mediums
           ,
           to
           Reconcile
           the
           Small
           Differences
           that
           are
           between
           the
           Dissenters
           and
           Vs
           ,
           concerning
           these
           Matters
           .
           For
           by
           these
           things
           ,
           it
           is
           most
           manifest
           ;
           That
           the
           Primitive
           
           Christians
           did
           endeavour
           to
           perform
           the
           Publick
           Worship
           of
           GOD
           ,
           with
           as
           great
           External
           Reverence
           and
           Magnificence
           ,
           as
           possible
           ;
           joyned
           to
           the
           Internal
           Truth
           ,
           Fervency
           of
           Spirit
           and
           Mind
           .
        
         
           I
           wish
           You
           could
           have
           seen
           these
           Papers
           before
           I
           Publisht
           them
           ;
           either
           to
           Alter
           ,
           Correct
           ,
           or
           Amend
           what
           You
           may
           find
           Amiss
           ,
           or
           less
           to
           the
           Purpose
           .
           For
           You
           are
           a
           Person
           upon
           whose
           Judgment
           ,
           I
           shall
           ever
           Entirely
           Rely
           ;
           knowing
           the
           Great
           Candour
           ,
           Perspicuity
           ,
           Learning
           and
           Faithfulness
           of
           it
           .
           But
           since
           I
           cannot
           easily
           have
           that
           Satisfaction
           ,
           I
           shall
           present
           You
           with
           them
           as
           I
           may
           ;
           as
           a
           Token
           of
           the
           Great
           Respect
           and
           Value
           I
           have
           for
           You
           ,
           upon
           many
           Accounts
           ;
           Especially
           the
           Education
           I
           had
           under
           You
           ,
           and
           the
           Friendship
           You
           have
           ever
           Expressed
           towards
           me
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           be
           a
           Thing
           that
           may
           prove
           Acceptable
           to
           You
           ,
           and
           useful
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           as
           You
           intimate
           ;
           I
           
           shall
           be
           highly
           pleased
           with
           the
           Vndertaking
           ;
           as
           I
           shall
           be
           always
           to
           shew
           the
           Value
           I
           have
           for
           You
           ,
           in
           any
           thing
           You
           Recommend
           to
           my
           Studies
           within
           the
           Capacity
           of
        
         
           
             Your
             Most
             Obedient
             Pupil
             ,
             Most
             Affectionate
             Friend
             ,
             and
             Most
             Humble
             Servant
             ,
             G.
             WHELER
             .
          
           
             Westm
             .
             
               Dec.
               20.
               1688.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           PAge
           2.
           line
           1.
           read
           acknowledged
           ,
           p.
           6.
           l.
           1.
           
           Mary's
           .
           p.
           22.
           l.
           5.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           l.
           17.
           
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           p.
           30.
           
           Catechumenoi
           ,
           p.
           31.
           l.
           17.
           
           
             Bishops
             his
          
           ,
           p.
           32.
           
           Marg.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           ib
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           44.
           l.
           10.
           
           Capitels
           ,
           p.
           46.
           l.
           10.
           
             as
             Zozomen
          
           ,
           p.
           66.
           l.
           3.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           67.
           
           Marg.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           74.
           l.
           1.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           75.
           
           Marg.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           76.
           penult
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           86.
           l.
           12.
           
           Vessels
           ,
           p.
           89.
           
           Marg.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           p.
           97.
           antepenult
           .
           Fronte
           ,
           p.
           119.
           l.
           12.
           dele
           to
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           most
           material
           Errors
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           observed
           to
           escape
           the
           Printers
           and
           Correctors
           Notice
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           I.
           Concerning
           the
           Primitive
           Churches
           ,
           or
           Places
           of
           God's
           Worship
           .
        
         
           The
           Introduction
           .
        
         
           TO
           give
           a
           just
           Account
           of
           the
           Publick
           Places
           of
           God's
           Worship
           in
           the
           Christian
           Church
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           fit
           to
           begin
           our
           Observations
           from
           the
           Practice
           of
           the
           first
           Author
           and
           Ministers
           of
           Christianity
           .
        
         
           For
           thô
           it
           be
           manifest
           ,
           that
           GOD
           is
           Omnipresent
           ,
           and
           the
           Heaven
           of
           Heavens
           cannot
           contain
           him
           ;
           because
           he
           contains
           both
           them
           and
           the
           Infinite
           Abyss
           of
           Space
           ;
           yet
           ,
           that
           he
           appointed
           the
           Separation
           and
           Consecration
           of
           a
           Peculiar
           Place
           ,
           to
           place
           his
           Name
           there
           ;
           to
           be
           Worshipped
           and
           Glorified
           therein
           ,
           by
           those
           that
           
           acknowledged
           his
           infinite
           Power
           and
           Authority
           over
           them
           ,
           is
           so
           manifest
           ,
           that
           it
           needs
           not
           to
           be
           more
           than
           mentioned
           .
        
         
           That
           This
           in
           the
           time
           of
           their
           Travel
           to
           their
           Promised
           Country
           ,
           and
           whilst
           their
           unsettled
           State
           of
           Warfare
           lasted
           ,
           was
           like
           themselves
           ,
           moveable
           and
           unfixt
           also
           .
        
         
           But
           so
           soon
           as
           They
           were
           arrived
           to
           a
           settled
           State
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           glory
           and
           happiness
           of
           the
           highest
           Pitch
           of
           Empire
           ,
           They
           began
           immediately
           to
           resolve
           ,
           to
           give
           all
           possible
           Glory
           to
           GOD
           ,
           by
           establishing
           the
           Place
           of
           His
           Publick
           Worship
           with
           the
           greatest
           Magnificence
           they
           were
           able
           .
        
         
           This
           David
           made
           the
           Subject
           of
           his
           Zeal
           and
           Vows
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           Solomon
           ,
           whom
           he
           made
           sole
           Successor
           to
           his
           Throne
           and
           Piety
           ,
           accomplished
           it
           .
        
         
           When
           again
           this
           most
           Glorious
           Edifice
           suffered
           Destruction
           and
           Desolation
           in
           the
           Punishment
           of
           the
           King
           and
           People
           for
           their
           Sins
           ,
           
           it
           was
           again
           Rebuilt
           by
           Prophesy
           ,
           and
           was
           honoured
           with
           the
           Glory
           and
           Presence
           of
           the
           Eternal
           High-Priest
           himself
           .
        
         
           Who
           always
           performed
           his
           Publick
           and
           Stated
           Devotions
           to
           his
           Father
           and
           our
           Father
           ,
           To
           his
           God
           and
           our
           God
           ,
           There
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           at
           last
           he
           had
           offered
           up
           the
           only
           true
           and
           real
           Propitiatory
           Sacrifice
           of
           himself
           ,
           and
           was
           entred
           into
           the
           Real
           Holy
           of
           Holies
           ,
           with
           his
           own
           Blood
           ,
           ever
           to
           make
           Intercession
           for
           us
           ;
           Those
           that
           he
           left
           to
           be
           his
           Successors
           in
           the
           Ministry
           of
           Holy
           things
           ,
           did
           not
           desist
           from
           doing
           their
           Devotions
           there
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           It
           and
           They
           continued
           on
           Earth
           .
        
         
           Besides
           this
           ,
           it
           is
           observable
           ,
           That
           our
           Saviour
           and
           his
           Apostles
           never
           forsook
           the
           Synagogues
           ,
           but
           ever
           joyned
           in
           the
           External
           Worship
           of
           God
           ,
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           as
           oft
           as
           occasion
           offered
           ,
           taught
           the
           People
           there
           .
        
         
         
           And
           when
           afterward
           (
           by
           God's
           Appointment
           and
           the
           Persecution
           of
           their
           own
           Countrymen
           )
           they
           were
           dispersed
           into
           all
           Nations
           ,
           They
           still
           Repaired
           to
           the
           Synagogues
           and
           Oratories
           of
           the
           Jews
           ,
           and
           there
           first
           Preached
           the
           Gospel
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           they
           were
           no
           longer
           suffered
           to
           continue
           their
           Assemblies
           with
           them
           ,
           
           then
           only
           we
           find
           that
           they
           separated
           the
           Brethren
           ,
           and
           taught
           them
           in
           another
           Place
           .
        
         
           Indeed
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           ,
           but
           in
           such
           Cases
           they
           still
           made
           provision
           for
           some
           other
           Places
           ,
           as
           those
           Times
           and
           Conveniency
           would
           permit
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           There
           they
           did
           their
           Peculiar
           Devotions
           as
           Christians
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           Celebration
           of
           the
           Lord's
           Supper
           .
        
         
           
             For
             we
             read
             in
             the
          
           2d
           
             of
             the
          
           Acts
           ,
           that
           they
           which
           believed
           were
           Baptized
           ,
           continued
           stedfastly
           in
           the
           Apostles
           Doctrine
           ,
           Fellowship
           ,
           Breaking
           Bread
           ,
           and
           Prayers
           .
        
         
         
           Thô
           they
           continued
           daily
           in
           the
           Temple
           with
           one
           Accord
           ,
           yet
           they
           Brake
           Bread
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           at
           Home
           ,
           or
           every
           one
           at
           his
           House
           ;
           or
           Domatim
           in
           each
           others
           House
           by
           Turns
           .
        
         
           But
           we
           find
           them
           soon
           in
           great
           Assemblies
           ,
           which
           must
           take
           up
           great
           and
           large
           Places
           .
           For
           in
           the
           4th
           of
           the
           Acts
           ,
           we
           find
           them
           Return
           from
           the
           Council
           to
           their
           own
           Company
           ;
           which
           were
           Assembled
           at
           a
           certain
           Place
           ,
           which
           was
           Shaken
           upon
           their
           Prayer
           ,
           by
           the
           Holy
           Spirit
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           And
           in
           the
           21st
           of
           the
           Acts
           we
           find
           ,
           that
           such
           Places
           were
           Capacious
           enough
           to
           receive
           the
           whole
           Multitude
           ,
           who
           (
           as
           St
           Peter
           tells
           St.
           
             Paul
             )
             must
             needs
             come
             together
             .
          
        
         
           Their
           Assemblies
           at
           Troas
           seem
           to
           be
           at
           a
           Stated
           Place
           ,
           
           as
           well
           as
           a
           Stated
           Time.
           
        
         
           This
           Place
           was
           generally
           at
           the
           House
           of
           the
           Chief
           and
           most
           Pious
           of
           the
           Faithful
           Believers
           .
        
         
         
           As
           at
           James
           and
           Mary's
           at
           Jerusalem
           ;
           at
           the
           House
           of
           Aquila
           and
           Priscilla
           at
           Philippia
           .
           So
           the
           Church
           in
           
           Nympha's
           House
           at
           Colossea
           ;
           and
           in
           
           Philemon's
           House
           :
           Not
           that
           their
           Family
           was
           the
           whole
           Church
           of
           those
           Places
           ;
           but
           that
           their
           Houses
           were
           the
           Stated
           Places
           of
           the
           Meeting
           of
           the
           Congregation
           of
           that
           City
           .
        
         
           Whether
           they
           set
           apart
           any
           particular
           Part
           of
           those
           Houses
           ,
           to
           the
           Worship
           of
           God
           and
           Service
           of
           his
           Church
           ,
           the
           Scripture
           is
           silent
           .
        
         
           Thô
           the
           Recording
           of
           Christ's
           Correction
           and
           Correption
           for
           the
           Prophanation
           of
           the
           Temple
           ;
           His
           Direction
           how
           men
           ought
           to
           Approach
           to
           offer
           their
           Gifts
           at
           God's
           Altar
           ;
           
           And
           the
           Apostles
           opposing
           the
           Table
           of
           the
           Lord
           and
           the
           Altar
           they
           had
           ,
           
           both
           to
           the
           Jewish
           and
           Gentil
           Altars
           ,
           doth
           strongly
           suppose
           ,
           That
           they
           either
           had
           or
           should
           have
           such
           Separate
           Places
           ;
           when
           they
           were
           in
           Circumstances
           
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           where
           this
           Table
           of
           the
           Lord
           or
           Christian
           Altar
           was
           kept
           .
        
         
           St.
           Paul
           is
           the
           most
           plain
           concerning
           the
           Place
           in
           1
           Cor.
           11.
           where
           in
           the
           18th
           Verse
           he
           seems
           very
           plainly
           to
           have
           respect
           to
           the
           Place
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           When
           ye
           come
           together
           
             in
             the
             Church
          
           .
           For
           first
           otherwise
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           Redundancy
           in
           words
           ;
           
             When
             you
             come
             together
          
           ,
           would
           be
           enough
           ▪
           And
           next
           he
           himself
           interprets
           that
           by
           the
           Place
           ,
           ver
           .
           20.
           
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           When
           ye
           come
           together
           therefore
           
             in
             one
             Place
          
           ,
           or
           rather
           
             In
             that
          
           ,
           or
           
             the
             same
             Place
          
           ,
           with
           Relation
           to
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           for
           so
           the
           Particle
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Therefore
           ,
           doth
           joyn
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           the
           22th
           Verse
           he
           opposeth
           Private
           Houses
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           God
           which
           may
           most
           properly
           be
           interpreted
           of
           the
           Place
           of
           the
           
           Assembly
           ;
           because
           he
           there
           mentions
           the
           People
           Assembled
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           part
           of
           them
           in
           the
           same
           Period
           .
           And
           so
           the
           opposition
           of
           Private
           Houses
           (
           in
           which
           they
           had
           the
           Liberty
           to
           eat
           and
           drink
           any
           thing
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           the
           Church
           or
           House
           of
           God
           )
           is
           most
           clear
           and
           perspicuous
           .
        
         
           And
           thus
           it
           is
           most
           plain
           ,
           That
           these
           Places
           set
           apart
           for
           Sacred
           use
           ,
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           profaned
           by
           any
           Vile
           or
           Common
           use
           .
        
         
           What
           ,
           have
           ye
           not
           houses
           to
           Eat
           and
           to
           Drink
           in
           ?
           or
           despise
           ye
           the
           Church
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           shame
           them
           that
           have
           not
           ?
        
         
           In
           the
           Succeeding
           Ages
           immediately
           after
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           there
           is
           nothing
           more
           plain
           ,
           than
           that
           they
           had
           their
           Certain
           ,
           Stated
           and
           Appointed
           Places
           to
           worship
           God
           in
           .
        
         
           
             S.
             Clemens
          
           ,
           who
           Lived
           in
           the
           Apostles
           time
           ,
           and
           whose
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Corinthians
           was
           anciently
           
           Read
           in
           the
           Churches
           ,
           as
           part
           of
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           tells
           us
           plainly
           ,
           That
           
             Christ
             appointed
             both
             the
             Times
             when
             ,
             the
             Persons
             by
             whom
             ,
             and
             the
             Places
             where
             God
             should
             be
             solemnly
             worshiped
             .
          
        
         
           Lucian
           ,
           thô
           a
           Heathen
           ,
           and
           what
           he
           writes
           is
           to
           expose
           Christianity
           ;
           yet
           we
           are
           beholding
           to
           him
           for
           this
           ,
           That
           he
           describes
           the
           
             Christians
             met
             in
             an
             upper
             Room
             ,
             adorned
             and
             guilt
             with
             Gold.
             
          
        
         
           Justin
           Martyr
           lived
           immediately
           Succeeding
           these
           Times
           :
           And
           he
           describes
           ,
           
             Great
             Meetings
             in
             one
             place
             Every
             Sunday
             ,
          
           
           
             from
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Countries
             to
             the
             great
             Towns
             and
             Cities
          
           ;
           which
           must
           needs
           suppose
           a
           known
           and
           usual
           Place
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           Evident
           ,
           That
           as
           it
           was
           naturally
           Necessary
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           needs
           Meet
           in
           some
           Place
           ,
           and
           that
           known
           ;
           so
           it
           cannot
           be
           doubted
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           were
           as
           Great
           ,
           and
           as
           Decent
           as
           their
           Circumstances
           
           and
           the
           continual
           Persecutions
           they
           were
           in
           would
           permit
           .
        
         
           For
           Eusebius
           informs
           us
           ,
           That
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Dioclesian
           ,
           That
           
             the
             Concourse
             to
             the
             Churches
             was
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             in
             every
             City
             they
             were
             not
             content
             with
             their
             Old
             Edifices
             ,
             but
             built
             New
             ones
             ,
             and
             greater
             from
             the
             Foundations
             .
          
        
         
           And
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           Persecution
           in
           this
           Emperor's
           Reign
           ,
           entred
           with
           the
           Destruction
           of
           their
           Churches
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           Constantine
           Entred
           upon
           the
           Government
           ,
           they
           soon
           recovered
           themselves
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           describe
           the
           Glory
           ,
           Splendor
           ,
           and
           Magnificence
           ,
           where
           with
           he
           caused
           the
           Churches
           or
           Houses
           of
           God
           to
           be
           Rebuilt
           ,
           Endowed
           and
           Adorned
           every
           where
           .
        
         
           Eusebius
           gives
           us
           a
           Specimen
           of
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           he
           doubts
           not
           to
           compare
           with
           the
           Temple
           at
           Jerusalem
           .
        
         
         
           At
           the
           Dedication
           of
           that
           at
           Tyre
           ,
           he
           was
           present
           ,
           and
           made
           an
           Oration
           in
           Praise
           of
           It
           and
           Paulinus
           the
           Bishop
           its
           Founder
           ;
           and
           had
           the
           Superintendency
           of
           the
           Building
           of
           that
           over
           the
           Holy
           Sepulchre
           at
           Jerusalem
           .
           Of
           both
           which
           I
           shall
           draw
           you
           the
           most
           exact
           Platform
           I
           can
           ,
           both
           from
           those
           Lines
           he
           hath
           left
           us
           ,
           and
           what
           by
           others
           I
           have
           observed
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           II.
           The
           Description
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           Described
           by
           Eusebius
           ,
           Lib.
           10.
           
           Cap.
           4.
           
        
         
           
             
               The
               Plane
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               Tyre
               .
            
          
           
             And
             the
             Glory
             of
             this
             Latter
             
             House
             shall
             far
             exceed
             the
             Former
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             taking
             a
             far
             larger
             compass
             of
             Ground
             ,
             
             he
             Walled
             it
             ;
             
             both
             to
             be
             the
             Outward
             Court
             encompassing
             the
             whole
             Work
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             its
             sure
             Defence
             .
          
           
             Then
             towards
             the
             Sun-Rising
             he
             raised
             a
             most
             magnificent
             Porch
             or
             Gate
             ;
             
             vastly
             great
             and
             
             high
             ;
             giving
             a
             Prospect
             of
             those
             things
             within
             ,
             to
             those
             who
             stand
             far
             off
             ,
             without
             the
             Sacred
             Place
             ,
             in
             the
             Outward
             Court
             :
             And
             not
             only
             to
             them
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             those
             who
             were
             Strangers
             to
             the
             Faith.
             And
             at
             the
             
             first
             Entrance
             cast
             their
             Eyes
             upon
             it
             :
             Insomuch
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             one
             do
             but
             pass
             by
             in
             the
             Street
             ,
             he
             may
             be
             astonished
             both
             at
             the
             Remembrance
             of
             the
             past
             Ruin
             ,
             and
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             present
             Marvellous
             Work
             ;
             and
             so
             he
             hoped
             to
             draw
             them
             to
             Enter
             in
             ,
             to
             see
             what
             is
             within
             by
             that
             Glorious
             Prospect
             from
             without
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             you
             are
             Entred
             within
             these
             Gates
             ,
             our
             wise
             Architect
             suffered
             not
             every
             one
             presently
             with
             unsanctified
             and
             unwashed
             Feet
             ,
             to
             Rush
             in
             unto
             the
             Holy
             things
             within
             :
             But
             leaving
             a
             large
             Space
             ,
             as
             between
             the
             first
             Entrance
             and
             the
             Temple
             ,
             he
             Enclosed
             and
             Beautified
             it
             with
             a
             Portico
             or
             Cloyster
             on
             the
             Four
             Sides
             ,
             
             supported
             
             with
             Pillars
             in
             a
             Quadrangular
             form
             .
             And
             the
             Spaces
             between
             each
             Pillar
             he
             fenced
             with
             Lattice
             of
             Wood
             ,
             Net-work
             Fashion
             ,
             of
             a
             Moderate
             and
             Convenient
             height
             .
          
           
           
             He
             left
             the
             middle
             Space
             of
             this
             Quadrangle
             open
             to
             the
             view
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             to
             let
             in
             the
             cool
             Air
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             adorned
             with
             the
             resplendent
             Rays
             of
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             In
             this
             he
             placed
             the
             Sacred
             Symbols
             of
             holy
             Cleansing
             ;
             
               is
               e.
            
             Two
             Fountains
             opposite
             to
             
             each
             other
             ,
             before
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Temple
             ;
             whose
             copious
             Sources
             yielded
             Water
             plentifully
             for
             cleansing
             of
             those
             ,
             who
             are
             to
             go
             further
             to
             the
             Sacred
             things
             within
             .
          
           
             This
             is
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             that
             presents
             it self
             to
             those
             that
             enter
             ,
             every
             way
             most
             Splendid
             and
             Beautiful
             to
             behold
             .
             And
             is
             a
             proper
             Mansion
             either
             to
             those
             that
             have
             need
             of
             Institution
             or
             are
             admitted
             to
             Prayers
             .
          
