The dumbe diuine speaker, or: Dumbe speaker of Diuinity A learned and excellent treatise, in praise of silence: shewing both the dignitie, and defectes of the tongue. Written in Italian, by Fra. Giacomo Affinati d'Acuto Romano. And truelie translated by A.M. Affinati, Giacomo. 1605 Approx. 1037 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 180 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A08695 STC 190 ESTC S115940 99851157 99851157 16417 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A08695) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 16417) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 865:02) The dumbe diuine speaker, or: Dumbe speaker of Diuinity A learned and excellent treatise, in praise of silence: shewing both the dignitie, and defectes of the tongue. Written in Italian, by Fra. Giacomo Affinati d'Acuto Romano. And truelie translated by A.M. Affinati, Giacomo. Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633. [8], 283, [67] p. Printed [by R. Bradock] for William Leake, dwelling in Paules churchyard, at the signe of the Holy-ghost, At London : 1605. A translation, by Anthony Munday, of the Italian original by Jacopo Affinati d'Acuto. Printer's name from STC. Some print show-through, and some leaves cropped at head. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Christian life -- Early works to 1800. 2005-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-12 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-10 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2006-10 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE DVMBE DIVINE SPEAKER , ( * ⁎ * ) OR : Dumbe speaker of Diuinity . A Learned and excellent Treatise , in praise of Silence : shewing both the dignitie , and defectes of the Tongue . Written in Italian , by Fra. Giacomo Affinati d'Acuto Romano . And truelie translated by A. M. AT LONDON , Printed for William Leake , dwelling in Paules churchyard , at the signe of the Holy-ghost . 1605. To his most respected , and very dearely esteemed kinde friend-Master Iohn Stermyn , a true louer of learning , and furtherer to all studious endeaueurs . SIR , hauing acquainted you with this long and laborious translation ( a subiect so learned and excellent as in any language ( I thinke ) the like is rare to be found ) And finding you willing to giue it entertainement : I discharged my affections frō all great men of the world , such as looke on learning awry , and asquint , or with a nod , or , I thanke yee , requite great studious labours , And made choice of you , whome I knowe not onely capable of greater matters in your selfe , but a most kind fauourer of any paines this way imployed . The Author in Italian calles it : Il Muto che Parla Concetti Scritturali . And the best English title I coulde giue it ( in my mind ) is , The dumbe Diuine Speaker : or , dumbe Speaker of Diuinitie , because the whole course of matter is thereon absolutely grounded , and in silent dumbnesse , deliuereth an exquisite methode for the gouernment of our speaking . Take you the honour of my paynes , as one whome entirely I affect , with you , I giue the world my labours best benefite : expecting from you but your wonted kindnesse , And if the world giue me good words , t is all I aske of it . Yours in all true affection , A. M. Fra. Giacomo Affinati to the Reader , yeelding a reason for the title of his Booke . HEE knowes my heart , that rules the affections of euery soule , how desirous I haue beene from time to time , to be anie way helpfull to my neighbour , to declare my selfe no vnfruitfull tree , planted within the flourishing bosome of the Church . And therefore with the occasion of a most gentle spirite , bemoaning the infinite vaine trauailes of many , such as ( indeede ) deserue no acknowledgement of the world : I imposed an eternall silence vpon my selfe , and to assist the world ( thereby ) so much as lay in me , and to raise it vp from those weightie oppressions of wicked molestatiōs ( according to the ability of mine own weak strength ) First I published the Mount of holy tribulation , and now my Dumb diuine Speaker , in prayse of Silence , So called , because I approoue by authoritye of sacred Scripture , that whensoeuer we speake well , and as becommeth vs : it is not we that speake , but the holy ghost , which then moueth the organe of our speeche . Non enim vos estis qui loquimini , sed spiritus patris vestri qui loquitur in vobis . Heereupon , Christ casting foorth the diuell that was dumbe , out of the possessed bodie , the holy Euangeliste telles vs , that the dumbe spake . Erat Iesus eijciens Demonium , & illud erat mutum . Et cum ciecisset Demonium , loquutus est mutus . Wherein we haue to noate , how the Euangelist sayth , that the diuell was dumb , who being cast out of the possessed bodie , he doeth not say , that the diuell spake which was dumbe , but he that was possessed : referring the dumbnesse , not to the diuell as first was affirmed , but to the bodie possessed , which ( hauing beene dumbe ) spake . Et cum eiecisset Demonium , loquutus est mutuis . Now although the right sense be , that he who first was dumbe , spake , the diuell being throwne out : yet notwithstanding , agreeing with the hidden voyce of the letter , it is true that the dumb spake , abyding also in his dumbnesse , because he spake well , as the Euangelist noteth ; Et loque . batur rectè : hee being dumbe , and yet speaking by the meanes of the holy spirite , therefore wee also are silent , and God speaketh in and by vs , when we speake well and decentlie , and thus is it true that the dumbe man spake . This haue I set downe in fauour and defence of the title of this Treatise , wherein I purpose to deliuer the excellencie of Silence , and how it is much better to keepe silence , then to talke , in regard of the numberlesse offences , that men do fall into by their tongues only . Which labor , if I may perceiue the worlde gratefully to accept , or the least apparant signe of thankefulnesse to proceede from thence : I promise , that speedily I will deliuer to the Presse , another as excellent and profitable a worke , entitled : The world turned topsie turuie : or , the vpside downward ; discoursing of God , of the Angelles , of the heauens , of subluna●ie things , and of Microcosmus , or the little world man , approouing how they are all ouerturned . In the meane while , vouchsafe with gentlenesse to read this treatise , which may the more speedily hasten on the other . And pray vnto the Lord for me , that I may be a diligent ligēt obseruer ofsilēce , which is ful of al securitie & safety , and abounding in all sacred blessings . Whereupon Dauid sayde , that the Israelites reioyced when they were quiet , which made them afterward be brought to the porte of their owne pleasures . Laetati sunt quia siluerunt , & deduxit eos in portum voluntatis corum . For great ioy haue they that keep silence , because therby they offend not god , but in their silence they do alwaies contemplate theire cheefeste happinesse , and ( euen as in a safe harbour ) haue perpetuall quietnesse . FINIS . The cheefe heades and Argumentes , that are discoursed on in this labour : and the seuerall application of Scriptures to them . Of trueth and Of Lying . 96. If I saye the trueth , why doe yee not beleeue me . Iohn . 8.46 . When he speaketh a lye , then speaketh hee of his owne . Iohn . 8.44 . Of Silence . 22. 42. He rebuked them , and suffered them not to say that they knew him to be Christ . Luk. 4. 41. Of Flatterie . 81. They answered Iesus , and saide ; we cannot tell . Mat. 21. 27. Master , we know that thou art true , and teachest the way of God truely , &c. Math. 22. 16. Of Wisedome . 54. Be wise as Serpentes , and innocent as Doues . Math. 10. 16. Of Murmuring . 137. 147. 156. But they that were Scribes and Pharisies among them murmured , &c. Luke . 5. 30. Of the double tongue . 166. This people draweth neere vnto me with their mouth , and honoreth me with their lips ; but their hart is far off from me . Mat. 15. 8. Of the dumb Diuell . 111. Then he cast out a Diuell , and he was dumbe . Luke . 11. 14. Of the Angels speaking . And when the Diuell was gone out , the dumb spake . ibid. Of the gift of tongues . 112. And they were filled with the holy ghost , and began to speake with other tongues . Act. 2. 4. Of Hypocrisie . 166. 173. 182. When yee fast , looke not sowre as the hypocrits do , for they disfigure their faces , that they might seeme vnto men to fast Mat , 6. 16. Of Repentance . 127. When I held my tongue my bones consumed , through my daily complaining . Psal . 32. 3. Of Mercenaries 190. But an hireling , and he which is not a sheepheard , neither the sheepe are his owne , seeth the wolfe comming , and leaueth the sheep and flieth . Ioh. 10. 12. Of Blasphemie . And men boyled in great heate , and blasphemed the name of God &c. Apoc. 16. 9. Of the excellency of the worde of God. 69. And they said ; Thou hast a Deuill . Ioh. 7. 20. Neuer was man heard to speake the like . Iohn . 7. 46. And the people preased vpon him , to heare the word of God. Of rash iudgement . 151. Iudge not according to the appearance . Iohn . 7. 24. Of vain glory . 182. I am not like other men , &c. I fast twise in the weeke : I giue , &c. Luke . 18. 11. 12. The foolish virgins tooke their lamps , but tooke no oyle with them . Mat. 25. 3. Of the mystery of opening the mouth . O Lord open thou my lippes , and then my mouth shall shewe foorth thy prayse . Psal . 140. 9 Iesus opened his mouth , and taught them . Mat. 5. 2. Of brotherly correction . If thy brother offend against thee ; goe and tell him his faulte betweene thee and him alone , &c. Mat. 18. 15. 16. A MOST EXCELLENT AND LEARNED DIALOGVE , IN PRAISE OF SILENCE : DECLARING BOTH THE DIGNITIE AND DEFECTES OF THE TONGVE . The Speakers in this Dialogue , are the right reuerend Lord Counte Claudio , Bishop of Placentia : and the most honorable Lord Lodouico Rangone his brother , Marquesse of Gibello , &c. The Argument . It is here discoursed in a pleasing controuersie , whether Silence or speaking , merits most praise . And , the one contrarying the other very familiarly , eache striues to maintaine his cause by soundest reasons : somtimes producing authorities from holy writ , and other whiles from the auncientest Philosophers . At length ( after a sweete and sententious arguing ) they conclude , that there is more securitie in silence , then indiscreete talking : in regard , that while eache man striues to speake best , his owne conceite doeth soonest deceiue him . And this is confirmed by diuine proofes , wittie sayings of Philosophers , and naturall reasons . Chap. 1. CLAVDIO . The sweetnesse of humane conference is so pleasing , gladsome and delightfull , as I receiue no meane iniurie ( my Lord ) by your silence . This taciturnity of yours , is such a mighty affliction to me , as I can better forbeare my dayly food , then to be thus depriued of your speeche . Seeing , to a hart downe-pressed with sorrow ( as mine is ) much more auaileth the sweete language of a true friend , then the physick of a skilfull doctor to an infirme bodie , and more vertue haue friendly consolations , to free the hearte from all oppressing passions , then physicks sweetest sirrops , in restrayning the furie of a Feuer . And yet do you hold your peace ? may it not suffice you , that you haue so long time forborne to answere my letters , but now likewise to ouercharge my thoughts with this insupportable silence ? The occasion of your denying answere to my writings , as also your enioyning me to silence , haue equall reason to this your obstinacie . But albeit you kept me so long from your desired lines , yet now deny mee not the benefite of your speeche . Dumbe , and silent stil ? What are you made of stone , that you haue a head without a tongue , or a tongue immooueable without speeche ? Or , being ouercharged with the greatnesse of mise●ies ( as Paule the Apostle was ) you know not how to expresse them ? Or by the multitude of matters , which trouble your senses , are you robb'd of the meanes for their deliuerance , as , if aboundance made you the poorer ? Or , as the man deepely pondering on celestiall causes , becomes ( by carnest apprehension ) so obliuious and transported from himself , as ( not remembring where he is ) a sweete deceipte perswades him that he is in heauen , yet afterward ( as a fraile man ) finds himself to be vpon the earth ? Lodouico . He knowes enough , that truely knowes how to hold his peace . Claudio . But silence is sometimes the occasion of much hurt ; and therefore is to be suspected . Lodouico . Euery word should not be answered : and sometimes , quiet silence is much more commendable , then tedious and prolixious speeche : but your Lordship ( beeing assured of my loue ) might rest so satisfied , and ( with my delight ) to delight your owne selfe : so much the rather , because it passeth for a generall prouerbe , that deeds are men , and words women . Claudio . T is true , but yet it was no lye that Solon sayd , * that speeche or words are the image of deeds , as also the figure of humane life : and a Glasse doeth not more liuely expresse the shape of the body , then speeche doeth the true forme of the minde : whence , Socrates reputed speeche , as a thing most necessarie , whereby to knowe the quality of humane nature . Hereupon was it , that a friends sonne of his beeing sent vnto him , that he might gather , what aptnesse remayned in him toward Philosophie and studie of humanitie , he said vnto him : Tell them ( if thou wilt ) that I shall knowe thee . The tongue then is as a touchstone , whereby to know a man : for , the vessell will sauour of the wine contained in it : and , by the breath ( sometimes ) may be gathered what meate hath beene eaten . To this end also Dauid sayd : Eructauit cor meum verbum bonum ; dico ego opera mea regi . Lingua mea calamus scrib● velociter scribentis : My hart will vtter foorth a good matter , I will intreate in my workes of the king . My tongue is as the penne of a swift writer . As if hee would haue sayde , because my hearte is so good , as it can contriue no euill , therefore ( by the tongue ) it sendeth foorth good and holie wordes , whereby my deedes are correspondent to my hearte , so that they feare not to approache the presence of the highest king , moouing the tongue with equall readinesse , as the penne of a swift scribe stirreth it selfe . And questionlesse I take it to bee so , because , it is as kinglie a matter to mooue the hand to worke , as the tongue to speake , whence grew the prouerbe expressing a minde constant : * The worde of a King. If then your honour will but graunte thus much , as to resolue mee , which is in most esteeme , deedes or wordes , the one I will not denie to bee of greate price , by how much the more it expresseth the conceites of the heart , and reueales the passions of the minde , or else wee must giue no credite to Aristotle , who plainelie sayth , that * Voces sunt notae earum quae sunt in anima passionum . Lodouico . To obserue a time for silence , hath euermore beene held a commendable qualitie . Saint Gregorie Nazianzene saith , That wordes haue the proportion of merchandise , and the voyce is like a shippe . Therefore when the merchandise of my speeche , which from the close storehouse of my breast , would bee transported to the citie of your minde ; suddenlie from the porte of my mouth , it gettes cariage ( by the shippe of my voyce ) and with the winde of breath , glydes through the sea of the ayre , deliuers her lading in the hauen of your ea●es , and thence presseth on to offend the hearte . Heereupon ( perhappes ) it was , that Salomon called the tongue , a reward giuen vnto man , to the end , that therewith hee should prayse his Creator , and , in recompence of so many blessings giuen him by God , he should returne him the praise of a holie confession . Dedit enim mihi Dominus lingu●m mercedem meam , & in ipsae laudabo eum . The Lorde hath giuen me a tongue for my rewarde , wherewith I will praise him . But , as it is not alwayes a time for nauigation , or spreading foorth sayle to euerie winde that blowes , but rather to expecte a prosperous gale , for making of a secure voyage , without hazarding the shippe against a rocke , whereby both goods and merchaunte may mimiserably perishe : euen so , ought wee not to launche foorth from the porte of the minde , the merchaundise of wordes by the vessell of our voyce , at euerie rash and vnaduised season , but rather to awaite the opportunity of occasion . For , hee doeth not thrust himselfe to so manifest perill of life , that aduentures on the glib waters of the Sea in a little , fraile , and slender wodden bottome : as he may be said to do , who is hourely in daunger of death , by speaking carelessely and indiscreetely . Therefore sayde the wise man ; Vita & mors in manu linguae ; Life and death are in the power of the tongue . Much better then is it to bee silent , then lauish of speeche , because to speake well , is the worke of a wise and very sensible person , and euery man is not able to speake with securitie , for speaking otherwise , his speeche doth but offend the eares of others . Claudio . If life and death lie in the hand and power of the tongue , then one may be as guiltie of death that sayes nothing , as he that speakes ouermuch . And Dauid complained heereof , repenting that he had held his peace : whence may bee gathered , that if the bones be decayed , which signifie the powerfull vertue ( for as the bones support the bodie , so doeth vertue the soule ) what shall we say then of these wordes : Quoniam tacui , inueterauerunt ossa mea . While I held my tongue , my bones consumed ? Likewise , Esaye the Prophet was sorie he had beene silent , and therefore lamenting sayde : vae mihi , quia tacui : woe be to me , because I held my peace . Now on the contrarie , Iob , that admirable spectacle of patience , repented himselfe because he had spoken , saying : Vnum loquutus sum , quod vtinam non dixissem : Once haue I spoken , but I will answere no more . Then as well may he erre that speakes not in time , as hee that is silent when hee shoulde speake , and therefore I may counte him a foole , that makes no obseruation of a time to speake , which made the wise man say : Stultus caeditur labijs : the foolish in talke shall be beaten : Meaning ( in my minde ) thus , the foolish man that obserues no time of speeche , takes occasion from his owne lippes to be silent , when he should speake , and talkes liberally , when he ought to be silent : therefore let him beare blame from an others tongue , and stripes from other mens hands , because in euery thing there is time to be obserued . Omnia tempus habent : tempus tacendi , & tempus loquendi : To all things there is an appointed time , a time to keep silence , and a time to speake . Lodouico . Well , admit that by silence a man may runne into some defect , yet neuerthelesse , beyond infinite comparisons , and with out all question , farre greater defects and harmes ensue by speaking then silence . For if a foolish man would appeare to be wise and sensible , the best counsell I can giue him is to be silent . Because , as Cicero sayth in one of his Epistles , The tryal whether a man be good or euill , is gathered by his actions : but to know whether he be wise or foolish , is best discerned by his silence or speaking : for by holding his peace , hee may appeare to bee wise , euen in the eie of a learned man. And if wee will credite what Salomon sayeth in his Prouerbes , hee there affirmeth : Stultus quoque si tacuerit , sapiens reputabitur , & si compresserit labia sua , intelligens : A foole when hee holdeth his peace , is accounted wise : and hee that stoppeth his lippes , prudent . Did you neuer see a notable Idiote intrude himselfe into a graue publique disputation ? where , if he stand listening with great attention , it seemes to the beholders , as if he perfectly vnderstood all there spoken , although ( indeede ) he be capable of iust nothing ; but if perchance he fal to babbling , his pouertie of vnderstanding is soone discouered , and manifestly then his ignorance appeareth : this is a case so plaine and apparant , as multitude of proofes are needelesse in it . But if a testimonie out of holy Scripture may passe for payment , listen then to Iob , that greate Prince of the East , who desiring that such friends of his , as came to visite him in his bitter affliction , might shewe themselues to bee wise and discreete , sayde : Vtinam taceretis , vt putaremini esse sapientes : Oh that you woulde hold your tongue , that it might bee imputed to you for wisedome . This often comes to passe , because foolish men can hardelie holde theyr peace . Solon the Philosopher , the very wisest amongst all the Grecians , seeing himselfe in companie of many busie talkers , sate very still and silent , whereat Periander ( a man of great wisedome , and king of Corinth ) marueiling , thus spake . Among so manie men that conferre together , wherefore doth Solon onlie hold his peace ? Is it because thou art a foole , or wantest thou wordes to expresse thy minde ? Whereto Solon answered : A foolish man cannot sit silent . It is likewise written of Zeno the Philosopher , who beeing inuited to a sumptuous banquet , which the Athenian Senate made for certayne Embassadours of Licaonia , and arguing pleasauntlie , as often wee see it frequented in banquetting : hee alone spake neuer a worde , as beeing the wisest of them all , whereat the Embassadours wondering , sayde to Zeno. What shall wee answere to our king , if hee demaunde of vs concerning thee ? Whereunto Zeno thus wisely replyed ; Say to your king , that you sawe a man in Athens at a costly banquet , round engirt with cuppes , yet not drinke , with delicate vtandes , yet eate litile ; in company of many that talked , yet he onely kept silence . I seeke not by this example to perswade you , that I am wise , because of holding my peace , but it rather contentes mee , not to bee esteemed foolish , by ouermuch prattling : in regarde that there is no proofe so perfecte , of knowing a wise man from a foole , but onely by the liberalitye of the tongue . Plato ( on a time ) beeing demaunded , what course or obseruation were best to be kept , for soundest and truest knowledge of men ? answered thus . Men are soonest approoued by theyr sound , as vessells or glasses made of earth are : for as the pot or glasse is knowne by sounding , whether it be broken or whole , so are men by the sound of speeche knowne , either to be good or bad . For , the proude man ( willingly ) talks of nothing but ambition or superioritie : the riche man , of gold and wealthie possessions : the quarreller , of fightes , braules and contentions : the glutton , of feastes and banquetting : the enuious , of malice : the slothfull of soft beds , ease and idlenesse ; the player , of varieties of sportes and delightes : the detractor , of murmuring and slaunders . Wherefore I holde it better to be silente , then talkeatiue . Claudio . But how can a man bee silent , if hee haue a tongue to speake , as hee hath eyes to see , eares to heare , nostrilles to smell , handes to worke , feete to goe , and all his bodye to vse sensibly ? Lodouico . The greater difficultie any worke endures in the attayning , so much the more honour crowneth the atchiuemente thereof , and therefore it is written of vertue ; that it is to be gotten by sweate and labour : Virtutem posuere Dei sudore parandam . Pythagoras held silence in so high esteeme , that Atheneus relateth in his seauenth booke , that of some beastes he would taste moderately , and offer others in sacrifice to the Gods : but in all his life time he would neuer touche a fish , because he made some reuerend reckoning therof , as obseruing some diuine quality therin ( what I know not ) only for taciturnity . Claudio . What diuine matter could the Philosopher note to bee more in the fish , then in any other brutish creature ? this seemes to mee a certayne solemne foolerie , especially in so auncient a Philosopher . Lodouico . Euery creature ordayned for foode to man , hath ( how much or how little it matters not ) some kinde of voyce , except the fishe onely , which hath no voyce at all : whereupon , this Philosopher obseruing a perpetuall silence in fishes ( as a matter meerelye diuine ) hee respected them with a very great opinion . And hence it may bee ( according to the Poets opinion ) that fishes are called Ellopes , quasi vocis inopes . Assuredly , there is nothing more dangerous , then loquacity , nor any thing more easie to be imagined ( without offence ) then silence : which made Marcus Tullius Cicero to commend Cato infinitely , who spake alwayes so wisely , that neuer any worde came from him , the speaking whereof he afterwarde repented . Claudio . Diogenes the Cinick was contrarie to Pythagoras , for hee not onely made no respecte at all of fishes , but ( belike ) was so well pleased with them , that hee sedde very heartilye on them . Nor can the opinion of that greate wise man ouersway me , because anie extreamitie cannot bee free from enormitie : and as blame-worthie doe I holde it , not to speake when neede requires , as to speake ouer-largely when silence were better . Let mee allowe the counsell of Cato , to speake nothing , except it haue bin well spoken before , whereon repentaunce neuer ensueth . But I know you will tell me , that euery man cannot be a Cato : therefore it behooueth him rather to be silent , then venturing vpon the perill of speeche , to fall therby into defect . And should it be so , the tongue then might be sorie , to bee giuen vs but in vaine , nor was Pythagoras himselfe alwayes silent , but tooke sometime delight in speaking , and as hee was a Philosopher that taught many Schollers , so it was very necessarye hee shoulde speake vnto them . Now among other thinges which hee taught them , silence ( you saye ) was the principall instruction , and not to speake till a certayne time . Saint Ierome speaking ( of him ) vpon Ecclesiasticus , sayeth : Pythagoricorum disciplina est tacere per quinquennium , & postea eruditiùs loqui . Others saye , that onely for two yeeres hee imposed silence on his Schollers , and not fiue : but let it bee howsoeuer , it sufficeth that this so long silence was to no other end , but to teache them to speake the better , and with wisedome , so that his intent was not they shoulde bee alwayes silent , but whensoeuer they spake , to speake wisely . Some others do hold that he did not altogether prohibite them of speeche , but because hee woulde not haue a new-come Scholler , to demaunde the occasion of such things as they then reade in the schoole : which by good reason he might doe , in regarde the Scholler ought to credite the Master , if hee meane to receiue any profite at all by him : for if he giue no beleefe to the Master , he will neuer be capable of learning any thing . This made Aristotle saye ; Addiscentem oportet credere : so much the rather , because for manie thinges hee can render no other reason , but onelie the rule of the first instructer . Small profite were it to the childe , who , while hee ought retaine the Alphabet in his memorie , for the better combining of wordes , and reading perfectly ; to waste the time in friuolous questions , demaunding importunatly of the master , vpon what occasion A was called A , and B named B. and why not either of them H or P ? whereof no other reason can be yeelded , but onely the will of the first teacher . And if it bee so , Pythagoras had reason , to cause his Schollers to obserue silence , to the end they might learne ( in time ) to speake the more perfectly . The same did Salomon also teache : Antequam loquaris , disce : Learne before thou speake : The man that speakes without premeditation , oftentimes falles into an vnthought-on repentaunce , and gladlye woulde returne his wordes back againe , when it is ouer-late to do it . Of this opinion likewise was Lacedemon Chilo , of whome Diogenes Lacertius reporteth , that hee vsed often to saye : It ought neuer to bee permitted , that the tongue shoulde goe before the minde , as meaning , that whatsoeuer was to bee spoken of , it ought to be verie well thought on first . The like did the blessed virgin , before shee woulde answere the Angell Gabriell : Cogitabat qualis esset ista salutatio : Shee thought what manner of salutation that should bee . Let it suffice then , that silence is not better then speeche , though more commendable is it for a man to hold his peace , then speake peremptorilie without iudgement , because vnapt speaking merits as greate a checke , as vnnecessarie and ill shapen silence . This made Cicero saye ; Tacere noli vbi non oporiet : and Cato the Vtican confirmed the same , saying ; Tum demum silentium abrumpito , cùm ea loqui poteris , quae sunt indigna silentio . And often times it happeneth , that stricte silence may occasion more inconueniences , yea , some whiles greater , then liberall speaking . Lodouico . A man may bee doubtfull whether he speake wiselie or no : and presupposing that he talketh alwayes reasonably , many times is deceiued in his owne opinion , and becommeth worthie of verie much blame . Moreouer , albeit he speake nothing but the trueth , yet often it falleth out , to endaunger life : as a thousand examples doe giue faithfull witnesse of the same , wherein I account it may best to bee silent , and more safetie shall I therby gaine , then ( perhappes ) by reporting them , considering ( as hath bin already sayd ) as to speake wisely , so to be silent , best declareth what the man is . Dauid knowing how harde a thing it was to speake without blame , desired the Lorde : to set a watch before his mouth , to the end hee might let no wordes passe , but such as were to the prayse of God , the profite of his neighbour , and good of himselfe . Hee desired also , that hee would keepe the doore of his lippes , that hee might speake with wisedome , and vtter nothing which was not to be spoken : Pone Domine custodiam ori meo , & ostium circumstantiae in labijs meis . Dauid desiring to speake , yet so strongly watched and defenced , it is a signe sufficient enough , that to speake well , is a matter very hard . And so could his Sonne Salomon say : Omnis labor hominis in ore eius : All the labour of man , is for his mouth . Dauid speaking further of this burdenous taske , sayth of talkatiue men ; Labor labiorum ipsorum operiet eos : The labour of theyr lippes shall bee so greate , as to couer them . As if he would haue sayde ( in mine opinion ) that the fruite of vaine labour , in speaking among the wicked , shall bee theyr paynes eternall , whereon followeth : Cadent super eos carbones , in ignem deiicies eos , & in miseriis non subsistent : Vpon them shall fall hote burning coales , and the Lorde shall send them into vnquencheable fire . If this bee so , is not stricte silence better to bee endured , then by speaking wickedlie , to incurre such daunger ? Salomon was the onely wise king , that euer in this worlde liued among men : yet founde hee such difficultie in speaking vnreprooueably , and the forwarde tongue so hard to bee brideled , as in bitter sighing hee sayde . Quis dabit ori meo custodiam , & super labia mea signaculum certum , vt non cadam in ipsis , & lingua mea non perdat me ? Who shall set a watch before my mouth , and a seale of wisedome vpon my lippes , that I fall not suddenlie by them , and that my tongue destroye me not ? S. Iohn Chrysostome sayth : that like office as the doore hath of the house , hath the tongue ( in the mouth ) of the minde . And Hugo , in his booke of the twelue abuses , sayth . We ought to remember , that Dauid and Salomon desired a watche and a doore , not a wall , because if a wall should be placed there it would debarre the power and libertie of speache : but setting a dooore there , to be opened and shut as time requireth , signifieth , that there is a time to speake and a time to be silent , yet euer to haue this care in our conuersing , to keepe the doore of our mouth closed , because we are alwaies in perill of corrupt speaking . Furthermore he addeth , that we should open the doore of our mouth at meete and lawfull howers : as in the Church , at praier , in our Studies , at our bookes , and in our bed-chambers , at priuate meditation . The Church ought to be free , from all vaine babbling and arguing , our studyes voide of corrupt reading , and our Chambers , sole sanctuaries for diuine meditating . So then wee ought to keepe the doore of our mouthes close shut , but onely to religious and holy occasions , because it is hard to fall in arguing , without offence to God or our neighbour : therefore I iudge it more meete to be silent , then ( by talking ) to haue the mind in perill of daungerous compassing , and me thinks Periander sayd very well ; Audito multa , loquere pauca ; Heare much , but speake little . Claudio . I deny not , that we ought to heare much , and speake little : but I say , that the impeaching of a mans speeche , is a matter as hurtfull as any talking . Lodouico . You shall find fewe of the auncient or modern Philosophers , but they haue much more commended silence , then speaking hauing absolutely set downe , that greater hazard is in speeche , then taciturnitie . Cleobulus Lindus , one of the Grecian seauen Sages , sayde , A wise man is more sollicitous to heare , then to talke ; for by hearing he learnes , but by talking looseth : Audiendi , quàm lo quendi studiosior esto . Who heareth much , and speaketh little , may best discerne falsehoode from trueth , and erre very little , if he be not blinded in reason , and robb'd of vnderstanding . Claudio . Yet I finde it written , that hearing and listening much , is the signe of a young greene head , which perhappes hee may the rather doe , through the slender experience he hath in matters ; and then I count it better to bee mute , knowing nothing , then by speaking vnwisely to offend the eares of others , for in speaking wittilie , fewe words are needefull . Adolescentis scito esse ( sayeth a learned man ) audire quidem multa , loqui autem paucis , prudentis . Lodouico . Perhappes his reason may iumpe with that of Zeno Elateus , to weet , because Nature hath giuen him one tongue onelye , and two eares , therefore hee shoulde speake little , but heare much , his wordes are these : Aures tibi ●b id scito binas esse , & os vnicum , vt plurima audiens , loquaris paucissima . This Philosopher was such an especiall louer of silence , Example . that his countrey beeing vsurped by a mightie Tyrante , and hee much labouring for the libertie thereof , was by the Tyrant committed to prison : where , beeing put to greeuous tortures , and insupportable tormentes , onelye for discouerie of the priuate coniuration , hee ( to sree the rest from beeing reuealed ) with his owne teeth bit foorth his tongue , and spat it afterwarde in the bloudie Tyrants face , as contented rather to endure eternall silence , then ( by his tongue ) to iniurie his countryes louers , and copartners . Finis Cap. 1. The Argument . Proceeding further on , it is here approoued , that the first instruction a man ought to haue , is to speake discreetely , without offence to any . Heere ( in an ample discourse ) the negligence of Fathers in their families is much reprooued , for not instructing their children in silence , whereby they may attaine to a perfect order of speaking . For which purpose , many curious sentences of the auncient Philosophers are herein entercoursed , beside diuers other out of holy Scriptures . Chap. 2. CLAVDIO . Epaminondas , that mightie Duke and glorie of the Thebanes , commending silence , sayde : that a man should be more desirous to heare , then to speake : Audiendi potiùs quàm loquendi cupidum , te ipsum praebeto . And to this purpose the wise man wrote : In multiloquio non deerit peccatū : qui aut ē moderatur labia sua , ●rudentissimus est : In many words there cannot want iniquity , but he that refraineth his lips is wise . He cānot be far frō error , that delightes in much talking ; therefore a wise man thinketh much more then hee speakes . Lodouico . Such was the counsell of Pittacus the Mitylenian , one of the Grecian seauen wise men , adding further : Lingua non praecurrat mentem : for when the tongue gads before the mindes preconceit , the discourse cannot passe vnguiltie of error . Claudio . Me thinks then the tongue should be commaunded to silence , and the mind to forethinke : Imperalinguae , sayde Sasiades . Lodouico . In the time of Aristotle , there liued an Athenian Sophister , a learned Doctor , called Isocrates , who had manie Schollers in the arte of Oratorie : among the rest , a young man ( verie talkatiue ) came vnto him , beeing named Careo and intreated , that hee woulde accept of him among the rest of his Schollers , onelie to learne the arte of Rhetorique , whereto hee condiscended : but couenaunting about the price , Isocrates demaunded double salarie of him , beyonde anie other Scholler : He , desirous to knowe the reason thereof , and alleaging greate iniurie offered him therein , Isocrates thus answèred . You speake much , and very euill , wherefore to teache you to speake well , I must labour you with two faculties , one , how to holde your peace , the other , how you ought to speake : which double paines makes me to demaund double wages . Claudio . An excellent answere ( in good sooth ) worthilie beseeming such a Philosopher and Oratour , and verie apte to checke the bablarie of young heades nowe in these dayes , who are verie prodigall in speeche , whereof they ought to bee much more sparing , in regarde ( according to Apollonius ) loquacitie is full of errours , and silence most secure . In euery degree ( to speake little ) is best beseeming , but in youthe ( aboue all other ) it is most necessarie : and in a young man it is an ornamente so fayre and beautifull , as the curling hayres doe not more embellishe a delicate virgine , the chaine of golde about her necke , the pendentes at her eares , the bracelettes about her wristes , the iewell on her breast , and the vnualuable gemme on her finger ; as gratious modesty , and sweetly beseeming silence , doth decorate and set forth a ciuill young man. Euerie one shoulde bee very niggardlie of speeche , and youth not speake at all , excepte they bee questioned . Adolescens ( sayeth Salomon ) loquere in tua causa vix cùm necesse fuerit , Thou that art young , speak if neede require , and yet scarcely when thou art twise asked . Because ( saith Seneca ) there is not any thing , that renders a more commodious quiet to the minde , then seldome or little speaking , and taking liberty to thinke on how much soeuer . Therefore the sweetnesse of conuersing , and the delicacie of reasoning , is some kinde of viandes , so relishable and pleasing , or , as a sallade , so agreeing with the appetite : that ( by little and little ) it guideth men to the discouerie of great secretes , little lesse , or no otherwise , then as wine and loue doeth , from whence ( without order ) growes a thousand scandals and vexations . Hereupon we reade , that Anacharsides , ( a learned Philosopher and an honorable Scithian , brother vnto Cadnidus king of Scithia , ) in a fayre Quadrant , wherein his owne picture was curiouslie painted , wrote this sentence : Continere a lingua , gula , & venere : as meaning , that the sinne of the tongue was no lesse , then that of gluttony or luxurie . Lodouico . Nay rather greater , if there neede any degree of order : for , placing the continencie of the tongue in the beginning , he alludeth thereby , that the sinne thereof is worse then that of gourmandise or luxurie : which , if in euery man it be vnseemely , in young men then aboue all other it is most contemptible . The first precept therefore , that parents should teache their children , is , to speake modestly , and vnder controwlements . Dauid had many sonnes , whome he instructed from their infancie in diuine precepts , and that which he taught them fust of all , was , to praise God , and speake holylie : for being exalted to the kingdome , and lying vpon his royall bed , hee called his children about him and sayd : Laudate pueri Dominum , laudate nomen Domini . And they , with obedient childrens voyces , in true and holy simplicitie , sayd . Sit nomen Domini benedictum , ex hoc nunc , & vsque in saeculum . A solis ortu vsque ad occasum , laudabile nomen Domini . Excelsus super omnes gentes Dominus , et super caelos gloria eius . Blessed be the name of the Lord , from henceforth and for euer . The Lords name is praised from the rising of the Sunne , vnto the going downe of the same . The Lord is high aboue all nations , and his glorie aboue the heauens : with all the rest that followeth . These diuine prayses were the first documents which he taught them to speake , and this ought to be the first instruction of euery faithfull father or mother , to teache their children in their very tenderest yeares , to mooue their lippes first in laude of their maker . The vine , the Iuie and the mellone are plants alike , which of their owne nature will not exalt themselues : but if by chaunce they finde any tree neere neighbouring , then they wil claspe and wreathe about it , and ( by the helpe thereof ) attaine to such strength , as oftentimes they goe beyond them in height , which of themselues they were not else able to doe , but continuallie should ( else ) creepe along vpon the ground . Euen such ( perhappes ) might prooue the condition of young childrē , of themselues knowing nothing , they would remaine dumbe as it were : but following the steppes of theyr parentes , and learning by them to talke , hearing murmuring , cursing , swearing and vnseemly speeches in their parents , their weake & naked vnderstanding begins euen then to apprehend the same , and often times , before they know well how to call for breade , can readily blaspheme God , sweare , curse and speake euill . So on the contrarie , by the Parents good example , they may increase in vertue , make profit of holy exercises , and learne to liue christianlie : but if they shewe them wanton and lasciuious sportes , banquets , vncleanely actions of life , frayes , disorders and such like , then shall ye heare from them nothing but the fruits of such instruction , blasphemies , oathes , reuilings and false forswearings , in which corrupt course and wicked qualities , they learne many times to out-goe all other lewd children , yea and perhaps their bad Parents themselues . Claudio . Assuredly it is most true , and to this purpose I can tell you a very pretie storie . In the Sea ( among other kinde of fishes ) there chaunced to be some commonly called Crabbes or Creuisses , which had many feete , and alwayes vsed to goe backwarde , quite contrarie to all the rest among whome they liued . Their father and mother seeing them goe thus backward , began to reprehend them for it , in this manner . My children ( quoth the father ) we haue begotten you , and brought you vp hitherto with no meane care , and now in recompence of our greate trauaile , will you so shame vs , that beeing growne to indifferent stature , you haue not yet learned how to goe , but shape your course quite contrarie to all other that liue among vs ? You see that we are in a daungerous place , where the greatest fishes doe eate vp the smaller frie , therefore to preuent the subtill wiles of our enemies , labour your selues to goe forward , and not backward : otherwise , if you hold on still this gate , you may meet with our aduersaries , and so be most pittifully deuoured by them . The young ones hearing this , began to bee very sorrowfull , and practised to goe otherwise so well as they could but still it fell out to be backward , as indeed by nature they could do no otherwise , which when the Parents againe beheld , they sayd vnto them . Fie fie children , goe not so , for this is the onely way to fall into our enemies mouthes : whereon the children replyed . We pray you , that you would goe before vs , that by your example wee may learne our footing . Then went they foorth , and going backwarde as they before had doone , the children thus spake . Woulde you haue vs goe forwarde , and you your selues doe nothing but come backwarde ? How can wee ( without your instruction ) learne to goe aright , but euen ( as your selues doe ) must keepe on in this wrong course ? In like manner , as ( at first ) good documents are easilie put into the childrens vnderstanding , and as they heare honest and decent speeches from the lippes of their parents ; euen so doe they learne and practise the like or the cōtrary . Better were it for such parents , if they had bin borne dumbe , then giue such euill example to their children , whereby God is highly dishonoured , and their neighbours much offended . Lodouico . A Boue maiore discet arare minor , sayeth the auncient Adage . As by diuine precepte the Sonne ought to obey the Father , so the Father ought to bring vp his Sonne in good education : and the first lesson of all should bee , to glorifie God , and then , how to speake with wisedome and gouernement . Plutarche sheweth in his booke of education , that Crates the Philosopher was so greeued at negligent parentes , such as plainely declare themselues to haue no care at all for the instructing of theyr children , that hee was wont to saye . If it were lawfull for mee , to ascend into some eminent place of the Citie , where I might as easilie bee hearde , as seene : with a bolde and resolute courage , I would crye out ; Oh men , into what a bottomlesse depth doe you fall ? bestowing all your studie , in scraping riches together for your children : and of those children to whome you would leaue it , you haue not so much as one iust thought or respecte . Quorsum euites hommes , qui omne in comparandis diuitiis vestrum studium ponitis , filior●m verò , quibus ea relinquatis , nullam curam suscipitis ? And truely Crates spake with very great reason . Claudio . Such kinde of men are like to them that take greate care for a close neate shooe , and regard not how much it wringeth or paineth the foote . They are very industrious and carefull to hoorde vp bagges for theyr Sonnes , but what they shoulde most regarde , they least respect : they torment themselues for vaine commings in , but hardly will spend a crowne on a good Schoolemaster , that might bring them vp in holy and vertuous behauiour . Lodouico . Vpon this occasion was it , that Aristippus the Philosopher , grewe into great rage against a father of a familie , who being desirous to haue his sonne vertuously brought vp , found out a maister meete for the purpose . Demaunding of him , what he would de require for his sonnes instruction , the maister answered . Sir , you shall giue me a thousand drachmaes . The couetous father , falling into an inconsiderate admiration , replyed . By God Hercules ( Sir ) you aske too much , with a thousand drachmaes I can goe buy a seruant . Sir , sayd the Philosopher , for this thousand drachmaes , you shall haue two seruants , to weet , him that you would buy , and your sonne to . Claudio . Very wittily answered , seeing no man can be truelie saide to be free , but only he that is vertuous , and by his vertues resisteth all vices whatsoeuer . Which made Plutarch not a little amazed , as may euidently be discerned by this sentence . Canere discunt homines , saltare , & equo insidere , & tamen tanta est mult orum dementia , vt literarum studiis non curent instituendos liberos . Men are apt and diligent to euery thing , except liuing vertuously , and will dispend much in any other matter whatsoeuer , to please and content theyr children : but to traine them vp in vertuous life , which ought to bee theyr verie cheefest endeauoure , thereof they haue no care at all . Lodouico . But Philip king of Macedon , father to Alexander the greate , hee did not so , for when Alexander was borne , hee gaue thankes to the Gods , that his birth happened in the time of Aristotle the excellent Philosopher , who might instruct him , and to whose dilligent care he whollie committed him . It sufficeth brute beastes to haue theyr ordinarie sustenance , not knowing any other good belonging to them : but viands only are not sufficient for man , for his desire stretcheth into hidden vertues , which beautifie and ennoble his minde . They that prouide nothing else for their children , but the goodes of Fortune , which are subiect to all casualties and iniuries of time : doe nourish and bring them vp no otherwise , then as if they were Dogs , Goates , Oxen and such like beastes , whose speciall care is all for victualles , and not for vertue , which sinne ought rather to bee imputed to their parents , then to themselues . Vpon this occasion was it , that Diogenes the Cinick , ( seeing a dissolute boy abuse himselfe in the streete as he went ) knowing the Schoolemaster to whose charge he was committed , calling him aside , hee did well fauoredly beate him , saying : Why hast thou brought vppe this boy no better ? Plutarch he would hauc the Father , mother and master , not onely to giue example to theyr children of not sinning , but likewise to be patterns to them of commendable , good and woorthie actions : to the end , that they ( beholding their children as in a most cleere glasse ) may not onely restraine them from all lewde and wicked attempts , but also forbeare vndecent and dishonest speeches , practising nothing else but deedes of vertue . For , as a weake sucking childe , will receiue any wholesome medicine , beeing mingled by the nurse among his milke : euen so doe children ( by theyr parentes ) apprehende eyther good or euill behauiour . But you haue some Fathers , so nice , and tender in bringing vp theyr children , as ( not to offend or displease them any way ) they leaue their lewde and naughtie qualities vnchastised , & so they grow on in all wickednesse whatsoeuer . Claudio . It fareth with them , as it happened to that mother , whose Sonne ( by some mishappe ) was fallen into the Riuer , and so standing by , seeing him readie to sinke , was afrayde to helpe him , not daring to fasten on his lockes to pulle him foorth , least in so doing shee should hurt him : but stoode fondly crying out in foolish compassion , till her Sonne was vtterly drowned in deede . Or as it befell to Helie , the Prieste and Iudge of the Hebrewe people , who through neglecte of reprehending his two sonnes , was the cause , that God suffered them to bee slaine miserably by the Philistines in war : and himselfe perished by sudden death , falling back from the seate whereon he sate , breaking his neck in the fall . Or as it fortuned to king Dauid , who not reproouing Amnon , for the vnchaste acte committed with his owne sister ( as loath to displease him , because in deede he dearely loued him ) procured God , to let him be slayne by his owne brother Absolon , in the merrie sporting time of a sheep-shearing banquet : and that Absolon should likewise rebell against him , chase him foorth of his owne kingdome : and that Salomon should also become an Idolater , so that all his sonnes ( almost ) dyed miserably . Therefore the holy Ghost sayd well : Qui parcit virgae , odit filium suum : qui autem diligit eum instanter erudit . Lodouico . Such Fathers may be compared to the Iuie , that hugs so close to the tree , and pretending to beautifie and adorne it , winds and writhes it selfe so fast about it , as in fewe moneths it makes it drie and dead . The very like doth that father and mother , that is too nice and fond of their child : with kisses they kill it , with sweete meates they poyson it , and with cockering make it vnapt to any vertuous action . Therefore it was the pleasure of God , that such as were appointed for the seruice of his maiestie , they should be trayned vp from their verie childhoode , in the diuine worship of him , as we may reade in Leuiticus . Hence was it that the wise man sayde : Curua ceruicem filij tui ab adolescentia sua . Bow downe the neck of thy son while he is young . And he giues a reason for the same , in another place of that very Chapter : Equus indomitus euadet durus , & filius remissus euadet praeceps : An vntamed horse will be stubborne , and a wanton child will be wilfull . It is ouerlate to resist the enemie , when hee hath alreadie surprized the Citie : and little auayles it , to cast salt vpon the flesh , that before is putrified . Instruction ( then ) is most needfull for children , and without all doubt , the first vertue that Parentes or Schoolemasters ought to teach youth , is to restrayne the tongues libertie , and to speake vnder correction , and , if we will credit morall Cato , he sayth : Virtutem primam esse put a compescere linguam . The first vertue that a Christian childe shoulde be taught , is to bee silent , or to speake vnder chastisement , which vertue is of such excellencie , as it makes vs neere neighbours , or like vnto God : Proximus ille Deo est qui soit ratione tacere , sayth the same Cato . Dauid in a dialogue which he composed , where the speakers are onely God and himself , falling into questions with the Lord , he saith . Lord , who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle , and who shall rest vpon thy holy mountaine ? The Lord answereth : He that walketh vprightly , and worketh righteousnesse speaketh the truth in his hart , and hath no deceite in his tongue . Heere may be apparantly discerned , how conformably Cato spake with Dauid , considering , that he that thinketh the truth in his heart , and offendeth not with his tongue , he shall dwell neerest vnto God : it is euen all one with his wordes , to weere , hee that refrayneth his tongue , and knowes reason when to be silent , is neere vnto God. Claudio . Nay more , he is like vnto God , for he that speaketh the truth with his mouth , and in his hart thinketh no deceipt , is like vnto God , who is the same truth . Therefore Salomon sayde well , that life and death is in the power of the tongue : because he that delighteth to speak alwaies the truth , is in true life with God , that giueth life to all things : and he that delights in lying and deceipte , is contrarie to God , and so consequently is dead from him : Mors & vita in manu linguae . As , among all things that are to bee desired , there is nothing more affected then life , euen so all our daylie labour and endeauour is the more willingly pursued , for the maintenance of this present life : which we do hold in so deare respect , and are so much enamoured thereof , as although we knowe there is another life , much better and no way subiect to death , yet doth this life so highly please vs , and inexorable death is so horrible to vs , as wee woulde gladly take any paynes whatsoeuer , to transporte vs quickly to that other life , without touch or taste of the sting of death , or depriuation of these earthly goods and spoyles . Oh , we would fayne bee soone cloathed with immortality . If then we would hunt this track with such earnest desire , we should be somewhat mindfull of our tongues custodie , which is the laylor ( as it were ) and keeps the key both of life and death ; with all our harts we should loue the truth , which is the onely occasion of life , and , with the swift celeritie of an Hart , flye from foolish talking , lyes and vaine babbling , the very begetter and nourisher of most horrid and abhominable death . Nam qui sumus in hoc tabernaculo , ingemiscimus grauati , eò quòd nolumus expoliari , sed superuestiri , vt absorbeatur quod mortale est à vita : For indeed we that are in this tabernacle sigh and are burdened , because we would not be vnclothed , but would be clothed vpon , that mortality might be swallowed vp of life , thus spake the Apostle to the Corinthians . If then life and death bee in the hand and power of the tongue , you see what an especiall care should bee had thereof , because in no parte of the bodye can we carie any greater perill of life , then in the tongue , which is the gate ( as it were ) whereby life passeth foorth , and death enters into vs. A bad creditour is this tongue with so rich a treasure , as is the pretious and vnualuable iewell of life : it beeing a member so voluble , soft , vnstable , without boane ( which might giue it more firmenesse ) and hazarding life continuallye to infinite daungers . Well did the Apostle knowe this , when he sayd to the same Corinthians : Habemus autem the saurum istum in vasis fictilibus : But we haue this treasure in earthen vessels . Since then the custos of our soule is so fraile , we goe in dayly dreade of loosing the treasure of celestiall grace . What thing can be more frayle then the mouth ? which by a turne of the tongue , may make shipwrack both of temporall and eternall life ; offending with blasphemies the maiestie of our omnipotente God , and by one iniurious word ( oftentimes it comes to passe ) life is miserably lost : for , a generous minde is more aggreeued at an iniurious word , then is a slaue or villayne by the stroake of a weapon . Lodouico . Perhappes this is the true sense and meaning of that sentence of Salomon , because , in effect , a pleasing word is sweete , and much contents a mans minde , and a bitter sharpe taunte mooues much strife and discorde . So saith he : Responsio mollis frangit iram ; sermo durus suscitat furorem : A soft answere putteth away wrath : but grieuous words stir vp anger . And againe he saith : Lingua placabilis , lignum vitae : quae autem immoderata est , conteret spiritum : A wholesome tongue is a tree of life : but the frowardnes therof is the breaking of the mind . Cain offended God more with his tongue ( denying so presumptuously the diuine mercie : Maior est iniquitas mea , quàm vt veniam merear : My sinne is greater then can be pardoned ) then he did with his hand in killing his brother Abel . For with his tongue he vttered most horrible blasphemic , and with his hand he but committed a murther : with his tongue he offended God , with his hand his neighbour : with his tongue he did contrarie to the first table , with his hand to the second : with his tongue he flatly denyed Gods mercie , with his hand he tooke away vniustly the life of his brother : by his tongue he depriued himselfe of pardon , and by his hand , his brother of life . Claudio . The wicked wretch lyed , because it is proper to God , to pardon , and he neuer chastiseth , but when our obstinacie prouoketh him to iust displeasure . The Church therefore obserueth a good Collect : Deus cui proprium est misereri semper , & parcere , &c. O God whose nature and property is euer to haue mercy and to forgiue , &c. Likewise , by the infinitenesse of his mercy , as by the most effectuall meanes of all : he shewes vnto vs his omnipotencie , ruling and reigning ouer al , and pardoning euery one whatsoeuer , that truely repenteth him of his sinnes . Therefore saith the Church : Deus qui omnipotentiam tuam , parcendo maximè , & miserando manifestas , &c. Worthily therfore did Cain taste the iustice diuine , for denying so impudently the soueraigne mercy thereof . Lodouico . Moreouer , Lucifer fell not from the supreme pole , neyther by auarice , nor gluttonie , nor luxurie , but fell onelye through the proude wordes which hee vttered against God , when hee sayde : I will ascend aboue the height of the cloudes , and exalte my throne beside the starres of God , I will sit vpon the mounte in the congregation of the North , and I will bee like to the most high . Therefore very deseruedly , he that sayd , hee would ascend vp into the highest place , fell downe into the bottomlesse depth , and hee that would needes be like to God himselfe , became a most loathsome and venemous Serpent , that he might no more exalte himselfe aloft . The rich glutton , without doubt had many sinnes , because beeing one giuen and addicted to the pleasures of the bodie , hee could not choose but commit many errors : and among the rest , the Euangelist sheweth , that he was so wretched and inhumane , that hee permitted his very dogges to goe beyond him in compassion , for they licked the sores of the poore begger Lazarus , but himselfe denyed him the very least crumme of bread . He was dedicated to delightes , for euery day hee made sumptuous banquets and daintie feastings . He was proude in his garments : for albeit he was no King , yet notwithstanding he wore royall purple and riche silkes , and although he had not a kingdome to gouerne , yet would he go like a King in his clothing . Neuerthelesse , being cast into the burning flames of hell , he complained of nothing so much , as of his tongue , because therein he suffered insupportable anguishe : so that he begged of good father Abraham ( with maine instantnesse ) nothing else , but that he would send Lazarus to coole his tongue , to dip his finger in colde water , and therewith but touch his burning tongue . The reason hereof ( perhappes ) may be , that hee had committed greater sinnes in talking , then by his eyes in seeing , by his hands in working or playing , or by his mouth in eating . For it is a matter very vsuall at banquets , that there are not so many dishes fedde vpon , or quaffing carowsing glasses drunke off : as liberty of talke passing through the table , dishonest speeches , backbiting of friends & neighbours , and infinite other irkesome annoyances . In warre they can kill no men but such as are present , but at banquets they murder them that are absent : they fley off the very skinnes of the dead , yea , a many yeares after , onely to kill them afresh , and wounde both present and absent persons , with the keene edged sworde of the tongue : Lingua eorum gladius acutus , venenum aspidum dum insanabile , so speakes the Prophet Dauid of the wounding tongue . Therefore well and worthily was the byting tongue of the glutton tormented , more then any other member of his body . And iustly ought the tongue to suffer , which ( as an vnfaithfull retayner of life and death ) permitted death to enter by vnaduised speeches , and banished life away by the selfe same occasion : and deseruedlye is the tongue made vnworthie of pitie , which ( beeing defeated thereof ) coulde crye : Pater Abraham miserere mei , & mitte Lazarum vt intingat extremum digiti eius , & refrigeret linguam meam : Father Abraham , haue mercie on me , and send Lazarus , that he may dippe the tip of his finger in water , and coole my tongue ; a iust recompence , for that which was pleasing to his owne taste , and which hee did denye to miserable Lazarus . Thus therefore may you see it to bee most true ; Vita & mors i● manu linguae , both life and death is in the power of the tongue . Claudio . A populous citie , abounding in all wealth , cannot bee exposed to the subtilties of a besieging enemie , by so manye daungerous and perillous wayes , as is the soule of him that hath no restraynt of his tongue . Sicut vrbs patens , ( saith the wise man ) & absque murorum ambitu : ita vir , qui non potest in loquendo cohibere spiritum suum ; A man that refrayneth not his speeche , is like a City which is broken downe , and without walles . Therfore we haue great reason to say with Dauid : Pone Domine custodiam ori meo , & ostium circumstantiae labiis meis : Set awatch ( O Lord ) before my mouth , & keep the door● of my lips . A citie ( without guarde ) in time of suspicion , stands euermore in daunger , and the man that hath no gouernement of his tongue while he is in this world , can want no enemies , but howrely goeth in perill of his death . The Church commending her spouse , faith in the Canticles : Sicut vitta coccinea labia tuae , & eloquium tuum dulce : Thy lips are like athreed of scarlet , and thy talke is sweete . As if the holy ghost would haue sayd : Because thou delightest me my loue , thy lips are like to ribands of scarlet die , and thence it ensueth , that thy speeche is sweete , euen as if there were milke and honie vnder thy tongue . Lodouico . What similitude hath a riband of scarlet die with the lip ? I vnderstand not this similie . Claudio . It is a goodly similitude , and very commendable vnto our purpose . It was a custome among beautifull young Damosells , with ribands or strings of silke , to gather their locks of hayre together , and make a comely ornament thereof , tressing and plaiting all the scattering stragglers amōg them , to the end they should not hang loosely about their shoulders , but stand very gallātly creasted on the head , and most commonly the band was of the scarlet dye or colour . Now , this was not done for pride , but herein cōsisted their morall signification ; The band of the scarlet die , figured diuine loue , wherwith they bound vp the lippes of the celestiall spouse , to weet , a holy and religious soule , to the end , that from thence should issue foorth no disordered talke or speeche : eyther of wicked enuie , as did Lucifer to Eue : or of proude presumption , as hee also did against God : or of auarice , as did the rich man in the Gospell , who sayde , Anima mea , habes multa bona pofita in annos plurimos : requiesce , comede , bibe , spulare ; My soule , thou hast much goods layed vp for many yeares : liue at ease , eate , drinke and take thy pleasure . Or of vaineglory , as did the Pharisey in the Temple , who vaunted of his prayer and fasting : or of vnchaste inciuilitie , and such like other vices . But all their words were bound together with the band of seruent charitie , and heereof it bare the verie name . By meanes whereof , they placed and ordered their speeches so decently , as the holy spouse might become enamoured of them , & it prooued a very hard matter for them to breake silence , for they remayned as rauished with his diuine voyce : Sonet vox tua in auribus meis , vox enim tua dulcis . Let me hear thy voyce , for they voyce is sweete . But the indiscreete man , that hath not this ligament to staye his lippes : speakes , and afterwarde thinkes thereon , whence ( often ) ensueth repentaunce for so rash speaking . This band is a most excellente restraynte , least the tongue shoulde erre at randome , and it is a thing very highly pleasing to God , when the tongue vttereth no immodest speeches , but such as are full of heauenlye loue , to the honour of his name , to the edification of our neighbour , and profitable to whosoeuer shall conuerse with vs : for the lippes beeing bounde vp in this manner , are at heauenlye libertye , and frees the soule from all anguishes whatsoeuer , according to the wise mans saying ; Qui custodit os suum , & linguam suam , custodit ab angustiis animam suam ; He that keepeth his mouth and his tongue , keepeth his soule from destruction . Lodouico . It is so certainely . Oh in how many perilles , and in how many narrowe straytes , doth hee finde himselfe , that hath no bridle for his tongue , in whose power remayneth both life & death ? Saint Augustine , vpon the Psalmes , saith , That they were more faultie , who crucified Christ with their tongues , crying ; Crucifie him , Crucifie him , then they that were guilty of his death , or they that fixed him fast to the Crosse with nayles : for they had not fastned him to the Crosse with theyr handes , till the other had first crucified him with theyr tongues . And hence ( perhaps ) ensued the difference betweene the Euangelistes , about the houre of Christes crucifying : for Saint Mark sayth , that when the ministers crucified Iesus it was the third houre : Erat autemhoratertia , & crucifixerunt cum . Neuerthelesse S. Iohn sayth : Erat autem ferè hora sexta . But the resolution is this , that from the third houre , the Iewes crucified him with their deuilish tongues , desiring of Pylate , that hee would let him bee crucified , and at the sixt houre , they made him fast with nayles to the Crosse . Claudio . Oh detestable tongues , tongues more sharpe then nayles : Lingua eorum gladius acutus : because they pearced further , then the other had power to penetrate . Many sinnes had the Babylonians , after they became Idolaters worshipping the Image Bell. Proude were they that by a Tower would ascend vp to heauen , as if it were to take the kingdome from God himselfe : they were heretiques in thinking to make resistance against God , and by that exalted tower to escape from death . Notwithstanding , God inflicted no other punishment vppon them , but set a deuision of diuers languages among them , so that one vnderstoode not what another sayde : but in the tyme of theyr building , if one called for water , hee shoulde haue stones brought him , and when hee woulde haue stones , then they woulde bring him lyme . God could haue chastised them in diuers other degrees , but it pleased him onelye to deuide them by theyr tongues : as beeing ( perhappes ) more offended at the proude words they vttered , then with the tower which they builded , and surely they dishonored God more in theyr speeches , then they could doe with theyr manuall labour . Venite , faciamus nobis ciuitatem , & turrim , cuius culmen perting at vsque ad coelum , & celebremus nomen nostrum , antequam diuidamur in vniuersas terras . Come , let vs build vs a cittie and a 〈◊〉 , whose top may reache vnto the heauen ; that we may get vs a name , least we be scattered vpon the whole earth . If God should alway chastise the murmuring tongue against his glory , in this manner : men would be far greater louers of silence then they are , and better a duised in theyr speaking . Finis Cap. 2. The Argument . Heere are deliuered many examples of worthy men , true affecters of silence : And in this Chapter , they discourse on the fower excellent qualities of silence , and how they do adorne a man ; a very sweet and profitable Dialogue , for such as desire to talke discreetly . Chap. 3. LODOVICO . Silence in time beseeming seeming it , is much more prays-worthie , then a choysely deckt Oration , because to speake with an adorned , polished and smoothe stile , is the office of a Rhetorician : but to talke according to apt time and place , is the apparant signe of a wise man. Therefore very wittily answered Acaticus the Philosopher , to such as demaunded of him , what was the reason why he spake so little in the frollique season of a costly banquet : I haue consumed much more time ( quoth he ) in learning to know when I should be silent , then to speake curiously , and vpon no occasion . And Omulus was woont to say ; when thou entrest into an other mans house , shewe thy selfe more ready to dumbnesse and deafnesse then to talk or babbling , and couet to heare the deeds of others : because he that is talke atiue , offendeth many eares , but he that receiues example by other folkes murmuring , may take the lesse occasion of sinning . S. Hierome wrote , Non esset murmurator , si de esset auditor . Claudio . There is no higher philosophie in the world , then to be silent , and know how to restrayne the tongue : which the more glib and ready it is to moouing , so much the sooner it becomes a sower of discords . When Iob spake , his speeches were in the anguish of his soule , as one that was a deare friend to silence , for thus saith hee : Loquar in amaritudine animae meae : I will speake in the bitternesse of my soule . And this is an especiall grace which God bestowes vppon his dearest children , that albeit in speech they cannot master men , yet by silence ( saith Plutarch ) they come neer vnto God. Thomas Aquinas , a great Doctor of the Church , was such a louer of silence and taciturnitie , as his Schollers were wont to tearme him the dumbe Oxe . He holding conclusions in the presence of Albertus Magnus his master , to the amazement of all the by-standers , beeing very profounde in learning , as also short and sententious in his answers : his Master thus presaged of him ; thou shalt hencefoorth Thomas bee called the dumbe Oxe . But yet this Oxe , when he saw his time , made so lowde a bellowing , as it was heard almost the whole world ouer : and yet his voyce is audibly heard vniuersally in the Schooles , as a Father of greate reading and worthy memorie . I reade of Agatonus a learned man , who for thirtie yeares space , caried continually a stoane in his mouth , only for instruction how to hold his peace . Theodanas like wise a religious Father , it is written of him that thirty years together he was silent : not because he knew not how to speake ( for he was most skilfull in the Latine , Greeke & Hebrew ) but in regard he very wel knew , how many inconueniences do proceed from the tongue . Lodouico . I call to mind ( very aptly for this purpose ) how I haue read in the holy Scripture , that God expresly commaunded : Vas quod non habuerit operculum , necligaturam desuper , immundum erit : The vessels that be open , and haue no couering fastned vpon them , shall be vncleane . This law god made , because what vessel soeuer , that had no couerture , or not bound aboue with some cloth or paper : it could not choose but be the receptacle of al vncleannesse , flyes would get into it , dust would fill it , and it could containe no liquor , but it would corrupt it . Much more then should wee be carefull of the vessell of our heart , which is in the vpper part of our bodie , to weet , the mouth : if that bee not kept close : it will soone become a receptacle for deuilles , for vayne thoughts and all other filthinesse . And if it be not bound with some scarlet band , whereof we haue already spoken a little before , restraining and busying our lippes in holy reasonings , and vertuous exercises , which may be to the glory of God , and our neighbours edification : the heart will be ( as in a vessell of vncleannesse ) most filthy and to Gods eyes very abhominable , the lips will vtter nothing else but detractions , murmurings and blasphemies , and the mouth shall bee as a forge for all vilenesse , a stinking sepulcher of corruption . Dauid speaking of the like vncleane mouth , saith : Sepulchrum patens est guttur eorum , linguis suis dolose agebant : Their throate is an open sepulcher , and they flatter with their tongues . It behooueth vs then , to close the vpper part aboue , of this vessell of our heart , which is our tongue : least it fall to bee vncleane , and loose the little goodnesse remayning in it , before it bee filled vppe with the dust of vanitic . Claudio . The onely best couerture for this vessell , is silence , which is the guarde of the conscience , a bridle from insolence , the beautie of innocence , and a signe of sapience . Silence is the guarde or watchman of the conscience , because ouerlauish talking cannot be without some defect : In multiloquio non deeru peccatum , saith the wise man : In many words there cannot want iniquitie . And as that treasure cannot bee safe , which is in a chest without a keye : euen so the vnualuable riches of grace and vertue , haue no securitye in an immoderate man of speeche , for very quicklie is the conscience offended . In the time of warre , men gladly will abide in the Citie well walled , furnished with artillerye , and strongly guarded with Souldiers : euen so a wise man makes known his security in the strong castle of God , which is walled round about with silence . Lodouico . Assuredly , whosoeuer doth but obserue the great workmanship of the tongue , may almost cōpare it to a city or a very strōg Castle , wanting neither able wals , munited rampires , & very artificial counterskarfes . For it is bound together with very strong nerues , after the manner of a city wel foundationed , seated alost in the cheefest part of the body , enuironed with teethe , as if they were so manie armed Souldiers , kept in with the lippes , as strong defensiue Bulwarkes : but if the keye of silence wante , then all is in vayne . Therefore sayde the Prophet Esay : In silentio & in spe ●rit fortitudo vestra . In quietnesse & in hope shal be your strength . In silence and hope , because they that obserue the diuine precepts , awaiting in patience and firme hope , without any murmuring : the heauenly bounty wil fortifie them in such maner , as no disasters shal ouercome them . Epaminondas a most excellent painter , was a man curious enough in seeing of the world , but very sparing of his speech : who being vrged by the Rhodians , & very earnestly intreated , that he would tell them what excellent and worthy things , in his voyages by Sea , & trauailes on the land he had seene , answered them very wisely . I haue sayled by Sea two yeares ( quoth hee ) to learne how to catch fish : I haue abode sixe yeares in Asia , to learne the art of painting , and eight yeares I liued in Athens , to learne how to hold my peace . And I tell you of a truth , that I haue not gained so much by fishing and painting , as silence onely hath been beneficiall to me , therfore ( I pray you ) trouble me not with talking . Claudio . This painter , without knowledge ( perhaps ) what the conscience was , kept it well enough by the gift of silence . Now to follow the order already begun , in prayse of this vertue , it is secondly the bridle of insolence . You know , that on goodly and worthy horses , they vse to bestow costly bridles : but on Iades , or such as are of no esteeme , a halter or horse coller is sufficient to hold him withall . Euen so iust men , ennobled by theyr vertues ( who beare Christ the Monarche of the world by theyr obedience , of whom the wise man saith ; Anima iusti sedes est sapientiae : ) they haue in theyr mouthes the bridle of silence , wherwith they check al vnprofitable speeches , & are guided by the way of vertue , forsaking indiscreet & vnseemely language , doing according to the saying of Salomon : Verbis tuis facito stateram , & fraenos ori tou rectos : weigh thy words in a ballance , and make a sure bridle for thy mouth . Lodouico . If Prince Pitheus had had this bridle in his mouth , he neuer had so obscured his victories by vnaduised talking , as Plinie sheweth in one of his Epistles : for this is the common bane of ouermuch prating , The words of such men are little credited . What more famous Oratour euer liued , then Cicero , an especiall friende to his countreys common wealth ? Yet Marke Anthonie caused him at length to be slayne , for no other occasion , as is sayd , but onely the wāt of this bridle , else had he not so wretchedly ended his dayes . The horse hauing the bridle in his mouth , can eate no kind of prouēder , nor bite any beast neer him : euen so , the man that hath the bridle of silence , cannot bite his neighbours good fame , nor cōtaminate the eares of others with lewde speeches . Phormio the Philosopher fledde the concourse of men , especiallie the Monkes of Aegypt , making his abode altogether in the deserts , and beeing demaunded the reason thereof , hee returned this answere . Beastes do offend men , either by biting with theyr teeth , smiting with theyr hornes , or kicking with theyr feet : But men iniurie one another , by theyr eyes gazing or staring ; theyr heartes daungerouslie contriuing ; theyr fistes walking ; theyr feet pursuing ; and theyr tongues defaming . Therefore it is better liuing harmelesse , among b●ute beasts in the woddes , then among euill tongues ( helpelesse ) in the walled citie . Claudio . We see then that silence is the only meanes to escape these euills , for first it is not only the watchman of the conscience , secondly , the bridle of insolence , but thirdly it is the beauty or glory of innocence , preseruing vs from offending both God and our neighbour . Valerius Maximus , In his seauenth booke and eleuenth chapter declareth , that Xenocrates the Chalce donian Academicke Philosopher , Scholler with Aristotle to Plato , perceiuing himselfe to bee present at a serious arguing , where was much babbling and offensiue speeches : he sate him downe , and spake neuer a word at all . And being asked , why in such an especiall time of conference , he sate thus silent among so many , discreetely thus he replyed . Because I haue diuers times repented me for talking , but it neuer greeued me that I held my peace : Quia dixisse me altquando poenituit , taeuisse ver● nunquam . Lodouico . The wise man speaketh little , but a foole opens his mouth without iudgement : drie wood without moisture , makes a far greater noyse in burning , then that which is greene : a vessell empty , soundes alowde being smit on , but one that is full , makes no noyse at all : So he that hath little wit in his head , it is no maruaile if hee be heard lowde enough ; but the wise man , that knowes what inconuenience attends on the tongue , he weighs euery word in the ballance , before he will let them passe his lippes . For , as the Prophet Esay sayth : Cultus iustitiae silentium : The beauty of iustice is quietnesse . If then the ornament of iustice be silence , and the honour of a iust man consisteth therein : it may easily appeare , in what estate they are that talke at large and indiscreetly . Claudio . Of talkeatiue men there is no more account made , then of vniust men . And hence it may bee the Philosopher grounded his reason , when it