Distant Reader - subject-christianSects-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 8 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 278,056 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 34,757 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 92. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, will, many, shall, may, men, church, man, sectaries, now, christ, great, house, master, us, power, things, time, yet, people, lord, first, much, truth, good, way, also, word, made, say, hee, part, commons, parliament, government, make, others, godly, therefore, kingdome, come, saith, might, two, words, king, though, never, see

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The third part of Gangræna. Or, A new and higher discovery of the errors, heresies, blasphemies, and insolent proceedings of the sectaries of these times; with some animadversions by way of confutation upon many of the errors and heresies named. ... Briefe animadversions on many of the sectaries late pamphlets, as Lilburnes and Overtons books against the House of Peeres, M. Peters his last report of the English warres, The Lord Mayors farewell from his office of maioralty, M. Goodwins thirty eight queres upon the ordinance against heresies and blasphemies, M. Burtons Conformities deformity, M. Dells sermon before the House of Commons; ... As also some few hints and briefe observations on divers pamphlets written lately against me and some of my books, ... / By Thomas Edvvards Minister of the Gospel., Truths victory against heresie; all sorts comprehended under these ten mentioned: 1. Papists, 2. Familists, 3. Arrians, 4. Arminians, 5. Anabaptists, 6. Separatists, 7. Antinomists, 8. Monarchists. 9. Millenarists, 10. Independents. As also a description of the truth, the Church of Christ, her present suffering estate for a short time yet to come; and the glory that followeth at the generall resurrection. / By I.G. a faithfull lover and obeyer of the truth. Imprimatur, John Downame., and Sectaries vnmasked and confuted. By the treating upon divers points of doctrine in debate betwixt the Presbyterialists and sectarists, Anabaptists, Independents, and Papists. / By George Palmer wel-wisher to a warrantable uniformity in godly religious exercises..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

master peters, godly minister, holy ghost, may see, jesus christ, godly ministers, third part, let us, reader may, master burroughs, second part, every one, gods word, presbyteriall government, one another, early english, english books, city remonstrance, lord jesus, many things, first part, books online, set forth, relation concerning, reformed churches, lord major, one master, man may, free grace, letter written, great sectary, pamphlet entituled, master edwards, lords day, take heed, master saltmarsh, page images, will never, take notice, many sectaries, lords supper, amongst us, will make, long time, among us, must needs, civill government, whole world, shall give, god will

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Sectaries vnmasked and confuted. By the treating upon divers points of doctrine in debate betwixt the Presbyterialists and sectarists, Anabaptists, Independents, and Papists. / By George Palmer wel-wisher to a warrantable uniformity in godly religious exercises. Truths victory against heresie; all sorts comprehended under these ten mentioned: 1. Papists, 2. Familists, 3. Arrians, 4. Arminians, 5. Anabaptists, 6. Separatists, 7. Antinomists, 8. Monarchists. 9. Millenarists, 10. Independents. As also a description of the truth, the Church of Christ, her present suffering estate for a short time yet to come; and the glory that followeth at the generall resurrection. / By I.G. a faithfull lover and obeyer of the truth. Imprimatur, John Downame., and To the High Court of Parliament. A dilemma, from a parallel. Humbly presented. Published according to order..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, christ, lord, word, tcp, spirit, scriptures, saints, parliament, gospel, england, apostle, toleration, sectary, sectaries, sect, scripture, scots, romish, remonstrance, religion, relation, reader, protestants, prophet, prince, presbyterians, preachers, popish, peters, papists, pamphlet, ordinance, minister, master, man, magistrate, lords, london, letter, lawes, law, kingdome, king, independents, houses, house, henry, government

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and The primitive practise for preserving truth. Or An historicall narration, shewing what course the primitive church anciently, and the best reformed churches since have taken to suppresse heresie and schisme. And occasionally also by way of opposition discovering the papall and prelaticall courses to destroy and roote out the same truth; and the judgements of God which have ensued upon persecuting princes and prelates. / By Sir Simonds D''Ewes. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, man, things, time, power, sectaries, people, p., truth, way, others, words, part, day, times, world, word, place, divers, ▪, places, thing, hee, faith, conscience, liberty, viz, hath, scripture, name, saints, hands, page, life, religion, reason, scriptures, body, persons, t, hand, government, earth, reader, nothing, self, death, passages, kind, books

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, have, was, are, were, had, being, did, do, been, made, say, said, make, come, see, give, know, take, having, done, written, set, put, let, told, given, taken, according, speak, sent, came, am, hath, called, spoken, concerning, preached, heard, go, speaking, brought, answer, bee, prove, bring, preach, thought, read

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, christ, church, master, lord, house, 〉, c., commons, parliament, 〈, hath, lords, king, england, army, kingdome, john, minister, ◊, london, ministers, ●, city, gods, government, sectaries, yea, m., book, law, spirit, holy, word, independents, gospel, wee, jesus, heaven, peters, hee, thou, lawes, doe, mr., independent, christians, covenant, father, christs

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

they, it, i, his, their, them, he, him, you, we, our, my, us, me, your, her, themselves, himself, she, thy, its, thee, theirs, yours, ours, mine, one, yee, ye, ts, s, ourselves, elias, ay, whereof, non, l, icul

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

many, other, such, great, good, godly, true, first, same, more, own, much, last, whole, new, false, free, particular, little, wicked, second, common, former, holy, present, old, saith, most, very, few, full, able, third, least, better, publike, high, greater, honest, outward, contrary, strange, greatest, young, lawfull, open, wise, late, dead, long

not, so, then, now, up, also, as, more, therefore, only, never, yet, out, ever, thus, well, there, much, most, here, even, too, first, very, together, forth, away, down, in, before, onely, again, all, off, long, still, indeed, that, rather, is, further, especially, thereof, sometimes, often, just, secondly, truly, already, over

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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