           
             Being
             past
             this
             Spectacle
             ,
             by
             several
             other
             more
             inward
             Portico's
             he
             made
             the
             Entrances
             into
             the
             Temple
             ;
             which
             again
             towards
             the
             Sun-Rising
             is
             by
             
             Three
             Doors
             on
             the
             same
             one
             side
             .
             
          
           
             Of
             which
             that
             in
             the
             middle
             is
             by
             far
             the
             greatest
             both
             for
             height
             and
             widness
             ,
             and
             Adorned
             with
             Brass
             Plates
             ,
             engraven
             with
             various
             Figures
             ,
             and
             bound
             on
             with
             Iron
             ;
             to
             which
             the
             other
             two
             seem
             joyned
             as
             Royal
             Attendants
             .
          
           
             In
             like
             manner
             ordering
             the
             same
             number
             of
             Porches
             to
             the
             Cloysters
             ,
             on
             each
             side
             of
             the
             
             whole
             Temple
             ,
             he
             contriv'd
             another
             on
             high
             above
             these
             ;
             with
             Windows
             letting
             in
             much
             Light
             into
             the
             Temple
             ,
             Adorning
             them
             with
             Lattice
             of
             curious
             Work
             in
             various
             Figures
             .
          
           
             But
             he
             built
             the
             Royal
             House
             it self
             with
             far
             Richer
             and
             more
             precious
             Matter
             ,
             
             sparing
             no
             Cost
             nor
             Magnificence
             .
          
           
             It
             seems
             superfluous
             to
             describe
             the
             Length
             and
             Breadth
             of
             the
             Building
             ,
             and
             this
             resplendent
             Beauty
             and
             Grandure
             ,
             a
             Sight
             
             beyond
             expression
             ;
             who
             can
             describe
             the
             dazling
             Variety
             of
             each
             Work
             ,
             whose
             Roofs
             mount
             up
             to
             Heaven
             ;
             and
             upon
             all
             these
             the
             most
             precious
             Cedars
             of
             Libanus
             ?
             Of
             which
             even
             the
             Divine
             Oracles
             have
             not
             been
             silent
             :
             In
             which
             it
             is
             said
             ,
             
               The
               Trees
               of
               the
               Lord
               shall
               Rejoyce
               ,
               even
               the
               Cedars
               of
            
             Libanus
             ,
             
               which
               he
               hath
               planted
            
             .
          
           
             To
             what
             purpose
             is
             it
             now
             to
             speak
             of
             the
             admirable
             Art
             and
             most
             wise
             Composure
             of
             the
             whole
             ,
             and
             further
             to
             discourse
             of
             the
             surprizing
             Convenience
             and
             Beauty
             of
             each
             part
             :
             Especially
             when
             Ocular
             Testimony
             excludes
             any
             thing
             that
             can
             be
             perceived
             by
             the
             Ears
             ?
          
           
             Furthermore
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             thus
             finish'd
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             adorn'd
             it
             with
             Thrones
             ,
             which
             
             
             he
             erected
             in
             the
             highest
             or
             chiefest
             Place
             in
             honour
             of
             the
             Presidents
             ,
             and
             also
             with
             lower
             
             Seats
             ,
             placed
             in
             Decent
             Order
             all
             over
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           
             He
             at
             last
             placed
             the
             Holy
             of
             Holies
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             Altar
             ,
             in
             the
             
             Middle
             ,
             which
             he
             made
             every
             
             way
             inaccessible
             to
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             by
             a
             Separation
             of
             Net-work
             of
             Wood
             wrought
             and
             Carved
             with
             such
             acurate
             Skill
             and
             Art
             ,
             as
             makes
             as
             wonderful
             a
             Spectacle
             as
             Eyes
             can
             behold
             .
          
           
             Nor
             did
             he
             neglect
             the
             Floor
             ,
             but
             Adorn'd
             and
             Paved
             it
             in
             a
             sumptuous
             manner
             with
             Marble
             ;
             and
             then
             to
             conclude
             ,
             returning
             to
             those
             things
             without
             the
             Temple
             ,
             
             he
             built
             Large
             Apartments
             
             and
             Houses
             on
             each
             side
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             most
             excellently
             Contrived
             ;
             joyned
             together
             at
             one
             End
             to
             the
             Sides
             of
             the
             Royal
             House
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Entrances
             of
             the
             Middle
             Building
             or
             Court
             on
             the
             other
             .
          
           
           
             Which
             Buildings
             our
             Truly
             Peaceful
             Solomon
             ,
             the
             Founder
             of
             this
             Temple
             ,
             built
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             those
             who
             had
             need
             of
             Expiation
             and
             Purgation
             by
             Water
             and
             the
             Holy
             Spirit
             .
             Insomuch
             that
             ,
             that
             Heavenly
             Prediction
             we
             formerly
             mentioned
             ,
             subsists
             no
             longer
             in
             bare
             words
             ,
             but
             now
             is
             verified
             and
             accomplished
             indeed
             .
             For
             now
             it
             is
             truly
             come
             to
             pass
             ,
             That
             
               the
               Glory
               of
               the
               latter
               House
               excels
               the
               former
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           III.
           Observations
           on
           Eusebius
           his
           Description
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           
             The
             Outward
             Court
          
           ,
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           which
           the
           Temple
           stood
           .
           This
           I
           suppose
           was
           Square
           or
           Oblong
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           form
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
           Whether
           it
           was
           open
           or
           to
           shut
           ,
           with
           an
           Outward
           Gate
           or
           Gates
           joyned
           to
           the
           Wall
           ,
           Eusebius
           does
           not
           mention
           ;
           but
           undoubtedly
           it
           was
           adorned
           with
           Entrances
           proper
           to
           the
           Place
           ,
           and
           proportionable
           to
           the
           Magnificence
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Work
           ;
           and
           was
           either
           so
           Low
           ,
           or
           with
           such
           open
           Work
           ,
           as
           might
           give
           a
           Prospect
           of
           the
           Front
           to
           all
           that
           passed
           by
           it
           ;
           
             i.
             e.
          
           By
           the
           Street
           or
           High-way
           ;
           
           as
           Eusebius
           affirms
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             Passing
             by
             the
             former
             Entrances
          
           ;
           which
           the
           Translator
           not
           observing
           seems
           to
           confound
           them
           with
           the
           Magnificent
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Vestibulum
           or
           Porch
           he
           speaks
           of
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           This
           undoubtedly
           was
           a
           Great
           ,
           High
           and
           Magnificent
           Building
           ,
           and
           a
           considerable
           distance
           from
           the
           outward
           Entrance
           ;
           because
           he
           saith
           expresly
           ,
           That
           not
           only
           those
           that
           were
           standing
           afar
           off
           might
           by
           it
           behold
           what
           was
           within
           ,
           but
           also
           those
           that
           cast
           but
           their
           Eyes
           that
           way
           ,
           as
           they
           run
           by
           the
           first
           Entrances
           .
           So
           therefore
           I
           shall
           place
           it
           in
           the
           Scheme
           or
           Plane
           of
           it
           ,
           I
           am
           to
           delineate
           .
           But
           with
           what
           kind
           or
           manner
           of
           Architecture
           it
           was
           Built
           ,
           Beautified
           and
           Adorned
           ,
           Eusebius
           hath
           left
           scope
           for
           Phantasie
           to
           work
           ,
           but
           no
           Pattern
           for
           the
           present
           Describer
           to
           Copy
           .
           But
           as
           to
           the
           Situation
           
           it
           was
           towards
           the
           Sun-Rising
           ,
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           to
           him
           going
           towards
           it
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             But
             taking
             a
             Large
             Space
             ,
             as
             between
             the
             Temple
             and
             first
             Entrance
             .
          
           This
           again
           the
           Translator
           does
           not
           express
           exactly
           as
           it
           should
           ,
           but
           by
           missing
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           renders
           the
           whole
           obscure
           ,
           and
           seems
           to
           confound
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           and
           this
           inward
           Cloyster
           enclosed
           with
           a
           Portico
           ,
           as
           follows
           :
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           The
           Perimeter
           of
           which
           he
           Adorned
           
             Transversis
             Porticibus
          
           ,
           i.
           e.
           
             ad
             se
             invicem
             transversis
          
           ,
           with
           Portico's
           built
           Cross-ways
           to
           each
           other
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           enclose
           the
           Place
           in
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Square
           .
           That
           is
           ,
           This
           Square
           Court
           was
           enclosed
           at
           the
           four
           Sides
           with
           covered
           Walks
           ,
           we
           call
           a
           Cloyster
           .
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             Inter
             columnia
          
           ,
           as
           the
           Translator
           rightly
           translateth
           it
           ;
           
             i.
             e.
          
           The
           Spaces
           between
           the
           Pillars
           were
           enclosed
           with
           Wood
           ,
           of
           a
           proportionable
           height
           ,
           wrought
           in
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Net.
           That
           is
           ,
           a
           kind
           of
           Latice-work
           to
           look
           through
           into
           the
           Court
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           sight
           of
           what
           was
           there
           ,
           without
           entring
           into
           the
           Place
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           
             Fountains
             opposite
             to
             each
             other
             towards
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           These
           I
           suppose
           were
           two
           Fonts
           for
           Baptism
           ;
           and
           were
           placed
           at
           each
           hand
           in
           the
           open
           Court
           ,
           enclosed
           with
           the
           Cloyster
           ,
           one
           on
           the
           Right
           hand
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           on
           the
           Left
           ;
           as
           one
           went
           through
           the
           Vestibulum
           into
           that
           Court
           ,
           towards
           the
           Church
           or
           Temple
           it self
           ;
           which
           must
           needs
           look
           very
           stately
           .
           There
           are
           two
           very
           fine
           Fountains
           placed
           in
           this
           manner
           in
           the
           Court
           before
           St.
           
           Peter's
           Church
           at
           Rome
           .
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             Pluribus
             aliis
             adhuc
             Porticibus
             interioribus
             aditus
             ad
             Templum
             fecit
             .
             He
             made
             the
             Entrances
             into
             the
             Temple
             with
             yet
             more
             inward
             Porches
             .
          
           I
           suppose
           this
           Cloyster
           met
           up
           to
           the
           Front
           of
           the
           Temple
           ,
           which
           was
           Adorn'd
           ,
           Beautified
           and
           Enlarged
           with
           several
           other
           Ranks
           of
           Pillars
           between
           it
           and
           the
           Doors
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
           As
           that
           of
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
          
           at
           Constantinople
           is
           ;
           and
           indeed
           every
           considerable
           Church
           among
           the
           Ancients
           had
           such
           a
           Porch
           or
           Pronaos
           ,
           or
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           As
           that
           at
           Corfu
           ,
           built
           by
           the
           Emperor
           Jovian
           :
           That
           at
           Troas
           ,
           if
           it
           was
           a
           Church
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           Covent
           of
           St.
           Luke
           under
           the
           Helicon
           ,
           built
           by
           the
           Emperor
           Romanus
           .
           Thô
           they
           seem
           to
           be
           much
           lesser
           than
           this
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           by
           
           Eusebius's
           Pompous
           description
           .
        
         
         
           This
           therefore
           as
           I
           have
           observed
           it
           in
           Ancient
           Buildings
           ,
           I
           shall
           accommodate
           to
           Eusebius
           his
           Description
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           To
           this
           Porch
           Eusebius
           joyns
           three
           Doors
           on
           the
           same
           side
           ;
           one
           great
           one
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           and
           two
           lesser
           on
           each
           hand
           .
           This
           exactly
           agrees
           with
           that
           great
           Building
           at
           Troy
           ;
           which
           has
           three
           great
           Arches
           remaining
           at
           the
           Front
           of
           the
           Building
           .
           That
           in
           the
           middle
           is
           much
           bigger
           ,
           than
           those
           that
           are
           on
           each
           hand
           .
           These
           three
           Doors
           led
           into
           three
           Divisions
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           made
           by
           the
           two
           Ranks
           of
           Pillars
           ,
           or
           four
           great
           Supporters
           of
           the
           Cupalo
           in
           the
           midst
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           If
           I
           understand
           this
           right
           ,
           there
           were
           three
           Cloysters
           ,
           if
           not
           four
           to
           this
           Temple
           ;
           One
           in
           the
           Front
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           before
           described
           ,
           and
           two
           others
           ,
           at
           each
           side
           of
           the
           Temple
           one
           .
           Which
           must
           needs
           make
           the
           
           whole
           very
           Magnificent
           and
           Glorious
           ;
           yet
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           seem
           to
           me
           more
           than
           on
           both
           sides
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
           I
           should
           rather
           translate
           it
           ,
           
             On
             each
             side
             of
             the
             whole
             Temple
             .
          
           And
           then
           there
           must
           be
           also
           one
           at
           the
           East
           end
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           Symetry
           is
           full
           .
           But
           this
           would
           make
           an
           extraordinary
           difference
           in
           the
           Scheme
           from
           other
           Churches
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           extant
           .
           For
           if
           so
           ,
           it
           might
           probably
           have
           four
           Doors
           at
           East
           ,
           West
           ,
           North
           and
           South
           ;
           which
           none
           of
           those
           Ancient
           Churches
           ,
           I
           ever
           saw
           yet
           extant
           ,
           will
           permit
           me
           to
           be
           positive
           in
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           On
           high
           above
           these
           Portico's
           he
           contrived
           several
           Windows
           ,
           to
           let
           in
           much
           Light
           into
           the
           House
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           This
           shews
           that
           these
           Portico's
           were
           of
           a
           moderate
           height
           ;
           so
           that
           Windows
           might
           be
           made
           above
           them
           ,
           and
           also
           that
           they
           
           were
           on
           one
           side
           contiguous
           to
           the
           Sides
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           
             Ipsam
             verò
             aedem
             Regiam
             ,
             The
             Royal
             Edifice
             ,
          
           i.
           e.
           
             The
             Church
          
           :
           For
           so
           we
           shall
           find
           the
           Famous
           Churches
           (
           Cathedrals
           especially
           )
           often
           named
           by
           Eusebius
           and
           others
           .
        
         
           Ensebius
           gives
           us
           not
           a
           perfect
           Platform
           of
           this
           ;
           so
           that
           we
           must
           be
           forced
           to
           Collect
           from
           others
           to
           make
           up
           this
           Defect
           .
           Eusebius
           leaves
           us
           at
           the
           Entrance
           of
           the
           three
           great
           Doors
           ,
           which
           were
           it
           seems
           at
           three
           sides
           ,
           if
           not
           four
           .
           If
           at
           four
           sides
           ,
           then
           the
           Platform
           must
           be
           an
           exact
           Square
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Cupalo
           ,
           or
           Dome
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           sustained
           by
           four
           great
           Pilasters
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           Jovian
           at
           Corfu
           ;
           which
           to
           my
           best
           Remembrance
           hath
           but
           four
           Pilasters
           sustaining
           the
           Cupalo
           ;
           and
           I
           think
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
          
           ,
           at
           Constantinople
           hath
           no
           more
           .
           But
           if
           it
           was
           an
           oblong
           Square
           ,
           
           then
           I
           suppose
           there
           were
           more
           Pillars
           between
           those
           that
           held
           up
           the
           Cupalo
           and
           the
           great
           Doors
           .
           I
           shall
           suppose
           this
           to
           be
           an
           exact
           Square
           ;
           because
           of
           the
           equal
           Number
           of
           Cloysters
           and
           Doors
           at
           each
           side
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             With
             Thrones
             on
             high
          
           ,
           or
           
             in
             the
             highest
             or
             chiefest
             place
             .
          
           Where
           ,
           or
           how
           these
           Thrones
           were
           placed
           in
           this
           Church
           ,
           Eusebius
           his
           Rhetorical
           Style
           renders
           difficult
           to
           determine
           .
           If
           he
           means
           in
           the
           Highest
           or
           Chiefest
           place
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           at
           the
           Eastern-side
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           under
           the
           half
           Cupalo
           making
           a
           Semi-circle
           .
           As
           there
           are
           several
           in
           Greece
           ,
           remaining
           to
           this
           Day
           .
           As
           at
           Athens
           ,
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Minerva
           :
           At
           Prossia
           ,
           in
           the
           great
           Church
           turn'd
           into
           a
           Mosque
           :
           And
           as
           Monsieur
           Grelot
           describes
           it
           in
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
          
           at
           Constantinople
           .
           But
           if
           there
           were
           Doors
           and
           Cloysters
           on
           each
           of
           the
           four
           Sides
           ,
           
           this
           could
           not
           be
           .
           And
           he
           must
           only
           mean
           
             Altissimis
             Thronis
          
           ,
           as
           the
           Translator
           understands
           it
           ▪
           If
           so
           they
           must
           be
           placed
           under
           the
           Circle
           of
           the
           great
           Cupalo
           ,
           which
           was
           separated
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Church
           with
           Latice
           work
           of
           Wood
           ,
           wrought
           most
           curiously
           with
           various
           Figures
           .
           
           For
           this
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Synthronon
           (
           as
           it
           was
           also
           called
           )
           was
           placed
           within
           the
           Sacred
           Place
           towards
           the
           Eastern
           End
           ,
           against
           the
           Wall.
           But
           here
           it
           was
           placed
           probably
           only
           near
           the
           Latice
           Separation
           ,
           which
           kept
           off
           the
           People
           every
           way
           ,
           and
           was
           placed
           in
           the
           middle
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c
        
         
           At
           last
           he
           placed
           the
           Holy
           of
           Holies
           ,
           the
           Altar
           in
           the
           middle
           ;
           which
           he
           made
           every
           way
           inaccessible
           to
           the
           Multitude
           ,
           by
           a
           Separation
           of
           Wood
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
         
           So
           that
           if
           he
           means
           by
           the
           Middle
           ,
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           whole
           Church
           ,
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           must
           be
           about
           it
           .
           And
           ,
           as
           I
           believe
           ▪
           in
           a
           Semicircular
           form
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           seen
           it
           ;
           only
           with
           this
           difference
           ,
           That
           in
           those
           it
           is
           against
           the
           Wall
           at
           the
           East
           End
           ;
           but
           here
           a
           Space
           was
           left
           between
           it
           and
           the
           East
           Wall
           without
           it
           ,
           as
           between
           it
           and
           the
           South
           ,
           North
           and
           Western
           Entrances
           ,
           for
           the
           ●ate●umenoi
           to
           come
           and
           hear
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ;
           Either
           at
           the
           several
           great
           Doors
           ,
           or
           a
           little
           within
           them
           .
        
         
           So
           I
           shall
           place
           the
           Altar
           in
           the
           Middle
           ,
           under
           the
           great
           Cupalo
           ;
           which
           I
           conceive
           was
           separated
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Church
           by
           Cancelli
           ,
           or
           open
           work
           of
           Wood
           ,
           curiously
           carved
           and
           wrought
           in
           various
           Figures
           and
           Flowers
           .
           And
           and
           at
           the
           Eastern
           side
           of
           this
           Circle
           I
           shall
           place
           the
           Thrones
           ,
           or
           the
           Synthronon
           ;
           because
           it
           was
           the
           General
           use
           of
           the
           Primitive
           
           Christians
           to
           Worship
           God
           towards
           the
           East
           :
           And
           in
           figure
           like
           that
           remaining
           at
           Athens
           ,
           which
           is
           thus
           :
           Three
           large
           Degrees
           or
           Steps
           of
           White
           Marble
           ,
           one
           above
           another
           ,
           in
           a
           Semicircular
           form
           ;
           high
           enough
           to
           sit
           upon
           ,
           and
           broad
           enough
           for
           the
           Feet
           of
           those
           sitting
           above
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Seat
           of
           those
           sitting
           thereon
           beneath
           .
           Upon
           the
           uppermost
           Step
           ,
           is
           a
           large
           Chair
           of
           beautiful
           White
           Marble
           ▪
           in
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           Segment
           ,
           alone
           against
           the
           Window
           ,
           which
           I
           suppose
           was
           for
           the
           Archbishop
           .
           The
           uppermost
           Step
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           was
           for
           the
           Bishop's
           Collegues
           ,
           when
           they
           met
           upon
           Consecrations
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           Synods
           ,
           &c.
           as
           the
           Ancient
           Canons
           ordain
           ;
           and
           the
           next
           for
           the
           Presbyters
           :
           For
           that
           they
           use
           to
           sit
           with
           the
           Bishops
           is
           evident
           from
           Zonaras
           ,
           on
           the
           LVIII
           .
           Apostolick
           Canon
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c
        
         
         
           For
           this
           Reason
           it
           is
           Ordained
           ,
           
           That
           the
           Bishop
           sit
           on
           a
           Seat
           on
           High
           in
           the
           Holy
           Place
           ,
           to
           shew
           the
           Duty
           of
           his
           Office
           ,
           to
           look
           down
           upon
           the
           People
           committed
           to
           their
           Charge
           from
           above
           ,
           and
           narrowly
           to
           watch
           ,
           observe
           and
           oversee
           them
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c
           ,
        
         
           There
           also
           the
           Presbyters
           are
           commanded
           to
           assist
           the
           Bishop
           ,
           and
           fit
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           they
           also
           from
           these
           High
           Seats
           may
           be
           induced
           with
           Prudence
           to
           inspect
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           to
           instruct
           them
           ,
           as
           given
           to
           be
           Fellow
           Labourers
           to
           the
           Bishop
           .
        