was tolde him that a prating fellowe had spoken euil of him , he made answere , That he cared not : for , quoth he , Auditus debet esse robustior lingua , cùm singulis hominibus sint singul●● linguae , & aures binae : The eare should be stronger then the tongue , for euery man hath two eares , & but one tongue . This is a lesson for many , to heare much , and speake but little , because we speake but with one tongue , and heare with two eares . Wherefore a Philosopher reprooued verie well a great talker , in these verses following . Cùm nihil auscultes , sed plurima vana loquaris , Vna tibi melius auris , quàm or a duo . Nam geminas aures nobis Deus , os dedit vnum ; Nos audire decet plurima , pauca loqui . Lodouico . Lastly , this moderate silence is the signe or badge of wisedome , which made holy Iob saye to his friendes : vtinam taceretis , vt putaremini esse sapientes : I would you would be silent , that you might be accounted wise . When the water in a flood or riuer is deepe , it maketh no lowde noyse , but where it is shallowe , it runneth with the more audible murmure . Therefore it was woont to bee sayde , that the little perling brooke ranne with a farre more delicate noyse , then the deepe channell : whereby wee may gather , that the deeper a man is grounded in learning , so much the more hee sauoureth of silence . And so sayeth Salomon in his Prouerbes : Aqua profunda verba ex ore sapientis viri : The wordes of a wise mans mouth , are like deepe waters , therefore where is much prating , there can bee but little prudence . There is a saying vsed ( almost ) generally through the world , when wee see a man of many wordes , we say , he hath more wordes then monie . Which prouerb was receiued from Salomon , for he affirmeth . Vbiplurima sunt verba , ibi frequenter egestas : where many wordes are , there wante attendeth . Claudio . Vndoubtedly it is so . For a poore traffiquer passing through a citie , with his poore stocke of commodities , stepping vp on a bulke , hauing a garment on his backe hardlye worth three pence , may prate and chat there long enough , but no body respects eyther him or his trinkets . A rich merchants case is quite contrary , he shal scarsely need to open his mouth , but they will intreate him to let them haue his cōmodities . So fares it with the head that hath litle wit in it , the tongue of such a one is euer gadding , therefore the prince of the Peripatecians saide : Adpauca respicientes , de facili denunciant ; a wise man hath none but well weighed words : Aquae Siloe currūt cum silentio . Lodouico . It sufficeth then , that the fewe wordes of a wise man , are farre more acceptable then the braying of a foole , whereupon the wise man sayde : Verba sapientium audiuntur eum silentio , plus quàm clamor Principis inter stultos : The wordes of the wise are more hearde in silence , then the crye of him that ruleth among fooles . The breuitie of speeche hath beene alwayes more gratious , then tedious prolixitie : but in these our dayes , it is most of all esteemed , and thereon hath risen the prouerbe : Gaudent breuitate moderni : for the cheefest grace consisteth not in multitude of words , but in speaking little & with wisedome , wherupon the Poet wrote , Scire loqui decus est , decus est & scire tacere , Haec duo si poteris scire , peritus eris . If the Oratour be breefe , it is much commended in him , and this breuitye rayseth a new desire in his audience to heare him againe : but if he be vngratious , presently euery one sayth , God bee praised , that yet he hath ( at last ) found the way out of his il-pleasing argumēt . So that a man cannot deceiue himself by vsing few words : for by prolixe arguing , the verye perfectest Oratour may appeare tedious . There came to a king of our time , two Embassadours , and the first of them made a long and tedious Oration , so that the king turned & shifted himself many times about in his Chayre as he sate , onely beeing wearied with so large a circumstance . At last , when himselfe pleased , he came to a conclusion , not without greate maruaile in the by-standers , who admired not a little at the great patience of the king . Now while he prepared to heare the other , fearing mightily he woulde fall into the former mans faulte : this second Embassadour , beeing no lesse tyred with the others talke , then the king himselfe was , honourably spake these fewe lynes following . Sacred Maiesty , this my companion hath dwelt so long vpon his Oration , as there remaynes nothing else forme to saye : but onely to exhort your highnesse , to graunte what hee hath required in his speeche , for our good and your owne : otherwise , expect an Oration as long againe . Highly was the king pleased with this second Oratour , and falling into a princely smile , tooke order : that whatsoeuer the first Embassadour had desired , should bee foorthwith executed , to cut off all occasion of any more hearing him . Claudio . Not much vnlike to this Oratour , was the Embassador sent from the Abderites , to Agis king of Lacedaemon , who making likewise ( before that state ) a very long Oration , at last required an answer to his Embassie , whereto the king thus gratiously replyed . Returne home to Thrace , and tell the men of Abdera , that you stood so long vpon your Oration , as I had no time left to make answer to it . Verily , so long a tale ( without wisedome ) is not to bee so much wondred at , as that he to whome God hath giuen legges to walke away , will yet sit still to listen such friuolous babbling . Finis Cap. 3. The Argument . Herein is handled , which is the hardest matter for a man , either silence or speaking . And to this purpose eache one alleageth seuerall reasons , with many examples out of the auncient Philosophers , as also authorities out of the sacred Scriptures : they shew likewise , many inconueniences which arise by the tongue . A discourse very excellent , curious and sententious . Chap. 4. LODOVICO . In regarde of what hath beene saide alreadie , I hold it much better sometimes to bee silent , then talke with tediousnesse to the hearers , and no credite at all to the speaker : but men are commonly so addicted to their owne priuate conceites , that they thinke themselues to suffer greate violence , if they talke not . Claudio . In your iudgement then , which do you hold as the hardest matter for a man , to talke , or to hold his peace ? Lodouico . It is as difficult a thing to open the mouth well , as it is to know , how to close it againe : because wee finde fair silence as commendable , as is the verie comliest speaking . Dauid called very instantly to the Lord : Pone domine custodiam orimeo , & ostium circumstantiae in labijs meis : Set a watch O Lord before my mouth , and keepe the doore of my lips . At an other time he prayed : Domine labia mea aperies , & os meum annunciabit laudem tuam : Open thou my lips O lord , and my mouth shall shew foorth thy praise . Againe he sayde : Os meum aperui & attraxi spiritum : I opened my mouth and panted . And another time , dumbely as it were : Ego autem sicut mutus non aperiens os suum : I am as a dumbe man that openeth not his mouth . And the reason of all this was : because it is as harde to speake well , as it is to bee silence : Tempus tacendi , & tempus loquendi . He that would not faile in his speaking , should pray vnto the Lord that he would first inspire him with what he should say , and afterward he may the boldlier speake : learne first to bee silent , and then prectise how to talke . So did holy Dauid , he prayed in silence to the Lord , that he would instruct him what he should say , and the Lord answered him : Dilataos tuum , & implebo illud . What can we otherwise gather heereby , but that questionlesse , it is as great a labour to speake well , as likewise it is to bind the tongue to silence , beeing naturally as procliue to talking , as the eyes to seeing , the feete to walking , and the hands to working ? This great paine of ours in silence or speaking , Salomon declared , when he said : Omnis lab or hominis in ore cius : All the labour of a man , is for his month . Claudio . What labour is it for a man to holde his peace ? Let him but keepe close his mouth , and it sufficeth . Sayeth not Ouid : Quis minor est autem , quam tacuisse labor ? To talke well , is another manner of matter : it behoueth the Oratour to busie himselfe not a little , in searching his topicks , for neate tearmes , quaint course , significant wordes and proportionate conceites , to amplifie and adorne his Oration , least it come short of his hearers lyking . For this purpose were so many Schooles erected , of Grammer , Rhetorique and Philosophie , not onely to teache an order in discourse without error : but also how a man should hold his peace , wherein there needs no other study or paines , but only closing of the mouth . Lodouico . But this closing of the mouth , is as laboursome , as it is to speake , and harder too . I denye not , that for comely speaking , good studie is requisite , and onelye learned wise men knowe that course of speaking : but I tell you againe , that absolutelye it is a more difficult thing to bee silent , then to talke . We see such as are dumbe , to labour themselues much by signes because they cannot retayne the motion of nature , hindered by the tongue : therefore they make a shift with gestures , such as in the tongue are meerelye forbidden . Conceptum sermonem tenere , quis poterit ? Who can withholde himselfe from speaking ? sayd Eliphaz the friend of Iob. Who can refrayne his tongue , and not thrust foorth the conceite of his minde ? surelye no man ( I thinke ) without greate difficultie . Such is the power of nature , gadding to sound the thoughts of others , as it is able to make the dumbe to speake , if we dare credit the opinion of Herodotus . For he telles vs , that Atys the Son to Croesue king of Lydia , hauing neuer spoken before in al his life time , so soone as he saw one lift vp his armed right hand , to take away the life of his father , vpon the surprizing of the city , so much preuayled the natural instinct of speaking , ( accompanied with greefe and childlike pittie , which gathered strength to breake the controwling ligament , that till then had denyed the passage of speeche ) that crying out alowde , he sayd : Oh deare Father , take heed . Conceptum sermonem tenere , quis poterit ? Claudio . This perhaps may be more attributed to the loue of a Son to his father , and the intire respect of his iniuried begetter , then to the voluntarie torrent of nature . Lodouico . Both to the one and other may we most truly refer it , because both the one and other are of like equality in power : yet we may rather conduce it to the violent torrent , in the very swiftnesse of his course , then to the conceite of the mind , the other beeing the way-gate for passage of speeche . Philippides the Poet was very gratious in the eye of Prince Lysimachus , so that he offered to graunt him whatsoeuer he would desire of him , and would needs vrge him to request some thing : the Poet replyed . I desire nothing , in reward or gratitude of all my paines , but only that you would neuer acquaint me with any of your secrets . A man is euer so forwarde in disclosing his conceytes , that Architas the Tarentine sayde : If one were in heauen , to consider the beauty of the starres , the wandering order of the Planets , the variable influences of the celestiall spheares , and the goodly disposition of the inferiour creatures ; all these would seeme nothing sweete vnto him , except he had a kind companion , with whom he might confer vpon them . Conceptum sermonem tenere , quis potest ? It is such a hard thing to keepe silence , that although there was a law among the Lydians , that such , as talked ouermuch , should be eyther condemned to the Gallyes , or learne with others to practise silence for a certayne time : yet more woulde willingly goe rowe for many yeares on the Seas , then conuerse among the Citizens to learne silence , this dooth Plutarch testifye to vs. Quintilian wrote : Nullam difficiliorem esse puto , quàm tacendi virtutem : There is no vertue more paynefull to be followed , then silence , this silence is a maruellous harde matter . Tiberius taught a talkeatiue Senatour silence , for the space of a whole yeare together : but to behold his antique tricks & behauiour , was admirable , for he did more harme by his nods and foolish becks then others did by talking to him : such strong impressure suffered naturall vse , as gestures seemed odious , in regard of the tongue , & were sufficient to haue softned the seuerity of Caesar : which being so , Conceptum sermonem tenere , quis potest ? Mydas had the eares of an Asse , as the Poets tell vs , but he couered them so cunningly vnder his royal crowne , with a fine nightcap , as none knew his monstrous deformity saue only his Barber , who was prohibited from disclosing it , vpon the seuere penalty of death . But he , being not able to withstand the naturall enforcement of reuealing the same , went into a hollow caue of a forrest , and there he cryed alowd many times to himself , Mydas king of Phrigia hath the eares of an Asse . Of the holy Apostles themselues it is written , that they could not retaine within them , the high celestiall secrets , reuealed to them by the holy ghost , and Christ himselfe : Non possumus quae vidimus , & audiuimus non loqui : For we cannot but speake the things which we haue heard and seene . Howbeit , it is a higher mysterie in the Saints : & this which in the Apostles was a vertue , to other is giuen by naturall instinct . How can an Organe but sound , the bellowes feeding it with breath , & the Organists fingers playing vpon it ? Non possumus quae vidimus , & audiuimus non loqui : it is not possible to bee silent , but only by the especiall grace of God. Claudio . Silence is no greater a gift of God , then speaking with wisedome , and the flowing eloquence in the Apostles , was the work of the holy ghost , not the heate of Nature . But albeit silence is such a hard imposition , yet a wise man findes it no difficultye at all in him , who by the compasse of reason measures all his wordes . Lodouico . Alas my Lorde , doe you not know , that Salomon himselfe was of my mind , reputing it so impossible a thing to order the talking tongue , that he sayd : Domini est gubernare linguam : The answer of the tongue is of the Lord. Claudio . This saying , that God onely hath the gouernement of the tongue , approues not so much the difficulty of silence , but likewise of speaking . And if so many examples by you alleaged , may make men beleeue , that it is a matter almost impossible for a man to hold his peace : I can produce as many men more , who not only haue spoken little , but ( in a manner ) haue beene alwayes silent . Moreouer , some of those men by you rehearsed , were takē for indiscreet persons and worthy of reprehension , and namely Eliphaz , who sayd , Conceptum sermonem tenere quis potest ? But they whom I will speak of , were men of wisedome , & worthy of prayse , as already we haue deliuered many others . You reade of Pambus the Abbot , a man of great holinesse , who by the same of his goodnesse , procured a reuerend Bishoppe to come and visite him : but in all the time of his beeing with him , hee would not speak one word . His attendāts taking it in very euil part , imputed it to him as inciuility , discurtesie and vnmanlinesse , to be silent in a time so much beseeming speech . The patient man sayde vnto them : My sonnes , I could neuer read a better lesson , nor learne at any time a dostrine more profitable , then to be silent . And of this mind hee still continued , vntill it pleased the Lord to send for him . Socrates wrote a booke , wherein nothing else was read or taught , but onely silence . If there were Schooles in the city , for instruction of silence , how many would quickly learne to speake very eloquently ? Then all iangling , corrupt talking , murmuring , detracting , blaspheming and lying , would soone cease . He knowes not how to speake , that knowes not how to be silent , so sayd Socrates to his Schollers . But Plutarch is repugnant to Socrates , for in his booke de educatione liberorum , hee hath set downe : That he which talkes little hath need of a little reading . As the vessell is knowne by the sound to be full or emptie : so by talking is a wise man and a foole discerned . Aquae Siloe currunt cum silentio . Iob spake once , and repented himselfe ; Vuum loquutus sum , quod vtinam non dixissem , & alterum , quib us vltrà non adam . Manum meam ponam super os meum , because talking giues a signe of lightnesse , as himselfe confesseth , for if he had held his peace , then he had wanted the cause of repentance . Qui leuiter loquutus sum , respondere quid possum ? Dauid ( as already hath bin declared ) to receiue no cause of repentance by speaking , prayed the Lord to set a watch before his mouth . And Iob councelled his friends to silence , because they might appeare to be wise : Vtinam taceretis , vt putaremini sapientes . If then silence be so commodious for a foole , to keepe his follie from discouerie : howe much more is it beneficiall for a wise man ? Lodouico . Taciturnitie is very necessarie in a foole , for manifesting his follie : but in a wise man contrarily is speeche necessary , for apparancie of his wisedome : otherwise , how could it bee knowne which is wisest , if both hold their peace ? Claudio . The foole holdes his peace , onely to seeme wise , but the discreete man doth it , because he is so indeede . As sweete liquor beeing put into an vncouered vessell , looseth his perfection , and the goodnesse therof quite vanisheth , as apparātly may be noted in wine : euen so a man of a many words , who hath his mouth still open to talking , looseth the sweet sauour of deuotion , & the goodnesse of al perfection vanisheth quite from him . Seneca sent sundry writings , & many books ful of great learning to Lucullus : but last of al he sent a letter , registred in the fift booke of his Epistles , & it is the 40 : where he writes , that the sum of all he had so learnedly set downe , was , that he willed him to be slowe in speaking : Summa ergo summarum haec est , tardiloquum te esse iubeo . Vincentio Belnacens , of the order of Preachers , sets downe in his looking Glasse , that being asked by Felix the Doctor , if he shoulde praise his neighbour or no , answered , like a louer of silence : that it was good to praise him , but much better to hold his peace . The reason hereof I guesse to be this , that because it often happeneth , by the mutability of a mans mind , if once we haue commended a man , it may fall out afterward , the same person may commit some act worthy of reprehension , and sufficient to disgrace the former prayse : therefore I iudge it better to commend a mans neighbour after he is dead , when neyther hee that prayses , may be taxed of flatterie , nor the partye praised ( by the blemish of elation ) may bee further tempted . And Salomon speaketh to the same purpose : Ante mortem ne laudes hominem quemquam , quoniam in filiis suis agnoscitur vir : Iudge no man blessed before his death , for a man shall bee knowne by his children . And againe : Non laudaueris hominem in vita sua ; Commend not a man in his life time . Euen as if hee woulde haue sayde , A man is so vnstable by nature , that hee hath no certainty , therefore least those praises bestowed on him at any time , should fall afterwarde into check and reprehension : I hold it best , not to commende him while hee is liuing , because hee may committe some act deseruing blame , and obscure thereby all the former prayses . Wherfore it is best commending , when there is no perill that one action may contrary another , which is , after death , when euery thing is secure and out of danger ; when he hath attained the long wished port ; when he is certain of triumph ; when neither ( for passed occasions ) there is any greeuing , nor feare of misfortune , by any thing that can happen . Let it suffice then , that it is better to be silent , then talkeatiue , and as easie is silence to a wise man , as taciturnity is difficult to a foole : therfore it shal very well become vs , to make bars & doores for our mouthes , to open & shut at meet times , for feare of fayling , according as the wise man saieth : Fac ori tuo ostium & seram : Make a door and a bar , and a bridle for thy mouth . Lodouico . In such manner ( belike ) was silence figured by our elders . If Eua & Lucifer had had this bar neither the one nor other had vttered such lyes against the diuine honor as they did : Eua in weening to beguile the diuine commandement , and Lucifer in thinking to abate the greatest glory by his foolish presuming . She could tel the deuil , that God had commanded , that not only they should not eate of the Apple , which he vrged to her , but much lesse , they should not haue the boldnesse to touch it , least they died . And the other audaciously affirmed against the diuine precept , that they should not dye at all , but presently become as Gods , knowing both good and euill : Ne quaquā morte moriemini sed eritis sicut Dii , scientes bonū & malum . If they had bin mute & silent , much better had it bin both for them and vs. Claudio . A greater lye was that of the woman , then the other of the deuill , for the woman was the inuentresse of lying , and taught it the deuill . The deuill went but to tempt the woman , when hee sayde : Cur praecepit vobis Deus vt non comederetis ex omni ligno paradisi ? As yet the deuill had vttered no lye at all . But the woman answered , and in her answere toulde two seuerall lyes . De fructu lignorum quae sunt in paradiso , vescimur . De fructu ver● ligni , quod est in medio Paradisi , praecepit nobis Deus ne comederemus : we eate of the fruits of the trees of the Garden . But of the fruit of the tree , which is in the midst of the Garden , God hath said ; Ye shall not eate of it . Hitherto she spake truth , but presently after these words , followed two lyes : Et ne tangaremus illud ; neither shall ye touch it , there is one ; Ne fortè moriamur ; least that ye dye , there is the second . For God commaunded not , but that they might touch the fruite of the tree , onely his charge was , that they should not taste thereof . Neyther did God put death to the transgressours for touching , in the precept , but absolutely sayd : In quacunque enim dic comederis ex eo , morte morieris : In the day thou eatest thereof , thou shalt dye the death . The deuill hearing , and fastening hold vpon these two lyes ; of himselfe ( like a good scholler ) he ioynes two worser vnto them : one , in denying death named to the offenders , the other , in making promise of a diuinitie : Nequaquam moriemini , there is the first ; sed eritis sicut dit , ther 's the second . Thus became the woman Schoolemistresse to the deuill , and from these two persons ( as from a fountaine ) sprung all other lyes by imitation . Lodouico . If they had bin silent , much better had their condition beene , and such a pernicious euill had neuer beene instructed to vs. Claudio . But if such harme doe ensue by the tongue , wherefore did God then bestowe it vpon man ? and why did Christe restore the dumbe to speeche ? Had it not beene much better for vs , to haue beene borne dumbe , then by hauing a tongue , to put our selues in perill , of committing therewith a thousand guilty sins ? Lodouico . Because as much good as euill may come by the tongue , according to the vse thereof : therefore the tongue may be compared to riches , which are good and naught , according to the vse & abuse . Therfore sayd Christ : De sermonibus tuis iustificaberis , & de sermonibus tuis condemnaberis : By thy words thou shalt be iustified and by thy words thou shalt be condemned . Hence was it ( as I thinke ) that Dauid called the tongue a sword : Lingua eorum gladius acutus : Their tongue is a sharpe sworde . The sword is a weapon offensiue and defensiue , according to the vse : ( not as the Mo●iō , shirt of maile or Corslet , which are armes only defensiue ) and so is the tongue good or euill , as it is vsed . We haue already saide , that the wiseman is like a couered vessel , which lets not fly from him , or vainely breatheth foorth the liquor of discretion . Quasi vas auri solidum , ornatum omni lapide pretioso . The foole is like a vessell too , but there are some vessells of honour , others of ignominy , some most noble , others vituperous , according as their vses are : euen so is it with the tongue , good & bad , according as it is wrought withal , the empty & foolish are vessels , but broken ones , loosing all , & not knowing how to retaine the licquor of wisedome . So spake the holy spirit hy Salomon : Cor fatui quasi vas confractum , & omnem sapientiam non tenebit . The Prophet Dauid in one of his Psalmes , calles the tongue the pen of a ready writer . The penne is an instrument for writing , which being put into the hand of a skilfull scribe , makes a fayre character : but in the hand of a bad writer , makes a letter loathsome to be lookt on . Lingua mea calamus scribae velociter scribentis . With the pen may be written both good and euill : the holy ghost moouing the penne of our tongue , it writes in the hearts of the faithfull , the wordes of eternall life : but beeing guided by the hand of a wicked sinner , it makes brutish letters , of lying , slaundering , blaspheming and euill speaking . One friend hauing inuited another to sup with him , he commanded his seruant , that he shoulde goe buy the very best thing in the market , to make his supper the more honorable . He went , and according to the charge of his master , he bought a tongue , which beeing brought home to the house , the master fell into choller , and because hee had dallyed with him diuerse times so before , hee sayde vnto him . Thou euer doest the contrary to what I commaund thee , I charged thee to buy the best thing in the market , and see , thou hast bought the woorst , neuer fulfilling what I enioyne thee to doe : therefore since thou takest a delight in thwarting mee , goe buy the woorst thing that is to bee solde in the market . The seruaunt went agayne , and bought an other tongue , whereat the master chafing much more , the seruant said ( and I thinke it was Aesope ) There is nothing better or worse in the whole world , then the tongue , which is the cause both of much good , and much euill : a sentence not so excellent as true , and agreeable to that of the wise man , Vità & mors in manibus linguae . Seeing then the tongue is the cause of much good , to that end God gaue it : but as it is the meane of many euilles , it ought to bee bridled , and talke but at due times . Homo sapiens tacebit vsque ad tempus : lasciuus autem & imprudens non seruabit tempus : A wise man will hold his tongue till be see opportunity : but a foole and a trifler will regard no time . Multi ceciderunt in ore gladij , sed non sic quasi interierunt per linguam suam : There be many that haue perished by the edge of the sword , but not so many as haue fallen by the tongue . And so discoursing on stil of the wicked tongue , that it hath broken downe strong cities ; ouerthrowne the houses of Princes ; driuen nation from nation ; depressed the strength of the people , and telling an infinite number of euilles more , at last he sayth for a conclusion : Mors illius mors nequissima , & vtilis potius infernus quam illa : The death thereof is an euill death , hell were better then such a one . Could he speake worse , what a wretched thing then is a wicked tongue ? Flagelli plaga liuorem facit , plaga autem linguae comminuit ossa : The stroke of the whip maketh markes in the flesh , but the stroake of the tongue breaketh the boanes . As many other goodnesses do ensue , by the tongue of a iust & prudent man , whose sweetnesse cannot be declared . It is a heauēly thing to heare the delicate sound of musicall instruments : but much more delightsom is the harmony which a holy tongue makes . Tibiae & psalterium suauem faciunt melodiam , & super vtraque lingua suais . The pipe and the psalterion make a sweet noyse , but a pleasant tongue is aboue them both . For it prayseth God , conuerteth soules , curbs the deuil , opens heauen , shuts vp hell , appeaseth the Iudge , comforts the offendour , admonisheth the sinner , counselleth the doubtfull , pacifieth the vnquiet , satisfieth the afflicted , correcteth ( with loue ) the falty , encourageth the weake , instructeth the ignorant , extolleth vertue , condemneth vice , and performeth an hundred thousand other good offices . This tongue is silent , & speakes in meet time , & although at some season it appeareth to be dumb , yet ( another while ) it declareth it selfe to be very eloquent . Est autem tacens , & non habēs sensum loquelae : & est tacens , sciens tempus apti temporis : Some man holdeth his tongue , because he hath not to answere : and some keep silence , waiting a time conuenient . Therefore it is good to speake , and as good to be silent : hard is it to keep silence , but much more hard to speake with wisedome . For the tongue being the Embassadour of the hart , it is most certaine , that if there be loue in the hart , the tongue will manifest loue ( as Minas the Philosopher writeth ) If there be hatred , it wil publish disdaine , if sorrowe , it will vtter lamentations . Which oftentimes is the cause of many euills , because not all things concealed in the heart , ought the tongue to discouer , and therfore it is far better to be silent , according as Ouid counselleth . Eximia est virtus praestare silentia rebus . Atque grauis est culpa tacenda loqui . Claudio . Neuerthelesse Aristotle saith , That it is far more difficult to hold ones peace , then to speake : wherupon , being asked , which of these two things seemed to him the hardest , replyed , to conceale a secret . As I was one day talking with Signior Cipriano Calphurnio an especiall friend of mine , he made proffer of telling me a very great matter , prouided that I would lock it vp hidden in my hart , but I answered him according to Aristotles opinion . Good Sir ( quoth I ) do me so much curtesie , as not to bind me to that , which you cannot do your self : you cannot keep so great a secret concealed , and yet wil you tie me to strict retaining it ? Lodouico . Aristotle saith , That to be silent , is the hardest matter , because silence is the ground of prudence , and prudence is an beroycall vertue , not to be imitated of all , for many learned men haue bin imprudent . Plato writeth , That a man cannot be wise , except he be able to retaine a secret . And yet your Honor would not be bound to silence , not because wisedome is contayned in euery part therof , but in regard of the binding diuers other , to keepe in silence a like secrecy , which may prooue a matter very perillous . A man may perhappes ( vnder deepe charge ) manifest a secret to a friend of his , and ( with the like prouizo ) reueale it to diuers other beside , which passing in that order among so many , may prooue in the end to fall out damageable : & then , he not perfectly remembring to how many he told it , may vniustly tax his very truest friend of vnfaithfulnesse . Therfore , much better is it , not to know another mans secrets , then by knowing them , to oppose himself to so manifest perill , when as others being therewith likewise acquainted , they may scape free , and he onely be blamed . But silence is a thing so noble , that it is very highly pleasing to god , as may be easily gathered , if we but consider , that his diuine Maiestie would not haue his secrets knowne to any person whatsoeuer : wherby we may see , that he would not admit the knowledge of what hee would do in a day , nay , much lesse , what he intended in an hour . Most secret is God in all his affayres , whereupon the Prophet spake not at randome , saying . Secretum meum mihi , secretum meum mihi : My secrets I keep to my selfe , &c. And Cato likewise sayd : Proximus ille Deo est , qui scit ratione tacere : He is likest vnto God , that knowes with reason how to hold his peace . Finis Cap. 4. The Argument . Wherein is declared , how God spake so little , as he spake but once or twise onely : And how man ought to keep an eternall silence , otherwise , he that alwayes talketh , sinneth . Who was the first that brake silence , as well in heauen , as in earth . How it is to be vnderstood , that God onely is truth , and euery man a lyar : considering that many haue spoken the truth , as well Philosophers of the Gentiles , as also many Christians : A discourse ful of learning , & pleasing curiosities . Chap. 5. CLAVDIO . Well then my Lord , if God be so iealous of his secrets , and hath so little reuealed them : it behooueth vs in this case to confesse , that he speakes much lesse , and is very spaing of his speeche . Lodouico . God is so abstinent of his speeche , as I find but that once or twise onely he spake : nor is this any once it of mine own , but the Prophet Dauid witnesseth it , who speaking of God , sayth : Semel loquutus est Deus , One time onely God spake , and two things onely he sayd : Duo haec audiui , quia potestas Dei est , & tibi Domine mifericordia , quia tu reddes vnicuique iuxta opera sua . These two I heard , that power belongeth vnto God , and to thee O Lord mercy , for thou rewardest euery one according to his worke . This is also confirmed by the authoritie of Iob , who maintaining God to be a louer of silence , sayth : Semel loquitur Deus , & idipsum sermo non repetit ; Can there be found any greater taciturnity then this ? Claudio . God speaketh very little , if he neuer spake but once or twise . But , how can this agree with the blessed S. Paul , a preacher to the people , a vessell of election , and the trumpet of the holy ghost ? For he writing to the Hebrewes , sayeth . Multifariè , multisque modis elim Deus loquēs patribus in Prophetis . Nouissimè diebus istis loquutus no other end , was made speeche , conioyned with the eternall word actiue : Omnia per ipsum facta sunt : All things were made by it : but to agree with the passiue of our humanity : Passus sub Pontio Pilato , It suffered vnder Pontius Pilate ; by meanes of the verball coniunction of his substance onely ; neyther for any other end did it assume flesh in the chaste virgins wombe , then to declare , therby , the word spoken at first . Moreouer , what Christ did and said in the world , was a manifesting of what the Godhead had in his mind , as is witnessed in the words of the Euangelist Saint Iohn , where most highly he saith : Quod factum est , in ipso vita erat . Which more cleerely he replicateth in his wonderfull Apocalips , saying : Quia tu creasti omnia , & propter voluntatem tuam erant , & creata sunt : For thou hast created al things , and for thy wills sake they are , and haue bin created . Claudio . If they haue bin , how are they now created ? If now they be created , then before they were not : it seemeth repugnant to saye , that first they haue beene , and yet afterwarde they are now created . Lodouico . As if your Honor knowes not , that before the Architect buildeth a palace , he hath the Idea shaped thereof . They were first in the diuinities minde , & afterward they were created : not that first of all they were in Potentia , and afterward in act , or so to be expected from God : because in God there is no such power , which is called defectiue , but euery thing in him is perfectly in act . In vs , between the deed & the act ( according to the ancient Adage ) is a great alteration : but in God , between doing and speaking , there is no difference at all . Ipse dixit , & facta sunt ; ipse mandauit , & creata sunt . And , to returne to our argument first of all begun , God is sayd to speake vnto vs , alwayes eternally in the heart , by his holy lawe , and by his creatures , which serue vnto vs as so many tongues , as Dauid distinctlye speaketh in his 48. Psalme , and as the three children , in the fierye furnace of Babylon , doe affirme in theyr song . It shall be necessarie therefore for vs , to be alwayes silent , because he that alwayes speaketh , spake but two things onely , as before hath bin declared , and so we may say , Semel loquutus est Deus . The diuine word is the liuing conceite of the Fathers vnderstanding , which becomming flesh , expressed the conceite of the Godheads mind : Ipse enarrauit , & docuit omnia . Also himselfe sayd to his beloued disciples : Omnia qua audiui à patre meo , nota feci vobis . So that whatsoeuer he sayde , it was to expresse the eternall will , and though they may seeme to bee sundry discoursings , yet in substaunce they are all but one : whereupon it may bee truely sayde , Semel loquutus est Deus . And because it is a word eternall , it would therefore haue an eternall silence , which made Dauid say : Te decet * hymnus Deus in Sion . As if he would haue said , it is a matter most commendable ( O Lord ) that to thee should be giuen an eternall silence , because thou speakest eternally : for it is not lawfull , that while thou speakest , wee thy creatures should likewise be talking , but to stand in humility listening to thee : Te decet , &c. Claudio . By your fauour my Lord , if it bee a matter of dutie , to stand alwayes mute and husht in silence : wherefore doe you then reason so much , & not obserue the same in silence , which you preach vnto me ? Lodouico . These wordes of mine , are my silence , and the word of God also : my silence they are , because while I speake vnto you of matters diuine , I hold my peace , and God speaketh by mee . An vnhappie wretch were I , if I should speake , as of my selfe , because I should then tell nothing but lyes , and be a manifest breaker of silence . Doe not you know : Omnis homo mendax : Euery man is a lyer ? And how greatly God dooth punish lying : Perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendacium : Thou shalt destroye them that speake lyes . Claudio . Why then belike I am a lyar . I thanke you for your kindnesse . Lodouico . Who makes any doubt of that ? are not you a man ? Claudio . I make no question that I am a man : but ( by your leaue ) I am no lyar . Lodouico . You are a lyar , because you are a man , if you will giue credite to Saint Paul , who , confirming the former saying of the Prophet Dauid , wrote to the Romanes : Est autem verax Deus , omnis autem homo mendax : Let God be true , and euery man a lyar . If God be only true , and euery man a lyar : you being a man , are also a lyar , except ( from the community of men ) you know how to diuide your selfe . Claudio . I know very well that I am a man , and yet no lyar , because I haue alwayes delighted in the trueth . Lodouico . If the truth be so pleasing to you , and yet you are a man : it is because you haue no knowledge of your selfe , nor of your owne excellencie . For though euery man be a lyar , yet in thus much you are not a lyer , by how much you are not the sonne of a man , but the sonne of God : because , Mendaces filii hominum in stateris ; The children of men are vanitie , the chiefe men are lyars , to lay 〈◊〉 vppon a ballance , they are altogether lighter then vanity . Then , in speaking the truth , and delighting therein , and not beeing a man , but the child of God , you are no lyer . Deus de Coelo prospexit super filios hominum , vt videat si est intelligens , aut requirens Deum . Omnes declinauerunt , simul inutiles facti sunt non est qui faciat bonum , non est vsque ad vnum . God looked downe from heauen vpon the children of men , to see if there were any that would vnderstand , and seek God. Euery one is gone back , they are altogether corrupt , there is none that dooth good , no not one ; but if one , it was Christ , who beeing a man , was God also . Claudio . Whence proceedeth it , that al men were lyers , and vnprofitable ? Lodouico . Because it pleased him to become both God and man , it was to diuert man from infinite former euilles , and to heale him of as infinite infirmities , particularly those of the vnderstanding , to the end hee should not be a lyar : but by delighting in the truth , he gaue power vnto men to become the sonnes of God. Dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri . So by the meanes of this singular grace , Lying ceassed in men , because they ceassed to bee the sonnes of men . Moreouer , they are sayd to be Gods : Ego dixi Dij estis , & filii excelsi omnes . I haue sayd you are Gods , & you are al children of the most high . If then they are Gods , God is truth : Est autem Deus verax , Then are they truth as he is : as Gods by participation , redeemed by grace of the Sauiour , bought with the price of the bloud of Iesus Christ , borne againe with the water of holy Baptisme , and made eternall heyres of the kingdome of heauen : this is venerable Bedes opinion , vpon the Epistle of Saint Paul to the Romanes . Claudio . I dare say nothing against so great a Doctour : but if ( for further instruction ) it be lawfull to aske , I would gladly know of you : if onelye those men , which are called the sonnes of God , or Gods by participation ( how many soeuer they be ) be true , and all other men beside are lyars ; as for example the Gentiles , depriued of faith , separated from the Church , sonnes of the deuill , yet they speaking sometimes truth , in that many of them ( by theyr writings ) haue giuen occasion to vs Christians , to know the truth , yea , and by some of their compositions ? And if the adopted Sonnes of God onely bee true , it is then most cleere , that not all Christians , that know and speake the truth , are the sons of God , in forsaking their father Christ , and making themselues ( by sinne ) the sonnes of the diuell . How then do only the sonnes of God , and not the sonnes of men , speake the truth ? Lodouico . I answere , that inasmuch as the Gentiles , and Christians ( onely in name ) speake the trueth , they are true , by how much they participate of the first trueth , God himselfe : but for the rest , by that which is to be expected ( as of their owne nature ) they are false and lyers . Hereupon was it that Dauid sayd : Emitte lucem tuam , & veritatem tuam , ipsa me deduxerunt , & adduxerunt in montem sanctum tuum , & in tabernacula tua : Send thy light and thy trueth , let them leade mee , let them bring mee vnto thy holy mountaine , and to thy Tabernacles . As water ( of it selfe ) hath no colour at all , but is so much the more coloured , as colour commeth vpon it : euen so man , insomuch as he is of himselfe , is a lyer , but insomuch as he partakegth of the cheefe truth , to weet , God the only authour of truth ; so much is he true . Another answere ( in declaration of Dauids wordes ) can I make you , as thus . In Dauids saying : Omnis homo mendax , is as much to say as that a man partaketh more of his not beeing , then of his beeing : therefore in saying , that euery man is a lyar , and a lye beeing the deniall of the trueth , is the trueth spoken , and the ends of both are conuertible , since that Bonum , verum , & ens conuertuntur , according as the Philosopher saith . All that which is true , is good : and all that which is good , is true : then that which is a lye , hath neither beeing , nor goodnesse , but onely may be tearmed , a priuation of beeing , of trueth , and of goodnesse . When Dauid saith ; Omnis homo mendax , he meanes , that man is nothing as of himselfe , and into nothing shall he returne , without the onely truth , God himselfe . As ( to the same effect ) he speaketh in another place : Veruntamen vniuersa vanitas omnis homo viuens : Surely man in his best estate is altogether vanity , which is euen as much , as when he saith ; Omnis homo mendax . And the more that we consider a man in this manner , the more we shall find him to be a lyar and nothing , be he a still fitter , a trauailer , or how else to be comprehended : but considering him as partaking with the trueth it selfe , and his infinite goodnesse and essence , wee shall find him to be true , good , and that he hath a perfect beeing . Omnis homo mendax , is likewise as much to say ( according to Marcilius Ficinus vpō Plato ) that a man knowes much more by negation , then by affirmatiō , because lying is a negation of the truth : so , in Dauids saying , Euery man is a lyar , importeth , that so far as a mans own knowledge extēdeth , he knows more by denying , thē by affirming . I know that God is not a stone , wood , not a star , and yet I know not directly what he is . I know that the soule is not a body , nor mortal , but yet cānot so readily tell what it is indeede . Heereto will I ioyne another description , which perhappes may better fit you , because it commeth from an Angell-like doctor , and very hetoycall in all his doctrine , and thus it is . The truth ( sayth hee ) importeth a certaine adequation or leuelling of a thing with the vnderstanding : but things do appeare one way to our apprehension , and quite contrarie to the diuine intelligence , because that our vnderstanding taketh his cognition of the thing : therefore the being of the thing , is the cause and measure of the truth thereof . Hereupon sayd the Philosopher , in his first booke called Periermenia , and the Chapter treating de oratione : Exeo quod res est , & non est , oratio dicitur vera , vel falsa . Then thus it commeth to passe , that our intelligence may bee true and false , according to the thing equalled , or not equalled . But because that which may be , and not be , hath neede of another superiour agent , to the end it may bee , and without which it remaineth in it selfe , as nothing ; as the Ayre without light , should remayne alwayes darke : Euen so fares it with our vnderstanding , except it bee illumined by the trueth it selfe , it continueth euermore ( euen in his very best condition ) in lying . Therefore ( herehence ) it may well be sayd , that for so much how-euer ▪ as is to be expected of man in himselfe , euery one is a lyer , according to his owne best intelligence : and he is only true in no more , then he partaketh with the onely cheefe trueth . We ought to say with Dauid to God , Emitte lucem tuam , & veritatem tuam , for he is the truth it selfe , and the diuine intelligence is the cause & direction of things : because of himselfe he is indeficiently true , and euery thing ( in so much ) is said to bee true , by how much , it is conformed to the diuine vnderstanding . In like manner , if we take the trueth from part of a thing , man of himselfe hath not the trueth , because of his owne nature he becommeth nothing , euen as of nothing hee was created ; But the diuine nature onely hath of it selfe the trueth , which neyther is of nothing , nor can be conuerted into nothing . Your honour then , and euerie man else , is a lyer , as of himselfe ; but yet doe speake the trueth , in so much , as you or they partake of the onelye trueth . Hee that will speake then , must first learne , and let him haue no master but the eternall wisedome , the woorde , the perfecte trueth , to the end hee become not woorthye of reprehension : tghen shall our discoursing neuer breake silence , because it will bee the eternall worde that speaketh , and not wee our selues : our speaking will be but ministerially , not originally , instrumentally , not casually . Non enim vos estis qui loquimini , sed spiritus patris vestri qui loquitur in vobis : For it is not you that speake , but the spirit of your father which speaketh in you . Saint Stephen spake in such māner as none could conuince him , in disputing among so many sects of the Cilicians , Alexandreans , Cyrenaicans , and Asians : but in what sorte ? Non poterant resistere sapientiae , & Spiritui qui loquebatur : They were not able to resist the wisedome and the Spirit , by which he spake . I do not say , that they could not resist Stephen in himselfe , but the wisedome and Spirit whereby Stephen spake . Non poterant resistere sapientiae & Spiritui qui loquebatur . For Stephen said nothing of himselfe , but the holy Spirite did speake by the mouth of Stephen , and other of the Prophets : and albeit some of them were sinfull men , yet they spake not accordingly , neither did they so vnderstand and themselues , because they spake not , but the diuine word ; Non enim vos estis qui loquimini , sed Spiritus Patris vestri , qui loquitur in vobis . Doe you thinke , that the high priest Caiphas vnderstood himselfe , when ( in Councell ) he foretold of Christ : Expedit vt vnus moriatur homo pro populo , ne tota gens pereat : It is necessary that one man dy for the people , and not that they al should perish ? Assuredly no ; Non enim sciebat quid diceret , but spake euen as Balaams Asse did , that vnderstood not him selfe . Claudio . And did Balaam vnderstand him selfe , or his own Prophecie , when he foretold of Christ : Orietur Stella ex Iacob , & consurget virga de Israel ? There shall come a star of Iacob , and a scepter shall arise of Israell , &c. Lodouico . Assuredly , I thinke he vnderstood not his prophecie , but spake accordingly as his Asse did . The man that feareth the Lord , sayth Salomon : In medio ecclesiae aperiet os cius , & implebit cum Dominus Spiritu sapientiae & intellectus , & stola gloriae vestret illum : In the mids of the congregation shall he open his mouth , with the Spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding shall be fill him , a●●●loathe him with the garment of glory . Heereuppon was it that God sayd to Dauid Dilata os tuum , & implebo illud : Open thy mouth wide , and I will fill it . And Christ himselfe sayd to his disciples : Ego dabo vobis os & sapientiam , cui non pot erunt resistere & contradicere omnes aduersarij vestri : I will giue you a mouth and wisedome , where against all your aduersaries shall not be able to speake nor resist . When we tell a lye , because , Ex propriis loquimur , we breake silence , as Caiphas did , when hee sayde of our Sauiour : Blasphemauit : quid adhuc egemus testibus ? Vos audistis blasphemiam . Reus est mortis : He hath blasphomed , what haue we any more neede of witnesses ? now you haue heard his blasphemie . He is worthie to die . At this very instant he brake silence , because he spake of himselfe , and told a great lye , and spake much euil , therefore , Omnis homo mendax . Silence , silence , O man , since thou art like an infant , that knowes not how to speake , but onely mutter and mumble : therefore hold thy peace , for feare of being disgraced , suffer God to speake , listen then , & attend well what he saith vnto thee , and that is sufficient : Te decet silentium Deus . Claudio . Seeing then that man hath such need to speake with much discretion , seeing also he ought not to breake silence , and in regarde sometimes hee speakes , yet silence is not broken , and otherwhiles hee speakes , and then it is broken : I haue a desire to knowe , who was the first that euer brake silence in the world ? Lodouico . In heauen , it was Lucifer , on earth , it was Eua. God spake with his omnipotent voyce , and the first that offended his maiestie with breache of silence , after he had vttered , Dixit , & facta sunt : was Lucifer , when , with presumptuous speeches , standing in the emperiall place , and seeing himselfe indued with excellent giftes , he sayde . In Coelum ascendam , super astra Dei exaltabo solium meum , sedebo in monte testamenti , in lateribus Aquilonis . Ascendam super altitudinem nubium , similis ero Altissimo . I will ascend into heauen , and exalt my throane , aboue beside the stars of God : I will sit also vpon the mount of the congregation , in the sides of the North. I will ascend aboue the height of the clowdes , and I will be like the most high . But as a iust punishment to such pride , he was cast headlong from the imperiall seate , into the infernall bottomlesse depth . Veruntamen ad infernum detraberis , in profundum laci : But thou shalt be brought downe to the graue , to the sides of the pit , with infinite ignominies , as Esay in a long stile declareth . And Saint Iohn likewise in the Apocalips : Proiectus est Draco ille magnus serpens antiquus , qui vocatur Diabolus : And the great Dragon , that old Serpent , called the Deuill , and Satan was cast out . The second that brake silence , but on earth , was Eua , when she said to the Serpent : Defructu lignorum que sunt in paradiso vescimur : De fructu vero ligni quod est in medio Paradisi praecepit nobis Deus , ne comederemus & ne tangeremus illud : We eate of the fruit of the trees of the garden : But of the fruit of the tree which is in the mids of the garden God hath said , you shall not eate of it , neither shall you touch it ; Perceiue ye how mightily he missayed , and with what importunity he spake ? Claudio . Oh , how much ouer-licentiously , and with what indiscretion he spake ? She might yet haue held her peace , and not broken silence , or if she would needs speake , at least haue auoyded lying : for God neuer cōmanded that they should not touch the tree . He commanded them indeed , not to eate thereof : but this little command seemed so stange to them , that being but one , yet she would needs make two of it , as already you haue said before : Mentita est iniquitas sibi . Lodouico . If she had rehearsed only that which God had commāded them , she had not broken silēce at all ; because there was nothing that he had spoken , but it was in compasse of the diuine word , which euermore we ought to haue in our mouthes , for Spiritus & vita sunt . But when she spake of her selfe , she spake very euill , & brake silence , whereupon she was punished very seuerely . Claudio . She would needs talke , yet knew not with whom she talked , not considering , that the very first time of her talking , it was with a lyer , with a three-mouth'd tongue , that neuer spake truely : the father of lying , the inuenter of lyes , the accuser of our brethren : Accusator fratrum nostrorum , qui accusabat illos ante conspectum Dei nostri die ac nocte : The accuser of our brethren is cast downe , which accused them before our God day and night . And because he had too long a tongue , he was throwne foorth of the glorious Palace of heauen , euen , Quando factum est praelium magnum in Caelo : when there was a great battell fought in heauen . And hee brake silence , and said in proude words : ponam sedem meam ad Aquilonem , ero similis Altissimo . And with the rumour of the weapons : Dum Draco committeret bellum cum Michaele Archangelo , & Draco pugnabat , & Angeli eius . And there was a battell in heauen with Michaell the Archangell , and the Dragon fought and his Angels . She did not note his variable and vnused habit , his dissembled speeche , with so many impertinent pratlings , and all but lyes ? Lodouico . She made more account of a ianglers words , couered with a little sweet taste of honor , wearie of their present estate , and coueting to be Gods and immortall , then of the infallible trueth of God. Claudio . And yet shee might very well haue discerned by his curious questionings , an apparant signe of his malice , and that his wordes were full of trecherie , fraude and dissimulation . The woman might haue said to the Serpent : What hast thou to do , to know the occasion of the diuine commandement ? Is he not God , and my Lord ? all that he doth , is it not iust ? Is it not in him to command , and is it not our duty to obey ? Lodouico . Behold , how much the custody of the tongue importeth : if our first Parents had not erred , we shoulde neuer haue falne into so many intricate labyrinthes . Finis Cap. 5. The Argument . Declaring , what custodie we ought to haue of our tongue , to auoide errour in our speaking . Of the seuerall wayes , where by the tongue passeth , when we talke : which although they be foure in number , yet one onely guarde is sufficient for them all . Chap. 6. CLAVDIO . A very singular document doth the kingly Prophet Dauid giue vs , vppon the custodye of the tongue , and it is in his thirtie eighth Psalme : Dixi , custodiam vias meas , vt ●on delinquam in lingua mea , Posui ori neo custodiam , dum consist eretpeccator aduersum me : I said , I will take heed to my wayes , that I sinne not with my tongue . I wil keep my mouth bridled , while the wicked is in my sight . Euē as if he had intēded to say ; I will haue a speciall respect of my life , that I fall not into error by my tongue , there being so many wayes of fayling therby . Therefore haue I set a good guard vppon my mouth , the wicked standing alwayes ready against me , to noate , if I speake any thing which I ought not . Wherefore , to preuent fayling : Obmutui , & humiliatus sum , & silui à bonis , &c : I was dumb & spake nothing , I kept silence , euen from good , &c. Lodouico . What wayes are those , which make such necessitie of beeing well kept by vs , to preserue the tongue from erring in talking ? what hath the tongue to do with wayes ? Is there any walking for the tongue ? By the way we go , and by the tongue we speake : by the one we haue the vse of our feet , by the other we declare the conceite of the minde , and the thoughts of the hart . What may Dauids saying signifie : I will take heed to my wayes , that I sin not with my tongue . Me thinkes he should rather haue sayd , I wil take heed to my wayes , that is , I will consider , which is the good way , to the end my feete fayle not in going ; or I stray from the right path wherein I ought to walke : or that I stumble against some stone or stumpe ; or vnaduisedly fal into some pit . But , saying I wil take heed to my wayes because my tongue shall not erre : I know not what wayes those should be . Claudio . I answer , that as the feet goes by many & sundry waies , now vpon plaines , then down in vallies , now on steep mountaines , then by hūble hillocks & flowring meadows , now this way now that way : Euen so doth the tongue go by sundry wayes , which ought very wel to be lookt vnto , to the end the tongue erre not . And very cōpendiously are they reduced into four cheef or principall ways , to wit , the way of the vnderstāding ; the way of the wil : the way of the power irascible , & the way of the power concupiscible . It behooueth that these wayes should be direct , cleane , voyd of all filth of error , & purged frō all dust of humane spotted affections ▪ if the tongue , & the words issuing from it , shall come forth free from the stayne of error . And first of all , it is needfull for the vnderstanding way , to be purged of al faults , because if the vnderstanding falter not in his conceit , by apprehending wrong & falsly : then the tōgue cānot fayle ( by him ) in pronoūcing his words , for the tōgue is the embassador of the vnderstanding . Hence is it , that the diuine vnderstanding , beeing vncapable of transgression in his conceite , can likewise commit no scape at all in deliuerie of his wordes , therefore Dauid sayd : Omnia mandata tua veritas : All thy commandements are true . Moreuer , the celestiall spirits and blessed comprehenders , because they are vnited in an ineffable manner with the eternal truth of god : by cōtinual splendor of the blessed light of glory , they cannot erre at all in their conceits , and therfore much lesse in their words . And so is euery vnderstanding illumined , by the diuine light internally in inuisible manner , as ( by the work of the holy ghost ) the Apostles were illumined , and many other Saints : by meanes wherof , the whole world became enlightned , according as Dauid ( in a very high stile ) foretold . Illuminans tu mirabiliter à montibus aeternis , turbati sunt omnes insipientes corde , &c. Vpon the which place it is now no time to philosophize . Let it suffice then , that when the intellectuall way is not right , and conformable to the especiall trueth : the tongue then erreth , and violently breakes foorth into lyes , as Lucifer did , who tolde a lye of God , saying to our first parentes ; Nequaquam moriemini : Or into error of faith , as Caine did , who was the first heretique , & denied the diuine mercy : Or into blasphemy & murmuring , as many sinners haue done , and yet doe . Secondarily , we ought to clense the way of the will , to keepe the tongue from offending , because the will is that which commandeth the power of our soule , according as the vnderstanding first proponeth . Therefore , least the tongue should stumble by this way , wee ought to purge it of inordinate desires , and of those appetites gouerned by pride , by those of vaine glory , of ambition , auarice and enuie : to the end the tongue may not speake proudely , as Lucifer did , or vaingloriously , as Antiochus did , or ambitiously , as Nebuchadnezzar did , or couetously , as Iudas Iscar●ot did , or enuiously , as Caiphas did . This way of the will , is to be kept with the guarde of reason : Dixi custodiam vias meas . Our will sometimes is blind , and therefore all that we would , cannot be good and iust . As the sentence of the iudge cannot be sayd to be good , because hee hath giuen it after his owne pleasure : but as it is giuen according to the order of iustice . So then , that the will may not wander , and ( by his example ) the tongue stray after ; of necessitie it must be accompanied with reason . For this cause was it , that God ( at first ) gaue vs , not onely the freedome of the will , but also gaue reason therewithall , to ratifye and confirme our will. Wherein Gods gift may not much amisse be compared to the familiar example of a king , who giuing the gouernment of a prouince , to a noble personage of his Court , who , because he hath no knowledge in the lawes ( as oftentimes in falles out , that many haue not ) grants him the assistance of skilfull Lawyers , by whose meanes the Prouince may be swayed according to the lawes . So in the kingdom of our soule , God gaue the will , the authority of rule : but because it is sometimes blind , and suffers it selfe to be deceiued by her proper appetites , he deputed reason for her assistance , wherby the soules kingdome became better gouerned , then when it wanted the association of reason . But in God it is not so , because , whatsoeuer he willeth , is iust , and to make any thing whatsoeuer iust , his diuine will is onely sufficient , as being most direct , most firme and infallible . Therfore the holy Apostle sayd : Deus operatur omnia secundum consilium voluntatis snae . God worketh all things after the counsell of his own will. What care then we ought to haue , for this way of the will , be iudge your selfe , in regard it is so exceeding fallacious , and sooner falne in , then we are aware of . Thirdly , with all heed and diligence , we must regard the way concupiscible , cleering it from the filth of carnall corruptions , of corporal delectations , and dishonesting of the senses : for otherwise , the tongue will stagger vppon a thousand vile speeches , shamelesse repetitions , and bee too free in prophane and vnhonest examples . Fourthly , we must set a good guarde on the way of the power irascible : which , to the end it may be a good , direct & smoothe faire way , we ought to clense it from all hatred , rancour , euil will and anger : otherwise , the tongue walking this ready and ouer-tractable way , will easily stumble vpon rash speeches of reuēge , deliuering many imprecations , iniuries , villanies , blasphemies , and ( like an vntamed horse ) fal downe vpon diuers rubs of infernall vices , speaking idlely and foolishly , without any regard , eyther of Gods honour , the honest fame of our neighbour , or our owne priuate good : whereupon the wise man sayd , The mouth of a foole is like vnto an earthen vessell , wherein follie boyleth , as if it were water . Lodouico . It is most certaine : Os fatuorum ebullit stulitiam , The mouth of a foole babbleth out foolishnesse . And therefore angry men haue their mouthes like a pot , which boyling vppon the fire , ouerfloweth the water , consuming what was contained in it , by dispersing it round about it , and so quencheth out the fire , with such goodnesse or fatnesse as swimmed vpon the top of it . And last of all , remaining quite empty , by the great power of heat ( exhaled from the flaming fire ) breaketh it selfe to many pieces . Euen so the angry man , his hart being once heated with disdaine , deliuereth foorth from his mouth , foolish words of blasphemies , of calumnies , of infamies , and of high dishonor : whereby , according as the fire burneth , he doth scandalize the present , backbite the absent , quencheth the light of sense with the infernall water of rage , and so putteth out quite the bright fire of reason : and being thus blinded or become quite emptie , he knowes not what he doeth , according to the saying of Cato . Impedit ira animū , ne possit cernere verū . And being thus ouer-hot , prouoked on still by cōtinual boiling , the goodnesse of diuine grace ouerfloweth from him , and being once emptied of that , he cracks in pieces presently , which made the wise man say ; That the hart of a foolish man is like a broken vessel , that cānot containe the matter of grace in it : Cor Fatui quasi vas confractum . If we set but a little pipkin to the fire , euery small blaze of fire enuironing it , sufficeth to fetch forth al the water cōtained in it : but with a great pot it is not so . As also a little water-brooke , by euery sudden showre it is filled and ouerfloweth , streaming away quite out of his bed : the like cannot be seene in a maine great Riuer , for if it arise out of his vsuall rest , it prooueth to do an infinite dammage . Our hart is so narrowly limited that ( by euery little distaste ) we are strangely altered , and being in this teasty tetchy way , presently we let flye foorth much vnseemelines . But with God it is not so , for he is so infinite and spatious , as ( ouer-readily ) he is not drawne to be angry with vs , wherfore it it written of him : Dominator Domine Deus , misericors & clemens , patiens & multae miserationis : The Lord God is strong , mercifull and gratious , slow to anger , and aboundant in goodnesse & truth . There be some kind of angry men , who , if they be reprooued for their faultes , will excuse themselues , saying . It is very true , that I am cholerike , and easily induced to disdaine , and do speake very iniuriously in my furie : but , quickly I am appeased , and soone cast off all rage ; so , by seeming worthie of this excuse , they perswade themselues , not to bee the worst sort of men , though vse makes a habite , and their violence ( at length ) growes to bee as greate as any others . Claudio . In my iudgement , this answere of theirs is very ridiculous : because , a man as soone dyeth by one small mortal wound , as by the receite of a thousand : for one stroake that pearceth soundly , is sufficient to kill a man. It importeth as much , that any thing may bee as suddenly deuoured in a fierce flaming fire , as if a longer time it lyeth ( to like purpose ) in a softer fire , for it sufficeth , that it is burnte : but God blesse vs all from such a tongue . Christ sayd to his disciples , that the faithful , ( among the other miracles that they shoulde accomplish and worke in the primitiue Church , ) one should be this ; That if they drunke of any poysonous or mortiferous liquor , yet they should thereby receiue no harme . Et si mortiferum quid biberint , non eis nocebit . Vpon which words spake that golden mouth : If thou shalt be defamed by a venemous tongue , vilified , iniuried , and yet art not therby prouoked to reuenge : it is a signe of great faith . Let vs then take good heed to this dangerous way , & if we fall not therby , our cariage will be the more commendable . Lodouico . As the terrestriall vapours do not ascend to the Moons heauen : euen so iniuries and angers doe not arise into the generous breast of the wise . Marsilius Ficinus saith ; That furies and follies are of two kinds . One is bred in the braine , and they that endure this fury , are called fobles . The other receiueth life from the hart , and they that hàue this disease , are tearmed implacable angrye men : but in mine opinion , this seconde infirmitie is farre worse then the first . Claudio . Seneca telles vs , in the booke which he wrote of anger , That anger is not good for any vertuous thing , much lesse then doth it incite to any couragious disposition , because neuer can any vice be helpful to vertue . And this doctrine he deliuered against certain men , who excused themselues , that ( without anger ) they could not do any magnanimous act : whereto Seneca answered . That anger is a very perillous thing , and such things as be perillous , are better to be kept farre off , then neere at hand : for more easily is resistance made in the birth or beginning , then we can tell how to gouerne it , beeing once gotten vpon vs. Aristotle affirmeth , That anger is good , yet not good to be as a leader , but as a Souldier , for so much the lesse then shal it work in cruelty . And I thinke , this is that kinde of anger , which Dauid spake of , when he said : Irascimini , & nolite peccare : Be angry , but sin not . Lodouico . And Seneca , as answering Aristotle , saith , That if anger be obedient to reason , it ought not to be called anger but by some other name . And afterwarde ; If anger shall be reckoned as a good Souldiour , then will he be obedient to counsell . Gods will is not , that reason should take any help of sin . Therfore saith Seneca , anger can neuer be good , either little or much . And if Aristotle woulde haue anger to animate men to the battaile : why then we may maintayne drunkennesse to bee profitable , for it maketh men bolde , furious and spleenefull , and boldnesse maketh men verye forward . Therfore I thinke , that Seneca , being growne into anger against his seruant , would not then chastice him , but only sayd : Caederem si non irascerer : I would smite thee , if I were not in anger , as fearing , that choller shoulde take away the light of reason from him . Diogenes likewise , being spit in the face , & in the publique market place , by a very insolēt young man , sayd to the saucy youth . Non quidem irascor , sed dubito an irasci oporteat : Truely ( young man ) I am not angry at this bold part of thine , but I stand thinking with my selfe , whether I ought to be angry or no , because thou hast done but like a foole , & I ought to cary my selfe as becomes a wise man. Cato handling a cause in the Senate house against Lentulus , Lentulus growing into rage against him , prepared a mouthfull of spittle , and spat it ful in the midst of his forehead . Wherewith Cato was not mooued any iot to anger , but only sayd : Now will I say Lentulus , that such men are deceiued , as shall say that thou hast not a mouth , & matter foule enough in it . Claudio . Oh what examples do liue , of rare patience and great wisedome , which touch ( to the very quick ) our vniust hastinesse . He that of pure gold formeth a faire kind of money , he doth no deed at al of wonder : but he that from a massie log of Lead , can draw a golden piece of money , it is an act of far greater vertue . The like may be saide of those gentile spirits , which , from men so beastly and full of anger , could declare in themselues such noble vertues , all which was nothing else , but good knowledge , in well looking to the way of the power irascible . Lodouico . The only best meanes , to keepe our selues vntoucht of this vice of anger , is to flye from it by wisedome , in the same manner of flight as Iosuah obserued , in taking the city of Hai. For if we will ouercome the passionate & angry , wee must take our flight , and keep vs far enough off from them . Dauid won honor to himself , in flying from Absolon , and reputed it as his glory , not to take reuenge on Shemei , but referred all such power to the Lord , saying with a verye cheerefull countenaunce : Tu autem Domine susceptor meus es , gloria mea , & exaltans caeput meum , &c. Tu percussisti omnes aduersantes mihi sine causa , dentes peccatorum contriuisti . Dominus est salus , &c. Thou O Lord art a buckler for me , my glory , and the lifter vp of my head , &c. Thou hast smitten all mine enemies , ( without cause ) vppon the cheek bone , thou hast broken the teeth of the wicked Saluation belongeth vnto the Lorde , &c. And the selfe same royall Prophet , when ( with a full tide of furie ) he was assalted ; he presently made his recourse to silence , for feare of falling , as knowing , that when a man speaks disorderly , he is angry : Turbatus sum , & non sum loquutus . Claudio . But Hannibal did far otherwise , for when he saw a ditch filled with the bloud of men , he sayd : Oh what a noble spectacle is this ? And , of another Tyrant , Seneca telleth vs in his book of anger , & the fift chapter , who hauing in one day slaine thirty men , very proudly he walked vpon the dead carkasses , and speaking very arrogantly in his owne language , beeing the Greeke , sayde : Oh what a thing is rule ? Lodouico . But Dauid beeing a most hardie knight , and an vnconquerable king , because he would not fall into such a brutish sinne , set a sure watch vpon his mouth : Posui ori meo custodiam . Claudio . But if the tongue haue these foure wayes , according as hath been already declared , namely , of the vnderstanding , of the wil , the way of the powre concupiscible , & the way of the powre irascible : why then , ( in reason ) the guardes or defences for these wayes , ought likewise to be foure , otherwise , how can one only defēce serue for so many wayes ? Lodouico . Let me tel you , that these fowre wayes , albeit they are ( among themselues ) diuers , neuerthelesse they are all confined to one place onely , which is the mouth , the mansion of the tongue . Haue you neuer seene , that for passage to one place there haue been fundry wayes , which haue met altogether in one conclusion ? Euen so these fowre wayes are limited to one mouth , for which , one good guarde will be sufficient to keepe it . Posui ori meo custodiam . And this is no other then wisedome , or , as ( we may otherwise tearme it ) discretion , which together , with Eustochia , Eubillia and Sinesi , do make a most secure guardance : the one coniecturing the best for vs , the second counselling what wee haue to doe , and the last iudging all to bee iust . Is not this a most safe stability , instructing vs when we ought to speake , how much we should speake , and in what manner we are to speake ? what words we may vse , to whom we are to speake them , and the place beseeming vs to speake them in ? what a more faithful keeper can we desire then this , to preserue vs from al idle wandring , and freeing vs from all deceiuing ? well may hee bee called a most skilfull master in Rhetorique , that teacheth how to speake aduisedly , that is ; when we ought to speake , and not alwaies ; how much , and not ouer immeasurably abounding , or foolishly too little ; in what manner , and not irregularly : to whom , and not to euery person ; where , and not in euery place . They that in their speeche doe not obserue this rule , of how much , when , the manner , to whom , & the place , shal find themselues neuer free from error . Greate neede then is there of this guardian ; especially , Dum consisteret peccator aduersum me : while the wicked stand watching vs , it behooues vs to speake within compasse , and with discretion , because they lend a listening eare to vs. Greate neede also hath wisedome , to stand as a true faithfull watchman , because euermore the deuill diligentlye waiteth to note all our imperfections : not , whether wee speake like Ciceronians , or no , but whether wee breathe foorth into blasphemies , murmurings , or euill speakings . If a man talke among his friends only , they will easily beare with any defect whatsoeuer : but being amidst his enemies , especially such a one as the deuill is , it behooues him to weigh euery word : Dum consisteret peccator . if the iust man only heare him , his watchman stil is in his company , and is as vigilant for him as him selfe . If he speake well , the iust man commends it ; if euil , he excuses it , or reprehends it with charitie ; if he speake of a doubtfull matter , which may bee taken both in good and euill sort , the iust man conceiues it in the best kind . But the deuill , and the wicked man his disciple , they stand alway to point our speeches , interpreting them in the worst sense , and taking all in euill part : If a man speake grauely , and well ; the deuill sayes , he doth it proudely , and to make himself esteemed , as one learned and wise . If he speake of meane and easie matters : hee interprets it presently , that he is ignorant . If he giue any almes : he sayes hee does it in hypocrisie , and to be accounted an especiall man. If he sing Psalmes , as in prayse of his Lord and maker : he implyes , that he hath time to do nothing else . If he be at his prayers : hee sayes , it is only for ceremonie . If hee fast , hee sayes , it is because he would bee talkt of . If he eate but to suffice necessitie : he scandalls it foorthwith to be immoderate gourmandize . If he speake well : he blames him for it . If he speak ill , he murmurs at it ▪ and thrusts in a great deale of worse matter then euer the other thought on . If there be any case , of doubt in question : he will be sure to support stil the badder side . So that we see , how needful a good watchman is for the mouth , & what counsell is to be taken with wisedome , for whatsoeuer we say , to the end , we fal not by our speaking : otherwise , we ought to keepe our selues silēt , because he can set down nothing of silence , as otherwise he may , of the words vnaduisedly vttered by the tongue . The Prophet Dauid , being filled with the holy Spirit , called to all men , & charitably exhorted them in this manner : Quis est homo qui vult vitam , diligit dies videre bonos ? Prohibe linguam tuā a malo , & labia tua ne loquantur dolum . What man is he that desireth life , and loueth long daies for to see good ? keepe thy tongue from euil , and thy lips that they speake no guile . Claudio . According to your counsell then , it is better for a man to hold his peace , then oppose himselfe to so manifest perill ; in regard , a man is neuer so good , but something may be defectiue in one part or other . As for the talkeatiue person , he desires nothing more , then to compasse occasion of offending by his venemous tongue , and immediatly he wil out with it , if there be neuer so little cause for opening his mouth . We read in the book of Kings , that in the last battaile which King Achab had against the king of Siria , he was wounded with an arrow from an vnknown hand : now , albeit Achab went very well armed into the battayle , as was conuenient for a King to doe , yet did this arrowe pearce him at an vnarmed part of his body , and he dyed of it . In like manner , although a man be round about armed with singular vertues , yet , if he leaue neuer so little a place discouered & vnarmed , wherat a man , of an euil dispositiō , may let fly from the bow of a wicked intention , the enuenomed wounding arrow of his vile speaking tongue , he will offend him to the death . Of which kind of men Dauid sayd : Exacuerunt vt gladium linguas suas , intenderunt arcum rem amaram , vt sagittent in occuliis immaculatum : They haue whet their tongue like a sword , and shot for their arrowes bitter words : to shoot at the vpright in secret , they shoot at him suddenly & feare not . Yet many times it comes to passe , that they which vituperiously bēd the bowe of their lying tongue , and against the innocent , doe come to the like themselues , as they purposed against others , and the venemous arrowe of infamy rebounds back at their own breasts . Hence grewe the Prouerbe , that a lye hath but short legs , and hereupon the woorthye Prophet sayde in the fore-recited Psalme : Sagittae paruulorum factae sunt plagae eorum , & infirmatae sunt contra eos linguae eorum . They shall cause theyr owne tongue to fall vppon them , and whosoeuer shall see them , shall flye away . Lodouico . A most cleere example of what you haue sayd ▪ wee reade in the booke of Chronicles , where is shewen , that the most proude king Senacherib , seeking to become Lorde of all Ezechias kingdomes , and ( to terrifie the people ) sent certaine Embassadors to them , who ( in his name ) spake such impertinent speeches , and so full of pride against the omnipotent God of Israell , as I beleeue the like are not to be read in all the holy Scriptures . Therein they exalted so highly his strength , blaspheming the power of the almightfull God : as they did not stick to affirme , that God had not the ability to deliuer them out of the Assyrians hands . Si enim nullus potuit Deus cunctarum gentium , at que regionum liberare populum suum de manu mea , & de manu patrum meorum , consequenter nec Deus vester poterit eruere vos de hac manumea . Sed & alia multa locuti sunt serui eius contra Dominum Deum , & contra Ezechiam seruum eius . Epistolas quoque scripsit plenas blasphemiae in Dominum Deum Israel , & loquutus est aduersus eum . For none of all the Gods of any nation or kingdome , was able to deliuer his people out of my hand , and out of the hand of my fathers : how much lesse shall your God deliuer you out of my hand ? And his seruants spake yet more against the Lord God , and against his seruant Ezechias . He wroté also letters , blaspheming the Lord God of Israell , and speaking against him . For which , God , as a iust rewarder , without Senacheribs becomming Lord of any one citie , or sleying any person , sent an Angell , and so smote the very nerue of Senacheribs armie , that , as saith the Prophet Esay , ( in whose time this slaughter was made ) Egressus est autem Augelus Domini , & percussit in castris Assyriorum centum octoginta quinque millia : The Angell of the Lorde went out , and smote in the campe of Ashur , an hundred fourescore and fiue thousand . But that which rendereth more admiration , is , that Senacherib returning in an infamous flight to Niniuie , and beeing sacrificing in the temple of his Idoll Nesroch : his owne sonnes Adramelech and Sarasar there murdered him . All this befell him , not for what hee did in act , but because his tongue talked so blasphemously . If hee had fought with his power , and kept silent his infamous tongue : perhaps his punishment had not bin so seuere , or his successe against the people of Israell had bin better , as it fell out with many other : Inf●rmata est contrae eum lingua eius . By his thngue he lost so mighty an armie , which ( by silence ) hee might ( perhappes ) haue defended with his hands . The young Amalekite , who ( with the tydings of king Sauls death ) brought the Crowne and bracelet to Dauid , confessing , how willingly , and in meere pittie he had slayne Saul , who had before fa●ne vpon his owne sword , the armie of the enemy comming so fast vpon him : was iudged worthie of death by royall Dauid , not so much for what he had done , as in regard of the words he spake . Sanguis tuus super caput tuum . Os enim tuum loqutum est aduersum te , dicens : Ego interfeci Christum Domini : Thy blood be vpon thine owne head , for thine owne mouth hath testified against thee , saying : I haue slaine the Lords annointed . As if Dauid would haue sayd ; If thou do suffer the death , which already thou hast bestowed vpon an other : doe not complaine of mee , who ( as a Iudge ) commaunds death to be giuen thee . But exclaime vpon thy selfe , that with thy sworde hast slaine the king of Israell , whose very garment thou oughtest not to haue touched . And since with thy tongue thou makest vaunte of thy homicide , therfore thou hast condemned thy selfe to death . Infirmata est contra eum lingua eius : with thy sword , thou slewest Saul , and with thy liberall tongue , thy selfe . Claudio . Let vs therfore set a watch before our mouth , and let vs haue a great care of our ouer-slippery tongue , for feare of incurring the like misaduenture : for , to a generous spirit , somtimes a bad word is much more iniurious , then a wound receiued by a Launce . Finis Cap. 6. The Argument . Declaring , that to keepe our selues idle wandering in our talking , it behooueth , that our speeche should haue fiue conditions or qualities , which the tongue it selfe hath , namely : sweete , Rose coloured , sharpe flexible , and close couched , which are approoued by many authorities of Scripture , as also witty saying of the Philosophers , and naturall examples . Chap. 7. LODOVICO . If Senacherib , the young Amalekite , and all such as haue endured like punishment , wold haue set a sure guarde vppon theyr tongue : without doubt they had deliuered their soules from many anguishes , whereinto ( else ) they had never falne . Qui custodit os suum , & linguam suam , Custodit ab angustus aniuam suam : He that keepeth his tōgue and his mouth , keepeth his soule from anguishes , sayth the wiseman . Plutarch telles vs , That the Lydians , as well sentenced them with death , that ( by their tongues ) robd men of their good fame , as him that tooke away the life of any Citizen : holding the guilt of infamie to be as great as the abhorred act of murder : for , to lay hand to the weapon vniustly , is euen as much , as to breed an vniust quarrel with the tōgue . Therefore that our discoursing may bee free from all such blamefull note , it ought to haue fiue properties , which the tongue it selfe hath . The tongue is soft and delicate ; sweete and Rose coloured ; sharpe in forme of a Launce ; flexible and voluble , close kept , walking but in a little roome . In like manner , our talk ought to be soft , by benignity , Rose coloured , as sweetned by honesty , sharpned by seuerity , pleasing by sagacity , close kept by diligent custody . He that hath his talke softned by compassion , sweetned by loue , sharpned by correction , made tractable by discretion , and close shut vp by heedfull caution , can very hardly faile in his speaking . First of all then we wil thus begin : Our speeche ought to be full of pleasing , because there is nothing that more mooueth a man to loue , then doth gentle speeche , sweete , compassionate , milde and benigne , as well in answering , as in reproouing the faultes in others . Manie striue to ouercome men by the strength of armes : but they are not such , as by a gentle sweete perswasion , haue brought men to doe euen what themselues woulde . Whereuppon arose the wittie Prouerbe : Men are bounde by wordes , and beastes by cordes . And Salomon in his Prouerbes sayeth : Lingua mollis du itiem confringit : for a sweete speeche suppresseth furie , and extinguisheth the sparkes of anger in a harde and implacable mind . Claudio . Why this is euery day plainly enough discerned , because many are chastised by sweete speeches , that by rude and sharp language would become much worse . As the diamond resisteth vpon the hardest steele , yet neuerthelesse is broken with the soft blood of a Goate : Euen so , Responsio mollis fragit iram , sermo durus excitat furorem : A soft answer putteth away wrath , but grieuous words stir vp anger . He that will get himselfe many friends , and appease the displeasure of his enemies , must folow Salomons counsel . Verbū dulce multiplicat amicos , & mitigat inimicos . A sweet talke multiplieth friends , & pacifieth them that be at variance . This was apparantly to be noted in Absolon , who by sweet speeches ( though very fraudulent ) in little time compassed the loue of the people , yea , & that in such sort , as he boldly attempted to depriue his Father of the kingdome . Lodouico . With this dulcitude of speeche , there hath bin nothing ( almost ) left vnattempted : as may be seen in those two great Orators Cicero and Demosthenes , the one the light of the Latine , the other of the Greek tongue . What should I talke of their attemptings ? There was nothing which they vndertook , but they obtaind it by the sweetnesse of their speech . For Lactantius Firmianus declareth , that Apollonius the Philosopher hearing Cicero in his Oration , was so transported with admiration beyond himselfe : that after some smal recouery , he said to Cicero in the publique presence ; Cicero I commend thee , & am amazed at thee . Xenocrates the Philosopher , by this sweetnesse of speeche , quite changed the vile base behauiour , of a bad luxurious man called Palaemon . Cato Censorius , being accused fortie foure times , before a Senate so much to be feared as that of Roome : knew so well in his Orations how to defend himselfe , as euermore he went away iudged innocent . Aegesias the Scholler of Plato , read so sweetely vpon the immortalitie of the soule : that many ( for meere ioye , and to attaine that high felicitye , ) accounting it no crueltye to themselues , layde violent handes on they re owne liues , vntill Ptolomeus prohibited him , to discourse any more vppon that matter . Heereuppon the auncient Poets feigned , that Amphion the Son of Ioue , by musick onely , without any other mysterie , builded the walles of the city of Thebes , the stones most commodiously laying themselues one vpon another , as if by a skilfull masters hand they had beene ordered . Also Arion Miten●us of Lesbos , with his harpe drew the Fishes ( netlesse ) out of the Sea , so that himselfe rode vpon the back of a Dolphin , which brought & set him safely on the shore . Alpheus by his sweete singing , tamed the wildest and most cruell beastes . Orpheus by the sound of his harpe , made the woods to mooue , the floodes to daunce , and the stoanes to leape about him . We may allude all this to the sweetnesse of their speeche , as the alluring of men , conuersion of sinners , and they beeing before most vnciuill and barbarous , to make them thus become verye meeke and tractable . As wee may reade of the blessed Apostles and Martyres , who conuerted the most stearne and bloodiest Tyrantes . Wee haue a prety storie of one M. Iordanus , described by Antonius the Archbishop of Florence , who preaching in Vercellis , where ( in those times ) was the generall place of studying : he deliuered the word of God in such sweete and gratious manner , as , within fewe dayes after , he drew the reuerend Doctors , Fathers and diuers Noble men , to forsake all things else , and practice preaching onely . Wherupon , Gualterus Teutonicus , Regent of the other Artes studies , fearing to loose all his Schollers likewise , sayde in the publique Schoole to them : Take heede you goe not to heare the preaching of M. Iordanus , for he polisheth his words with such sweetenesse , as dooth an harlote , when shee betrayeth and catcheth the soules of men . But what ensued of this ? He that sought to withdrawe others , was first of all taken himselfe , euen so soone as hee went but to heare him . And then he became quickly of another minde , perceiuing all other studies to be but vaine and fruitlesse , in comparison of the heauenly sweetes of the soule , for there is no sweetenesse aboue that of the word of God. Quàm dulcia faucibus meis eloquia tua , super mel orimeo . Claudio . What mightier maruaile , to approoue the sweetenesse of Christes speeche , ( the like whereof was neuer heard ) then at the very time when they came to take and bind him ? hearing but his words , they stood as men amazed , and forgetting the commaundement imposed vpon them , they returned back to the giuers of that charge , saying : Nunquam sic loquutus est homo : Neuer as man heard to speake the like . So sweet was his speaking , as he drew infinite multitudes after him , so that the city beeing vnable to containe them , they flocked foorth after him into the fields , among the mountains , and on the Sea shoare , with great striuing among them for taking places , according as S. Luke declareth : Cùm turbae irruerunt in Iesum , vt audirent verbū Dei , &c. And the people preased vpon him , to heare the word of God , &c. Lodouico . Great efficacy vndoubtedly was there in the sweet words of Christ , that it could make the ministers of the Pharisies to forget their fiercenesse , they comming against Christ like so many roaring lyons , or most cruel Tigers , to lay fast hold vpon him : wherupon , they could doe any other thing else , but that which they then came for . Whereat the Pharisies being amazed , and filled full of railing against him , imagined in their harts , that they were also become some of his followers . Dauid had reason to speake thus of the voice of Christe : vox Domini in v●rtute , vox Domini in magnificentia . Vox Domini confringentis cedros . The voice of the Lorde is mightye : the voice of the Lord is glorious . The voice of the Lord breaketh the cedars . And not the cedars only , but the stonie and adamantine harts , he breaketh and crusheth in pieces . But more amazement I account it , to see that religious holy Preachers , participating with the vertue of Christe should haue such wonderfull sweetnesse in their woords as to drawe the whole world ( in a maner ) after them . Some whereof haue conuerted more then an hundred thousand heretiques : others that haue reduced to christian beleefe , more then fiue and twenty thousand Iewes , and aboue eight thousand Saracens . For this , were they accounted , Euen as simple vessells , prepared to containe the seed of the diuine word , as S. Augustine saith , speaking of himself . Ego , quid sum , nisi cophinus seminato is , id est Christi ? Ipse dignatus est in me ponere semen , quod spargo vobis . Nolite ad vilitatem ●ophini respicere sed nobilst at em seminatoris . So sweet , delicious and delicate is the word of God , as it surpasseth the sweetnesse of honie , then which there is nothing sweeter in the world . Quid dulcius melle ? what is sweeter than hony ? quoth they that expounded the riddle of Sampson . The word of God , saith Dauid , exceedeth hony in sweetnesse : Quàm dulcia faucibus me is eloquia tua , super mel o●i meo ? as much to say : Oh lord , how sweet are thy words vnto me , that they surpasse the sweetnesse of hony , when I haue them in my mouth ? Claudio . A very rare example of the sweetnesse of the diuine word , I remember I haue read in the first book of Samuel , and the 19. chapter , when wicked Saul pursued the death of iust Dauid , fearing that which was to follow afterward , namely , that he sould succeed him in the kingdom : he hearing , that Dauid was with Samuel in Ramah , among other Prophets , hee perswaded himselfe , that Dauid was gone to vsurpe his kingdome , and to haue himself annointed king of Israel by Samuel , to whome this office appertained . Albeit , he was with the Prophet praysing God , yet hee sent a greate number of souldiours , to the end they should surprise and bring him to his presence . But they beeing come where Dauid was with the holy Prophets , and hearing them so praise the Lorde : beeing touched likewise by the spirite of the Lorde , they forgotte the Kings commaundement , and began also to praise God , and to prophecie . Saul expecting their returne , and perceiuing they came not , grewe vehement suspicious , that they were growne abbetters of Dauid : wherefore all-enraged , he sent other ministers , and more in number then the first were , but to them it happened as it did with the other . Saul hauing intelligence hereof , began to burne in a more violent furie , and sent the thirde band of ministers , but in a larger companye , to execute what was before intended . They beeing come to Ramah , such was the power of the worde of God , that they no sooner entred among the rest , but they did as the first and second , and prophecied likewise among them . When the king heard this , much more enflamed with anger and desperate hate , he mounted on horseback , and rode along himselfe with a great multitude : but so soone as he came neer the place of Ramah , his very selfe ( O mighty miracle of God ) euen honied with hearing the word of God , forgetting his former fiercenesse ; he also began to praise the Lord with the Prophets . So that he despoiling himselfe of his royall garments , prophecied among the rest in the presence of Samuel , and euen naked as he was , he sung the diuine praises all that day and night , whereuppon arose the Prouerbe in Israel : Num est Saul inter prophetas ? Is Saul also among the Prophets ? Such was the power , preheminence and sweetnesse of the word of God , as it changed the very hearts of the hearers . Et expoliauit se Saul vestimentis suis , & prophetauit cum caeteris coram Samuel , & cecinit nudus tota die ●lla , & nocte . And Saul stript off his garments , and he prophecied also before Samuel , and fell down naked all that day and all that night . Lodouico . Oh miraculous sweetnesse of the word of God , but let vs proceed in our order begun : our speech then must be sweet and soft , as the tongue it selfe is . Secondly , our talke ought to haue the Rose-blush colour of honesty and charity , because , as the tongue is naturally red & Rosie-coloured : euen so ought our language to haue the die of honesty and modesty , as also the crimson & flame tincture of charity : for in our words , no one is to bee profered , fauouring of dishonesty , or iniurious to the edificatiō of our neighbor . These dayes of ours , do witnesse the world to be grown so dissolute , & our talk so vnseemely : as very hardly do any words issue from vs , but they rellish of dishonest iestings , yea , of shamelesse , scurril and very impudent dissolutenesse . Claudio . The worlde can giue no other then it hath , and because it is full of all vncleannesse , vncleane likewise needs must our talke be . The excellent Physitian knowes by the tongue , the infirmitie of the bodie , and when the disease is deadly : in like manner , by speeche is discerned the integritie or corruption of the hart , and the healthfulnesse of the soule . This was not onely the opinion of Socrates , but also of Salomon himselfe , as is to be seene in many places of his Prouerbes : Lingua sapientium sanitas est : I he tongue of wise men is health . As if he would haue sayd : wil you know if the soule be sincere , & whole from sin ? Awaite then the words proceeding from it : because the sicknesse of the soule appears , by the course of speeche , deliuered by the tongue . The world , because it is full of pride , luxurie and auarice , therfore also the vtterance of our words sauour of the worldlye cogitations feeding the hart , which are eyther voyde of honesty , or empty of charity . S. Iohn the Apostle saw in the Isle of Pathmos a wonderful vision ful of terror , & very dreadfull to the sight , his words are these . Et vid● de ore Draconis , & de ore bestiae , & de ore pseudoprophetae exire spiritus tres immundos in modum Ranarum . And I sawe three vncleane spirits , like Frogges , come out of the mouth of the Dragon , and out of the mouth of the beast , and out of the mouth of the false prophet . The dragon is the deuill the inuenter of pride ; the beast is the flesh , which beast-like liueth in al filthie luxuriousnesse ; the false Prophet is the deceiuing world , of whome ensueth all auarice whatsoeuer . All these three spirits issued foorth in the likenesse of Frogges , because these three in sinning haue some similitude with the Frogge . The Frogge leapeth aloft , behold there is pride : delights to liue in the filthye myre , there is the vncleannesse of beastlye luxurye : it likewise croakes , and with a screeking confused noyse or noate , disturbeth quietnesse , there is auarice , which filleth a man with all distraction , and daylye molesteth the quiet of the mind . The world then being ouer burdned with these three foule vices , how can there be any honest or charitable speeches , beautified with the rosie colours of honesty & charity ? Omne quod est in mundo , aut conc●piscentia carnis est ; aut concupiscentia oculorum , aut superbia vitae . All that is in the world , is the lust of the flesh , the lust of the eyes , and the pride of life . Lodouico . The third qualitie or condition beseeming vs in our speeche , is , that after the manner of a weapon , it should be sharp , for so the tongue it selfe appeareth to be : and this ought ( according to time and place ) to resemble such a weapon , by pointing at , punishing and correcting the faultye . Therefore it is written , that the holy ghost descended vpon the disciples , in the forme of clouen fierie tongues , not onely as alluding , that our talke ought to bee full of charitie : but also , to note the aptnesse , and readinesse of the worde of God in vs , which after the manner of a cutting sworde , diuideth the soule from sensuall and carnall cogitations , and seperates it whollye from the worlde . Viuus est enim Dei sermo , & penetrabilior omni gladio ancipiti , & pertingens vsque ad diuisionem animae ac spiritus , compagum quoque ac medullarum , & discretor cogitationum & intentionum Cordis . The word of God is liuely , and mighty in operation , and sharper then any two edged sword , and entreth through , euen to the diuiding asunder of the soule and the spirite , and of the ioyntes and the marrowe , and is a disce●ner of the thoughtes and the intentes of the hart . This weapon brought Christ into the world : Non veni pacem mittere , sed gladium . With this weapon is the father diuided frō the Son , one brother from another , and the wife from the husband . With this weapon shall the Iewes bee diuided from their Iudaisme , the Gentiles from their idolatrie , and be made good Christians . VVith this weapon shall the shamelesse bee diuided from his vncleannesse , the couetous from his monie bags , the wrathfull from his furiousnesse , the high looker from ambition , the glutton from his surfetting , &c. Claudio . There comes now to my remembraunce , an excellent matter , which I haue read in the first booke of the kings of Israell , and very apt to this purpose of ours . The Prophet Elias flying away ( verye poorely ) through the vast desertes , beeing fearefull of the wicked Queene Iezabell : the Angell of the Lorde appeared vnto him , and thus spake . Quid hîc agis Elia ? What doest thou here Elias ? And he answered . Zelo zelatus sum pro Domino Deo exercituum , quia dereliquerunt pactum Domini filii Israel . Altaria tua destruxerunt , & Prophetas tuos occiderunt gladio , & derelictus sum ego solus , & quaerunt animam meam vt aufer ant eam . I haue bin very iealous for the Lord God of hoasts , for the children of Israel haue forsaken thy couenant , broken downe thine Altars , and slaine thy Prophets with the sword , and I only am left , and they seek my life , to take it away . Et ait Dominus ad eum . Vade , & reuertere in viam tuam per desertum in Damascum : cumque perueneris illuc , vnges Hazael Regem super Syriam . Et Iehu filium Namsi vnges Regem super Israel : Helyseum autem filium Saphat , qui est de Abel-meula , vnges Prophetam prote . Et erit quicunque fugerit gladium Hazael , interficiet eum Iehu : & quicunque fugerit gladium Iehu , inter ficiet eum Helyseus . And the lord sayd vnto him . Go , returne by the wildernesse vnto Damascus , and when thou commest there , anoynt Hazael king ouer Syria . And Iehu the son of Namsi , shalt thou anoint king ouer Israell : and Helyseus the son of Saphat of Abel-Meholah , shalt thou anoint to be Prophet in thy roome . And him that escapeth from the sword of Hazael , shall Iehu slay , and him that escapeth from the sword of Iehu , shall Helyseus sley . In this we haue to note , that Helyseus was a man humble , meeke and godly , vnarmed and vnskild in the art military : neuerthelesse , it was the will of God , that they , who had not the power ( by armes ) to kill these two potent kings of Syria and Israell , men of great valour , approoued warriours , and very bloodie ; yet ( with this weapon only ) a peaceful Prophet should do it , a man , whose office was to preach , not to bee seene in combates , to preache vnto the people , not to war in armes . Doubtlesse , hereby it may be alluded , that more strength had the vnarmed Prophet Helyseus , with this weapon of the word of God , then those most mightye kings , with their huge squadrons of armed Souldiours : and much better successe shoulde attend on the courage of Helyseus , in pacifying by benignitie , then on the armed kings , in the very hotest of their crueltie . And more good did Helyseus , by his speaking only , then Hazael and Iehu by their fighting : such is the efficacy of the word of God , as it penetrates the soule beyond the body . VVhich is euidently to be seene in the conuersion of nations , in which office , more hath beene wrought by vnarmed men , of poore and meane condition , with the weapon of the diuine word , subducing the whole worlde to the kingdome of Christ : then coulde the mightye Monarches of the Assyrians , the Persians , the Grecians and the Romanes , with all their infinite powerfull Armies . And this ( I thinke ) was that weapon , that issued foorth of the mouth of God , cutting both wayes , after the manner of a sword , as Saint Iohn telles vs , because God ( by his worde ) remitteth the offence , and pardoneth the punishment : Exibat gladius vtraque parte acutus ex ore eius : Out of his mouth went a sharpe two edged sword . But if our words ought to haue the condition of a weapon , & such likewise is the shape of the tongue it selfe : for what cause then sayth the Prophet , speaking of the cōming of the Messias , that in his time , Conflabunt gladios suos in vomeres , & lanceas suas in falces : They shall break their swords into mattocks or plough shares , & their speares into sithes : what hath a mattock to doe with a sword ? the sword is apt to cut withall , and the mattock to delue withall . Lodouico . Two things ( in my mind ) would the holy ghost allude herby , saying , that in those times , of swordes shall be made mattocks . First , in regard of the great peace , all warlike battailes then ceassing , according as the Angels likewise foretold of the birth of Christ : Et in terra pax hominibus bona voluntatis : Peace in earth , and towards men good will. Secondly , of the great fruit ensuing by the word of God , designing by the mattock or plough share , the māner that ought to bee obserued in digging vp , or tilling the hearts of men by the worde of God , signified in the weapon . If the husbandman would furrowe vp his grounds , hee can neuer do it with a sword , nor breake abroad the hard knit clods , if that way he goe to worke , the earth likewise will bee vnapt in rendering the expected fruit : but if he take his mattock , plough share and such like other meete instruments , he will make it tractable for producing the sowen seede . The sword or weapon signifieth the polished speech , adorned with rhetoricall colours , & a thousand quaint subtilties of arguments . The mattock figureth the easie speeche , domesticall , familiar , sincere , cordiall , without ornament or vaine tearmes , which better fitteth for the heartes compunction , and is more apte to produce the fruite of conuersion , beeing cluttered before , among the hard clods of sinne ; then the adorned kinde of speaking , curious and artificiall , designed by the sword or weapon . The auncient Philosophers and Oratours , because they would teache their lyes and follies : they intricated them , and beguiled men with picked , polisht and nice kindes of phrases . The trueth of the Gospell , it hath no neede of any such ornament , nor ought a Christian to fit himselfe with such curiosities , in reproouing of sinne , and correcting the sinner ; but rather , hee shoulde make his playne mattock more plyant and readie , in deluing vp the stubborne harts of wretched men . Therefore Christ euermore spake with a materiall tongue , deliuering many parables , similitudes and examples . An vnhandsome woman , destitute of beautie and naturall comlinesse , seekes by deceiptfull and lying colours , to make her selfe appeare beautifull : but she that ( from her naturall mother ) is adorned with good feature & excellent fayrenesse , great wrong shall she offer to nature , in striuing artificially to make her selfe more fayre : for the greater paynes shee takes , to seeme beautifull by lying tinctures , the more deformed ( in time ) shee assuredlye makes her selfe . The Euangelicall doctrine ( of it selfe ) is so fayre , and surpassing in riches of naturall beautie , that shee hath no neede of artificiall or vayne rhetoricall ornament : rather great wrong is done to her natiue beautie , adorning it with vayne colours & coyned phrases , such as prophane Oratours were wont to illustrate & set forth their grosse lyes withall . A matter much to be blamed , and yeelding no fruit at all : because while the auditors listen , not to the substance of what is sayd , but to the cunning glosse and idle ornament only : they loose the intire doctrine & truth of the speech , and hang their attention only on vanity , which makes them , not to put in diligent execution , what is then said vnto them , but only to lend a little admiration to friuolous eloquēce , the cause of much harme in our christian common wealth . I pray ye ( my Lord ) in curtesie tell me , were it not to be reckoned as an expresse follie , if an armie of enemies shoulde come against this city , and engirt it with seuere besieging round about , and then the citizēs did not presently run to take weapōs in their hands for defence of it , darting their shafts and quarries against the enemy , or what munition else they could possibly deuise to help it . But , if ( in stead of repulsing them by the harquebuz and Cannon ) they shoulde throw on their enemies heads , sweet hearbs & flowers , might they not iustly be tearmed , desolators of the cōmon good , & the very cheefest enemies vnto their own natiue country ? Such ( the more pitty ) are many christians in these times of ours become , who ought with words most feruent and effectuall ( euen like vnto the sharpest pearcing arrows ) boldly reprooue the vile sinnes of men : but they ( in stead therof ) cast flowrs of faire and fruitlesse words on their heads , which not onely loose the vigor of all compunction , but delights , and begets a pleasing itching in the eare , whereof God greatly complained by the Prophet Ieremie : Date florem Moab , quia florens egredietur , & ciuitates eius desertae erunt , & inhabitabiles . Giue flowers vnto Moab , that it may flye and get away : for the cities therof shall be desolate , without any to dwel therein . As if he would haue said , Ironicè : Is it euen so ? Do you thus giue flowers to Moab ? You giue him a goodly remedy for his hurt : if he florish so delicately , as making that his beautie ; miserable Moab , this will be the cause of thy ruine , and the destruction of the fairest cityes in thy kingdome . Then presently followeth : Maledictus qui facit opus Domini fraudulenter , & maledictus qui prohibet gladium suum à sanguine : Cursed be he that doth the worke of the Lord negligently , and cursed be hee that keepeth back his sword from blood . Euen as if he woulde haue sayd , Cursed be he that doth the Lords worke with fraude , and ( with deceiuing speeches ) is the cause of the losse of soules , not drawing the sword of the tongue in due time , reprehending sinners , fetching blood at euery blowe , with sharpe words , yet full of charitie and feruent zeale . So when the sword of the word is not adorned with vnfruitfull speeche , therof we ought to make a mattock , apt and meet to dig vp the stubborn earth of mens harts , to the end , it may become capable of increase , by a good conuersion . A certaine Greeke Oratour went to Lycurgus Prince of the Lacedemonians , saying : That he would read Rhetorique to the people of the common wealth , because they spake very rude and grossely : to whom Lycurgus answered . We better affect our plaine country wisedome , then vaine flourishing eloquence : therefore you may go into Licaonia , for men are there louers of artificial eloquence , which here we make no account at all of . Claudio . An answere worthily beseeming such a Prince , because the common wealth looseth nothing by lack of speeche , but by defect of speaking well . An artificiall deuise , is not far off from deceipte , and our words ought rather to tast of want of curious ornament , then to be any thing defectiue from the trueth : therefore I cannot but highlye allow your description of the sword and mattock . Lodouico . In the fourth place , we say , that our talke ought to shew the flexibility of the tongue , which is to bee done by wisedome and discretion ; as the tongue is apt and pliant in yeelding euery way , so ought our talke to be very discreete , varying our discoursings , according to the condition of such men as wee conferre withall , and agreeing with the subiect whereof we speake . Sometimes comforting the afflicted , with the sweetnesse of our wordes ; sometimes instructing the ignorant , with charitie ; sometimes reproouing , with seueritie , answerable to the offence : sometimes commending ( with trueth ) the good ; and sometimes blaming ( as iustly ) the bad , with significant speeches : yea , to suffer our selues with them all , to be transformed ( as it were ) into all ; to put on the garmente of all , onely to helpe and preserue them all , according as Saint Paule did : Omnia omnibus factus sum , vt omnes facerem saluos : I am made all things to all men , that I might by all meanes saue some . The dog hath a tongue very flexible , slender and fine , and is so medicinable withall , as there is no sore or other harme happening on his bodye , but it healeth it , onely by the office of his tongue , because hee can bring it to the place , and tenderlye licke it . The verye like propertie ought our tongue to haue , for our wordes shoulde bee profitable , medicinable , and helpefull to euerie weake sinner , beeing cast downe vppon the death-bed of his sinnes , and there lying languishing and despairing , to his soules greate daunger . Our tongue by wise and discreete flexiblenesse , must bee apte and readie to diuers offices , as were the tongues of the Apostles , who ( for generall benefite ) spake in many languages : Audiuimus eos loquentes nostris linguis magnalia Deiwe heard them speake in our tongues , the wonderfull workes of God. The Naturalistes doe tell vs , that the Beare bringeth foorth her young , without any forme : but by licking , and passing ouer them in diuers kindes with her tongue , she giues them at length a true shape and similitude . The like ought euery one to do , that reprehendes an other mans defectes , but especially Prelates , fathers in their families , and Preachers , to whome ( in regarde of their offices ) the reproofe of sins ( in their sonnes and seruants ) especially appertaineth : which appearing to them , that they are ( in a manner ) meerely misshapen and brutish , without any figure of true christianitie , they ought , with the tongue , and the office of the mouth , to pearce so far into them , that euen ( as it were ) by licking their sore soules , and wiping away the foulnesse of their inward infirmities , they may make a sinfull man become like vnto God , adorned with vertues , beautified with spirituall graces , variably , and ( in many manners ) vsing the readinesse of the tongue , according to the nature and varietie of the subiect . For example , somtimes highly , of the ioyes of Paradise ; sometimes lowly , of the basenes of this deceiptfull world : seuerely & in a sharpe key , shewing ( with rough words ) the paines infernall : plainly and pathetically , laying open sinne , and the vaine folly of the sinner : sweetly & in a milder phrase , declaring the incomparable reward of the blessed : boldly & without fear , checking presumptuous persons , renegates and infidels ; speaking sometime with the tongue of a man , & somtime ( if it were possible ) with the tongue of an Angel , according to the diuersity of persons with whom we talke , and for the saluation of all , as S. Paul did , saying : Gratias ago Deo meo , quoniam omnibus vobis linguis magis loquor : I thank my God , I speak languages more then you all . Claudio . I perceiue that our speeche ought to bee like a cleere christaline fountaine , or , as a transparent Glasse without any spot , that it may transforme it selfe into all things represented before it : that by taking the shape of all , it may bee beneficiall to all . Lodouico . Let vs come now to the fift qualitie of the tongue , which is , that it must lye close couched , and be warilie kept by two guardians , to weet , the teeth , and the lips : whereby , the diuine workman may seeme to allude , that our speeche should bee very circumspect , corrected , and fast bound ( as it were ) together , according as the tongue is knit and combined , and first of all , to bethinke our selues very well , before wee let any worde passe from vs. Antequam loquaris , disce : because many euils doe proceed from the tongue , when lauishly it runnes at randome , without premeditation what is to be sayde . To this effect sayde the Apostle : Qui enim vult vitam diligere , & dies videre bonos , coerceat linguam suam à malo , & labia eius ne loquantur dolū : If any man long after life , and to see good dayes : let him refraine his tongue from euill , and his lips that they speake no guile . Pliny reporteth in his naturall Historie , and Solynus also affirmeth the same , that the Crocodile is a beast big enough , neuerthelesse it hath but a little tongue : and by reason he cannot put it foorth of his mouth , therfore he can forme no voyce at all with it . Euen so , they that are greatest in vertues , most prudent in their actions , and shine fayrest in goodnesse : they ought to be sparing of their speech , & very short of tongue , as knowing very perfectly : that In multiloquio non deerit peccatum . And Saint Iames sayth : Lingua quidem modicum est membrum , & magna exaltat : The tongue is a little member , & boasteth of great at things , therefore it should be guided by experience : hereupon it hapned , that many of the Philosophers bound themselues to perpetuall silence . Claudio . At any hand then the tongue must haue a strict bridle , that it may bee kept within ( as I thinke ) like fire , least it shoulde blaze abroade the flaming words of anger , furie , and disdaine : De ore eorum procedebat ignis , & fumus , & sulphur : Out of their mouthes went foorth fire , and smoake , and brimstone . The tongue is imprisoned within the teeth , like a theefe that hath fetters on his feete , and manacles on his handes : least getting abroade , hee should robbe other men of their honest fame . Acuerunt linguas suas sicut serpentes , venenum aspidum sub labiis eorū : They haue sharpned theyr tongues like serpents : Adders poyson is vnder their lips , sayth Dauid . It is chayned vp fast like a dog , least if it should get loose , it might snatch and bite at other mens honor , with foule detraction : Erue à framea Deus animam meam , & de manu canis vnicam meam . Deliuer my soule from the sword , my desolate soule frō the power of the dog . To good purpose is it , that our tongue should be sweete , Rose coloured , sharpe and flexible : but how much more neede hath it to bee close couched , and imprisoned , like a chast and comely mayden , least thereby should issue forth the virginall puritie of our soules , & so become deflowred , by the craftie and watchfull adulteries of the deuill . There bee many that haue all these properties of the tongue , but in quite contrary manner to our description . They are sweete of tongue , but how ? in flatterie : they are Rose coloured , but in rage , anger and rayling : they are sharpe , but in detracting : they are agill and flexible , but in various , deceiptfull and vnconstant speaking : they are close couched and shut vp too , but in enuying , as loath to imparte to others any goodnesse ( if they haue any at all ) that themselues are possessed of : So , they will be sure to brag , that they haue these fiue conditions , although it bee in a cleane contrary nature . Finis Cap. 7. The Argument . Approouing , that indiscretion in talke , makes the wise man himselfe to be reputed as a foole , and many haue incurred very great daungers , by talking carelesly and vnaduisedly . Among all tongues , the tongue of the flatterer is most perillous , and , by breathing foorth many euils , it interdicteth the trueth , especially among Noble personages , in whose houses flatterers do most of all abound , onely to enioy the goods which they possesse . This is confirmed by many liuely examples , sundry probabilities out of holy Scripture , and other similitudes : All which do plainly prooue , how displeasing to God , and hurtfull to men , is this wicked vice of flattery , that ( like another Iudas ) kils a man with kissing . Chap. 8. LODOVICO . The improuidence of many men in their talking , procu●eth diuers important disorders in any common wealth : onely through ●he tongues want ( in speech ) of those conditions , which ( for iust and equall direction ) are most necessarie in discoursing . And in regard Plato telles vs , That the heart of man endureth greater labour in refraining the tōgue , then in amendment of life : me thinkes men should therefore imploy all their forces , in curbing the tongue , to preuent infinite euills , and inconueniences of weightie import , yea , verily such , as when a man speakes confusedly , and without aduise , how wise soeuer he be , yet he is reckoned but as a foole or a mad man. And then this iudgement passeth on him , that many are wise by booke , which are but fooles in talke , and in speculation they know much , but in practise are most ignorant : the reason hereof is alleaged by Cicero , in one of his Epistles , where hee sayeth , That a man is knowne to be good or bad by the workes that he dooth : but whether he bee foolish or wise , that is discerned by the wordes hee speaketh . If a man be held for a fool in his country , by the words he speakes : what auayles instruction of doctrine , to make him most learned ? I haue known diuers , that in the doctors Chaire , or pulpit , for disputation , no man could go beyond them in learning : but yet in familiar conference , or sociable conuersing , none likewise could outstep them in foolishnes . Wherupon , look what honor they won in the chaire or pulpit , they lost it apparātly out of the school , which makes me of this mind , that a cōtinual silence were better out of the School , for maintenāce of the reputation gotten by learning , than ( by speaking weakly ) to staine the glory of good letters , with the idle froth of his owne sillinesse . Claudio . Such kind of men are apt to teach others good doctrin , yet haue as much need themselues to be taught wisedome : therefore , for the better apprehension of this vertue , the Schoole of Pythagoras were most meetest for them . But whence comes it ( I beseeche you ) that in the doctors Chaire , men are so wise , and yet in familiar conference , are little lesse then fooles , be getting themselues hatred by their owne tongues ? For doubtlesse , if so many enuy them for their learning , as many surely are ashamed of their conuersation , & all this happeneth by the tongue only . Lodouico . If you would know the reason hereof , it is thus , when they reade to their Schollers , they talke with other mens tongues , euē with those of the doctours , which they haue studied : but in their own familiar discoursing , they pronounce no more then the hart suggests : & the tongue being the true tel-tale of the hart , if the heart do keepe within the bosome , either lasciuiousnesse , pride , folly , immodesty or ambition , euen such are the speeches that flye from the tōgue . These are excellent instructers of others in the speculatiue cases , but haue mighty need of the practiue themselues , beeing empty of discretion , yet full of sciences . Claudio . I remember a singular example to this purpose , which I haue read of a certain king , who being the Father of three Sons : wold needs approoue , which of them was the wisest , & ( after his decease ) meetest for the gouernment of his kingdome , & began in this māner with them . My Sons , you haue diuers times deliuered by open apparance , & instant requests made vnto me , which of you three I would leaue as successor of my kingdome : which now I am resolued to let you know , & he shall be the only man among you three , that answers to my question with greatest wisedom , & thus it is . I would know of you all , ( if you might be transformed ) to what kind of Foule you wold best fancy to be compared , and likened ? The first answered , I would be like the Eagle , which is the bird of Ioue , and flyeth higher then all other foule : it stedfastly looketh vpon the Spheare of the Sun , and is the imprese for euery Prince , in regard of his especiall prerogatiue . The second sayde , I would bee like the Peacock , who hath the most delicate and fairest feathers of all Birds whatsoeuer . Quoth the third , I would be like the Crane , because he hath the longest neck , among all the foules of the ayre , and if hee had but the gift of speeche , he woulde be very wise and discreete in talking : for , whatsoeuer his heart conceited , hardly , and long time first would it be , before the mouth vttered it , because they stand so far asunder . And in this space , he may very well consider and deliberate , if what he hath to say , bee worthy vtteraunce or no. A matter very especially beseeming a king , rather then any other , who ought , in dooing or saying to bee gouerned by wisedome , to shunne the euill report , of dooing somthing vnbeseeming the wreath royall : as one very well sayde : Qui bene vult fari , oportet meditari . Lodouico . This third Son ( in my iudgement ) was worthier of the Crowne , then both the other , because he had greatest respect to the office of royall dignity . Pirrhus king of the Epirotes did not thus , who beeing demaunded by his sonnes , to which of them he would leaue the succession of his kingdome , made answere : Hee shall be my successour , that hath his sword keenest . Alluding thereby , that hee would leaue his Realme to him , who was aptest ( by armes ) to defend it : neuer considering , that oftentimes a kingdome is better defended by discreet ruling , & winning the harts of the people , then by stearne vnciuill Armes : for the principall nerue of the king , is the loue of his subiects , which by wisedome is sooner wonne , then by seuerity of war. Many kings had the Israelites , but none wiser then Salomon , and thence it ensued , that he enioyed his gouernement in the felicity of peace : so that not only he was neuer disturbed with wars , but likewise euery king accounted himselfe happy , that could attain to be combined with him in amity . Dauid was a martiall man , endued with great strength both from God and nature , so that in his younger dayes , he puld a Beare and a Lyon in pieces : Neuerthelesse , in the wordes that he spake , hee declared himselfe , to haue the neck of a Crane , and trusted more in wisedome , then in his owne might : Meditatus sum nocte cum corde meo , exercitab am , & scopebam spiritum meum . Signifying therby , this to be his conceite . Before I would open my mouth to speake , before I would let loose my tongue to speeche , & before I would mooue my lips to forme a word : Iimagined well in my heart , during the night time , on that which in the day ensuing , I was to vtter , because I would deliuer nothing with my mouth , that might not become the dignity of a king . My spirit exercised & practised , by forethinking , & then afterward pronouncing the same with my to●gue , it was to the glory of god , & edifying of my neighbour : therfore I swept , purged and clensed my thoughts , from al the filth of malice , slattery , infamy and trechery . Claudio . Quite contrary do they , that vtter whatsoeuer comes first to mouth , lashing it liberally foorth , without conceiting and foredeeming , whether it be good or euill , of whome wee may well speake that saying of Dauid : Ecce labia mea non prohibebo , Domine tu scist●s I will not refraine my lips , O Lord thou knowest . This is the reason why they commit many errors , and become euen vnlike an vntamed horse without a bridle : beside , oftentimes , by defect of the lips , the whole body and soule do suffer greeuance , dearly repenting , what the tongue hath wilfully blabd abroade : which , if not in this world , yet assuredly in the other , as Dauid , in very significant wordes testifieth in the 140. Psalme , Labor labiorum ipsorum operiet eos : Let the mischefe of their own lips come vpon them . And therfore I think the Latins called the lips Labia ; à labendo , quia per labia homo labitur in praeceps . Lodouico . Some hold , that he would , or else might haue sayd ; Labor labiorum ipsorum angustiabit , or rather vestiet eos : but in saying that the trauaile of the lippes shall couer them , signifieth , that there shall bee no parte of the bodie or the soule , but it will be anguished , by the defect of the lippes . Moreouer , such will bee the payne of the error , committed by the lippes , that their rage and choler beeing wasted , the damned shall deuoure vp their owne tongues , according as of some of them , the Secretarie of Christ Saint Iohn telles vs in his Apocalypse : Et commanducauerunt linguas suas prae dolore , & blasphemauerunt Deum coeli prae doloribus & vulneribus suis : And they gnawed their tongues for sorone , and blasphemed the God of heauen , for theyr paynes and their sores . Be more carefull and respectiue ( Oh negligent man ) in thy talking , and consider ( miserable wretche ) how manye are damned in hell , not so much for what they haue doone , as for their vile and blasphemous words spoken . Claudio . Sampson was a man of woonderfull strength , yet so soone as he was ouercome by an immodest sillie woman , he was bound , and deliuered into the hands of his enemies , who pluckt our his eyes , and made him ( like a beast ) to grinde in a mill : all which happened to him , by beeing ouer carelesse of his tongue , and too too readye in the labour of his lippes . Dauid exhorteth them , that forethinke not well what they woulde saye , to lay a punishment on themselues , answerable to such neglect , thereby to preuente a farre greater detriment : Quae dicitis in cordibus vestris , & in cubilibus vestris , compungimini : Examine your own harts , and in your chambers , and be still , as meaning , to inflict the penaltie there , where the crime was committed . The heart first contriued it , before the tongue spake it ; the hart first cried guiltie , ere the tongue did blab it : therefore the heart must haue his due chastisement imposed on it ; Sacrificate sacrificiū iustitiae &c : Offer the sacrifices of righteousnesse , &c. This sacrifice of righteousnesse , saith old Father Augustine , is the very same , where of king Dauid speaketh in another place : Sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus , cor contritum & humiliatum Deus non despicies : The sacrifices of God are a contrite spirit , a contrite and a broken heart ( O God ) thou wilt not despise . In the hart was first of all conceiued and committed the sinne of the tongue , therfore the Iibbet of death should first be set vp for the hart , & there , the soule dooing her true repentance , shee is to endure the iustice of sacrifice on her selfe , causing the hart to be intirely sory , euen from the very bottom therof , & to weep bloudy tears , in true compunctiō , promising , neuer to minister matter more to the tongue , without sincere & deliberate premeditation . Lodouico . The flatterer should haue some reason , to refrain his glib and oylie tongue , because silence is much better , then false and coyned lying speeches : for that is a sinne against nature , because , the tongue being the discouerer of the heart , in speaking otherwise then , then as the hart thinketh , it appears to haue some want in his naturall office . Pliny affirmeth , That the tongue of a man hath two veines , one correspondent to the hart , the other agreeable to the braine , the place where reason makes his abiding . It seemeth , that the diuine architect did this , to instruct thereby , that we ought not to haue one thing in the tongue , and another in the hart : much lesse should wee profer , with the tongue , all that is hidden and lockt vp in the heart , but only those things , wherof reasō hath first tasted . Whereupon the wise man sayd : Qui ambulat fraudulenter , reuelat arcana : qui autem fidelis est , celat amici commissum , The flatterer praiseth and blameth , not according to what he hath in his heart , but agreeable to that , which hee perceiues pleasing to him whome he would flatter : therefore he neuer fastneth on any proper sentence , but turnes and windes still euery way , not much vnlike the clapper of a bell , or like a vane on a house top , as the winde bloweth . Claudio . The Satyrick Poet , Iuuenal , paints him forth ( to the life ) in a Satyre of his . Rides ? maiori cachinno concutitur . Flet , si lachrimas aspexit amici ; Nec dolet : iguiculum , brumae si tempore posc●s , Accipit endromidem ; si dixeris , aestuo , sudat . Nocte dieque potest alienum sumere vultum , A' facie iacta●e manus , laudare parat us . Plato in his Phedon , and in Menexemus , calles the flatterer , A wilde furie infested in man , and au vncleane deuill , that with vnhappie meates , and hurtfull brutishnesse , nourisheth defiled thoughtes . He compares him likewise , To a Iuggler , an Enchaunter , or a poysoner , who by deceiuing wordes , worke mens mindes to their owne willes . Hee giues him also the name Of a seperator , because he is diuided in himselfe , keeping one thing in his breast , and vttering another with the tongue The Grashopper bathed in oyle , dyeth , but afterward , being washt with vinegar , he comes to life againe : Euen so , many are slayne by the oyly tongue of a flatterer , which afterwarde , by a iust reprehension , doone with charitie , doe recouer life againe . This made holy Dauid saye , Corripiet me iustus me in misericordia , & increpabit me : oleum autem peccatoris non impinguet caput meum . Let the righteous smite me , for that is a benefit , & let him reprooue me , and it shall be a pretious oyle , that shall not breake mine head . The reason heereof , his sonne Salomon teacheth vs , where hee sayeth : Meliora sunt vulnera diligentis , quàm frrudulenta oscula odientis . The woundes of a louer are better then the false kisses of a● e●emie . Lodouico . Let euery such tongue be dumbe in a christian common wealth , Muta fiant labia dolosa ; Let the lying lips be made dumb , which are like to the Lyon slayne by the Nazarite Sampson , that had hony in the mouth , and within the bowells was all full of vermine . Euen such are flatterers , all honye in their mouthes , but their inwards very verminous , and stinking with foule putrified intentions . They are like vnto Swans , who haue sweete songs in their mouthes , and are so adorned with the whitest feathers , as euerye one woulde iudge theyr flesh to bee as white and sightlye : notwithstanding , it is blacker then quenched coales . Therefore the children of Israell were forbidden to feede on them , as wee may reade in Leuitieus . In like manner , the tongue of the deceiuer , which in apparance makes shewe of a white conscience , onelye by fayre speeches , and sweete sound of counterfeited commendations : dooth neuerthelesse declare by euident proofe , that theyr heartes are fowllie diseased , and their consciences very oughly deformed , which makes mee holde it for an especiall good rule , to keepe out of the sent or sauour of such , and by no meanes to haue any conuersation with them . The Swanne dyeth singing , and the flatterer ( in his false praysings ) falles downe deade in sinne , and couets the death likewise of all such as listen to his lyes , therefore ; Muta fiant labia dolosa . Claudio . And who knowes ( my Lorde ) whether the holye spirite made allusion to this or no , when ( as wee reade in Deuteronomy ) the Israelites were commaunded : Non indueris vestimento , quod ex lana linoque contextum sit ? Thou shalt not we are a garment of diuers sorts : as of wollen and linnen together ? Little did the Lorde respect , whether the Hebrewes garments were wouen either of wollen , or of linnen ; but he well foresawe , that men were not truely simple , and adorned with puritye . Therefore hee prohibited a commixed garment of wollen and linnen , as forbidding ( thereby ) a double and mixed inwarde cloathing . As for example ; all deceiptfull arguings , kinde ceremonies , complementes , suting both to vile and wicked purpose . And such are the speeches of the flatterer , and false hearted , euen according to their resemblance within , for there they appeare to bee soft and delicate like linnen : but let them bee searched throughlye , and they will bee found to bee more sharpe , then the roughest wooll ; yet seeming , to be of most holy and obseruant kind of life . Lodouico . This similitude is more conuenable for hypocrytes , then any other of fraudulente and deceiuing condition : for outwardly , they will bee thought to bee of very stricte life , onelie , that the worlde may repute them to be holy : yet inwardly , are very impure and loathsome in their harts , of whom it is written : Populus iste ore suo , & labiis suis glorificat me , cor autem eius longè est à me : This people come neer vnto me with their mouth , & honor me with their lips : but haue remooued their heart far from me . In regard therfore silence is so conuenient , and more pleasing to God , then this idle labour without fruite : Muta siant labia dolosa . For they are sayde to be disgracefully silent , and strooke dumbe eternallie , whose prayses are vnfruitfull , and of no regarde in the presence of God. But , speaking of the flatterer , me thinkes , he hath a most apt comparison with the voyce called Eccho , whereof the wise man speaking , sayth : Resonans de altissimi● montibus Eccho : The sound or Eccho that answereth againe in the hollow mountaine . Eccho is the resoūding of the voyce , or of a noyse formed in concaue places & cauerny , & rebounding thence back again , such as perchance are the vallies , amōg the moūtains or stony places , & it hath this property : that if you sing , it sings again , if you lament , it lamēteth , if laugh , it laugheth , if speak , it speaketh , and in breefe , it is a counterfetting Ape of the voyce of man. Such in all respects is the flatterer , imitating the actions and gestures of him whom he seeketh to flatter : there is neuer any distinct or proper sentence in his mouth , but euermore he directs himselfe by opinion and forme , If his obiect speake well or ill , he affirmeth all : if he greeue , he also greeueth : if he laugh , he likewise ioyeth , and dooth euery thing till hee reache the height of his owne intent . This vice raignes too plentifully in princes Courts , and great mens dwellings , for they are the places of flatterers stipēdary wages , wherfore I hold it was sayd to very good purpose : Resonans de altissimis montibus . Because they cannot liue in lowe vallies , or in the humble dale of poore mens houses , where is no hope of any profite at all : therefore they flye to the highest , to the eminent mountaines of the greate , and to the goulden Sunne-shine of wealthye Seigniors . Moreouer , it is to be noated , that as the Eccho neuer answeres where a firme voyce is made , or when one smiteth , but as it were a far off , and in a contrary or ouerthwart place : Euen so the flatterer shapes his blow , & formes the appearance of faire words , in the eye only of him he flatters , but else-where it resoūdeth , in a further place it reuerberates , and the intention is in a quite contrary kind . Landant quem perdere volunt , sayth the goulden tongu'd Oratour . They are like vnto wine , which makes a shewe of descending downe to the heeles , yet mounts aloft vp into the head . Therefore , the great Lords of this world of ours , that haue their houses filled with flatterers , are more beggers , and barren of truth , then of mony . A rare example , and highly fitting our purpose , Plutarch telles vs , of king Antiochus , who going disguised into the cottage of a plaine country peazant , demaunded of him , What he heard abroade reported of the king . The poore man answered , and tould him the truth ; That very much euill was spoken of him , to weet , that he was an vniust man , a mightie taxer of his people , a despiser of the poore , and diuers such like other ill qualities . The King returning to his Palace royall , called for his secret chamberlaynes and pages , commaunding them to put on his kingly vestimentes , and taking the crowne from off his owne head , deliuered this most woorthye sentence . Auferte istam hinc , sine qua , vera de me audio , & rescisco . Take away this Crowne from before me , without which , I can heare the trueth of my selfe , but with it , a thousand lyes are toulde me . Claudio . Great is the infelicity of Princes , and potent Lords , who very seldome , or neuer know the trueth of themselues , onelye through the occasion of false and lying tongues . Miserable is hee , who by giuing eare to the fraudulente prayses of flatterers , knowes not his owne peculiar defectes : which ( in feare of his dignitie ) the good are likewise kept back from telling him , perceiuing him altogether caried away with theyr abhominable flatteries , whence springeth manye daungerous inconueniences , according as Saint Gregorie asfirmeth . Delinquentem namque eum redarguere nullus praesumit , & in exemplum culpa vehementer extenditur , quando pro reu●rentia ordinis peccator honoratur . The pestilent tongue of a flatterer , is compared to the tongue of a Cat , which although it bee verye flexible , and ready , yet it is notwithstanding verye hurtfull , and much enciting to the consumption : for , verye gladlye shee will licke a fat bodye , and ( by little and little ) consume him to lank leanenesse . The verye same propertye hath the flatterer : for , with his false tongue , hee will neuer leaue praysing the riche , smoothing , and euen licking ( as it were ) away the fatnesse of theyr temporall goods , till ( by little and little ) hee drawe awaye all , leauing him verye lanke , and leanelye diminished : wherefore woorthilye spake the wise man of such a tongue : Qui enim edunt pau●m illius , falsa lingua sunt : They that eate his breade , speake euill of him . Lodouico . Right well may they bee called false tongues , because they haue no other then a feigned appearance , euen like vnto a shadowe , which hauing no substaunce at all in it selfe , followeth the bodye opposed to the light , and by deceiptfull appearaunce , woulde make it seeme greater then it is : so that a childe , or a Peigmei dwarfe , thinkes himselfe thereby to be as greate as a Giant . And so , without any adiunction of substaunce , growes greater and greater by vanitye , counterfetting all the motions of the bodye , standes , sittes , walkes , and mooues , according as the bodye stands , fittes , walkes or mooues . The very like qualities may wee obserue in a flatterer , imitating and pursuing euerye action of his flattered obiecte , so long as the light of prosperous fortune lasteth : but that once clowding , the flatterer hides his heade also , as lacking more light , whereby hee might still followe the same body . The prayses of such mouthes , although they raise thee ( in imagined greatnesse ) to the heauens , set thy conceites on fire , with worthinesse of a diademe , and make thee presume beyond all compasse : yet all this notwithstanding , thou wast but a man at the first , thou art now become no more ; as for their commendations and vain counsels they were but idle shadows , hauing no other substance , but what thy follies lent them . Apes are they , in imitation of mens actions , Parats or Parochitoes in theyr voyces , speaking no more , then by the eare is taught them . They haue no certaintie of sentence , no stability in appearaunce , no permanencie in opinion : but euen ( like vnto water ) doe take the forme that the figure giues it , eyther round , square or triangulare . Let this pestiferous tongue bee silente , vnwoorthye of anye vse of speeche . Muta fiant labia dolosa . Claudio . This accursed kinde of tongue , besides his nourishing the sinner in all vice & disorder , it robs him of the very dearest thing he hath in all the world : namely , the trueth , for which men imploye their very vttermoste endeuours , and labour the very depth of all their studies : whereupon , they that ought most to be informed of the trueth , become banquerupts of it , by these dombe dogges , that better knowe how to fawne , then barke : Canes muti non valentes latrare : They are all dumb dogs , they cannot barke . Sen●●a writing most elegantly vpon this subiect , fayeth in his Epistle ad liber . suum . Monstrabo cuius rei inopia , laborant magna fastigia , & quid omnia possidentibus desit ; ille scilicet qui veritatem dicat . And in the second Epistle he iustifieth the same : Incredibile est multis , quàm magnos viros dulcedo orationis abducat Cookes are likewise resembled to flatterers , for they dresse the viands , and order thē in such māner , as they know to be most pleasing to their Lords taste . Biou of Boristhenes , the Athenian Philosopher , & a great Sophister , being asked , what kind of beast among al the rest , was most daungerous , presētly replyed , & very wisely , Inter fer as , tyrānus ; inter mansueta , adulator . Among the wilde , the tyrant , among the gentle , the flatterer . Lodouico . Assuredly , among the wilde beastes , what is more hurtfull and cruell , then they of tyrannous nature : who vniustlie will ouersway & command , where they haue no right , kill , robbe and vse violence , against all equitye ? Yet dooth a flatterers tongue surpasse this cruell tyrannye : because , vppon such manifeste insulting , the rest haue meanes , to saue themselues by flight : but the flatterers trecherous prayses , embraceth , inueigleth and so nousleth , as men dye by such deceiuing , and , by shewe of giuing life , receiue their owne death , onelye because the effectes worke contrary , to what the tongue vttereth . Like to a looking Glasse , which if one take in his hand , and looke circumspectly into it , hee shall euermore behold contrary operations to what himselfe dooth . If he looke into the East , the shadow represented in the glasse , it lookes directly into the VVest : if he turne to the West , then it beholds the East : if hee mooue the right arme , it stirres the left : if he close the right eye , it shuts the left . And euen thus is the behauioure of flatterers , they commend with theyr mouthes , when they condemne in theyr heartes , and when you imagine theyr mindes to be most of all on friendshippe , then are theyr heartes fixed onely vpon your purse . This made the Prophet Dauid to say : Dimiuutae suut veritates à filiis hominum . Vana loquuti sunt vnusquis que ad proximum suum ; labia dolosa , in corde , & corde loquuti sunt : The faithfull are failed frō among the children of men . They speake deceitefully euery man with his neighbour , flattering with theyr lippes , and speake with a double hart . Not vnlike the Harlot , that hath dishonest wordes in her mouth , when her intent is to the purse , which beeing once emptye , her vayne talke then ceasseth . Euen so deales the flatterer , riches once ended , all commendations are concluded : therefore as the fire is not nourished without fuell , or the Lampe without oyle , so flatterers cannot liue , but where substance and wealth is . Claudio . Our breath is hot or cold , according to the motion of the mouth : if you extend or enlarge the mouth wide , the breath that commeth foorth is verie warme and hote ; but make a restrainte with the lippes , and then the breath will bee as cold againe . Some resemblaunce likewise haue flatterers with this similie , if the purse mouth be largelye opened , and good summes of money doe come foorth : as wide doe they then stretche theyr mouthes , and no warmthe shall want of their hote praysings , beside , well tuned songs or Panegyricks of woonderfull ostentations . But restrayne the purses strings , to a narower compasse , and let no money at all bee seene : then , as close will they keepe theyr lippes , and curtall vp theyr fayre speeches , altering then the former noate , to a recanting Palinode , singing nothing but checks , blames and by-nippes , in cold breath , according to the saying of Dauid : Sepulchrum patens est guttur corum , linguis suis dolosè agebant : Their throate is an open sepulcher , with their tongues they haue deceiued . Lodouico . To this kinde of deceiuing , I thinke the wise man made his allusion , when hee sayde , that wee ought not iudge the wine , according to the pleasing sweetenesse thereof : because in drinking , it may rellishe sweete to the taste , but in the ende , bite like a Serpent , and cast his deadlye poyson abroade , like vnto a Cockatrice , therefore wee saye : Dulcia sunt amica natur● , and hence it comes , that a man beeing a friend to sweet things , happens to be stifled by them . N● intuearis vinum quando flauescit , cùm splenduerit in vino color eius . Ingreditur blandè , & in nouissimo mordebit vt coluber , & sicut Regulus venena diffundet . They that are delighted so much ( as Alexander Magnus ) with the sweete praises of their flatterers , become also by them stuffed and filled full of pride , like bladders bigge swolne with wind , and no other substance at all in them . Whose ending ( commonly ) is like that of Acteons , beeing eaten vp by the dogges which himselfe had nourished . VVherefore the Prophet Esay , foreseeing this euill , and that by such like beguilings of the tongue , many do suffer thē●elues to be deceiued , thus spake . Popule ●eus , qui te beatum dicunt , ipsi te de●●piunt . O my people , they that terme you happy , do deceiue you . Claudio . I am ( my Lord ) of your opinion , that the sweete deceiptes of such , do induce to much euill : & by their pleasing , do foster vp many vices . Antisthenes , Prince of the Cynick sect , Iudged it lesse harme to light into power of Rauens , then into the hands of flatterers . And another Philosopher , quarrelling with one about words , many vnseemely speeches ( threatning death ) passed between them . Quoth one of them : Perhpas I may line to see thee hangd , and then the Rauons . to come peck aut thine ayes ; whereto the other answered . Perhpas I may liue to see thee fall among flatterers , for Rauens peck out the eyes but of the dead onely , whereas flatterers dig them forth while we are li●ing . Wherefore , they that giue maintenance to such counterfaite tongues , are euen like vnto blind men , who very well heare what is sayde vnto them , but cannot behold any thing done . So are the flutterers heard & their blandishments fly liberally in mens faces : but fight of their dealing is bereft thē , they are led away by their smoothe enticing , till sweetelye they haue deuoured all their substaunce vp . This made Diogenes call Aristippus ( Dionisius flatterer ) a dog : and another time , a well coucht snare . Constantine called the flatterer , a Moth. Horace the Lirick Poet ; giues him the name of a Fox . Aeneas Siluius reporteth , that Sigisnound the Emperor , soothing a flatterer vp in his follie , and vsing familiar gestures with him , at last lifted vp his hād , & gaue him a good box on the eare , & the other finding fault with this iniury done him , sayd : Alas my Lord , why do you smite me ? the Emperor replyed . Why dost thou bite me ? A blowe is the best reward for a bite . And in sooth , it may be very aptly so tearmed , because nothing bites the soule more , in feeding it with the vaine breath of idle vices . The flatterers tongue dealeth , as a mother is wont to do with her young son , who crying , because she gaue him a blow for falling , she then payes him another , in a kind perswasion , that she did it to no other end , but because he should looke ere he leapt . So the flatterer , hauing made a yong nouice of his eare-tyed fondling , and so shrunke him , that he is scant able to stād any lōger , he giues him blowes , with one bitter gird or other , which the fool taking vnkindly , the flatterer shrinks away from him , bidding him , to be better aduised afterward . And then ( though too late ) he can well perceiue , that he commended vices to him , as if they had been vertues , that he led him in infamous courses , which true friends would haue checkt him for , and now as the flatterer ceasseth , euen so his former shame and follye ceasseth . Lodouico . These latter words of yours , make me call to minde an excellent example , which we read in holy Genesis , of Noahs posterity , who sayde one to another : Venite , faciamus nobis Turrim , cuius culmen pertingat ad Coelum . But they could not finish their labour begunne , for God confused their tongues in such manner , as one vnderstoode not what another sayde . VVhereby ensued , that when the murmurer asked for Lyme aboue , they beneath wold bring him vp stones , and when as hee did call for stones , then hee should bee sure to haue water . Heereuppon they were enforced to giue ouer worke , which before continued in progression , so long as they beneathe coulde supplye theyr demaundes aboue . The infamous Tower of sinne , pride and vayne glorie , wretched worldly men builded vp , against God , to make their names glorious on the face of the earth : and so long it lasted , and so high ascended , as , while their seruants and flatterers could minister matter to them , extolling what they did , soothing their conceite , and magnifying their vaine actions , the onely stuffe and furnishment , to build vaine glories towers withal . Whereas , if their sinnes had beene reprooued , their mightie follie and insolence checked : the worke had beene left off , and the weight of their offences better remembred . Philopoemines rehearseth , that a Trumpet of the contrarye Armic , beeing taken in the battayle , the Generall gaue commaund that hee shoulde bee slaine : to whome the Trumpet answered ? Wherefore should I be slaine , that neuer vnsheathed my sword against any man in the field ? Whereto the Generall replyed . Albeit with thy weapon thou hast not kild any man , yet with thy mouth thou hast giuen death to many , prouoking on the violent furie of the battatle , by the sound of thy trumpet sent from thy mouth . Euen so doe flatterers murther more , by false extolling and supporting their vices , then are slayne in a field of enemies , by the hands of valiant souldiers ; which made the Prophet Ieremie saye : Venite , percutiamus cum lingua . Claudio . It is most true , that much ( beeing gotten by the false tongue . ) makes more errors escape , then else would haue bin committed . Seneca decalareth , that euery time Xenocrates sounded his Trumpet , Alexander the greate , hearing it , would draw foorth his sword , although he was not in war , yet euen as if he had been in the battaile fighting . The dancing instructer , or teacher of dancing , no sooner heareth the Lute or the Violen , but his feet begin to moue presently : & so soone as the flatterer lets his lying tongue walke , it puffes vp proud minds immediatly , which conceite of their own vain glory . VVhen Ieroboam made the golden Calues , and the people honoured them as so many Gods : there wanted no pray●ers of his workemanshippe , cup-quaffers , singers , dauncers and feasters . So when Aaron erected the golden Calfe , in the plaine by the steepe mounte Sinai : mayne commended this ill acte of Aarons , saying : Hi sunt Dij tui Israell , qui te eduxerunt de terra Aegypti : These bee thy Gods O Israel , which brought thee out of the land of Aegypt . VVhereuppon , they builded Altars , offered sacrifices , making solemne feastings , they sung , sounded and daunced , at the dedication of theyr Altars : Quod cum vidisset Aaron , edificauit altare coram eo , & praeconis voce clamauit , dicens : Cras solemnitas Domini est . Surgentesque mane , obtulerunt holocausta , & hostias pacificas , & sedit populus manducare , & bibere , & surrexerunt ludere . When Aaron sawe that , he made an Altar before it , and Aaron proclaymed , saying : To morow shall be the holyday of the Lord. So they rose vp the next day in the morning , and offered burnt offerings , and brought peace offerings : also the people sate them downe , to eate and drinke , and rose vppe to play . See what ensueth of the flattering tongue , of howe much euill it was the occasion , by infamous prayses . If Ieroboam and Aaron had had anye about them , that in charitye and zeale woulde haue reprooued them , as they had manye flatterers , commending theyr vnworthye worke : doubtlesse they had neuer moulded and framed those Calues . Therefore very well sayde the Prophet Ose , speaking of such flatterers : In malitia sua laetificauerunt Regem . They make the king glad with their wickednesse . If this tongue of the flatterer , doe nurse vp so much euill in the commonwealth , but more especially in Princes Palaces , and great mens houses : much better were it for all Christendom , to sentence it selfe with perpetual silence , and be ( as it were ) eternallye dumb , then either by gestures of the bodie , or with the tongue , to be flatterers of any . An infectious plague , a damnable disease , a sweete poyson , and a deadly hony baite , is the tongue of a flatterer : inueigling by entising , poysoning by smoothe perswading , and ( like to a second Iudas ) killing men by kissing . Finis Cap. 8. The Argument . Discoursing of the leasing and lying tongue , what an infamous sinne a lye is , and how highly God is pleased with trueth : of whose excellencie and beauty , ariseth a profitable short discourse , concluding , that a strict silence is more commendable , then telling of lyes . which are a greatly displeasing to God , because he is the truth himselfe . Also approouing , that lying is so brutish and damnable , a● no one can so much as thinke thereon , without a purpose , to deface some part of trueth . Chap. 9. LODOVICO . Flatterie ( for certaintye ) is a most vile sinne , as already hath beene at large approoued , but ( in any case ) I account that to be a greater sinne then it , which ( by contemning the trueth ) flatters it selfe more then the flatterer can doe ; for , if the flatterer were not listened vnto , neither could he continue , or any one be flattered by him . But man is such an enemie , to reprehension of errors committed , as he can no sooner heare himselfe ( by trueth ) reprooued : but immediately ariseth , an intestine hatred toward the reproouer , whereupon first sprung the auncient adage , Verit as odium parit . From hence afterward ensued ; that , in regard men were so enuious against reproose , others became as silent , contrary to the debt of charity , and no man woulde check his neighbours vice , because he made a scruple of displeasing him : but rather commended his error , as if it had bin a vertue , & this was no other then meer flatterie it selfe . Man of himselfe is so proude by nature , as he would not willingly be reprehended : beside , he is such a louer of liberty , as he would haue all things lawfull , which likes himself to act . Trueth hath a greate proportion and similitude , with hony , which although it be sweete : yet neuerthelesse , beeing applyed to any wound , it makes it to suffer great anguish . So the trueth , though it be amiable , most excellent , and of all to be desired , yea euen of the lyer himselfe , who albeit he lyes willingly , and hath therefore no regard , but of them to whome he telles his lyes : yet notwithstanding , to the vulnerated and smitten sinner , very greeuously gasht and wounded with sinne , it is painefull and bitter , when his faultes are iustly reprooued by trueth . Therefore the Prophet Esay , lamenting for such , called them : The sons of lying , louers of lyes , and enemies to the diuine lawe , which is nothing else but the truth . For Dauid sayth : Omnia mandata tua veritas : All thy commandements are trueth . Hereupon it arose , that men would say to holy Prophets , and preachers of the trueth : speake of tastable things , and such as are pleasing , stand not to disturb our content with reprehensions . Filii mendaces , filii nolentes audire legem Dei , qui dicunt vident ibus ; nolite videre , loquimini nobis placētia . Afterward it came to this passe , that euery one perceiuing , how loth men were to haue their iniquities blamed : some gaue themselues to publique applause , and became pleasers of mens affections , not onely forbearing to reprooue them , but meerely extolled them . Whereat God grew so aggreeued , as he sayd by Ieremie the Prophet . Stup●r & mirabilia facta sunt in terra : Prophetae prophet abant mendacium , & sacerdotes applaudebant manibus suis , & populus meus dilexit talia , quid igitur fiet in nouis simo eius ? An horrible and filthy thing is committed in the land : The Prophets prophecie lyes , & the priests receiue gifts in their hands , and my people delight therein . What will ye then do in the end thereof ? As much to say , as when shall these lyes appeare before the high trueth , God himselfe ? Of these and such like , that loue flatteries , and become refusers of holy correction , Saint Paul foretold , when he wrote vnto Timothy . Erit enim tempus , cùm sanam doctrinam non sustinebunt . Sed ad sua desideria coaceruabunt sibi magistros , prurientes auribus , & ● verit●●● quidem auditum auertent , ad fabulas autem conuertentur . For the time will come , when they will not suffer wholesome doctrine . But hauing their eares itching , shall ( after their owne lustes ) get them an heape of teachers : and shall turne their eares from the truth , and shall be giuen vnto fables . Man then becōming a contemner of truth , was the cause why so many gaue themselues to flatterie , & to lyes , wherby we may safely say : Veritas odium parit . Claudio . A monstrous birth , of so faire and noble a mother , was it for trueth to beget hatred . Lodouico . A thousand examples doe giue faithfull witnesse , of this infamous child birth . Saul grew into hatred against Ionathan his owne Son , because with trueth he excused the innocence of Dauid , and reprooued his vnfatherly cruelty and vniust persecution . Balaac the king of the Moabites hated Balaam , because he tould him the truth , and could not curse the people of Israel . Achior the Ammonite was hated of Holofernes , Prince of king Nabuchadnezzers army , & caused him to be strictly bound to a tree , because he told the trueth , in speaking of the Hebrew people . For speaking the trueth , Ionathas the Sonne of Gedeon was murthered by Abimilech , reproouing him but iustly . Ieremie , reprehending king Asa , was therefore cast in prison , with fetters on his feet . Iohn Baptist , telling king Herode of his vnlawfull mariage , lost therefore his head . Daniell , because he told the Babylonians , that Bel & the Dragon were not Gods , was cast into the den of Lyons . All the holy Martyrs were slaine by wicked Tyrants , and other iust men most cruelly persecuted , for no other cause , but for openly speaking and iustifying the trueth . I haue read of a vertuous religious man , & according to some writers , it was venerable Beda of England , who had his eyes puld out for speaking the truth , in manner following . In search of ancient monuments in Rome , there was foūd a goodly door of Marble , on the forefront wherof , these letters were engrauen . P. P. P. S. S. S. R. R. R. F. F. F. many good wits were called , to expresse the true sense of them , but none knew directly how to construe them . At last this reuerend man was sent for , because ( in those times ) he was greatly esteemed : for the same of his study in good letters , was far & neer renowmed . He looking on these mysterious letters , gaue the true interpretation of them , as followeth . The three P. P. P. signified Pater Patria Profectus est . the three S. S. S. were thus read , Sapientia , Secum Sublata est . the three R. R. R. had this meaning , Regnum Romae Ruet , the three F. F. F. were thus interpreted . Ferro , Flamma , Fame . And because he told the truth , he was thought to prognosticate the ruine of Rome , and for his reward , had his eyes pluckt out . Claudio . Alas my Lord , what needes so long a discourse , or expence of time , in approouing , how odious trueth hath been , and yet is to the world it selfe ? For , the only truth it selfe , the Son of God , what trauailes endured he in the world ? al which he suffered for the trueth , for confession whereof , the Nazarites , his neighborly compatriots , would haue throwne him from the mount whereon their citty was builded . For the trueth , the Iewes tooke vp stones to stone him withall : for the truth , they prosecuted him euen to death , & at last , he dyed for the truth . Ego sum veritas : I am the truth . Ego in hoc natus sum , & ad hoc veni in mundum , vt testimonium perhibeam verit ati . For this cause am I borne , and for this cause came I into the world , that I should beare witnesse vnto the truth . Hee came to teache trueth to the world . Si veritatem dico vobis , quare non creditis mihi ? And If I say the truth , why do ye not beleeue me ? He came to teach vs the holy law , whose precepts are not other then truth . Omnia mandata tua veritas : All thy commandements are truth . The kingdome of heauē suffereth violēce : and to apprehend it , there are no armes more meet then truth . Scuto circundabit te verit as eius : His truth shall be thy shield and buckler . When Christ ascended into heauen , he promised nothing else to his disciples , but the spirit of trueth . Expedit vobis vt ego vadam . Si autem abiero , mittam ad vos spiritum veritatis . It is expedient for you that I goe away : but if I depart away , I wil send you the comforter , the spirit of truth . If the holy spirit do teach men any thing , it is nothing else but truth . Cùm autem venerit ille Spiritus veritatis , docebit vos omnem verit atem . Howbeit , when he is come which is the spirit of truth , he will leade you into all truth . If the Father would be worshipped , he would haue it done in spirit and truth : Adorabunt patrē in spiritu & veritate : They shal worship the Father in spirit and truth . If that we be made free : verit as liberauit vos : The truth hath set you free . The word of God is nothing else but trueth : Sermo tuus verit as est : Thy word is trueth . If Christ be persecuted . it is for speaking the trueth Quaeritis me interficere , hominem , qui veritatem vobis loquutus sum : you goe about to kill me , a man that haue told you the truth . If God be sayd to be sorie for Lucifer , for no other cause is it , but for hauing forsaken the trueth . Ille homicida erat ab initio , & in veritate non stetit , quia non est veritas in eo . He hath bin a murtherer from the beginning , & abode not in the trueth , because there is no truth in him . If God be sayd to greeue for men , he lamenteth for nothing else , but because they left the trueth , and addicted themselues vnto lyes . Non est in ore eorum veritas , cor eorum vanum est . Filii hominum vsque quò graui Corde , vt quid diligitis vanitatem , & quaeritis mendacium ? There is no trueth in their mouth , within they are very corruption . O ye sons of men , how long will you turne my glory into shame , louing vanity , and seeking lyes ? If God do sweare , he sweares the trueth : Iurauit Dominus Dauid veritatem , & non frustrabitur eum . The Lord hath sworne in trueth vnto Dauid , and he will not shrinke from it . If God do draw neere to any man , it is in regard of the truth : Prope est Dominus omnibus inuocantibus eum in veritate . The lord is neer vnto all that cal vpon him in trueth . If he giue heauen to vs mortalles , it is onely to such , as speake the trueth . Domine , quis habitabit in tabernaculo tuo , aut quis requiscet in monte sancto tuo ? Qui loquitur veritatem in corde suo , qui non egit dolum in lingua sua . Lord , who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle , who shall rest in thy holy mountaine ? He that speaketh the trueth in his hart , he that hath no guile in his tongue . There is nothing more acceptable to God , then trueth is , because he is the trueth it selfe . Therefore Stobeus telles vs , that Pythagoras being demanded ; what thing men ought to doe , to be like vnto God , made answere : Let them speake trueth because God is trueth , the center for full confirmation , & the scope wherat all vertues aime . Aeschines the Philosopher and Oratour , the corriuall of Demosthenes , in a certaine Oration which he wrote against him , sayeth , That the power of trueth is such , as without it , all strength is weakenesse ; all wisedome , follie ; all temperance , turpitude ; all iustice , reuenge ; all humility , deceipt ; all patience , to no purpose ; chastity is hurtfull ; riches are but losse , and pitty meere vanity . For trueth , among all substances , it is the cheefest ; among the heauens , the imperial ; among mettals , pure gold ; among the elements , the fire ; among pretious stones , the Carbuncle ; among Sciences the most celebrate . And as without light , light cānot be seen , euen so without trueth we can neuer attaine , see nor enioy God , the only soueraigne trueth of all . Anacharsis the Philosopher , speaking of the trueth , sayth . It is a health free from all sicknesse ; a life that neuer dieth ; an antidote that preserueth all ; a Sun without setting ; a Moone neuer eclipsed , a doore neuer shut ; a walke neuer weary ; neither is there any thing in the world more high , more profound , more long , more large more auncient or more new , then is truth , the light of heauen , and splendour of the earth . The trueth is in such esteeme with God , that albeit ( in his owne bounty ) he winkes at some sinnes , yet will he neuer pardon him that belyeth the trueth , which made the holy Prophet to saye : Perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendacium . Thou shalt destroye all them that speake lyes . Lodouico . And woorthily too , because there is no sin , which more opposeth it selfe against God , beeing the trueth selfe , then lying dooth . For it is a sin against nature , which peruerteth and defaceth all naturall order , in regard that nature did ordaine the voyce and speeche , to the end , that thereby one might manifest to another , the true conceipte of his minde , as the Philosopher affirmeth in the first chapter of his Periermenia . VVhence Plato likewise tooke occasion in his Thymeus , to saye : Propter hoc nobis datus est sermo , vt praestò forent mutuae voluntatis indicia . They then that sound otherwise with their words , then the heart thinketh , do lye , and go against the order naturall . Wherfore the Angelical doctor , in his 2. 2. q. 110. a. 3. sayth . Innaturale est , & indebitum , quòd aliquis voce significet , id quod meute non habet . And his master saith , 2. sen . d. 35. Mendacium grauis simum est , in quantum est privatiuum ordinis secūdum mores , ad optimum finem , qui est veritas . And Tully making of lying , sayth . Mendacium est falsa significatio vocis , cum intentione fallendi . Lying ( then ) beeing such an enormous sinne , deseruedly should lyers be seuerely punished , as enemies to God , & sons of the deuill . Therfore ( saith Saint Ambrose , ) Brethren , keep your selues from lying , because all such as loue lyes , are children of the deuill , Christ ( sayeth Chrisostome , vppon Saint Matthewe ) is such a louer of the trueth , as hee will make no acceptaunce of a lyer . Claudio . If by the fairenesse of the light , the fowle deformitie of darkenesse is discerned : by the excellencie of trueth , we may easilye perceiue the brutish shape of lying , which is a vice so infamous , as the deuill himselfe ( the father of lyes ) had not the courage to do it in his own proper forme , but tooke vpon him the shape of a Serpent . And Saint Paul sayth , that oftentimes he chaungeth himselfe selfe into an Angell of light , when hee woulde fasten a beleefe of lyes in men . Ipse enim Sathanas transfigurat se in Angelum lucis . For Sathan himselfe is transformed into an Angell of light . Moreouer , his ministers and children doe the same , knowing there is nothing more infamous and odious to men , then lying is : therefore of them writes the same Apostle to the Corinthians : No● est ergo magnum , si ministri eius transfigurentur velut ministri iustitiae , quorum finis erit secundum opera ipsorum . Therefore it is no great thing , though his ministers transforme themselues , as though they were the ministers of righteousnesse , whose end shall be according to their works . Trueth is so faire and so louely , as they themselues that take delight in beguiling others with a lying tongue , hould nothing dearer , neither can bee more displeased , then to bee deceiued with a lye . Can there then be sound any thing more brutish , more misshapen and horrid , then is a lye , that is so offensiue to him that telles it ? God cannot abide it , because he is trueth it selfe : the deuill , when he does it , transformes himselfe into an Angell of light : and man , he mantles it vp in colours , and ouerclokes it with some shewe of trueth , because hee woulde not bee held for a lyer . Chilo , discoursing on trueth , sayth . It is a publique faithfull bond , that neuer perisheth : a shield , that cannot bee pearced through ; a firme certainty , neuer to be perturbed : an army , that cannot be daunted : a flower that neuer fadeth : a Sea , neuer tempested : a safe arriuing port , without any perill . Shall then such an excellent thing as trueth is , bee counterpoised with a matter so misshapen as a lye is ? Claudio . A lye is so offensiue to the Lord , as holy Anselme sayeth , That God , as patron of the vniuersall world , may ( in some sort ) be sayd to dispense with theft , not accounting it such a weighty sinne , as he tolerated the fault of the children of Israel , who despoyled the Aegyptians of all their gold and pretious things , winking likewise at the breache of the other precepts : but he neuer yet dispensed ( for at were a great sin to say he did ) with lying , being a thing most pernicious and damnable , euen a meere denying of himselfe , who is the onely truth . Beside , it is well worthy consideration , to note , that Christ neuer called any sinner , Sonne of the deuill , but onely the lying man. Vox ex patre diabolo , estis , & desyderia patris vestri vultis facere : illae homicida erat ab initio , & in veritate non ste●it . Ye are of your father the deuill , and the lustes of your father ye will do : he hath beene a murtherer from the beginning , and abode not in the trueth . Can there be found a greater infamy in the world , then this , to be the son of the deuill ; the subiect of the deuill ; gouerned by the deuill ; possessed with the diuell , and directed by the deuill ? How can a man stand , but like one confounded , when he but thinks of vttering a lye ? whereby he makes himself most odious to God , & to al creatures which are capable of reason . Claudio . A miserable procreation , a most vile seruitude , an accursed subiection , & a most detestable gouernment . Lying polluteth the vnderstanding ( whose only obiect is trueth ) & there becommeth the root of disloyalty , the occasion of fraude , the mother of malice , the nurse of violence , the cordiall of detraction , the heire of murmuring , the gossip of hypocrisie , the destructiō of truth , the perditiō of neighbourly faith , the rooter vp of true friendship , and the vtter losse of faith , concord , vnity and peace . He that takes a delight in lying , is so generally hatefull and condemned , that he cannot be beleeued when hee speaketh truelye , and euery one points at him with his finger . Lying is become such a merchandise through the whole world , as there are very fewe merchauntes , but they make a vse thereof . But ( by the iust iudgement of God ) see what ensueth thereon , when they expect to become rich , they growe very poor , and not knowing the reason thereof , can say nothing else , but that their traffique makes no such returne now , as heeretofore it hath doone , laying all the blame on fortune , and vnluckie speeding ; whereas rather they shold say , that it is the desertfull chastisement of God , and that for their owne defrauding in their trade , the trade it selfe defraudes them . Euen so is deceipte punished with deceipte , and lying is corrected by lying . So sayeth the Propet Dauid : Mendaces filii hominum in stateris , vt decipiant ipsi de vanitate in idipsum . The children of men are but vaine , deceiptfull vpon the weights , and are altogether lighter then vanitye it stlfe . Hee that selleth , sweareth , that the ware is good , and he that buieth , sweares , that it is naught : the one or other lying , offendeth God , contaminates his owne conscience , and beguileth his neighbour , euen as if with the thruste of a Launce , at one stroke , three are seuerally wounded . Now what woulde you haue God do with this lying tongue ? Pordes omnes qui loquuntur mendacium . Therefore was it ( sayeth Saint Augustine , writing vpon Saint Iohn , ) That Christ our Sauiour chased the buyers and sellers foorth of the Temple in Ierusalem , in signe , that by their lyes , they shall be driuen foorth of the heauenly Temple . Eiecit omnes vendentes & ementes de templo . Lodouico . Let me tell you my Lorde , that lying ( at this day ) is risen to such a height , as wee can hardly trust any man , such is the mighty aboundance of lyers : whereby ensueth , that euen to writings , confirmed by witnesses , fortified with seals , and made authenticall by publique Notaries , great outrage is committed , a thousand deceipts interposed , & no meane store of lyes enforced , to beare down a plaine & manifest truth . I deny not but the writings of publique Notaries are necessarie , as necessarie euilles , that take head onely by the worldes malice : yet in former ages , such transcriptes were thought vnmeete , because men were then so true , both in worde and deede , as one honest simple worde , stoode in steede of an authenticall instrument . Laban was a man very cauillous and stricte , notwithstanding , betweene him and Iacob his sonne in lawe , in so many couenants as passed betwixt thē , in steed of writings , they made a heape of somewhat , or set vp a stone on end like a piller , in sign & witnesse of an inuiolable faith , which by Laban was called in his proper tongue , Tumulus testis , & by Iacob , Aceruus testimonij . Abraham buying a field of ground his word only serued , instead of a most firme bargain and contract . Of this faithfulnesse in men , it ensued that God giuing the lawe of circumcision , caused it not to be written , but to passe by tradition to posterity , and they inuiolably obserued it . But afterward , the malice of men encreasing , and getting such head , that they defrauded the most auncient contractes , and the soundest established couenauntes : vndoubtedlye , if God had pleased ( simply from his own mouth ) to haue deliuered his laws , without manifest setting them down in writing , they would haue inserted a thousand lyes ( deuised out of their owne braines ) among them . Hereupon it followed , that afterward , when he gaue his lawes to the Hebrewes , he gaue them in writing , not simply in paper , set down with a weak pen , or easily to be blured or raced out : but gaue them ingrauen in the hardest marble , to the end , that neither by the force of knife , or any other instrument whatsoeuer , they might be altered or defaced . Doe you not see ( my Lorde ) that although the holy Gospell was faithfully written , by the blessed Euangelistes , the Scribes and Notaries to the highest God : yet notwithstanding , the seducing deuill and Father or lyes , hath sought continual●ye , to sullie the pure whitenesse thereof , with a thousand black errors , neuer ceassing , to rayse vp heresie and schismes in the Churche of God ? Claudio . I remember , and very pertinent to this purpose , that the Aegyptians made such strict account of their word , as for maintenance thereof , they haue lost their liues . Whereupon , Herodotus , a most auncient writer , making report of the Aegyptians , sayth . That in making a bargaine , a confederacy , or a coniunction of new amity , one ioyneth his greater fingers ▪ to the other parties , and eche letteth them bloud . Afterward , with their tongues they lick off the bloud , wherewith eche signed the others hand , inferring by this ceremony , that first they wil make expence of their vttermost drop of bloud , & willingly dy , rather then speake false , or lye one to another . If such faithfull dealing were at this daye in the worlde , men wold be aduertised by so many warnings , and neuer stand with such suspicious thoughts , euermore fearefull to be deceiued . For in deed , these dayes doe affoord such plentie of lyers , as we may saye with the Prophet Ose . Non est veritas interra . Mendacium & maledictum inundauerunt ; propter hoc lugebit terra , & infirmabitur omnis qui habitat in ea . There is no trueth in the land . By swearing and lying , they breake out . Therfore shall the land mourne , and euery one that dwelleth therin shall be cut off . A greate chastisement was this which God denounced against lyers , in regard that for so detestable a sin , all the dwellers vpon earth should be taken away . And very woorthily , is such a punishment inflicted on them ( sayeth Father Augustine vpon the Psalmes ) because by lying , they diuide themselues from what is , and adhere to that which is not , therfore their sentence is , to be made iust nothing . Per des omnes qui loquuntur mendacium . Lodouico . A man capable of reason , making accounte of honor , should at least ( in regard of honour it selfe ) speake the trueth , because there can be no greater confronting of a man , then to beare him downe with lyes . For the lyer hath no credite with any man , and while he labours to maintaine a lye , he doeth but ratifie it with lye vpon lye , false oaths and vehement asseuerations , yea many times hee calles God to beare witnesse of his lying . Can there bee a greater sinne then this , to outface the vncreated trueth it selfe ? In the kingdome of Bohemia , ( although there be lyers there , as well as in any other part of the world ) yet notwithstanding , they hold it for most certaine , that hee that telles a lye in the iudgement place , vndoubtedly that verye yeere shall dye , and sooner by some euill kinde of death , then otherwise : for feare whereof , you shall haue very fewe there forwarde to swearing . Now albeit this is but a superstition , life and death remaining in the Lordes hand onely : yet we cannot but confesse it for most true , that God ( as a iust Iudge ) will giue seuere correction to lyers and false swearers , either earlie or late , as we vse to say . And what sayth the wise man ? Os quod mentitur , occidit animam : The mouth that speaketh lyes , sleyeth the soule . And we may hold it for most certaine , that as there is no agreement at all between light and darknesse : euen so there can be no standing together of God the highest truth , & wretched lying man , acccording as himself saith , by S. Iohn in his Apocalyps : Non intrabit in eam aliquid coinquinatū , aut abhominationem faciens , & mendacium . And there shal enter into it no vncleaue thing , neither whatsoeuer worketh abhomination or lyes . Now let vs see , what thing is more abhominable , more miserable , more dolorous , more foolish and more impious , then for a man to depriue himselfe of all goodnesse , of glorie eternall , and to bee condemned into euer burning fire , in the company of most horrible deuils : only for vaine wordes , that endure no longer then their very vtterance ? Claudio . The face of trueth is so sweete and amiable , and the priuiledges of her sonnes are so famous , as euery one reporteth the greatnesse of them , and without dreade of any penaltie , they may boldly speake the trueth . The honest true speaking man may goe euerye where , with his face vnmasked , all men repose trust in him , none can accuse him , without anye feare hee may freely talke with all men , and hee shall bee sure neuer to wante friends . Looke vpon the contrary stampe , I meane the lyer and false speaking man , he is shunned of al , he playes least in sight , he is accounted as lothsome , no man dare trust him , none will beleeue him , no , euen when he speaketh the trueth . Moreouer , trueth is of it selfe so strong , as it ouercomes all things , and so durable , as it contendeth with eternitie . Veritas Domini manet in aeternum . The trueth of the Lord endureth for euer . Bethinke your selfe ( my Lorde ) I pray ye , of that so publike sentence , which the yong man gaue to Darius , in fauour of the trueth . Lodouico . I remember the yong mans glorious victory , against his other companions : but I haue forgotten the māner , & what were his words to them . Claudio . Among the infinite multitude of most noble Courtiers , which Darius king of Persia had attending on him , there were three very comely and wise young men , beeing of the Guarde , and keepers of the kings person , awaiting in his secret lodging as chamberlaines . These met together , and concluded to propound , or vtter foorth an Enigmae in the presence of the king , and he , that in the iudgement of the kings wise councell , did with greatest discretion vnfold it , should haue most pretious gifts , & sit next in person to the king , as is at large to be read in the booke of Esdras . All three did put , vnder the pillowe royall , the solution of the mysticall sentence , consisting of these fewe wordes : What thing in the world was strongest . Being left vnder the bed pillow , as hath bin said already , the first said , that the strongest thing was wine , the second said , the king was stronger , but the third , whose name was Zerobabell , he wrote , that women were strongest , but yet trueth ouercommeth all things . The king beeing risen from his bed , eche one seuerally presented his solution , and all the Magistrates , Senators , Consuls & Pretors of Persia , being congregated together : the Enigmae was publiquely read in the presence of them all , as also the meaning therof : wherupō the yong men being called , they were commāded ( one after another ) to yeeld a reason of their seueral opinions , & the first in order , beginning , thus spake ; I say that wine is strongest , because the power thereof seduceth all mens mindes , yea euen the kings , or the very wisest men in the worlde ; it makes a man secure and iocond , and to forget all melanchollie , debt , dreade of the king , or any publique magistrate : it causeth him to take armes , and rush into very perillous stratagems , yet in short while after , all these things doe vanish from remembrance . He ceassing , the second followed in this manner , Men doe possesse both Sea and land , and the king is aboue them all , who only by his authoritie , without stirring from his regall throne , makes but a beck and it is obeyed , giues but commaunde to his subiectes , and they fulfill what he would haue doone : he throwes downe houses , ruinateth citties , killeth men , abafeth mountaines , exalteth vallies , enioyneth tributes , erecteth Palaces , buildeth cities , planteth vines and other trees , the king onely keepes in his royall citie , and his commaunde stretcheth to infinite others , yet none dare bee so hardy as to disobey it . Is hee not strong then , quoth hee ? and so concluded . The thirde appearing , in an humble habite , and very comely behauiour , made lowe reuerence to the kings Maiesty , and afterward to all his assembled Councell , and thus beganne to maintaine his solution . Greate Lordes , in so much as I discerne the king to bee strong , and wine also strong , enforcing dotage and vnaduised boldnesse yet find I another thing to go beyond both the one & the other . Now what may it be , that so highly predominateth , if not a woman ? A woman brought foorth the king , and all those men that ouerrule both Sea and land , yea , those that planted vines , from whence the wine commeth , yea , eche one of them , that doe such memorable deedes of valour , was borne of a woman , who is the glorie of man , his iewell , ioye and cheefest contentmente , from whome ( it appeares ) hee cannot bee seperated . If hee get riches , if hee haue heapes of gold and siluer , if hee enioye pearles , iewelles and pretious stones , if he haue faire and costlie garments : yet if he see a woman acceptable in his eye , he giues them all to her , euen with highest contentment . He forsakes his Father that be got him : his mother that gaue him birth , and man giues himselfe ( in so bountifull manner ) to his wife , as he neither mindes his deare country , his most affected friendes , or any thing else beside , but only addicts himselfe to a woman . Nay , that which is much more , many do leaue their own houses , and ( with armed weapons ) enter woods and other places , to set vpon passēgers , yet bring their infamous theft home to their esteemed women . Diuers haue slaine themselues for women , others haue become foolish and mad , and others liued as slaues and poore seruantes for them . I haue seen Apemena , daughter to Bezacis , & Concubine to the king , sit vpon his right hand , and ( with vndaunted boldnesse ) take frō off the kings head , his Crown imperial , & set it on her own head : nay more , & far beyond that ( O mighty impudency ) she grew on into such audaciousnes , as she dared to giue the king a blow with her hād , & he patiently endured it . Is not a woman much stronger , then either wine , or the king ? The king in his Maiesty , and all his congregated counsellers , stoode amazedly looking one vpon another , deliuering gestures of greate admiration : when yet , the thirde young man beganne againe , and spake concerning trueth , in order ensuing . Great is the earth , excelse the heauens , and most swift the course of the Sunne , for in one day he wheeles about the whole globe of the earth : but he that made all these things by his high wisedome , made also the truth , which is far more strong then all things else created . All countries calles vpon trueth , heauen it selfe hath blessed it , all the creatures honoured it , yea , haue stood in feare and trembling of it , because there is no iniquitye at all in it . The king is wicked , wine is wicked , women are wicked , all the sonnes of men are wicked , and all their workes wicked , for there is no trueth in them , and in their wickednesse they perish : but the trueth continueth stedfast , it begets strength of it selfe , and stands on strict tearmes with eternity : it liueth euer , winneth victory ouer al things : it is no accepter of persons , iudgeth all iustly , without either feare or respect . In truthes iudgement there is no sinfull thing , but is throughlie full of power , rule and emperie , the maiestie thereof abydeth , to all times and ages , and for a finall conclusion to approoue his wordes , hee sayde : Benedictus Deus veritatis , and so ceassed . No sooner had hee imposed silence to his speeche , but all the whole Senate , of most noble spectatours , with an high voyce and cheerefull applause , accorded to the sentence of this third yong man , and cried out : Magna est veritas , & praeualet . Then did the king accept him as his Cousen , and promised to giue him whatsoeuer hee would demaund . But he ( like a iust man ) desired onely , that the king woulde but bee mindfull of his vow made to God , for reedifying the Temple of Ierusalem againe , and restauration of all those vesselles of gold and siluer , which serued for the vse of sacrificing . Lodouico . An excellent Enigmae , an excelleent interpretation , and so much the more excellent , as in agreeing and consenting , with that which the holy Scripture sayeth on the behalfe of trueth : Veritas Domini manet in aeteruum : The trueth of the Lord endureth for euer . Which is so strong , that it ouercommeth all things , euen as oyle mounteth abue all other liquors : and because the trueth is God himselfe , there can bee nothing imagined more strong then hee . A lye hath shorte legges , sayth the aunciente prouerbe , and his halting is very soone discerned , for it lastes no longer then comming to discouerie , and then it departes with most infamous reproofe . And in regarde it is such a hatefull vice , I suppose , the wise man wrote thus thereof : Potior fur , quàm assiduitas vir● mendacis : perditionem autem ambo haereditabunt . A theefe is better then a man that is accustomed to lye , they both shall haue destruction to heritage . For both are theeues , one stealeth mens goods , the other stealeth trueth , honour and reputation from men . For euer let this accursed tongue bee dumbe , because it is better to bee sentenced with eternall silence , neuer so much as to dare to speake one word : then to vtter falshoode , to the dishonour of him that speakes it , the daunger of our neighbour , and iniurie of God the trueth it selfe . Muta fi●●t labia dolosa . Finis Cap. 9. The Argument . Wherein , according to the course hitherto continued , they now discourse on the seuerall tongues of the detractor and murmurer , and vpon what occasion , the Deuill ( hauing a great delight to lye , and accuse vs ) was sayd to be dumbe . Herein likewise are handled , many deceipts of the Deuill , many mysteries of confessing our sinnes vnto God : And how one angellis sayd to speake vnto another , without sight of eche other ; A discourse very curious , learned and profitable . Chap. 10. CLAVDIO . Hell is better , then an euill tongue , sayth the holy ghost , by the mouth of Salomon . Multi ceciderunt in ore gladij : sed non sic , quasi qui interierunt per linguam suam . Mors illius , mors nequissima , & vtilis infernus potius quàm illa . There be many that haue perished by the edge of the sword , but not so many as haue fallen by the tongue . The death thereof is an euill death : hell were better then such a one . How is it possible , that the tongue ( how vile soeuer it be ) should not be better then hel ? If there be no greater paines , then those of hel , how is the tongue sayd to be worse then hell ? Lodouico . Exceeding great are the paynes of hell , I cannot deny it , but yet they hurt not so much as the byting tongue doth : which blasphemeth God , murmures against the Saintes , and speaketh euill of men . Hell hurteth none , but such as are thereinto condemned : but the tongue outrageth God and his Saintes , whome hell by no meanes can offend . And more profitable is hell , then the wicked tongue , because hell ( being duely considered on by vs ) makes vs refraine from sin : but the euill tongue is the cause of many sins : for , by hearing the murmurings one of another , we are easilie drawne to iudge and speake euill . Therefore the holy ghost affirmeth , that the wicked tongue , as meaning ( perhaps ) that of the detractour , murmurer and defamer , hath some resemblance with the diabolicall tongue , which ceasseth not to accuse vs before God , according as Saint Iohn sayth . Proiectus est accusator fratrum nostrorum , qui accusabat illos ante conspectū Dei nostri die & nocte . The accuser of our brethren is cast downe , which accused them before our God day and night . Claudio . It is a ma●ucilous matter , and well woorthie consideration , how the deuill , beeing so great a murmurer , that he ceasseth not day and night , to accuse vs before God , of all our negligences , be they neuer so small : yet how he should sometime hould his peace , in such manner , as is written of him in Saint Luke . Erat Iesus eijciens Daemonium , & illud erat mutum . Then he cast out a Deuill , and he was dumbe . How could so great a talker , an accuser , a detractour & a defamer , hold his peace , and obserue silence ? Lodouico . You haue brought an important matter into the field , consisting of greater difficultie , then it appeares to be . We find that there are three kindes of speaking , and as many kinds of tongues , to weet , of the mind , of the mouth , and of the act or work : of all which , Dauid speaking , sayth . Labia dolosa , in corde & corde loquuti sunt . Flattering with their lips , and speaking with a double hart : there is the first tongue , and the first kind of talking . Disperdat Dominus vniuersa labia dolosa , & linguam magniloquam . The Lord cut off all flattering lips , and the tongue that speaketh proude things : there is the second tongue , and second kind of talking . Linguam nostram magnificabimus , labia nostra à nobis sunt , or , opera nostra à nobis sunt : quis noster Dominus est ? with our tongue we will preuaile , our lips are our own ; or our workes are our owne , who is Lord ouer vs ? there is the thirde tongue , and third kind of talking , whereof it seemes the holy ghost , speaking by the wise mans mouth , sayth . Lingua tertia multos commouit , & dispersit illos de gente in gentem . The double tongue hath disquieted many , and driuen them from nation to nation . Wicked ( then ) is the first tongue , that is , to thinke euill in the heart ; worse is the second , that is , to spread abroad the euill conceited , by significant speeches ; but worst of all is the third tongue , that is , to put in effect , the euill deuised and pronounced . Great was the sinne of good Noahs successors , thinking ( in pride of minde ) to builde that infamous Towre , as meerly opposing themselues against God : but worse was it , when one expressed to an other ( with wordes full of loftinesse ) their detestable thoughts ; yet worst of all , was their putting the same in execution . And it is to be noted , that God had neuer deuided their tongues , but when ( in effect ) they builded the tower . Descendit autem Dominus vt videret ciuitatem & turrim , quam aedificabant filij Adam . But the Lord came downe , to see the city and towre which the sonnes of Adam builded . And a little after , God said . Venite , descendamus , & confundamus ibi linguam eorum , vt non audiat vnusquisque vocem proximi sui . Atque ita diuisit eos Dominus , ex illo loco in vniuersas terras , & cessauerunt aedificare ciuitatē . Come on , let vs go down , and there confound their lāguage that euery one perceiue not anothers speech . So the Lord scattered them from thence vpon al the earth , and they left off to build the city . Wherby may be gathered , that the holy ghost meant them , & the third tōgue , spoken of by the wise man , Lingua tertia multos commouit , & dispersit illos de gente in gentem . My Lord Iacono da voragine , the Archbishop of Genoa , & of the Preachers order , sayd in one of his Sermons preached in Lent : That this monster , which hath three tongues , like an infernall Cerberus , is he , that is al these together , to weet , a flatterer , a detractor , & a discord breeder , or , as we may say , a dissention sower , out of whose head , all these three tongues must be cut , and he be enforced to perpetuall silence . The first tongue , because it deceiueth : Popule meus , qui te beatum dicunt , ipsi te decipiunt , O my people , they that lead thee , cause thee to erre . The secōd , because it defameth : Sepi aures tuas spinis , & linguam nequam noli audire , & ori tuo facito ostia , & seras auribus tuis . Hedge thy possession with thornes , and make doors and bars for thy mouth . The third , because it conturbeth : Calumnia conturbat sapientem . Slander troubleth a wise man. Now let it be what ye wil , it sufficeth , that we find three sorts of tongues , & three kinds of speaking , to wit , of the mind , of the mouth , and of the work . With the mind God is sayd to talk , with the Angel , with the soule & with the diuel , not because God hath any need ( by speaking ) to vnderstād the thoughts of others , for he knoweth all things before they are thought , but for manifestation of his wil vnto vs. We cannot then say of the diuel : Et illud erat mutū , because ( in this māner ) he speaketh greeuously , for he neuer ceaseth to thinke , & to contriue euill against god , against the Angels , & against men : & , what he hath wickedly cōplotted , if he could put it in execution , he would willingly do it . By the second kind of discoursing , namely , the mouth , one man speaketh to another in this world . The Angels and the diuel likewise speake in this manner , when forming ay●ry bodies , they appeare vnto vs in humane shape , & talke according to our vse . Or else , when entring into humane bodies , they mooue the tōgues of them according to their own willes : & in this manner of speaking , we may say of the diuel ; Et illud erat mutum , not in moouing , but hindring the vse of any poore mans tongue . With the word of worke , God speaketh , and the Angell with the diuell , but not any thing neer together , the diuell with the Angel or with God : because the diuel hath no power at all against God , or against the good Angel , therfore ( in this sort ) we may say ; Et illud erat mutum . Claudio . So then hee speakes , as if hee spake not . Is it not written , that hee made the greate battaile in heauen ? Then hee bawled lowde enough , against Michaell the Archangell , by this kinde of talking , and euerye houre ( with the tongue of worke , ) hee opposeth himselfe against God and his Saintes , tempting them in variable manner , and of Christ it is written , that hee tempted him in the wildernesse in diuers kinds . Lodouico . I denye not , that the diuel speakes sometime with God , and with the holy Angels , by the word of work absolutely : but I say , that the deuill thereby can neither hurt God , or his blessed Angels . And although that Christ our Sauiour was tempted , and Michaell the Archangell combated with Lucifer , yet both the one and other remained conquerors : for of the ones victorie it is written ; vade Sathana , non tentabis , &c. and of the others , saith Saint Iohn ; protectus est Draco , ille magnus serpens antiquus , &c. Behold then how the diuell , although he worke many thinges against God and his Angels , yet cannot hee personally offend either the one or other , and whatsoeuer the infernall spirits doe contriue , against the diuine lawe and naturall order , they doe it by diuine permission , wherefore wee may saye , in this manner of speaking , the diuell is dumbe . Claudio . I am satisfied , and am perswaded , that Christ spake of these three kindes of talking , when he made this difference : inter reum iudicio , reum consilio , & reum gehennae ignis : guilt of iudgement , guilt of a Councel , and guilt of hell fire . Vpon which words venerable Beda discoursing , sayth . In primo est vnum , s . ira sola ; in secundo sunt duo , s . ira & vox ; iram significans ; in tertio sunt tria , s . ira , vox , & in voce vituperationis expressio , &c. according to his begunne discourse . Lodouico . The Angell speaketh with God , not after such manner , as the master talketh with the Scholler , to teache or instruct : but in such sort , as the Scholler speakes to the master , to learn some knowledge of him . The Angell reasoneth with God , to consult , on what himselfe hath in duty to do , or ( as one striken in admiration , of Gods infinite excellencies ) breaketh forth into diuine praises , with a very fiery affection . Or else , the Angell talketh with God , in a mute voice , as declaring thereby , ardent charity , and most amorous desire , the actions of an inflamed or burning heart . In this manner likewise , the holy soule talketh ( in her kind ) with God , both in prayer and contemplation : but the diuels are dumbe , and know not how to speake in this manner ; wherefore , remaining thus silent , and bard from the diuine prayses , wee may very well saye : Et illud erat mutum . Claudio . What kinde of conferring is this , in one Angell with another ? And how can one Angell discouer his will to another , but others ( beeing by ) must know it ? Or can a man manifest his heart to another man , without others apprehension , or taste thereof ? Lodouico . One Angell conferreth with another , by the worde of the mind , manifesting his will , by a certeine kinde of naturall light , whereby hee directeth his thought to one , euen him that should know it , and to whome his will extendeth , and not to any other . In this manner , is one Angell sayd to speake to another , whether it be an Angell of light , or of darknesse : and this happeneth thus , because the will mooueth ( as commaundresse ) the vnderstanding to his operation , and intelligence abydeth in the vnderstanding after three manners , that is to say , habitually , actually , & as it is related or imparted to others . A cleare case is it , that by the act of the will , vnderstanding passeth from the first to the second acte , and from the second to the third . When our mind wold consider any thing actually , it issueth from the first to the second act , and speaketh to it selfe , because the interiour conceit of the mind , is called the word and speech of the mind . When ( afterward ) the conceite of the mind is ordained or prepared , to report it selfe to another by the will of the Angell : then is that conceit manifested in such sorte , as the others can take no knowledge thereof , although there bee a thousand Angels together . Nor can wee in this manner tearme the diuell to bee dumbe , because that this kind of speaking communeth with all of angelicall nature . Beside , one Angel may confer with another , by the word of work , whereby is discouered in liuely effect what was the intention : nor in this kind is it absolutely to be sayd ; Et illud erat mutum , because one diuel may demonstrate to another , his will with the worke . As when the diuel filled Iob ful of vlcers , & tooke from him all the goods of fortune , the other diuels could plainely perceiue , that Sathans intent was to bring Iob to desperation , and to make him blaspheme his Creator ; but hee deceiued himselfe , because it sorted to a contrarye effect . One Angel also speaketh to another , by communication of the light diuine , manifesting the diuine reuelations , which doe immediatly depend vpon God. Which kind of speaking is called illumination , one Angel illuminating another . Nor do all the Angels confer together in this manner , but only the superior with the inferior , & wee may say that all the Angels of darknesse are dumbe , beeing vnable to speake in this sort : because the diuine iudgementes are not reuealed to them , they beeing depriued of celestiall grace , and condemned to the eternall horrors , therefore it is true , that illud erat mutum . Claudio . All these reasons are faire , woorthy and quaint enough ; but yet it seemes to me a very great matter , that the father of lyes , that importunate shamelesse accuser , that iangling false tel-tale , who delights so much in lying : should be sayd to be dumb , to hold his peace , and obserue silence . Lodouico . A thousand other reasons there are , wherefore the diuell should be called dumbe , and euery one far better then other : but I suppose , that I haue answered formally enough to your doubt ; yet , if I thought , that ( by length of argumente ) I shoulde not growe tedious and offensiue to you , I coulde produce you diuers other . Claudio . Your talke is so sweete , your discourse so ingenious , and my desire so insatiable , ( not that I couet to heare matter of noueltie , as perhappes this may appeare to bee , which ( by the curiositie ) affoordes as greate commoditye : ) that I hope to attende you in the height of contentment , without any thought or touche of tediousnesse . Say on then , without anye eye to length of time , which , I dare assure you will seeme short enough , except it may grow to offend your selfe : otherwise , to me it is most welcome . Lodouico . Sometimes , when two men confer together , and ( in talke ) one of them telles a lye , as striuing to make it mainely beleeued , if ( peraduenture ) there steppeth one in vnlooked for , who knows at first sight ( as we say ) the trueth of the matter , and how falsly the one informeth the other : vndoubtedly , if it were not for manly respect , publique disgrace , or such like modest forbearance , me thinkes he should say ; Hold thy tongue lyer , do not I know how foolishly thou lyest , and how shamelesly thou striuest to make a lye beleeued ? The doctrine of truth , according to the opinion of a learned father , consisteth in three things , to weet , In the thing that is to be beleeued ; in that which is to be hoped for , and in the thing that is to be done . for the deuill , talking to man with his three ●orked Cerberine tōgue , as the enuyer of mankind , and as the deprauer of the diuine honour ; he teacheth the quite contrarie of all that is to be beleeued , he cherisheth men in dooing vnciuill actions , and such as beseeme not the diuine aspect , making promise of vaine things , altogether woorth iust nothing . But Christ comming in place , the master of trueth , and hearing so many lyes vttered by him , thrusts the ly into the deuils throat , and with the triple corde of trueth , binds fast his tongue ; enstructing , the verity of things that are to be beleeued , the honestly of things that are to be done , & promiseth the eternity of heauenly things , which are only to be hoped for . Oh , wold you not then , & at such a time , haue this damned lyer to rest silent , to be mute & dumb frō any more lying ? Et illud erat mutum . Yet better . Iesus Christ is the truth it selfe , Ego sum via , veritas & vita : I am the way , and the trueth , and the life . This also could his very enemies themselues confesse , when ( fraudulently ) they sayd to Christ : Magister , scimus quia rectè dicis & doces , & non accipis personam , sed viam Dei in veritate doces : Master , we know that thou sayest and teachest right , neither dost thou accept mans person , but teachest the way of God truely . Contrary to trueth is a lye , the deuill is the inuenter , the father and begetter of lyes ▪ now , would not you , that Christ comming vpon the earth , and deliuering this eternall truth , that the father of lying ( despight his heart ) shoulde haue his mouth lookt vp , and stand dumb ? Therefore it is written , that Illud erat mutum : Comminatus est ●i Iesus , dicens : Obmutesce . Iesus rebuked him saying : Hold thy peace . Yet better . Christ is called the wisedome of the eternall father . Nos autem praedicamus Christum crucifixum , Iudaeis quidem scandaelum , Gentibus autem stultitiā . Ipsis autem vocatis Iudaeis atque Graecis , Christum Dei virtutem , & Dei sapientiam . We preache Christ crucified , vnto the Iewes euen a stumbling block , and vnto the Grecians , foolishnesse . But vnto them which are called , both of the Iewes and Grecians , we preache Christ the power of God , and the wisedome of God ▪ &c. It could not be otherwise possible , but this eternall wisedome being speaking on earth , the deuill must needs then be dumbe & silent , yea , euen in despight of his cheefest height of malice . For ; Sapientiam autem non vincit malitia ; Malice cannot ouercome wisedome , therfore , maugre all his mischeefe and malice , he is dumbe : Et illud erat mutum . Et increpans non sinebat ea loqui . He rebuked them , and suffered them not to speak , &c. For it is against equity , when the eternall wisedome speaketh , that foule malice shold be prating too , so much the rather , because he can neuer open his mouth , but lyes are ready to issue forth : Cum loquitur mendicium , ex propriis loquitur : When he speaketh a lye , then he speaketh of his owne , &c. Better yet . Christ is the word of the eternal father : contrary to a word is silence or to be mute , or ( at the least ) contradictory . The deuill euermore opposeth himselfe against God , therfore at the presence of the word , he speakes not : Et illud erat mutum . And I am sure you wold not otherwise , but when the Creator speaketh , the creature ( whether he wil or no ) must hold his peace . Better yet . Among all the creatures , to man only , was giuen a tongue that coulde speake , for albeit many other creatures haue tongues yet can they not speake with them , but man alone . The Asse that Balaam rode o● , spake , but vnderstood not what he spake , when he sayd , turning aside to his smiter : Quid feci tibi ? Cur percutis me ecce iam tertio ? what haue I doone vnto thee ? that thou hast smitten me now three times ? whereto Balaam answered : Quia commeruisti , & illusisti mihi : vtinam haberem gladium vt te percuterem : Because thou hast deserued it and hast mocked me : I would there were a sword in my hand for now I wold kill thee . And the Asse replyed againe : Nonne animal tuum sum cui semper insedere confueuisti vsque in praesentem diem ? Di● , quid simile vn quam fece ●m tibi ? Am I not thine Asse , which thou hast ridden vpon since thy first time vnto this day ? haue I vsed at any time to do thus vnto thee ? &c. But in al these lamentatiōs which the Asse made , hee neuer vnderstood himselfe , because hee was but a beast . But what greater beast is there then the deuill , who is called by Saint Bernard : Bestia omnium bestiarum bestialissima : the beast among all beasts , the very beastliest ? And a reuerend Father , at the very point of surrendring vp his soule to his Creator , sayde , vpon the deuils appearing to him : Quid asta● hîc cruenta bestia ? Why standest thou heere thou bloudy beast ? Likewise S. Iohn in many places of his Apocalyps , calles him the beast , and , in the shape of a beast , diuers times he sawe him . Bestia quam vidisti , fuit , & non est , & ascensura est de abysso . The beast that thou hast seene , was , and is not , and shall ascend out of the bottomlesse pit . The deuill then beeing such a greate deformed beast , who voluntarily hath abandoned his cheefest good , how would you then that he should speake ? therefore , Et illud erat mutum . Yet better . When Adam transgressed the diuine commandement , God came , and reprooued him greatly for it : but he excused himself , by saying , that he had not eaten , but only , as fearing to offend his beloued companion . Mulier quam dedisti mihi sociam , dedit mihi de ligno & comedi : The woman which thou gauest to be with me she gaue me of the tree , and I did eate . God reproouing Eua for the fact , she also excused her selfe , by saying , that the Serpent , the beast infernall had deceiued her . Serpens decepit me , & comedi : The Serpent beguiled me , and I did eate . But the deuill stood as dumbe , and sayd nothing in excuse of his sin , therfore ; Et illud erat mutum . Claudio . What should the wicked beast haue answered in excuse of his euil : but that he did it on meer malice , on rooted & inueterate enuy , not by frailty , or any other suggestion , could he say he sinned ? Som other reasons more proper , wold I haue had you alleaged , wherby this mutiner might be called dumb : because all these hitherto rehearsed , though they be very good , yet none of thē hath so smooth a tast , as absolutely to ●i● my desirous appetite . Lodouico . We may say that he is called dumb , because he makes vs all dumb with his false suggestions , and by them he worketh so much as he can : for example . That we prayse not the Lord , neither speak to him in our prayers , nor confesse the multitude of our sins , but in al & for al , we hold our selues silent rather . Therfore ( perhaps was it ) that the mā possessed with the deuil , wherof the Euangelist speaketh , where he saith , Et illud erat mutum ; was not onely dumb , but blind & deafe likewise , so that ( in no māner ) he could either prayse God , giue good exāple to his neighbour , or confesse the greeuous burdē of his own sins , to weet , neither with his heart , or any kind of other gesture . For , if a man sees not the good examples of others , nor heares th● holy documentes of heauenly doctrine , nor can require with his tongue , what appertaineth to the health of his soule : very vnaptlie can his hart ( being naturally inclined to euil ) think any good thought without the especiall assistance of God. Hence was it , that to bring this poore wretch to extreame necessitie , he lockt vp his eares , because he should listen to no godly doctrine ; shut vp his sight , to the end , he might not behold other mens good examples ; and because he should not preuent his owne ruine , he tied a knot vpon his tongue , least he might ( otherwise ) prayse the Lorde , admonish his neighbour , confesse his faults , aske supply for his wāts , and confer ( christianlike ) among his friends : and beeing ( by him ) reduced to this lamentable estate , he hoped afterward , that he would fall into the sinne of desperation . He is also called dumbe , by the effectes which he worketh in vs , and by the infamous conquest he maketh of vs. In like manner , as Scipio Emilianus was called Affricanus , onely for conquering Affrica , and ioyning it to the Romane Empire . Or , in such manner as Titus Manlius , who killing ( in a combate ) a knight of Fraunce , and taking a chaine from his neck , which hee put about his owne : was called Torquatus by the chaine , which in the Latine idiome is tearmed Torques . So the deuill , making a man dumbe , and bereauing him of the vse of speeche , is therefore called dumbe himselfe . Claudio . An honest stranger , in good sadnesse ( my Lorde ) is this , that for the good lodging allowed him , returneth such an vnkind counter-chaunge . The vile deuill dealing with this poore man , like as a Prince doth : who , because he would domineer ouer some citye , besiegeth it first round in euery part with his army , so that on no side succor can be expected . Wherupon , the Citizens seeing themselues in this desperate estate , do surrender themselues vp into their enemies hands . So did Holofernes when he besieged Bethulia , with an hundred thousand foote Souldiers , and twenty two thousand horsemen : he damd vp all the passes , quite chaunged the water courses , so that in the space of twentie dayes , they had not in the citie one droppe of water . Theyr case beeing thus desperate , they resolued to giue vp themselues , ( as a preye ) into the Armies power , and had doone so , but that ( by a supernaturall helpe ) God sent them succour . So dealt the deuill with this poore man , Damming vp the torrent of speech or eloquence , closing vp the way-gate of hearing , and robbing him of the cheerfull benefite of sight : that then drouping down into despaire , he might ( by none of those organes ) expect any succour . That so hauing , by no way of the sences , any entrance left for helpe , he seeing no man else to do good , that ( by their example ) hee might conuert ; he hearing no preaching against sinne , that his heart thereby might take a loathing of it , and he , speaking not one word with his tongue , least by true contrition , and consession of his sins to God , he might call and crye to him for help in this extremity , might despaire and dye . Herein , the deuill obserued the rule of him , who entring into a chamber to sleepe , commaundeth those of the house , to keepe strict silence , shut vp the windowes , lock vp the doores , to the end , that not onely any noise might offend him , but also , that the least glimse of light should not be discerned . So did the diuell with this poore man , he impeached euery sense , that could yeeld him any seruice toward helpe or health , that the body being so shut vp in obscurity , the soule it selfe might also dwell in darknesse , neuer more to look on the light of celestiall grace . Lodouico . The deuill is an enemy to euery good worke , and therefore he makes vs dumbe , when we would enter into the closet of our heart , and lay open to God ( by true confession ) the multitude of our sinnes . And this he dooth , because we should not vnfold our infirmity , to the true physition of our soules , therefore he then striueth most to make vs dumb , when silence ought most of all to bee broken . Little cares the Iaoler , or ( as we may rather say ) the prison keeper , if his prisoners walke about the house at liberty , without fetters on their feete , or manicles on their handes , when the prison gate is safe shut , vp , and himselfe keepes the keye thereof . Euen so , little cares the deuill , if the miserable sinner haue his hands at liberty , to giue almes , or doe any other good deede , if his feet also be vnbound , to visit the sick , the imprisoned , or to goe where any other neede is required : so that the doore of the mouth be fast lockt vp , whereby he might call to his Lorde and maker , to tell him the weight and burthen of his sinne , that lyes very heauily vpon his soule , therefore it may be very well sayd : Et illud erat mutum . I thinke the Prophet Esay meant as much , when he sayd : Solue vincula colli tui , captiua filia Sion : vntye , or take from thy neck , the snare that holds thee captiue , Oh daughter Sion , that is to saye , the sinfull soule to forsake her sins . Among al the chaines or snares for thraldome , that which is fastened about the neck , is the very worst of all other , because , by the least twitch of restraint , a man therby may be strangled & dead . Although the theef in the prison , haue his hāds & feet shackled , yet notwithstāding , he hath some hope of life , either by fauour of friends , or by a great sum of mony , or else by flight . But when he sees the hangman , to fasten a cord or chaine about his neck , he takes himself to be quite dispatcht , and no longer hope of life then remaineth . In like manner , the wretched sinner , though his hands and feete be restrained from any good acte , yet it hurteth him not so much , as to lose the libertye of his speeche , to haue his throate and windpipes passage stopt . For , if he haue but the freedome of his tongue , there is sound hope of inward health , for that organe will yet intreate for him , speaking sincerely , simply , humbly , purely , faithfully , nakedly , mournefully , discreetly , freely , strongly , incessantly , shamefastly and obediently , he may haue remedy for all euilles whatsoeuer , by this happy meanes of calling to God , before his case be vtterly dispatcht . Therefore the diuel ( more then by any other restraint ) watcheth to stifle vs with this dumb coller , for then he counts himself sure of his prey , neuer doubting the perdition of the poore sinners soule , in which respect we may wel say ; Et illud erat mutum . Claudio . The very engine and snare of the woolfe , who , the first thing he doth with his prey , fastens his teeth surely to the throat of the beast , to the end he should not cry : for by crying , the watchfull dogs ( being neer hand as keepers ) might recouer the poor beast out of his teeth . So deales the infernal woolfe , with poore , iust , innocent sheep or lambs , for so are they called by Christ himself in the Gospel , for many respects : Statuet quidem oues a dextris suis : He shall set the sheep on his right hand . The first thing he dooth , he seeks to strangle them by the throat , to the end , they should not crye out , to the careful watchmen of their soules , the Preachers and dispensers of god his sacred blessings , ( who haue the furniture for their soules safety in their keeping , and watch daye and night , for defence of theyr flockes , ) leaste by theyr prayers , preachings and deuoute exhortations , they shoulde regaine them , from the deuouring teethe of this infernall wolfe . For he cares not , though they shew some fewe fruites of faith , as giuing almes to the poore , hospitality to the harbourlesse , and praying for the oppressed : but ( by no meanes ) must they call to God and his ministers , to lay open the foule deformities of their sinnes , to reueale the true compunction of their heartes , but smother all in silence , stifle one penitente thought , with a thousand preparations to deedes farre worse and worse , and ( as apte for his purpose ) hee hath fiue seuerall sharpe teethe , wherewith hee gripes them . The first , is shame , for when a man sinneth , the deuil depriues him of all blushing , and euery good or manly respect , till he comes into the Church , and then he restores it him againe , and his comely blushing colour may be perceiued , euen with intire remembraunce of his heauy transgressions . But what dooth he vpon this ? when he ●ees the poore sinner ready to talke with God , and to vnlade the fraight of his ouerburthened conscience : euen then he intricates his mind with a thousand strange thoughts , & rounds him in the eare with some silent suggestions , as thus . If thou disclose thy secret sinnes to God , or shewe thy selfe to be ashamed of them , and intendest a perfect course of repentance : why , others being by , and seeing thee , they will throwe the Publicanes disgrace in thy teeth , and say ; thou art an hypocrite , a dissembler , makest a shew of outward holinesse , and art ( indeed ) but a very deuill . So , euery one will be doubtfull of conuersing with thee , as hating hypocriticall and formall holinesse : and where before , thou wast reputed for an honest man , of fellowly , friendly and sociable conuersation ; thou shalt now be held for a reformed foole , a melancholy , precise & captious companion , with a thousand other such hellish obiections , wherwith you are better acquainted in this kind , then I can expresse them . Lodouico . This toothe is to bee broken in his mouth , with a god sound stroke , and let it bee , the perfect consideration , that at length hee shall bee discouered to all the worlde , according as God spake by the Prophet Nahum . Reuelabo pudenda tua in facie tua , & ostendam in Gentibus nuditatem tuam , & regnis ignominiam tuam , &c. I will discouer thy skirtes vpon thy face , and will shewe the nations thy filthinesse , and the kingdomes thy shame &c. Socrates walking through the city , espied a yong mā , who stood ready to step forth of an harlots house , but so soone as he saw Socrates , he returned into the infamous house , as one ashamed . But Socrates passing on , sayd to the young man : Non te pude at exire , sed intrasse : Thou oughtest not be ashamed to come foorth of that bad house , but rather for thy entring into it . Euen so the sinfull soule , it should not be ashamed to issue foorth of the infamous house of sinne , the mansion and dwelling of the deuill , but for first entering into it rather ; it behooueth vs therefore to bee carefull of breaking out this tooth . Claudio . The second tooth , is the feare of repentance , whereto the offended conscience speaketh , and ●aith , it is the sinne of luxury , for chastisement whereof , let the pampered ouer-hot body fast with bread & water . But the deuil watching ( as before ) his fit opportunity , tunes the tongue with this answer ; I am not able to fast , or forbeare what my appetite desireth , what repentaunce then is likely to ensue vpon this nice nature ? Lodouico . This tooth is to be broken , and that very easilie , by due consideration of the paines eternall . So may wee soone refute , & put down the deuil when he frights vs with the feare of repētance , to tell him : That a greater feare hath surprised thee , euen the sufferāce of those paines , which neuer will be ended . Claudio . The third tooth , is the vaine hope of long life , vrging the sinner , to procrastination of repentance , by a false perswasion of liuing long time : as trusting in the iocond youth of years , the strength of our members , and the present health of bodie . Neuer remembring , how fraile this mortall life is , compared by holy Iob , to the wind , to a shadow , and to a flour , things that vanishe altogether , with a glaunce of an eye or a puffe of breath . Lodouico . If we would breake this toothe with small trauaile , let vs then consider , that there is nothing more certaine then death , nor more vncertaine then the houre thereof . And that , as the fish becomes taken by the hooke , and dyes , when he thinkes to liue a longer date , and voide of ●aking : euen so is man in the hand of death , caught when he most hopeth of long life . According as the wise man sayth . Nescit homo finem suum ▪ sed sicut pisces capiuntur hamo , & sicut aues laqueo comprehenduntur , sic capiuntur homines in tempore malo , cum eis extempso superuenerit No man doth know his tim● , but as the fishes which are taken in an euill net , or as the birds that are caught in the snare : so are the children of men snared in the euill time , when it falleth vpon them suddenly . When the simple bird feedes most sauourly on the baite , then without any meanes of escape is she taken . And euen the very same is the case of man , when least he thinketh on the hour of death , in this vnexpected hour is he taken , & fals into death , the fowlers snare : therfore with this consideration , we may break the tooth of vain & bootles●e hope . Claudio . The fourth tooth , is this weake opinion , that by no meanes we must repent vs , of any huff-cap or riotous sinne , because ( saith he ) they are tearmed but good fellowship , tricks of youth , or manly qualities . Beside , if we should repent them , it were but needlesse , for ( within a day or two ) we shal fall into the same againe , and then the labour of repentance may be very wel spared . And what ensueth hereō ? only this conceit is daily buzz'd into our eares by the diuell : That we haue a certaine kind of good will , to leaue off these vanities , but the more we striue to forgo them , the more our nature fastneth liking on them , and sins incident to nature , doe admit tolleration . Lodouico . This tooth must needs be puld out , for by breaking it , some piece or stump may be left behind . Consider but thus much , The knight or Souldiour may well be counted foolish , that , returning greeuously wounded from the battaile , will not suffer himselfe to be drest , or his hurts bound vp , but ( in a brauery , and to be reputed a lusty gallant ) saith to the Chirurgian ; Thou shalt bestow no paines vpon me , because to morrow I must needs be in the battaile againe . Foole , foole , might the Chirurgian answer him , is it not better going wel & halfe cured , then weakely , and with thy bloud streaming forth about thee ? In a far worse estate is the sinner , that makes so slight an account of repentaunce , and will not giue ouer sinne , because his nature affecteth to sinne . Fall downe vpon thy knees , put on a more humble and tractable spirit , and desire thy Lorde God to giue thee grace , that thou maist abstaine from all sinnes whatsoeuer : and if thou doe thy part in true penitence , so much as lyes in thee , thou shalt finde God readye ( at all houres ) to assiste and strengthen thee . Claudio . The fift tooth , is presumption , relying too much vpon the diuine mercy , and saying within thy selfe : God is so mercifull , as hee will not permit mee any way to perish . Hee pardoned Peter his owne denyer ; Paul , his Churches greeuous persecuter ; Mathew , the rich couetous tol gatherer ; Zacheus the Publican , Mary Magdalen the great sinner , the Samaritane her heresie ; the woman her adultery , and the theefe his iniquitie , why then he cannot chuse but pardon me too . This presumptuous wretch neuer considereth the true and intire repentance of all these before named , and the especial graces of God ( therby ) conferred vpon them ; such as he bestoweth not vpon euery one , but only on those , that in singlenesse of soule , & vnfayned repentance seeke after them . Lodouico . This tooth may be broken , by due consideration , that many are the eternall paines of hell , and many are condemned to endure them , for presuming too rashly vpon the diuine mercy ; weening to compasse that saucily , which is no way to be had but by true simplicity , or to haue a labourers hyre for idlenesse , when , he that worketh not , must haue no wages . Vnwise may we call him , who being falne into a quagmire , with a purse full of mony in his hand , & in very great perill of perishing , wil yet refuse , to catch hold on a cord , cast to him from a friends hand , that by vsing some meanes to fasten it about him , he may the sooner be drawne out of daunger . But he , like a foolish man , loth to let fal the purse out of his hand , because he would not loose such a sum of mony : refuseth the cords helpe ; so ( at one instant ) the purse and his life are lost together . In a far worse case do I account the sinner , that refuseth to accept the diuine mercy in due time , but preferreth a foolish delight before it , & so is damned wilfully : for Misericordia , is sayd to be , quasi miserorum chorda . We by our sinning , doe fall into the bottomlesse depth of hel , as Dauid sayth , Infixus sum in limo profundi ; I stick fast in the deep mire , & god , in meer compassion , casts forth the cord of his mercy , to saue vs from perishing in our sins : but then , vaine loue to this world , which we hold in the hand of our hart , will not permit vs ( for lucre thereof ) to take hold vpon it . Let vs therefore learne to be wise , and know when this gracious blessing is offered vs. It comes , after the manner of time or occasion , figured by our elders with a hairy forefront , but a bald scalpe behind , whereon grew the prouerbe : Fronte capillosa ; post est occasio calua . Let vs not suffer our selues to be caught of this rauening woolf , nor be stricken dumbe by him : but breaking his hellish teeth , crye out with the Prophet Dauid , that we may be heard : Ad Dominuin cùm tribularer clamaui , & exaudiuit me : when I was in trouble I called vpon the Lord , and he heard me . For , to be silent in such necessity , is a most diuellish and detestable error , therefore let vs say ; Et illud erat mutum . Finis Cap. 10. The Argument . Continuing on still the same matter and discourse , with diuers other excellent reproofes of this mighty sinne of vnwillingnesse to repent , and easing our consciences of the heauy burden of sin , wherein no silence is to be kept . And that the detractors tongue is like the Serpents : Also , how we ought sometimes to crye out , and sometimes to hold our peace . Chap. 11. CLAVDIO . God commaunded in Deuteronomy , the two and twentieth Chapter , that , if a virgin were defloured in the city , she should be publiquely stoned to death by the people , and he yeelds the reason for this so seuere punishment . Quia non clamauit cùm esset in ciuitate : Because shee cryed not , beeing in the city . For if she had cryed out , perhaps , the impudent man would not haue been so forward , in committing such a great misdeed : & by her not crying it appeared as an euident signe , that she condiscended to this lustfull act . But if it so happened , that in the field shee was deflowred , then God commaunded , that the man onely should be stoned , and not the woman : because although she had there cryed out , she could not haue had such helpe , as she might in the city . Sin autem in agro repererit vir puellam , &c. Et apprehendens concubuerit cum ea ; ipse mortetur solus , puella nihil patietur , nec est rea mortis : quoniam sicut latro consurgit contra fratrem suum , & occidit animam eius ; ita a & puella perpessa est . Sola erat in agro , clamauit , et nullus affuit qui liberaret eam . But if a man find a betrothed maid in the field , and force her , and lye with her , then the man that lay with her , shall dye alone . And vnto the maid thou shalt doe nothing , because there is in the maid no cause of death : for as when a man riseth against his neighbour , and woundeth him to death , so is this matter . For he found her in the field , the maide cryed , and there was no man to succour her . Our soule is this faire young virgin ; virgo Israel , proiecta est in terram suam , non est quisuscitet eam : The virgin Israel is left vpon her land , and there is none to raise her vp . Oh how many soules shal be stoned eternally in hell fire , for not being subiected to this cry of hearty repentaunce ? because the diuell hath so stopt their throats , as they cannot crye to god at all , but sitting wilfully dumbe , and stubbomly vnrepentant , deseruedly they perish . Whereas , if they had followed Dauids rule , and ( by maine stearne voice ) broke the diuels dumbe strings ; they might haue triumphed at the sight of his owne deceipt , and cast in his teeth , that repentance only , is able to free any soule frō him , & so haue giuen him this bone to gnaw on , Et illud erat mutum . Sometimes I haue seene diuers Gentlemen , yea euen of this city very well deriued , to bee most gratious in speeche , and ( in their familiar conference ) so eloquent , as they needed not giue place to the very perfectest Oratour , so excellently were they prouided for this fraile worlde . Notwithstanding , when they should come to talke priuately with God , to lay open before him the heauy loade of their sinnes , to speake in the true eloquent key of a repentant soule , with prayers and petitions to pearce the heauēs : they haue shewen themselues sleepy , sluggish and made of lead as it were , nay , meerely dumb , and so silent , as they coulde hardlye affoorde to open theyr mouthes . In like manner , wee finde diuers women of a quick and ready tongue , for any thing concerning pride , voluptuousnesse , or what their peeuish humour affecteth , as at playes , vaine pastimes or such like delights . But let them come into the Church , where attonemente is to bee made , betweene god and their wretched polluted soules , the diuell then strikes them dumb , drowsie and negligent . Or if they talke at all , he will be sure to fit them another kind of way , with talke of proude attyres , praising of idle fashions in such and such gossips , or deuises of delicates for the bellie , or where to meete at some wanton exercise . So , in stead of repenting their sinnes , they heape sinne vpon sinne , extolling their owne vertues ( if perhaps they haue any at all ) far worse then the Pharisey , which eyther in man or woman is to be highly reprooued . A learned Doctour affirmeth , that , Omne nociuum inclusum magis nocet , whereby we may gather , that putrifaction within a wound , causeth greater anguish , then when it is drawne foorth , for then the paine is more tollerable . Euen so , the soule that hath many sinnes hidden in it , is not much vnlike to such filthy putrifaction : for if by the launcing rancour of true repentance , they be not gotten forth , and pardon obtained , they wil so much the more painfully afflict the soule , bite the conscience , and suffer the mind to inioy no quiet . As may be said of him , that nourisheth melanchollie in his hart , whereby he pines and droupes away , euen til death make seazure on him , according as sayth the wise mā . Multos enim occidit tristitia , & non est vtilitas in ea . Sorrow hath slaine many , and there is no profit in it . But if a man vtter his griefe to a faithfull friend , that knowes how to comfort him : Oh what a cheering ioy is it to the poore afflicted hart ? for Salomon saith ; Fauus mellis composita verba , dulcedo animae , sanitas ossium . Faire woordes are as the honie-comb● , sweetenesse to the soule , and health to the bones . How can the soule be in health , that is full of putrifaction , and ouercharged with sinne ? and deales as the Pharisey did ; boaste of good deeds , and hide therby foule sins ? it is like to one let bloud , that giues passage to the best , and keeps the worst behinde . In Phlebotomy or bloud-letting , when wee see the good bloud to come first foorth , we vse to say ; it is a bad signe , because the good bloud leauing the body , and the bad making no issue at all , it is held to betoken the death of the patient . On the contrary , when the corrupt and putrified bloud first makes his passage , it is a signall of health to the partie . Euen so , when a proude and an opinionate sinner comes to conferre with God , standing vpon the conceipt of his owne well deseruing in some kindes , and shall presume to say : O Lord , I haue not robbed , I haue not blasphemed thy name , I haue not committed adulterye , and other such like cleerings of him selfe : It is an apparant signe , that as foule sinnes are remayning behinde , and as greatly doe endaunger the death of the soule . Nor is this to be held as any repentaunce at all , or contrite confessing our transgressions to God : but rather a deuillish exaltation , and vaine-glorious iustification of our selues . For humble confession and true repentaunce , is a free accusation of our selues for all faults committed ; without vaunting of any good worke whatsoeuer , which is neuer doone , but by the craft of the diuell , making vs dumbe in our dutie , as himselfe is dumbe : Et erat illud mutum . This kind of taciturnirie , or rather dumbnesse , begets great euilles in the soule , and becomes the ruine of the conscience , as Dauid affirmeth in one of his Psalmes : Quoniam tacui , inueterauerūt ossa mea , dum clamarem tota die . When I held my tongue , my bones consumed , through my dayly complaining , as if he would haue sayd , because I was so silent my bones waxed old , to wit , my vertue became weakned , while I continued crying all the day . Lodouico . What a confused speech is this of Dauid ? If he held his peace , how did he cry all the day ? and if he cryed all the day , how was he silent ? A man cannot crye , and hold his peace too , both at one instant , & yet Dauids words are : Quoniam tacui , dum clamarem tota die , inuterauerunt omnia ossa mea . Because I haue bin silēt , while I cryed all day , all my bones are waxed old : how can it stand , a man to be silent , and cry too ? Claudio . Dauid speaketh of such sinners , as already I haue spoken of to you , who , after the guise of the Pharisie in the Gospell , at one instant time are silent , and yet cry too , crying out aloude of their own merits , and singing their owne praises in a loftie straine . Gratias ago tibi Deus , quia non sum sicut caeteri hominum , raptores , iniusti , adulteri , velut etiam hic Publicanus . I●iuno bis in sabbatho : decimas do omnium quae possid●o . Oh God I thanke thee , that I am not as other men , extortioners , vniust , adulterers , or euen as this Publicane . I fast twise in the weeke : I giue tithe of all that euer I possesse . Doe you not heare , of how many things they cry out aloude , and yet are silent enough of their owne sinnes ? they talk not of such things as may abase them , but boast of all things that may vainely aduance them , by meanes whereof , they fall downe into darkenesse , according as this proude Pharisie did . Therefore in our secret communing and talking with God , we shold not be silent of our sins , but cry loude enough on them , & if any good actions haue attended our liues , to reserue them in silence , without so much as a thought of thē : for that is a place wherein to accuse our selues iustly of al our crimes & not to make vaunt of any good work . They that thus pharisaically do cry out on their merites , and silently keep their sins in their own bosoms ; get a consumption in their bones . Inueterauerunt ossa mea , quoniam tacui dum clamarem tota die . The bones doe signifie our vertues , for , as bones doe supporte the bodie , so doe vertues vpholde the soule : Omnia ossa mea dicent : Dòmine , quis similis tibi ? All my bones shall say : Lord , who is like vnto thee ? Dauid then saying that by his crying , his bones waxed old & consumed , he meaneth , that the power of our vertues are weakned , by concealing our vices , and vaunting of our vertues . And old thing must needes be weake , such is the state of the soule , seeking to hide from God her secret sinnes , and all this is the worke of the diuell , therefore , Et illud erat mutum . But blessed bee God , who sent his onely begotten Sonne , to dissolue this strict bondage , & crush in peeces this vile snare of the deuill . In hoc apparuit filius Dei , vt dissoluat opera Diaboli : For this cause appeared the Sonne of God , that he might loose the works of the diuell : therfore we reade , that Christ cast the diuel out of the mans body , & pardoned his sins also . Christ came not into the world , to take sinners out of it , but to take away the sinnes of the worlde , which are the workes of the diuell , therefore Saint Iohn Baptist sayde not , Ecce qui tollit peccatores mundi , but Ecce qui tollit peccata mundi . The taking away from the worlde , of the adulterer , the mankiller , the couetous vsurer , the theefe , and the blasphemer : that appertaineth to the office of iustice , which giueth sentence of hanging , beheading , burning , and other kindes of death prouided for malefactors . But Christ came to take from the worlde the sinne , not the sinner , to weete , adulterie , pride , ambition , idolatrie , murther , vsury , & such like : Christ takes away the sins , & iustice the sinners ; but the diuel ( if he might ) he woulde take away both vertue , and the vertuous too . Christ , in taking away sinne from the sinner , deales as the painter dooth , in taking a blemish from his picture : with a dexterious hand , & the perfect vse of his pensill , he takes away the offence , yet harmeth not the picture . God hath stampt in vs his owne perfect figure , and made his Sonne in all points like vnto vs , sin only excepted , what fairer portraite then this was euer drawne in the world ? But the deuill , enuying this rare piece of workemanship , by his craft and subtiltie , made a staine first in the very forehead , and afterwarde in other places , disfiguring mightilie so curious a master piece ▪ and holding on his course still , to marre the whole together , hinders euery good meane that might reforme it againe . The staine in the forehead , he couers that with some proude vaile , the stayne in the hearte , hee hides that with fonde ostentation , and so for euerie blemish , he hath an apt couerture , to make vs hide and conceale our sinfull infirmities . But the penitent soule , though smitten dumbe by this vile enemy , cryes out in anguish of spirit to her Creator , and he dipping his pensill in the purple of his passion , makes her as pure and perfect as euer she was before . Tollit peccata mundi , non peccatores . And the deuill working in vs this hurtfull silence , is sure to doe it when wee haue most need of speech , yea , of crying out loudest vpon our heauy transgressions , therefore we may still say , Et illud erat mutum . We can do no greater spight to the deuil , then by breaking silence with Dauid , and crying to the Lord , that hee would take compassion on our sinfull soules . Therefore sayth Saint Augustine . Si tegis peccata tua , Deus detegit : si detegis , Deus tegit illa , pallio gratiae , & misericordiae . Lodouico . Hereupon ( it may be ) was it , that the Prophet Osea sayd , that , Ephram speaking , a great feare came vpon Israell : Loquente Ephraim , horror inuasit Israell . Ephraim , by interpretation , is sharpe , and Israell , the man that saw God. The sinner sheweth great sharpnes against the deuill , when ( by true contrition ) he layes open his soule to God , in which sense we may terme him to bee the same Ephraim . As for Israel , well may we tearme him to be Lucifer , who saw God , he being one of the chiefest and most noble angelicall spirits that God created . Now the deuill can haue no greater feare , horror and dismay , then when he sees a contrite sinner , to accuse him selfe of sinne , and ( without any thought at all of merit ) to condemne himselfe , as vnworthy to come in Gods sight , for then are his sinnes pardoned in the death of his deare sonne , and the deuill looseth the soule which he thought he had wonne . And who can tell , but that the Prophet Ezechiel had the like meaning , in those mysterious words which he spake : Loquutus sum ad populum mane , & mortua est vxor mea vespere ? I spake vnto the people in the morning , and at euen my wife dyed ? as if he would haue said . A great matter is this that hath happened vnto mee , O Lord , because I spake vnto the people in the morning , and to me my wife is dead at euening , it may bee therefore ( perhaps ) my wife dyed by night , because in the cleare morning I spake to the people . Our wife is our sinne or transgression , which ( in committing of it ) we take as our consorte : and she being naught and wicked , seekes to dye secretly , and in the darke euening of wilful despaire , as ashamed of her owne lothsomnesse . But in the bright morning , that is , in the contrite clearing of our consciences , by the lustre of diuine grace , which shewes our foule deformity , and makes vs humbly acknowledge al our sins ( from the bottome of our hearts ) to God alone , then is the diuell made mad and highly displeased . Claudio . Why then I perceiue , that sometimes we ought not only to be silent , but to speake likewise , and cry out with a lowd voice , in such manner as the keepers of a City do exclaime , hearing the enemies drums and trumpets neer at hand , intending the cities ruine & spoile . So then , not with mute voice , but rather in the loudest note of repentance , we ought to breake silence in such a dangerous season , seeing our deadly deformed sins ( our very grand capital enemies ) seeking all aduantages against the noble city of our soule . Whereto the careful watchmen & keepers therof , the reuerend , Fathers , Preachers and ministers of the word , doe dayly inuite vs , as beeing put in trust with the charge of so worthy a city . According as the Prophet Esay sayth . Super muros tuos , Ierusalem , constitui custodes : tota die & tota nocte in perpetuum non tacebunt . I haue set watchmen vpon thy walls , O Ierusalem , which all the day and all the night continually shall not cease . How can they cease , seeing so fierce and mortall enemies , in armed preparation comming against vs ? Quasi romphaea bis acuta omnis iniquitas plagae illius non est sanitas . All iniquitie is as a two edged sword , the wounds whereof cannot be healed . Two wayes is the Launce of our sinnes made sharpe , depriuing vs both of grace and glorie , killing both the body and soule together , and offending both God and our neighbour : robbing vs of glory , condemning vs into hell fire , confounding our vnderstanding , and quite blinding , our will. How then can the carefull keepers of this Citie holde their peace , seeing such cruell enemies comming on vs , and armed with such dreadfull weapons ? Non tacebo ( saith the Prophet Ieremy ) quoniā vocem buccinae audiuit anima mea , & clamorem praelij . I cannot be still , for my soule hath heard the sound of the trumpet , and the alarme of the battell . Who can chuse but cry now ? and cry out with an affrighted feare , when this mortal building is to be shaken with such dread & terror ? Contritio super contritionem vocata est , & vastata est omnis terra ; repentè vastata sunt tabernacula mea , subitò pelles meae . Destruction vpon destruction is cried , for the whole land is wasted , suddenly are my tents destroyed , and my curtaines in a moment . Lodouico . They also that are mindfull of the day of the Lord , so dreadfull and terrible , can do no otherwise , but euen break silence , & cry out in teares . They likewise , that ruminate on the infinite fauors , and singular graces hitherto extended toward them , cannot abstain , but break forth into diuine praises , euen as the Prophet Esay did . Qui reminiscimini Domini , ne taceatis , & ne detis silentium ei , donec stabiliat , & donec ponat Ierusalem laudem in terra . Oh you that are mindful of the Lord , keep not silence , and giue him no rest , till he repaire , und till he set vp Ierusalem , the praise of the world . as if he wold haue said , O you that remember God , you that are mindfull both of his iustice and mercy ; in no case see you be silent , neither let him enioy any rest : vntill he establish , and bring our soules into that land of promise , so worthy of all glory and eternall laude . But al this crying out , is not any part of our speaking , but euen the voice of god himselfe , as we haue said before , & therfore , by our crying out in this manner , we breake not silence ; for such a silence shal be with god , as a loud speaking voice . As we may note in the man possessed with the diuel , who being silent in this sort , Iesus threw out the diuel , to the end of the possessed mā might speak ▪ Erat Iesus eiiciens Demonium , & illud erat mutum : & cùm eiecisset Demonium , loquutus est mutus . Iesus cast out a diuel which was dumb , & when the diuel was gon out , the dumb spake . The dumb mā spake , but not the diuel , for it pleased god to hear the man speak , in regard he spake well ; Loquebatur rectè : but he would not admit the diuell to speake , because he could speak nothing but euil , & as a detractor . In like māner , when ( in their dissembling speeches ) they praised him , Christ immediatly made thē silent , because , the praise of a defamer is but meer infamy . Such is that of the diuel , therefore ; Increpans , non sinebat ea loqui , and the reason hereof is alleaged by Salomon : Non est speciosa laus in ore peccatoris . Claudio . The silence then that is acceptable to god , it may be , is the same whereof Esay speaketh , saying . Sede tacens , & intra in tenebras filia Chaldaeorum , quia non vocaberis vltra Domina regnorum . Sit stil , & get thee into darknesse , Oh daughter of the Chaeldeas , for thou shalt no more be called the Lady of kingdomes . Chaldea by interpretation , is Scortū , as much to say as an harlot , and what else is this harlot , but euen the sinful soule , who hath broken faith with God , by the meanes of sin : and , of a beautiful spouse , which she was to God ; ( Sponsabo te mihi in fide ; I wil mary thee vnto me in faithfulnesse : ) is now become the harlot of the diuel ? Tu autem fornicata es cum amatoribus multis , in via stabas expectans eos . Thou hast plaid the harlot with many louers , thou hast sit waiting for them in the wayes . Therfore saith God to the sinful soule : Sit down false wretch , hold thy peace , speake not for shame , but get thee hence into cloudy darknesse . Three things therfore ought euery penitent sinful soule to do , for obtaining remission at the hands of god : to sit downe , to be silent , & enter into darknesse . Sit downe , for quieting of the mind . For , as the Philosopher saith : Anima quiescendo fit sapiens . Sit down , because by ceasing from sin , & taking repose from temporall affaires , the mind may be the better eleuated to god . Sedebit solitarius , & tacebit , & leuabit se super se . There is nothing that more exalteth our spirit to contemplation of celestiall things , then keeping our selues far off from worldly occasions , and with a sweet silence to be retired into some solitary place , free from the offensiue noyses of the world . Secondly , we ought to hold our peace , not prattle on temporarie trash , except as despising it , for , much more is the hart mooued to compunction , by such a contemplatiue silence , then by a tedious talkatiue protestation , therefore saith Ezechiel ; Ingemisce tacens in conturbatione spiritus . Mourne therfore silently in affliction of spirit . Pliny & Isodorus do both report , that there are certain men in India , which haue no mouthes , by want whereof they can neither speak nor eate : but in stead of meat , they smell vnto trees , by the odour whereof they liue and are nourished , and gestures do serue them , in place of a tongue . A penitent sinner ought to imitate this strange kind of people , silently to contemplate , fast , and feede more on celestiall sweete fauours , then on these worldely surfetting meates and drinkes ; which doe but nourish the bodye in all sinne and iniquitie . Thirdly , we must enter into darknesse , that is , to shun all popular resort , to lock our selues close vp in our chamber , or repaire to some priuate shady place , where no entising matter whatsoeuer , may corrupt the eye , & so withdrawe the minde from zealous meditation . In former times , diuers holye men haue chosen to liue in mossie caues , in vast vnhaunted desertes , and solitarie places , where none coulde haue accesse to hinder their good purposes . But I doe not wish the like in these dayes , for I know , that a silent roome to a mans owne selfe , maye bee as fit a sanctuarye for his troubled soule as an other . And there he may thinke on all the trauailes of our Sauiour , who ouercame all the darknesses of death and hel , and in his bloode washt away his cole black sinnes , to make him a white Sainte in the kingdome of heauen : therefore Sede , tace , intra tenebras . When a man is not busied about vaine discoursings , but sitteth alone quietly by him selfe ; the more easily may he contemplate , on the obscure darknesse of his own iudgement , as also of hel , death and sin : wherupon it is written , that the Patriark Iacob stood silently considering , on the mysterious words of his son Ioseph : Pater verò rem tacitus considerabat . And Daniel , at the apparition of the Angell that spake vnto him , was silent , & with humble lookes beheld the earth : Deieci vultum meum ad terram , & tacut : I set my face toward the ground , and held my peace . Happy is he , that with like holy taciturnity , fixeth his eyes on the earth , contemplating , that himself is but earth , and into earth he must returne again . This will school him , from opening his mouth to ribald speeches , blasphemous iests , oaths and cursings , as also to all infamy and detraction . And who knows , whether ( to this end or no ) God permitted the diuel to bind vp the tongue , as seeing , how ready it was to many euill offices ? wherfore , for amendment therof , God suffered the diuel to enter the mans body , so to strike dumb the ouerlauish tongue , and ( by this chastisement ) it became recouered : whereupon it is written , that after this correction , it spake more perfectly ; Et loquebatur rectè . Many speak , but very few speake wel , for they open their mouthes to detraction and murmuring , and the tongues of such are venemous like vnto that of the Serpent : which , in the deadlinesse of his poyson , appeares to be black , & because it mooueth with all possible swiftnesse , it seemes to be forked . So is the diuelish tongue of the defamer and murmurer , black in meer malice , venemous & mortiferous , dangerous both to the liuing and dead . It is also forked , by being sharpe subtile and swift to infamy , and by defaming , hurteth both the defamed , and the defamer . Wherof Dauid speaking , sayth , Acuerunt linguas suas sicut serpentes , venenum aspidum sub labiis eorum . They haue sharpned their tongues like serpents ; Adders poyson is vnder their lips . Finis Cap. 11. The Argument . Discoursing on the murmuring and detracting tongue , and how fitly it should be bound to eternall silence ; for the praise thereof is shame , and the honour , most hatefull . Also , that the detractor is not onely abhominable , but is meerly abhomination it selfe : for whatsoeuer he sees , he makes a most vile interpretation thereof . Chap. 12. LODOVICO . There is a certain little broad kind of creature , deriued or bred out of carion or foule putrifaction , which although sometimes ( like the fleetest little bird ) it towreth toward heauen , and with an vnpleasing buzzing , would chide ( as it were ) at all the other soules : yet is it so full of rotten corruption , as , after a silly flight , and a little sorie harsh singing , he returnes back to his stinking place of creation , and , as abhorring the height of heauen , seemes most proude of his noysome habitation , and loathing to feed on odoriferous things , doth feede or glut himselfe with filthinesse onelye . To such offensiue Scarabes , may I compare the detractour and murmurer , who , though they seeme like little broad birds to vulgare opinions , when ( in dissembling charity ) they reprooue other mens defects : yet it may plainely be discerned , how noysome they are in their owne nature , euen while they haue other mens infirmities in their mouthes . For by their murmuring and peruerse speeches , they seeke to soyle and besmeare euery good deede and vertuous intention , euen as if they were of those Pharisies , which murmured against Christ , because he exhorted to repentance , receiued sinners , and conuersed among them . Et murmurabant Pharisaei & Scribae , dicentes : Quia hic peccatores recipit , & manducat cum illis . The Scribes and Pharisies murmured , saying : He receiueth sinners , & eateth with them . Claudio . A very deuilish tongue . They murmured , that the Physitian was come to visite the sick ; that the Chirurgian shoulde heale the plague ; that the sheephearde shoulde bring back to his deare esteemed flock , the affrighted strayed Lambe ; that the mysticall widdow should searche diligently for her lost groate ; & that the heauenly Schoolmaster should come to enstruct earthly ignorant schollers . But it is no maruell : for the vessell must needes tast of that which was cōteined in it . That great wise Hebrew king of Israel , who drew men from the very farthest Pole , to heare his admired wisedom ; speaking of the wicked , as fitting this purpose , vsed these words . Oculus mali ad malum . And in another place , vnder other wordes , he also affirmeth ; Lucerna impiorum peccatum , which is as much to say , as , whatsoeuer the wicked seeth , is sin , or , the sight of the vngodly , is sin . Lodouico . How can this stand ; that what the wicked beholdeth , is sin ? or how can this be true , Lucerna impiorum peccatum , that the eye of the vngodly lookes onely at euill ? why then , if a sinner come into the Church , and do heare there diuine seruice , or a Sermon , and afterward ( among other faithfull men ) receiue the blessed sacrament , of our Lord and Sauiours memorable death left vnto vs , which ( hauing sight ) he cannot do , but he must needs looke on the Preacher , as also the other vpon him , shal that be reputed to him as sin ? If this argument hold , that the wicked seeth nothing but euill , then it must needs be so , which I think not possible : how then is Salomon herin to be vnderstood ? Claudio . My good Lord , the wise man ( in mine opinion ) cold not deuise to haue spoken better , and Aristotle approoues this sentence very sufficiently , in his vulgar propositions : Vnumquodque recipitur per modum recipientis ▪ Euery thing is receiued , according to the nature of the bodye that receiues it , and not according to the nature of the thing it selfe receiued . Heereupon it followeth , that the thing abstracted or receiued ( in his owne nature ) standes seperated from any contrarie matter , and yet partaketh or rellisheth of that which receiues it , and seemes to make it of an other nature . Wee may example the same by our intelligence or vnderstanding , which , the more important and materiall occasions are thereto imparted , the more it declares it selfe in perfection , and houldes a higher respect of them , then of those things that present lesse matter of regarde . For our vnderstanding sits as mid-way seated , betweene the thing apprehended or entertayned , and the body which receiues the same , and so declares his perfection or weakenesse in the receipte . And all this hath no other reason for allowance thereof , but because that euery thing is receiued or entertained , according to the bodyes nature or qualitye receiuing the same , and not after the nature of the thing it selfe entertayned . And heere-hence is it , that in a garden of Orendge trees , all beeing planted in one and the selfe same soyle , all alike in neerenesse , all husbanded by one and the same gardener , all nourished with one kinde of manuring , watered all with one water , and warmed all with one selfe same Sunne : that yet notwithstanding , they are so variable in taste , as one is sweete , another sower , and others of a middle sauour betweene bothe . And whence proceedeth this varietye , if not onely because : vnumquodque recipitur , per modum recipientis ? This secret is much more merueilously discouered , in the admirable art of engrafting , especially when we see to hang vpon one & the selfe same bough , the Peare , the Plum , the Chesnut , and the Seruise , who stealing seuerally their sap from the earth , by hidden and vnperceiueable wayes , are yet all nourished through one trunke or stock , and haue such a contrary and pleasing variety , as it is both a goodly sight to behold , and very strange also in consideration : wherein can nothing else be sayde , but because vnumquodque recipitur , per momodum recipientis . So then is this proposition of the wise man to be vnderstood : Oculus mali ad malum , and Lucerna impiorum peccatum . Not , that he which beholdeth a wicked man , is therefore a sinner ; but because the wicked man takes good things in an euil kind , as a murmurer or detractor knowes not how to speak wel of any man. And hence grew the bad spleen of the Scribes & Pharisies , because christ receiued and called poore sinners to repentance . I pray you my Lord tel me , what thing is or can be more holy then the sacred scripture ? and yet the heretique sucks therout false opinions and diuelish deuises ; where contrarywise , the true Christian gathers nothing but sound and perfect doctrine . Doth this diuersitie then arise by the decrees or determinations set downe in holy Scriptures ? Not so my Lord : for if the sacred Scriptures should haue beene the birth thereof , they would yet also be the occasion of infinite heresies , which were a most wicked thing but to imagine so : rather let me assure you , that it happeneth no other way , but vnumquodque recipitur , per modum recipientis . The water of heauen batheth both the vine and the hemlock , yet the one is most wholesome , the other poysonous . The Bee and the Spyder soare abroade , and feede both together vpon one flowr : yet the one sucks hurtfull poyson , and the other most sweete delicious hony , which still affirmeth , that vnumquodque recipitur , per modum recipientis . Therefore , what the euill man sees , in this kind hee conuerteth it to euill : Oculus mali adm malum : Lucerna impii peccatum . A talkeatiue defamer knowes not how to speake well of any one . Lodouico . I remember an excellent example to this effect , of Plistoanax sonne to Pausanias , and ( as I thinke ) king of the Lacedaemonians , who beeing enformed , that a detestable foule tongu'd slaunderer had spoken well of him , made answere very worthily . Let it be falsly deliuered to this euil man , that I am dead , because in all his life time before he neuer spake well of any liuing man. When a Hen hath good and sufficient meate giuen her by the maid seruant , she will yet oftentimes forsake it , and goes to scrape in muck heapes , to feede there vpon wormes : where , if she chaunce to light vpon a pretious pearle , she rather pleaseth her selfe with the poore worme , and leaues the pearle there couered , by her owne casting earth vpon it . Euen so the murmurer and detractor , setting all good and honest workes aside , ( which are exposed onely for common benefite ) seekes industriously ( altogether ) into other mens weaknesses , to load them with blames and reprehensions , according to the nature of that filthie creature which takes such delight in durt & slyme , as therein she is buried , being aliue . As the like may be sayd of the Rauen , which makes his best nourishment of stinking carrion , & feedeth mainly vpon dead carkas●es ; yet ( for all that ) will not touch a liuing body . Euen so the detractors tongue , is ignorant in speaking well of any , how great and good soeuer their deseruings be : but runnes all about , onely to fasten vpon honour , fame and vnblemished reputation . Like vnto the dog of a butcher , sayth Bonauenture , in dicta salutis . Chap. 19. that euermore hath his mouth all goarie . Such are these euill speaking tongues , alwayes tincturde with bloud , full of defamation , and besmeared with wounding slanders , & fatten thēselues greedily on their neighbours honour . Claudio . Meer doggish tongues , that know not how to be stil , but alwayes are barking , and when they heare no noise at all , or haue nothing else to barke at : then ( with lowde importunate voice , ) they barke at the moone and bright glittering stars . So doe these noisefull men , euer runne about to seeke new matter of infamie , as dreaming stil on fresh grounds of detraction : but when they want matter to raile against men , they stick not to murmur against God and his saints ▪ Such vile kind of tongues , vnapt to speak or conceit wel of any , be they neuer so good and honest : if they contend at any time against their own bad nature , they wil be sure to vtter lyes , esteeming them far better then the trueth . Vpon this occasion , I call to minde a notable example of Apelles of Ephesus a most excellent painter , drawing the counterfeite ( with admirable skill ) of Antigonus King of Macedon , brother to Alexander the great , who hauing but one eye , he drewe him in such artificiall manner , as that part of deformity could not be discerned . And beeing demaunded , for what reason he had not figured him so apparantly , as both the one and other eye might be beheld , replyed thus . Let it suffice that I haue drawne him with his naturall lineaments & made no appearance of deformity in the ey defectiue , let another paint his picture , as him pleaseth . The murmurer is not of this painters mind , studious to couer meane blemishes and mislikes , but rather striues to ad more enforcement of blame , making strict enquiry after mens vices only : as throwing al desertfull merit aside , or whatsoeuer ( for vertue ) ought iustly to be cōmended , therfore is it rightly sayd of such by Salomon : Sēper iurgia quarit malus : Angelus autem crudelis mittitur contra ●um . A seditious person seeketh only euil , and a cruel messenger shall be sent against him . Lodouico . Very woorthilie doeth God send a cruell messenger against the murmurer , because himselfe was most cruell against his neighbour , stirring vp vniust and ●auselesse quarrelles , because indeed he knew not else how to liue , without speaking false and iniuriously of some body , manifestly declaring , that where hee could not hurt with his hands , hee would bee sure to doe it with a spightfull tongue . Heereupon , Brusonius telles vs in his first booke , that Zoilus beeing asked , what was the reason hee spake euill of euery one , returned this answer : I speake ill , because I can do no ill . This was the infamous Poet that wrote against Homer , and hee is the father of detractors : whereupon , all those that write against men of merite , are called Zoili , and hence it was that Ouid sayde . Ingenium magni liuor detractat Homeri ; Quisquis es , ex illo , Zoile nomen habes . La●rtius declareth in his second booke , that Socrates being made acquainted , how there was one in the city which alwayes spake euil of him , made this answere : Quia benè loqui nescit . As if this greate Philosopher would haue sayde : I little regard , if that talkeatiue fellow speake alwayes badly of me , because I do not alwayes badly : and he neuer ceasing to speake euill , confirmes the same , because hee knows not how to speak wel of any . And yet notwithstāding , in somwhat I may merite part of praise , which if it should come out of his mouth , were iust none at all . Claudio . Of the same opinion was Seneca , in writing thus . Malè de te loquuntur homines , sed mali ; mouerer si de me M. Cato , si Laelius sapiens , si duo Scipiones ista loquerentur . Nunc malis displi●ere , laudari est . Non potest vllam authoritatem habere sententia , vbi qui damnandus est , damnat . Malè de te loquuntur homines ; mouerer , si iudicio hoc facerent ; Nunc morbo faciunt ; non de me loquuntur , sed de se . Malè de te loquuntur , qui bene nesciunt loqui : faciunt , nō quod mereor , sed quod solent , &c. As if he would haue sayde . I should haue taken it offensiuely , if that men of good and honest life had spoken euill of me : but because themselues are wicked , they speake but what is pleasing to themselues , and therefore I care not what they say of me , because the very despightfullest speeches of bad men , is highest commendation to an honest man. The sentence of him that deserueth condemnation , hath no merite in condemning another . I should indeede be mooued , if this were doone with iudgement , but seeing they doe it by innated wickednesse , they doe nothing at all against me , but meerely condemue themselues , as those that know not how to speake well of any man , much like vnto such dogges , which ( not by fiercenesse , but by naturall consuetude ) barke and make a bawling : but barking dogges neuer prooue good hunters . The same did Salomon also cleerely expresse , saying : Ambulans recto itinere , & timens Deum , despicitur ab eo , qui infami graditur via . He that walketh in his righteousnesse , feareth the lord , but he that is leude in his wayes , despiseth him . If then good men are despised and defamed by the guilty , it is a good signe to be blamed by the like detractors , and not to be taken as any matter troublesome . For when men of bad life , do scorne the good for honest actions , it is euen no otherwise , then as if the blind should floute other men because they see ; or as if the lame shoulde checke others for going vprightlye . Or in like case , as if a villaine of the mountaines of Iurea , shold breake into laughter , when hee sees another man without a greate pogh or throate bag hanging downe his breast , and sayes he lacks a member of his body , because all that liue there haue the like . So may it be well sayd , Ambulans recto itinere , & timens Deum , despicitur ab eo , qui infami graditur via . As it is no disgrace to the Sunne , or the day , because their cleare splendour & brightnesse is not pleasing to night-haunters , such as the Owle , and other creatures , louers of darkneesse : Euen so is it no shame to bee slaundered by the wicked , whose tongues are quite out of tune , if they should talk well of any man. Lodouico . Moreouer , it is a shame to be commended by such infamous tongues : and happily , in this respect was it , that our Sauiuiour Christe made the deuils silente , when they confessed him to be Christe : Et increpans non sinebat ea loqui , quia sciebant illum esse Christum . Salomon in like maner saith : Non est speciosa laus in ore peccatoris , quia non est a domino missus : Praise is not seemely in the mouth of a sinner , for that is not sent of the Lord. Because , as Seneca saith . The praise of wicked men , is a manifest instance , that the praised is like vnto the praiser . Sit tibi tam triste laudari a turpibus , quàm si laudaberis ob turpia . Therefore Antisthenes the great Philosopher , was very much offended , when he heard that certayn lewde liuers had highly commended him , according as Diogenes Laertius tels vs , which made him say , Wretched that I am , I feare no greater mishap could haue befalne me : O me miserum : metuo , ne in crimen aliquod inciderim . An other Philosopher also being tolde , that some of euil conuersation had liberally praised him , answered . Alas , what euill haue I doon ? As knowing , that the wicked extol vices only , and throw what scandale they can vpon vertue . Claudio . As fitting this purpose , there is a verie notable sentence written by morall Seneca : Argumentum est recti viri , malis displicere . It is an argument sufficient enough of goodnesse , not to please the euill . The selfe same is affirmed by the father of Latine eloquence , Cicero , where he sayth . That the praise of laudable men only , is ioyfull and acceptable . Ea est profecto iucunda laus , quae ab his proficiscitur , qui & ipsi in laude vixerunt . There is no account then to be made , of the praise or blame of such pratlers , whose commendation begetteth no honor , neither their reproofe any blamefull preiudice : because their praise more hurts then helpes , and such blame is more cordiall , then able to corrupt . Also the holy Apostle Saint Peter sayth , that nothing can be hurtfull to a good-follower . Quis est qui vobis noceat , si boni aemulatores fueritis ? Sed & si quid patimini propter iustitiam , beati . Who is he that will harme ye , if you follow that which is good ? Notwithstanding , blessed are yee , if you suffer for righteousnesse sake . What hurt can he doe , whose praise is infamy ? Let vs then haue the iustice of God before our eyes in all our actions , & then we may say with Dauid , when such men praise , or speake euill of vs : Domine memorabor iustitiae tuae solius , and this is sufficient . Lodouico . These talkeatiue murmuers are not much vnlike to diuelles , who sometimes by the meanes of their temptations , are the causers of our greate good , in making vs more mindefull of our walking before God. Euen so the slaunderous detracting tongue giues occasion for amendement of some vice offensiue to the soule , and of liuing more vprightly , without any apparant note or mark , for auoyding of occasion of blame by others . Whereupon Diogenes the Cinick sayde . That for liuing well and vprightly , there is as much neede of cruel enemies , as of louing kind friends : for looke what friends doe worke by charity , enemies make triall thereof by malice . So that oftentimes , the case prooues more beneficiall , beeing strained to his vttermost , by reproouing , murmuring , and the trecherous practises of enemies : then the light checks , souple perswasions , or vaine pitty of friendes . Therefore muta fiant labia dolosa : because the one helpeth accidentallye , and the other by deliberate studie . Claudio . So odious to God are these detractors , as Salomon being not contented to tearme them abhominable , doth call them also abhomination it selfe . Abhominatio est hominum detractor , The detractor is abhomination , could he speake any worse ? Lesse had he said of their deseruings , if he had tearmed them but abhominable : but in calling them abhomination it selfe , hee could not paint foorth any thing more detestable . For , if Abominari , doe signifie pro malo omne habere , then in calling them abhomination , he meaneth , that they are vnhappinesse it selfe , and not any prediction or augurie therof : which made him say a little after . Fili mi , detractoribus ne miscearis , Quoniam repentè consurget perditio eorum , & ruinam vt riusque quis nouit ? As if in other wordes hee woulde haue sayde . My Sonne , take this counsell of me , conuerse not with mē of an euil tongue , because they are conioyned ( as it were ) with their owne ruine . Therefore God cannot long time suffer such talkers , who with their tongues , like the Sithe of an vnskilfull mower , make a bundle of all hearbs together , reputing them all to be naught worth . As , very excellently Dauid doth paint them forth in one of his Psalmes . Posuerunt in coelum os suum , & lingua eorum transiuit in terra . They stretch forth their mouth vnto heauen , and their tongue goeth throw the world . And who knows my Son , if thou ( with them ) doest not euen chastise god himself ? and therfore as a companion of their crimes , shalt thou also be partaker of their punishment . Therefore , Detractoribus ne miscearis . This is many wayes to be discerned clearely enough , and by diuers very liuely examples . But among all other , I remēber one , which is recoūted by S. Gregory , in the fourth book of his dialogues , of a very honest womā , who was neuerthelesse much subiect to the vice of detraction , & very easilie drawne to murmur against any body . But drawing neere her death , it pleased God so in iustice to punish her , as al that part of her head wheras her tongue lay , was burnt round about , and not any other place of her body toucht . In the booke of examples , the ninth distinction , and the 57. example , it is registred of a man of religious habite , but one very vicious in his life , who was greatly addicted to the sin of detraction . And finding himselfe to waxe very sick , hee was exhorted by diuers of his friends , to send for some reuerend diuine , and betweene God and his soule to remember the bad course of his life past , that hee might aduise him to the speedier repentance : but he made them answere , that he could not doe it , because his case was dispatcht already . They not giuing him ouer so , but still earnestly solliciting him , desired him not so much to regard the greeuousnesse of his sinnes , as to thinke on the infinite mercies of God , who neuer withdrawes his eye from a repentant sinner . Suddenly his tongue ( in this his stiffe impenitencie ) started out of his head , whereat hee making an offer in anger to strike , wrote afterward these words with his finger on the wall ; This wicked tongue is the cause of my damnation . Furthermore it is sayd , that his tongue continued swelling in such strange manner , as hee could by no meanes drawe it back into his mouth , but dying in this horrible manner , gaue a feareful example of eternall damnation to al detractors . Let vs fly then from this diuelish vice , and get farre enough off from the like infamous tongues : because their wicked company is to be shunned of all men that are weake in vertue . Detractoribus ne miscearis . Seeke therefore , to conuerse and company with such as are grounded in vertue , and do hold in due esteem true sanctity of life . For , as the Sun beames on foule mud , is not a iot attainted , but brings that moist filthinesse to dry dust : Or , as good strong wine swallows vp and conuerts water into his own substance ; And quenched coales are by close keeping quickly kindled againe : Euen so doe vertuous men reduce the vitious into perfection , without any taint or iniury to their owne goodnesse . Lodouico . I am of opinion ( my Lord ) that it is better keeping off a loofe , then comming neere to such diabolicall tongues : because we are then more secure that they cannot contaminate vs , how weake soeuer we be , then we are certaine to win them from their innated vices . Saul prophecied among the holy Prophets , yet for all that ( among vile men ) he was the very vilest . Laban by Iacob became exceeding rich in substance , but yet was very poor in beleef and goodnesse . Potiphar by Ioseph grew euermore to be a maruellous substantiall man , but in himselfe he increased the largest measure of wickednesse . Wherby we may for a certainty perceiue , that the saying of the Lyrick Poet is most true : Quo semel est imbuta recens , seruabit odorem testa diù . Finis Cap. 12. The Argument . Murmuring is an infectious sinne , worse then any other disease , and easie to be taken , therefore it behooueth vs to flye the company of talkeatiue detractors , because they are the originall of many euilles . Whence it is that murmuring first ariseth . VVhat punishment God hath inflicted on murmurers : who haue leapt out of themselues ( as it were ) to fasten hold on other mens imperfections , and stealing much lesse then they looked for , at last vtterly lost all . How they haue ioyned the tongue with the eare ; how they haue deceiued themselues ouer-much in iudgement , by their owne dangerous facility in speaking euill of all men , to which God will giue ( as a chastisement ) a perpetuall silence . With an exhortation of the holy ghost , not to defame , but to refraine speaking euill of our neighbor . Chap. 13. CLAVDIO . We neede make no doubt , but that it is much better to keep our selues far off , then to abide neer such wickednesse , knowing our owne weaknesse ; least while we seek other mens health , we foolishly loose our own . Neuerthelesse , whosoeuer can reduce such tongues to perpetuall silence , it wil appeare in him to be a very great office of charity . Murmuring is an infectious disease : for we may read , that Myriam the sister of Moses , murmuring and speaking euil against her sayd brother , suddenly she became a Leaper , quite couered ouer with a white ougly scurfe , not much vnlike a fold of snowe . And this happened by the iust iudgement of God , who appearing in the piller of the cloude , after her thundring foorth those disdaynefull speeches , in the presence of the two brethren Moses and Aaron , Myriam was smitten with the aforenamed leprosie . Now albeit Moses and Aaron were great in the fauour of God , and laboured him very instantly with their godly prayers for her : yet could they not otherwise preuaile , but that for seauen dayes she must be sequestred from the people . If the punishmēt shold alwayes be inflicted answerable to the sin , detraction & murmuring beeing such an infectious euil , as nothing in the world whatsoeuer sooner hurteth : iudge you by the chastisement of Moses sister with leaprosie , what should bee layde on such as sinne therein , the disease beeing as readye in catching , as the lauish tongue is in detracting . Lodouico . Woorthily ( in mine opinion ) was it so ordered , to sunder such a byting tongue from all the other people , least it might also happen to infect them too . For heere was not any regard , how ( euen but a little before ) they had prophecied , in composing this worthy song . Cantemus Domino , gloriose enim magnificatus est , equum , & ascensorem deiecit in mare . We wil sing vnto the Lord , for he hath triumphed gloriously : the horse , and him that rode vpon him , hath he throwne in the sea . Neither was there any respect made of Moses and Aaron his brother , the one a Prince , the other the high Priest & both beloued of the Lord , wherefore thus in iustice the lord did punish her . If god shold alwayes thus chastice this great sin , there would not be found , neither could there be heard , so many detracting & grudging tongues , a meer infectious plague among the people : but silence wold be held in more venerable esteem , and found to be not so necessary , as profitable . Cla. It is such a pernicious thing , I meane this hellish vice of murmuring , that oftentimes , of very few words do arise infinite discords , for the holy ghost saith by the mouth of Salomon : A scintilla vna augetur ignis , & ab vno doloso augetur sāguis : Of one little spark is made a great fire , & of one deceitful mā , is bloud encreased . As of one spark a great flame is kindled , so by one malitious murmurer greate sins are encreased . Sometimes a foolish body puts a spark of fire to the side of a poore mans house , & without doing any further harme departeth . But then there comes another more foolish , or rather more malitious then the first , who so stirs & blowes the little sparke , that it breaks forth into a great flame , which burnes , consumes & brings the whole house into ashes . If the secōd had not stird & blown it , the spark perhaps had dyed of it self , neuer mounting vp to a flame , or harming the poor house . A great fault was it in the first , but much greater ( me thinkes ) in the second . He commits a great sin , that ( as but a spark ) is the first murmurer and deprauer of his neighbour , there is no question to be made of that : but yet a far greater sin is it in him , that ( as the diuels mouth or bellowes ) comes & blowes that spark to a flame , adding more violēt strength therto , of viler infamy then before was thought on , & meerly without any regard at all . But often times it happeneth , that some part of that which the lauish tongue hath fondly vttered in scorne or spight , sorteth to a very good signall or forewarning , & somewhat that hath bin rashly thrown forth , in meer furie or disdain , appeareth afterward , as if it had bin pronounced by mature or deliberate counsel . Therfore we may say , A scintilla vna augetur ignis , & ab vno doloso augetur sanguis , id est peccatum : not only in deliuering the fault to many , but likewise by enlarging it , & speaking much more thereof then himselfe hath heard . Lodouico . This accursed sin ariseth of ouermuch readinesse , in prying into other mens errors & escapes , without one looke into our owne imperfections . When the Schoolemistresse for instruction of yong maidēs , either in reading , sowing , knitting or such like , abideth in the school ; you shall see them all with their heads held downward , very earnest at their bookes & needles , obseruing wary & feareful silence . But let her be gon out of schoole , or neuer so little out of sight , ye shall see them presently forsake their seates , leape , skip and runne singing about , committing a thousand vnhappy pranks . And if there be any there , that would apply or tend their exercise , they cannot doe it , because they are so disturbed by the other . Euen so , when a man hath a care of himselfe , reason ( like a warie schoolmistresse ) awaiteth vpon the powers and faculties of his bodie , which ( according as children in the eye of their mistresse ) do all their offices quietly , and by the true direction of reason . But so soone as a man starts out of his owne care , and will needes become a considerer of other mens defectes , their liues , dealings and behauiours : then growe the powers of the soule to be disturbed in such sort , as no one of them can rightly doe his dutie as hee would , for attending onely to others imperfections . Yet many times it happeneth , that this their disquiet , becomes the occasion of amēdment in others , and fals out to be their own perdition by offending both god , their neighbors and themselues . For as a Riuer , when it ariseth tempestuouslie out of his owne bed or bounds , and runnes many wayes circling it selfe ouer the neighbouring fields and meadowes , doth sullie them with her mud , and ( for the time of her there abiding ) seemes to doe them hurt , but returning much troubled , leaues them subiect to the more fertility : So the man that mounts out of consideration of his owne proper life , & with the mind ( as with a troublesome torrent ) serpent-like runs winding & turning about other mens blames , snatching at euery one as opportunity serueth him : If they ( by the sanctified vertue of patience ) can but support such snarling , the one wil remain with his mouth ful of filth , & the others defects be much amended , for the detractor shal look like a foule troubled water , condemned by euery one , and all muddyed with the mire of his owne base murmuring . Claudio . If the detractor step out of himselfe , as the mistresse somtime doth out of her schoole , leauing the powers of the soule somewhile quite abādoned , euen as Schollers do then giue ouer al regard of schoole : why then detraction becomes the cause of forgetfulnesse of himself , because while so importunately he attēdeth vpon others , himselfe steales from himself , which cannot be without most greeuous hurt to himselfe : Because , what greater fauour can the master of a house do to a theefe , then both he and all his familie to goe out of doores , and leaue it without any faithfull guardian at all ? I hope ( without dread ) the theef may then , as commodiously as his own hart can wish , rob & beare away whatsoeuer him pleaseth . The biting murmurer , being altogether gone quite out of himselfe , and from his owne peculiar consideration , applying all the powers of his vnderstanding , to other mens infirmities and defects , and cauillously catching hold wheresoeuer he can : his wil is wholly addicted to speake euill of others : his memorie particularly reckōs vp other mens errors . The hearing listens willingly what is sayd of others , in murmuring , detracting , or the least euil speaking . The sight hath the eyes of Argus , prying into other mens slips , but in his own he is as blind as the Moale . The fecte run swiftly to acquaint the eare with other mens blames & taints : and the hands haue some office too , not so much as pardoning a poor pen & paper , but al sides shall be fild full of other mens infamy . Now enters the diuel into this empty house , beeing left quite vnmastred and forsaken of the careful soule , and there he steales & makes booty of al what is good soeuer , that they may neuer more be helpful to poor wretched man. Thus while he goes about playing the theef to others , he becomes robd himselfe , & while he steales away another mans good fame with his vile tongue , his owne soule ( left vnlooked too ) is caried away by diuels , & so without gayning any thing , himselfe looseth all things . Lodouico . Oh extreame misery , oh wonderfull folly , oh intollerable error ! How much more necessarie were a holy taciturnity , a sweet silence ? nay , much better were it to haue no tongue at al , then thus to be the cause of our own destruction . Not to heare onely , might suffice to make vs silent , for what is he that would tel a thing to him who imployes all his power not to heare it ? Therefore very wel sayd S. Ierome , Si deesset auditor , non esset murmurator . Nemo enim libenter illi aliquid narrat , qui narrantem grauiter , & molestè audit . They that willingly giue eare to detractors , do resemble such as dresse vnsauory meat , to the end it may last long . Or like them that refuse to withhold & check a dog from biting , but rather prouokes and sets him on with greater violence ; a very diuelish and wicked kind of course . If a man would haue respect to his owne actions , and were no curious inuestigator after other mens defects , he cold haue no occasion of murmuring . Ezechiel the Prophet sawe those fowre mysterious beasts , that went al with their faces forward , and neuer turning backward , as some others do : vnumquodque ante faciem suam ambulabat : They returned not , but euery one went straight forward . Claudio . To what purpose doe you produce a thing so manifest ? They that be not backward-legd , how should they otherwise goe but directly forward ? It is euident , that when those horses went , they went toward their look , & not backward , as somtime children doe in scorne . Therefore I count it but as superfluous , that the Prophet made such a description of these foure mysterious beasts . Lodouico . He sayd very well , and without any dissimilitude at all : vnumquodque ante faciem suam ambulabat . Because there are some kinde of persons that goe backwarde , and such are they , who after the manner of wanton dallying children , do badly ; going backward , onely but to behold other mens infirmities , not hauing their owne liues before their eyes . Such is the behauiour of murmurers and detractors , of whome we may say : Quasi per risum stultus operatur malum : It is a pastime to a foole to doe wickedly . The Prophet speaking , that euery one of the beasts wēt with his face forward , giueth vs to vnderstand therby , that they had their liues before their eyes : because iust men doe listen to themselues , consider their owne actions , and according as they find the least blemish , so they doe seeke for amendment thereof . God deliuer vs from such , as haue their liues hāging behind their backs , as murmurers and detractors haue , carying a watchful eye vpon other mens liues & defectes , but neuer look into their own weaknesses . Of whom Dauid saith . Exixstimasti inique , quod ero tui similis : arguam te , & statuam contra faciem tuam . Thou thoughtst wickedly , that I am euen such a one as thy self : but I will reprooue thee , and set before thee the things that thou hast doone . These are the wordes of God himselfe , which he will speake to the slaundering sinner , in the finall strict iudgement , euen as if hee would haue sayd . Thou thoughtst , wicked wretch , that I was like to thee , and that as thou throwest thy sinnes behind thy back , so I woulde be as forgetfull of them too . But thou art deceiued , for I will approoue thee with reason , how much thou hast erred , both in thy wicked life , as also thy dayly sinnes , and I will set them all before thine eyes , to the end , that thou maist see them with a blushing countenannce , and the shame of them confounding thee , thou maist thinke with thy selfe , what paines thou hast in iustice deserued . Claudio . This most seuere iudgemente , the same Dauid , with more expresse wordes ( in the name of God ) speaketh of in another place . Erubescant impij , & deducantur in infernum , muta fiant labia dolosa . Let the vngodly bee put to confusion , and bee put to silence in the graue . Let the lying lips be put to silence , inferring hereby : That the wicked lyer , and long tongu'd detractor , at the day of finall iudgement shall be made ashamed , and cast down into hel ; where the infamous lying lippes shall murmur in paines . And this punishment shall befall them , because they haue abused iust and innocent men , with proude , disdainefull and wicked speeches . Quae loquūtur aduersus iustum iniquitatem , in superbia , & in abusione . Which cruelly , disdainefully & despightfully speake against the righteous . God keep vs from this tyrant of other mens fame , which so vilely , euen as if they were slaues , wil handle good men . Therefore in deuout prayer sayd Dauid to God : Redime a calumniis hominum , vt custodiā mandata tua . O deliuer me from the slanders of men , and I will keepe thy precepts . Slaues are redeemed or deliuered , and because that detractors are worse then tirants , which with shamefull cruelties doe oppresse their people , therefore the Prophet vseth the word Redimere . Beside , the detractour tortureth more grieuously and insupportably with his vile tongue , then the tyrant can doe : for though the tyrant torments , punishes and depriues men of goods , liues , or otherwise , yet notwithstanding , he molestes not such as willingly will serue him . But the defamer , he speakes euill generally , murmures against euery man , & offendeth euery one . Nay , that which is much worse , looke whatsoeuer he but dreameth on , he wold haue the same taken for a truth , and for a truth he deliuers it abroad to others . So that to say or vnsay , or how many wayes so euer he can deuise , whereby to abuse mens ready credulity , be it in good or euill kinde , all is one , he cares not , and a thousand examples may for this be produced . When Haman , being oppressed with his proude hearts anguish , threw him selfe downe vpon the bed of Queene Hester , entreating her with teares for his life : she thought he would haue slaine him selfe with griefe , and yet he did it but to deceiue the vertuous Lady . When Iaacob departed from Laban , Laban imagined that Iaacob had stolne his Idols : but vpon search afterward , hee found no such matter . When Ioseph inuited his beloued bretheren to a sumptuous banquet , they were perswaded that Ioseph meant to murther them , but neuer did such a thought enter the heart of Ioseph . Eli the Priest seeing the lips of Hannah to mooue in the Temple , and yet not answere him in all her long prayer : supposed her to bee drunke , when as she was rapt vp in diuine meditation . The disciples of our Sauiour durst not conuerse with Paul , as thinking him not to bee conuerted , but that he continued still a cruell persecutour of the Christians , yet was he already made by Christ a vessell of election . Ieremy going foorth of Ierusalem by the gate of Beniamin , the keeper thought that he would haue fled to the Chaldeans : but the keeper was deceiued in Ieremie , for he meant to goe and diuide a portion of ground in the land of Beniamin . The Apostles , hauing receiued the grace of the holy ghost , spake to the admiration of all , in variable languages : but the Iewes thought them to be drunke with new wine , wherin they were deceiued , for they were not full of wine , but of the holy spirit . We should not therefore be ouer hasty in speaking and iudging , but first looke into the certaintie of the matter . God knoweth al things by his eternity , neuerthelesse when ( for our example ) he would chastise the Sodomites , it sufficed not , that he had heard , in his hig hest habitation , the infamous rumours which they made , in the execrable and abhominable citie of Pentapolis ; but hee would personally goe downe to see , if their workes were correspondent to their deedes , and that their tongues confirmed their vile actions . Whereupon the sacred testis tels vs , Dixit itaque dominus , Clamor Sodomorum & Gomorrhaeorum multiplicatus est , & peccatum eorum aggranatum est nimis . Descendam , & videbo vtrùm clamorem , qui venit ad me , opere complerint , an non ita , vt sciam . The Lord then said , Because the cry of Sodom & Gomorrah is great , and because their sinne is exceeding grieuous , I will goe downe now , and see whether they haue done altogether according to that cry , which is come vp vnto me : and if not , that I may know . Yet for all this , some busie tongu'd murmurers are so ready in iudging , blaming and determining , not onely without any fore-thinking , but meerely in rash conceite , as whatsoeuer they heare , it is presently taken for a truth , though there be an hundred witnesses to the contrary . Lodouico . These men ( perhaps ) haue tyed their tongues to their eares , and their hearing to their talking : for , any thing they heare , they presently bruite it abroad , defaming and detracting with wondrous facilitie , which made Dauid vtter that excellent sentence . Posuerunt in coelum os , & lingua eorum transiuit in terra . They set their mouth against heauen , and their tongue walketh through the earth . In saying , that they haue set their mouth against heauen , and theyr tongue walketh through the earth , he signifyeth , that they are very quick and indiscreet in talking , yea , there is nothing whereof they prate not , as well of difficult matters , as of such as are easie , as well of high , honorable , and persons great in dignitie , as of meane , base and popular degree , as well of Lords , as of vassailes , as well of guiltie , as of the innocent , iudging of all , and determining of all ouer-readily , & most maliciously . For where there is no mature counsell or deliberation , the sentence can neuer be free from error . And these men ( I thinke ) are those stammerers or corrupt speakers , whereof the holy Prophet maketh relation , that thrust foorth theyr wordes so nimbly , as they are scantly vnderstood , and a great sinne it is to lend eare to such . Lingua balborum velociter loquetur . The tongue of the stutterers shal be ready . They know not how to speake , and yet they wil be talking and censuring on al : but better were it to be without a tongue , then to haue it so ouer-long , and apt to speak euill . Claudio . These busie ianglers , which vtter all that they heare , and care not whom they slaunder , are like to certaine Bulles in India , of whom Plinie reports in his historie , that they haue their tongues so long , as they reach out vnto their eares . So these men haue tongues stretcht out to their eares , declaring , iudging and deprauing whatsoeuer they heare . They haue a heart each of them , but not to containe any thing , rather it resembles a broken glasse , loosing whatsoeuer liquour is put into it . Euen so these bad qualitied men , they can keep nothing secret , but if they hap to be silent , it is but when they shall listen to another mans infamy , although there is nothing , either in this world or the other more precious , then good fame & honest reputation . Hence was it that the holy ghost sayd : Audistis verbum aduersus proximum ? commoriatur in te , as if he would haue said . Hast thou heard thy neighbour defamed , and knowest not whether it be true or no , yet knowest that euery man is a lyer , and the tongue too ready in backe-biting and slaundering ? Make account , as if thou hadst not heard it , holde thy peace , make no report of it . For beside thy offending God therein , and defaming thy neighbour against the law of charitie ; thou shalt iniurie thy brother in a thing so precious as his honor is , and yet thy selfe gaine no honor at all therby , because thou wilt be held but for a tatler , a news-caryer , & shalt be in danger of spreading lyes abroad , vnder an imagination of telling the truth . So shalt thou be knowne but for a detractour , a lyer , and a tell-tale , and no man will beleeue thee when thou speakest the truth : therefore , Commoriatur in te , let it die in thee . Blab it not abroad , holde thou thy peace , and keep silence , for it is better to bee silent , then to speake euill , because detraction offendeth both others and thy selfe . But by holding thy peace of others infamy , thou honorest God in his creature , and hurtest not thy selfe , nor offendest thy neighbour . Holde then all detractours , murmurers and false speakers , to be vnworthy the company of any Christian . Finis Chap. 13. The Argument . There is not any thing more vneasie or insupportable , neyther lesse deseruing loue , then the tongue of the slaunderer and deprauer . And more easilie the Aegyptians might suffer the plague of Frogges , then we can indure the defamers tongue . What the cause was , why God sent such a punishment vpon the Aegyptians , by creatures so vile , & vnapt to offend . How difficult a thing it is to heale the plague of the tongue , declaring and approouing , that God onely must heale it : as he healed Aegypt , purifyed the lips of Esay , and restored speech to the dumbe . The murmurer is woorse then a theefe , and is figured in the rauenous birdes , reiected in the diuine sacrifices . Chap. 14. LODOVICO . Diogenes , the Cinicke affirmeth : That there is not any thing more laborious , then to traffique with bad men , nor any thing more comfortable , then to dwell among honest men . But hereto I adde , that among bad men , there is no company more hatefull , and worthyer to be fled from , then those kinde of men , which be addicted to detraction and slaunder , as despised both of God and men , being like vnto croaking Frogges , who can doe nothing but make a noise , in their vnpleasing and offensiue maner . And as they were giuen to Aegypt for a diuine punishment : so are murmurers and deprauers giuen to the world , euen as a plague , or as the scourge of God. There wanted no mysterie , in that our omnipotent God sent to the Egyptians , as a great scourge and punishment , frogges , for they are a most vile kinde of creature , begotten of the corruption of foule fennie waters , and are likewise so weake in offending , that hauing no poyson ( as serpents haue ) they may be handled . They haue no teeth , as dogges that can bite : they haue no force in their feete , as horses haue , to strike with their heeles : they haue no hornes , as Oxen , wherewith to doe harme : they haue no talants , like Eagles , therby to grapple : they haue no pawes , as Beares and Lyons , to teare in peeces withall : they haue no pointed bristles , like the hedgehog , to pearce through any thing : they haue no weapons , like men , therewith to kill : nor are they rauenous like wolues , that liue by deuouring . And yet were they sent as a principall plague from God to the Aegyptians , and that in such aboundance , as both water and lande produced infinite store of frogs : so that not onely the houses were ful of them , but their beds , tables , furnasses , & the very cupbordes wherin they kept their foode . Ecce , ego percutiam omnes terminos tuos Ranis . Et ebulliet fluuius ranas , quae ascendent , & ingredientur domum tuam , & cubiculum lectuli tui , & super stratum tuum , & in domos seruorum tuorum , & in populum tuum , & in furnos tuos , & in reliquias ciborum tuorum . Et ad te , et ad populum tuum , & ad omnes seruos tuos intrabuntranae . Beholde , I will smite all thy countrie with Frogges . And the riuer shall scrall full of frogges , which shall goe vp and come into thine house , and into thy chamber where thou sleepest , and vpon thy bed , and into the house of thy seruants , & vpon thy people , and into thine ouens , and into thy kneading troughes . Yea , the frogges shall climbe vp vpon thee , and on thy people , and vpon all thy seruants . This prodigie also Dauid registers in one of his Psalmes , saying : Dedit terra eorum ranas , in penetralibus regum ipsorum . Their land brought foorth frogs , euen in their kings chambers . Claudio . It is a matter much in vse among noble men , that if eyther they , or else some knight of honorable respect , doe receiue any iniurie by some meane or vile person , their generous spirit scornes to drawe a weapon to wound him : but commaundes some seruant of theirs ( of base condition ) to take a cudgell , and soundly to beate him therewith . Contrarywise , if the wrong proceede from a noble man , or his equall , it mooues his bloud the more , and for the abuse receiued , hee couets with his owne hand to acte an honorable reuenge . Among the bruite beastes of loftie disposition , we may not the like , euen by a meere naturall instinct , which makes the Lyon refraine turning to euery beast that abuseth him . Also the Greyhound and dogges for the chase , with others of like generous qualitie , they scorne to deale with any vile creature , or any dogge of gentle condition , albeit they may barke , and make a contemptible noise at them . But Petrarche tels vs of a dogge of Alexanders , who was of such a gallant condition , that hee disdained to fight with a Lyon : notwithstanding hee opposed him selfe against an Elephant , which is a beast of immeasurable strength , and surlynes of minde , exceeding other beastes in greatnes , and of all other the most disciplinable . God was very highly displeased at obstinate Pharao king of Aegipt , for afflicting his beloued people of Israel , contemning his diuine commandement , and refusing to let them passe to their sacrifices ; promising , yet afterward denying his promises to God , by the meanes of Aaron and Moyses . There was no neede , that a maiestie so great , a person so illustrious , and a Monarch so almightie , as God himselfe is , should come in proper person , to reuenge him selfe vpon a petty king of Aegipt . Moreouer , hee scorned to send one of his attendants , of soueraigne and Angelicall vertue , but for better subduing the obstinate pride of a heart therein so hardened : he sent vile and loathsome creatures , filthy , and made of putrifaction , such as Frogges are , which although they wanted weapons to endanger him withall , yet had they voices wherewith to wearie him , & thereby they kept such a continuall wicked sounding in his head , as he could neuer sleep . And such was the noyse of their hatefull croaking , as the Aegiptians could not vnderstand themselues in speaking one to another , hauing their houses full , their tables full , and their beds ful : beside , ouer and aboue the filthynesse which naturally they had , they were creatures most hatefull to looke on , and loathsome to touch . Much worse is the plague of Detractours , murmurers and lewde speakers in the world , and farre more tollerable were the frogges , as also more easily their vile voices to be endured : then the others infamyes , cursings and abhominable raylings . For , with their deuillish tongues , they offend the maiestie of God , murder the fame and reputation of their neighbour , and bring their owne polluted soules to wilfull perdition . A great similitude hath the wicked tongue with the frog , but yet goes beyond it in vilenes of qualitie . For , as the frog abydeth alwayes in muddye lakes and troubled waters : so the lewd tongue delighteth in deprauing his neighbour , and neuer commendeth any man for the vertues he possesseth . The frog is bred of the dirte and corruption in moorish grounds : so is the back-biting and slaunderous tongue deriued of a putrified hart , as also of an erronious and peruerse conscience . The frog with his horrid voyce , neuer ceaseth croaking day not night : and the detracting tongue neuer lacks matter of murmuring , permitting others to take no rest , but alwayes molests them with new deuised villanies , and will not let it selfe sleep , least it should loose time in harming others . Pharaos Magicians and Enchaunters , could not deliuer Aegipt from this great plague of frogs , but onely God him selfe must send them away , by reason of the two bretheren Aaron and Moyses , by whose earnest prayers , his omnipotencie was pleased to rid them thence . Euen so , God onely must take away this great plague from the world , of the murmuring , slaundering and detracting tongue . Domini est gubernare linguam . The rule of the tongue is of the Lord. Lodouico . This difficultie is sfficiently discouered in the Prophet Esay , whose mouth was puryfied with one of the sublime Seraphims , which with the tongs or tanackles , taking a burning coale from the Altar of the Lord , touched his tongue therwith , & so his lips were made free from all pollution . Et volauit ad me ( saith he ) vnus de Seraphim , & in manu eius calculus , quem forcipe tulerat de altari . Et tetigit os meum , & dixit . Ecce tetigi hac labia tua , & auferetur iniquitas tua , & peccatum tuum mundabitur . Then flewe one of the Seraphims to me , with an hot coale in his hand , which hee had taken from the Altar with the tongs . And hee touched my mouth , and sayd . Loe , this hath touched thy lips , and thine iniquitie shall bee taken away , and thy sinne shall be purged . It is a doctrine sufficient enough , & an opinion concording with the best diuines , that God neuer sends to the world , for execution of his workes , but onely those Angels of the vtmost or lowest Hierarchie ; except when he will doe some acte of some important consequence . Among all his maruailous and mighty workes , the most principall was that , of the ineffable incarnation of the Word , wheron afterward succeeded the redemption of the whole world , which was sent & pronounced by the Archangell Gabriel . If to deliuer a Sacrament so vnexpressable , & to treate on a matter so important , he sent onely but one Archangell : If God sent to cure the tongue of a sinner , who was not one of the worst in the world , but one of his most glorious Prophets of the olde Testament , not an Angell , nor an Archangell , but one of his highest and noblest Seraphims , which doe holde the chiefe place neerest vnto God : it may serue as an especiall argument , that to heale a hurtfull biting tongue , it is a matter of greatest difficultie . If to make sound a holy man , and such a one as Esay was , there needed to send foorth a Seraphim : then to recouer the tongue of a murmurer and an euill defamer ( which knowes no good of it selfe , neyther is able to speake well ) doubtlesse it requires the omnipotencie of God him selfe ; Domini est gubernare linguam . I doe not say , that he needeth to come in person , for the helping of an infamous tongue , but yet I say , that not without a great mysterie , sent hee an Archangell to pronounce the incarnation of the woord , and also to purifie the lippes of one of his cheefest Prophets , sent he a Seraphim . Claudio . What say you , a Seraphim ? Doe wee not read , that Erat Iesus eiiciens Daemonium , & illud erat mutum ? Iesus cast foorth a deuill , and he was dumbe ? And in Mathew also : Oblatus est ei Daemoniū habēs , caecus & mutus , & curauit eum , itae vt loqueretur & videret . Then was brought to him one possessed with a deuill , both blinde and dumbe , and he healed him , so that he which was blind and dumbe , both spake & saw . And of an other dumbe man , it is written : Obtulerant ei hominem mutum , daemonium habentem . Et eiecto daemonio , loquutus est mutus . They brought vnto him a dumbe man , possessed with a deuill . And when the deuill was cast out , the dumbe spake . And of another , both deafe and dumbe , Saint Marke writeth , that Christ washed with spettle the tongue of the dumbe , opened his mouth , and of his proper authoritie , and ( with his owne hands ) he healed him , in such manner , that , Solutum est linguae eius vinculum , & loquebatur rectè : And the string of his tongue was loosed , and he spake plaine . Is not this a matter of farre greater maruell , then the sending of a Seraphim ? Lodouico . If my memory doth not deceiue me , the same dumbe man , whereof Saint Luke speaketh in his eleuenth Chapter ; is the same which Saint Mathew recordeth in his twelfth Chapter , and the same also whereof Saint Marke makes mention in his seauenth Chapter . For , according to the sacred doctours opinion , especially Beda , and he who is termed the tongue of golde , it is all one , and the very selfe same man , which was blinde , deafe and dumbe . S. Luke onely tels vs , that hee was dumbe , and that Christ healed him , making no mention at all eyther of deafenesse or blindnes . But bee it howsoeuer , for so much as is to be sayd concerning the worke , God doth a greater miracle , in curing a man of an euill tongue , then by giuing health to any other bodilye infyrmytie . Therefore let the vngodlye talker bee ashamed , and the infamous tongue bee strycken dumbe : Erubescant impii , & deducantur in infernum , muta fiant labia dolosa : Let the wicked bee put to confusion , and to silence in the graue . Let the lying lips bee made dumbe . Claudio . Since it is such an infectious euill , and so hard of his owne nature to be cured , we may then as boldly say , that the punishment therof must needs be great , if the penaltie as iustly do answere the offence . Saint Paul writing to the Corinthians , saith : Necmaledici , nec rapaces , Regnum Dei possidebunt : No raylers , nor theeues shall inherite the kingdome of God. What difference make you ( my Lord ) betweene raylers & theeues ? Lodouico . Assuredly , if we shall but yeld to that , which a little before we haue set downe , much more doth a byting slaunderous tongue rob and steale , then a theefe can do by his vniust rapine . For the one steales a mans good fame , the other but his goods or garments , of much lesse value then a mans honor is , for preseruation wherof , diuers haue willingly lost their liues , but neuer any for their goods or garments , which do make no more thē a bare outward ceremony to life , neyther were euer affected or esteemed among the wise . Claudio . If those men that be theeues , shal not inioy the kingdome of heauen , and among the efes , the most deuouring and vilest man , is he that hath an infamous tongue : it must needs follow then by reason , that greater punishment shall the detractour , murmurer and defamer haue , then the poore needy theefe . And yet theeues may be cut off by the gallowes , but no iustice is awarded to the detractour : therfore the world swarmes more full of wicked tongues , then it doth of theeues . Lodouico . Who knowes ( my Lord ) if that God , forbidding the sacrifice of rauenous theeuing foules in the olde Testament , such as the Eagle , the hauke , the vulture , the kyte , and such like birds , which feede onely vpon rapyne , and are nourished with rawe flesh , as detractours and insolent defamers , do fatten them selues on men both aliue & dead , who knows ( I say ) in speaking of these rauenous birds , whether he aymed at these kinde of bad men or no ? because , Omnia in figura contingebant illis . Al these things came vnto them for examples . And as the foules were reputed vncleane , & not fit for the sacrifice : so all such theeuing men , are held vnworthy to inherite the kingdome of heauen , figured by the celestiall Ierusalem . Claudio . Your opinion , my Lord , differs not much from the purpose in that those men which by the Prophet Ezechiel are called detractours , according to our vulgare edition , agreeing with the seauenty interpreters , are also tearmed theeues . Viri detractores fuerunt in te , ad effundendū sanguinem & super montes comederunt in te , scelus operati sunt in medio tui . In thee are men that carrie tales to shed bloud , in thee are they that eate vpon the mountaines , in the midst of thee they commit abhomination , thus speakes our edition . But the Septuagint haue it : Viri latrones fuerunt in te , &c. And very worthyly are they called theeues , for worse are the theeues of our good fame and honest repute , then the stealers of our treasure , as very sufficiently hath already been sayd . Lodouico . Yet we haue to consider one thing more in the detractour , which is , that if he speake the trueth , we should make great reckoning thereof : but when he falsly defameth , no account at all is to be made of it , because at length the truth will vndoubtedly appeare . There are certaine rauenous birds , that haue no feathers for flight , or if they doe flye at all , they be able to holde out but a little while , as the Eastridge and such like . Others there be that fly very high , as the Eagle , the kyte , the Goshauke , &c. Euen so is it in the infamies of the detractour and murmurer , for those disgracefull reports , which are grounded vpon real defects , and vndoubted truth of the deed , are to bee feared , because they haue the wings of truth , and therefore doe not easily fall out of mens remembraunce , in regard those powerfull feathers do mightily support them . But those that are maliciously vttered , and vniustly are opposed agaynst apparant trueth : they can hardlye holde out flyght , nor flye any long while , wanting the wynges of truth , and therefore are not a iotte to bee respected . Such was the infamy bruited agaynst chaste Susanna , which because it was founded on falshood , it had no permanence , but ( with the heyght of honour ) she was thereof acquitted . Claudio . Christ our redeemer will deliuer vs from the feare of such detractours , as appeareth by the gracious promise made to the patient sufferers : Beati estis cùm maledixerint vobis homines : Blessed are ye when men reuile ye . And God exhorts vs by the Prophet Esay , not to feare the iniuryes of men , or the slaunders of the murdering tongue . Audite me qui scitis iustitiam , populus meus lex meae in corde , nolite timere opprobrium hominum , & blasphemias eorum non metuatis . Sicut enim vestimentum , sic comedet eos vermis : & sicut lanam , sic deuorabit eos tinea : salus autem mea in sempiternum erit . Harken vnto me , yee that know righteousnesse , the people in whose heart is my law . Feare ye not the reproach of men , neither bee yee affraide of their rebukes . For the moth shall eate them vp like a garment , & the wormes shall eate them like wooll : but my righteousnesse shal bee for euer , & my saluation from generation to generation . Oh perpetuall consolation to poore defamed men , the firmest hope that slaundered soules can haue . Therefore Saint Ierome in an Epistle of his , gaue great thankes to God , That hee had made him worthie to bee hated of the world , and falslie slaundered . Gratias ago Deo meo , quia dignus sum quem mundus oderit . Lodouico . Wee ought not onely , to make no account of talkatiue babblers , because they cannot hurt vs , and very gladly should we suffer them , in hope of the promised reward : but also to weigh them as nothing , in regard it often happeneth , that by the imposition of a slaunderous calumnie , the truth it selfe is brought to light . Which makes me to conceiue , why Dauid likened the detractours tongue to an arrowe : Filii hominum , dentes ●orum arma , & sagittae , & lingua eorum gladius acutus : The children of men , whose teeth are speares and arrowes , and their tongue a sharpe swoord . The arrow ( sayth Saint Ierome to a friend of his ) if it bee shot against an hard stone , it sometimes rebates the point , or breakes , or if it rebound backe , it woundeth the archer that sent it from his bowe . So , the arrowe of detraction , being let loose against a iust man , who is as the solide rocke of constancy : it returnes back vpon the vniust defamer , and offends his owne proper author , euen like vnto an other Perillus. And this is also veryfied by the saying of the holy ghost , from Salomon . Qui mittit in altum lapidem , recidet in caput eius , & plaga dolosa dolosi diuidet vulnera . Et qui foueam fodit , incidet in eam , & qui statuit lapidem proximo suo , offendet in eo . Et qui laqueum alii ponit , peribit in illo . Facienti ne quissimum consilium , supra ipsum deuoluetur , & non agnoscet vnde adueniet illi . Whoso casteth a stone on hye , casteth it vpon his owne head , and he that smiteth with guile , maketh a great wound . Whoso diggeth a pit , shall fall therein , and he that layeth a stone in his neighbours way , shall stumble theron . And he that layeth a snare for another shall be taken in it himselfe . He that worketh euill , shal be wrapped in euils , and shall not know from whence they come vnto him . Nay , yet there is a worse matter for these detractours , because it followeth : Laqueo peribunt , qui oblectantur casu iustorum , dolor autem consumet illos , antequam moriantur : They that reioyce at the fall of the righteous , shall be taken in the snare , and anguish shall consume them before they dye . Let these wicked tongues then bee mute , for lessening & abridging their owne harmes , before such iudgements fall vpon them , from the omnipotent hand of God So shall they bee sure to escape offending their neighbours , with the poysoned arrow of their tongues , and likewise be free from such dreadfull punishments . Claudio . It may be ( my Lord ) these biting tongues striue to imitate Camelles , who ( as Plinie reporteth in his naturall historie , the eyght booke and eighteene Chapter ) when they would drinke , beholding ( as in a perfect glasse ) in the cleare water before them , the brutish shape of their own huge bodies : by the me●re displeasing sight of so bad a spectacle , they stirre their feete , and trouble the water , that it may be voyde of such meanes to shew their owne vglinesse , and then with contented mynde they drinke . So these deuilish tongues , because in sanctitie of life , goodnesse of manners , and glorious fame of vertuous men , their owne detestable brutishnes plainly appeares , euen as in a christall glasse , shewing their hellish vices and abhomination of life ; therfore they stamp , make muddy , and scandalize others faire reports , to the end they may not see their owne loathsomnesse in them . But in seeking to sullie others splendour their own credit becomes clouded , & their owne soules are endangered , before they can impaire other mens reputatiō . Euē like him , that seekes to spoile a white wall with a coale , before the wall is any thing iniuried , his owne fingers are first of all defyled . Haue you neuer seene ( my Lord ) that such as haue serious affaires in the Court , either to visite some noble man , or to follow a suite of great importance , their attending seruantes of base degree , such as the horse-keeper or foote-boy , hauing waited some while for his master : at length , wearied with attending , and willing rather to be badly imployed , then so to stand idle , knowing nothing else then to doe , with an extinguisht torch , or a coale , he findes him selfe work vpon the white wall , drawing a thousand foolish gaudes , and diuers times sets downe dishonest lynes or sentences , or such noates as him selfe may well be ashamed of . The like also some times wee see in prisons , by men restrained of their libertie , seeking to shunne idlenesse , with such a bad and vndecent exercise . Not much vnlike to these men , are they of euill tongue , who hauing nothing else to say , nor knowing otherwise how to busie their braines : doe take the foule coale of infamy , and therewith deface the white wall of others good fame . But first of all , they deforme themselues with deadly iniquitie , before they can stir their tongues bad pensill , to set downe other mens imperfections . Linguis suis dolose agebant : iudica illos Deus . God keepe vs from such wicked tongues , and impose vpon them ( in his diuine goodnesse ) a perpetuall silence . Finis Chap. 14. The Argument . Discoursing of the double tongue , to wit , that of the hypocrite and false man , who hath one thing in his mouth , and another in his heart : Whereby he makes himselfe hatefull to God , to the very deuils , and also to men . Of an hypocrite , what thing it is , how hardly he is to be knowen of men , and of deuils : being compared to the Comedian ; the gallant dogge , that hath a smooth quick tongue ; and to the vapour exhaled by the Sunne vp into the ayre . The hypocrite hath his mouth in heauen , and his tongue on earth . And he is also compared to the swoord of Holofernes , of Saul , and of Goliah . &c. Chap. 15. LODOVICO . But what shall wee say of such double men , as haue one thing in their heart , and yet sound another with their to●gue ? Not much vnlike to the flattering tōgue , whereof we haue already said somwhat , and because they both are lyers , the continue not long , but euen till their deceipt is discouered . For , as the wise man sayth . Non ventiles te in omnem ventum , et non eas in omnem viam . Sic enim omnis peccator probatur in duplici lingua . Be not carryed about with euery winde , and goe not into euery way : for so doth the sinner that hath a double tongue . Claudio . Aristotle also confesseth the same , and giues the reason therof . Because ( saith he ) none can comment more on colours then the woman which is addicted to paint her self : yet it lasts but a little while , resembling a vaine flourish of life , which at last is discouered , by the wiles , cunning sleights , and fraudulent stratagems thereof . Nemo potest diù fictam ducere personam . But what is the conclusion ? the woolfe eates vp the sheepe , though hee come to him in a lambes cloathing , and the foxe will deuour the pullen , though in outward shewe he seemes not to care for them : euery one turneth to his owne naturall instinct , therefore Dissimilium infida societas . When we haue talked all that we can doe , yet at the last our own deedes will accuse vs. When our Sauiour raysed the Rulers daughter of the Synagogue , he tooke her by the hand ; Tenens manum puellae , and then sayd : Tabitha kumi ; Quod est interpretatum ; Puella ( tibi dico ) surge ; Which by interpretation is ; Maiden , I say vnto thee , arise . As if hee would allude thereby , that he would haue vs ready to doe good workes , signified onely by the hand . But the hypocrite puts out his gloue onely , which hath a false resemblance to the hand , and so the workes of hypocrits shall passe without any eternall reward . So the man is sure to be knowne by his works , as the tongue when it lyes , euen as the double man , that speaks one thing , & does another . Lodouico . But by your patience , my Lord , I take it not so easie a matter , to know an hypocrite or a double hearted man , as thus in slight words you seeme to passe it ouer . For , if man him selfe , no , nor the Angels , but onely God alone knowes the inward of the heart ; Deus autem intuetur cor , how can your speeches holde ? The hypocrite speaking holy words , and doing deeds correspondent to those words , may want onely the Christian perfection of a good intent . because vertue consisteth not in the verbe , but in the aduerbe , that is to say , not in lip-labour , praying , giuing almes , fasting , pardoning offences outwardly , punishing the body , ceremonious visitation of prysons , or the sicke , and such like , but in doing al the said deeds , truely , well , iustly and really to the glory of God. We not knowing the inside of the heart , nor the intention of the worke , but hearing onely godly speeches , and seeing deeds done according to such words , it appeares to me impossible ( which is more then difficult ) to know whether the tongue be double or pure . And to go on yet a little further , by more thē cōiecture . We know that the counterfeite mā not onely offendeth God , who sees the corruptiō of his vnclean hart , but also he becōes hateful to mē , in discouering of his deceit . Nay , he is odious to the deuils thēselues , so soone as they perceiue his dissēbling life : because , declaring a sāctified life in deeds & words , & not agreeing therwith in truenesse of intention , he is but reputed onely to be a man of a vertuous life , & so becomes he therby most displeasing to the infernall spirits . Tell me then , can there be seene in the world a more brutish mōster then the hipocrite ? hated of God , contemned of men , & offensiue to the very deuils ? Claudio . Your argument ( at the first sight ) seemes to be a matter vnanswerable : but whosoeuer considers the opinion of Aristotle , and ( with the eye of ehe minde ) contemplates the instabilitie of mans life ; which can not long time perseuer in one and the same condition : shall finde it not so intricate a case as you make it , to discouer the dissembling of an hipocrite . And your selfe , in confessing , ( that he is odious to men ) do differ not a iot from Aristotles iudgement , which is : That man cannot long time continue in a feyned life , but in the end his corrupt rottennesse will be made manifest . It euidentlie appeareth , that the hypocrite , in counterfeyting a religious kind of life , vntil he may reach to his own intent , the same being once obtained , he then returneth to his former ordinatie life againe . The Prince of the Tribunes to the most cruell king Antiochus , dissembling a peace in goodly protestation of words : caused the most bloudy massacre in Ierusalem , as made euery one ( in meere compassion ) that either heard or read of this cruell example , to shed fountaines of teares . So deales the double tongue and hipocriticall mā , such is the end of his purpose and ayme : with the feigned words of a friend , to carry an outward colour of kindnesse , euen the valiant knight Ioab slewe Abner in Hebron . The like by enuy did he to the Prince Amasa , with whom counterfeiting as a great friend , meeting him vpon the way in the open field , and friendly saluting him , saying : Salue mi frater , Art thou in health my brother ? Then taking him by the beard with the right hād , as if he meant to kisse him : drewe forth his swoord with the left hand , and ( before Amasa could be aware of him ) smote him therewith vnder the fift rib , so that all his bowels fel out vpon the ground , Qui percussit eum in latere , & effudit intestina eius in terram , & mortuus est , nec secundum vulnus apposuit . Lodouico . This doublenesse of tongue which now you speake off , it is most true , that it lasteth but for little time , because it is the effect of anger , which being once set on working , suddenly breaketh foorth to his effect , and then it can no long while endure : as your examples alreadie alleaged doe very well testifye , for it is the propertie of anger , to pursue ( so speedily as it can ) the hated conceipt . But in an hypocriticall man , who may neuerthelesse be without disdaine or fury , the rehearsed examples are not verified , because not all those , that keepe one thing in the breast , & deliuer another with the tongue , are to be called hypocrites . But they are truely and properly hypocrites , who feigne a Saint-like behauiour , and vtter honest words , yet in any vertuous action , are ( notwithstanding ) inwardly such diuels , as they are without piety and any religion at all . As were the Scribes and Pharisies , of whome our sauiour speaking , sayth : vae vobis hypocritae , bene propheta●it de vobis Isayas , dicēs , populus hic labijs me honorat , cor autem corum longè est à me . Woe to you hypocrites , Esay prophecied wel of you . This people draweth neer vnto me with their mouth , and honoreth me with the lips , but their hart is far off from me . And in a thousand other places we reade , that such are properly called hypocrites , which in a lying habite , haue seemed to be obseruers of the diuine lawe , but a good intention hath altogether bin wanting in them . In regard , that whatsoeuer they haue doone , hath not beene to the honour of God , but to be reckoned as Saintes in the eyes of men . Wherefore it is sayde , that receperunt mercedem suam , they haue their reward . And these hypocrites haue practised long time to perseuere in such a lying kind of life , because their hope and intent is , to go masked in sheepes cloathing , vntill the very houre of their death . Claudio . It merits some blame , my Lord , that you will reduce a name generall for feigners onely , to such as may seeme to dissemble well , and yet no way be really the same in trueth . Because an hypocrite ( if we shall giue credite to Budeus ) is euery dissembler , that representeth any other condition then he is indeede . Heereupon , stage players , and all kind of Comedians were tearmed hypocrites , and the action of Comedians called hypocrisie and dissimulation , because themselues were but Apes of mens actions , representing diuers other personages in liuely imitation . And this to be true , we reade it approoued by that greate greeke Father of eloquence , who beeing asked what was the first and cheefest parte of an Oratour , constantly answered , Hypocrisis , simulation , hypocrisie . Being asked againe , what was the second parte , returned the same answere Hypocrisis , and on the thirde demaunde , for the thirde parte of an Oratour , did alwayes make the selfe same answere . For to speake vprightly , the principall part of an Oratour , is hypocrisie , that is , imitation : to imitate the gesture , voyce , words and action of som person , that the subiect ( whereof the Orator speakes ) maketh relation vnto . So then , euery one that resembles another bodies person , is called an hypocrite , & it is not meant of him onely ( as you say ) that shews himself in appearance to be good , yet afterward prooues naught , whose dissembling ( happily ) is not so hard to be noted , as it is in the contrary body . Beside , Christ himself saith , A fructibus eorū cognoscetis eos . You shall know them by their fruits . It may be there are som , who are more perseuerāt in a dissembling course of life , then others can be , the better to compasse & gaine in their own greedy desires , & all is done with a golden tongue , which yet may prooue but copper too . But let the woolfe be cloathed or shaddowed in a sheeps skin , euen as cunningly as he can deuise to be , yet in the end , some part of his body must needs be discouered , & so he shal come to be generally known ; Either by his head , that is , the beginning of his peruerse actions : or by his feet , that is , his progression in his dissēbling works : or by his tayle , that is , the vttermost end of al he can do . Let it suffice then : Nemopotest diù fictam ducere personā , as likewise the Comical person , can not always of himself abide in place to fill the Scene . Lodouico . I did not deriue this name of hypocrite , from his amplenesse , or large scope in dissembling , but gaue it according to the vse of the world in these our dayes : which tearmes them to be hypocrites , that do faigne themselues outwardly , to be full of great holynesse , alwayes praying , and seeming euermore to be ( as it were ) euen tied or vnited to god himselfe , in their ceremonious kind of praying : but their harts in soundnesse & true effect , are very far off , both from his most sacred maiesty , & any good or vertuous action . Transfiguring themselues ( like their father ) into Angels of light , albeit inwardly they are such saints , as seeming to haue the lips of the Cherubines , that cease not continually to praise the Lord , do containe yet within them such diuels harts , as neuer make an end of blaspheming god . Of whom we may wel say that sentence of the royal Prophet Dauid . Et dilexerūt eum in ore suo , & lingua sua mentiti sunt ei . Cor autem eorum nō erat cum eo , nec fideles habiti sunt in testamento eius . They flattered him with their mouth , & dissembled with him with their tōgue . For their hart was not vpright with him , neither were they faithfull in his couenaunt . Now if you will haue it , that stage-players shall be sayd to be hypocrites , we may then with as much reason say , that such behauior as comes from those Comedians , doth best bewray the nature of hypocrisie . For many times may be easily seene , that one of bad or base cōdition , one of the very meanest among the people , taks on him the shape or Idea of a person royal , in very rich & costly habilimēts , with graue gesture , witty speeches , & kingly cariage , so that euery simple & vnwary eye , is pleasingly deceiued in him . Yet at the length , when his counterfeited garments are cast off , & he returned into his owne proper apparell ; then his true nature and quality is discerned . Euen so the hypocrite , making a protestation of holy speeches , such as may seem pleasing ( outwardly ) in the eye of heauen : afterward , when his lying & dissembled cloake is thrown off , then hel takes hold of him , and quite bereaues him of heauens happinesse . Claudio . O tongue , thou accursed deceiuer , twofold , or double , like to the best & most esteemed Greyhoundes or hunting dogs , whose tongue is so apt & pliable , as very easily it is euery way turned double . And who can tel , but that this might be the meaning of the prophet Dauid , whē he said : Lingua canum tuorū ex inimicis ab ipso ? The tongue of thy dogs in the bloud of the enemies ? These men are at one instant , both in heauen , & on earth : for their vnclean lips in praising of god , do appear to seek nothing but his diuine glory ; but in true effect , they go licking like the wandring Bee , among al the fraile flowrs of worldly glory , which ( in one moment ) vanish suddenly away . Wherupon , Iob that great Prince of the East said : Gaudium hypocritae ad instar pūcti : The ioy of hypocrites is but a momēt . Therfore said Dauid : posuerūt in coelum os suum , & lingua eorū trāsiuit in terra : They set their mouth against heauē , and their tongue walketh through the earth . To haue the tongue in or aloft toward heauen , is nothing else , but to talk ouer liberally of heauēly things : wheron grew the old Adage Noli ponere os in coelū , as much to say , as , with vncleane lips let no man talke of heauēly matters . And the tongues extention vpon earth , may ( happely ) be taken in this kind , by ouer great affection to the things of this world . And as the Bee couets hony , euen so do double tongu'd hypocrites , speak with their dissembling mouthes , of celestiall happinesse , but their desires stretch wholly to worldly glories . Lodouico . Let vs then say of these trewantly tongues , that they are like to earthy vapours , exhaled by the Sun vp into the ayre , shining by night as if they were bright stars : but falling downe to the ground . Simple children tell their parentes they sawe faire stars fall down to the earth . So is it with your dissembling hypocrits , feigning wonderfull sanctity with their tongues , which to the ignorant and simple , makes them to seeme like glorious stars of the firmament : wheras indeed , they are but meer flashes of the diuel their father . Of whom it is written . Quomodo cecidisti de coelo Lucifer , qui manè oriebaris ? How art thou fallen from heauen O Lucifer , Sonne of the morning ? Euen so may we say to these saint-like tongues , and diuels in hart , when , in the iudgement they shal fall like vapours , into the infernall depth : How happens this , poor wretches ? you that appeared like shining lampes in heauen , that thus like thin vapours you are miserably faln to the earth ? And what shall the wicked answer again ? Qui vertit linguam suam , incidet in malum . A naughty tongue shal fal into euil . Euen as if he wold say , they that speak doubly , as false hypocrites do , fall into euil , that is , into hell , or hell fire . Claudio . Wherfore should falling into euil , signifie falling into hell , or hel fire ? what , are there no other euils , but those of hell , and hell fire ? Lodouico . It is an vniuersall rule , not onely in Philosophy , but also in diuinity , that when we find any voyce simply , without any adiūct , it is takē for the principal signified by that same voyce , according to the very analogy : vox simpliciter prolata , debet accipi pro suo potiori significato . The wise man then saying , that the double tongu'd man shall fall into euill , adioyning no other words thereunto : teacheth vs to vnderstand & looke into the thing what it is , that is called the true euill indeede , because , whatsoeuer of it selfe is absolutelye euill , is vtterly repugnaunt to the truest good . There is nothing that hinders so much the fruition of the cheefest good , and stretcheth to the paine of punishment , as the damnable euill of hell doth , which is the castigation of the true euill committed in fact , & that is it , which truely depriueth vs of the truest good , euen of God himselfe . Incidet in malum , id est in infernum , qui vertit linguam suam . And of the Princes infernall we may say , that euen they also ( by their euill tongues ) fell into the bottomlesse deep ; according as Ose , prophecying of them before , said . Cadent in gladio principes eorum , à furore linguae suae . Their Princes fall by the sword , for the rage of their tongues . Claudio . Why then me thinkes the Prophet Dauid said wel , in speaking of this wicked tongue , and comparing it to a sword : Et lingua eorum gladius acutus . And , as oftentimes it happeneth , that a man ( by mischance ) hurts himselfe with his owne weapon : the like doe these men with their owne tongues , euen confound themselues , and become woorthy of eternall horror . So that we may say of them , as of Saul , who was murthered by his own proper weapon : and Dauid did cut off the head of Goliah , with his owne sword . The like dealt the chaste matrō Iudith with Holofernes , smit off his head with his owne weapon . Finis Cap. 15. The Argument . The hypocrite , because he hath holy words onely , without deeds , is compared to the glow-worme : to the statue which Nebuchadnezzer saw in his dreame , that had a head of gold only : he hath his left hand about God , and his right vnder his head . He hath more faces then one , disfiguring it to appear only , but not to be good indeed : he goes foorth of his owne confines ; he suffers himselfe to be guided in his actions , like vnto a brute beast : with his best vertue he buieth slēder rewards , and hangs his praise vpon other mens lips . He is like to the brood hen , that cals her young ones to eat , and almost starues her selfe to death : like to the theefe , that shooes a horse backward , to deceiue the pursuer ; with many other worthy comparisons against the double hypocriticall tongue . Chap. 16. LODOVICO . Now , what might I say , if mē were inwardly so good , as they are inwardly naught , deseruing eternall death , and onely by their false tongues ? May they not rightly be compared to the glow-worme ? a thing which is of no bignesse , and which in the summer time when it flyes in the darke , seemes as if it were ail fire in appearaunce to vs , and yet by daye it doth deliuer no light at all . So may we very well say of the hypocrit , that in the dark season of this present life ( when we can discerne no hidden things , but by faith onely , he then appeares to be kindled ( as it were ) with celestiall fire . But in the bright day of eternity , when euery thing shall be clearely discouered , then it will be euidently seen , how much he was depriued of charity , how empty of al heauēly loue , and how that all his goodly words , were vtterly voyde of true effects . Also , how much he spake only by speaking to appeare , and not indeed to be holy like to false imaginations , hauing no reall essence , & to no other end but only , that he might be esteemed , reuerenced & honored of men . Hence commeth it , that it was said of such men , Receperūt mercedem suā ; They haue their reward , not that which god in his goodnes wold haue bestowē on thē : but rather that vanity is enough for them , & therfore vanity is their reward , themselues being indeed nothing else , but a little vain-glory . Claudio . Miserable men , they might as easily haue laboured for the true reward , the certain assurance of eternall glory : but like giddy headed fools , forsaking a certainty , they stroue for a little smoake of worldly honor , which quickly was caried away with the winde . But the holy & deuout soule , the spouse of Iesus Christ , she is of another mind of whom it is written . That she hath the left hand of her spouse vnder her head , & his right hand doth sweetly embrace her . Laeua eius sub capite meo , & dextera illius amplexabitur me . His left hād is vnder mine head , and his right hand doth imbrace me . The right hand of God , is the glory of Paradise , wherupon the euerliuing father sayd to the Son : Dixit Dominus Domino meo , sede à dextris meis : The Lord said vnto my lord : Sit thou at my righthand . And it is called the right hand , because it is free frō al sinister things whatsoeuer . The left hand is the glory of this fraile life , and the honors which this present world doth affoord . The holy spouse puts her husbands left hand vnder her head , as one vtterly carelesse of this worlds vaine honors ; desiring only to be imbraced with his right hand , that is , to be circled & engirt with his neuer fayling glory . Cum gloria suscepistime ; Thou hast receiued me to glory . Gloria mea , & exaltans caput meum : My glory , and the lifter vp of my head . The hypocrite , with the glory which he giues to god , and with the holy words which he vtters to other , like one bereft of his wits , seeks only after the left hand of worldly preferments , making no account at all of the celestial glories : but thinkes he ought to do euery thing cōtrary , that is , to lay the left hād of worldly honors vnder his head , as if he were sleeping vpon the pillow of promotion , there is nothing else in him to be respected . As for the right hand , wherof the heauenly spouse makes her vse , to wit , a longing hart , filled full of earnest & enflamed desires , holily to aspire , to be circled about with his eternal loue , & round embraced in the armes of his brightnesse , in him there is not so much as one thought admitted thereof . Lodouico . Whosoeuer doth aduisedly note the hypocrite , being adorued with the name of a Christian , full of such sincere and holy wordes : shall apparantly perceiue , that he is not much vnlike the mysterious image , which Nabuchadnezzer king of the Assyrians sawe in his dreame . His head was of the finest gold , the breast and armes of siluer , the belly and thighs of brasse , the legs of yron , and the feete , partly of yron , partly of earth : But from a high moūtaine there came a little stone , & smiting the earthy part of the statue , broke this immesurable Colossus , and bruisd it into the smallest dust . The hypocrite hath his head of gold , because he seems to glory in the name of a Christian , & his works also are christian-like , so much as by outward appearance cā be discerned . And they that heare him to vtter forth such sanctified speeches , do meerly iudge him to be a saint of Paradise ; so much for his golden head . But the trunk or body is not answerable to the head , because the breast & armes are of siluer . His inward thoughts , are signified by the breast , & his outward worksare distinguished by the armes , being altogether , tyed to worldly reward , & infinite in auaritious scraping together , therfore are they thus denoted by siluer . His belly is of brasse , a mettal ful of noise & sounding , which signifies , that whatsoeuer he doth , is but to get him a name in the world , and only to compasse a fame of holinesse . His legges are of yron , for the hypocrite walketh many countries , leaues no wayes whatsoeuer vnessayed , to purchase eyther spirituall or temporall authority , to the end he may rule and swaye ouer others , with the yron rodde of tyrannicall gouernement . Reges eos in virga ferrea , & tanquam vas figuli confringes eos . Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron , and breake them in pieces like a potters vessell : this signifieth the yron , which tames all other mettals whatsoeuer . Hee hath his feete of earth , for the hypocrites affections are all carnall , and therefore thus signified to be earthie . The hypocrites works are so interessed with vanity , that whatsoeuer he doth , it is onely to gaine mony , or else to purchase fame of the world , or for some temporary authority : neuer hauing the glory of God before his eyes , which ought to be cheefest preferd in all our actions . Non nobis Domine , non nobis , sed nomini tuo da gloriam . Not vnto vs O Lord , not vnto vs , but vnto thy name giue the glorie . Woorthily therefore doth Christ ( the corner stone ) descend , brusing all into small dust , and dissoluing all his vaine thoughts into nothing . Tunc contrita sunt pariter ferrum , testa , aes , argentum & aurum , & redacta quasi in fauillam aestiuae areae , quae rapta sunt vento : nullusque locus inuentus est eis , &c. Then was the yron , the clay , the brasse , the siluer and the gold broken all together , and became like the chaffe of tbe summer flowers , and the wind caried them away , that no place was found for them . And the stone that smote the image , became a great mountaine , and filled the whole earth . Claudio . Deseruedly doe hypocrite ; want a right intention , and hauing a vaine respect in all their actions , our Sauiour spake very well of them , when he sayd . Nolite fieri sicut hypocritae tristes , exterminant enim facies suas , vt appareant hominibus i●●unantes . When ye fast , looke not sowre as the hypocrites do : for they disfigure their faces that they might seeme vnto men to fast . Speaking of hypocrites hee sayth , that they looke sowre , and disfigure their faces . But when he speakes of the true christian , who doeth all things to the honour of God , he vseth then the singular nūber , saying . Tu autem cum ieiunas , &c. Et faciem tuam laua . But when thou fastest , &c. And wash thy face . Hereupon was it , that in speaking of the hypocrites face , he vseth the number of moe then one : Exterminant facies suas . But in speaking of the iust man , he vseth the singular number onely : because the end of the iust man is b●● one , that is , the glory of God onely , but many are the vayne ends of hypocrites ; Exterminant facies . For the hypocrit hath now the face of one that is earnest in prayer , then by & by of an almes-giuer : anone of an apostolical preacher , & afterward , of a deuout faster , but he hath none of all these faces truly and in deed . His owne proper face , beeing a very diuelish face , is fearefull to behold , and euery one flyes from it , euen the diuell himselfe . But the iust man hath one face onely , and that is most Angell-like , as we may read of S. Stephen the glorious martyr : intuebātur faciem eius , tanquam faciem Angeli : They saw his face , as it had bin the face of an Angell . The hypocrite hath many faces , not onely because he is the Ape of many persons , as in a Comedy we may see , that one man playes the parts of many : but also in this regard , that he directs his workes to many ends , namely , to temporal profit , to worldly honor , to please men , and a thousand other vnwoorthy deseignes : which the iust man neuer doth , but addicteth all his actions to the glory of God onely . And this word Exterminant , is not quite voyde of mystery ; Exterminare hath no other signification , but to issue foorth , to step beyond or out of our bounds & limits . Now the hypocrites confynes are , where with holy words he may cloke a diuelish hart , & therein is he sayd to go beyond his true confines . Lodouico . What are those limits or confines , which hypocrites do vse to outgoe or passe ? Claudio . The confines or boundes of the vniuersall world , are onely two , heauen , and earth . Hypocrites by their counterfeite kind of life , are extermined and banished both from heauen , and earth , from God , and from men , and so they loose both the one and other reward . That of heauen , because Receperūt mercedem suam ; They haue their reward . And that on earth , because in a moment it vanished and left them ; Spes hypocritae peribit ; The hope of hypocrites shall perish . Hatefull they are to God and men ; Exterminant facies suas , More especially , because they neuer shew a true countenāce : for it followeth , vt appareant , that they might seem vnto men , but he sayth not , vt sint ; because whatsoeuer they do , they do it but to appeare onely , and not to be truly the same indeed . Lodouico . What a misshapen monster is this ? But tel me ( my Lord ) I pray you , vpon what occasion was it said ; Nolite fieri , and not much rather ; Nolite facere ? In mine opinion , it had bin better sayd , I would not haue ye do , as hypocrites do , then saying , I wold not haue you be made like to hypocrites . Claudio . Do you not know ( my Lord ) that this difference is betweene men , and brute beastes in their actions : that the one doth freely whatsoeuer he will : but the other , beastes I meane , are led meerely by nature , and a determinate fantasie to their attemptes , or otherwise they are not able to do any thing ? The saying then of Christ concerning hypocrites ; Nolite fieri , implyes thus much , not to be led ( after the manner of beasts ) to their actions , by blind sense , and not by reason . Heerein their folly manifestly is discerned , seeing that by such workes , wherewith they made a shew of winning heauen , euen as if they had bin the iustest men in the world : they haue therby purchased their owne damnation , neuer to looke vpon the bright face of heauen . And Petrus Chrisologus sayth , The hypocrite with the sharpe lance of vertue , murthereth vertue it selfe : kils fasting with fasting , empties prayer by praying , and by mercie , dries vp the flowing fountaine of mercy . Hypocrisie is all one with the Feuer , procuring a fiery burning by cold drinking : or as the dropsie is in the body , euen so is hypocrisie to the soule . The dropsie encreaseth thirst by drinking , and the ouerdrunk hypocrite , dyeth with thirst , gaping hourly for more & more ; but euer with an extraordinary greedinesse , after idle shaddowes of fleeting vaineglory . Lodouico . He committes an intollerable follie , that by vertue seekes to purchase the fauours of men , because ( for a vile matter ) he partes with an importaunt iewell : and that which might haue made him fitte for heauen , he barters away for fruitlesse breath , the copper coyne of mens vaine praise , and sinkes therewith deseruedly to hell ; So sayeth Saint Gregory in the eighth of his Morralles . Claudio . It is so vndoubtedly , and thereupon sayd the goulden tongu'd diuine , That the delectation of humane praise , lasteth no longer then it is heard , and the relish therof dyeth with the very tast . For when the word is spoken , the worth is ended , a folly so great , as there cānot be imagined a greater . He that is desirous of eternall commendation , must not seeke that which comes from men , but from the searcher and examiner of all harts : Tunc erit laus vnicuique à Deo : Then shall euery man haue praise of God. There is no security ( saith a learned Father ) in committing ones glory to the tongues of men , which are like chests without either lock or key . For when it is referred to another mans liberty it is no longer in thine own power , but in the others , either to cōmend , or to condemn thee . Lodouico . How perillous it is , and without any security at all , to commit our own praise into an others power , is very easie to be discerned . Therefore hypocrisie , in his earnest affection to popular applause , is compared to the weeuel , from whom we cannot so closely keep the corne , but he steales into it so soone as it is threshed : and to the end it may not be sowed , to spring againe to a further encrease , he filcheth away the sbstance , leauing nothing but a dissēbled empty huske . Euen such is hypocrisie ( saith Iohn Climachus ) which stealeth away all our honest deseruings , so that no other reward is to be expected , but this bare breath of vaine glory : Receperunt mercedem suā , a price so vile , as worse is not to be thought on . A foole may that merchant well be called , which brings most pretious wares into so poore a city , as yeelds no man able to buy the very meanest of them . Such merchants , are hypocrites , who sell theyr workes by a signall formality , of praying , exhortation , teaching , fasting , and open giuing of almes in this world , where there is no man , that can giue them the condigne value to such good deeds doon in sincerity , and therefore they sell them but for a little vaine commendation . You shall sometimes see a Preacher preache for many years together , to the amazement of all his hearers , euen as if at his lippes there hung no meane perfection , but rather such power and efficacy in his speeches , as many stubborne minds haue bin won by him to god , euery one admyring and honouring him , euen as if he were another Paul. Neuerthelesse , among so many by him conuerted , himselfe remaineth peruerted , by executing this his Apostolicall office , onely for the applause of poore mens breath , & for his own aduancement to honor in the world . Wheron it followeth , that by helping others to heauen , he goes himselfe to hell , causing others to be repentant , yet himself hath continued impenitent in his sins , thirsting after a little praise and vainglory of men , & loosing therby the grace and true glory of heauen . Agreeable with the brood Hens quality , calling the other chickēs to meat , but famisheth her self . Or they are like the horse , that brings bottles of wine home to the house , and drinketh nothing but water himselfe . Caesar and Alexander cheered on their souldiers ▪ and boldly encouraged them to the battaile , but yet were themselues the formost in fight . In like manner , with greatest heart and spirit did the Princes , Moyses , Iosuah and Gedeon lead on Gods armies , and the Priests ledde on the Ark of the Testament , when others stood and noted their woorthy example . But these hollow harted hypocrites , send out others before them , and tarry at home themselues immooueable , because after the manner of the Pharisies , Dicunt & non faciunt , they talke onely , but do nothing , except it bee by contraries . Whereas , God hauing giuen vs one tongue , and two hands ; he implyeth thereby , that we should worke much , but talke little . The Nurse first takes the food into her owne mouth , and hauing prepared as it ought to be , then she nourisheth her child therwith . But the hypocrite , without once tasting himselfe the foode of any good actiōs , feeds the people with faire words : preaching fasting , but himself with a ful belly , exalting vertue in others , being most vitious himselfe , and condemning others couetousnesse , when his owne hart is most greedy and insatiable . But what sayth S. Paul concerning these people ? Qui alium doces , te ipsum non doces ? Qui praedicas non furandum , furaris ? Thou which teachest another , teachest thou not thy selfe ? Thou that preachest a man should not steale , dost thou steale ? Heereto may we adde this sentence of the Prophet . Cum ipsi limpidissimam aquam biberitis , reliquam pedibus vestris turbatis ? Et oues meae his quae conculcata pedibus vestris fuerant , pascebantur , & quae pedes vestri turbauerant , haec bibebant . Haue you drunk of the deep waters , & must you trouble the residue with your feet ? And my sheep eat that , which ye haue troden with your feet , and drink that which you haue troubled with your feete . Claudio . I remember , and very well fitting to our purpose , a notable mysticall note , and this it is . Among all the ornaments appointed for the Priesthoode , the cheefe and most esteemed was that tearmed rationall : whereuppon was written this mysterious word ; Lemma , which beeing interpreted , signifieth doctrine and trueth . As alluding thereby , that the principall thing in a Priest , ought to bee diuine doctrine , coupled with the trueth of deedes ; because , Turpe est Doctori , cùm culpa redarguit ipsum . They are like to so many Tantalusses , that are in the midst of water , and yet dye with thirst . And in them is that sentence of old Isaack verified , vox quidem , vox Iacob , manus autem manus sunt Esau : The voyce is Iacobs voyce , but the hands are the hands of Esau . For in voyce and doctrine onely , they seeme to haue the tongue of our Sauiour , who ( according to his humanity ) was of Iacobs house or stock ; Et regnabit in domo Iacob in aeternum . And he shall reigne ouer the house of Iacob for euer . But their handes , that is , theyr workes , they are of Esau , in whom the wicked and reprobate are figured . They seeme as if they soared vp to heauen , but sinke down ( indeed ) to hell . Not much vnlike vnto those theeues , who hauing stoln some great booty in the city , do cause their horses to be shod backward , so when the pursuers do imagine them to be still within the city , they are fled far enough off from it . Euen so is it with hypocrites , they haue their horse-like bodies soaled or shod backward , they pray , reprooue , admonish , preache and do such things , as in our eyes are reputed to be holy : but all is doone the contrary way , because they gape after humane glory and ostentation , without any care of the diuine honor at all . Therefore , when sometimes we think in our selues that they are in the celestiall Ierusalem , they are in hellish Babylon it selfe . Might not this tongue as easily haue laboured the way of saluation , as thus ( by abusing it selfe ) work his owne damnation ? Peccator cognoscitur in duplici lingua , The sinner is known by his double tongue ; as when one thing is sounded by the mouth , and taught in doctrine , and a quite contrary matter is in the deed . A double tongue is this , one of the mouth , another of fact : with the one we make shewe of mounting vp to heauen , and with the other fall wilfully downe into hell . Finis Cap. 16. The Argument . The tongue of the hypocrite , when it teacheth or enstructeth , is like many branches , seuerally grafted vpon one stock : or , as when vpon thornes there hangeth grapes : or like the foolish virgines , that had euery thing answerable to the wise , but yet staied without ; wheron , a notable doubt is resolued . It is also compared to the Estridge , whose wings do resemble the Haukes in colour , but yet are not able to beare her body aloft : Or like to the vayne woman , who because she would seeme faire , paints her selfe . How much it bebooues vs to be ready , in subduing the appetite of vaine-glory , which is discouered most , in striuing to speake fine and curiously . Chap. 17. LODOVICO . If the works of hypocrites are contrary to the doctrin which they teache , or if not contrary , yet at the least strange and diuers : then it may be well sayde of them , as it is of those engraffed plāts or stocks , whereon not onely we behold fruits of the same kind to grow , but oftentimes ) and to be maruaild at ) among the leaues of the Medler , to grow the Seruise , & vpon one selfe same tree , the Pomegranate & the ordinary Apple to branche foorth , & where the white grape blancheth , the red to shew it selfe substantially , as in like manner the red with the white . Euen so in hypocrites are theyr owne proper fruites discerned , which be naught & wicked : A fructibus eorum cognoscetis eos : By their fruits ye shall know them . And they haue an ingraffing too , which is by the voyce and doctrine of Christ , wherefore it is sayd of them : Omnia quaecunque dixerint vobis , seruate , & facite : secundum opera verò eorum , nolite facere : All therefore whatsoeuer they bid you obserue , that obserue and do : but after their works do not : these men are meere mercenaries , because they doe all for worldly reward . The mercenary or hyreling , although he layes not downe his life for his flock , yet notwithdanding , he feedes them ( for so it is needefull ) by doctrine : but this auoydes not his sinfull guilt , in regard he seeks after reward and temporal glory ; Sua quaerentes , non quae Iesu Christi ▪ They seeke not those things that are aboue with Iesus Christ . They seeke their owne priuate commodity in the Church of God , neuerthelesse , they preache Christ , after the manner of the Pharisies , who for their owne benefit preached the law of Moses , but yet they obserued it not : Dicunt enim , & non faciunt : For they saye , and doe not . And againe , Alligant autem onera grauia & importabilia , & imponunt in humeros hominum : digito autem suo nolunt ea mouere . They bind heauy burthens , and grieuous to be borne , and lay them on mens shoulders , but they themselues wil not mooue them with one of their fingers . Claudio . How can this be ? If Christ say that the sheep heares them not ? Non audierunt eos oues : quia non nouerunt vocem alienorum . The sheep did not hear them , for they knew not the voyce of strangers . If they doe not heare them , it may perhappes be by this reason , because their voyce soundes not as the true voyce of a sheepheard . Lodouico . This question is answered , and it is the answere of Saint Augustine . That the sheep do not heare them , neither can they heare such mercenary hypocrites of themselues ; but they heare in them the voyce of Christ . Because there are two things in these hyreling hypocrites , as a little before we haue declared . One is their works , and this proude voyce of Pharisaicall and hypocriticall workes , the sheepe of Christ is deaffe to , and heares not . Alienum autem non sequuntur , quia non nouerūt vocem alienorum : therfore it is said ; Secundum autem opera eorum facere nolite . The second is the voyce of Christ , which voyce only is heard of the flock : Omnia quaecunque dixerint vobis seruate , & facite . This is the true ingraffing , and god ( this while ) by them is preached , but when they speake as of themselues , then are they not hearde , nor listened to by the flock . Claudio . But by your Lordshippes good fauour , heere I will vse the words of Christ himselfe : Nunquid colligunt de spinis vuas , aut de tribulis ficus ? Doe men gather grapes of thornes , or figges of thistles ? How is it possible to gather grapes from the thornes ? Lodouico . Yet my Lorde it is so . Haue you neuer seene the grape to hang vpon a thorne ? And yet though the thorne seeme to beare the grape : the grape hath one roote , and the thorne another . The Lambes doe take that which comes from the roote of the vine , beeing the sacred Doctrine of Christ himselfe , and they leaue that which proceedes from the roote of the thorne , whereon the grape but appeareth to hang , which is nothing else but the meere ostent of a mercenarie hypocrite . The mercenary hypocrite who goes about merchandizing for worldly glory , hauing and deliuering the true grape of holy doctrin , you may not refuse to take it , because it is the voyce of Christ in a sheepheard . But when you come to his owne works and actions , reiect them vtterly , because they are pricking thorns , proceeding from their own proper root , and therfore cannot chuse but pearce & prick . And as of thornes the grape thus may be gathered , so from hireling hypocrites , the very voyce of Christ may be heard , & so is it said ; Colligitur de spinis vua . But what say I ; that the thornes are their wicked works ? why their works in themselues oftentimes ( to the outward appearance of man ) are very good , and yet because the intention is not good in it selfe , the worke sorteth not to his due end , nor is according as humane iudgement prognosticated . This is clearely to be discerned , in the apt similitude giuen by Christ of the tenne virgins , fiue wise , and fiue foolish , well woorthie to bee especiallie noated . The virgins were ten in number , appointed to entertaine and honour the Bridegroome , all are chaste , all haue lampes in their handes , and euery one hath her lampe readie lighted . All goe by night to meete the bridegroome , all slumber , all sleepe , and all are called to this solemne wedding ; yet fiue are tearmed foolish , and fiue are called wise . Fiue had admittaunce into the pallace of the wedding , and to fiue the gate is shutte against their faces . Fiue doe reioyce in the eternall spousall , and fiue doe suffer eternall paines , for not hauing respect to the prepared nuptiall , the solemne wedding day , the bridall reioycing : who is not filled with admiration , and who dooth not wonder at this raritie ? Heere is no speech at all vsed of the couetous , the adulterer , the murderer , the blasphemer , the wrathfull , the belly-God , or luxurious liuer , for then all maruaile might iustly cease , because such persons are not worthy to bee bidden to this eternall wedding . But virgins are onely spoken of , elected for the meeting of the celestiall bridegroome , and therefore it is not otherwise to bee credited , but that they were all furnished of garments meete and beseeming so solemne a feast , and adorned with the rich habylimentes of precious vertues , as also with workes full of sanctitie . All which notwithstanding , fiue are reputed to bee foolish , and fiue wise , fiue thought worthy to enter the pallace of the bridegroome , and fiue condemned to eternall horror . It is a matter of no meane admiration , that in one and the selfe same Citie , there shall be found many religious persons , all Christians , and obseruers of the diuine precepts . All fast , and chastise their rebellious senses , all pray , all exhorte to liue as becommeth Christians , to flye vice , and imbrace vertue . And yet ( for all this ) but some of them are to bee saued , and others condemned ; what may be the reason of this so strange a case ? If while some prayed , others played ; If while some sang Psalmes and the diuine prayses , others carolled prophane and idle songs ; If while some stroue to tame their inordinate affections , by fasting and deuout meditating , others did nothing else but cram their paunches ; If while some gaue almes , others practised how to rob the poore of them : Heere it were no wonder , that to the one sort , the gate of heauen should be opened , and deseruedly shut against the other , that the one might worthily be called wise , and the other iustly reputed as fooles . But being all virgins hauing all their lampes ready lighted , wherby may be gathered , that they all laboured to doe good works . Yet some of them to be saued , and some condemned ; vndoubtedly , my Lord , this is a matter full of maruaile , able to strike a man into no meane astonishment , and therefore well worthy of great and deep consideration . Claudio . Whence comes ( my good Lord ) this difference of eythers end ? Lodouico . It comes ( as I take it ) by the variable intention of the workers . This is that testimonie of our conscience , which makes our actions to be glorious , whereof S. Paul speaking , sayth : Gloria vestra haec est , testimonium conscientia vestrae : your glory and reioycing is this , the testimony of your conscience . Claudio . What is that testimonie of our conscience ? Lodouico . It is that , whereof Saint Paul , speaking to the Corinthians , sayth : Quòd in simplicitate cordis , & in sinceritate Dei , & non in sapientia carnal● , sed in gratia Dei conuersati sumus in hoc mundo . That in simplicity and godly purenesse of heart , and not in fleshly wisedome : but by the grace of God , we haue had our conuersation in the world . It is not enough then to haue holy words in the mouth , and vertuous actions in the hands , but he that requires a pure & sincere hart , would haue all directed to his diuine honor , and not for the atchieuemēt of worldly glory , as the fayning tongue of vaine hypocrites daily doth . By this you may perceiue , how true that is , which a great Pastour of the holy Church sayd , in one of his Homilyes made on the 21. Chaper of Saint Mathewe , where hee affirmeth ; That a vaine commendation , and a friuolous appetite , to be admired for holinesse , makes vtter losse of the fruites of good workes . Therefore hee vsed often to speake in this manner . Saepè vos fratres charissimi admonui , praua opera fugere , & mundi huius inquinamenta deuitare ; sed hodierna die , ( O great word ) Sancti Euangelii lectione compellor dicere , vt & bona opera quae agitis , magna cautela timeatis , ne per hoc quod à vobis rectè geritur , aut gratia humana requiratur , ne appetitus laudis subrepat , & quod foris oftenditur , intus à mercede vacuetur , &c. As perchaunce it happened vnto the foolish virgins , who hauing ( in their actions ) sought more after humane glory , then that which belonged to the diuinitie , they were therefore depriued of the celestiall banquet . The like may also bee sayd of the double tongue , which labours onely for humane applause , and into which sinne diuers preachers often times doe fall , only by the craft and deceipt of the deuill . Claudio . Why then , of such men is truely verified , that notable saying , which we read in Iob : Penna struthionis similis est pennis ●aerodii , & accipetris . Hast thou giuen the pleasant wings vnto the Peacockes , or wings and feathers vnto the Ostriche ? Yea , it is true , but the one flyeth aloft , and the other cannot raise it selfe from the earth . Euen so it is with hypocrites , who are like to Saints in their outward behauiour : but in their deedes , when others doe soare vp to heauen like Eagles , they cleaue to the earth , as onely affecting earthly prayses . Lodouico . The soldiours of Gedeon , when they went to warre agaynst the Moabites , euery man held in his left hād a little pitcher , and a lighted lampe within the sayd pitcher . So when they were to giue the assault about the midst of night , they brake their pitchers , and the lighted lampes might then bee discerned , when sounding the dreadfull trumpets , they cryed out with a loude voice , Gladius Domini , & Gedeonis ; The swoord of the Lord , and of Gedeon . No man named his owne proper weapon , but exalted onely the swoord of God and of Gedeon , and yet each one carryed his owne peculiar armes . In like manner , not to bee depriued of the honourable palme of victorie , ought we to demeane our selues , when we breake the earthen vessels of our hearts , with true contrition and vnfeined repentaunce ; that then in our hands the light of holy and religious workes might shine and appeare , when we take the trumpet of zealous preaching in our mouthes , wee ought to reprooue others by brotherlike affection And when against the world , the fleshe and the deuill wee enter combate , no other voyce ought to be heard among vs , but Gladius Domini ; attributing al to the Godheads glorie . Non nobis Domine , non nobis , sed nomini tuo da gloriam . Not vnto vs O Lord , not vnto vs , but vnto thy name giue the glory . Moreouer , when in labouring for this conquest of celestial glory , wee shall here seeme to be faynt and ouer-wearied ; we ought to striue to holde out so much as we may , not in regard of the glorie , but in respect of the farre greater occasion , that thereby wee haue to loue , prayse , and glorifie God. So in like case , we ought to shunne and fly from hell , not so much for feare of incurring the paines therto belonging , as in more especiall regarde that God is not there honored and loued , but hated and continually blasphemed . Hereupon grew that feruent speeche of Anselme , in the booke he made of blessednes chap. 190. Mallem purus a peccato , et innocens gehēnam intrare , quàm peccati sorde pollutus coelorum regna tenere . I had rather being innocent and cleare from sinne , enter into hell : then to holde place in heauen , polluted with sinne . A sentence beseeming a zealous inflamed spirit , deuoted onely to the glory of God : which is able to suppresse the spirit of vaine-glory in any christians brest . For that onely depriues him of so rich a benefit , as ensues by the due praises giuen to the Almightie . Claudio . Deseruedly doth the feygning tongue loose the fruite of eternitie , which for the silly price of humane praise , exhortes , reprooues , admonisheth and teacheth ; And as sayth diuine Dionisius , 14. De diuinis nominibus . One defect suffiseth , to make that a matter cannot be good in it selfe , and one blemish is enough , to make a thing vnsightly ; therefore saith he : Bonum consurgit ex integra causa , malum autem non . He is sayd to be a worthy knight , that is a good house keeper , an almes giuer , a visiter of the sicke , louing , frequenting the Church , and doing diuers other vertuous actions : but if he be a loyterer in other matters of life , that very staine onely serueth to confound all the rest . Euen so , the hypocrit vseth many prayers , exhorteth to doe well , to performe many godly actions : and commendable examples : but he wants the good end in him selfe , and the perfect intention . Omniae faciunt vt videantur ab hominibus . This onely suffiseth to checke all his other actions , and make them to be helde bad , because this aymed end of the worke is not good ; And that is it onely which giueth the name to the worke , according as S. Ambrose saith : Intentio tua , operi tuo , nomen imponit . Thy irtent doth giue the name to thy worke . Lodouico . It is a great fault in that vaine woman , that delights to spend the whole morning , in painting & colouring her selfe , Ieweling her haire , aduauncing her periwig , curling and plaiting her lockes , adorning her coronet with variety of flowers , loading her body with precious garments , chayning her necke and brest with circlets of goulde and pearle , putting on costly bracelets , vnualuable rings on her dayntie fingers , and with variable perfumes and rich vnguents of Arabia , to fill the ayre with precious odours as she passeth along : And yet all this labour is bestowen , onely to seeme beautifull , and to please another beside her husband : then which , she can offer him no greater indignitie . Our soule is the spouse of Iesus Christ , by the ordained meanes of holy baptisme , where the ring of fayth is freely deliuered vnto her ; Sponsabo te mihi in fide ; I will euen marry thee vnto me in faithfulnesse . Oh in what hatred may the celestiall husband take it , when she with so many smooth ( but lying ) speeches , for all his holy exhortations , good instructions , and celestiall preachings , by her rashe and ouer-ready tongue , returnes him none but false answeres , euen like vnto a giddy idle headed damosell , desirous onely to bee pleasing to other men , and no care at all appeares in her , of delighting in her true and heauenly bride-groome . Omnia opera sua faciunt vt videantur ab hominibus : All their workes they doe for to be seene of men . Such temptations we ought to resist with great violence , and doe as the Israelits did , in reedifying the Temple of Ierusalem , who for feare of the Samaritans , which had round besieged them , did performe the building worke with one hand , and held a sword in the other , to offend the enemy withall . Vna manu sua faciebat opus , & altera tenebat gladium . Aedificantium enim vnusquisque gladio erat accinctus renes . And they that builded , did the worke with one hand , and with the other helde a sword . For euery one of the builders had his sword girded on his loynes . The like is required in vs , with one hand wee ought to doe good workes ; and with the other to beate away the temptations of vaine-glorie , which the subtill deuill doth most of all vse , especially when he sees , that Preachers doe striue to appeare gracious , and pleasing to their hearers . Finis Chap. 17. The Argument . Wherein those are reprooued , that are good onely of their tongue , but wicked in their deedes . Resembling the poore man , who would faine take a rich wife , but ( in regard of his pouertie ) none in his owne country will accept of him : Wherefore , cloathing him selfe in strange garments , hee trauailes to speede where he is not knowen . Such men are compared to builders , that lay vnwrought stones in the foundation , but aloft to the eye , they place curious stones of richer labour . They are also like to Pyrates on the Seas , with lying banners : like to the Sichemites : like to Ioseps cloake : like to the wife of Putiphar : and like to the aprons of figge leaues , which Adam and Eue made for themselues . They are like to Ahaz the king : like to the Dolphine : like to the Physitian , that cures others , yet helpes not himselfe . They are like the white wall shewen to Ezekiel : they are good for others , and hurtfull to them selues : Here is some speeche vsed , of the great paines threatened to such , as also of the reprehension , which God in his iudgement will giue them : A subiect , by how much the more curious , by so much it is the more true and profitable . Chap. 18. CLAVDIO . But what shall we say of them , who onely haue a good tongue , and vtter foorth many holy speeches : yet in their actions are most vile , and whatsoeuer they performe , is done but as an outward signe or ceremonie . Lodouico . Such people may bee iustly compared to a certaine poore man , who being desirous to ioyne him selfe in a wealthy mariage , because he was knowne in his owne country , to be little better then a begger , and in regard of his exceeding pouertie , no woman would easily be drawne to accept him as her husband : makes meanes to get garments of richer estimation , forsakes his natiue soyle , and goes farre off , to finde a wife where he is not knowne : And being by his habilyments imagined Noble , Gentle , or otherwise , of large reuenues and possessions , compasseth a liberall dowrie . But when the beguiled woman comes home to his dwelling , and perceiues he is most poore , and ready to starue thorow meere want ; imagine then her alteration . Such kinde of men are the worlds hypocrites , who because in thē selues , and of their owne knowledge , they are most wretched and vile , therefore in outward apparance , they will cloath themselues with the garments of the godly , vsing all smooth and hypocriticall perswasions , to the end they may reach the height of their own desires . But in the end , euery such soule shall myserably perishe by famine eternally in hell , her owne wretchednesse being euidentlye layde open , and ( as a iust iudgement ) bee damned for euer . Erubescant impii , & deducantur in infernum , muta fiant labia dolosa . Claudio . This sort of hypocrits , as haue no other goodnes in them , but the sound of the tongue onely , are like vnto builders , who in the foundation of their worke , do lay rude & vnwrought stones . But higher and neerer to publique sight , they place other stones , that are more curiously polished and laboured , onely to make the worke the more regardable . The hypocrite , that hath onely holy words in his mouth , hath the foundation of his building rude and vnseemely , wanting a true intention , a pure heart , and sole desire of Gods glory . Now this rotten foundation of auarice , of fond vaine-glory , or of any other hatefull vice whatsoeuer , he buries all these , onely to make a bottome of them . But aloft in the forefront , or in the very face and chiefest appearance of the worke , there goodly & Saint-like words are liberally affoorded . The iust and faithfull man , hee doth all things quite contrary to the hypocrite , which makes his foundation to bee most precious , because whollie it is layde on Christ him selfe , the abounding treasure of all celestiall riches . Fundamentum aliud nemo potest ponere , praeter id quod positum est , quod est Christus Iesus . Other foundation can no man lay , then that which is layde , which is Christ Iesus . On what a precious foundation doth the iust man lay in his spirituall building , whereon , all other rich stones are plentiouslie heaped , according to the beauty of so fayre a building ? Vnusquisque autem videat quomodo superaedificet . Let euery man take heed how he buildeth . When God , being the onely chiefe Architect of all things whatsoeuer , began his building of this goodly world : he dealt quite contrary to those builders , that make their beginning at the ground-worke or foundation , with vnshap't stones , rubbish and such base trashe . Hee went another way to woorke , and as a mayne beautie to his faire fabricke , hee began with the firmament of heauen ; and that was the lustre of his foundation and beginning : Vocauit Deus firmamentum coelum : God called the firmament , heauen . The like did he when he framed the building of the little world , Man , to adorne him with the more admirable beautie , he placed first ( as his foundation ) a reasonable soule in him , which was so faire and goodly , as it receiued forme & shape euen from him selfe . Therfore when the soule is taken away , the building of our body falleth into cinders . When he builded the most noble palace of the militant Church , he placed ( as a most precious foundation thereof ) our redeemer him selfe , euen Iesus Christ . Fundamentum aliud nemo potest ponere , praeter id quod positum est , quod est Christus Iesus . The hypocrite doth all his works quite contrarie , and therefore his building falles soone to the earth . And euen as God made a confusion of tongues , among the proude builders of the Tower of Babell : euen so at length will hee confound this hypocriticall building tongue , that doth all things whatsoeuer , onely for pride and vaine-glorie , which infamous kinde of building must needs fall to the ground , according as that tower did , because : Deus superbis resistit . Lodouico . The hypocrite dealeth like the Pyrate , or ( as we may otherwise tearme him ) the Rouer on the Sea , who because he would not be knowen for a theefe and robber , spreadeth false Ensignes vpon his toppes : which giuing some security to the mistaking passengers , they are by this meanes fraudulently seazed on . Euen so the counterfeyting tongue , displayeth forth very glorious ensignes , and teacheth the same words that Christ him selfe taught : but hee then inueigleth , makes a pray of the poore soule , and murders it , like as the heretique doth , who onely in tongue confesseth Christ , but in his deeds is all deuill . The Painter busieth him selfe greatly to set downe the shape of a Crucifixe , in very liuely colours ; with such naturall lineaments , euen as if all the muscles and sinewes of the body were perfectly to be discerned . But if a man should aske him , if all his diligence had been imployed , onely for the loue hee bare vnto Christ , hee would make answere ( if he should speake but plainly and from his heart ) Truely my Lord , to tell you but the troth , I had little remembrance of him when I did it , nor could I deuise how to paint him perfectly ; but what I haue here done , was onely to sell my labour at the dearer rate . Such ( for all the world ) is an hypocrite in his words , hee transformes them wholly into Christs appearance , but not for the loue he beares to Christ , but rather to winne estimation of the world . Euen as arch-heretikes vse to doe , or like so many Herostratoes , striue to make them selues famous to the world , and greedily to graspe vp riches . Agreeable to the false Sichemites , who circumcised them selues , according to the manner of the Hebrews , onely to inherit their goods and possessions . Si circuncidamus masculos nostros , ritum gentis imitantes , substantia eorum , & pecora , & cuncta quae possident , nostra erunt . If all the men children among vs bee circumcised , as they are circumcised , shall not their flockes , and their substance , and all their cattell bee ours ? Neuerthelesse it happened vnto them quite contrarye , for the thyrd day following the circumcision , they were all put to the edge of the swoord : such was the permission of God , because they were not circumcised for obseruation of the Lawe , but onely in regarde of auarice . In like manner the false tongue , that with the colourable pretexte of the name of Iesus Christ , seemes to bee seriously imployed for his diuine glory : labours onely for his owne couetous rewarde , but when hee thinkes this greedy hoped-for gaine is gotten , he is miserably slaine by eternall death . Many of these hypocrites doe much busie them selues in counterfeited speeches , to get into the presence of Princes , onely for ascente to some high place of dignitie . But when the goale is once gotten , then their peruerse natures are apparantly discerned , and that their outward humilitie , was onely but to cloake their inward pride : Whereupon , in their following course of life , they seeme like the hauke , that takes her flight a farre off , when she meanes to seaze on the simple doue , as if shee had no intent at all that way : but sodainly shee windes in vpon her , and grasping her in her tallents , killes and eates her . Claudio . This kinde of ambitious hypocrits , are yet more supportable then the other , for these men , although inwardly they are deuils : yet notwithstanding , outwardly they shew them selues like Saints in holy speeches , and serue as good examples to others , for the lewd sinner feareth to offend in their presence . They resemble the figure made of ragges and cloutes , commonlie called , scar-crowes , which is set foorth on the boughes of trees , to affright away the birdes from feeding on the fruits , and in this kinde ( perhaps ) they may also bee tearmed profitable . But afterward , we must needes come to an other sort of them , who are farre worse then are these , because their words are meerely hypocriticall , appearing to be true louers of holynesse : but their workes are most wicked . Because they exalt humility , and are proude them selues ; they praise chastitie , and yet are luxurious ; they preach almes-giuing , yet rob the poore of it ; they magnifie iustice , yet are strong theeues them selues . Such were the Pharyseys , who sayd to the man that was borne blinde ; Da gloriam Deo ; Giue glorie vnto God ; as if they had been wondrous zealous of the diuine honor : neuerthelesse , they did all onely to robbe Christ of his honor . Of this temper also was King Ahaz , to whom ( as Esay sayth ) God spake , that he should aske a signe of his redemption from him , which should be giuen him . Pete tibi signum à Domino Deo tuo , in profundum inferni , siue in excelsum suprà . Aske a signe for thee of the Lord thy God , either in the depth beneath , or in the height aboue . But he made refusall , saying : Non petam , & non tentabo Dominum : I will not aske , neither will I tempt the Lord. Which he did , not in humility , or for obseruation of the diuine precept , which was giuen to the people of Israell , Non tentabis Domiaum Deum tuum ; yee shall not tempt the Lord your God. Nor was this miracle to tempt God , because God him selfe willed that he should aske it : but he would not aske it , because he would not giue such glory to the true God , but euen as a wicked idolater , despised , that the diuine power should haue any honor at all . Lodouico . This is a most detestable kinde of hypocrisie , and well may we say of such men , as did the good olde afflicted Iaacob , when being presented deceiptfully , by his sonnes , with the altered garment of his beloued sonne Ioseph , tinctured with the counterfeited bloud of a beast ; After he had wondred and wondred againe therat , thus he spake in a teareful voice . Tunica filii mei est , fera pessima comedit eum , bestia deuorauit Ioseph . It is my sonnes coate , a wicked beast hath deuoured him , Ioseph is surelie torne in peeces . So may the holy Church say to this hypocriticall kinde of sonne ; It is most true , that thou wast borne to be my sonne , because I gaue thee life in baptisme , and ( concerning thine outward part ) thou hast still the same garment that I gaue thee , which is nothing else but Christ : Induimini Dominum Iesum Christum ; Put on yee the Lord Iesus Christ . And Christ thou namest , & Christ thou preachest , and of him thou talkest in priuate or publique meetings , or in familiar conference among thy freends . But yet in very deed , although Tunica filii mei sit , this bee my sonnes coate ; Fera pessima deuorauit filium meum , the wicked and immane beast of hypocrisie hath slayne him . Because , inwardlye hee is nothing else but all vanity , all deuill , all flesh , all sinne ; And hence proceedes it , that Fera pessima deuorauit filium meum . My sonne hee is onely by his coate , and outwardly by his voyce , but inwardly hee hath no part at all of him . Claudio . The glory of our soule consisteth not in the garment , but in the heart , according as the father of Salomon ( speaking of the spouse ) sayth : Omnis gloria eius ab intus , circumamicta varietatibus : She is al glorious within , her cloathing is of broydred gold . First he prayseth her inward endowmēt , Omnis gloria eius ab intus , & afterward talketh of her outward cloathing , Circumamicta varieattibus : because he would first haue the affection of the heart , and afterward requires effectuall workes . So dealeth nature likewise , first shee createth and produceth the heart , and afterward the other members . But hypocrites ( sayth Saint Gregorie ) are Artistes , who caring nothing at all for the inward parte , bestowe all their industrie for embellishinge the outwarde , couetinge rather to imitate arte then nature . These retainers of the garment onely , are like to the incontinent wife of Potiphar , who being enamoured on the comely young man Ioseph , and seeking to constraine him to the immodest acte of lust : he fled away ▪ nothing remaining in her violent hand , but his cloake onely . Qui relicto in manu eius pallio , fugit , & egressus est foras . He left his garment in her hand , and fled , and got him out . So these hypocriticall voyces , are cloakes onely , that is , they haue the name of Christ in their handes , and not the mysticall Ioseph Christ in their hearts . After that Adam had sinned , feeling his owne rebelling nature , he hid himselfe , remembring that he was naked , not coun●ing it sufficient for him , that his shame was couered with fig tree leaues . Consuerunt folia ficus , & fecerunt sibi perizomata . They sewed figge tree leaues together , and made them selues breeches . Wherupon , when ( vnthought on ) God called him , and sayd , Adam vbi es ? Adam where art thou ? Hee answered ; Timui eò , quòd nudus essem , & abscondi me ; I was afraide , because I was naked , therefore I hid my selfe . It is not enough for hypocrites , to be hidden with the fig leaues of holy words , because the searching eye of God penetrates euen into the heart ; Dominus autem intuetur cor . Therefore when they thinke that they haue substantially enough couered their shamefull abused bodyes , they shall euen then most vituperiously bee made manifest to the whole world : Reuelabo pudendatua ante faciem tuam , & ostendamin gentibus nuditatem tuam : I will discouer thy skirts vpon thy face , and will shew the nations thy filthynesse , and the kingdoms thy shame . Little shall it then auaile them , that they haue had holy words in their mouthes , and haue exhorted others to doe well . Or , like vnto the Dolphin , haue conducted other fish into the net , and kept them selues out of the fishers power , close by the rocke . Therefore are they thus reprooued : Quare tu enarras iustitias meas , & assumis testamentum meum per os tuum ? Tu verò odisti disciplinam , & proiecisti sermones meos retrorsum . &c. Why dost thou preach my laws , and takest my couenant in thy mouth ? Whereas thou hatest to bee reformed , and hast cast my words behinde thee . As if he wold haue said . Thou thoughtst ( perhaps ) that to saue thy selfe , certaine outward workes were onely sufficient . Thou wicked and vngodly wretch , couldst thou imagine it enough for thee , to preache to others , that they ought to doe good , and yet thou thy selfe to deale most badly ? I tell thee , this not onely is displeasing to mee , but I will turne my selfe into anger and fury against thee , and in the trembling day of iudgement , I will say vnto thee ; Impudent and gracelesse as thou art , wherefore didst thou not first purge and make cleane thine owne lippes ? Why didst thou not first cleanse thy owne dissembling tongue , before thou wert so bolde , as to preach my law therewith ? How durst thou , by so impure a passage , and a way so beastly , giue scope to matter so white and immaculate ? Hereby hast thou made others holy , and at the same instant time refused all disciplyne thy selfe , when being carelesse of my Lawe , there is no foule sinne whereinto thy selfe hast not falne . Oh fayre Sepulcher , full of all vnsauourie sent within . Thou art as a bell , calling others to serue God , and yet keepst thy selfe without the Church : Or art as that vngodly wretch , who onely soundeth well with his tongue , but doth commit abhominable and most irreligious deeds . Lodouico . A great penaltie ( questionlesse ) will fall vppon the wicked man , that with his tongue hath been the meanes of others saluation , by exhortation , preaching and reprehension , and yet thereby is the cause of his owne damnation . Hauing ( like vnto the Physition ) cured and made others healthfull , yet remaines him selfe in most weake and sickelie estate , the which begetteth him an intollerable enuie , and a hatred more then can be spoken of . Claudio . In such a one is verified that prophecie of Micheas . Tu seminabis , & non metes ; tu calcabis Oliuas , & non vngeris Oleo ; & mustum , & non bibes vinum : Thou shall sowe , but not reape ; thou shalt tread the Oliues , but shalt not annoint thee with the Oyle ; and make sweet wine , but shalt not drinke wine . Because in very deede , these men doe sowe the most fertile seede of Gods word , and yet shall not gather the eternall fruite thereof , in regard they doe all for the pleasing of men . They treade the Oliues , as seeming to bee full of sanctitie , but yet in proofe are quite emptie , therefore they shall also remaine depriued of the diuine mercy . They gather the grapes , as declaring to haue great charitie by their feruēcy in speech : yet they shal neuer drink of the wine , because they are voide of that loue celestiall , wherewith the soule should be filled . Inebriabuntur ab vbertate domus tuae , & torrente voluptatis tuae potabis eos . They shall be satisfied with the fa●nesse of thine house , and thou shalt giue them drinke out of the riuer of thy pleasures . And that also of the Prophet Aggeus : Ponite corda vestra super vias vestras . Seminastis multum , & intulistis parum ; comedistis , & non estis saturati ; bibistis , & non estis inebritati ; operuistis vos , & non estis calefacti , & qui mercedem congregauit , misit eas in sacculum pertusum . Consider your owne waies in your hearts : you haue sowen much , and bring in little ; yee haue eate , but yee haue not enough ; yee drinke , but yet yee are not filled ; yee cloath ye , but ye be not warme ; and he that earneth wages , putteth the wages into a broken bagge . As if he would haue said . O you hypocrites , that haue Christ onely in your tongues , consider now faithfully your owne errours , and with al your harts , think whether there euer hath bin the like follie or no. Hath it not been a wonderfull foolishnesse in you , that you haue sowed so much seede of Gods sacred word , and yet your selues haue gathered in no fruite at all , onely by your vanitie , attending altogether vpon the pleasure of men . You haue eaten , yet neuer would you be satisfied ; because you could not taste the sweetnesse of the heauenly bread of wisedome , which ( neuerthelesse ) you gaue plentifully enough vnto others . You haue drunke ; but neuer were ye filled with celestiall loue , onely yee did but wet your lippes therewith , and neuer receiued any iotte thereof downe into the heart . You cloathed your selues with the garment of Iesus Christ , hauing it still readie on your tongues , by often preaching ; but neuer were yee warmelie clad with his sanctifyed loue . And ( which is much worse ) you that haue made profession , to accumulate great wages , by the exceeding grace you helde with the people : haue yet put vp your money , and the wages of your ouer-great labour of bodye , of vnderstanding and memorie , ( oh intollerable follie ) into a rotten purse , that had no power to contayne the money . Therefore , all your reward ( in an vnrepayreable moment ) is quite lost , and all the hope you had of heauen ( if any you had at all ) is vtterlye voyde and frustrated . Lodouico . Oh lying tongue , oh fraudulent tongue , oh most treacherous and betraying tongue . That obscure Prophet Ezekiell , sawe a most goodly prospectiue vpon a wall , and while he admired the wondrous beautie vpon the wall , God sayd vnto him : Ezekiell , take an instrument , and digge the wall , which seemeth so stupendious to thee . Fode parietem : He digged , and behelde a doore , and God commaunded him to enter in thereat : he entred , and sawe dreadfull serpents , as also beastes of diuers kinds . Et ingressus vidi , & ecce omnis similitudo reptilium , & animalium abominatio , &c. Such are these hypocrits , faire in lookes , Saints in speeche , but in their hearts full of all filthynesse . From which effects the Lord in mercy deliuer vs , and let vs beseech him to gouerne our tongue , to make cleane our lippes , & rather quite to bereaue vs of our tongue , then it should offend the creator thereof by doublenes , and much better for vs were eternall silence , then such dissembling fraudulent speech . Claudio . Hypocrisie is a sinne against nature , not onely in regard that the tongue ought to bee the ambassadour of a faithfull heart , but also , because we see that nature hydeth or makes prouision for euery pretious thing whatsoeuer . As pearles , them shee hydeth in fish shelles ; vnualuable rich stones , in the earth or ryuers ; Corall , in the bottome of the Sea ; Golde , vnder cauernie mountaine ; apples and other like fruites , among leaues ; grapes also vnder their shelter ; the heart , in the very secretest place of the body ; and things of meanest moment , if not hidden , yet shadowed with some kinde of defence . But the hypocrite , the little goodnesse that remaineth in him , hee hydes it from all men by the helpe of a dissembling glib tongue , and his imperfections or wickednesse , hee conceales it with all the arte hee can deuise . Lodouico . So doe bankerupt merchants , or such of slender substance , whatsoeuer they haue , they set it foorth to open viewe , as making shewe of farre greater matters to bee in their shoppes . But if they be demaunded for a chayne of golde , parle , corall , or any other thing then those hanging foorth vpon theyr stalle , they will smoothly answere . I pray you Sir pardon me , I had such , but indeed they are solde , and I would gladly please yee with what is heere left . Such are these counterfeiting dissemblers , ful of all gay and goodly words , but their hearts are vtterly empty of any vertue . A gallāt shew makes a Ship , ryding vnderful spread sayles , adorned with faire banners wauing in the winde , and euery one runnes gladly to see her , when by a prosperous gale she puts into the port . But afterward , when they perceiue that she is emptie of merchandize , the greedy beholders then stand as men confounded . A Ship voide of any merchandise , and seeming full to the eye , sayling onely by the winde of vaine mens breath , and coueting to arriue at honour and high applause , such , and no other is the false hypocrite . Claudio . They want no wickednes , yet liue as ceremonious examples , euery one fearing them for their appearaunce of holynes : like vncharged Cannons , dreadfull onely at the first beholding : and not much behinde these , are sacrilegious blasphemers , and periured persons . Finis Chap. 17. The Argument . Wherein is declared , that the sinne of blasphemy is most great and greeuous , insomuch that it exceedeth euery other sin , euen those of the Infidelles , and of the Iewes , who crucified our Lord and Sauiour . It is aggrau●ed by many circumstāces , and hath no apparant excuse , as diuers other sinnes may seeme to haue . It is a sinne eternall , in regard of the exercise thereof ; because among all sins , blasphemy only remaineth with the damned , euen as charity dooth among the blessed , and is punished with euery part of the law . It is the sin of vnthankefulnesse , the punishment whereof sometime beginneth in this world , and yet is neuer finished . It is a manifest signe of damnation , and a sin so abhominable , as the holy Scripture somtime forbeareth to name it , among the rehearsall of other grieuous offences . A discourse very profitable , ingenious , necessary and woorthy to be noted , for feare of falling into a sin so horrible and detestable . Chap. 19. LODOVICO . Seeing there is no sinne so great in a Christian , as blasphemy is , whereby he derogates from the supreme goodnesse , which is the onely obiect of charity : Therfore it is a most mighty sin , in regard it opposeth it selfe against the christian faith , & hath in it the weightinesse of the sin of infidelity , which being a notorious sin in his own nature , ( as sayth the diuine Doctor ) 2. 