         
           From
           whence
           we
           learn
           not
           only
           ,
           That
           the
           Bishop
           and
           Presbyters
           sate
           together
           on
           High
           Seats
           or
           Thrones
           ;
           but
           also
           that
           this
           was
           placed
           within
           the
           Holy
           Place
           ,
           he
           calls
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           which
           plainly
           in
           this
           place
           signifies
           not
           the
           Altar
           ,
           
           or
           Holy
           Table
           ;
           but
           the
           Place
           where
           it
           stood
           :
           Thô
           sometime
           it
           signifieth
           no
           more
           .
        
         
           And
           so
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           in
           Eusebius
           may
           (
           for
           ought
           I
           see
           )
           be
           understood
           .
           And
           if
           so
           ,
           then
           the
           placing
           of
           it
           in
           the
           Middle
           of
           this
           Church
           becomes
           necessary
           :
           But
           it
           must
           be
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           this
           place
           and
           the
           Holy
           Table
           are
           indifferently
           called
           by
           the
           same
           Name
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           in
           such
           places
           as
           the
           sence
           distinguisheth
           them
           .
           
           And
           this
           Holy
           Place
           was
           called
           also
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           either
           from
           the
           Steps
           ascending
           to
           it
           ,
           or
           the
           Degrees
           that
           were
           placed
           in
           it
           ;
           And
           was
           ordinarily
           the
           most
           remote
           place
           and
           part
           of
           the
           Church
           towards
           the
           East
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           shew
           afterwards
           .
           But
           in
           this
           Famous
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           it
           seems
           to
           be
           placed
           in
           the
           Middle
           of
           the
           Church
           under
           the
           great
           Cupolo
           also
           ,
           by
           its
           being
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           
             every
             way
             separate
             from
             the
             Vulgar
             by
             Latice
             of
             Wood.
             
          
        
         
           From
           this
           Passage
           of
           Zonaras
           we
           are
           also
           inform'd
           ,
           that
           from
           hence
           the
           Bishop
           and
           Presbyters
           use
           to
           Preach
           and
           instruct
           the
           People
           ;
           which
           may
           also
           be
           proved
           by
           several
           others
           as
           great
           ,
           if
           not
           greater
           Authorities
           .
           And
           so
           the
           placing
           of
           it
           here
           in
           the
           Middle
           was
           most
           convenient
           for
           a
           great
           Multitude
           of
           Auditors
           ,
           to
           stand
           round
           about
           him
           ;
           the
           Faithful
           nearest
           ,
           and
           the
           Katechumenoi
           and
           Penitents
           next
           to
           them
           .
           So
           therefore
           I
           will
           place
           it
           in
           this
           Scheme
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           What
           these
           Exhedrae
           and
           great
           Edifices
           were
           ,
           I
           find
           the
           Learned
           Valetius
           is
           at
           a
           stand
           to
           determine
           :
           He
           supposeth
           they
           were
           the
           Baptistory
           ,
           or
           place
           where
           they
           used
           to
           Baptize
           ;
           or
           Secretarium
           ,
           
           the
           Vestery
           ;
           Salutatorium
           ,
           or
           the
           Place
           to
           keep
           the
           Sick
           in
           ,
           an
           Hospital
           .
           Indeed
           in
           several
           Ancient
           Western
           Churches
           ,
           I
           have
           seen
           the
           Baptistory
           by
           it self
           a
           distance
           from
           the
           Churches
           ,
           as
           at
           Piza
           and
           Spalato
           ;
           but
           I
           never
           saw
           it
           in
           the
           Eastern
           .
           Besides
           Eusebius
           speaks
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           the
           two
           Fountains
           in
           the
           Inner-Court
           or
           Cloyster
           ;
           which
           he
           calls
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             the
             Symbols
             of
             holy
             Cleansing
             or
             Purifying
             .
          
           He
           also
           assigns
           the
           use
           of
           them
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           for
           Mansions
           for
           those
           who
           have
           need
           of
           Baptism
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           have
           need
           of
           Expiation
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           Katechumenoi
           ,
           who
           staid
           there
           for
           to
           Study
           and
           to
           have
           Instruction
           ;
           and
           the
           Penitents
           ,
           who
           staid
           there
           ,
           to
           intreat
           the
           Church
           for
           Absolution
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           the
           Penance
           appointed
           by
           the
           Canons
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           But
           some
           of
           these
           Buildings
           indeed
           might
           be
           assigned
           for
           Hospitals
           for
           the
           Poor
           and
           Sick
           ;
           and
           
           especially
           for
           Ancient
           Widows
           for
           whom
           the
           Ancient
           Church
           had
           all
           the
           Care
           and
           Veneration
           imaginable
           .
        
         
           I
           do
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           among
           these
           also
           were
           Apartments
           for
           the
           Ministers
           attending
           the
           Divine
           Service
           and
           Prayers
           Night
           and
           Day
           ;
           if
           not
           for
           the
           Bishop
           himself
           :
           Such
           as
           are
           mentioned
           by
           Eusebius
           ,
           to
           be
           annexed
           to
           the
           Portico
           about
           the
           Church
           of
           the
           Apostles
           at
           Constantinople
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           Palaces
           Baths
           ,
           Lodgins
           for
           Strangers
           ;
           and
           several
           other
           Necessary
           places
           ,
           for
           the
           use
           of
           those
           that
           kept
           the
           Temple
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           Ministers
           thereof
           ,
           which
           were
           built
           to
           the
           Cloysters
           .
        
         
           The
           Placing
           of
           these
           (
           as
           near
           as
           I
           can
           guess
           )
           was
           parallel
           to
           the
           Great
           Vestibulum
           or
           Porch
           on
           each
           side
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           in
           a
           single
           Row
           ,
           or
           in
           two
           Quadrangles
           ,
           to
           joyn
           up
           to
           the
           Basilico
           or
           inward
           Temple
           .
           For
           so
           he
           makes
           them
           on
           the
           one
           part
           to
           be
           joyned
           to
           
           the
           Basilico
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           And
           at
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Gates
           of
           the
           Middle
           Edifice
           :
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           I
           have
           made
           them
           therefore
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           vacant
           Angles
           ,
           between
           the
           Courts
           on
           each
           hand
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           might
           have
           Doors
           into
           the
           several
           Cloysters
           ,
           or
           Portico's
           to
           the
           Temple
           ;
           as
           Eusebius
           seems
           to
           intimate
           before
           ,
           when
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             Those
             Cloysters
             were
             a
             convenient
             Habitation
             ,
             for
             those
             that
             yet
             had
             need
             of
             the
             first
             Institution
             or
             Instruction
             .
          
        
         
           Whether
           the
           other
           two
           Spaces
           at
           the
           East
           End
           were
           filled
           up
           with
           Buildings
           ,
           is
           not
           certain
           ;
           but
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           Beauteous
           Symetry
           ,
           he
           every
           where
           expresseth
           ,
           I
           am
           apt
           to
           believe
           ,
           they
           were
           either
           for
           Houses
           for
           the
           Ministers
           ,
           or
           Hospitals
           for
           the
           Poor
           ,
           Sick
           and
           Widows
           .
        
         
         
           And
           now
           I
           think
           every
           one
           must
           needs
           confess
           ,
           That
           they
           never
           saw
           any
           thing
           more
           Beautiful
           ,
           Magnificent
           and
           Uniform
           than
           this
           Primitive
           Cathedral
           of
           Tyre
           ;
           which
           was
           built
           immediately
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           had
           either
           Capacity
           or
           Liberty
           to
           do
           it
           .
           And
           we
           read
           of
           no
           Murmurers
           ,
           that
           envyed
           the
           costly
           Devotion
           of
           those
           Pious
           Bishops
           and
           People
           bestowed
           on
           GOD
           their
           Saviour
           and
           Mighty
           Redeemer
           :
           Nor
           were
           they
           by
           any
           charged
           with
           Superstition
           (
           either
           upon
           that
           or
           any
           other
           account
           )
           in
           that
           Glorious
           Age
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Plane
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             the
             Holy
             Sepulcher
             .
          
        
         
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           IV.
           Of
           the
           Church
           of
           the
           Holy
           Sepulchre
           .
        
         
           THIS
           by
           the
           Piety
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Constantine
           ,
           was
           built
           over
           the
           Place
           where
           the
           Body
           of
           our
           Saviour
           was
           laid
           ,
           from
           the
           time
           of
           his
           Death
           to
           his
           Resurrection
           .
        
         
           This
           Place
           (
           as
           the
           most
           Eminent
           Monument
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           )
           the
           Heathens
           had
           defiled
           ,
           covered
           it
           all
           over
           with
           Rubbish
           and
           Earth
           ,
           and
           then
           built
           a
           Temple
           to
           their
           most
           unclean
           Goddess
           Venus
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Memory
           of
           it
           being
           preserved
           by
           the
           Christians
           ,
           this
           Prophane
           Temple
           was
           demolished
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           unsanctified
           Materials
           quite
           carried
           away
           ,
           and
           cleansed
           to
           the
           Rock
           ,
           by
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           where
           they
           
           found
           that
           Venerable
           Monument
           entire
           and
           perfect
           after
           so
           many
           years
           .
        
         
           Which
           gave
           great
           Joy
           to
           the
           whole
           Church
           ,
           and
           especially
           the
           Pious
           Emperour
           ;
           who
           resolved
           there
           to
           erect
           a
           Glorious
           Church
           ,
           beyond
           any
           extant
           in
           any
           City
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           to
           be
           a
           Triumphant
           Trophy
           of
           the
           Glorious
           Victory
           of
           Christ
           over
           
             Death
             ,
             the
             World
          
           ,
           and
           
             the
             Devil
          
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           that
           end
           wrote
           Letters
           to
           Macarius
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Jerusalem
           ,
           to
           consult
           about
           the
           Matter
           and
           Form
           of
           it
           .
           And
           to
           all
           the
           Presidents
           and
           Governours
           of
           those
           Parts
           ,
           to
           be
           assistant
           with
           things
           Necessary
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           the
           most
           Precious
           Materials
           ,
           and
           ablest
           Architects
           and
           Workmen
           .
           And
           this
           Eusebius
           describes
           at
           length
           by
           the
           Epistle
           it self
           ;
           and
           then
           in
           the
           33d
           Chapter
           of
           his
           Third
           Book
           ,
           goes
           on
           thus
           :
        
         
           
           
             Those
             things
             the
             Emperour
             wrote
             ,
             
             and
             the
             effect
             followed
             immediately
             after
             his
             words
             :
             for
             in
             the
             very
             place
             of
             our
             Saviour's
             Sufferings
             was
             built
             the
             
               New
               Jerusalem
            
             ,
             over
             against
             the
             Old
             Famous
             City
             .
             Which
             after
             the
             Impious
             Murther
             of
             our
             LORD
             ,
             suffered
             the
             utmost
             Desolation
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             its
             wicked
             Inhabitants
             .
             The
             Emperour
             right
             over
             against
             it
             ,
             Erected
             the
             Trophy
             of
             Our
             SAVIOUR's
             Victory
             over
             Death
             ,
             adorned
             with
             Riches
             and
             Beauty
             .
             And
             perhaps
             this
             was
             that
             
               New
               Jerusalem
            
             spoken
             of
             by
             the
             Prophets
             ,
             which
             the
             Blessed
             Words
             in
             many
             places
             in
             the
             Spirit
             of
             God
             doth
             celebrate
             .
          
           
             First
             he
             Adorned
             the
             Holy
             Cave
             as
             the
             Chief
             Head
             and
             Principal
             part
             of
             the
             whole
             Work
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             Divine
             Monument
             ,
             beside
             which
             the
             Angel
             cloathed
             with
             Celestial
             Light
             ,
             
             declared
             the
             Glad
             Tidings
             of
             Regeneration
             by
             our
             SAVIOUR
             to
             all
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             This
             I
             say
             ,
             as
             the
             Chief
             of
             the
             whole
             Work
             ,
             
             His
             Imperial
             Majesty
             adorned
             with
             wonderful
             Pillars
             ,
             with
             admirable
             Beauty
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             kind
             of
             Ornaments
             .
             
          
           
             Thence
             you
             pass
             into
             a
             vast
             
             great
             Court
             open
             to
             the
             pure
             Air
             ;
             curiously
             Paved
             with
             Beautiful
             Stones
             ,
             encompassed
             at
             three
             Sides
             with
             long
             Portico's
             .
             
          
           
             Because
             the
             Royal
             Temple
             was
             joyned
             to
             that
             side
             ▪
             towards
             the
             Sun-Rising
             ,
             
             opposite
             to
             the
             Sepulchre
             :
             A
             wonderful
             Work
             ,
             
             raised
             to
             an
             immense
             height
             ,
             
             and
             spread
             out
             to
             a
             proportionable
             Length
             and
             Breadth
             ;
             whose
             Inside
             was
             imbelished
             with
             Planks
             of
             divers
             coloured
             Marble
             ,
             and
             the
             Outside
             with
             a
             Polite
             kind
             of
             Stone
             curiously
             joyned
             together
             ,
             with
             a
             Beauty
             nothing
             inferiour
             to
             Marble
             .
             
             He
             covered
             the
             Roof
             on
             the
             Outside
             with
             Lead
             to
             keep
             out
             the
             Winter
             Rains
             :
             The
             Inside
             he
             adorned
             with
             Carved
             Work
             ,
             and
             with
             Planches
             curiously
             joyned
             together
             ,
             that
             it
             represented
             a
             Great
             Sea
             spread
             all
             over
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             so
             covered
             all
             over
             with
             Gold
             ,
             that
             it
             makes
             the
             whole
             Church
             shine
             with
             incomparable
             Splendor
             .
          
           
             About
             both
             sides
             also
             of
             the
             Temple
             were
             two
             Rows
             of
             double
             Portico's
             ,
             
             containing
             an
             upper
             and
             a
             Lower
             Story
             ;
             
             which
             extended
             themselves
             the
             length
             of
             the
             whole
             Temple
             ,
             
             whose
             Arches
             were
             gilded
             with
             Gold
             :
             Of
             which
             those
             near
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Building
             were
             sustained
             with
             vast
             large
             Pillars
             ;
             Those
             that
             were
             within
             those
             at
             the
             Front
             ,
             were
             raised
             upon
             Pedestals
             made
             very
             Beautiful
             without
             :
             Three
             Gates
             well
             placed
             towards
             the
             Sun-Rising
             ,
             
             received
             
             the
             Entring
             Crowd
             of
             People
             .
          
           
             Opposite
             to
             those
             Gates
             was
             the
             Hemisphere
             or
             Cupolo
             ,
             
             which
             is
             the
             Chief
             of
             the
             whole
             Work
             ,
             
             raised
             up
             to
             the
             highest
             part
             of
             the
             Church
             :
             
             These
             Twelve
             Pillars
             do
             Encircle
             ,
             Equal
             to
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Twelve
             Apostles
             ;
             whose
             Capit●ls
             are
             adorned
             with
             large
             Fret-work
             of
             Silver
             ;
             which
             the
             Emperour
             dedicated
             to
             be
             a
             most
             Beautiful
             Offering
             to
             God.
             
          
           
             Thence
             going
             forward
             ,
             
             towards
             those
             Entrances
             placed
             before
             the
             Temple
             ,
             
             there
             is
             an
             Open
             
             Court
             between
             .
             There
             were
             in
             these
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             
             Outward
             Court
             
             
             Porticoe's
             ,
             and
             beyond
             the
             Court-Gates
             
             ,
             and
             beyond
             those
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Street
             a
             Market
             properly
             and
             Beautifully
             adjoyned
             to
             the
             Outward
             Gate
             
             of
             the
             whole
             ;
             yielding
             to
             those
             walking
             without
             an
             Amazing
             
             Prospect
             of
             those
             things
             that
             are
             to
             be
             seen
             within
             .
          
           
             This
             Temple
             the
             Emperour
             built
             to
             be
             a
             Salutiferous
             Testimony
             of
             the
             Resurrection
             ;
             
             which
             he
             adorned
             with
             Furniture
             very
             Magnificent
             and
             Princely
             .
             
             It
             is
             not
             to
             be
             expressed
             with
             what
             Gifts
             and
             Offerings
             he
             Enrich'd
             it
             ,
             of
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             ,
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             .
             Of
             which
             Time
             will
             not
             permit
             particularly
             to
             describe
             the
             Curiosity
             of
             the
             Work
             ;
             and
             the
             singular
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             Number
             ,
             and
             Variety
             of
             them
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           V.
           Observations
           on
           the
           Church
           of
           the
           Sepulchre
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           
             Eximiis
             Columnis
          
           .
           What
           Figure
           this
           Magnificent
           Structure
           was
           built
           in
           ,
           Eusebius
           leaves
           us
           to
           find
           out
           some
           where
           else
           ;
           only
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             It
             was
             adorned
             with
             fine
             Pillars
             .
          
        
         
           If
           the
           present
           Building
           be
           the
           same
           that
           was
           built
           by
           Constantine
           (
           as
           Eusebius
           ,
           or
           by
           his
           Mother
           
             Helena
             a●
             Zozomene
          
           ,
           and
           as
           in
           all
           likelyhood
           this
           part
           is
           ,
           thô
           not
           the
           whole
           )
           then
           it
           was
           thus
           ,
           according
           to
           Mr.
           
           Sands's
           Figure
           :
           
        
         
           Upon
           a
           Circular
           Foundation
           is
           raised
           a
           very
           large
           and
           wide
           Cupolo
           ,
           with
           a
           double
           Portico
           or
           Gallery
           sustained
           by
           many
           Marble
           Pillars
           surrounding
           it
           within
           ,
           with
           upper
           and
           lower
           Story
           .
        
         
         
           The
           number
           of
           the
           Pillars
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           Platform
           ,
           is
           Sixteen
           ,
           besides
           those
           that
           support
           a
           Great
           Door
           entring
           into
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           Between
           the
           Upper
           Story
           and
           the
           Roof
           is
           a
           Border
           of
           Niches
           ,
           containing
           Figures
           of
           Saints
           in
           Mosaick
           Work
           ;
           which
           we
           may
           suppose
           of
           later
           Date
           .
        
         
           The
           Roof
           shuts
           up
           in
           a
           Cupolo
           ,
           covered
           within
           with
           Beams
           containing
           whole
           Bodies
           of
           Cedars
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           leave
           a
           Round
           Hole
           in
           the
           Center
           on
           the
           Top
           ,
           that
           lets
           in
           both
           Light
           and
           Air
           ;
           Just
           under
           which
           is
           the
           Holy
           Monument
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           &c.
           
             Thence
             you
             pass
             into
             a
             vast
             Great
             place
             into
             the
             open
             Air
             ,
          
           i.
           e.
           Eastward
           ;
           as
           he
           goes
           on
           with
           his
           Description
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           East-side
           there
           is
           a
           great
           Gate
           ,
           but
           now
           it
           opens
           only
           into
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           :
           But
           in
           
           Eusebius's
           Time
           it
           seems
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Court
           between
           ,
           encompassed
           
           on
           Three
           sides
           with
           Portico's
           ,
           or
           Cloysters
           sustained
           with
           Pillars
           .
           And
           the
           Fourth
           towards
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           opposite
           to
           the
           Sepulchre
           ,
           was
           the
           Front
           of
           the
           Basilica
           or
           Church
           ;
           which
           according
           to
           his
           Description
           was
           a
           vast
           Great
           Church
           :
           
           But
           now
           must
           be
           either
           much
           .
           Bigger
           than
           it
           was
           then
           ,
           or
           it
           must
           have
           been
           built
           further
           Eastwards
           ;
           but
           the
           Rock
           of
           Mount
           Calvary
           ,
           to
           the
           Foot
           of
           which
           this
           Temple
           reaches
           ,
           seems
           to
           hinder
           this
           :
           So
           that
           where
           the
           present
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           is
           built
           ,
           I
           take
           to
           be
           the
           place
           where
           that
           great
           Court
           or
           Cloyster
           was
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           &c.
           Towards
           the
           Sun-Rising
           ;
           
             i.
             e.
          
           Eastward
           from
           the
           Sepulchre
           ,
           on
           the
           opposite
           side
           of
           the
           Court
           was
           the
           Church
           ;
           
             which
             he
             calls
             here
          
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           The
           Kingly
           or
           Royal
           Temple
           .
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           &c.
           About
           both
           sides
           of
           the
           Temple
           were
           two
           rows
           of
           double
           Portico's
           ,
           containing
           an
           upper
           and
           a
           lower
           Story
           or
           Gallery
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           One
           Row
           or
           Gallery
           even
           with
           the
           Pavement
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           another
           above
           that
           .
           Like
           that
           now
           about
           the
           Sepulchre
           :
           And
           so
           is
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
          
           ,
           and
           St
           Lukes
           .
        
         
           But
           I
           do
           not
           know
           ,
           but
           that
           by
           double
           Portico's
           ,
           he
           may
           mean
           below
           as
           well
           as
           above
           ;
           like
           that
           which
           Mr
           Sands
           describes
           at
           
             Bethlem
             ,
             Lib.
             3.
             p.
          
           178.
           which
           has
           two
           Rows
           of
           Beautiful
           Marble
           Pillars
           of
           one
           piece
           ,
           on
           each
           side
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           :
           But
           here
           is
           no
           upper
           Portico
           at
           present
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           
             Three
             Doors
             towards
             the
             Sun-Rising
          
           .
           I
           suppose
           he
           means
           in
           the
           Front
           ,
           as
           they
           went
           from
           the
           Sepulchre
           Eastwards
           by
           what
           follows
           ;
           thô
           that
           there
           were
           also
           Doors
           at
           the
           East-End
           will
           be
           manifest
           by
           and
           by
           .
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             Opposite
             to
             these
          
           ,
           i.
           e.
           The
           Doors
           and
           the
           
             Portico's
             ,
             was
             the
             Hemisphere
          
           ;
           i.
           e.
           that
           the
           Italians
           call
           a
           Cupolo
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           a
           Dome
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           Valesius
           seems
           much
           out
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           thinking
           that
           Eusebius
           calls
           this
           improperly
           so
           ;
           and
           would
           rather
           have
           it
           a
           Hemicyclus
           ,
           or
           rather
           a
           Hemicylender
           :
           For
           Eusebius
           means
           not
           that
           sort
           of
           a
           Quadrant
           of
           a
           Sphere
           ,
           as
           is
           to
           be
           seen
           at
           the
           East-End
           in
           some
           Churches
           ;
           as
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
             ,
             &c.
          
           where
           the
           Altar
           was
           placed
           in
           such
           Churches
           ;
           but
           properly
           a
           Cupolo
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           Hemisphere
           and
           was
           here
           sustained
           by
           Twelve
           Pillars
           ;
           under
           it
           indeed
           I
           suppose
           was
           the
           Altar
           placed
           in
           the
           Center
           of
           the
           Circle
           ;
           as
           at
           that
           of
           Tyre
           :
           But
           more
           plain
           here
           ,
           for
           at
           the
           East-End
           were
           also
           Doors
           to
           this
           Church
           ,
           more
           evidently
           than
           that
           of
           Tyre
           .
           And
           in
           Reality
           here
           is
           yet
           a
           great
           Cupolo
           standing
           ,
           as
           
           Mr.
           
           Sands's
           Draft
           describes
           it
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           the
           same
           Eusebius
           speaks
           of
           ,
           for
           ought
           I
           know
           .
           Thô
           there
           seem
           to
           be
           many
           other
           Alterations
           now
           from
           the
           Ancient
           Church
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           indeed
           a
           Semicircle
           below
           ;
           but
           Eusebius
           speaks
           of
           its
           reaching
           up
           to
           the
           Summit
           of
           the
           Building
           ,
           where
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           it
           was
           properly
           a
           Hemisphere
           .
           But
           I
           do
           not
           think
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           the
           furthest
           Eastern
           part
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           but
           so
           that
           there
           was
           place
           to
           go
           about
           it
           without
           side
           ,
           where
           the
           two
           double
           Portico's
           met
           ,
           as
           the
           Figure
           I
           have
           made
           of
           it
           ,
           or
           as
           it
           is
           on
           the
           East-End
           of
           Westminster-Abby
           :
           For
           ,
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           &c.
           Thence
           going
           forward
           to
           the
           Entrance
           before
           the
           Temple
           ,
           he
           placed
           an
           open
           Court.
           
        
         
           
             Thence
             going
             forward
          
           ,
           shews
           plainly
           ,
           That
           there
           were
           Eastern-Gates
           or
           Passages
           that
           led
           into
           a
           great
           Court
           ,
           or
           Cloyster
           ;
           which
           
           led
           to
           outward
           Gates
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           the
           Street
           and
           Market
           in
           a
           continued
           Series
           .
           Therefore
           I
           take
           it
           to
           be
           plain
           .
           That
           the
           Altar
           was
           here
           placed
           under
           the
           Cupolo
           ,
           but
           more
           toward
           the
           Eastern-End
           ,
           than
           that
           I
           described
           at
           Tyre
           ;
           but
           so
           with
           a
           Semicircle
           at
           the
           bottom
           ,
           as
           the
           Synthronon
           might
           there
           be
           placed
           .
           And
           by
           a
           Walk
           under
           the
           double
           Portico
           (
           on
           each
           hand
           )
           was
           a
           Space
           both
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           between
           it
           and
           the
           Eastern
           Wall
           ,
           and
           there
           Doors
           to
           go
           out
           into
           the
           Eastern-Cloyster
           ,
           Gates
           and
           Street
           .
           The
           present
           Platform
           doth
           not
           altogether
           answer
           this
           ;
           for
           all
           the
           Cloysters
           and
           Courts
           are
           gon
           ,
           and
           the
           Entrance
           now
           is
           only
           South
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             The
             first
             Court.
          
           I
           take
           this
           to
           be
           the
           same
           that
           he
           calls
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           in
           the
           10th
           Book
           of
           his
           Description
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             with
             a
             Wall
             about
             
             the
             whole
             Circuit
             of
             Ground
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             Fence
             of
             the
             whole
          
           ;
           which
           it
           seems
           was
           also
           Beautified
           here
           with
           covered
           Walks
           or
           Cloysters
           ,
           sustained
           with
           Pillars
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Inner
           Courts
           ,
           he
           calls
           here
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Title
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           as
           Valesius
           observes
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Exedrarum
           .
           It
           seems
           by
           this
           Title
           ,
           there
           were
           also
           Out-houses
           and
           Buildings
           to
           this
           as
           well
           as
           to
           that
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ;
           thô
           he
           describes
           them
           not
           ;
           and
           we
           may
           suppose
           joyned
           to
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           or
           
             Outward
             Court
          
           ;
           or
           else
           to
           the
           Outsides
           of
           the
           other
           Courts
           .
           Things
           are
           now
           so
           transposed
           and
           blended
           here
           by
           the
           Little
           Fables
           ,
           Legends
           and
           Superstitions
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           now
           but
           a
           Little
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Glory
           ,
           Beauty
           and
           Splendor
           of
           this
           Magnificent
           Edifice
           remaining
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VI.
           Of
           the
           Building
           of
           the
           Martyrium
           of
           the
           Apostles
           at
           Constantinople
           .
           Eusebius
           de
           vitâ
           Constant
           .
           Lib.
           4.
           
           Cap.
           58
           ,
           59.
           
        
         
           AFTER
           this
           the
           Emperor
           
           began
           to
           build
           the
           Martyrium
           in
           Memory
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           in
           the
           City
           called
           by
           his
           own
           Name
           .
           And
           when
           he
           had
           built
           the
           Temple
           up
           to
           an
           immense
           Height
           ,
           he
           rendred
           it
           most
           Splendid
           with
           various
           sorts
           of
           Stone
           ,
           Casing
           it
           all
           over
           from
           the
           Bottom
           to
           the
           Roof
           therewith
           .
           The
           Roof
           Within-side
           he
           adorned
           with
           fine
           small
           Work
           ,
           embelish'd
           all
           over
           with
           Gold.
           The
           Roof
           Without-side
           he
           covered
           with
           Brass
           instead
           of
           Tiles
           ,
           to
           secure
           the
           whole
        
         
           
             
             
               The
               Plane
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               the
               Apostles
               at
               Constantinople
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Building
             from
             the
             Rains
             ;
             which
             also
             he
             made
             shine
             with
             Gold
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             it
             dazelled
             the
             Eyes
             of
             them
             that
             beheld
             it
             afar
             off
             ,
             by
             the
             Repercussion
             of
             the
             Sun-Beams
             from
             it
             .
             The
             circular
             Chancel
             or
             Cupolo
             was
             enclosed
             about
             with
             Net-work
             of
             Brass
             ,
             gilded
             with
             Gold.
             
          
           
             And
             this
             Temple
             by
             the
             Emperor
             's
             Great
             and
             Pious
             Care
             ,
             
             was
             yet
             Adorned
             after
             this
             manner
             :
             About
             it
             was
             a
             Great
             open
             Court
             ,
             letting
             in
             the
             fresh
             Air
             :
             
             About
             which
             was
             on
             the
             four
             Sides
             ,
             joyning
             to
             each
             other
             ,
             
             Portico's
             making
             a
             Cloyster
             ,
             encompassing
             the
             Court
             and
             Temple
             in
             the
             Middle
             .
             
             Adjoyning
             to
             these
             Portico's
             ,
             
             he
             built
             Palaces
             ,
             
             Baths
             and
             Mansions
             ,
             
             with
             many
             other
             Conveniences
             ,
             for
             the
             Use
             of
             those
             that
             kept
             the
             Place
             .
          
           
             There
             he
             placed
             Twelve
             Cases
             ,
             
             as
             it
             were
             Sacred
             Pillars
             in
             Memory
             of
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             
             and
             placed
             his
             own
             Monument
             in
             the
             middle
             .
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VII
           .
           Observations
           on
           the
           Temple
           of
           the
           Apostles
           .
        
         
           WHat
           Form
           or
           Figure
           this
           was
           built
           of
           ,
           Eusebius
           ,
           gives
           us
           no
           account
           ;
           only
           that
           it
           was
           plac'd
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           a
           large
           Square
           and
           open
           Court
           ,
           adorn'd
           and
           accommodated
           with
           a
           Cloyster
           on
           the
           four
           Sides
           ,
           to
           which
           were
           joyned
           Palaces
           ,
           Baths
           ,
           Places
           to
           Lodge
           Strangers
           ,
           and
           other
           Conveniences
           .
           But
           Valesius
           out
           of
           
             Gregory
             Nazianzen
             (
             In
             Carmine
             de
             Insomnio
             Anastatiae
             )
          
           shews
           us
           ,
           That
           the
           Temple
           it self
           was
           built
           in
           form
           of
           a
           Cross
           .
        
         
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
        
         
         
           And
           the
           Magnificent
           Temple
           of
           Christ's
           Disciples
           ,
           divided
           in
           four
           Parts
           ,
           with
           Sides
           in
           Form
           of
           a
           Cross
           .
        
         
           That
           is
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           Square
           without
           ,
           and
           Divided
           within
           into
           four
           Parts
           ,
           in
           Form
           of
           a
           Cross
           ;
           as
           most
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Churches
           I
           have
           seen
           in
           Greece
           ,
           and
           now
           extant
           ,
           remain
           to
           this
           day
           :
           As
           that
           of
           
             Sancta
             Sophia
          
           ,
           at
           
             Constantinople
             ;
             Jovianus
          
           at
           Corfu
           ;
           of
           Romanus
           at
           S.
           
           Luke's
           Convent
           under
           the
           Helicon
           ;
           that
           at
           
             Heraclea
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           Which
           have
           a
           Cupolo
           raised
           in
           the
           middle
           ;
           with
           half
           Cupolo's
           joyned
           to
           the
           East
           ,
           West
           ,
           North
           and
           South
           ;
           and
           small
           Cupolo's
           filling
           up
           each
           Corner
           .
           Which
           being
           covered
           with
           Brass
           ,
           and
           Gilt
           with
           Gold
           ,
           must
           needs
           make
           a
           most
           Splendid
           show
           to
           all
           that
           beheld
           it
           afar
           off
           ,
           and
           near
           at
           hand
           .
        
         
           Indeed
           Mr.
           Sands
           gives
           us
           a
           Platform
           of
           One
           built
           by
           the
           same
           Emperor
           ,
           or
           his
           Mother
           Helena
           ,
           
           much
           Longer
           than
           Broad
           ,
           and
           so
           more
           like
           our
           Western
           Form
           of
           the
           Cross
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           This
           Valesius
           thinks
           was
           either
           the
           Cupolo
           ,
           or
           place
           for
           the
           Altar
           .
           I
           take
           it
           to
           be
           both
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           whole
           Chancel
           ,
           from
           the
           Top
           to
           the
           Bottom
           ;
           which
           was
           of
           a
           Circular
           Figure
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           or
           as
           I
           think
           it
           should
           be
           written
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             Circulari
             formâ
          
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           a
           Circle
           at
           the
           Bottom
           ,
           and
           covered
           with
           a
           Cupolo
           or
           Hemisphere
           on
           the
           Top.
           
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           This
           Net-work
           round
           about
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           was
           made
           of
           Brass
           and
           Gold
           ,
           i.
           e.
           Brass
           gilded
           .
           This
           I
           take
           to
           be
           the
           Cancelli
           ,
           or
           Separation
           of
           the
           Holy
           Place
           or
           Chancel
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           Of
           which
           Net-work
           Separation
           he
           hath
           spoken
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             The
             Perimeter
             ,
             Round
             or
             on
             every
             Side
             ,
             or
             every
             way
             about
             .
          
           This
           intimates
           that
           the
           Chancel
           was
           not
           against
           the
           Eastern-Wall
           ,
           but
           had
           a
           Space
           between
           ;
           as
           those
           of
           Tyre
           and
           Ierusalem
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             Capsas
             ,
             quasi
             sacras
             Columnas
          
           .
           These
           Monumental
           Pillars
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           were
           such
           as
           that
           of
           the
           Emperor
           Marcianus
           ,
           remaining
           now
           at
           Constantinople
           ,
           with
           a
           Vessel
           or
           Urn
           on
           the
           Top
           ;
           unless
           they
           were
           the
           Pillars
           sustaining
           the
           VestiBulum
           .
        
         
           In
           what
           part
           of
           the
           Church
           this
           was
           placed
           ,
           Eusebius
           gives
           no
           Account
           .
           One
           would
           think
           they
           were
           in
           the
           Middle
           under
           the
           Great
           Cupolo
           ,
           by
           the
           placing
           of
           Constantine
           in
           the
           Middle
           ,
           but
           perhaps
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           because
           he
           saith
           ,
           they
           were
           placed
           six
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           six
           on
           the
           other
           .
           
           Thô
           S.
           Chrysostom
           saith
           ,
           
           That
           Constantine
           was
           Buried
           ,
           
             In
             Vestibulo
             aedis
             Apostolorum
             ,
             quasi
             Eorum
             Janitorem
             ,
          
           In
           the
           Porch
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           as
           their
           Door-Keeper
           .
           If
           so
           ,
           then
           these
           Monumental
           Pillars
           must
           be
           placed
           there
           also
           ,
           according
           to
           Eusebius
           his
           Description
           .
           That
           which
           Valesius
           brings
           out
           of
           Zonaras
           to
           reconcile
           Eusebius
           and
           S.
           Chrysostom
           ,
           only
           proves
           in
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           That
           this
           Part
           of
           the
           Church
           that
           Constantine
           built
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           Apostles
           and
           his
           own
           Monument
           ,
           was
           the
           Vestibulum
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           This
           I
           Translate
           Palaces
           ;
           because
           it
           is
           in
           the
           Plural
           Number
           ,
           and
           because
           they
           were
           joyned
           to
           the
           other
           Conveniencs
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           for
           those
           that
           had
           the
           Care
           and
           Government
           of
           it
           .
           For
           there
           is
           no
           likelyhood
           that
           there
           were
           more
           Churches
           than
           One
           ,
           which
           
           was
           the
           Famous
           great
           Building
           he
           is
           describing
           ,
           Dedicated
           to
           the
           Remembrance
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           and
           which
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Chapter
           he
           calls
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           Thô
           in
           the
           Singular
           Number
           it
           is
           generally
           used
           for
           a
           
             Chief
             Church
          
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           a
           Cathedral
           ,
           or
           some
           Great
           and
           Magnificent
           Building
           .
        
         
           These
           Accommodations
           in
           this
           Church
           were
           joyned
           to
           the
           Peribolus
           ,
           or
           
             Outward
             Court
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Cloysters
           about
           it
           .
           And
           I
           believe
           were
           Houses
           for
           the
           Bishop
           ,
           Presbyters
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Clergy
           that
           had
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Constantinople
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VIII
           .
           A
           Description
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Churches
           and
           Assemblies
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           .
        
         
           FRom
           these
           several
           Particulars
           ,
           and
           my
           own
           Observations
           of
           several
           Ancient
           Buildings
           ,
           I
           think
           I
           may
           now
           venture
           to
           make
           a
           General
           Description
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Church
           .
           Of
           which
           I
           shall
           first
           Present
           you
           with
           a
           Scheme
           of
           the
           Prospect
           and
           Platform
           of
           it
           ,
           
           and
           then
           descend
           to
           the
           Particulars
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Church
             Yard
             .
          
           
             
               A
               Plane
               of
               the
               Primitive
               Churches
               .
               Fig
               :
               IIII.
               
            
          
           
             
               A
               Prof●●ect
               of
               the
               Ancient
               Church
               .
               Fig
               :
               V.
               
            
          
           
             This
             Wall
             had
             sometimes
             a
             Cloyster
             about
             it
             ;
             as
             the
             Church
             
             
             of
             the
             Apostles
             of
             Constantinople
             .
             And
             to
             these
             Cloysters
             were
             built
             Apartments
             for
             Various
             Occasions
             of
             those
             that
             appertained
             to
             the
             Church
             ;
             as
             Houses
             for
             the
             Bishop
             and
             Presbyters
             ,
             for
             the
             Poor
             ,
             Widows
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             Entrances
             of
             this
             Outward
             Court
             ,
             you
             went
             strait
             forward
             
             to
             the
             Porch
             ,
             or
             Portico
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             which
             the
             Greeks
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             undoubtedly
             were
             very
             Magnificent
             ;
             both
             by
             Eusebius's
             Description
             ,
             and
             the
             Remains
             and
             Ancient
             Ruines
             of
             many
             I
             have
             seen
             .
             That
             of
             the
             Emperor
             Jovian
             at
             Corfu
             is
             sustained
             by
             Corinthian
             Pillars
             of
             
             Marble
             ;
             That
             at
             Troy
             with
             vast
             Pillars
             of
             Marble
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             most
             Beautiful
             Architecture
             to
             accompany
             it
             :
             That
             of
             
               Sancta
               Sophia
            
             at
             Constantinople
             is
             double
             ,
             but
             seems
             somewhat
             Encombred
             with
             Modern
             Buildings
             of
             a
             Little
             Brick
             Steeple
             ,
             and
             others
             unproportioned
             to
             the
             Magnificence
             of
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Fabrick
             .
             The
             inward
             Roofs
             of
             them
             are
             Arched
             and
             Encrusted
             with
             Mosaick
             Work
             in
             divers
             Figures
             ,
             and
             the
             Ground-work
             gilded
             .
          
           
             The
             Reverend
             and
             Learned
             Dr.
             Beveridge
             seems
             to
             make
             this
             distinct
             from
             the
             Three
             parts
             ,
             that
             the
             Ancient
             Church
             was
             divided
             into
             ;
             according
             to
             
               Simeon
               Thessalonicensis
            
             ,
             cited
             by
             him
             :
             
               And
               for
               another
               Reason
               the
               Divine
               Temple
               is
               divided
               into
               Three
               parts
               .
               To
               those
               without
               or
               before
               the
               Temple
               ;
               the
               Temple
               ;
               and
               the
            
             Bema
             ,
             
               or
               Chancel
            
             *
             .
             But
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             seems
             manifestly
             to
             me
             ▪
             to
             point
             out
             the
             same
             thing
             with
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             the
             Porch
             or
             Gate
             of
             the
             Temple
             †
             :
             So
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             was
             used
             by
             the
             Ancient
             Greeks
             ,
             to
             signifie
             the
             Porch
             or
             Entrance
             into
             their
             Temples
             ,
             and
             not
             as
             a
             Part
             within
             their
             Temples
             ;
             but
             the
             first
             part
             at
             the
             Entrance
             .
             This
             Symeons
             Periphrasis
             of
             it
             makes
             manifest
             ;
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               Those
               without
               ,
               or
               before
               the
               Temple
               .
            
             The
             same
             also
             that
             Zonaras
             makes
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               Without
               the
               Church
            
             ;
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               Without
               the
               Church-Yard
            
             ;
             and
             interprets
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             by
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             in
             the
             46th
             Canon
             of
             
               Carthage
               ,
               Balsomon
            
             makes
             to
             be
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             upon
             the
             87th
             .
             Can.
             in
             Trullo
             .
          
           
             Besides
             I
             see
             no
             part
             of
             the
             Ancient
             Buildings
             accommodated
             to
             make
             them
             distinct
             ,
             no
             more
             
             than
             the
             present
             :
             So
             that
             I
             can
             no
             longer
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             were
             the
             same
             .
             Whether
             there
             were
             any
             other
             Separation
             within
             or
             no
             made
             of
             Wood
             ,
             I
             cannot
             determine
             ,
             perhaps
             in
             Lesser
             Churches
             ,
             where
             there
             was
             no
             Portico
             ,
             it
             was
             divided
             into
             Three
             parts
             within
             the
             Doors
             ,
             as
             Dr.
             Beveridge
             has
             designed
             it
             .
          
           
             From
             this
             Portico
             ,
             the
             Entrance
             
             
             into
             the
             Church
             was
             by
             Three
             large
             Doors
             ;
             the
             biggest
             of
             which
             was
             in
             the
             middle
             .
             These
             were
             those
             (
             I
             suppose
             )
             that
             were
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Great
               Doors
            
             ;
             and
             sometimes
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             
               The
               Beautiful
               Gates
            
             .
             But
             I
             suspect
             the
             Moderns
             confound
             those
             often
             with
             those
             of
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Chancel
             ,
             which
             are
             sometimes
             called
             by
             that
             name
             .
             These
             Doors
             at
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             Eusebius
             speaks
             of
             in
             his
             Church
             of
             Tyre
             ;
             and
             
             compares
             the
             middle
             Door
             to
             a
             Queen
             ,
             
             with
             her
             two
             Royal
             Attendants
             on
             each
             hand
             .
          