2. q. 10. ar . 3. It therfore followeth , that the sin of blasphemy hath hardly any eequall , or appertaining to the selfe same kind . Claudio . How can it be , that the sinne of blasphemy hath in it the burthen or weight of infidelity ? For blasphemy may be committed , without preiudice to faith , and so much the rather , because it appertaineth not properly to blasphemy , to swerue or dissente from that which ought especiallye to bee beleeued , and that is the onelye thing that constituteth infidelity . Therefore it often happeneth , that when the blasphemer is in choller , he vttereth that with his tongue , whereunto properly in humane beleef , he consenteth not . As perhaps , in saying , that god can not lette me from winning this game , or the like vile words , & yet ( for all that ) to think within himself that he can . Lodouico . I will answere you with a distinction , necessarie for the clearing of such a doubt , to weete . That in three seuerall manners we may derogate from the diuine and supre●me goodnesse . First with the vnderstanding only , that is , in imagining a false conceit against God. Secondly , by adioyning to that former false conceiued opinion , the detestation of the will. Thirdly , ( without hauing a false imagination , accustomed onely to the detestation of the will , ) to vtter many blasphemies , though beleefe of them be otherwise , and be but deliuered with the tongue onely , according to the same example your Honour gaue of the gamester . Albeit blasphemy is not a false opinion of the vnderstanding , derogating from the diuine bountie , for that is called infidelitye , which is the error of vnderstanding , and of ignoraunce , with the pertinacye of the will. Neuerthelesse , because in blaspheming , words are vttered with the tongue , euen as if they were breathed from an infidell , and against the diuine goodnesse it selfe , as infidelity is woont to doc , ( by attributing to God such thinges as are no way conuenable for him . or , by denying things especially to him belonging , or , in giuing to the creature , what is onely meete for God and no other ) in these , or the like , blasphemy carieth the very same greatnesse , which infidelity dooth , because it offendeth the same obiect as infidelitie dooth , and deliuers the same false opinion as infidelitie dooth , although not by consenting , but in beleeuing otherwise of them , then with the tongue is manifested , and so it opposeth it selfe against the confession of faith . Claudio . If it be so , it must then of necessitie be affirmed , that blasphemy shuts vp within it selfe , the very sin of infidelity , or at least , apparantly in the pronunciation . And it may be also both in the will , and in the desire , as in conuicting and calumniating ( by some examples ) the power diuine . To wit , in desiring to haue it be beleeued that euery thing is possible , which is impossible , & therby displeaseth the highest omnipotency . And if it be thus , we may as then wel confesse , that blasphemy ( in this kind ) is far more great then infidelity . Lodouico . It is not to be doubted , but that blasphemy ( perfected with this vile intention ) is much worse : because there is blasphemy , although it be vttered on the behalfe of God , he beeing thereby blasphemed , as the behalfe of the blasphemer , in his owne nature . When one , not beleeuing ( as an Infidell ) that he speakes blasphemy against God , yet dooth it , the blasphemie is onelye on gods part blasphemed , and not on the part of the blasphemer , but it is blasphemy onely according to him , and not to him that vttered it foorth . But when blasphemy is deliuered by one that beleeueth in christ , it is then meerely blasphemy on gods part in it selfe , by giuing or taking away what to god is onely conuenient . And also on the behalf of the blasphemer , that robs or attributs to god , that which he knows & beleeues , to be no way agreeable to him . And so is the blasphemy the more perfected , and made far greater by beleefe , then without beleefe . And this is not onely the opinion of S. Augustine , in the booke he wrote against lying , Chap. 19. but also it is confirmed by the authority of Saint Peter , who in one of his Epistles , speakes against those beleeuers , as do turne to the same sin , as is in the weight of infidelity . Facta sunt cis posteriora deteriora prioribus . Melius enim erat illis non cognoscere viam iustitiae ; quàm post agnitionem retrorsum conuerti ab eo , quod illis traditum est sancto mandato . Contingit enim eis illud veri prouerbij ; Canis reuersus ad suum vomitum , & Sus lota in volutabro lut● . The later end is worse with them then the beginning . For it had beene better for them , not to haue knowne the way of righteousnesse , then after they haue knowne it , to turne from the holye commaundemente giuen them . But it is come vnto them , according to the true prouerbe ; The dogge is returned to his own vomit : and , the Sowe that was washed , to the wallowing in the myre . Claudio . What an enormous sin is this ? what vice more diabolicall , exceeding all other misdeeds , how great soeuer ? It outgoeth the sin of the Paganes , because , though the infidell speaketh of God what ought not to be spoken , yet notwithstanding , he beleeues that what he vtters with his tongue , is true . VVhat though the Turke and the Iewe doe deny Christ to be the Sonne of God , and that Marie should be a pure virgin ? It is no great matter in him to breath foorth such blasphemie , because his beleefe is such , and hee thinkes that hee speakes truelye . But much worse is it in a Christian , to call his redeemer a traytor , and the blessed virgin a strumpet : yet knowing and beleeuing it not to be true , but rather what he speakes , is vttered in meere contempt of his creator . So , in naming , vilely or abusiuely , the members or parts of christ , or of his saints in despightfull manner , the very like may be sayd . Lodouico . By your leaue ( my Lord ) if then to name the parts of Christ , and of the Saints , or speaking somtimes as swearers are woont to do : By God , by holy God , by the good God , by the blessed Lady and such like , is this the sinne of blasphemy ? If alwayes in enunciatiue blasphemy ( to vse the very scholasticall word ) there be a falsity : we yet in naming the members of Christ , or of the Saintes , or saying , By the blessed God , By thee O good God , & such like , we deliuer no falsity at all , because christ had really all the parts of a man , & god is truly good , and most holy ; how then can this be tearmed blasphemy ? Claudio . I answer , that albeit the blasphemer in his violent heat , shall disdainfully name the parts of Christ , or of his saints , or say , By blessed god , though he speak true , and free from an falsenesse : yet notwithstanding , because he vtters it as a contēptible thing , he makes it false by consequence , for neither in God or his saints , is any thing to be contemned . And this kind of blasphemy , not onely is committed somtime with significant tearmes , but also with the gesture and motion of the body , and albeit in the pronuntiation of a very true thing , but yet it is doone in a most ignominious manner . As somtimes , one man ( despising the honor and reputation of another ) sayth : Oh , you are a man of God ; Oh , you are a Saint of Paradise , and yet in his owne hart tearmes him , a man of the diuel , and a fiend of hell . Of this nature haue ye many blasphemers in the world , vttering holy words , but with vnholy intention , yet not daring to speake one hereticall word , for feare of publique punishment . Lodouico . You haue begun well , proceed I pray you . Claudio . The sin of blasphemy is worse then that of murther , because oftentimes it happeneth , that if the man killer could compasse his reuenge , and kill his enemy , without offence of his diuine maker , he would willingly do it . But beeing thus disabled , he will still retaine his murthering intent , wherein hee highly offendeth God. But not so immediatly as the blasphemer trespasseth , who principally & directly opposeth himself against god , blaspheming & abusing him in meer despight . Lodouico . But vnder your fauour , my good lord , I am of a contrary opinion with S. Augustine , who in this Enchiridion , Chap. 12. sayth , That the sin of manslaughter is more hurtfull , in taking away the life of a man , then is the sin of blasphemy , which can bring no iniurie at all to God. If then murther hurteth more then blasphemye , it must needes bee allowed to bee the greater sinne . Claudio . If we shall consider homicide and blasphemy , accorcording to the obiect against which eache sinneth , there is no doubt to be made , but that blasphemy ( without all comparison ) is a greater sin , then an hundred thousand murthers : because it is immediatly against God , an obiect infinit , & the other is against our neighbor , an obiect finite . But if we haue regard to the effect of eithers hurt : then homicide is much greater then blasphemy , because homicide is more hurtfull to our neighbour , then blasphemy is or can be to God. Now because in the greatnesse of the fault , more regard is to be had to the intent of the will , then the effect of the act : therefore , in regard the blasphemer simply purposeth , to do dammage to the honor diuine , albeit the wicked effect cannot so succeed , but in vaine is let loose the arrow of the biting tongue ; absolutely , and without all question , the blaspheamer sinneth more , then the mankiller dooth . It is superior also to the sin of heresie , which beleeueth , that whatsoeuer the tongue vttereth , is true : but the diuelish lips of the blasphemer , speaketh such things as himselfe beleeueth not , and willeth likewise the thing that cannot be . It is worse also then the sin of the Iewes , who crucified our blessed Lord and Sauiour , whereon Saint Augustine sayth , writing on the 12. Chapter of Saint Matthew : Magis peccant blasphemantes Deum triumphantem in coelis , quam qui crucifixerunt eum ambulantem in terris . They sinne more that blaspheme God triumphing in heauen , then they that crucified him walking on the earth . The reason hereof is deliuered by Saint Paul : Si enim cognouissent , nunquam Dominum gloriae crucifixissent . For had they knowne it , they would not haue crucified the Lord of glorie . Yet this ignoraunce is not altogether excused . Scio fratres , quia per ignorantiam fecistis : I knowe bretheren , that through ignorance ye did it . But the blaspheming Christian , he knowes him to be God , and therin he sinneth the more greeuously : and so much the rather , as by how much more noble the offended person is , euen so much the greater is the offence augmented . The Iewes offended a Christe mortall , but the Christian offendes a glorious Christ in heauen , to whome hee promised faith and obedience in baptisme , which by the Iewe was neuer promised . Moreouer , the Iewes crucified him at one time onely , but the Christian blasphemeth his maker a thousand times in an houre , and so much as in him lieth renueth his tormēts : makes wider the Launces wounde ; encreaseth the number of his lashes ; prepares a newe Crosse ; forgeth new nayles in the fire of his wicked heart ; filles a fresh spunge with gaule & vineger ; makes a more pearcing wreath of sharpe pointed thornes ; spittes more abhominable filth in his face , and does euerye other thing to his greater vexation . Beside al this , blasphemie ( then which , more cannot bee said of it ) seemeth to goe beyond idolatrie , because the one taketh the honor due to God , and the other giueth it vnto infamie . If a defect positiue be greater then a defect priuatiue , then blasphemie may be said to be the greater sinne ; for the vngodly wretched sinner basely reprocheth his creatonr , and idolatrie doth but depriue God of his due honor . Lodouico . This greeuous sinne is yet further aggrauated , because there is no one thing whatsoeuer , that can mooue a man to blaspheme God : but there are many and infinite , whereby to giue him alwayes iust occasion , of rendring endlesse thanks euery hour , for such aboundant graces conferred vpon him , as well spirituall as corporall , beside those two most signall benefites , of creation and redemption . Yet the wicked sinner , when he ought to seeke all meanes , by Hymnes , Psalmes and spirituall songes , to praise and glorifie his creator , he vnthankfully turneth his tongue to reproachfull infamies and dishonours , Oh sin too insupportable ! Euery other sinne ( more or lesse ) hath some excuse and motiue , except this horrible vice of blasphemy . The proude man perhaps is mooued , by some imagined excellencie he hath in himself , more then he sees in any other , whether it be of vertue , beauty , riches or nobility . The ambitious man may be vrged , to make vaunt of himself , as by hauing many subiects , or much treasure , to purchase a high prelacie or temporall estate . Euen as the couetous man , may make the like commodity of his welthy bags : The glutton , of his surfetting sweetnesse in meats & drinks : The luxurious , of his fleshly delectation : The angry , of his accounte of honour : And the slothfull , of his bodilie rest . Let it suffice , that euery sinner hath some formall appearance , as therby moouing him to sin , & which he would faine alleadge in his own defence , if he might do it without offence to the maiesty diuine . But cōcerning blasphemy , what can be said to incline any mā therto ? nothing at al : neither sensuality , neither delectation , nor mony , honor or any reward whatsoeuer . Moreouer , we are naturally inclined to praise & honor god , as being the only vniuersal benefactor , that so largely imparteth to vs ( vnthankful wretches ) his singular graces . Hauing then no occasion at al , that might induce vs to this vice , it deliuers vs vp the more inexcusable , & makes the sin much greater then any other . As for example the sin of luxury , it is held more great & offensiue in an old man , then in one of younger years , who by nature may haue more inclination therto ( though in no age whatsoeuer it is to be excused ) Yet in an old man it is most shamefull , as Cicero ( the father of eloquence ) affirmeth in the first booke of his Offices : Luxuria , cùm omni aetati sit turpis , tum senectuti foedissima est . In like case , though all sins in a Christian are euil , yet blasphemy is the most odious beyond all other . Claudio . As it is the most shamefull sinne , and furthest from any excuse : so must you then also of necessitie confesse , that it deserueth greater punishmente , then any of the other sinnes . Lodouico . It is not be doubted , but where the fault is greatest , the penalty ought as largely to be extended . Wherupon , among other paines denounced by Saint Iohn in his Apocalyps , one is , that they gnawed their teeth for sorrowe . Et commanducauerunt linguas suas prae dolore , &c. And many times it comes to passe , that ( by the iust iudgemente of God ) the punishment thereof beginneth in this world . Saint Gregory , in his fourth booke of dialogues declareth , that this vice is so much displeasing to God , as a child of fiue yeares old in Rome , being caried in the armes of his mother , & blaspheming the name of god , was suddenly snatcht away by the diuel , & neuer afterward seen any more . In Mantua , diuers gamesters being playing at the tables , & abusing the name of Christ and the blessed virgin : their eyes fel presētly out of their heads , vpon the tables as they plaid . A souldier in the diocesse of Rhemes , one day blaspheming the holy name of god , was suddenly surprized with the falling sicknesse , & falling on the ground in the presence of many , he rent and tare himselfe most miserably all the day following , casting & vomiting his very entrails vpward , & in breathing forth his last words , most impiously he recommended his soule to the diuell . An other also , abusing there most horribly the name of his creator , renting his blessed body peecemeale in sunder : his owne body miraculously split in sunder , euen in the same parts he so wickedly blasphemed , and dying in desperation , gaue both soule and body to the diuell . In Florence there was a man much addicted to blaspheming , and one day among the rest , as he held on this vile course against god , being in the company of diuers his familiar friends , he was suddenly lifted vp into the ayre by the diuel , where being despoyled of his garments , they fel down piece by piece to the ground , but no part of his body was euer after seene . A mariner dwelling in Siracusa , beeing greatly giuen to swearing and balsphemy , vpon a day ( the sea being very mild and calme ) he would needs leape into the water to swimme : and albeit he was exceeding skilfull in that quality , yet ( by the diuine permission ) hee sunk and drowned . But being afterward fished for , and found by his friends & companions , & a due inquisition being made of the body , there was nothing found wāting , but his accursed tongue only , wherwith he had so often blasphemed his maker . But why stray I thus after miracles , imposed as diuine chastisemēts vpon blasphemers , whereof an infinite number might be produced . If your Honor would see whole beadroles of authentical cases in this kind , read but the Garden of Examples , composed by the reuerend father , Master S●rafino Razzi , of the Preachers order in the city of Florence . But let it suffice , that this sin is so abheminable in the sight of God , as euen in this life hee many times doth beginne to punish it . Claudio . Very worthily ought the punishment to begin in good time , and to endure much longer then any of the other : because , if the penalty should be conformable to the offence , as there is no fault that lasteth longer then blasphemy , so ought the inflicted pain to be correspondent , which must needs stretch further then the allotment to other sins , for blasphemy outgoeth time , and continueth eternally . Lodouico . Doth blasphemy then endure for euer ? Claudio . It is a common opinion among the reuerend diuines ; That as charity is the cheefest vertue , most perfect and maiesticall , because it onely remaineth eternally , ( all the other vertues seuerally hauing an end , but yet answerable to their seuerall actions : ) So blasphemy is the very worst of all sins whatsoeuer , not only because it is committed in this life , but also in regard it liueth for euer in hel , as an eternall exercise for the damned ; other sins , hauing also ( according to their action ) an end and period . Therfore sayth Saint Iohn in his Apocalyps . Blasphemaueruut Deum coeli , prae doloribus & vulneribus suis . They blasphemed the God of heauen , for their paines , & for their sores . And the Angelicall Doctor , in his 2. 2. q 13. art . 4. vseth these formall speeches . Et credibile est , quod post resurrectionem erit in eis etiam vocalis blasphemia , sicut in Sāctis vocalis laus Dei. That as in heauen the Saints with cheerefull voyces shall praise the lord , so is it most certaine , that the damned with horrible voyces shall blaspheme him . Lodouico . The sinne of blasphemy then , continuing longer then the other sinnes , we may by good reason make this addition thereto . Because the sin , by how much it lasteth , so much the greater is his extent ; blasphemy going beyond all , must needes be sayd to be more greeuous then them all . As contrarywise , by how much vertue continueth , so much the more noble it is . So charity ought to be esteemed the worthiest among all vertues , because it is that which is eternally ioyned with God , and neuer hath ending , whereuppon the Apostle sayeth . Nunc autem manent fides , spes , charitas , tria haec : maior autem horum est charitas . And now abideth faith , hope and charity , euen these three : but the cheefest of these is charity . Claudio . If a man may be knowne by his speech , of what quality he is ( according to the opinion of Socrates ) : And if by the language he speakes , may also be gathered of what nation he is : ( as whether he be an Italian , Spanyard , Germane French , English , Greek or Hebrew , as Peter was known by his speech . Galilaeus es , nam & loquela tua manifestum te facit . Thou also art a Galilean , for euen thy speech bewrayeth thee . ) VVhy then , when we perceiue a man to be addicted to blasphemy , in such manner , as by frequent vse in his speaking , he will iestingly both sweare and blaspheme : we may iustly say of him ; This man is of the prouince belonging to the kingdome of hell , because his diuelish language dooth manifestly accuse him . Ipsi de mundo sunt , ideo de mundo loquuntur : They are of the worlde , therefore speake they according to the worlde . So sayde Christ to his disciples , as if hee woulde haue further added , in this manner ; The quality of the soule , it is better knowne by speeche , then by any other way else whatsoeuer : therefore let it be no maruayle in you , if the children of this world , do speak world-like , euen as they that are of God , do conferre on none but those things belonging to god . Hereupon we may well say , that the blasphemer is of the infernall kingdome , because he vseth the same language which the damned do , who are doomed for euer to that abyding . Euen as contrarywise the exercise of the heauenly Citizens , is euermore to be lauding and praysing God. Beati qui habitant in domo tua Domine , in saecula saeculorum Laudabunt ●e . Blessed are they , Lord , that d●ell in thy house , for they shall prayse thee for euer and euer . Three seuerall prouinces or kingdoms did god make , and eche one hath his proper language : to wit , the prouince celestiall , the terrestriall , and the infernall . The language celestiall , is to blesse and prayse God eternally . Et quatuor animalia , singula eorum habebant alas senas in circuitu , & intus plena sunt oculis , & requiem non habebant die ac nocte , dicentia : Sanctus , Sanctus , Sanctus Dominus Deus omnipotens , qui erat , & qui est , & qui venturus est . And the foure beastes had eache one of them six winges about him , and they were full of eyes within , and they ceased not day nor night , saying : Holy , Holy , Holy Lord God Almighty , which was , and which is , and which is to come . The language of the terrestriall kingdome , is to speake of thinges that are terrestriall : Qui de terra est , de terra est , & de terra loquitur : He that is of the earth , is of the earth , and speaketh of the earth . The language of the infernall iurisdiction , is to speake euill , curse and blaspheme both God and his Saints : Cum esurierit , irascetur , & maledicet Regi suo , & Deo suo , & suspiciet sursum : When he shall be hungry , he shall euen fret himselfe , and curse his king and his Gods , and shall looke vpward . If by the tongue , he shall be knowne whether he be a stranger or no : then is it most euident , that cuill speakers and blasphemers are of the infernall kingdome . Lodouico . Most wretched blasphemer , who beeing paide with his owne euil , neuer thinkes of amending his tongue , nor altering his bad language : but beeing assured of his harme , perseuers in the blame . And the tongue which was made for to prayse God withall , he turnes it to curse and blaspheme him . VVhich is a sinne so execrable and abhominable , as sometimes it falleth out that in the holy Scripture , where it speaketh of blasphemy , there is vsed in steed therof the word blessing , as refusing to vse that wicked phrase . As we haue it in the first booke of the Kings , where when wicked Iezabell found out two false witnesses against Naboth , to win occasion of putting him to death , the same witnesses testified , that Naboth had blasphemed God and the king ; saying . Benedixit Naboth Deum & Regem . For which he was vniustly led foorth of the city , and stoned to death by all the people . At illi viri diabolici , dixerunt contra eum testimonium coram multitudine . Benedixit Naboth Deum & Regem . Quamobrem eduxerunt eum extra ciuitatem , & lapidibus interfecerunt . And the wicked men witnessed against Naboth in the presence of the people , saying Naboth did blaspheme God and the king . Then they caried him away out of the city , and stoned him with stones , that he died . The like may we reade in the first and second chapters of the history of Iob. in the very wordes of the diuell to God , speaking against Iob : Tange cuncta quae p●ssidet , nisi in faciem benedixerit tibi : Touche all that hee hath , to see if hee will not blaspheme thee to thy face . And the wife of Iob , exhorting her husband to curse and blaspheme God , vsed scripture quite contrary , speaking the word blessing , in steed of cursing . Dixit autem illi vxor sua ; Adhuc tu permanens in simplicitate tua ? Benedic Deo , & morere . Then said his wife vnto him ; Doost thou continue yet in thyne vprightnesse ? Blaspheme God , and dye . The sacred Scripture hath great respect in but speaking or naming the word blasphemy ; yet the vngodly and wicked tongue of man , makes no regard at all of it , but euen with heart and mouth blasphemeth his Creator . Could God more exaggerate this diuelish sinner , then by vsing contrarye wordes in the describing thereof ? Claudio . Blasphemy is likewise the vice of ingratitude , because in signe of gratification , euery creature is obedient to the Lorde , blessing and praysing him after his manner . Yet man , endued with more singular giftes then all other creatures , hee onely blasphemeth him , and none but hee . Ordinatione tua perseuerat dies , quoniam omnia seruiunt tibi . They continue euen to this daye by thine ordinaunces , for all are thy seruantes . The tongue which God gaue vnto man , because therwith he shold lande him ; to make it the engine of cursing ? oh sin intollerable . Dedit mihi Dominus linguam ( sayth the wise man ) & in ipso laudabo eum . The Lorde hath giuen me a tongue , wherewith I will prayse him . The blasphemer is worse then the brute beastes , who doe all magnifie the Lorde , as Dauid willeth them in his last Psalme : Let euerie thing that hath breath , praise the lorde . And the three children , in the middest of the fierie furnace , inuited all the workes of the omnipotente , to praise him . Benedicite omnia opera Domini Domino , laudate , & superexaltate eum in saecula . All ye workes of the lord , blesse yee the lord , praise him , and exalt him aboue all things for euer . Onely the vngodly sinner blasphemeth him . The heauens wheele about in their course , the Starres twinkle , the Sunne guides the worlde with his beames , the Moone shines , the fire heates , the ayre breathes , the sea●bs and flowes , the riuers run , the lakes stand still , the earth fructifies , the plants liue , the beastes haue some measure of vnderstanding , the birdes chaunte their noates , the fishes glyde about in the waters , and euerye creature ( in his kinde ) giues laude to his creatour , vnthankefull man onely blasphemeth him . Et iugiter tota die nomen meum blasphematur . My name all the day continually is blasphemed . Lodouico . Happy Dauid , who euermore praised his creator : Benedicam Domino in omni tempore , semper laus eius in ore meo : I will giue thankes vnto the Lord , his praise shall be in my mouth continually . Good old Tobias forewarned and schooled his onely sonne to this lesson , sayng . Omni tempore benedic Deum , & pete ab eo , vt vias tuas dirigat , & omnia consilia tua in ipso permaneant , Blesse thy Lord God alwayes , and desire of him that all thy wayes may be made straite . and that all thy purposes and counsels may prosper . Dauid also himself , was no sooner in the morning risen from his bed , but he charged all his children and seruants to glorifie the Lord. Laudate pueri Dominum , laudate nomen Domini . Praise O ye seruantes of the Lord , praise the name of the lorde : the lyke dooth hee in the 134. Psalme , Claudio . But some there are , that doe quite contrary , who rise no sooner in the morning out of their beds , but ( full of impatience ) giue some sudden commaund to their sons or seruauntes , and because they bee not as ready in executing of what they woulde haue them : presently they breake foorth into horrible blasphemies , and seuere imprecations , so that the very first moouing of their lippes , and first word deliuered from their tongues , is infamy and disgrace to their creator . VVhich greeuous sin being so frequent in committing , if somtime the punishment thereto belonging , were but as ready from God in following : there would hardly be found so many diuelish tongues in the world , if not for the loue of vertuous deeds , yet at least to auoyde the terror of so condigne an infliction . Lewis , called the holy and Saint-like King of Fraunce , caused the tongue of a blasphemer to bee cut foorth of his head . And so offensiue was this sinne vnto him , as ( at another time ) he commaunded the lips of a blasphemer to be feared with a hot burning yron , saying . I woulde very gladly endure this punishment in mine owne person , conditionally , it might sort to such a happy successe , as ( by that example ) the hatefull vice of blasphemy might neuer more be heard in my kingdome . But now adayes , you haue men apt and ready enough , to punish such praters or talkers , as any way do fpeak against their own worth and esteem ; but none are found to reprooue them , that speake open blasphemy against God and his saints . The diuine lawe commaunded , that the blasphemer should be stoned by all the people . Educ blasphemum extra castra , & ponant omnes qui audierunt , manus suas super caput eius , & lapidet eum populus vniuersus . Bring the blasphemer without the hoast , and let all that heard him , put their hands vpon his head , and let all the congregation stone him . Againe . Et qui blasphemauerit nomen Domini , morte moriatur . And he that blasphemeth the name of the Lord , shall be put to death . Therefore Senacherib King of the Assyrians , besieged Ierusalem , and blaspheming the name of the Lorde , the night following ( by Gods appointmente ) 185. thousand of his soldiours were slaine , and himselfe murthered by his owne sonnes . The lawe Ecclesiasticall enioyned , that the blasphemer , for seauen weekes together , euery Friday should fast with bread and water , and euery Sabboth day at Euening prayer time , he should stand before the Church door , without cloke , without hose or shooes , bare headed , his girdle or a coard about his neck , and other such like penalties were inflicted on him , onely to make this sin most odious to the people . The imperiall lawe of Iustinian the most Christian Emperour commaunded , that the blasphemers head should bee smitten off . Among the very Paganes also , there was a terrible lawe , as wee may reade in the third Chapter of Daniel , where it is shewen , That Nebuchadnezzer , hauing seene the great marueyles of God , in the three children put into the fiery Ouen , commaunded , that whosoeuer did blaspheme that God , should be slayne , his house ouerturned , and raced from the foundation . A me ergo positum est hoc decretum , vt omnis populus , tribus & lingua quaecunque loquuta fuerit , blasphemiam , contra Deum Sidrach , Misach , & Abednago , dispereat , & domus eius vastetur . Therefore I make a decree , that euery people , nation and language , which speake any blasphemy against the God of Sidrach , Misach and Abednago , shall be drawn in pieces , & their houses ruined . And Mahomet himselfe , who was drawne by the diuell to seduce so many soules , commaunded that his body to be deuided and cut in quarters , that shold blaspheme God , Christ or the blessed virgine . If all lawes haue condemned the blasphemer , not only among beleeuers , but euen among the very Infidelles themselues : it may then easily appear , what an abhominable and detestable sin it is , and that it were much better to bee without a tongue , then thereby to offend so highly our creatour , redeemer and glorifier . Muta fiant labia dolosa . Finis Chap. 19. The Argument . Approouing that it is better to haue no tongue at all , and to be silent eternally , then to fall into any of the before remembred vices . What benefit ensueth by the priuation of speeche , of which , although we should haue no vse at all , yet we are not voyde of the speeche of the mind ; which is much more excellent , and sooner listened vnto by god himselfe , then to the carelesse and idle babbling of the lippes . He that wanteth speeche , is disburdened of a heauy loade , and may the easier preserue himselfe from many heauy charges : because by the tongue of the body , we please men onely , but by the tongue of the hart , we become pleasing to God. Euery man hath two lippes , but the iust man hath his vpper lip much greater then the nether . Contrarywise , the wicked man hath his nether lip so great , as therewith he couereth his whole face , and all the strength of bad men consisteth in their lips ; which is approoued by a short , yet sweet discourse , and afterward pleasingly concluded on the befalf of silence , approouing it to be much more allowable then speeche . Chap. 20. LODOVICO . Pursuing this case of the blasphemer , we may ( without any doubt at all ) ad to the rest which is gon before , that in regard the opposeth himselfe immediatly against his Creator , thereby he coueteth no lesse , but would enforce ( as much as in him lieth ) that he neither is , or shold be iust , good , omnipotēt , wise and merciful . And he that desireth or seeketh after these things , would willingly haue God not to be God. In like manner , when he wold haue him to be voide of eies , wherby he beholdes his sinnes , and discouers his deceiptfull deuises : he wisheth him also to be as empty of power , whereby to punish him , or to censure him with paines of condemnation . And faine he wold haue such a potency to remaine within him selfe , whereby he might as easily afflict his creator , as hee dares venture with his deuilish tongue , to blaspheme and abuse him . This is a denying of the diuinity in God , with a meere hellish & deuillish presumption a sinne so immane and monstrous , as much better were it , not to haue a heart to thinke it , or a tongue to vtter it . A sinne so horryble , that the Iewes ( by nature obstinate , and addicted to many vices ) would yet stop their eares from hearing it , & rent their very garments in peeces , in signe that it did split their very hearts in sunder , when any such blasphemy was deliuered : as we may read in the Actes of the Apostles , in the Gospels , and in many other places of the holy Scripture . Who can heare a worse or viler thing then blasphemy is ? Will yee listen what Saint Bernard saith thereof , in his Canticle of the Septuagesi . Serm. 2 ? Vult ergo non esse Deum , qui quantum in ipso est , aut vult eum impotentem , aut iniustum , aut insipientem esse vult . Crudelis planè , & omnino extrema malitia , quae Dei potentiam , iustitiam , sapientiam perire desiderat ; Qui autem vult Deum esse iniustum , vult non esse Deum : & qui desiderat Deum non esse ; nonne quantum in se est Deum occidit ? Claudio . I could wish such a one , not onely to bee depriued of his tongue , wherewith he hath so blasphemed the diuine goodnes of God : but rather ( then to offend in any of the before named vices , ) that he had no life at all in him , euen any one whatsoeuer that shold be so displeasing to his heauenly maker . Many times it happeneth , that sickenesse is much more auaileable then health , not onely , because vnthankefull man scarsely knows a benefit giuen him by God , till first he haue endured the losse therof : but in regard also , that infirmitie , and debilitie in our naturall forces , doth beget and bring foorth the surer health of the soule . Such a hurt is worthily to be wished for , that shewes it selfe to bee a remedie to a farre greater inconuenience , and is a secure escape from harme of higher qualitie . But this being vtterly vnknowen in our selues , we cannot deuise how to helpe it , and wee being ouerslouthfull in seeking redresse , doe thereby grow to a more daungerous weakenesse of the minde , which taking away the light of the soule , becomes a prouder nourishment to the flesh . Much better then doe I reckon the infirmitie of the body , that engenders the soules health : then the health of that , which weakens and makes the soule to be sicke . Wee often times doe foolishly conceipt in our selues , that by recouerie of health after some long sicknesse , wee are quite set free and escaped from death . But euen then doe wee run with the greatest haste of all toward him , and are euen neerest to death , when we imagine him to bee furthest off . The depriuation of speech , nay , death it selfe is farre better , then long time of life , and offending our heauenly creator , by those meanes which were made for his laude and magnifying . Lodouico . Priuation or lacke of speech , begetteth the security and quiet of the minde . Many , meere innocents of thier hands , haue yet beene condemned by their tongues , because they haue fondly taken great pleasure , in appearing before men , to haue done such things as they neuer did , nor perhaps euer could do , and so haue made them selues guiltie by their tongues , of that which their hands neuer performed . As in the like case it happened to the young Amalekite , who vaunted before Dauid , that hee had slaine king Saul , as hoping to haue gotten ( thereby ) a great reward , because Saul was a most heauie enemy to Dauid . But albeit hee was cleerelye innocent of the fact , yet notwithstanding , hee bare the penaltye of a murderer , onelie by belying him selfe , and accusing him selfe of a deede , which hee neuer thought to doe . Whereupon Dauid sayd to him . Sanguis tuus super caput tuum . Os enim tuum loquutum est aduersum te , dicens ; Ego interfeci Christum Domini . Thy bloud be vpon thine owne head , for thine own mouth hath testifyed against thee , saying ; I haue slaine the Lordes annointed . I say againe , that the want of speech , is the occasion of much quiet , because it is no meane labour , to speake well , to make answere in due time , and to apt purpose ; to talke gratiously , and to giue proportionable gesture to our words ; to adorne our sayings with comelinesse ; to deliuer sentences with sweetnes ; to accompany our speeches with the bodies seemely behauiour ; sometimes speaking lowde , sometimes lowe ; now sweetlie , then more sharplie . But this ( you will say ) is the labour onely belonging to an Oratour . Yet let me tell you , that the want of speech in consideration of the many harmes , whereinto a man falles by the tongue onely : is the chiefe way to much quietnesse , and the meanes to preuent innumerable euils . Diuers haue desired , that they could neuer haue spoken , but neuer attained to such a happinesse . If Cicero the father of Latine eloquence , and Demosthenes , the splendour of the Greeke tongue , had euer been dumbe : both the one and other had longer liued , and death had been more sufferable to them , and much lesse grieuous . Claudio . Questionlesse , whosoeuer considereth our humane frailcie , and how procliue a man is to faile in his speaking : will allowe dumbenesse to be farre better then speeche . He that hath lost the vse of speech , hath also lost the arte of lying , the consuetude of deceiuing , the instrument of enmitie , the organe of quarrelling , the sower of slaunders , and the broacher of blasphemies . Many more are they , that by their wordes haue become infamous , then by their deedes : for there is no part of our body , more ready to doe harme , and harder to bridle , then the tongue of man is . Therefore , they that know them selues apt to faile thereby , and consequently , to fall into the vices whereon wee haue so long discoursed ; me thinkes , should rather wish them selues to be dumbe , then to couet the engine of their owne vnhappines . Lodouico . It is very true , in regard it is a great treasure , to be poore in euill . Whereupon we may say , and very truely , that such as are borne without the vnhappy tongue , are borne to be rich , and they that haue such a wicked kinde of tongue , doe loose for euer the eternall riches . Thus ( by a new way ) may wee become wealthy , loosing by finding , and finding by loosing , because there is no worse thing , then to haue an euill tongue . Euen so by consequence , there is nothing better , then in hauing it , to remaine as depriued thereof , seeing he that gets much that way , looseth much more an other way . And the tongue is as a fire , which consumeth any thing . Labia eius repleta sunt indignatione , & lingua eius quasi ignis deuorans . Claudio . But what shall we say ( if the tongue be not good ) that many yet haue been found to be of innocent tongues , euermore praising therewith their Creator ? If then to loose an euill tongue , is to get great riches , to loose a good tongue , is to loose greater riches . Lodouico . Hee that hath lost his tongue , hath not lost his heart . He remaines onely depriued of that member , wherewith hee could appeare pleasing but to men , but is not robbed of his heart , wherewith he pleaseth God onely . Being then not secured by that member , which wonne him but the bare pleasing opinion of men : it is best for him to preserue the heart carefully , whereby hee may be thankefull to God , to whom , though hee cannot speake with his materiall tongue , yet may he liberally and freely expresse his whole heart . And if the wicked be said to haue the lippes of the heart , how chaunceth it that the iust haue them not also ? Of the wicked saith Dauid : Labia dolosa , in corde , & corde loquuti sunt : Flattering with their lippes , and speake with a double heart . The iust haue the mouth and tongue of the heart , wherewith they may freely speake vnto God , which made Dauid say of him selfe . Non est occultatum os meum à te , quod fecisti in occulto . My bones are not hid from thee , though I was made in a secret place . Or , as if he should say . Lord , the mouth of my heart , which thou hast created for me in the most secret part of my body : from thee it is not hidden , because thou searchest into the secrets of the heart , and hearest the moouing of the lippes of the thoughtes . Dominus autem intuetur cor . Praise then the Lord with the tongue of the heart , because he is wont to be much more attentiue to that kinde of language , then to the other idle talkatiue noise of the voice . And in the presence of his omnipotent Maiesty , there is no clamour more loude , more vehement , nor more moouing , then that of the heart is , because otherwise ( as we haue already sayd ) hee onely delighteth in silence . This clamour did that Shepheard of his flocke , and ( afterward ) the guide to numberlesse people , Moyses , breath foorth , when praying ( in silence ) with a most earnest spirit , his zealous cryes entred the eares of the Almighty , which made God himselfe say : Quid clamas ad me ? Wherefore cryest thou vnto me ? He spake not , neither mooued his lippes , and yet it is sayd , he cryed . As we perceiue then , that he whom god heares , is not dumbe , because he speaketh to him with his heart : euen so may we say , that he who hath lost the tongue of outward crying , and of the voyce whereby hee would striue to be vnderstood , neyther wantes his materiall tongue , nor voyce vocall . Moreouer , losse of the vse of speech , hath been very aduantagious to diuers men , because thereby their thoughtes haue had the more gentle freedome . Which made King Dauid say , that it behooued , to set a good watch before the tongue . Pone Domine custodiam orimeo , & ostium circumstantiae labits meis . Set a watch O Lord before my mouth , and keepe the doore of my lippes . Dixi custodiam vias meas , vt non delinquam in lingua mea . I sayd , I will take heede to my waies , that I sinne not with my tongue . Posui ori meo custodiam , dum consisteret peccator aduersum me . I will keep my mouth bridled , while the wicked is in my sight . And Salomon his sonne sayd , that it behooueth ( with all diligence possible ) to keep the heart , as that which is the fountaine of life . Omni custodia serua cor tuum , quoniam ab ipso vita procedit . Keep thine heart with all diligence for therout commeth life . Being then depriued of the tongues vse , eyther by nature or fortune , thou art disburdened of this watch-charge : and being to keep one watchman onely , thou art eased of a moity of the trouble , by being able to preserue ( with greater facilitie ) things so reduced to a small number , yet of greatest value , then those that are amounting to many in their number . And it may yeeld thee some contentment beside , to loose that onely member of the body , which hath holpen very fewe , but hurt many . Because it is the Seminary of warre , dissensious , strifes , adulteries , blasphemies , periuries , fraudes , flatteries , and of an hundred thousand other vices beside . Better then is the tongue of the heart , whereby God may be pleased , and no man scandaled : then that of the mouth , whereby God delighteth not to be spoken vnto , and infinite euils haue redounded vnto men . Claudio . Your discourse , my Lord , may be allowed for the more authenticall , by how much wee know the custodie of the tongue to be very difficult . Whereupon , many haue been enforced to attempt impossible waies , only to containe ( in good cōpasse ) the slippery tongue . Francis Petrarche the Poet , and an Oratour most famous , tels vs of a deuout man , who was very desirous to learne the study of sacred letters or diuinitie . And to that end entred into a Schoole , where hearing this verse of the thirtie eight Psalme , at his very first entraunce ; Dixi custodiam vias meas , vt non delinquam in lingua mea &c. He presently went foor●h of the Schoole , and would neuer after come into it againe . A pr●●●y while after , the Master ( by chaunce ) meeting him on the way , and marueiling he had in such sort forsaken the Schoole : demaunded , vpon what occasion hee had so soone giuen ouer his new-begun study ? Whereto the holy man thus answered . I haue found so much to doe , to obserue but one document , which I heard in my very first lesson , concerning the keeping of my tongue , and which all my life time hytherto I was neuer able to compasse : that I will first attaine the perfection of that one precept , before I presume vpon any other . This good man accounted it meerely superfluous , to heare many lessons , without putting any one of them in execution . Therefore , it appearing to bee such a hard matter , to keepe the tongue in an absolute custodie ; he would haue no one to seeme otherwise learned , then as they haue truely followed the perfection of their lessons . Lodouico . Assuredly , it is most difficult for a man , to preserue him selfe innocent in speaking : because we are so ouer-ready , to talke of worldly matters , euen as men that haue no way made clean their affections . A man hath two lippes necessarily belonging to speeche , one beneath , and the other aloft aboue the mouth , because humane argument is but two-fold , and no more ; that is , of matters soueraigne and celestial , and of meaner things , base and terrestriall . The two lippes are distinct : notwithstanding , in forming of the word , they aptly vnite them selues according to time . Euen so , albeit celestiall things are furthest off from matters terrestriall , and those diuine , from them that are humane : yet ought were to vnite them together , and so farre to serue our turne with earthly occasions , as they may stead vs in our duety to heauen . Holy men haue spoken of them both so gratiously together , that the holy Ghost said of them : Diffusa est gratia in labiis tuis , propterea benedixit te Deus in aeternum : Grace is powred in thy lippes , because God hath blessed thee f●reuer . Claudio . Quite contrary are the vngodly , who speake so vngratiously , as God is forced sometime to make them be silent . As he did to talkatiue Zacharias , albeit a good man : Eris tacens , & non poteris loqui : Thou shalt be dumbe , & not be able to speake . And he did the like to the bolde talking deuils : Et imperans , non sinebat ea loqui : He rebuked them , & suffered them not to speake . And the like he said to the vnthankfull sinners : Tacete qui habitat is in insula : Be still ye that dwell in the Iles. Lodouico . Iust men are like to goodly faire hounds , which haue their vpper lippe much greater then the lower . So doe iust men more gladlie talke of celestiall affaires , then those belonging to the world . God commaunded Moyses , that he should make for the proposition Table , a couer of golde , and for the couer a high golden crowne . Facios illi labium aureum per circuitum . Et ipsi labio coronam interassilem altam quatuor digitis , & super illam alteram coronam aureolam . This Table we may say to be the iust man , whose heart is like vnto a rich table , furnished with all sweet meates of vertue , wherein God him selfe so highly delighteth , and whereon hee pleaseth to eate and drinke , euen as if he were a fellow-commoner with him . Si quis audicrit vocem meam , & aperuerit mihi ianuam : intrabo ad illum , & coenabo cum illo , & ipse mecum . If any man heare my voice , and open the doore , I will come in vnto him , and will suppe with him , & he with me . His lippes are made of the purest golde , as a couerture to a holy receptacle , and the wordes of such a sanctified vessel , are full of most ardent and perfect charitie . And therefore is a high crowne of eternall reward layde vp in store for him , yea , a golden crowne of perpetuall honour . Corona aurea super caput eius , expressa signo sanctitatis . A crowne of golde vpon his head , bearing the forme and marke of holynesse . Gloria & honore coronasti eum . Thou hast crowned him with glorie and honour . Now the wicked are quite contrarie to the iust , for they haue the nether lippe farre greater then the vpper , because they talke of nothing but earthly and carnall things : Qui de terra est , de terra loquitur , as if he would haue said . They that haue their hearts made of earth , do talke altogether of earthly things , because the tongue is the messenger of the heart , and Ex abundantia cordis os loquitur . They haue their lips of their mouths , answerable to the cogitations of their hearts . Therefore they gladly discourse on earthly affaires , because their nether lip is so great : being iustly herein compared to swine , whose strength consisteth wholly in their lippes ; with them they delue into the earth , roote vp plantes , breake downe doores , and remooue stones out of their places . Euen so the vngodly Oratour and carelesse sinner , all their power is in humane eloquence , and in the ne●ues of worldly businesse , which they continually exalt and applaude , making no account at all of celestiall & inuisible treasures . Claudio . These men may bee compared to certayne people of Ethiopia , of whom Isidorus speaketh in the eleuenth booke of his Etimologic , and likewise Plinie in his naturall historie , describing them to be very monstrous . Their faces being all plaine and euen : but their ne●her lippe is of such huge largenes and length , as therewith they couer all their face , to defend it from the heate of the Sunne , and so they wander about the Ethyopian mountaines . Euen so wander the wicked through the blacke Ethiope of this world , ouer-warme and sweltring in all naughtinesse . They are so monstrous and imperfect , that they haue faces plaine and smooth , and walke as voide of all vnderstanding ; wanting the cleare sighted eye of discretion , the pearcing sauour of deuotion ; the solicitous care of obedience , the delicate taste of contemplation , and the soft touche of milde compassion . So that wee may very well say of them . Oculos habent & non videbunt ; nares habent & non oderabunt ; aures habent , & non audient , manus habent & non palpabunt ; os habent et non manducabunt . They haue eyes and see not ; they haue noses & smell not ; they haue eares and he are not ; they haue handes and touch not ; they haue mouthes and eate not . Onely they haue their nether lippe so large , as therewith they couer their whole face : because by their vaine talking , they cloke , couer and cloude all their lewde life , making that as a vaile , to obscure their detraction , flattering , deceiuing , dissembling , murmuring , deriding , lying , boasting , defaming , slaundering and blaspheming . All their strength consisteth in their lippes ; they byte & wound with their lippes ; Gladius in labiis eorum ; Swords are in their lips . They lye with their lippes : Abhominatio est Domino labia mendacia : The lying lippes are abhomination to the Lord. They flatter with their lippes : Populus hic labiis me honorat : This people honoureth me with their lippes &c. They poyson with their lippes : Venenum aspidum sub labiis eorum : Adders poyson is vnder their lippes . They sowe strife with their lippes : Labia stulti miscent se rixis : A fooles lippes cause strife . They kill and ruinate soules with their lippes : Labia ipsius ruina animae eius : His lippes are a snare for his soule . They smite , and shall be smitten with their lippes : Siultus labiis verberabitur : He that is foolish in talke shall be beaten . They burne with their lippes : In labiis eius ignis ardebit : Fire burneth in his lippes . All their whole power is in their lippes , because the greatest euill the wicked can doe , they doe it with their lippes : moouing them to blasphemies , euill speaking , lying , strifes , and therefore were they better to be depriued of them , then haue vse of them , to their owne damnation , dishonor of God , and detriment of their neighbour . Lodouico . Let vs pray then to the Lord , to strike them dumbe , or to chaunge their lippes . Or if the lippes of the heart be to abide with them , that they may not mooue them to his disgrace , not be offensiue to the chaste eares of good men , by their Gomorrish speeches , and cryes of Sodome , so highly displeasing to the Almightie . Muta fiant labia dolosa . Finis Chap. 20. The Argument . Hee that would talke with God , must eyther learne to bee silent , or speake farre otherwise then he did before : because his heart is to bee first purged of wicked thoughtes , and his lippes made cleane from speaking of euill . Hee that conferres with God , must either holde his peace , or speake very little , in regard of the greatnesse of diuine mysteries . Or he must talke highlie , by a new kinde of speaking , as being lifted vp by diuine assistaunce of the holy Ghost . For approbation whereof , diuers sound testimonies out of sacred Scripture are produced . As of Moyses , Ieremie , Daniell , Paul , and the other Apostles , Silence also makes the foole to seeme wise , and the want of speech is the gift of God , as well as talking in many languages . Heerein likewise is discoursed , whence it proceedeth that some are borne dumbe , and others very hard in deliuery of their words , or else doe speake very slowly . Chap. 20. CLAVDIO . To be silent , we haue already discoursed and approoued , that it is very behoouefull for all men , as well the good , as the bad , the foolish , as the wise : because such commendation awaiteth on silence . as if the foolish man doo but holde his peace , he appeareth to be wise ; At the least in this , that in refrayning speech , he acquainteth not others with his follie , which made the wise mā say . Stultus quoque sit acuerit , sapiens reputabitur , et si compresserit labia sua , intelligens . Euen a foole ( when hee holdeth his peace ) is counted wise , & he that stoppeth his lippes , prudent . If silence doe cause the very foole to be reputed wise , how much more grace then doth it giue to a man wise indeed ? Marke what Salomon further addeth : Qui moderatur sermones suos , doctus & prudens est : & pretiosi spiritus vir eruditus : He that hath knowledge , spareth his words , and a man of vnderstanding is of an excellent spirit . If then god doe take away from the wicked the vse of speech , two admirable benefits ensue to him thereby . One is , that he shall appeare to him that knowes him not , to be dumbe , and to be a wise man. The other is , that he cannot hurt his neighbour , by euill example of murmuring and lewde speaking . We may therefore say , that as it is the gift of god to speake well , and in variable languages , as the Apostles ( by the worke of the holie spirit ) did : Euen so is it the gift of god , to be silent , and depriued of that member , wherewith we may much offend the diuine goodnesse , and little helpe our neyghbour : for the one holdes his peace by vertue , and the other by infirmitie . Therefore very elegantly said the wise man. Est autem tacens , & non habens sensum loquelae , & est tacens , sciens tempus apti temporis . Homo sapiens tacebit vsque ad tempus . Some man holdeth his tongue , because he hath not to answere , and some keepeth silence , waiting a conuenient time . A wise man will holde his tongue , till hee see opportunity . Lodouico . Vpon this occasion , we may lawfully ( by your leaue my Lord ) demaund to know , whence it ensueth , that some are endued ( by nature ) with a perpetuall silence , so that they know not how to forme one word ? Claudio . Aristotle saith ; That if a man be borne deafe , it is necessary that he should also be borne dumbe : because in not hearing , hee knowes not how to forme the articulation of the voice , and the names giuen to things in the first institution , neither knoweth what is signified by them . And this ensueth ( as he affirmeth ) Because the tongue hath his vse by reason onely , and so attaineth to abilitie in discourse , or in dispute . Whereupon it is necessary , to receiue the word or name from another , & so to containe the signification therof in minde . Therefore necessarily are they which are borne deafe , dumbe also . Lodouico . A good answere , and grounded vpon reason . But tel me I pray you , whence cōmeth it , that some are so imperfect of speech , as they can hardly deliuer two words readily together , and others haue their tongues so quicke and voluble . Claudio . To haue the tongue ready , quicke and agill , it requireth the ayde of much heate , and moderate drynesse . Wherfore , they that be melancholie bodies , ( as well by nature , as by ad●stion ) are tardy of speech , because their tongue is very cold and moiste , abounding alwayes with much water , and spettle in the mouth . By which disposition , they haue a very moiste and relaxe tongue , because they spit much and often ; which quality both slowes , and also greatlie weakens the tongue , so that it cannot duely attend on the imaginatiue part : which contrariwise better in the disposed body , makes it to be very strong and gallant . And the tongue cannot run to speake so distinctly and readily , as when it receiueth due order from the part imaginatiue , therefore being thus impeached , it huddles and tumbles out words , which are not truly and rightly formed . The Phlegmatike bodies likewise , not being ouer moody & angry , haue a very colde and moiste braine ; and therefore they are not ouer ready in speaking , their tongue being also relaxed by too much humiditie . But when they are offended , then choler mountes aloft , & rouzeth vp the heate on a sodain , eleuating the imaginatiue part : & they then may speake as much as they please , for the tōgue is not impeached , because it is already wel heated . Such men can neuer be good Oratous , because they know not how to speake , except they baule and make alowd noise , which tires the patience of the auditours ; and yet the Oratours action necessarily requireth , that somtime he should speake loude , and sometime lowe . Hereupon Aristotle searching into the occasion , why men being tardy of tongue , knew not how to speake in an humble key : found , that the tongue which is fastened to the palate , by reason of ouer much humiditie , deliuers and frees it selfe better by rough violence , then when lesse strength is put vnto it . As if a man , being desirous to lift a Launce from the ground , holding it out at length : more easilye ( by a stearne stroke agaynst the earth ) shall mount it aloft , then by lifting it vp at armes end by little and little . Lodouico . It appeareth to me , that this defect commeth hot onely so much by humiditie and coldenesle , but likewise by superfluity of heate and drynesse : whereon it happeneth , that cholericke men ( being adust and fierie by nature ) when they are in heate , they cannot pronounce perfectly , but doe stammer in such sort , as sometime it cannot be discerned or gathered what they haue spoken . Yet when they are quiet , and choler quite dismissed , then doe they vtter theyr mindes with very gracious eloquence . Which in Phlegmaticke bodies is cleane contrary , who being quiet and in peace , they seeme then as if they could not speake at all : but let them bee heated or angerly mooued , they talke with sententious phrases , and flowing bountie of verie good words . Claudio . The reason of this is , that though it be true , that heate both helpeth the part imaginatiue , & the tongue too , yet notwithstanding , because men being in anger or furie , heate aduaunceth more of his power , then is needfull or ( indeed ) conuenient , he domineereth ouer the imaginatiue part , and thereby so immeasurably dryeth the tongue , that it cānot articulate the word as it ought to be spoken . Wherfore , being in moderate quiet , these kinde of mē doe speake very well , because ( then ) they haue that help of heate , whereof the good imaginatiue part , & the tongue both haue especial need . Lodouico . If the impediment of the tongue in speech , do come by superfluitie of colde and moisture , or superaboundance of heate and drynesse : we may then say , that the Prince of Israels people , the law-deliuerer Moyses , he was hindred by the selfe same infirmitie , when hauing talked with God , hee became to know his tongues infirmity : which defect he had not before that time , but onely affirmed , that he was not eloquent . Therefore , when God would send him as an Ambassadour to king Pharao , he desired the Lord not to send him , but excused him selfe to God , after this manner saying . I beseech thee ( O my Lord ) lay not this burden vpon me , because the execution of such an office , had need of such an eloquent person , as can very readily and with eloquence deliuer his Embassie , wherin I know my selfe to be vtterly vnable . For since I thy most vnworthy seruant , haue been so fauoured , as to heare my Lord speake , and that it hath also pleased thee , to speak to me : from thence hitherto , I haue knowne , that I am imperfect of tongue & very tardy in my speech . Obsecro Domine , non sum eloquens ab herì , & nudiustertius : & ex quo loquutus es ad seruum tuum , impeditioris , & tardioris linguae sum . This is a very great matter , and well worthy of as great consideration . Before Moises had reasoned with God , he very well knewe that he was not eloquent . But afterward , when he had talked with God , he thē perceiued him selfe plainlie to be a stammerer , & very slack in speaking . A farre greater defect is it doubtlesse , to be a stammerer , then not to be eloquent , because the one is a defect positiue , and the other priuatiue . Claudio . How , & by what meanes in your opinion , my Lord , grew this strange alteration ? Perhaps the talking with god caused this defect , and it may be so , because Ieremie the Prophet also , after that he had spoken with god , found him selfe to be so depriued of speech , as he said vnto god . Ah , ah , ah Lord , how is this that thou speakest vnto me ? Thou tellest me , that before I was begotten , thou hadst elected me , and before I issued foorth of my mothers wombe , thou sanctifiedst me , to the end that I might bee without the blemish of sinne , and didst ordaine me a Prophet vnto the nations . But remembring what thou hast said vnto me , I finde my selfe as a childe , that knowes not how to forme a word . Priusquā te formarē in vtero , noui te , & antequam exires de vulua , sanctificaui te , & prophetam in gentibus dedi te . Et dixi , Ah , ah , ah , Domine Deus , ecce nescio loqui , quia puer ego sum . Whereby is euidently discerned , that neuer did the Prophet Ieremie know how to speake , but when God had first spoken to him , to send him to preach . Daniel the Prophet , a man of a most singular prerogatiue , in the time of Cyrus king of Persia , standing in great heauinesse , afflicted with fasting and full of teares , by the side of the great riuer Tigris : God came to reueale a secret of mightie importance to him . And he stood as smitten dumbe , and could not open his mouth to speake a word . Cumque loqueretur mihi huiusmodi verbis , deieci vultum meum ad terram , & tacui . Et ecce quasi similitudo filii hominis tetigit labia mea , & aperiens os meum , loquuius sum , & dixi ad eum qui stabat contra me . Domine mi , in visione iua dissolutae sunt compages meae , & nihil in me remansit virium . Et quomodo poterit seruus Domini mei loqui cum Domino meo ? Nihil enim in me remansit virium , sed et bal●us meus includitur &c. And when he spake these words vnto me , I set my face toward the ground , and helde my tongue . And beholde , one like the similitude of the sonnes of man , touched my lippes : then I opened my mouth , and spake and said vnto him that stood before me . O my Lord , by the vision , my sorrows are returned vpon me , and I haue reteined no strength . For how can the seruant of this my Lord , talke with my Lord , being such a one ? for as for me , straight way there remained no strength in me , neither is there breath left in me . Wherein also may be euidently noted , that not speech onely , but euen all naturall strength wanted in Daniel , in the time of this his talking with the Lord. Moyses , without requiring any other signe of God , in confirmation of being made his Ambassadour : he could holde this onely for enough ; that , of being before but slender lie eloquent , hee was then become also defectiue of tongue . And Ieremie , as a manifest token that God had spoken to him , could declare this : that hee was become like a childe , who scantly knowes how to forme the beginning of any word . And Daniel , in attestation , that the Lord had talked with him , alleaged his owne dumbenes . Lodouico . Many are the answers , & all of them very pregnant & proper , which might bee deliuered for the clearing of this doubt . First of all we may conceiue , that the diuine Maiestie is so high and excellent , that all humane strength stands as vtterly confounded , & quite bereft of it selfe , euen at his meere presence , except in mercie it please him to vouchsafe some comfort . And albeit , in this superabounding celestiall glorie , the blessed spirits them selues haue no other exercise , but to laude and praise him eternally ( as Saint Iohn declareth , of those foue mysterious beastes , and of the twentie foure most venerable Elders , with infinite multitudes of celestiall spirits : ) yet notwithstanding , such is the ouer-flowing excellency of the Maiestie diuine , as , little lesse then ouer-pressed with superfluitie of glorie , ( after the manner of Peter , Iames and Iohn vpon the mountaine Tabor , ) it casteth downe all countenances whatsoeuer , in looking on it . Et ce ciderunt in conspectu Throni in facies suas , & adorauerunt Deum , dicentes ; Amen , Benedictio , & claritas , & sapientia , & gratiarum actio , honor & virtus , & fortitudo Deo nostro in secula seculorum . Amen . And they fell before the Throne on their faces , & worshipped God. Saying , Amen . Praise and glorie , and wisedome , & thankes , & honor , and power , and might , be vnto our God for euermore , Amen . And although of the foure mysterious beastes it be written , that they neuer ceased the diuine praises of god . Et requiem non habebant , die ac nocte dicentia : Sanctus , Sanctus , Sanctus , Dominus Deus omnipotens &c. And the like of the Elders , and all the other blessed spirits is registred , that they continually lauded god : yet notwithstanding , it is also written , that they all in like maner helde their peace . Factum est silentium in coelo , quasi media hora. There was a silence in heauen , about halfe an houre . And Dauid in one of his Psalmes saith , That to God there belongeth silence , according to the translation of S. Ierome ; Te decet silenti●● Deus in Ston . Albeit according to the vulgare trāslatiō , it speaks the contrary , to wit ; Te decet hymnus Deus in Sion . Yet notwithstanding all this , these two translations are not truelie contrarie , although at first sight they may seeme the one repugnant to the other . Claudio . How can it be , but that those translations must needes be contrary , if the one say , silence belongeth to God , and the other sayes , a hymne . Saint Augustine also nameth a hymne , which is a Greeke word , and in our language is as much to say , as praise with a song . What coherence thence hath a hymne with silence , or silence with a Song ? He that holdes his peace , neyther praiseth nor singeth . If vnto god there belongeth silence , then is not the hymne conuenient for him : or if the hymne bee thought agreeable , then is not silence to be dedicated to him . Therfore the one or other translation is false , or one of them ( vndoubtedly ) speaketh not rightly . Lodouico . There is no contrariety in these two translations , much lesse then are they repugnant one to an other . The Hymne importeth as much as silence , and silence holdeth equall with the hymne . Nay then , let me tell you more , that the silence whereof now we speake , is begotten both of the hymne , and also of the sound of praise . And I dare make this additiō , that this silence speaketh more , then praise can doe in the hymne . Claudio . I cannot conceiue how silence should speake more then praise doth , neither how silence is engendred of the hymne . Well wot I , that when I am silent , I speake not , and when I praise god in a song , such as a hymne is , that I stand not dumbe in silence . Except you please to be plainer then thus , I vnderstand you not , and this kinde of arguing seemes to me , like that of the Tuscane Poet in one of his Sonnets . E volo sopra'l cielo , e son ' in terra , E nulla stringo , e tutto il mondo abbraccio . I fly aboue the heauen , yet am on earth : And gripe at nothing , yet graspe all the world . Will this strange birth euer bee like to that of Loue , which brought foorth Ielousie ? or comparable to feare , that sometime is begotten by ouermuch boldenesse ? whereon the same Poet wrote . Sento di troppo ardir nascer paura . Of ouer-bolde , I finde that feare is bred . Lodouico . I sayde , and so say still , that this kind of silence is produced by the Hymne , because the celestiall spirits , beholding the infinite maiesty of God , do breake foorth into continuall diuine prayses . But such is the greatnesse of the subject , as they are quite transported out of themselues , and in a sweet obliuion of their-then-present estate , they are al as rapt vp with a maruellous astonishment of God. Nor know they then otherwise how to do or say , ( beeing ouercome by this infinite admiration of Gods high glory ) but euen to stand all silent , diuinely contemplating this exceeding maiesty , & so holding their peace , they do yet giue prayses with their thoughts mute voyces , & so sing praises to him silently . Thus of the Hymne is silence begotten . I sayd also , that this kind of silence praiseth more , then the Hymne can do . Because , more swiftly do stil thoughts run in contemplation , wherewith the blessed spirits prayse the Lorde , then the quickest tongue in the world , can bestir it selfe in the forming of wordes . And these voyces doe praise more , beeing thus blessedly in contemplation , and with so sacred a taciturnity , then the glibbest tongue can reache vnto , with longest or loudest speeche . Because the very subiect it selfe , outgoeth the greatest and highest Oratorie . What maruayle was it then , if Moyses ( hauing talked with god ) found an impediment in his tongue , and Ieremie knew not how to forme a word ; and Daniel remained as dumbe ? when euen the sanctified spirits ( themselues ) do hold their peace , and are driuen to silence , onely by the woonderfull excellency of the obiect ? Factum est silentium in coelo . And so much the rather , because those spoken of were but mortall men , and the other , are both immortall , and euer blessed . It is a matter oftentimes experimented , that the greatnesse of the subiect , for , or to whome the speeche is prepared , dooth daunt the Oratour in such sort , as he becomes forgetfull of what he would say : albeit the Oration had bin long time before premeditated , and conned perfectly by heart , as we vse to tearme it . Whereof I could alleadge many examples , which for ciuilities sake I am enforced to forbeare . Onely let me remember you but of the Queene of Saba , who departed from her owne royall kingdome , to heare the admired wisedome of Salomon . Being come to Ierusalem , and beholding there the riches of Salomon , the adornements of the Temple , the pretiousnesse of the vessels , the beauty of the Kings Palace , the sitting of his seruants , their sumptuous preparation , their costly foode and variety of viands , the Maiesty of the kings person , his vnmatchable wisedome , and his speeches deliuered with surpassing grace . By ouer-abounding amazemēt , she was quite caried from her selfe , and she had not so much boldnesse left her , as but to speak , neither strength to go , or ability to mooue , but stood transported with vnspeakable astonishment , euen like a body without a soule . So that the holy scripture saith ; Non habebat vltra spiritū ; There was no more spirit in her . What shall we hold it then to be , for vs to see and speake with God himselfe , as did Moyses , Ieremy and Daniel ? Can there be any greater amazement , to strike dumbe , and make the tongue falter & be imperfect , when euen the blessed themselues do fall into such an extasie ? why then , I may wel say , that thus they prayse him more by silence , then they can by the Hymne ; Te decet silentium Deus . Which is a thing vnspeakable , & goes beyond al humane power , & euen Angelical praise it self . Quantum potes , tantum aude , quia maior omni laude , nec laudare sufficis . Hereupon , and much to this purpose , Dauid hath a most excellent sentence : Cogitatio hominis confitebitur tibi , & reliquiae cogitationum diem festum agent tibi . As if he wold haue sayd . Lord , the iust man , perceiuing thy greatnesse , prayseth thee , and in his praysings , is filled full of most sweete rauishing thoughts , which make so deep an impression into his mind , as they cease not to solemnize & haile thee for euer . Likewise the blessed Saintes , singing thy diuine prayses , do fall into a merueilous astonishment . And this is the silence , wherewith , pleasing themselues , they euermore laude thee , and in their lauding , contemplate thee the highest Creatour after this manner . Non cessant clamare quotidie vna voce dicentes ; Sanctus , Sanctus , Sanctus Dominus Deus exercituum . And they ceased not dayly to cry with one voyce , saying : Holy , Holy , Holy Lord God of Hoasts . Claudio . If at al houres , and euery moment , the celestiall spirits do giue prayse , both with a contemplatiue silence , and yet with voyces also , do sing to the soueraigne maiesty diuine , as you say : what needed Dauid then to haue inuited them to laude him , in the Psalme by you so lately alleaged , as if otherwise they did not laude him at all ? His words are these . Laudate Dominum omnes Angeli eius , laudate eum omnes virtutes eius . Praise ye the lord , all ye his Angels , praise him all his Army . Lodouico . Saint Augustine answers your demaund concerning that Psalme , and that in very gratious manner also , saying . Although it be most true , that the Angels , and all the blessed spirits are neuer weary , neither can be wearied in their praises to God , ( whereon Saint Iohn sayeth ; Cantabant quasi canticum nouum ; They sung as it were a new song ; not that the Song was new , but by the great sweetnesse , they receiued in the praises diuine , it seemed to them as a new Song , onely by the inexplicable dulcitude therein contained : ) Yet notwithstanding , Dauid inuites them after such manner , as the father of a family vseth to doe . Or as a Gardiner , who beholding his spade-men to labour lustily , euen contending ( as it were ) for most speede and agility , eache one seeking to out-strip his companion : Hee ( in meere ioye ) seeing in them such diligent cheerefulnesse , sayes to them . On , gallant spirits , on , you labour lustily . Nor speakes he this , as if he thought them to be slothfull and negligent , for he plainely perceiues them to worke with courage : but , as one ouercome with ioy and contentment . Euen so spake Dauid to those celestiall spirits ; Laudate Deum omnes Angeli eius , &c. But to returne to our own purpose , it is not to be maruailed at , if ( by the like or same reason ) Moyses found a defect to be in his tōgue , if Ieremy & Daniel were smittē as dumb : being al assayled by the excellency of such a subiect , & glorious maiesty of the highest Creator , whereupon the wise man sayd : Qui scrutator est maiestatis , opprimetur a gloria . Saint Paul was a great Preacher , and a most eloquent Orator : neuerthelesse , he being mounted aboue the third heauen , & there beholding the diuine secrets , he knew not what to say , but onely that they were inexplicable . Audiuit arcana verba quae non licet homini loqui . He heard words which cannot be spoken , which are not possible for man to vtter . VVe may also say in answere of the before named doubt , speaking of Moyses and of Ieremy , that , when we our selues do come to the knowledge of god , the more that knowledge encreaseth in vs , so much the more will our strength grow enfeebled . And perceiuing therby our own lesse aptnesse , both to