           
             These
             Three
             Doors
             led
             into
             three
             General
             parts
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             extended
             in
             Length
             from
             West
             to
             East
             :
             The
             great
             Middle
             Door
             leads
             into
             the
             Body
             or
             Nave
             of
             the
             Church
             †
             ,
             and
             the
             two
             Lesser
             ones
             (
             at
             each
             Hand
             )
             into
             the
             Iles
             *
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             you
             are
             entred
             into
             the
             NAOS
             ,
             
             or
             CHVRCH
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ;
             which
             was
             variously
             divided
             into
             diversity
             of
             Stations
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             different
             Sex
             ,
             Qualities
             ,
             
             and
             Degrees
             of
             the
             Assembly
             .
             The
             Men
             in
             the
             Middle
             or
             Body
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             Women
             (
             as
             to
             this
             day
             )
             on
             each
             Hand
             ,
             in
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Iles
             :
             The
             Married
             Women
             on
             one
             hand
             ,
             and
             the
             Virgins
             on
             the
             other
             .
             And
             in
             some
             places
             in
             Galleries
             over
             those
             Iles
             ,
             separated
             from
             the
             View
             of
             the
             Men
             
             by
             a
             Latice
             .
             That
             the
             Men
             were
             Anciently
             separated
             from
             the
             Women
             ;
             and
             the
             Men
             again
             Subdivided
             in
             the
             Latin
             Church
             also
             ,
             is
             manifest
             from
             that
             Fragment
             of
             an
             Inscription
             found
             at
             Rome
             ,
             and
             mentioned
             by
             Dr.
             Cave
             .
          
           
             —
             EX
             DEXTRA
             PARTE
             VIRORUM
             .
          
           
             This
             Division
             of
             the
             Church
             appears
             in
             all
             the
             Ancient
             Churches
             I
             have
             seen
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             Ancient
             Churches
             were
             also
             divided
             into
             diversity
             of
             Stations
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             different
             Christian
             Qualities
             ,
             or
             Ecclesiastical
             Degrees
             of
             the
             Persons
             ,
             is
             also
             manifest
             ;
             thô
             to
             place
             each
             particular
             Order
             exactly
             ,
             there
             is
             some
             difficulty
             .
             I
             have
             not
             observed
             any
             Separation
             in
             Ancient
             Churches
             ,
             between
             the
             Great
             Doors
             and
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Chancel
             ,
             but
             those
             Doors
             that
             let
             into
             the
             Chancel
             .
             Thô
             
             undoubtedly
             ,
             as
             there
             was
             a
             Separation
             by
             Cancelli
             ,
             or
             Open
             work
             ,
             between
             the
             Stations
             of
             the
             Clergy
             and
             their
             holy
             Ministry
             from
             the
             Laity
             ;
             being
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Faithful
             :
             So
             likewise
             there
             was
             a
             Separation
             between
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             and
             the
             Penitents
             and
             Learners
             .
          
           
             And
             this
             we
             find
             plain
             ,
             That
             the
             Penitents
             and
             Learners
             were
             placed
             next
             to
             the
             Door
             ;
             the
             Faithful
             next
             to
             them
             ,
             Eastward
             ;
             and
             the
             Clergy
             in
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Chancel
             ,
             in
             the
             most
             Eastern
             part
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             Eusebius
             makes
             none
             ,
             but
             the
             Faithful
             to
             enter
             within
             the
             Doors
             ,
             and
             assigns
             his
             Portico's
             and
             Cloysters
             for
             the
             Learners
             and
             Penitents
             .
             But
             that
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             if
             not
             all
             ,
             were
             likewise
             permitted
             to
             come
             within
             the
             Church-Doors
             ,
             is
             also
             evident
             by
             that
             Passage
             of
             
               Gregory
               Thaumaturgus
            
             *
             :
             
               The
               Place
               of
               the
               Hearers
               
               is
               within
               the
               Gates
               in
               the
            
             Narthex
             .
          
           
             But
             Balsamon
             permits
             them
             not
             to
             come
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             or
             
               The
               Gates
               of
               Salvation
            
             ;
             yet
             still
             places
             them
             in
             the
             Narthex
             .
             So
             that
             either
             there
             must
             be
             some
             Separation
             of
             Wood
             between
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             and
             the
             Great
             Doors
             :
             Or
             by
             Narthex
             must
             be
             meant
             the
             same
             with
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Perhaps
             in
             Lesser
             Churches
             ,
             where
             they
             had
             not
             these
             Outward
             Porches
             ,
             they
             made
             use
             of
             some
             Separation
             of
             Wood
             within
             instead
             thereof
             :
             The
             Space
             between
             which
             and
             the
             Outward
             Doors
             they
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             And
             there
             probably
             sometimes
             they
             placed
             the
             Font
             or
             Columbethra
             :
             Thô
             Eusebius
             places
             it
             in
             the
             Quadrangle
             of
             his
             Cloyster
             in
             the
             open
             Air.
             It
             was
             in
             the
             Porch
             at
             Athens
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             
               Sancta
               Sophia
            
             .
          
           
           
             There
             are
             some
             Passages
             in
             their
             Liturgies
             and
             Pontificals
             ,
             
             which
             seem
             to
             make
             the
             whole
             Body
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             between
             the
             Great
             Doors
             and
             the
             Chancel
             ,
             to
             have
             been
             called
             the
             Narthex
             ,
             as
             their
             often
             coming
             out
             of
             the
             
               Holy
               Doors
               ,
               i.
               e.
            
             from
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             does
             imply
             .
          
           
             But
             I
             doubt
             not
             but
             this
             Variety
             ariseth
             from
             more
             Modern
             Custom
             ;
             since
             they
             retain
             not
             those
             several
             Stations
             they
             had
             in
             Old
             time
             ;
             all
             Men
             now
             mixing
             together
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             Women
             on
             each
             side
             in
             the
             Iles.
             
          
           
             But
             however
             that
             was
             ,
             this
             is
             evident
             ,
             that
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Learners
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             Degrees
             of
             Penitents
             ,
             had
             their
             Station
             at
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             
             nearer
             to
             the
             Doors
             than
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             order
             ;
             according
             to
             the
             several
             Degrees
             of
             the
             Penitents
             ;
             which
             were
             Four
             :
          
           
             First
             ,
             Those
             who
             began
             their
             Penance
             ,
             or
             came
             first
             to
             do
             their
             Penanco
             ,
             desiring
             Pardon
             of
             God
             and
             his
             Church
             ;
             who
             were
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             those
             that
             Wept
             without
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             were
             not
             yet
             permitted
             into
             any
             part
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             Degree
             were
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Those
             who
             had
             done
             a
             certain
             prescribed
             time
             of
             Penance
             by
             the
             Canons
             ;
             and
             so
             were
             permitted
             to
             come
             and
             hear
             the
             Scriptures
             .
          
           
             The
             Third
             Degree
             were
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Substrati
             ,
             Those
             who
             were
             Humbled
             ,
             and
             had
             performed
             their
             Penance
             a
             Degree
             of
             time
             longer
             ,
             and
             were
             permitted
             to
             stand
             within
             the
             Church
             some
             part
             of
             Divine
             Service
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Fourth
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             were
             permitted
             to
             stay
             and
             partake
             of
             the
             Prayers
             with
             the
             
               Faithful
               ▪
            
             but
             ,
             not
             to
             Communicate
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             Each
             of
             these
             had
             a
             proper
             Place
             assigned
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             were
             manifestly
             without
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             if
             not
             without
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             
               Outward
               Court
            
             ;
             which
             was
             not
             accounted
             so
             Holy
             as
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             as
             Balsamon
             observes
             *
             .
             So
             then
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Porch
             ,
             must
             remain
             to
             some
             others
             ;
             who
             we
             find
             were
             either
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Learners
             ,
             and
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             those
             
               Possessed
               with
               Evil
               Spirits
            
             †
             .
          
           
           
             Then
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Substrati
             :
             For
             in
             this
             Order
             we
             find
             them
             generally
             numbred
             †
             .
             So
             that
             counting
             backward
             from
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             who
             were
             next
             to
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             behind
             the
             Pulpit
             ‖
             it
             is
             evident
             that
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             were
             next
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             next
             to
             them
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             and
             then
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             who
             probably
             stood
             as
             near
             each
             other
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             to
             hear
             the
             Scriptures
             ,
             &c.
             as
             the
             Number
             of
             them
             would
             permit
             ;
             but
             so
             as
             without
             confusion
             either
             of
             Sex
             ,
             
             or
             of
             their
             own
             Rank
             .
             So
             that
             those
             that
             were
             Women
             ,
             stood
             in
             the
             Station
             of
             Women
             ;
             and
             Men
             in
             the
             Station
             of
             Men
             :
             And
             so
             that
             upon
             the
             Notice
             of
             the
             Deacon
             ,
             each
             of
             them
             might
             go
             out
             without
             Disorder
             to
             the
             rest
             ▪
             when
             their
             Respective
             Services
             and
             Prayers
             were
             performed
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             19th
             Canon
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             Laodicea
             .
          
           
             Between
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             and
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             
             stood
             the
             AMBO
             ,
             or
             
               Reading
               Desk
            
             *
             .
             It
             stood
             opposite
             to
             the
             Holy
             Doors
             of
             the
             Chancel
             †
             ,
             and
             the
             Beautiful
             Gates
             of
             the
             Entrance
             :
             So
             we
             may
             suppose
             ,
             it
             stood
             about
             the
             Middle
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             and
             either
             by
             some
             Steps
             or
             Separation
             of
             Wood
             distinguisht
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Penitents
             from
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             
               Faithful
               ;
               viz.
            
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             
             whose
             Station
             was
             behind
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             Westward
             .
          
           
             This
             Pulpit
             ,
             or
             Desk
             ,
             had
             a
             double
             Ascent
             to
             it
             ;
             one
             towards
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             towards
             the
             Entrance
             *
             ;
             and
             therein
             sometimes
             the
             Emperour
             had
             a
             Place
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             seen
             no
             Marks
             of
             this
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             Ancient
             or
             Modern
             Greek
             Churches
             ;
             for
             the
             Ambo
             is
             now
             placed
             on
             the
             North-side
             of
             the
             Nave
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             nearer
             to
             the
             Outward
             Gates
             than
             the
             Bema
             ;
             as
             I
             observed
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Minerva
             ,
             at
             Athens
             ,
             one
             yet
             remaining
             of
             white
             Marble
             curiously
             wrought
             ;
             which
             seems
             to
             stand
             so
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             whole
             Church
             that
             it
             is
             as
             near
             to
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             or
             Portico
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Bema
             or
             Chancel
             .
             Therefore
             it
             may
             be
             supposed
             to
             stand
             near
             the
             
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             .
          
           
             The
             principal
             use
             of
             this
             Ambo
             was
             ,
             to
             Read
             the
             Scriptures
             to
             the
             People
             ;
             especially
             the
             Epistles
             and
             Gospels
             .
             They
             Read
             the
             Gospel
             there
             yet
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             the
             Altar
             .
             The
             Singers
             also
             were
             placed
             there
             ,
             to
             begin
             and
             lead
             the
             Tunes
             of
             the
             Psalms
             .
             St.
             Chrysostom
             was
             the
             first
             ,
             that
             Preached
             to
             the
             People
             from
             thence
             ,
             as
             I
             before
             observed
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             Number
             of
             People
             that
             crouded
             to
             hear
             him
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             oher
             side
             of
             the
             Pulpit
             was
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             
             which
             took
             not
             only
             that
             Space
             between
             the
             Pulpit
             and
             Chancel
             ,
             in
             the
             middle
             or
             Body
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             which
             was
             for
             the
             Men
             ;
             but
             also
             on
             eachside
             ,
             in
             the
             North
             and
             South
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Sides
             for
             the
             Women
             .
          
           
           
             Eusebius
             ,
             seems
             to
             hint
             .
             That
             
             
             this
             was
             adorned
             with
             Seats
             or
             Benches
             in
             Order
             all
             over
             the
             Church
             ;
             as
             the
             Bema
             or
             Chancel
             was
             with
             Thrones
             ,
             for
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Presbyters
             .
             But
             now
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Church
             among
             the
             Greeks
             is
             accommodated
             with
             Stalls
             ,
             and
             a
             Throne
             for
             the
             Bishop
             at
             the
             Right
             hand
             ,
             at
             a
             little
             distance
             from
             the
             Bema
             ;
             much
             resembling
             our
             Quiers
             with
             Doors
             on
             each
             hand
             into
             the
             Iles
             :
             But
             the
             Bishop
             and
             Clergy
             sit
             ,
             or
             rather
             stand
             next
             to
             the
             Bema
             ,
             to
             Sing
             and
             Officiate
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             rest
             ,
             the
             Laity
             of
             better
             Sort
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             middle
             the
             rest
             ;
             as
             I
             observed
             at
             the
             Catholicon
             at
             Athens
             ,
             as
             they
             now
             call
             their
             Cathedral
             Churches
             .
             But
             in
             the
             Ancient
             Church
             ,
             this
             was
             the
             Station
             of
             those
             only
             who
             lived
             a
             Godly
             ,
             Righteous
             and
             Sober
             Life
             ;
             and
             therefore
             were
             called
             the
             Faithful
             .
             And
             those
             who
             had
             so
             long
             persevered
             in
             Repentance
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             raised
             
             again
             to
             that
             degree
             of
             Holiness
             ,
             required
             by
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             and
             the
             Church
             ;
             thô
             they
             were
             some
             time
             Longer
             proved
             ,
             before
             they
             were
             permitted
             to
             participate
             of
             the
             most
             Sacred
             Symbols
             ,
             being
             in
             their
             last
             degree
             of
             Penitence
             .
             From
             their
             admission
             into
             the
             Assembly
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             
             they
             were
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             staid
             and
             were
             partakers
             of
             the
             Prayers
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             Communicate
             of
             the
             Holy
             Sacrament
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             was
             divided
             into
             several
             Parts
             ,
             as
             I
             hinted
             before
             ;
             and
             is
             evident
             from
             that
             old
             Fragment
             of
             an
             Inscription
             before
             mentioned
             ,
          
           
             —
             EX
             DEXTRA
             PARTE
             VIRORUM
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             there
             were
             Stations
             for
             the
             Men
             on
             the
             Right
             hand
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             Left.
             And
             that
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Men
             is
             mentioned
             ,
             it
             shews
             
             evidently
             there
             was
             a
             distinct
             Station
             ,
             or
             Stations
             ,
             for
             the
             Women
             .
             For
             the
             Virgins
             also
             had
             a
             distinct
             Station
             from
             the
             Married
             Women
             ,
             
             as
             Origen
             shews
             .
             Which
             were
             undoubtedly
             either
             the
             Iles
             on
             either
             hand
             ,
             or
             the
             Galleries
             over
             them
             ,
             or
             both
             ;
             as
             it
             is
             in
             the
             Greek
             Church
             to
             this
             day
             .
             Which
             seems
             not
             only
             very
             decent
             ,
             but
             now
             adays
             (
             since
             Wickedness
             so
             much
             abounds
             )
             highly
             necessary
             :
             For
             the
             General
             mixture
             of
             Men
             and
             Women
             in
             the
             Latin
             Church
             is
             notoriously
             Scancialous
             ;
             and
             Little
             less
             is
             their
             Sitting
             together
             in
             the
             same
             Pews
             in
             our
             London
             Churches
             .
          
           
             These
             Parts
             of
             the
             Church
             the
             Pious
             and
             Learned
             Dr.
             Beveridge
             shews
             were
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Euchologium
             or
             
               Greek
               Ritual
            
             .
             And
             †
             Eusebius
             calls
             them
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Porches
             ,
             both
             the
             Upper
             and
             Under
             ,
             in
             the
             Church
             of
             the
             Sepulchre
             at
             Ierusalem
             .
             The
             Latin
             
             Church
             called
             them
             
               Alae
               ,
               Wings
            
             thence
             the
             
               French
               ,
               Les-Ailes
            
             ;
             and
             we
             more
             cor●uptly
             ,
             Iles
             ,
             from
             their
             resemblance
             of
             the
             Church
             to
             a
             Dove
             .
          
           
             Next
             to
             the
             Station
             of
             the
             Faithful
             is
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             or
             that
             we
             call
             CHANCEL
             ,
             thô
             differing
             very
             much
             from
             Ours
             in
             Bigness
             ,
             being
             much
             Less
             than
             
             Ours
             in
             proportion
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Church
             :
             For
             this
             being
             appropriated
             only
             to
             the
             Sacred
             Ministry
             ,
             is
             very
             short
             from
             East
             to
             West
             ,
             thô
             it
             takes
             up
             the
             whole
             Breadth
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Diaconicon
             ,
             or
             Prothesis
             ,
             and
             the
             Apothesis
             ,
             from
             North
             to
             South
             .
             It
             's
             proportion
             is
             about
             the
             same
             with
             the
             Altar
             ?
             within
             the
             Rails
             in
             Our
             Church
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             ever
             esteemed
             the
             Most
             Sacred
             Place
             of
             the
             whole
             Church
             ;
             being
             appropriated
             to
             the
             Most
             Holy
             Mysteries
             ,
             Ministry
             and
             Function
             of
             the
             Christian
             
             Religion
             :
             And
             therefore
             is
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Chancel
             ,
             
             
               The
               Holy
               of
               Holies
            
             by
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             with
             respect
             to
             the
             Temple
             at
             Jerusalem
             The
             Holy
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Place
             of
             Sacrifice
             or
             Altar
             :
             The
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Mercy
               Seat
            
             :
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Tribunal
            
             :
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Throne
               of
               Christ
            
             ,
             and
             
               Altar
               of
               God
            
             ;
             according
             to
             the
             diversity
             of
             Respects
             and
             Ministerial
             Functions
             performed
             therein
             ;
             as
             the
             Greeks
             Typically
             interpret
             it
             .
             
          
           
             This
             was
             divided
             from
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Church
             by
             Open-work
             of
             Wood
             ;
             as
             Eusebius
             describes
             it
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               With
               Nets
               or
               Net-work
               made
               of
               Wood
            
             ;
             which
             only
             kept
             off
             the
             Croud
             ,
             but
             hindered
             not
             the
             Sight
             ,
             nor
             Voice
             from
             being
             distinctly
             heard
             .
          
           
             This
             Separation
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Minerva
             at
             Athens
             ,
             was
             made
             of
             Jasper
             and
             Serpentine
             ,
             and
             other
             curious
             Coloured
             
               Marble
               
               Pillars
            
             ,
             Small
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             convenient
             distance
             from
             each
             other
             :
             And
             at
             Prussia
             also
             ,
             it
             is
             divided
             with
             Small
             Pillars
             .
          
           
             They
             called
             this
             Separation
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             which
             the
             Western-Church
             called
             Cancelli
             ;
             whence
             we
             take
             our
             word
             Chancel
             .
          
           
             This
             has
             usually
             now
             Three
             Doors
             ,
             to
             go
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             divided
             into
             Three
             Parts
             .
             The
             Three
             Doors
             are
             commonly
             called
             together
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Holy
               Doors
            
             :
             And
             I
             believe
             in
             Latter
             days
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Beautiful
               Gates
            
             .
             For
             that
             of
             the
             Euchologium
             seems
             plainly
             to
             me
             ,
             
             to
             be
             coming
             out
             of
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Beautiful
               Gates
            
             ,
             and
             returning
             again
             by
             them
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             because
             he
             is
             there
             to
             Perfume
             
             the
             Brethren
             with
             Incense
             ;
             whose
             Station
             is
             from
             the
             Choir-Doors
             ,
             or
             Step
             downwards
             towards
             the
             Great
             Doors
             .
             And
             so
             I
             take
             the
             Modern
             signification
             of
             Narthex
             ,
             to
             be
             in
             general
             the
             Nave
             or
             
               Body
               of
               the
               Church
            
             ;
             there
             being
             no
             Separation
             now
             between
             that
             and
             the
             Three
             Doors
             that
             go
             out
             into
             the
             Porch
             .
          
           
             This
             Separation
             now
             is
             made
             of
             Boards
             and
             Wenscot
             ,
             instead
             of
             the
             Net-work
             of
             the
             Ancients
             ;
             and
             is
             Painted
             with
             the
             Pictures
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             and
             
               Blessed
               Virgin
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Apostles
             ;
             absolutely
             against
             the
             Practice
             and
             Precepts
             of
             the
             Primitive
             Church
             :
             As
             that
             famous
             Act
             of
             Epiphanius
             ,
             of
             Renting
             a
             Painted
             Cloth-hanging
             ,
             only
             as
             a
             Curtain
             over
             the
             Door
             ,
             makes
             manifest
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             the
             Middle
             Door
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             is
             so
             large
             now
             ,
             that
             it
             discovers
             whatsoever
             is
             done
             within
             ,
             thô
             not
             so
             well
             as
             when
             it
             had
             only
             
             Open-work
             of
             Wood.
             It
             is
             much
             larger
             than
             the
             other
             Two
             ;
             and
             I
             believe
             it
             is
             that
             which
             is
             called
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             in
             the
             Typicon
             ,
             
             
               The
               Royal
            
             or
             
               Kingly
               Door
            
             .
             This
             leads
             into
             the
             
               Holy
               of
               Holies
            
             ,
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Thusiasterion
             ,
             peculiarly
             so
             called
             ;
             for
             the
             other
             Doors
             lead
             into
             two
             other
             small
             Apartments
             on
             each
             Hand
             ,
             for
             the
             Preparing
             the
             Sacrament
             ,
             and
             Laying
             up
             the
             Ve●●●ls
             and
             Garments
             .
          
           
             This
             is
             now
             ;
             and
             I
             believe
             also
             many
             times
             Anciently
             ,
             was
             placed
             at
             the
             farthest
             Eastern-side
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             under
             a
             Concave
             or
             half
             -
             Cupolo
             ,
             like
             a
             great
             Nich
             ;
             being
             a
             half-Sylender
             ,
             Semicircular
             at
             the
             Bottom
             ,
             and
             covered
             with
             a
             quarter
             of
             the
             Sphere
             at
             the
             Top
             ,
             and
             there
             joyned
             to
             the
             Great
             Cupolo
             by
             an
             Arch
             ;
             just
             below
             the
             Hemisphere
             of
             the
             Cupolo
             ;
             taking
             up
             the
             whole
             Breadth
             of
             the
             Nave
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             being
             usually
             
             of
             the
             same
             Diameter
             with
             the
             Cupolo
             .
          
           
             But
             that
             this
             was
             otherwise
             in
             some
             Churches
             Anciently
             ,
             is
             manifest
             from
             those
             we
             have
             described
             out
             of
             Eusebius
             ;
             especially
             that
             of
             Jerusalem
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             both
             Eastern
             and
             Western
             Doors
             into
             the
             Church
             :
             Therefore
             most
             probably
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             was
             there
             placed
             ,
             under
             the
             Great
             Cupolo
             ,
             as
             he
             saith
             expresly
             in
             the
             middle
             ;
             which
             when
             they
             Preached
             from
             thence
             ,
             was
             manifestly
             the
             most
             commodious
             for
             the
             Hearers
             *
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             seen
             this
             in
             some
             Churches
             raised
             up
             from
             the
             Plane
             of
             the
             Church
             by
             one
             single
             Step
             ,
             and
             in
             others
             Equal
             to
             it
             ;
             whence
             some
             have
             thought
             it
             to
             be
             called
             Bema
             ,
             or
             Step.
             
          
           
             But
             This
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             it
             was
             without
             the
             Separation
             ,
             was
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Solium
             ,
             or
             Throne
             ;
             because
             the
             Emperour
             had
             there
             his
             
             Seat
             or
             Throne
             ;
             as
             the
             Worthy
             Dr.
             Beveridge
             most
             probably
             Conjectures
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             thing
             that
             presents
             it self
             within
             this
             Sacred
             place
             ,
             is
             the
             
               Holy
               Table
               of
               the
               Lords
               Supper
            
             ;
             which
             they
             call
             generally
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Holy
               Table
            
             ;
             and
             sometimes
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Altar
            
             :
             From
             whence
             the
             whole
             place
             was
             also
             Anciently
             so
             called
             ,
             and
             that
             most
             frequently
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             generally
             of
             Stone
             ,
             sustained
             
             sometimes
             by
             four
             Small
             Pillars
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             by
             one
             in
             the
             Middle
             .
             And
             it
             is
             placed
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Holy
             Place
             ,
             as
             distant
             ,
             or
             rather
             more
             distant
             from
             the
             Eastern-Wall
             ,
             than
             the
             Door
             .
             That
             at
             Athens
             seems
             to
             be
             placed
             something
             without
             this
             Concave
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Scheme
             I
             then
             took
             of
             it
             :
             So
             that
             there
             are
             two
             Rows
             of
             Pillars
             ;
             one
             on
             
             the
             Western
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             on
             the
             Southern
             side
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             This
             had
             (
             I
             know
             not
             whether
             very
             Anciently
             or
             no
             )
             a
             Canopy
             over
             it
             ,
             sustained
             by
             four
             Pillars
             .
             At
             Athens
             ,
             it
             was
             sustained
             by
             four
             Beautiful
             Pillars
             of
             Porphyry
             ,
             with
             Corinthian
             Capitals
             of
             White
             Marble
             ,
             which
             were
             very
             stately
             .
          
           
             This
             Canopy
             was
             in
             the
             shape
             of
             a
             Cupolo
             or
             Hemisphere
             ;
             and
             therefore
             the
             Mystiologists
             compared
             it
             to
             the
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             the
             Table
             to
             the
             Earth
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             it
             ,
             figuring
             our
             Saviour's
             Descent
             and
             Ascent
             from
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             The
             Vnity
             of
             the
             Altar
             was
             Sacred
             in
             the
             Primitive
             Church
             ,
             and
             is
             so
             to
             this
             day
             in
             the
             present
             Greek
             Church
             .
             They
             never
             had
             any
             more
             than
             one
             Altar
             in
             one
             Church
             ,
             
             no
             more
             than
             more
             Bishops
             than
             one
             ;
             as
             S.
             Ignatius
             says
             :
             
             
               As
               there
               is
               one
               Body
               of
               the
               Lord
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               One
               Cup
               for
               the
               Vnion
               of
               his
               Blood
               ;
               so
               there
               is
               One
               Altar
               and
               One
               Bishop
               .
            
             They
             never
             Crammed
             their
             Churches
             with
             Altars
             against
             every
             Pillar
             and
             Post
             and
             in
             every
             Corner
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             dedicated
             to
             every
             Saint
             and
             Angel
             in
             Heaven
             and
             Earth
             ;
             as
             the
             Romans
             do
             now
             .
          
           
             Beyond
             this
             was
             the
             
               Holy
               Throne
            
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Consistory
             ;
             as
             I
             think
             I
             may
             call
             it
             .
             This
             was
             placed
             against
             the
             Wall
             of
             the
             Semicircular
             Concave
             ,
             consisting
             of
             several
             Steps
             or
             Degrees
             Semicircular
             also
             .
             I
             remember
             they
             are
             in
             number
             Three
             ,
             and
             of
             White
             Marble
             in
             that
             of
             Athens
             and
             Prussia
             ;
             which
             are
             so
             High
             and
             Large
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             fit
             both
             to
             sit
             on
             ;
             and
             for
             those
             that
             sit
             a
             Degree
             higher
             ,
             to
             place
             their
             Feet
             on
             .
          
           
           
             These
             Degrees
             were
             the
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             
             on
             the
             Top
             of
             which
             was
             placed
             a
             single
             Seat
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               The
               Throne
            
             †
             .
          
           
             This
             might
             well
             be
             called
             also
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             from
             the
             Degrees
             or
             Steps
             ;
             but
             most
             properly
             as
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             signifies
             a
             Tribunal
             or
             
               Judgment
               Seat
            
             ‖
             .
             It
             signifies
             also
             Surgestum
             ,
             or
             a
             Pulpit
             ,
             whence
             Orators
             use
             to
             plead
             ,
             as
             Monsieur
             Goar
             observes
             out
             of
             Demosthenes
             ,
             who
             speaks
             of
             himself
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             as
             going
             up
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Pulpit
             ,
             to
             speak
             an
             Oration
             .
          
           
             Upon
             such
             a
             high
             Tribunal
             or
             Scaffold
             we
             often
             see
             the
             Emperor
             standing
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             sitting
             in
             Medals
             and
             Ancient
             Bass-Relieves
             ;
             both
             in
             Adlocutions
             to
             the
             Army
             .
             and
             in
             distributing
             their
             Bounty
             
             to
             the
             People
             :
             But
             these
             are
             of
             a
             different
             Figure
             from
             those
             in
             the
             Church
             ;
             for
             those
             were
             Square
             ,
             and
             these
             Semicircular
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             lookt
             upon
             in
             the
             
               Christian
               Church
            
             as
             the
             Tribunal
             or
             Throne
             of
             Christ
             and
             his
             Apostles
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Mercy
             Seat
             of
             God
             in
             the
             Temple
             ;
             and
             therefore
             was
             also
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
             
               The
               Mercy
               Seat.
            
             
          
           
             Codinus
             informs
             us
             ,
             
             That
             the
             Emperour
             Justinian
             covered
             this
             with
             Gold
             ,
             
               Thô
               not
            
             ,
             as
             he
             saith
             ,
             
               for
               the
               Priests
               to
               stand
               upon
               to
               Reverence
               the
               Table
               :
            
             But
             piously
             to
             Adorn
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Throne
             as
             the
             Chair
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             his
             Apostles
             ;
             In
             opposition
             to
             the
             Chair
             of
             Moses
             ,
             and
             conformable
             to
             that
             Glorious
             Throne
             ,
             or
             Mercy-Seat
             .
             erected
             in
             the
             Temple
             ,
             Adorned
             with
             Cherubims
             on
             each
             hand
             ;
             as
             Seraphick
             Attendants
             thereon
             ▪
             And
             
             not
             to
             be
             Worshipped
             ,
             as
             the
             late
             rather
             Subtil
             ,
             than
             Ignorant
             Bishop
             of
             Oxon
             would
             Insinuate
             to
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             On
             this
             Throne
             ,
             and
             so
             on
             the
             
               High
               Seat
            
             ,
             was
             placed
             the
             
               Written
               Word
               of
               God
            
             ,
             or
             Bible
             ;
             as
             Mr.
             Goar
             ,
             by
             the
             Connexion
             of
             his
             Discourse
             ,
             seems
             to
             intimate
             out
             of
             
               Symeon
               Thessalonicensis
            
             .
             
             And
             so
             indeed
             it
             was
             placed
             in
             the
             Holy
             Council
             of
             Nice
             ,
             on
             a
             Throne
             ;
             intimating
             ,
             That
             
               that
               was
               the
               Law
               of
               God
               ,
               whence
               all
               true
               Judgment
               ,
               concerning
               either
               Faith
               or
               Manners
               ,
               must
               be
               taken
               :
               And
               according
               to
               that
               ,
               we
               must
               both
               be
               judged
               by
               Christ
               ,
               and
               as
               his
               Ministers
               ,
               Judge
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               God
               for
               Edification
               ,
               and
               not
               Destruction
               .
            
          
           
             On
             this
             Throne
             and
             Synthronon
             ,
             both
             the
             Bishop
             and
             his
             Presbyters
             use
             to
             sit
             together
             ;
             and
             that
             very
             Anciently
             as
             S.
             Ignatius
             intimates
             in
             almost
             all
             his
             Epistles
             :
             Where
             he
             compares
             the
             Bishop
             in
             the
             Church
             to
             Christ
             ,
             and
             the
             Presbyters
             
             to
             the
             Apostles
             .
             And
             Eusebius
             tells
             us
             ,
             That
             the
             Chair
             of
             S.
             James
             of
             Jerusalem
             (
             wherein
             he
             Taught
             the
             People
             )
             was
             kept
             till
             his
             time
             .
          
           
             But
             whether
             the
             Bishop
             did
             always
             sit
             in
             the
             Highest
             Seat
             ,
             or
             Throne
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Synthronon
             may
             be
             questioned
             ,
             from
             that
             of
             Balsamon
             ;
             
             in
             his
             Commentary
             upon
             the
             2d
             Canon
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             Constantinople
             :
             Wherein
             he
             saith
             ,
             
               It
               was
               granted
               to
               some
               Bishops
               ,
               even
               to
               sit
               upon
               the
               Throne
               ,
               in
               the
               Holy
            
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               of
               the
               Church
               committed
               to
               his
               Charge
               .
            
             But
             that
             They
             did
             sit
             on
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             together
             ,
             is
             evident
             from
             the
             LVI
             .
             Canon
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             Laodicea
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             was
             not
             in
             Ancient
             times
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             Vain
             glorious
             and
             Pompous
             show
             in
             the
             Church
             ;
             
             but
             besides
             the
             Representation
             of
             Christ's
             Judgment
             .
             Seat
             ,
             to
             put
             the
             People
             in
             mind
             of
             the
             Great
             Judgment
             to
             come
             ,
             it
             was
             the
             Chair
             of
             Christ
             and
             Seat
             of
             the
             Elders
             ;
             from
             whence
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Priests
             use
             to
             Preach
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             in
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Authority
             that
             Christ
             committed
             to
             them
             .
          
           
             So
             Zonaras
             
               tells
               us
            
             ,
             
             That
             the
             Bishop
             was
             placed
             in
             a
             Seat
             on
             high
             ,
             in
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Holy
             Place
             ;
             signi●ying
             ,
             That
             he
             ought
             (
             
               according
               as
               the
               Canon
               prescribes
            
             )
             to
             take
             care
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             and
             teach
             the
             People
             Piety
             ;
             to
             inspect
             ,
             and
             diligently
             to
             observe
             the
             People
             under
             him
             from
             that
             Sublime
             place
             .
             —
          
           
             —
             And
             that
             there
             also
             the
             Presbyters
             are
             commanded
             to
             assist
             ,
             and
             sit
             together
             with
             the
             Bishop
             ;
             
             that
             they
             also
             may
             be
             admonished
             from
             that
             High
             Seat
             ,
             to
             Teach
             and
             Instruct
             the
             People
             in
             holy
             Life
             and
             Conversation
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             given
             to
             be
             Fellow
             Labourers
             to
             the
             Bishop
             .
          
           
             Socrates
             also
             and
             Zozomen
             inform
             us
             ▪
             
             That
             this
             was
             the
             Ancient
             Custom
             ;
             shewing
             ,
             That
             S.
             
               John
               Chrysostom
            
             was
             the
             first
             that
             Preached
             in
             the
             Ambo
             ,
             or
             
               Reading
               Desk
            
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             by
             Reason
             of
             the
             Multitude
             of
             People
             ,
             that
             Crouded
             up
             to
             Hear
             him
             .
             On
             which
             Valesius
             brings
             us
             an
             old
             Constitution
             or
             Law
             of
             King
             Childebert
             ,
             importing
             the
             same
             thing
             ;
             
             and
             then
             sends
             us
             to
             Baronius
             ;
             who
             shews
             us
             .
             That
             
               Gregory
               Nazianzen
            
             Preached
             within
             the
             Bema
             in
             the
             same
             Church
             that
             Chrysostom
             Preached
             in
             the
             
             Ambo
             ,
             or
             Pulpit
             .
             The
             place
             he
             mentions
             is
             at
             the
             Latter
             end
             of
             his
             Epistle
             to
             the
             150
             Bishops
             ;
             where
             he
             bids
             all
             his
             Church
             ,
             his
             People
             ,
             and
             every
             thing
             in
             it
             .
             Adieu
             .
          
           
             Adieu
             ,
             O
             my
             Chair
             !
             This
             Envied
             Height
             ,
             and
             this
             Dangerous
             Council
             or
             Consistory
             of
             Chief
             Priests
             :
             Priests
             become
             Honourable
             as
             well
             by
             Reverence
             ,
             as
             by
             Age.
             And
             you
             ,
             whoever
             you
             be
             ,
             about
             the
             Holy
             Table
             in
             any
             other
             Ministry
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             coming
             nigh
             to
             God
             ,
             who
             in
             near
             at
             hand
             —
          
           
             And
             a
             little
             after
             :
          
           
             Adieu
             ,
             ye
             Lovers
             of
             my
             Sermons
             ,
             and
             you
             who
             run
             and
             concur
             with
             me
             ;
             and
             you
             both
             Publick
             and
             Private
             Writers
             ;
             and
             thou
             Oppressed
             Chancel
             ,
             by
             those
             that
             Croud
             about
             the
             Word
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             Those
             Verses
             of
             Prudentius
             prove
             also
             the
             same
             thing
             :
             
             
               
                 Fonte
                 sub
                 adversa
                 Gradibus
                 sublime
                 Tribunal
              
               
                 Tollitur
                 ,
                 Antistes
                 praedicat
                 unde
                 Deum
                 .
              
            
          
           
           
             This
             manner
             of
             Sitting
             together
             ,
             and
             both
             Preaching
             to
             the
             People
             ;
             and
             I
             believe
             Judging
             ,
             and
             pronouncing
             the
             Church-Censures
             from
             thence
             ;
             was
             also
             the
             Reason
             that
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             or
             consistory
             of
             the
             Bishop
             and
             his
             Presbyters
             ,
             was
             called
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             †
             ,
             mentioned
             in
             the
             Scripure
             ,
             and
             often
             in
             S.
             Ignatius's
             Epistles
             ,
             and
             here
             by
             S.
             Gregory
             ;
             as
             if
             they
             were
             Successors
             of
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Council
             of
             the
             Chief
             Priests
             and
             Elders
             among
             the
             Children
             of
             Israel
             .
          
           
             On
             each
             hand
             of
             this
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Tribunal
             ,
             or
             
               Chancel
               ;
               viz.
            
             to
             
             the
             North
             and
             South
             ;
             are
             two
             other
             small
             Apartments
             ,
             about
             half
             the
             Bigness
             of
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             covered
             usually
             at
             the
             Top
             with
             a
             small
             Cupolo
             ;
             as
             there
             is
             in
             like
             manner
             over
             the
             four
             Corners
             of
             the
             Temple
             ;
             which
             makes
             the
             
             whole
             Symetry
             of
             the
             Roof
             of
             it
             most
             Beautiful
             and
             Uniform
             .
             Each
             of
             these
             have
             Two
             Doors
             ;
             one
             to
             Enter
             in
             from
             the
             Iles
             ,
             and
             another
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             That
             towards
             the
             North
             was
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             as
             the
             Reverend
             Dr.
             Beveridge
             shews
             at
             large
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             now
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             by
             the
             present
             Greeks
             ▪
             and
             in
             the
             present
             Rubricks
             both
             of
             S.
             Chrysostoms
             and
             S.
             Basils
             Liturgies
             .
             There
             is
             usually
             a
             little
             Table
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             a
             Nich
             in
             the
             Wall
             ;
             where
             they
             lay
             up
             the
             Bread
             that
             is
             offered
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             or
             brought
             in
             for
             the
             Sacrament
             .
             There
             also
             they
             prepare
             the
             Sacrament
             with
             some
             Ceremonies
             ,
             before
             they
             carry
             it
             solemnly
             in
             to
             the
             Altar
             ;
             and
             thither
             they
             carry
             it
             again
             ,
             to
             Eat
             and
             Drink
             up
             the
             Remains
             ,
             when
             the
             Liturgy
             is
             finish'd
             .
             Which
             Table
             they
             call
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Bread
             ,
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             and
             thence
             it
             is
             they
             carry
             it
             solemnly
             into
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             coming
             first
             out
             by
             the
             the
             Door
             towards
             the
             Ilo
             ;
             and
             thence
             enter
             in
             by
             the
             Great
             Door
             in
             the
             Middle
             .
             The
             other
             on
             the
             South
             side
             they
             at
             present
             call
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             which
             is
             commonly
             furnished
             with
             Shelves
             one
             above
             another
             ;
             whereon
             they
             lay
             their
             Books
             ,
             their
             Vestments
             ,
             and
             holy
             Vessels
             ,
             in
             such
             places
             as
             they
             dare
             keep
             them
             in
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             observed
             these
             Places
             in
             very
             Ancient
             Churches
             ;
             as
             at
             St.
             Luca
             and
             Corfu
             .
             And
             those
             vast
             Ruins
             of
             Troy
             seem
             much
             to
             have
             been
             a
             Christian
             Church
             ,
             from
             this
             conformity
             of
             two
             Lesser
             Concaves
             on
             either
             hand
             of
             the
             Great
             one
             in
             the
             Middle
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Material
             Church
             of
             the
             Ancients
             was
             thus
             Prepared
             and
             Adorned
             ,
             for
             the
             Solemn
             and
             Publick
             Worship
             of
             Almighty
             God.
             And
             thus
             Contrived
             for
             the
             Accommodation
             of
             every
             Class
             of
             the
             Spiritual
             Building
             ,
             to
             the
             Edification
             of
             the
             whole
             in
             Faith
             and
             Love
             ;
             according
             to
             the
             Measure
             of
             Grace
             that
             every
             one
             had
             received
             from
             the
             Lord.
             Here
             you
             see
             Magnificence
             without
             Gaudiness
             ;
             Splendor
             and
             Gravity
             mixt
             together
             ;
             Comliness
             and
             Beauty
             ,
             with
             Order
             and
             Reverence
             :
             And
             all
             far
             from
             Foppery
             and
             Superstition
             .
             The
             
               Edification
               of
               the
               whole
               in
               Love
               ,
            
             was
             the
             chief
             Concern
             of
             those
             truly
             Great
             and
             Zealous
             Pastors
             .
             Thô
             they
             neglected
             not
             the
             External
             Reverence
             ,
             Decency
             and
             Order
             in
             their
             Assemblies
             ;
             yet
             it
             was
             with
             Regard
             to
             the
             Purifying
             the
             Flock
             of
             Christ
             ;
             even
             as
             he
             had
             given
             them
             Precepts
             and
             Examples
             
             to
             be
             Pure
             ;
             knowing
             this
             ,
             that
             
               without
               Holiness
            
             (
             in
             Christ
             )
             
               no
               man
               should
               see
               the
               Lord.
            
             And
             this
             They
             zealously
             pursued
             ,
             without
             looking
             for
             the
             Recompence
             of
             Reward
             that
             Man
             should
             give
             them
             ;
             but
             that
             Crown
             of
             
               Immortal
               Glory
            
             ,
             that
             the
             Righteous
             Judge
             should
             give
             them
             in
             that
             Day
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           IX
           .
           The
           Order
           the
           Christian
           Assemblies
           were
           held
           in
           .
        
         
           AS
           Their
           CHURCHES
           were
           Grave
           ,
           and
           yet
           Magnificent
           :
           so
           was
           the
           ORDER
           of
           their
           Assemblies
           managed
           with
           great
           Simplicity
           ,
           and
           yet
           with
           great
           Authority
           and
           Spiritual
           Vigor
           ;
           with
           great
           Order
           ,
           yet
           with
           useful
           Plainness
           .
           Their
           Ritual
           seems
           to
           be
           but
           short
           ;
           yet
           much
           better
           than
           the
           Great
           Volumes
           of
           Ceremonies
           ,
           the
           World
           has
           since
           seen
           in
           both
           the
           Eastern
           and
           Western
           Churches
           .
           The
           Order
           of
           their
           Assemblies
           seem
           to
           be
           comprized
           in
           that
           short
           ,
           but
           excellent
           Canon
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Laodicea
           ,
           Can.
           19.
           
        
         
         
           That
           Men
           ought
           first
           to
           perform
           
           their
           own
           Devotions
           privately
           ,
           alone
           ,
           or
           by
           himself
           ;
           After
           that
           the
           Homilies
           of
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           the
           Prayers
           of
           the
           Catechists
           is
           to
           be
           performed
           :
           And
           after
           the
           going
           out
           of
           the
           Catechists
           ,
           the
           Prayer
           of
           the
           Penitents
           is
           to
           be
           performed
           ;
           and
           after
           these
           are
           Ministred
           to
           ,
           and
           departed
           ,
           thus
           shall
           the
           Three
           Prayers
           of
           the
           Faithful
           be
           made
           :
           One
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           The
           first
           in
           Silence
           ;
           but
           the
           second
           and
           third
           shall
           be
           performed
           with
           a
           Loud
           Voice
           .
           After
           which
           ,
           thus
           shall
           the
           Peace
           be
           given
           :
           After
           the
           Presbyters
           have
           given
           the
           Peace
           to
           the
           Bishop
           ,
           the
           Laicks
           shall
           give
           the
           Peace
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           Holy
           Offering
           or
           Sacrament
           to
           be
           celebrated
           .
           And
           it
           is
           fit
           that
           only
           the
           Clergy
           should
           enter
           in
           unto
           the
           Altar
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           Communicate
           .
        
         
         
           
             Justin
             Martyr
          
           describes
           the
           Christian
           Assemblies
           to
           be
           held
           in
           much
           the
           same
           manner
           ;
           only
           he
           mentions
           the
           Reading
           the
           Scriptures
           before
           the
           Sermon
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           Day
           which
           is
           called
           Sunday
           ,
           
           there
           is
           a
           Meeting
           together
           in
           one
           place
           ,
           of
           all
           that
           remain
           in
           the
           Cities
           and
           Countries
           :
           And
           there
           they
           Read
           both
           out
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           the
           Writings
           of
           the
           Prophets
           ,
           so
           much
           as
           is
           sufficient
           for
           the
           time
           .
           Then
           when
           the
           Reader
           leaves
           off
           ,
           the
           Bishop
           or
           President
           Preaches
           a
           Sermon
           ,
           Exhorting
           them
           to
           the
           Imitation
           of
           those
           Good
           things
           .
           After
           which
           ,
           we
           usually
           all
           stand
           up
           and
           pour
           forth
           Prayers
           :
           And
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           when
           we
           desist
           from
           Praying
           ,
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           ,
           and
           Water
           is
           offered
           ,
           and
           the
           Bishop
           according
           to
           his
           ability
           offers
           Prayers
           and
           Thanksgiving
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           with
           a
           chearful
           Voice
           say
           ,
           Amen
           .
           Then
           follows
           the
           Giving
           and
           Receiving
           of
           the
           Eucharist
           to
           Every
           one
           ;
           And
           to
           those
           that
           are
           
           not
           present
           ,
           it
           is
           sent
           by
           the
           Deacons
           .
           Those
           that
           are
           Rich
           ,
           and
           willing
           ,
           every
           one
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           own
           Pleasure
           ,
           gives
           what
           he
           pleaseth
           .
           What
           is
           Collected
           ,
           is
           deposited
           with
           the
           Bishop
           or
           President
           ,
           and
           he
           disspenceth
           it
           to
           the
           Orphans
           and
           Widows
           ,
           Sick
           ,
           or
           those
           who
           upon
           any
           Account
           are
           in
           want
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           This
           Order
           seems
           very
           natural
           ,
           proper
           ,
           and
           most
           useful
           ;
           especially
           for
           those
           Times
           ,
           when
           the
           World
           was
           to
           be
           taught
           ,
           and
           not
           forced
           (
           as
           by
           the
           Romans
           )
           to
           profess
           what
           they
           either
           cannot
           understand
           ;
           or
           the
           more
           they
           do
           ,
           they
           see
           it
           to
           be
           Error
           ,
           Nonsense
           ,
           and
           Contradiction
           .
        
         
           And
           concerning
           the
           Truth
           it self
           ,
           Children
           may
           ;
           but
           Men
           will
           not
           be
           forced
           to
           learn.
           Therefore
           truly
           ,
           since
           so
           great
           a
           Part
           of
           Mankind
           are
           ,
           and
           ever
           will
           be
           ,
           either
           Ignorant
           ,
           Prejudiced
           ,
           or
           Invincibly
           Obstinate
           ,
           and
           so
           very
           much
           incapable
           of
           Instruction
           ;
           
           or
           at
           least
           ,
           being
           so
           perfectly
           Instructed
           in
           the
           highest
           Mysteries
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           be
           hardly
           Reconciled
           to
           what
           even
           their
           true
           Spiritual
           Guides
           and
           Superiours
           judge
           most
           Agreeable
           to
           the
           Glory
           of
           GOD
           in
           His
           Worship
           ,
           and
           fittest
           for
           their
           Edification
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           it
           would
           certainly
           be
           very
           happy
           for
           the
           Christian
           World
           ,
           That
           some
           such
           Rational
           Method
           were
           Ordered
           ,
           as
           may
           with
           more
           Ease
           Lead
           them
           into
           Christ's
           Flock
           ,
           rather
           than
           Drive
           them
           .
           For
           Mankind
           was
           ever
           naturally
           averse
           to
           Force
           and
           Violence
           .
           It
           is
           only
           Force
           of
           Argument
           ,
           that
           can
           convince
           the
           Rational
           Soul.
           
        
         
           And
           what
           better
           ORDER
           can
           be
           Invented
           ,
           than
           this
           Ancient
           Tryed
           Method
           ;
           By
           which
           the
           World
           was
           overcome
           ,
           and
           became
           Christian
           ?
           For
           thô
           we
           have
           not
           the
           same
           sorts
           of
           Men
           in
           all
           points
           now-adays
           ,
           now
           the
           
           World
           is
           Professedly
           Christian
           ;
           yet
           in
           some
           sort
           all
           are
           so
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           Reconciled
           ,
           or
           do
           not
           consent
           to
           the
           Universal
           Doctrine
           and
           Practice
           of
           Christ
           in
           Vnity
           and
           Charity
           ;
           who
           have
           not
           attained
           to
           the
           Perfect
           Building
           up
           in
           the
           most
           Holy
           Faith.
           Yet
           so
           far
           as
           they
           have
           obtained
           ,
           I
           am
           perswaded
           that
           this
           Method
           would
           be
           the
           best
           to
           Incite
           them
           to
           such
           a
           Vnity
           ,
           as
           so
           far
           to
           Walk
           all
           by
           the
           Same
           ,
           if
           such
           a
           Rule
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           X.
           The
           Application
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           THis
           ORDER
           might
           with
           as
           much
           Ease
           be
           Accommodated
           to
           Our
           Church
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           to
           the
           Primitive
           ;
           since
           it
           is
           so
           happily
           Restored
           to
           the
           Purity
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Doctrine
           and
           Government
           ;
           and
           not
           a
           little
           Advanced
           towards
           the
           Ancient
           Discipline
           .
        
         
           For
           ,
           Blessed
           be
           God
           ,
           we
           have
           an
           Orthodox
           and
           Learned
           Clergy
           ;
           consisting
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           Presbyters
           and
           Deacons
           :
           And
           to
           these
           adhere
           as
           Pious
           ,
           Noble
           ,
           and
           Well-informed
           ;
           not
           to
           say
           as
           Learned
           a
           Laity
           ,
           as
           any
           Age
           of
           the
           World
           can
           boast
           of
           ,
           and
           few
           Equal
           .
        
         
           Who
           both
           Delight
           and
           Rejoyce
           in
           the
           Regular
           Reformation
           of
           
           Our
           Catholick
           ,
           I
           mean
           
             Orthodox
             Church
          
           ;
           who
           in
           a
           Pure
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           Upright
           Sincerity
           ,
           embrace
           Her
           Reverend
           Form
           of
           Worship
           ,
           Appointed
           and
           Ordained
           by
           the
           Church
           and
           State
           ,
           after
           mature
           Deliberation
           in
           divers
           Synods
           and
           Parliaments
           .
           That
           admire
           the
           Prudence
           ,
           Moderation
           and
           Temper
           of
           Our
           Reformers
           ,
           and
           so
           fervently
           Love
           to
           perform
           their
           Devotions
           in
           Sincerity
           and
           Truth
           ,
           accompanied
           with
           that
           Beauty
           of
           Holiness
           that
           She
           directs
           ;
           for
           the
           setting
           forth
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           setting
           forward
           the
           Salvation
           of
           All
           Men.
           These
           ought
           to
           be
           look'd
           on
           as
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           or
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           the
           Faithful
           ,
           and
           Perfect
           of
           the
           Ancients
           ;
           of
           whom
           the
           Scripture
           speaks
           ,
           and
           the
           Ancients
           are
           not
           silent
           .
        
         
           But
           there
           are
           some
           ,
           who
           thô
           they
           are
           well
           Instructed
           ,
           and
           Believe
           well
           ,
           and
           Externally
           conform
           to
           the
           Rules
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           
           yet
           are
           highly
           wanting
           in
           the
           Practice
           of
           Holiness
           of
           Life
           and
           Conversation
           .
           These
           ought
           (
           in
           great
           Compassion
           to
           their
           Souls
           )
           to
           be
           made
           sensible
           of
           their
           Danger
           ;
           and
           for
           their
           Recovery
           ought
           to
           be
           Considered
           and
           Intreated
           as
           Penitents
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           yet
           Others
           ,
           who
           acknowledg
           the
           same
           Orthodox
           Faith
           that
           We
           do
           ,
           and
           are
           (
           as
           far
           as
           we
           know
           )
           Pious
           and
           Devout
           ;
           yet
           Divide
           from
           Us
           upon
           the
           Account
           of
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           Form
           of
           Worship
           :
           Who
           having
           been
           Misinformed
           concerning
           Us
           ,
           have
           thereupon
           forsaken
           Our
           Communion
           in
           Prayers
           and
           Sacraments
           :
           Yet
           I
           know
           they
           would
           be
           contented
           to
           hear
           Sermons
           ,
           and
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           ,
           Read
           with
           Us.
           Therefore
           why
           should
           we
           not
           have
           Our
           Sermons
           at
           such
           a
           Convenient
           time
           of
           the
           Service
           ,
           as
           may
           Invite
           Them
           to
           come
           and
           be
           Our
           Auditors
           ,
           for
           their
           further
           Instruction
           ,
           concerning
           
           both
           Themselves
           and
           Us
           ?
           Which
           might
           in
           time
           Reconcile
           them
           Entirely
           to
           Us
           ;
           being
           the
           Thing
           We
           so
           much
           wish
           and
           desire
           .
           This
           requires
           but
           the
           Alteration
           of
           One
           Indifferent
           Rule
           ,
           and
           no
           Substantial
           part
           of
           the
           Liturgy
           .
        
         
           And
           what
           more
           Convenient
           Time
           than
           the
           Beginning
           ,
           either
           before
           Morning
           or
           Communion-Service
           ,
           when
           Mens
           Senses
           are
           fresh
           ,
           and
           open
           for
           Instruction
           ?
        
         
           After
           These
           are
           several
           Others
           ,
           as
           
             Quakers
             ,
             &c.
          
           who
           want
           Instruction
           ;
           and
           thô
           Aged
           ,
           yet
           are
           Children
           in
           the
           Knowledge
           and
           Grace
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           .
           These
           are
           truly
           Catechumeni
           ,
           and
           are
           by
           all
           means
           ,
           to
           be
           Invited
           to
           hear
           Reason
           and
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           their
           Dissenting
           Articles
           of
           Faith
           and
           Good
           Manners
           :
           For
           whom
           Sermons
           and
           Catechetical
           Discourses
           (
           such
           as
           are
           usually
           discoursed
           to
           Children
           ,
           and
           are
           most
           plain
           and
           easie
           )
           are
           most
           
           Proper
           .
           For
           to
           such
           all
           Sorts
           of
           Mankind
           might
           properly
           come
           ,
           who
           may
           not
           be
           Admitted
           to
           Holy
           Mysteries
           ,
           nor
           Devotions
           ,
           without
           Impiety
           and
           Profanation
           of
           them
           .
           Yet
           such
           ought
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           would
           be
           willing
           to
           hear
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           a
           Sermon
           or
           Catechizing
           ;
           which
           might
           prove
           for
           their
           Edification
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           their
           Effectual
           Conversion
           .
           So
           that
           if
           I
           were
           worthy
           to
           be
           heard
           ,
           That
           Rubrick
           ,
           and
           that
           Part
           of
           the
           
             Act
             of
             Vniformity
          
           (
           concerning
           Sermons
           )
           should
           be
           the
           first
           that
           I
           would
           beseech
           the
           Church
           to
           alter
           ;
           as
           the
           only
           absolutely
           Necessary
           one
           ,
           I
           know
           ,
           to
           be
           Altered
           in
           our
           present
           Circumstances
           ;
           whereby
           all
           that
           are
           not
           Reconciled
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           be
           in
           Communion
           with
           Us
           ,
           might
           have
           the
           Liberty
           orderly
           to
           leave
           the
           Congregation
           ,
           when
           the
           Sermon
           or
           Catechetical
           Discourse
           is
           ended
           .
           As
           to
           Penitents
           ,
           They
           might
           be
           Assigned
           another
           Time
           ,
           as
           the
           
           Synod
           (
           with
           Respect
           to
           this
           Canon
           ,
           and
           our
           Liturgy
           )
           might
           Advise
        
         
           But
           because
           the
           mixture
           of
           the
           Assembly
           makes
           great
           Disorder
           and
           Confusion
           in
           their
           Leaving
           the
           Congregation
           ;
           therefore
           it
           would
           yet
           be
           more
           commodious
           ,
           if
           Dissenters
           had
           a
           particular
           Place
           assigned
           them
           for
           that
           Reason
           .
        
         
           It
           would
           not
           be
           a
           matter
           of
           any
           great
           Difficulty
           ,
           or
           Charge
           ,
           to
           Accommodate
           Our
           Churches
           according
           to
           the
           Manner
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           :
           Especially
           the
           Cathedrals
           ,
           where
           they
           have
           Space
           enough
           to
           do
           this
           many
           ways
           :
           They
           being
           neither
           Encumbred
           with
           Pues
           ,
           nor
           otherwise
           straitned
           .
           It
           is
           but
           Removing
           their
           Shrines
           or
           rather
           Screens
           in
           most
           of
           them
           .
           And
           the
           Holy
           Table
           stands
           where
           it
           Anciently
           did
           ;
           and
           setting
           a
           Reverend
           Pulpit
           ,
           Adorned
           with
           the
           Commandments
           ,
           in
           the
           place
           of
           the
           Throne
           .
        
         
         
           Thus
           within
           the
           Choirs
           would
           be
           sufficiently
           Capacious
           for
           the
           Faithful
           ,
           and
           within
           the
           Rails
           for
           the
           Clergy
           and
           other
           Ministers
           :
           And
           then
           there
           would
           be
           sufficient
           Place
           for
           Dissenters
           of
           all
           Sorts
           in
           the
           Iles
           ,
           with
           Liberty
           to
           come
           and
           go
           when
           they
           think
           sit
           ;
           or
           rather
           by
           the
           Admonition
           of
           the
           Minister
           .
        
         
           Or
           as
           it
           is
           in
           some
           Churches
           yet
           :
           The
           Sermon
           might
           be
           first
           Preached
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           according
           to
           S.
           Chrysostom's
           Way
           :
           which
           prevailed
           in
           After-Ages
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Clergy
           and
           Faithful
           might
           retire
           thence
           to
           their
           Devotions
           :
           First
           to
           the
           Choirs
           for
           Morning-Service
           ;
           and
           then
           at
           last
           within
           the
           Chancel
           ,
           or
           Rails
           for
           the
           Communion
           .
        
         
           The
           Church
           of
           Canterbury
           (
           till
           within
           this
           two
           or
           three
           years
           )
           had
           the
           Morning
           Prayers
           at
           Seven
           or
           Eight
           of
           the
           Clock
           in
           the
           Morning
           ;
           the
           Sermon
           at
           Ten
           in
           the
           
             Audit
             house
          
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           rest
           
           of
           the
           Communion-Service
           ,
           and
           Communion
           ,
           in
           the
           Choir
           .
        
         
           At
           Worcester
           the
           Morning-Prayer
           is
           yet
           Early
           ;
           also
           the
           Litany
           at
           Ten
           of
           the
           Clock
           ,
           and
           then
           ,
           follows
           the
           Communion
           Service
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Sermon
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           whence
           they
           Return
           to
           the
           Communion
           in
           the
           Choir
           .
        
         
           Parish
           Churches
           might
           also
           (
           without
           any
           great
           Difficulty
           or
           Charge
           )
           be
           in
           like
           manner
           thus
           Accommodated
           .
           The
           Complaint
           is
           now
           with
           some
           Reason
           .
           Thar
           the
           Choirs
           are
           so
           long
           and
           so
           distant
           from
           the
           Bodies
           of
           the
           Churches
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Communion-Service
           is
           Celebrated
           there
           ,
           it
           cannot
           be
           well
           heard
           .
           Thô
           indeed
           for
           this
           there
           is
           a
           Remedy
           provided
           by
           the
           Rubrick
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           that
           the
           Holy
           Table
           shall
           stand
           either
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Chancel
           :
           So
           that
           no
           New
           Rule
           need
           be
           made
           for
           this
           .
           And
           in
           many
           Churches
           the
           Pulpit
           is
           already
           thus
           placed
           ,
           at
           the
           Upper-End
           
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Church
           :
           So
           that
           there
           only
           needs
           a
           Decent
           Place
           ,
           with
           a
           Rail
           to
           be
           before
           it
           ,
           to
           place
           the
           Communion
           Table
           in
           .
        
         
           As
           this
           is
           agreeable
           to
           the
           most
           Ancient
           manner
           ;
           so
           hath
           it
           also
           Modern
           Example
           to
           warrant
           it
           :
           For
           this
           was
           the
           Form
           of
           most
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Churches
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           .
           The
           Great
           
             French
             Church
          
           of
           Charenton
           ,
           had
           the
           Pulpit
           (
           which
           they
           properly
           call
           the
           Chaise
           ,
           or
           Chair
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           Chair
           of
           Christ
           ,
           in
           opposition
           to
           that
           of
           Moses
           )
           placed
           about
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           the
           whole
           Length
           of
           the
           Temple
           from
           the
           East-End
           ,
           with
           a
           Large
           Square
           place
           before
           it
           ;
           fenced
           in
           by
           a
           Low
           Wenscot
           ,
           accommodated
           with
           Seats
           about
           it
           within
           for
           the
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           whole
           Consistory
           .
        
         
           The
           Cathedral
           at
           Geneva
           is
           just
           so
           accommodated
           (
           to
           the
           best
           of
           my
           Remembrance
           ;
           )
           which
           perhaps
           was
           the
           very
           same
           manner
           with
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           till
           they
           had
           the
           
           Magnificence
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           to
           accommodate
           them
           with
           Richer
           Materials
           ,
           and
           greater
           Splendor
           .
        
         
           In
           some
           of
           their
           Churches
           ,
           I
           have
           observed
           their
           Communion-Table
           kept
           within
           this
           ;
           especially
           at
           Blois
           ;
           and
           ,
           as
           I
           am
           since
           Informed
           ,
           in
           several
           Places
           .
           Therefore
           ,
           I
           wonder
           that
           their
           Learned
           
             Monsieur
             Colomiés
          
           ,
           
           should
           make
           this
           a
           matter
           of
           Reproach
           to
           them
           ,
           as
           therein
           to
           dissent
           from
           all
           Antiquity
           .
           I
           must
           needs
           avow
           with
           all
           the
           Respect
           I
           ought
           ,
           that
           that
           whole
           first
           Chapter
           is
           a
           great
           Mistake
           :
           For
           the
           
             French
             Churches
          
           have
           this
           Separation
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           for
           the
           Ministers
           and
           Consistory
           ,
           which
           are
           their
           Clergy
           .
           And
           Women
           and
           Men
           do
           not
           sit
           promiscuously
           together
           ,
           but
           on
           Benches
           by
           themselves
           :
           And
           in
           many
           Churches
           ,
           in
           a
           Part
           of
           the
           Temple
           by
           themselves
           ;
           as
           at
           Blois
           (
           I
           remember
           )
           the
           Women
           sat
           in
           the
           Middle
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           Men
           as
           their
           Guard
           round
           
           about
           them
           ,
           nearer
           to
           the
           Walls
           .
           But
           he
           makes
           the
           best
           Amends
           he
           can
           now
           make
           ,
           by
           confessing
           his
           Error
           ,
           and
           the
           Juvenility
           of
           the
           Treatise
           .
        
         
           I
           believe
           this
           Division
           of
           Sex
           was
           formerly
           in
           our
           Churches
           :
           For
           in
           many
           Country
           Churches
           (
           where
           the
           Grandees
           have
           not
           deformed
           them
           ,
           by
           making
           some
           High
           and
           some
           Low
           ,
           to
           be
           Tenements
           to
           their
           whole
           Families
           )
           is
           yet
           to
           be
           seen
           not
           only
           
             Dextra
             &
             Sinistra
             Pars
             virorum
          
           ;
           but
           also
           the
           Right
           and
           Left-hand
           Seats
           for
           the
           Women
           .
           The
           Seats
           for
           the
           Men
           being
           next
           to
           the
           Chancel
           ,
           and
           the
           Seats
           for
           the
           Women
           ,
           next
           from
           the
           Middle-Doors
           to
           the
           Belfery
           ;
           with
           an
           Alley
           up
           to
           the
           Middle
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           another
           Cross
           that
           to
           the
           North
           and
           South-Doors
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           also
           a
           Rubrick
           ,
           Requiring
           the
           Men
           decently
           to
           Place
           themselves
           at
           the
           Right-hand
           ,
           and
           the
           Women
           at
           the
           Left
           ,
           at
           the
           
           Celebration
           of
           the
           Lord's
           Supper
           ,
           in
           the
           first
           Common-Prayer
           Book
           of
           King
           Edward
           the
           Sixth
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           General
           Mixture
           of
           all
           Ages
           and
           Sexes
           ,
           as
           in
           most
           of
           the
           London
           and
           Westminster
           Churches
           ,
           is
           very
           Indecent
           ;
           not
           to
           say
           (
           as
           some
           say
           ,
           and
           others
           make
           it
           )
           Scandalous
           .
        
         
           I
           think
           it
           may
           not
           be
           impertinent
           here
           to
           give
           a
           Specimen
           ,
           to
           shew
           how
           Our
           Liturgy
           might
           be
           Accommodated
           to
           the
           Ancient
           Manner
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           already
           to
           the
           Ancient
           Matter
           of
           Divine
           Service
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           Week-Days
           ,
           when
           only
           the
           Assembly
           of
           the
           Faithful
           ,
           or
           Penitents
           of
           our
           Communion
           are
           Expected
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           just
           Reason
           to
           Alter
           any
           thing
           in
           Matter
           or
           Order
           ,
           in
           Morning
           or
           Evening
           Prayer
           :
           Only
           the
           Penitents
           ,
           by
           the
           Admonition
           of
           the
           Deacon
           ,
           might
           Leave
           the
           Congregation
           ,
           if
           any
           there
           ,
           after
           the
           Belief
           .
           
           On
           Sundays
           also
           ,
           when
           they
           say
           the
           Morning
           Prayer
           .
           Early
           ,
           between
           Six
           and
           Nine
           the
           same
           Order
           might
           well
           still
           continue
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           the
           Assembly
           of
           the
           whole
           Congregation
           is
           expected
           ,
           it
           might
           well
           be
           done
           in
           the
           Ancient
           Order
           ,
           with
           these
           few
           Alterations
           :
        
         
           At
           the
           Appointed
           Hour
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Congregation
           is
           coming
           together
           ,
           might
           be
           Sung
           a
           Psalm
           in
           Metre
           ;
           either
           out
           of
           those
           already
           in
           use
           ,
           or
           rather
           another
           better
           Edition
           ,
           set
           forth
           by
           Authority
           ,
           collected
           out
           of
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Several
           Editions
           of
           them
           ;
           done
           by
           several
           Hands
           .
           As
           I
           do
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           there
           was
           Authority
           for
           those
           in
           use
           ,
           when
           first
           set
           forth
           .
           For
           not
           only
           that
           at
           the
           Front
           of
           them
           testifies
           as
           much
           ,
           in
           the
           oldest
           Editions
           ;
           but
           also
           there
           is
           a
           Form
           of
           Prayer
           and
           Thanksgiving
           set
           forth
           by
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           Her
           Council
           ,
           
           wherein
           one
           of
           those
           Psalms
           are
           ordered
           to
           be
           Sung
           ,
           not
           long
           after
           that
           Edition
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Reign
           in
           which
           they
           came
           forth
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           might
           follow
           a
           Lesson
           out
           of
           the
           Old
           Testament
           ,
           as
           Appointed
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Epistle
           and
           Gospel
           as
           Appointed
           ;
           either
           from
           the
           Pulpit
           ,
           Reading-Desk
           ,
           or
           as
           in
           Cathedral
           Churches
           .
        
         
           Then
           might
           follow
           the
           Sermon
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           Minister
           might
           Conclude
           with
           some
           such
           Sentence
           as
           This
           :
        
         
           He
           that
           cometh
           to
           God
           ,
           must
           Believe
           that
           he
           is
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           is
           a
           Rewarder
           of
           all
           them
           that
           diligently
           seek
           him
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Heart
           man
           believeth
           unto
           Righteousness
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Mouth
           confession
           is
           made
           unto
           Salvation
           .
        
         
           Let
           us
           therefore
           make
           Confession
           of
           our
           Christian
           Faith.
           
        
         
         
           Then
           might
           follow
           one
           of
           the
           Creeds
           ,
           either
           to
           be
           said
           or
           sung
           distinctly
           .
        
         
           Then
           might
           follow
           the
           Commandments
           ,
           after
           some
           such
           Sentence
           of
           Scripture
           as
           this
           :
        
         
           Ye
           say
           ,
           
           you
           believe
           there
           is
           One
           God
           ;
           ye
           do
           well
           :
        
         
           
             The
             Devils
             also
             believe
             and
             Tremble
          
           ;
           
           as
           the
           Apostle
           S.
           James
           assures
           us
           .
           And
           that
           ,
        
         
           As
           the
           Body
           without
           the
           Spirit
           is
           dead
           ,
           so
           Faith
           without
           Works
           is
           dead
           also
           .
        
         
           Let
           us
           therefore
           also
           keep
           God's
           Covenant
           ,
           
           and
           consider
           his
           Commandments
           to
           do
           them
           .
        
         
           Which
           are
           the
           same
           which
           God
           spake
           in
           the
           Twentieth
           Chapter
           of
           Exodus
           ;
           Saying
           ,
        
         
           I
           am
           the
           Lord
           thy
           God
           &c.
           
        
         
           1.
           
           Thou
           shalt
           have
           no
           other
           Gods
           but
           me
           .
        
         
           Answ
           .
           Lord
           have
           mercy
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           The
           Sum
           of
           all
           which
           is
           Love.
           
        
         
         
           Let
           us
           therefore
           Love
           the
           Lord
           ,
           our
           God
           ,
           with
           all
           our
           Hearts
           ,
           with
           all
           our
           Souls
           ,
           with
           all
           our
           Powers
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           our
           Strengths
           .
        
         
           And
           ,
           Let
           us
           love
           our
           Neighbours
           as
           our selves
           ;
           by
           doing
           unto
           all
           men
           ,
           as
           we
           would
           they
           should
           do
           unto
           us
           :
           For
           on
           these
           two
           depend
           the
           whole
           Law
           and
           the
           Prophets
           .
        
         
           Then
           might
           follow
           an
           Admonition
           for
           those
           that
           are
           thus
           minded
           to
           Stay
           ;
           and
           for
           those
           that
           are
           otherwise
           minded
           ,
           to
           Depart
           and
           Leave
           the
           Congregation
           in
           Peace
           .
        
         
           Then
           might
           follow
           the
           Litany
           in
           the
           Morning
           ;
           and
           
             Dearly
             beloved
             Brethren
             ,
             Confession
          
           and
           Absolution
           in
           the
           Afternoon
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           Litany
           ,
           all
           under
           Censure
           might
           be
           admonished
           to
           Depart
           .
        
         
           Then
           the
           Exhortation
           for
           the
           Communion
           .
           Then
           when
           there
           is
           ,
           and
           where
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           a
           Communion
           ,
           may
           follow
           the
           
           Sentences
           ,
           Collection
           and
           Offering
           ,
           &c.
           as
           Appointed
           .
           When
           there
           is
           none
           ;
           after
           the
           Offertory
           ,
           the
           Lord's
           Prayer
           ,
           the
           General
           Prayer
           ,
           Collects
           ,
           and
           General
           Thanksgiving
           .
        
         
           Then
           to
           Conclude
           with
           ,
           
             The
             Peace
             of
             God
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           At
           Evening
           :
           After
           a
           Psalm
           ,
           as
           before
           ;
           or
           the
           Psalms
           ,
           as
           Appointed
           ;
           or
           both
           ;
           might
           follow
           the
           Lessons
           out
           of
           the
           Old
           and
           New
           Testament
           ,
           as
           Appointed
           ;
           the
           Catechism
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Sermon
           .
        
         
           Then
           the
           Belief
           ,
           and
           Commandments
           ,
           as
           before
           ;
           or
           instead
           of
           the
           Commandments
           the
           Commination
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           27
           th
           Chapter
           of
           Deuteronomy
           .
        
         
           Then
           the
           Dissenters
           to
           Depart
           .
        
         
           And
           then
           one
           or
           more
           of
           the
           Sentences
           of
           Scripture
           for
           Repentance
           .
           Then
           the
           Exhortation
           ,
           Confession
           ,
           and
           Absolution
           .
        
         
         
           Then
           the
           Penitents
           admonished
           to
           Depart
           ;
           And
           then
           the
           Salutation
           of
           Peace
           .
        
         
           The
           Lord
           be
           with
           you
           .
        
         
           Answ
           .
           And
           with
           thy
           Spirit
           .
        
         
           Then
           the
           rest
           as
           follows
           ,
           and
           according
           as
           it
           is
           Appointed
           .
        
         
           So
           you
           see
           that
           the
           Primitive
           Order
           of
           Divine-Service
           ,
           might
           be
           adapted
           to
           our
           Present
           Liturgy
           without
           altering
           any
           thing
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           and
           not
           very
           much
           of
           the
           Manner
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           that
           such
           things
           ,
           for
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Peace
           of
           his
           Church
           ,
           may
           (
           by
           the
           Lawful
           Authority
           of
           the
           Church
           and
           State
           )
           be
           Altered
           ,
           and
           otherwise
           Established
           ,
           Our
           Church
           acknowledges
           in
           that
           excellent
           Preface
           to
           the
           Common-Prayer
           Book
           ,
           Concerning
           Ceremonies
           ;
           why
           some
           be
           Abolished
           ,
           and
           why
           some
           are
           Retained
           .
           Which
           is
           so
           Pious
           ,
           
           Discreet
           ,
           and
           Rational
           an
           Account
           of
           those
           things
           ,
           that
           it
           seems
           wonderful
           ,
           that
           it
           did
           not
           satisfie
           all
           Men
           of
           either
           Piety
           ,
           Learning
           ,
           or
           Reason
           .
        
         
           And
           indeed
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           Reason
           why
           Men
           should
           fall
           out
           at
           all
           about
           Innocent
           Ceremonies
           ,
           since
           we
           find
           the
           Earliest
           Times
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           ,
           did
           not
           concern
           themselves
           about
           such
           small
           Differences
           in
           Indifferent
           Practices
           of
           divers
           particular
           Churches
           .
           As
           is
           manifest
           from
           that
           Excellent
           and
           Pious
           Epistle
           written
           by
           S.
           Irenaeus
           to
           Victor
           Bishop
           of
           
           Rome
           ,
           touching
           the
           Observation
           of
           Easter
           .
           Wherein
           he
           shews
           various
           Uses
           of
           divers
           Provincial
           Churches
           ,
           in
           Fasts
           ,
           Prayers
           *
           ,
           Building
           of
           Churches
           ,
           Worshiping
           of
           God
           in
           them
           ,
           and
           keeping
           Easter
           it self
           .
           And
           yet
           they
           did
           not
           fall
           out
           about
           that
           ,
           nor
           make
           a
           Schism
           in
           the
           Church
           upon
           such
           Frivolous
           Accounts
           .
        
         
         
           I
           wish
           our
           Dissenting
           Brethren
           would
           be
           followers
           of
           that
           Excellent
           Example
           and
           Temper
           ;
           and
           not
           Divide
           their
           own
           Church
           upon
           such
           Accounts
           ,
           but
           strive
           together
           with
           Us
           to
           
             keep
             the
             Vnity
             ●●
             the
             Spirit
             in
             Bonds
             of
             Peace
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           lest
           I
           should
           grow
           Tedious
           about
           Small
           Matters
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           such
           great
           and
           weighty
           Concerns
           are
           under
           Consideration
           in
           Church
           and
           State
           I
           will
           come
           to
           a
           Conclusion
           ;
           hoping
           that
           I
           shall
           not
           be
           overmuch
           censured
           with
           Impertinency
           ,
           for
           spending
           so
           much
           of
           my
           own
           ,
           and
           the
           Readers
           time
           ,
           on
           this
           Subject
           :
           Since
           it
           was
           so
           wise
           a
           Man
           that
           said
           ,
        
         
           He
           that
           despiseth
           Small
           things
           shall
           fall
           by
           little
           and
           little
           .
        
         
           Those
           that
           consider
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           about
           such
           small
           things
           ,
           if
           the
           Reverend
           and
           Decent
           Worship
           of
           God
           may
           be
           so
           called
           ,
           that
           a
           very
           Great
           part
           of
           our
           Nation
           have
           
           Separated
           themselves
           from
           the
           National
           Church
           ,
           will
           be
           of
           another
           mind
           .
           For
           if
           Mediums
           might
           be
           found
           out
           ,
           to
           bring
           us
           to
           such
           a
           Right
           understanding
           with
           each
           other
           ,
           as
           would
           bring
           us
           to
           Agree
           〈◊〉
           Worship
           God
           together
           ,
           in
           
             Vnity
             of
             the
             Spirit
          
           ;
           in
           the
           
             Bonds
             of
             Peace
          
           ;
           in
           
             Reverence
             and
             Godly
             Fear
          
           ;
           in
           
             the
             same
             Spirit
             with
             Truth
          
           ,
           without
           excluding
           Decency
           and
           Comly
           Order
           .
           Certainly
           ,
           as
           there
           is
           nothing
           more
           desirable
           in
           this
           World
           ;
           so
           nothing
           should
           be
           more
           earnestly
           Endeavoured
           by
           those
           that
           have
           the
           Weighty
           Charge
           of
           Christ's
           Sheep
           and
           Lambs
           ,
           committed
           to
           their
           Charge
           ,
           than
           to
           bring
           them
           into
           Christ's
           Fold
           ;
           to
           be
           at
           perfect
           Unity
           in
           Faith
           ,
           and
           Charity
           in
           Doctrine
           and
           Practice
           .
           And
           I
           must
           profess
           my
           Ignorance
           to
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           of
           any
           more
           Effectual
           Means
           ,
           than
           the
           Laying
           before
           the
           World
           ,
           the
           Practice
           of
           the
           Apostolical
           and
           Primitive
           Christians
           ,
           next
           to
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           
           concerning
           these
           Things
           ,
           to
           bring
           this
           to
           pass
           .
        
         
           Those
           certainly
           are
           the
           
             Aliquod
             tertium
          
           ,
           in
           which
           if
           we
           could
           (
           as
           we
           ought
           )
           Agree
           ,
           we
           might
           have
           hopes
           in
           a
           short
           time
           to
           Agree
           with
           one
           another
           .
        
         
           Which
           I
           beseech
           God
           of
           His
           Infinite
           Mercy
           to
           grant
           ,
           for
           the
           Healing
           of
           Schism
           ,
           and
           Preventing
           of
           Vain-jangling
           ,
           Heresie
           ,
           and
           the
           Effusion
           of
           Christian
           Blood
           in
           all
           Lands
           ;
           through
           the
           Merits
           and
           Mediation
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           Our
           Lord
           and
           only
           Saviour
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A65619-e640
           
             Act.
             19.
             9.
             
          
           
             Act.
             20.
             
          
           
             1
             Cor.
             10.
             18
             ,
             21.
             
          
           
             Heb.
             13.
             10.
             
          
           
             Apol.
             2.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e1640
           
             Hagg.
             2.
             9.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Thrones
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e2160
           
             See
             Dr.
             Beveridg
             .
             Annot
             .
             in
             Can.
             Nicen.
             XI
             .
             sec
             .
             14.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             See
             Dr.
             Beveridg
             .
             ibid.
             N.
             12.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e3930
           
             Euseb
             .
             lib.
             3.
             
             De
             vita
             Const
             .
             c.
             33.
             
             
               How
               the
            
             New
             Jerusalem
             ,
             
               and
               the
               Church
               of
               Our
               Saviour
               was
               built
               .
            
          
           
             Cap.
             34.
             
             Of
             the
             Building
             of
             the
             Holy
             Sepulchre
             .
          
           
             Cap.
             35.
             
             
               The
               Description
               of
               the
            
             Court
             and
             Portico's
             .
          
           
             Cap.
             36.
             
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             Walls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             37.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Description
               of
               the
               double
            
             Portico
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             38.
             
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             the
             Hemisphere
             &c.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             39.
             
          
           
             Description
             of
             the
             Courts
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             40.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Offerings
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e4580
           
             Cap.
             34.
             
          
           
             
             Sands's
             Trav.
             lib.
             3.
             p.
             162.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             35.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             36.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             36.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             37.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e5720
           
             Fig.
             3.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             59.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             60.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e5980
           
             Chrysost
             .
             Hom.
             26.
             in
             Ep.
             2
             ad
             Cor.
             7.
             p.
             41
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e6840
           
             Fig.
             4
             ,
             &
             5.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Sym.
               Thess
            
             .
             de
             Templ
             .
          
           
             †
             See
             Pausanias
             
               Boeot
               .
               p.
               557.
               
               Ed.
            
             Han.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Schol.
               in
            
             Sophoclen
             .
             That
             in
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
             Virtuvius
             ,
             
               Lib.
               4.
               c.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             Church
             Doors
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Cod.
             de
             Ob.
             Cur.
             Const
             .
             aut
             cap.
             15.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Euseb
             .
             Lib.
             10.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             †
             EFG
             .
          
           
             *
             N
             G.
             
          
           
             NAOS
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             In
             Eucholog
             .
             in
             
               Ablutione
               Sacrae
               mensae
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             &c.
             Greg.
             Thaumaturg
             .
             Can.
             11.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Bals
             .
             Syn.
             Ancyr
             .
             Can.
             17.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Eucholog
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Euchol
             .
             in
             Ord.
             S.
             Minist
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             —
             Bals
             .
             in
             Dionys
             .
             Alex.
             cap.
             2.
             
             That
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             were
             the
             same
             ,
             is
             plain
             by
             Eusebius
             ,
             in
             his
             Description
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             the
             
               Holy
               Sepulchre
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Vid.
             Church
             of
             
               Tyre
               .
               Euseb
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               Eccl.
               Hierarch
               .
               cap.
               3.
               
               Dionys
               .
               Areop
               .
            
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Bals
             .
             In
             Schol.
             ad
             15.
             
             Can.
             Laodic
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Blast
             .
             in
             .
             lit
             .
             M.
             Schol.
             Hermen
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Sym.
               Thess
            
             .
             de
             Sacram.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cod.
             de
             Off.
             Cur.
             Const
             .
             c.
             17.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               Greg.
               Thau
            
             .
             Can.
             9.
             
          
           
             Orig.
             Tract
             .
             26.
             
             In
             Matthaeum
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               Greg.
               Naz.
            
             Orat.
             ad
             150.
             
             Episc
             .
             Eucholog
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Euchol
             .
             in
             Ord.
             S.
             Minist
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             In
             Typ
             .
          
           
             *
             It
             is
             observable
             ,
             That
             that
             of
             Troy
             ,
             where
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             was
             at
             the
             furthest
             Eastern
             side
             ,
             that
             the
             Length
             from
             East
             to
             West
             ,
             is
             but
             half
             so
             much
             as
             it
             is
             from
             North
             to
             South
             ,
             undoubtedly
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Hearing
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ign.
             Ep.
             ad
             Phil.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             &c.
             Ign.
             Ep.
             ad
             Magnes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Greg.
               Naz.
            
             Orat.
             ad
             150.
             
             Ep.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Balsam
             .
             in
             2.
             
             Can.
             Syn.
             Constantinop
             .
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Dio.
             Lib.
             44.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Typ
             .
             Sab.
             cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Cod.
             
          
           
             Sym.
             Thess
             .
             
               de
               Temp.
            
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Balsam
             .
             in
             2.
             
             Can.
             Const
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Zonar
             .
             in
             Can.
             Apost
             .
             58.
             
          
           
             Socrat.
             Lib.
             6.
             c.
             5.
             
             Zozom
             .
             Lib.
             8.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Baron
             .
             An.
             407.
             n.
             17.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Greg.
               Nazian
            
             .
             Orat.
             32.
             ad
             CL.
             Ep.
             
          
           
             Prudent
             .
             Peristeph
             .
             hym
             .
             11.
             de
             S.
             Hyppolyr
             .
          
           
             *
             Math.
             26.
             59.
             
             Mar.
             14.
             55.
             
          
           
             †
             1
             Tim.
             4.
             14.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e13050
           
             Conc.
             Laod.
             Can.
             19.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Just
             .
             Apol.
             2.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A65619-e13310
           
             Parallele
             de
             la
             Practique
             de
             l'
             Esglise
             Ancienne
             ,
             &
             de
             celle
             des
             
               Protestans
               de
            
             France
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Jam.
             2.
             19
             ,
          
           
             ver
             .
             26.
             
          
           
             Psal
             .
             103.
             ver
             .
             18.
             
          
           
             Euseb
             .
             Eccl.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             5.
             c.
             24.
             
          
           
             *
             Socrates
             ,
             Lib.
             cap
             22.
             p.
             287.
             
             D.