his diuine praises , and also to the right cognition of his infinite maiesty , we do come euen then to the true knowledge of our own insufficiency and vilenesse . Therefore , when Moyses had heard God speake to him , he found himselfe to be the lesse fit for speaking to men . Whereupon grew his excuse , that he was vnmeete for the message to Pharaoh : but much more need there was , that God would make choise of his brother and companion Aaron , he being a man most eloquent . Obsecro Domine , non sum eloquens ab heri & nudiustertius : & ex quo loquutus es ad seruum tuum , impeditioris , & tardioris linguae sum . Whence we may learne this celestiall doctrine , that , by how much the more a man delighteth himselfe in heauenly occasions , so much the lesse apt shall he be for worldly matters , because one loue abates and extinguisheth another . The loue of God chaseth away all loue of our selues , and of the world , & the neerer we neighbour to our owne respect and vaine esteeme of worldly affayres , the further off are we from the loue of heauen . The more a man talketh of God , and groweth to be truely holy , the more knowledge hath he of his owne defects , euen as by the brightnesse of the day , the darke obscurity of the night is discerned . Therefore Daniel reputed himselfe vnwoorthy , to talke vnto God , saying ; Quomodo poterit seruus Domini mei loqui cum Domino meo ? How can the seruant of this my Lord talke with my Lord ? As if he would haue sayd . I am not woorthy to behold , much lesse to speake to the maiesty of my Lord , because I am but a worme of the earth , vile dirt and ashes . And , in great humility , our forefather Abraham vsed the like speeches to God : Loquar ad Dominum meum , cùm sim puluis & cinis , I haue begun to speake vnto my Lord , and I am but dust and ashes . We may yet hereto adde another notable mystery vpō this place , conforming it to the opinion of the Philosopher , who sayd : that of speeche , men are masters , but of silence , God onely is master . For Moyses , before he talked with god , spake well and freely enough : but so sooone as god spake to him , he became a stammerer . And Ieremy , speaking at the first very readily , god hauing spoken to him , he knew not how to shape a word . Euen as Daniel ( in the like manner ) became dumbe . Al which happened , because there is great difference , between our speaking to god , and our conferring with men . In our speaking to god , we learne to be silent , as may be discerned by those former alleadged examples . And in that to men , we learne nothing else but to talke onely . For he that among men talketh not , is held to be a melancholist , blamed for a Saturniste , reprooued with vnciuill conuersation , accused of vnmanlynesse , thought to be a clownish companion , and nothing meete to holde societye among men . Claudio . But the Apostles learned not like such men to be silent , for in regarde that they continually conuersed with Christ , by the meanes of him , they were made meet to receiue the holy ghost . VVhich not onely depriued them of all dumbnesse , or other impediment in theyr speeche , but , they being before rude men of tongue , it altered them to most expert and eloquent Oratours , yea , in euery kind of language . So that there was no Oratour or Philosopher , how learned or skilfull soeuer he was , that coulde equall or goe beyond them , or knew how to answere or conuince them in disputation . Therefore , that which Tyrantes coulde not attayne to , by despighting their tongues ; by rage , violence and cruell torture they compassed against them . Lodouico . They first of all learned to be silent , ere to speake , and obserued taciturnity , before speech : that therfore when they began to speake , they might the better deliuer any other language , then before that time they had vsed , and talk of another subiect then as yet they had dealt in . And as Ieremie in no one thing more shewed himself to be sanctified , and created a Prophet of the Lordes owne making , then by becomming like a child , depriued of his speech ; and euen at the very instant ( as a very child ) sayd to the Lord Ah , Ah , Ah. And as Daniel , in nothing else declared so manifestly , that God had spoken to him , as by his losse of speeche . And as Prince Moyses gaue no greater a signe of his talking with God , and of his being chosen for his Embassador , and guide to the people of Israell , then when suddenly he became stammering , and imperfect of tongue : Euen so the holy Apostles , in nothing else more apparantly witnessed , that they had receiued the holy ghost , then when by speaking in seuerall new languages , it shewed in them more vnusuall , then their first accustomed speeche was woont to doo . VVherein euidently may be discerned , that such as talke with God , doo either learne to hold their peace , or to speake otherwise then at the first they did ; The tongue being reformed , as in like manner the hart is reformed , and so consequently both life and conscience . For a good conscience and a wicked tongue , can neuer dwell together in one and the same habitation . He therfore that talketh with God , either wanteth words and is silent , or breaketh foorth into diuine discoursing , which is not our talking , but our silence , as we haue before sufficientlye prooued . And euen in as absolute manner may we say , that all they , which in such sort do conferre with God , they learne nothing else but to hold their peace , because this new language is not ours , but it commeth from God only . Non enim vos estis qui loquimini , sed Spiritus Patris vestri , qui loquitur in vobis . It is not you that speake , but the Spirit of your Father , which speaketh in you . Finis Cap. 21. The Argument . To the end , that in our discoursing we should not grow offensiue to God , it behooueth vs ( with deuout heartes ) to beg of him that he would purifie our minds , and purge our lippes . According as Dauid did , who prayed to the Lord , that he would open his mouth , to the end that he might woorthily praise him . And , without him , we cannot speake well , because he hath the keye of our mouth . Which is approoued by a sentence produced out of Esay , where he sayth , that Christ is the key of Dauid . He therewith openeth the mouth , and giueth not much of what we know to aske for , because we should require things correspondent to his greatnesse . Moreouer , not onely are the lippes opened therewith , but likewise the heart , the vnderstanding , the Scriptures , types and figures , yea , heauen it selfe , and the mouthes of the Saintes and Prophets : and without this keye , all things remaine shut vp , and euery mouth dumbe . Chap. 22. CLAVDIO . I hold it then most necessary , least that our manner of communing together , do fal out to be guilty of blame , and woorthy of reprehension : that we should imitate the blessed Apostles : who after they had gotten the sweete aspect of the humanity of Iesus Christ , by his glorious ascēsion vp to heauen , within few daies after , they published to the world the holy faith , manifesting to euery one , the redemption made by the pretious bloud of the Sonne of God , to banish idolatry , to illuminate the vnderstanding of Infidels , ouershadowed with the misty fogge of vnbeleefe , and by the extirpating of wicked vices , to sowe plentifully vertues all abroade . So all of them , returning deuoutly with the virgin Mary into a place of quiet , there , with fiery spirits , enflamed harts and earnest desires , they prayed to the Lord , that he would send them the promised holy ghost : which should fill them with sanctified zeale , and purifie their minds , disperse all cloudes of sin , make cleane their harts , purge their vnderstandings , and refine their lips with the burning fire of diuine loue . To the end , that their harts might not contriue , nor their lips deliuer one word , disagreeable to the honor of god , iniurious to themselues , or any way vnprofitable to their neighbour . In like manner , let vs beseech the holy ghost , that the tongue may not mooue , to minister a word , comming from an vncleane thought ; to the end our speech may be free from folly . But that , as they had the holy ghost , in the forme of fiery tongues ; ( Apparuerunt illis dispertitae linguae tanquam ignis , seditque supra singulos eorum : Et repleti sunt omnes Spiritu Sancto ; There appeared vnto them clouen tongues , like fire , and it sate vpon eache of them : And they were all filled with the holy Ghost . ) Euen so , that all our talke may be enflamed with christian charity . And for our better attayning herunto , let vs first haue recourse ( as the Apostles had ) to prayer : Erant omnes perseuerantes vnanimiter in oracione cum mulieribus , & Maria Maire Iesu , & fratribus eius . They al continued with one accord , in prayer & supplication with the women , and Mary the mother of Iesus , and with his brethren . Lodouico . The like did all the holy Fathers and Doctors : before they prepared themselues to their study , they would be priuate in their Oratories , where ( humbly on their knees ) they implored the help of heauen , in assistance of whatsoeuer they presently should vndertake . Which gaue such a blessing to all their labours , being both begun and ended in prayer , as they were able to resolue all doubtes , expound all difficulte places , and we ( from them ) to this day , haue the benefite of theyr sanctified trauayles . The same course also the Prophets obserued . Whereupon , Dauid , knowing how easily a man might break silence by vain words , desired the Lord to open his lippes . Domine labia mea aperies , & os meum annuntiabit laudem tuam . Open thou my lips O Lord , and my mouth shall shew foorth thy praise : to the end , that a holy touche of Gods own hand , might purifie his mouth , euen as if it were to another Ieremy . Claudio . Is there such a difficultie in opening of the mouth , as it must needs require the hand of God ? We reade ( notwithstanding your words ) that Dauid opened his own mouth . Os meum aperui , & attraxi spiritum ; I opened my mouth , and panted ; he was not then dumb neither had his lips so contracted , that he should need another to open his lips . On what occasion then should he desire the Lord , to open his lips ? Is the mouth a door lockt with a key , that Dauid of himself could not open it , or had the Lord the key of his mouth in keeping ? Lodouico . There needeth no question to be made , but that the mouth is after the manner of a gate , whereof the lips are as the very door . If the mouth were not the door of the hart , Dauid neuer wold haue sayd : Pone Domine custodiam orimeo , & ostium circumstantiae labijsmeis : Set a watch , O Lord , before my mouth , and keepe the doore of my lips . And his Son also would not haue sayd : Orituo facito ostia , & seras auribus tuis : Make a door and a bar , and a sure bridle for thy mouth . If then the mouth be the door of the hart , and the hart the Exchequer or treasury of whatsoeuer is pretious in man , and especially of life it selfe , as the wise man sayth ; Omni custodia serua cor tuum , quoniam ab ipso vita procedit ; Keep thine hart with all diligence , for therout commeth life : I should hould it very requisite , that the gate of such a pretious treasary , ought not to be free and set wide open to euery one , but rather , that a sound firme door shold be made before it , well lockt and lookt vnto , the key wherof the Lord only hath , and he alone gouerns it , as Salomon saith ; Domini est gubernare linguam ; The Lord is the gouernour of the tongue . When Dauid opened his mouth , it was because god had before opened it , or giuē him the key wherwith to open it , which caused him once to say : Dilata os tuum , & implebo illud . Open thy mouth wide and I wil fill it . The mouth of that man , wherof the Lord keeps not & guideth the key , remayns wide open , & al vncleannesse entring into it , it deliuers foorth much euil , & is the occasion of infinit disorders . Which made Dauid to compare it to a stinking graue , full of all filthinesse . Sepulchrum patens est guttur eorum , linguis suis dolose agebāt . Their throat is an open sepulcher , and they flatter with their tongue . And this ensueth , because the tongue is not kept , and lockt vp by the Lord : therfore it is not apt to speak wel , but to vtter foorth notorious blasphemies . The blessed Apostles , and al the holy Martyrs , who ouercame the bloudiest Tyrants with no mean amazemeut , by being most rare & eloquent Orators : Christ both opened & did shut their mouthes , saying to them . Ponite ergo in cordibus vestris non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis . Ego enim dabo vobis os , & sapientiam , cui non poterunt resistere omnes aduersarij vestri . Lay it vp therfore in your harts , that you premeditate not what you shall answer . For I will giue you a mouth , and wisedom , where-against all your aduersaries shal not be able to speake , nor resist . As if he would haue said . My sons , resolue with your selues , that when you come before Tyrants , you enter not into any premeditation , of what you shal answer them : for I wil mooue your tongues mith such wisedom , as your very greatest enemies shal remain confounded , so that they shal be no way able to answer you . Wherby may be clearly discerned , that God hath the key of the iust mans mouth . Therefore Saint Iohn the Euangelist , the Secretary to Christ , and profound searcher into celestiall secrets , writing by diuine commaundement to the Bishoppe of Philadelphia sayth . Et Angelo Philadelphiae ecclesiae scribe . Haec dicit Sanctus & verus , qui habet clauem Dauid , qui aperit , & nemo claudit , claudit , & nemo aperit . Aed write vnto the Angell of the Church which is of Philadelphia . These things sayth he that is Holy and True , which hath the key of Dauid , which openeth , and no man shutteth , and shutteth , and no man openeth . If God haue the key of Dauid , it was no maruell then if he desired the Lord , that he would open his mouth , to the end he might speak without breach of silence . Domine labia mea aperies . The lord likewise vouchsafe ( in his mercy ) to open our mouthes , to the end we may speak woorthily of him , and then our talk shall neuer break silence . Claudio . In search and research of the whole history of Dauid , I could neuer yet find that he had any such key . Lodouico . The mystery must be sought , where the letter hath not the sense . Some do expoūd , that this key is the fulnesse of the knowledge and wisedom of Christ . Aimonius saith , that this key is the incarnation of the word , which ( as concerning the humanity ) had originall from Dauid , to whom by especiall prerogatiue it was giuen , to know the mystery of the incarnation . Helimanus sayth , that this key is the grace of wisedome , arising from Christ the fountain of wisedome . Others doo affirme , that this keye signifieth the Prelacy and office pastorall , which by soundnesse of doctrine , accompanied with good example of life , opens heauen to the godly ; And contrariwise , by ignorance & lewd course of life , opēs hel both to the wicked and to themselues . Others woulde haue it , to bee the power of binding and loosing , accompanied bothe with knowledge and order . Others would haue it to be christ himselfe , who ( as God ) here openeth the hart to holy inspirations , the vnderstanding to beleefe , the will to loue , and Paradise to reigne in . All which are to be gotten by this key , with endlesse sweating , innumerable sufferings , teares of bloud , and infamous death . Data est mihi omnis potestas in coelo , & in terra . All power is giuen vnto me in heauen , and in earth . And perhaps it was of this key , the Prophet Esay spake to Eliacim the Priest , saying . Dabo clauem domus Dauid super humerum eius : And the key of the house of Dauid wil I lay vpon his shoulders . Claudio . What keye is so heauy and ponderous , as need shoulde require to lay it on a mans shoulder ? A keye is vsually caried fastened to the girdle , or hid in ones pocket , purse , bosome , or carried in the hand , not on the shoulder . And so much the rather doo I vrge this question , because , that the fulnesse of the wisedome of Christe , nor the incarnation of the word , nor the grace of wisdome , nor the office of Prelacie , nor the power of binding or loosing nor Christe himself is a weight so burdenous as to be caried on the shoulders of a man. Lodouico . And yet it is so . What greater burthen is there I pray you , then that of the Prelate ? who ought to watch with Argus eyes , and haue a vigilant care of his beloued flock , making spare of no toyle or discommodity whatsoeuer . Sometimes ought he to feed them with the blessed sacraments , then with the foode of healthfull doctrine . Now must he entice them with celestiall promises , thē againe threaten them with eternall paines . Sometimes must he go before them in holinesse of life , and vertuous examples : then againe ought he to follow them , with the knotted staffe of repentance . Now must he comfort them with sweetest speeches , then terrifie them with rough and stearne reprehensions . And euen , as if he trauailed with them , like as a mother dooth with her burthen , and afterward had brought them foorth : so should he hugge them in his bosome , hauing the selfe same loue and respect towards them , as a mother hath of her deer esteemed Sonne , and of them , as of himselfe , and for them , as for himselfe , for rendring of his account in the day of latest iudgement , before the highest sheepheard and cheefest Prelate of all , euen God himselfe . And do you think ( my Lord ) that this loade lies lightly vpon the Churchmās shoulders ? No lesse painefull and greeuous is the power of binding & loosing , because he to whom such a charge is commitred , may ( by his own ignorance ) loose both his own , and all the soules committed vnder his cure . As contrary wise , by his wisedom , learning and christiā prouidence , he may also be the meanes to preserue both them and himselfe . The fulnesse of grace in Christ Iesus , beside that it is the key , and beginning of our saluation , because thereby the prophecies were fulfilled , types and figures finished , sins cancelled , faults pardoned , grace receiued , hell closed , heauen opened , Moyses lawes concluded , and the Gospell declared : So , was it not a most painfull burthen vnto Christ ( according to the power of flesh & bloud ) to accōplish so much in himselfe , and to be the onely Captaine of so signall a victory ? Christ himself , who alone here vpon earth did open heauen , is this key of Dauid ; according to his humanity , descēding from the honorable & royal stock of Dauid . A key very weighty to weak sēse , marueilous burthenous to the diuel , a great load to the Gentiles , and of infinite poise to the perfidious Iewes . Christ truely is that key , and the hould fast or handle to this keye , was his glorious Crosse made . Because thereon hee woulde open the adamantine gates of heauen . VVherefore , speaking of himselfe , he sayde . Oportes exaltari filium hominis : vt omnis qui credit in ipso , non pereat , sed habeat vitam aeternam . So must the sonne of man be lift vp : That whosoeuer beleeueth in him , shoulde not perish , but haue euerlasting life . Before the death of Christ , through the lack of this key handle the Crosse ( which with disgrace ) he afterward bare , for our honour and eternall saluation ) heauen was continually shut vp , by reason of the auncient enmity between God and man. Wherupon , euery one , and very iustly too , should ( whether he would or no ) haue descended into the darke dungeon of the infernall parts . But no sooner was the key , Christ , fastened to the handle of his Crosse , but immediately heauen opened . And , as a signe of the then present opening , at the very same houre that Christ dyed , he sayd to the good theefe : Hodie mecum eris in paradiso : This day thou shalt be with mee in paradise . Many would gladly haue entred Paradise before , but they cold neuer compasse it , because this key was wanting to them . Whereupon , in regard the gate was adamantine , impearceable , or else very strictly shut vp : they desired , either that the walles of heauen might be broken , or that he would descend to them vpon earth : Vtinam dirumperes coelos , & descenderes . Oh that thou wouldest break the heauens , and come downe . Or that he would send the Lamb , which might appease the Godheades displeasure , that peace beeing obtayned , heauen might bee opened . Emitte Agnum Domine dominatorem terrae . Stay a little while , sayth God , and then I will quickly send you the key . Dabo clauem domus Dauid super humerum eius , & aperiet , & non erit qui claudat . So shal you enter in at the doore as friends , and not climb ouer the walles like theeues . Claudio . But wherfore is Christ called the key of Dauid , if Dauid neuer gaue him any key ? Lodouico . Do you not know ( my Lord ) that the fortresses , placed at our vtmost confines , are commonly called the keyes of this kingdome , because they are seated in the beginning of the dominion . And they being surprized , the whole kingdome is easily taken , either by besieging , or by strength of armes , because they are the originall , doors and keys of the kingdome ? So Christ is called the key of Dauid , because he is the originall of Dauid , as concerning his diuinity , yet descēdeth of Dauid , according to his humanity : Ex semine Dauid secundum carnem : Of the seede of Dauid , according to the flesh . And euen ( as with a key ) is shut and made fast the door of a house : So , no one of the Prophets , being lockt vp neuer so fast , opens better to our vnderstanding , and reueales the mystery of the incarnatiō , like vnto Dauid ; To whom god ( by an oath ) promised the Messias . Iurauit Dominus Dauid veritatem , & non frustrabitur eum ; De fructu ventris tui ponam super sedem tuā . The Lord hath sworne in truth vnto Dauid , and he will not shrink from it : Of the fruite of thy body wil I set vpon thy throne . Before the eternall father sent this key into the world , and long ere the Iewes prepared the Crosse , all the gates whatsoeuer were fast lockt vp . That of heauen : Nemo ascendit in coelum , nisi qui descendit de coelo . No man ascendeth vp to heauen , but he that hath descended frō heauen . That of terrestriall Paradise , kept by the Angel with a fiery sword : Collocauit ante paradisum voluptatis Cherubim , & flammeum gladium atque versatilem , ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae . At the East-side of the Garden of Eden , he set the Cherubims , and the blade of a sword shaken to keep the way of the tree of life . That of diuine mysteries ; Omnia in figura contingebant illis : Al these things came vnto them for examples . That of the sense of sacred scripture : Quomodo possum intelligere nisi aliquis ostenderit mihi ? How can I vnderstand , except I had a guide ? That of the maruails of God : Non intellexerunt opera Domini : They vnderstood not the works of the Lord. That of the Prophets mouthes : Ah. Ah. Ah. Domine ecce necscio loqui . Ah. Ah. Ah. Lord I cannot speak . Domine labia mea aperies : Open thou , O Lord , my lips . Et ecce erts tacens , & non poteris loqui : And behold thou shalt be dumb , and not able to speak . That of the Tabernacle with the vaile : Prima die mensis primi , eriges tabernaculum testimonij . Et pones in eo arcam , dimittesque ante illam velum . The first day of the first moneth , thou shalt set vp the Tabernacle , called the Tabernacle of the Cōgregatiō . And thou shalt put therin the Arke of the Testimony , and couer the Arke with the vaile . But Christ being come , and the key handle of his Crosse fastened to him ; euen like the opening of a lock , so were all things presently opened and dissolued . Foorthwith rent in two parts the vaile of the Temple : Velum templi scissum est in duas partes , à summo vsque deorsum . And hehold the vaile of the Temple rent in twane , from the top to the bottome . The Prophets mouthes opened : Apertum est illicò os Zachariae , & Prophetauit . And his mouth was opened immediatly , and he prophecied . The scriptures were opened and declared : Tunc aperuit illis sensū , vt intelligerent scripturas : Then opened he their vnderstanding , that they might vnderstand the Scriptures . Christs side opened : Lancea latus eius aperuit : A speare opened his side . The graues & monuments opened : Et monumenta aperta sunt : And the graues opened themselues . Their eyes were opened : Aperti sunt oculi eorum . Heauen it selfe opened : Apertum est coelum . Yea , the mouthes of men and women were opened , euery one spake . The blessed virgine Mary spake , and sung with a cheerefull voice : Magnificat anima mea Dominum : My soule magnifieth the Lord. The simple sheepheards spake : Pastores loquebantur ad inuicem : The Sheepheards sayd one to another , &c. The wise men spake : Vbi est qui natus est rex Iudaeorū ? Where is the king of the Iewes that isborne ? The rude and vnskilfull Apostles , who scantly before knew the characters of the Hebrew tongue , became such perfect Orators , as no one could go beyond them in al kind of languages : Loquebantur varijs linguis Apostoli . And S. Iohn , who before was accounted as ignorant ; Nescitis quid petatis , spake then so loude , as that great doctor of the church S. Augustin , could not imagin how to vnderstand the true sense of his high words : Quid autem Sacramenti haberet , verbum caro factum est , nec suspicari quidem poterat . This key opened the eyes to the blind , the eares to the deaffe , the tongues to the dumb , the vnderstanding to the simple , and heauen to the iust . VVhen the handle of the Crosse was fastened to this keye , it grew so great , as then it could not be caried but vpon the shoulders : Supra dorsum meum fabricauerunt peccatores : The plowers plowed vpon my back . Yea , it became so weighty , as it needed the help of Simon Sirenus . And because this key is caried by some , as tyed to their girdles , or about their necks , or in their pockets , as your Lordship hath already sayd : Let me tel you that they are such kind of men , as wil not know the weightinesse of the lawe of christ : but rather doo adorne themselues with it , as if it were with a key of gould , thinking it enough to gloryfie themselues , with the very bare name of being Christians . Others doo beare it about in their pockets , and they are such weake faint harted cowards , as feare in presence of the Churches enemies , to be known for true christians and seruants to their Master . Hereupon , they hide this key so much as they can , neuer shewing any signe of christianity at al. Therfore did Dauid desire this key , & with it , that God would open his lips , least otherwise he should break silence , euen according as it opened the Apostles mouthes ; Dabo vobis os & sapientiam . And before he had this key , he lamented that he was dumbe : Ego autem tanquam surdus non audiebam , & sicut mutus non aperiens os suum : I as a deaffe man heard not , and as a dumb man which openeth not his mouth . Then with a deuout hart , he prayed the Lord to open his lippes ; Domine labia mea aperies : And God instantly opened it , when he sayd ; Dilata os tuum , & implebo illud . It was opened and filled with the heauenly spirit . Os meum aperui , & attraxi spiritum , quia mandata a tua desiderabam : I opened my mouth and panted , because I loued thy commaundements . And this came to him with such a gladnesse and spirituall reioycing , as all his life time afterward , he did nothing but sing sweete Songs , whereon he vaunted to his friends , Et immisit in os meum canticum nouum , carmen Deo nostro : And he hath put in my mouth a new Song of praise vnto our God. Claudio . How is it possible to put words into the mouth ? What , do you count them like to receiued morselles ? But admit they may be cramd into the mouth , had it not as well sufficed , if the Lord had sayd to Dauid ; Open thy mouth , as to say Enlarge thy mouth ? A great morsell is required for the mouth , if it must needs be enlarged so wide . Lodouico . Haue you neuer heard in disputation , that the Master ( to supply the ignorance and weaknesse of his Scholler ) in commaunding him to open his vnderstanding , winnes occasion thereby to haue himselfe answered ? In such a case we vse to say , that the master puts the words into his schollers mouth . So the lord commanding our vnderstanding to open , and illuminating the will , administers the words therby , & giues occasion of speaking woorthily without error . Which made him say to Dauid ; Intellectum tibi dabo . And to the Apostles he sayd . Ponite in cordibus vestris nō praemeditari quē admodum respondeatis . Ego enim dabo vobis os , & sapiētiam , cui non poterunt resistere omnes aduersarii vestri . Lay it vp therefore in your hearts , that ye premeditate not what ye shall answere . For I will giue you a mouth , & wisedome , where against all your aduersaries shall not be able to speake , nor resist : this is called the putting of wordes into the mouth . Claudio . But what say you then , to the so wide opening or enlarging of the mouth : because that Dilatare , idem est quod multum latare : in regard some great morsell was to be put into the mouth ? Lodouico . To speake vprightly ; Dilata os tuum & implebo , according to the interpretation of the reuerend and learne Caietanus , importeth thus much . Aske what thou wilt , that I may giue it thee . Is not this a morsell beyond comparison ? And Dauid , knowing the greatnesse of the Godhead , would aske nothing of little moment , but euen a matter most great and important , answerable to the maiesty of him , of whom hee was to require it . Whereupon he said . Miserere mei Deus , secundum magnam misericordiam tuam . Haue mercy vpon me O God , according to the multitude of thy mercies . Implying thus much on Dauids behalfe , and euen as if hee had thus minded to say . Lord , I haue required of thee , that thou wouldst open my lippes . Thou hast ( I thanke thee ) opened them , and in the opening , hast further sayd vnto me ; Opē thy mouth also , & demaund of me whatsoeuer thou wilt . I being a sinner , and ( in some measure ) considerate of the infinite power and maiestie of thy person : will require no children of thee , as Sara and Abraham did : Nor foode to eate , like the murmuring Hebrew people in the desert : Nor death , as Elias did vnder the Iuniper tree : Nor long life , with Haman of Siro : Nor the reward of good labour , as Peter did : Nor a temporall kingdome , like vnto Iames and Iohn . But I desire a thing correspondent to thine owne greatnesse , to wit , that thou wouldst giue me thy grace , pardon me my sinnes , cancell my foule abusings of thee , forget my weaknesses , and take compassion on my miseries , euen according to the immeasurable bountie of thy mercies . This I aske , this I desire , and this ( with all my heart ) most humbly I sue for : Miserere mei Deus , secundum magnam misericordiam tuam . In this manner also ought we to open our lippes , because such a request is highly pleasing to God , and without any perill of breaking silence . Let vs pray then vnto the Lord , that he would open our vnstanding , mooue the will , guide our tongue , and rule our lippes in speaking rightly : to aske nothing else , but what may be to gods glory , our owne soules health , and our neighbours benefit . Domine labia mea aperies . Let vs hartily pray vnto him , to giue vs such things , as are answerable to his high magnificence , agreeable to his glorious maiesty : And not things worldly or momentary , because in such requests , we should offer high preiudice , and wrong to his wondrous bounty . Claudio . Let me tell you , my good Lord , that if magnanimous and great persons , haue giuen more liberall giftes then haue been asked of them : by how much god exceedeth them in power & omnipotencie , by so much the more ought our petitions to bee answerable in conformitie . Perillus , a friend to Alexander the great , required money of him toward the mariage of his daughter , and Alexander gaue him fifty talents . But Perillus dutifully made refusall of them , deliuering acceptation but of ten talents onely , and answered ; That they onely were sufficient for him ; whereto Alexander replyed : Ten may be sufficient for thee to aske , but not enough for Alexander to giue . If Alexander had such bounty and largesse in him , being but dust and ashes : how much more , in liberalitie , will the greatest god enlarge his graces , to his sonnes and seruants ? Lodouico . Why then , euen in as sound reason , as god said vnto Dauid ; Dilata os tuum , & implebo illud : may we in humilitie pray vnto him ; That he would purifie our vncleane lippes , and purge our hearts of wicked thoughts and al vnmeete desires , that no vaine cogitations may bee there contriued , nor hurtfull speeches from our mouthes deliuered . Finis Cap. 22. The Argument . That aboundance of words ( without wisedome ) is not called eloquence , but loquacity or babling . Therfore our words ought first to be brought to the file , ere to the tongue , to auoide the errour of our folly in speaking . Therefore we should pray vnto the Lord , that it would please him to open our mouthes , and fill them with the holy spirit of wisedome , vsing euery morning duely , some especiall godly prayer , meete for such a purpose . And because Intus existens Prohibet extraneum ; we cannot be capable of the blessed spirit , except we first euacuate our owne proper spirit , which is the occasion of infinite defects . We must know , that there are not so many letters in the Alphabet , as are the errours hourely committed by the tongue , that is not skild rightly in speaking of God. Heerein likewise is declared , what that race or stocke is , whereof the wise man speaketh , who haue in steed of teeth sharpe swoords . Also , what wisedome is , according to the Philosophers , Peripatetikes , Stoickes & Diuines , with many other memorable matters beside . Chap. 23. CLAVDIO . An excellent prayer is that vsed by the Church , entreating the eternall father , that hee wold send his holy spirit , to purifie our hearts , to the end , that we may worthily loue and praise him . And this ought we euery morning ( rising out of our beds ) to vse , for passage of the whole day after , without staine of sinne , which is ouer-easie to bee committed by the vnprepared heart and slippery tongue . Deus , cui omne cor patet , & omnis voluntas loquitur , & quem nullum latet secretum : Purifica , per infusionem Spiritus sancti , corda nostra , vt te perfectè diligere , & dignè laudare mereamus . Amen . O God to whom al hearts are open , al desires knowen , and from whom no secrets can be concealed : Cleanse the thoughts of our hearts , by the inspiration of the holy ghost , that we may perfectly loue thee , & worthily magnify thee . Amen . Lodouico . A notable prayer , and very meete , to entreate of God the cleansing of our hearts , the puritie of our mindes , and sanctification of our words : to the end , that wee in speaking might not break silence , but rather that God may do it thē we , in speaking by the organe of our tongue . Wherefore Church-men , in the beginning of their seruice both morning and euening , doe desire the Lord to deigne and vouchsafe the opening of their lippes , and sanctifying of their words : Domine labia mea aperies , & os meum annuntiabit laudem tuam . And adioyne thereto immediatly following , as calling for the diuine assistance , without which , no good action can be performed : Deus in adiutorium meum intende , Domine ad adiuuandum me festina . Claudio . Let vs pray then to the blessed spirit , that he would open our lippes , to the end our prayers may be acceptable to God : because without him , all our speeches doe breake silence , and our prayers are vngracious , and not worthy to enter his diuine eares , according as the Church obserueth : Sine quo cassae creduntur preces , & indignae Deiauribus . Lodouico . The Organe will neuer sound , if the register bee shut , but the register being opened , whereat the winde enters & touches the keyes , the Organe foorthwith soundeth . So let vs open the register of the will , and we shall finde no hindrance to the winde of the holy ghost , but presently the sound of our wordes will bee heard , euen like a most sweet song , and acceptable to god . Whereon that happy and cheerefull aduenturous soule , spake in such wise , to make way for the hearing of her beloueds voyce : Sonet vox tua in auribus meis , vox enim tua dulcis : Let me heare thy voice , for thy voice is sweet . Claudio . I cannot but allow of your counsell , therefore of the iust man it is written in Ecclesiasticus . In medio Ecclesiae aperiet os eius , & implebit eum Dominus spiritu sapientiae & intellectus , & stolae gloriae vestiet illum . Iucunditatem , & exaltationem the saurizabit super illum , & nomine aeterno haereditabit illum . In the middes of the congregation shall she open his mouth , with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding shall she fil him , and cloath him with the garment of glorie . She shall cause him to inherite ioy , and the crowne of gladnesse , & an euerlasting name . It behooues him to open his mouth , that will haue such a sacred morsell , and he must first request , that is desirous to receiue . Therefore let vs giue attendaunce vpon God , that hee may open our mouthes , and then to begge humbly of him what wee would haue ; not because he is ignoraunt of our necessityes , but for the exercise of our humilitie . Lodouico . Into a mouth fast closed , there can no foode enter . Claudio . He that will giue , and he that will receiue , must of necessity open both their handes , the one to giue , the other to receiue . If he that giueth , doth not open his hand , he that would receiue shall finde iust nothing . And in like manner , if he that receiueth , do keep his hand close , in vaine doth hee open that offers to giue him . If god would bestowe his grace vpon vs , and we keep our hearts shut vp by sinne , in vaine doth he bestowe that labour . And if we desire god with open mouth , to graunt vs his grace , and god finde reason to the contrary , our time spent in asking is to no purpose . It behooueth therefore , that both the one and other , the giuer and receiuer , and the receiuer and giuer , should both of them open their hands . Let vs open our mouthes , that god may open his hand , to make vs partakers of his heauenly fauours . Christ opened his mouth ; Aperiens Iesus os suum : but it was to giue . The Apostles opened their mouthes , but it was to receiue . Aperiens Petrus os suum : Peter opened his mouth . Os nostrum patet ad vos ô Corinthii ; O Corrinthians , our mouth is open vnto you . Aperiens autem Philippus os suum ; Then Philip opened his mouth . Et repleti sunt omnes spiritu sancto ; And they were all filled with the holy ghost . Christ opened his mouth , but to teach : Docebat eos . The Apostles also opened their mouthes , but to learne : Repleti sunt omnes spiritu sancto , & caeperunt lo qui vartis linguis , And they began to speake with other tongues . They were filled with the spirit , because Christ in opening his mouth , breathed the holy spirit vpon them . Et insuffla●it in eos , & dixit eis , Accipite spiritum sanctum : He breathed on them , and said vnto them ; Receiue the holy Ghost . The same likewise doth he confirme to euery iust man : In medio ecclesiae aperiet os eius , & implebit illum Dominus spiritu sapientiae , & intellectus , &c. Often times on the Sea shoares , are found certaine fish shelles , which at the rising of the Sunne in the East , doe open of themselues , hauing a kinde of celestiall licquor congealed within them , which prooues to be pearles and precious stones . Euery iust man may bee tearmed this fish shell , left on the spatious shoare of this trauailing world , but yet shut fast together , as sequestred from the wicked and vngodly : At the rising of Christ ( the true Sonne of this whole vniuerse ) in the heauen of his comforted soule , hee will open by obedience , and hee hauing filled with the licquor of eternall wisedome , shall afterward make him to be like to the pretious Margarite , shining in the faire palace of the militant Church . But then last of all , he shall glister much more brightly , in the heauenlie Court of neuer ceasing glorie ; Et stola gloriae vestiet illum . Lodouico . If the Lord shall thus fill him with his spirit , it behooueth , that hee be first quite emptie of his owne spirit . Because , when a vessell is full of one licquor , it is not capable of receiuing an other . For , as the Philosopher saith ; Intus existens prohibet extraneum , and an other iuyce being to be put in , the other must bee first euacuated . Claudio . Most certaine is it , that the iust man first expelleth his owne spirit , and then the Lord filleth him with his diuine spirit . This doth Dauid affirme in one of his Psalmes , when he saith . Auferes spiritum eorum , & deficient , & in puluerem suum reuertentur . Emitte spiritum tuum , & creabuntur , & renouabis faciemterrae . If thou take away their breath , they dy and returne to their dust . Againe , if thou send foorth thy spirit , they are created , and thou renewest the face of the earth . As if he would haue said . Lord , if thou take away their spirit , they shall want their owne ability : but by increasing thine in them , they shall finde , that they were but dust and ashes . Because , by grace thou hast euacuated their proper will , singular sense , and priuate affection , which giues them now to know both their own frailtie , & how much they were subiected to misery . But , by sending thy sanctified spirit into them , thou hast created a new man within them , formed according to thine owne diuine will. Induimini nouum hominem , qui secundum Deum creatus est in iustitia , & sanctitate veritatis . Put on the new man , which after God is created in righteousnes , and true holinesse . The iust man , being filled with this spirit , speakes holy wordes , deliuers heauenly doctrine , frames arguments of truth , and grounded altogether vpon gods worde . Eructauit cor meum verbum bonum ; My heart will vtter foorth a good matter . And as a glasse being full , with a very little turning aside , doth emptie some part of the licquor contained in it : Euen so the iust man , with the least breath of an ardent sigh , sendes foorth part of his grace receiued , vnto vs , making vs partakers of his inward blessings : and so by the vertue of his good spirit , he purgeth and dryeth vp the watrishnesse of our sinne , so much as in him lyeth . Lodouico . How can this doctrine holde ? If winde be of a colde and moiste qualitie , then it hath no drying vertue , if we doe presse it according to the letter . I speake not this to gaine-say you , but rather to learne . Claudio . Aristotle the Prince of the Peripatecians , in his twentie seauenth Probleme , and fift particle , going about to search , by what occasion the winde , being of qualitie colde and moiste , hath yet notwithstanding a drying vertue , answers him selfe thus . Because it takes away and euaporates the part more colde . As if he would say . The winde is of a temperate coldnesse and humiditie , therefore it makes the part more colde and moiste to euaporate it selfe , as meaning thereby mudde and water . The holy ghost is called a spirit , and winde : Tanquam spiritus vehem●●tis : As of a rushing and mighty winde . Veni Auster , perfla hortum meum , & fluent aromata illius : Arise O North , and come O South , and blowe on my garden , that the spices thereof may flowe out● because it cooleth the heate of carnall concupiscences . Therefore the Angell speaking of this spirit to the virgin Marie , said . Spiritus sanctus superveniet in te , & virtus altissimi obumbrabit tibi . The holy ghost shall come vpon thee , and the power of the most High shall ●uershadow thee . This shadowing is expounded by almost all the doctours , that it signifyeth , The taking away of all lasciuious or carnall affections , and purgeth euerie loose concupiscence . When therefore the holy spirit bloweth on the minde of him , that listens to the woord of God , it causeth to euaporate and vanish ( by his expulsiue vertue ) the excessiue coldenesse of sinne , which is of such chilnesse , as it freezeth vp the heate of all charitie . So euacuating this colde , it disposeth the soule to quietnesse , and to lend attention to the holy doctryne of Christ . For Saint Iohn Chrysostome saith , That , as it is not possible for the earth to fructifie by water only , without winde : Euen so as impossible is it , that the Doctrine of the iust , ( which is as the water celestiall , & they like pregnant cloudes ; Qui sunt isti , qui vt nubes volant ? What are these , that fly like a cloude ) that they ( I say ) should cause any fruite to growe in the ground of our soules , without the sweet breathing winde of the holy ghost ; which of it selfe disposeth mens hearts to the hearing of gods word , and makes them to bloome forth , after the manner of the earth . Euen as when Zephirus sends his kindely blastes abroad in the month of March , according to the Poet Mantuans description . The iust man therefore opens his mouth , in the middes of the people , and the Lord filleth it with the diuine spirit of wisedome , and from hence proceede infinite good fruites , to the soules of his hearers . According as from the Apostle Peter it did , who at the very first Sermon he made , conuerted to the faith of Iesus Christ , three thousand persons , or thereabout , as is to be read in the Actes of the Apostles , the second Chapter . Lodouico . Yet by your licence ( my Lord ) it is necessary for vs to know , what wisedome is : so much the rather , because , according to the Prince of Latine Oratorie , It is most expedient in an Oratour , who without wisedome , is tearmed ignorant , and his full tide of speech is called loquacity , not eloquence . Whereupon , being once demaunded , what eloquence was , he answered : Nihil est aliud eloquentia , nisi copiose loquens sapientia . Claudio . Iob maketh a long discourse of wisedome , searching where it should be , and what it was . Finally , after a long repetition of sententious wordes , and a very large inuestigation of them , he concludes . That God onely knoweth what it is . And he reuealing the same vnto man , sayth ; That wisedome is nothing else , but the feare of the Lord. Et dixit homini : Ecce timor Domini , ipsa est sapientia , & recedere a malo , intelligentia . And vnto man he said : Behold the feare of the Lord is wisedome , and to depart from euill is vnde standing . And Dauid sayth : Initium sapientiae timor Domini : The beginning of wisedome , is the feare of the Lord. The Peripatecians vsed to say . That wisedome is an intellectuall vertue , and , by the highest and most noble causes , makes thinges to be knowen . Whereupon , in the sixt booke of Ethickes , the sixt Chapter , and in the first of Metaphysickes , the first Chapter , defyning a wise man , Aristotle saith . Sapiens est qui scit omnia difficilia propter certitudinem & causam ; ipsum scire propter se quaerens , & alios ordinans , & persuadens . And a little after he saith ; That the wise man ought to be knowen , not onely by the cause , but also by the highnesse of the the cause . According to the Stoickes , and moral Philosophers , such perhaps as were Seneca , Socrates and Boetius : wisedome is taken for none other , But a masse or a heape of morall vertues , which make a man to be vertuous . Therefore according to this kinde of wisedome , Seneca sayth in his booke of the tranquillitie of the minde ; That to a wise man there can happen no iniury or offence at all , to molest the felicity of his minde , which ( in the Stoicks opinion ) ought to bee imperturbable , and his heart adamantine . But according to the sacred Theologians or diuines , Wisedome is a gift supernaturally infused , whereby a man hath cognition of diuine things , and of humane , by diuine and spirituall inspiration , or by some especiall gratious vicinity to God. And because there is none more neerer vnto God , then the innocent man , so cleane ( as possible he may be ) from the foule staines of sinne , who ( by such innocencie ) is made apt to vnderstand the secrets diuine : therefore sayd Iob , that wisedome is nothing else , but the feare of God , and the cancelling of sinne : but yet inchoatiue , as Dauid saith , Initium sapientiae timor domini . Lodouico . Let vs then cheerefully open our mouthes , and desire of God , that he would fill them with this spirit of wisedome , so necessarie to our owne soules health , and the good of our neighbour . Claudio . He that partaketh not with this spirit , his tongue is like a sharpe swoord , his lippes as offensiue weapons , his teeth are like arrowes , his mouth a most noysome sepulcher , his palate full of maledictions , his heart of deceipts , and his wordes are enuenomed dartes . Hence grewe Dauids speeches , that they neuer ceased from speaking euill . Dixit enim in corde suo : Non mouebor à generatione in generationem , sine malo . Cuius maledictione os plenum est , & amaritudine & dolo : sub lingua eius labor & dolor . He sayth in his heart : I shall neuer be mooued , nor be in daunger . His mouth is full of cursing , and deceipt , and fraude ; vnder his tongue is mischiefe and iniquitie . Lodouico . Perhaps such as these , are they , of whose stirpe , Salomon speaking in his Prouerbes , sayth : Est generatio , quae pro dent ibus gladios habet . There is a generation , whose teeth are as swoordes . Because the wicked tongue , is after the manner of a swoord , alwayes cutting . It cuttes our neighbours good fame , diuides , separates and teares in peeces the honour of others . Wherof the diuine Musition speaking , agrees almost with Salomon his sonne . Filii hominum , dentes eorum arma & sagitiae , & lingua eorum gladius acutus . The children of men whose teeth are speares and arrowes , and their tongue a sharpe swoord . As if he would haue sayd , according to the interpretation of Caietanus . Such are the sonnes of Adam , who haue their teeth like launces , which are wont to offend neere at hand , and as arrowes , to wound afarre off , and their tongue is a sharpe swoord , to doe harme on all aduauntages . And needes must it bee so , because the tongue that is not guided by God , and the mouth not opened by the Lords owne hand : can pronounce nothing but blasphemies and cursings , euen like vnto an infernall tongue , directed by the diuell . Therefore , looke howsoeuer it speakes , it cannot but commit mortall sinne . Sometime by false imposition of infamy . Sometime by vaunting of a vile acte performed , which ( notwithstanding ) he neuer did . Sometime by making large addition to other mens offences , and conuerting a small sticke , to a huge big beame . Sometime in reuealing ( contrary to charitie ) other mens hidden infirmities , to make our poore neighbour infamous among many . Sometime by peruerting others intentions , iudging sinisterly of mens hearts ; calling fasting , couetousnesse ; praying , hypocrisie , and all other good actions whatsoeuer , thinking them to be done to euill purpose . Sometime in denying the truth , when being demaunded , concerning other mens good deedes : wee answere slaunderously of them , to the end that no good account may be made of them . Sometime in concealing the good of others , wherewith , though wee bee truely acquainted : yet we continue silent , being asked : onely because that those goods should neuer be knowen of , nor any successe to the right owner ensue by them . This cruell silence , Gilbertus Porre tanus calleth pilling , polling or extortion . Grauis rapacitas , cùm veram alterius gloriam , etsi mendacio non corrumpis , silentio praeteris , Liu●r enim excellentiam propriam sēper cogitans , alienam obscurat . Sometime in composing infamous lynes , verses or songs vpon other mens concealed sinnes , or speaking like an impostor on them . Sometime in reporting others disgraces for a truth , being onely but suspected , and neuer in any force , yet this is done eyther for hate or enuie . Sometime in shewing truely the defectes of others , and accusing them thereof ; yet not for any zeale to iustice , nor because ( being corrected ) they might be amended , or to any other vertuous end : but only in meere hatred , and to make them generally receiued for infamous . Sometime by shewing ( very ioyfully ) and recounting in the height of pleasure , the errors of other men : onely to make but floutes and scornes of them . Sometime in giuing commendation , that others defamations should bee blazed abroad , and taking great delight in the publication of them , inuiting others to giue them attention . Sometime in blaspheming and detracting the honour dyuine : with an hundred , nay , a thousand other ennormous offences . Nor are there so many letters in the Alphabet , as the tongue daylie deliuers abuses , in diuers and sundry kindes of sinning , and yet no account at all is made thereof . God therefore ( of his goodnesse ) alwaies open our mouthes , to the end we may not in such grieuous manner , offend thereby both him and our neighbour . Claudio . The greater part of the world ( we see ) doe runne into these defects of the tongue . But if first of all , they would consider on their owne wordes , ere they spake them , and poize them before in the ballance of iustice , they would not fall into so many offences . Lodouico . As a remedy for this great defect , wee ought to followe the counsell , which the great doctour of the Church Saint Ierome giues vs : Prius ad limam quàm ad linguam verba veniant : as if he would haue said . If a man before he speake , would conduce the wordes which hee hath to vtter , first to the file or touch , ere to the tongue , as considering whether they were worthy or no , to come foorth of his breast , whether they be to the dishonour of god , or vnchristian preiudice of our neighbour : no error at all should be cōmitted . Because all those speeches which may otherwise proue superfluous , wold thus be abated , & our words would be much more corrected and adorned . Now in regard that our weaknesse is very great , and ( without the diuine assistance ) all humane diligence is meerly but in vaine : let vs doe as we haue already said , the blessed Apostles did , that is , Let vs retyre into the secret closet of our harts , and desire the Lord , to send vs his sanctified Spirit : which puryfying the heart , examining the thoughts , ruling the tongue , moouing the lippes , and procuring passage of our words , all will bee well ; Otherwise , neuer can the tongue pronounce one onely word , except the heart be first made cleane . For Saint Paul the Apostle saith , that without the diuine helpe , we cannot so much as thinke one good thought , of our selues . Non quòd sufficientes simus cogitare aliquid à nobis , quasi ex nobis , sed sufficientia nostra ex Deo est . Not that we are sufficient of our selues , to think any thing as of our selues : but our sufficiency is of God. It behooueth therefore , that God doe first of all speake in our hearts , and then we may afterward speak the better to others . Not of our owne proper will , or after our owne peculiar conceipt ; but as learning of that , first spoken by God him selfe in our hearts . So shall it not be we , that speake , but God , who speaketh by our meanes , and so shall we be sure not to breake silence . Non enim vos estis qui loquimini , sed spiritus patris vestri qui loquitur in vobis . For it is not yee that speake , but the spirit of your Father which speaketh in you . This is that whereof God spake by the Prophet Ose , speaking to our soule : Ducam illam in solitudinem , & loquar ad cor eius : I will bring her into the wildernesse and speake vnto her heart . As if God would haue said to the soule of a deuout christian ; To the end that the soule of my deare and deuout sonne , may not erre in talking , nor scandalize the conne●sation of others : I will leade her into the secret desert of holy contemplation , & there I wil do her so much fauour , as to reueale vnto her the secrets of mine own heart , speaking in a silent voice to her heart . But yet in such sort , as when she her selfe by the sound of her voyce would speake to others , it shall not be of such mysteries , as she goes about thinking on , or what words she shall vse , nor of the things she is to speake of . Because I will minister to her thoughts , and I will guide her wordes , speaking my selfe within the secrets of her heart . Wherfore , she shall haue nothing else to doo , but onely to be a faithfull deliuerer of what I shall commit to her speaking . This is the sending of his holy Angels , to inspire our soules with what we haue to doe , and they may say to them , that they speake to their hearts . Loquimini ad cor Ierusalem . He calles the soule Ierusalem , because she is made a Citizen of the Soueraigne Ierusalem . Euen in like manner as the Preacher vseth to doe , when hee tearmes his present hearers , by the name of the whole Citie , saying ; I speake to thee Roome ; I speake to thee Millaine ; or I speake to thee London ; that is , I speake to you which are the inhabitants of Roome , or to you Romaines , Londoners , &c. Claudio . A very speciall fauour is this , which God doth vnto man , in speaking to the heart , to auoyde breach of silence , by importunity of words . And most happy is that soule , to whom God reuealeth his secrets diuine , and gouerneth his words , least he shold erre in praying , by not fayling in his speeches , nor stumbling in reproofe of other mens defects . Finis Chap. 23. The Argument . From whence it ensueth that man ( being a creature so noble ) yet notwithstanding , he committeth greater errours then any other creature whatsoeuer . How God hath giuen him many helpes to preserue him from sinne , and particularly , the precept of brotherly correction , committed into the power of the tongue . The necessitie and excellencie whereof is heere discoursed on . And that silence ( in such a case ) is prooued great babbling , and a grieuous sinne , because the tongue may be a safety to our neighbour . They also shew the way which we ought to obserue , in correcting of our neighbour , as also the qualitie of the precept it selfe , by approoued sound doctrine , and testimonies of holy Scripture . Chap. 24. LODOVICO . As God speakes vnto the heart , thereby most highly manifesting his diuine secrets , to his esteemed sonnes seruantes , least they should erre in speaking , or else in any other humane action : Euen ●o ought we also to assist one another , with the office of the tongue , ●or auoiding of such defects , as oftentimes wee doe fondly commit . Because christian charitie so requireth , and he that di●igently imployes him selfe in the duety of charity , resembleth God him selfe , who seekes very many waies , whereby to help man out of his sinne . Whereupon it is said by Ieremie ; Si separaueris pretiosum à vili , quasi os meum eris : And if thou take away the pretious from the vile , thou shalt be according to my word . Euen as if he had said . Man is by nature fraile , apt to erre , corrupt and led by giddy sense : but thou , if by the keene swoord of thy tongue , thou wilt seeke to separate the precious soule of thy neighbour from the vilenesse of sinne , thou shalt be like vnto me : Who to raise man out of misguidance , haue layde aside honour , life , and all other commodities whatsoeuer ; and to me is giuen in liew thereof , death , with mine owne bloud standing bound , to redeeme him from the cruell obiected articles of sinne and the deuill . Well shal it become vs then , to labour duetifully for those meanes , wherby we might resemble so great a maiesty , & a beauty so exquisite , as ( without any like ) that of god is . As also for the help of our neighbor , we being equal bretheren in christ , descēded of one stock , created by one and the same God , redeemed by one most precious bloud , nourished by the selfe same sacraments , and hoping for one and the very same glory . Admit you were trauailing on the way with a freend of yours , & perchaunce should meete with an enemy of his , who drawing forth his weapon , attempts al the wayes he can to wound him : Would not you lay hand to your sword with your freend , & defend him to your vttermost ? Our neighbour is mainly assaulted by sinne , the capitall enemie that seekes the slaughter of his soule , while we are in this miserable peregrination of this world together . We therefore , not to see the death of our brother thus assailed by sinne ; ought to draw foorth the sword of the tongue ; Lingua eorum gladius acutus , and ( with him ) help to driue his aduersary to flight , striuing to cure his trespasses , with humble reprehensions , and charitable exhortations . Because , as there be many sins cōmitted by the tongue , so likewise are there as many vertuous actions thereby to be performed : in which behalfe , strict silence is a fault as hainous , as is idle , vain & needles talking . Claudio . If insensible creatures , by so admirable an order in nature , lend help one to another , & profit each other in their kinde , led onely thereto by naturall inclination . As the Sunne in most wondrous manner enlighteneth the Moone , the Starres and other Planets , and she also clearing the ougly darknesse of the night , giuing an influence to the earth , whereby it yeelds to vs such copious bounty of precious fruites ; The fire purging the ayre ; the ayre purifying the water ; the water bathing and fertiling the earth , and they ( of all these giftes ) are not scarse or sparing to vs. How much more then ought men , being adorned with vnderstanding , beautyfied with reason , ennobled with senses , and endued with discourse , bee forward in helpe , one to an other , especially in so weighty a case as sinne is ? which , robbing vs of grace , depriues vs of glory , making vs meete for hell , by taking the blessed Angels comfort from vs , and giues vs in stead thereof , the company of deuils . Therefore we ought to vse all diligence , by being helpfull in this kinde , euen to our vttermost : and if we finde defect in our own abilitie , to call for the more powerfull assistance of others , who may binde vp compassionately his bleeding wounds , and set him on his owne beast in the ready way to heauen . All this wee know truely to bee our duetie , therefore I cannot but account it most maruailous , that man being the perfect creature and onely noble , as he for whose seruice all creatures else in the world were created , and him selfe ordayned for the diuine fruition : yet notwithstanding all this , hee , more then any other creature , walkes from the intent of his end , and goes beyond them all in greatnesse of error . It is not to be doubted , but that the other creatures sometime doe swarue , yet very sildome , casually , or by some accident : but man erreth much more , beyond comparison , comming ouer-short of his purposed period , and therefore hath more need then any other creature , of especiall helping . Lodouico . All strife is soone appeased , the occasion being considered : My reason is , that other creatures are not composed , as man is . Therfore insensible and inanimate creatures , as are stones & such like , they haue a natural forme , whereon attendeth a natural propension and inclination , ordained for them by God and nature , and hereunto accordingly they alwayes worke , except they be by some meanes hindred . From hence it ensueth , that heauy thinges euer mooue toward the center of the earth , and light things vsually ascend toward the concaue of the Monne , if they be not violenced or impeached . Brute beastes likewise them selues , because they haue their fantasie determinate to one thing , and by nature are guided to their actions ( according to Aristotle ) therefore they cannot be said to erre . But man , endued at first with freedome of will , hath not his fantasie determined , but it is extended to many and almost infinite things . For the will is the handmaide of our vnderstanding , which can do al things , either in the agent vnderstanding , whose office Est omnia facere , or in the possible vnderstāding , whose nature Est omnia fieri . Therefore the fantasie of man is also indetermined . And hence growes the cause of often erring , because our knowledge is by meanes of the sense , which onely gaines cognition of things sensible and material . Therefore haue we little iudgement in matters diuine and immateriall : yet are they the meanes to the inuisible things , as the Apostle saith to the Romanes . Inuisibilia enim ipsius , à creatura mundi per ea quae facta sunt intellecta , conspiciuntur : sempiterna quoque cius virtus , & diuinitas , ita vt sint inexcusabiles . For the iuuisible things of him , that is his eternall power and Godhead , are seene by the creation of the world , being considered in his workes , to the intent that they should be without excuse . Hereupon it comes to passe , that we draw neerer to the matters of this world , then those of heauen , & fal into many infirmities , by the repugnancy which is between the flesh and the spirit . Claudio . The Angels haue in themselues a prerogatiue of wil , and therefore few of them do erre , no , not the third part . But men doe altogether run astray , except they be powerfully assisted by the hand of heauen , whereof the Prophet Dauid beareth true witnesse . Deus de coelo prospexit super filios hominum , vt videat si est intelligens , aut requirens Deum . And what found he ? Omnes declinauerunt , simul mutiles facti sunt , non est qui faciat bonum , non est vsque ad vnum . All are gon out of the way , they are all corrupt , there is none that doth good , no not one . Lodouico . Let me answer you , that though the Angels are sayd to haue liberty of will , yet notwithstanding ▪ being all spirits , they haue not the repugnancy in sense , according as man hath : who is composed of two contrary natures , to weet , sensible and intellectuall , whence that continuall repugnancy deriueth his birth , and is the occasion of many errors , which the Angels doo not commit , who are simply of the intellectuall nature . Nor faileth thus the bruit beast likewise , who hath his fantasie determined● neither the insensible creatures , who haue one sole forme , and naturall inclination . God neuerthelesse gaue vnto man sufficient helpe , to serue as a supply to natures frailty . To our first father Adam before his fall , he gaue originall iustice , commerce with the Angels , reuealed knowledge , a perfect synderisis . and an hundred thousand helps beside . To man ( falne into misery by naturall corruption ) to defend him from further transgressions , in the first world he gaue him the lawe natural , an Angelicall custody , celestiall visions , and the aide of ciuill conuersation . Afterward , he gaue the law written , diuine precepts , promises of greate rewardes , the speeches of Prophets , and the terror of paines . Since then , he gaue the law Euangelicall , the infinite benefits by the Words incarnation , the Gospell preached , most mightye miracles , a pretious death , a glorious resurrection , Christs victorious ascension , the mission of the holy Ghost , and euangelicall decrees . Among which , one is that of brotherly correction , a most sacred precept to helpe man from sinning . Si peccauerit in te frater tuus , vade , & corripe eum inter te & ipsum solum : si te audierit , lucratus es Fratrem tuum . If thy brother trespasse against thee , go , and tell him his falt between thee and him alone : if he heare thee , thou hast won thy brother . If then we may doo so much good by the voyce , and by our speech : doubtlesse it cannot be but a great sin , in charity not to reproue our brother , when in matter of lesse weight , we stick not somtime to break silence , by wicked oathes , cursings and blasphemies . Claudio . Wee haue spoken sufficiently already , that to be silent , is much more commendable then speech . But now we are also enforced to say , that to hold our peace , is euen as great an offence . Because not only it is the Lords precept , that in such a case we ought to speak ; but likewise , then to be silent , may be the occasiō of ruinating the soule of an offending neighbour , and hazard our own vtter losse of heauen also . Wherfore the holy Prophet Esay lamented , that he held his peace when he ought to haue spoken : vae mihi quia tacui . And the cause of his complaint was , that hauing seen the Lord sit vpon a throne in infinit maiesty , adorned with the highest glory , the yeer that Ozias king of Israel dyed by a sudden death : That he had not before , ( with a constant hart ) reprehēded his sins , wherby he might haue expected some amendment of them . For he was the same king , that so boldly durst vse the Priests office , contrary both to the diuine will , and the Priesthoods authority . But the Lord being offended therat , the king going to offer incense in the Sanctum Sanctorum , as the high Priest was wont to do : he was smitten by the highest Majesty with a leprosie , in that part of the forehead , where the high Priest vsed to weare a plate of fine gold . For which heauy iudgement so faln vpon the king , the Prophet cryed , vae mihi quia tacui . As if he would haue sayd . Wo is me , that I haue held my peace , and not constantly rebuked the king in his sinne , which ( happily ) by correction he would haue amended . Most wretched am I , if ( by my negligence ) the king haue lost eternall happinesse , because the Lord will demand , of me , the losse or safety of such a soule , And , which is worse ; In medio populi polluta labia habentis , ego habito , & Regem Dominum exercituū vidi oculis meis . I dwell in the mids of a people of polluted lips , and mine eyes haue seen the king and Lord of hoasts . As adding thus . Not only haue I fayled in admonishing the king , but I dwel among a flattering people , who ( with vncleane lips ) not only durst not aduenture to reprooue the kings sins for feare ; but rather soothed vp & flattered him in euil . Wherby , both Crown & Miter haue hatched the more iniquities , nursed & cockringly brought them vp , and , ( in reuerence to the Prince ) sinners haue bin honourred , and soft pillows layd vnder the elbowes of wickednesse . VVheron Saint Gregory sayth in his Pastorals : Delinquentem namque eum redarguere nullus praesumit , & in exemplum culpa vehementer extenditur , quando pro reuerentia ordinis peccator honoratur . Now albeit many haue murmured , none yet durst vndertake the corage , personally to reprehend sin between him & thee , or face to face : only through feare of punishments infliction . In this case if befalleth vs , as it did to the Mice , who being in a deep consultation together , what they might best doo for safety of their liues , being euery houre subiect to their enimies the Cats mercy : thought it safest for them , euery one to hang a little bel about his own neck , to serue as a sufficient passe or warrant . Al allowed this aduise , but vpon he successe of some , few afterward would aduenture to put it in execution . Euen so fareth it with the correction of great men , who haue terrors & punishments , to support in themselues all vnlawful actions . And this strikes a feare in too many faint harts : because S. Iohn Baptist lost his head for reproouing of Herode . As also the Apostles and holy Martyrs , ( in like cases ) lost their liues . Ludouico . Such pils ought to be folded vp in Sugar , and reprehension should come with sweetnesse , not with bitternesse . Because Prelates ought oftener to exhort , then reprehend , as men that are our Pastors and Fathers , not Tyrantes to vs and persecutors . Agreeing with the counsell of Saint Paul. Seniorem ne increpaueris , sed obsecra vt patrem : Rebuke not an Elder , but exhort him as a Father . Antisthenes being asked , wherefore he reprehended Princes , and men placed in great dignity , with so much mansuetude , mildnesse and modesty ? answered ( in my mind ) very excellently . Because Princes ( quoth he ) are like vnto Bees , who if they be not warily and circumspectly handled , do strike suddenly with the sting . Euen so Princes , if they be not reprooued with all humilitie and modesty : they easilye strike with the sting of power which they haue in hould . For possessed Saul , to haue the diuell cast out of his body , there was great need of a Musitian , to play very sweetly . Euen so , to raise vp Princes and great men from their sin , a sweet and pleasant correction behooueth , rather more by entreating , then by controwling . And to answer to the question alredy mooued , before I further forget my self , if we but consider whereon we haue already discoursed , we may easily resolue all intricate scruple . It is true , that silence is more commendable then talking : but Omnia tempus habent ; tempus tacendi , & tempus loquēdi . To al things there is an appointed time ; a time to keepe silence , and a time to speake . Therefore ( in this case ) silence is a greeuous offence , because by silence , we are partly the cause of our neighbours soules losse : whereas contrarywise , by speaking , we might be a meanes of safety to the same . Moreouer , somtime by speaking , we do hold our peace , and god speaketh by the vse of our tongue . But in keeping silence , contrary to the diuine precept , our silēce is a talkatiue babbling , wherwith we endanger both our selues and our neighbour , that is , by the word of work , not of the voyce . Thus houlding our peace , we breake silence ; and talking , are silent . Or thus being dumb , we talke , and yet in discoursing we speake not , but God in and by vs. And further you must noate , that this precept doth not alwayes bind , because it is an affirmatiue precept , which bindeth thus , but not alwayes . For such precepts as are affirmatiue meerly , are vertuous actions , wherin there is to be obserued , both manner , and rule . Claudio . I know not what you meane by these affirmatiue precepts : how many kinds of precepts are there ? what , are there negatiue precepts also ? Lodouico . There are found three seuerall kindes of commaundementes , whereunto all the preceptes diuine are reduced . Some are negatiue , which doo alwayes binde , and for euer , in all places , and at all times : As , not to sweare and blaspheme . Some are affirmatiue , which doo bind alwayes , but not for euer , but onely for a time : As , the giuing of Almes , to be continually perfourmed : but yet , in time of necessity , the bond most bindeth . Others there be , which participate of both these before named natures , being precepts affirmatiue and negatiue , binding alwayes , & for euer : because they haue two heads , one pertinent to the negatiue precept , the other appertaining to the precepte affirmatiue . Of this nature is restitution . For God commandeth thee not to retaine the goods of others , which appertaineth to the negatiue precept . He commands thee also to restore them back again , & this belongeth to the precept affirmatiue . The precept of brotherly correction , it is an affirmatiue precept , & therfore bindeth alwayes , but not euer . Therefore there is great need of obseruing both the rule and manner , for feare of fayling . Which by our Sauiour Christ himself is thus taught vs. Si peccauerit in te frater tuus , vade , & corripe eum inter te & ipsum solum : si te audierit , lucratus es fratrem tuum . Si autem non audierit , adhibe te cum adhuc vnum vel duos . vt in ore duorum , vel trium , testium stet omne verbum . Quòd si non audi●rit eos , dic Ecclesiae : si autem Ecclesiam non audierit , sit tibi sicut ethnicus & publicanus . If thy brother trespasse against thee , go , and tell him his fault between thee & him alone : if he heare thee , thou hast won thy brother . But if he heare thee not , take yet with thee one or two , that by the mouth of two or three witnesses , euery word may be confirmed . And if he will not vouchsafe to heare then , tell it vnto the Church : and if he refuse to heare the Charch also , let him be vnto thee as an heathen , and a publicane . Herein are three things to be obserued , namely the place , the time , and the manner . The place is noted , when he sayth ; Si peccauerit in te ; If thy brother trespasse against thee , that is . If thy neighbour sinne secretly , and thou onely knowest thereof , reprehend him in some remote place , that no one may know thereof , for feare of giuing therby scandale to others , and discouering ( against charity ) another mans defects . To the end also , that the delinquent may the more willingly amend , by perceiuing , that all this is doone vnto him in loue . The time also is to be respected , because alwayes & at all seasons , it is not a time for reprehension . For it often falleth out , that the person offending , is incorrigible . Which he wel knowing or perceiuing that shold vrge the reproof , he stands not bound then to mooue correctiō , least the sinner shold fal into greater guilt , but ought to take a fitter opportunity . Or else , if he know it to be no apt season , euen immediatly vpon the transgression to strike with reproof , his wisedom ( in forbearāce ) cannot be therfore impeached , & yet the sinner in due time may be also chastised . Noah patiently awaited seauen dayes together , hauing first sent foorth the dooue , and seeing her returne to be so quickly , without bringing any signe of the waters cessation : then he sent her foorth againe , and then shee brought back the Oliue braunche with her At illa venit ad eum ad vesperam , portans ramum Oliuae , virentibus folijs in ore suo . Intellexit ergo Noe , quòd cessassent aquae super terram . And the Doue came to him in the euening , and loe , in her mouth was an Oliue leafe , that shee had pluckt : whereby Noah knewe , that the waters were abated from off the earth . In Noah is figured the christian soule , remaining within the Arke of our body . The waters of the deluge are our sinnes , wherein , we ( like poore wretches ) are as drowned . VVhereof Dauid speaking , sayth . Saluum me fac Deus , quoniam intrauerunt aquae vsque ad animam meam . Saue me , O God , for the waters are entred euen to my soule . The Doue representeth brotherly correction , and the Oliue branche , is the fruit of this brotherly admonition . VVhen we behold our brother in the deluge of sin , we ought to send foorth out of the Arke of the body ( by the window of our mouth ) the doue of mild correction . Which returning vnfruitfully , and without any signe of amendment at all , we ought not therefore to despaire of his recouery . But after the example of Noah , with patience to attend a time more opportune . In which space ( perhaps ) the waters of this wretched floud may cease , by the want of former proude conceit , and better consideration of his own estate . VVhereupon , sending foorth againe the simple Doue , in kind correction , and on meere charity : doubtlesse she will bring some signe of the great floods fall , euen the very fruit of so good an endeauour , and so thou hast won thy brother ; Lucratus es fratrem tuum . We must in like sort obserue the manner , that is , charitably , with sweet words , and full of loue . Dauid draue the tormenting spirit foorth of Saul , not with stearn strokes , but with mild musique . Eliseus the Prophet sent his seruant Gehezie with a staffe , to reuiue the son of the widdow , which prooued to nothing : but when afterward he came himself in person , and with his own limbs warmed the dead-benummed limbs of the child , being lifelesse , he , ioyning part to part , face to face , hands to hands , breast to breast , and feete to feet , thus heating the child , he raised him from death to life . So , when we would reuiue our brother , he being mortally wounded with sin , and euen almost dead in soule : we should not send our seruant with a staffe , to doo such correction as Pilate did to Christ ; Corripiam ergo illum , & dimittam ; I will chastise him , and let him loose . Neither ought we to vse any rough or rigorous words . But like to Eliseus , warme the delinquents soule with the heate of charity , and by compassionating his case , euen transforming our selues altogether into him . According to the instruction of Saint Paul. Fratres , & si praeoccupatus fuerit homo in aliquo delicto , vos qui spirituales estis , huiusmodi instruite in spiriu lenitatis , considerans teipsum , ne & tu tenteris , Brethren , if a man be falne ( by occasion ) into any fault , you which are spirituall , restore such a one with the spirite of meekenesse , considering thy selfe , least thou also bee tempted . Being thus heated with the warmth of christian charity , we shal raise the sinners dying soule , by the religious meanes and office of the tongue . Oh how pleasing is this manner to me , and I prayse the true vse therof from time to time : because , when we goe ouer hastily to the committed euil , the offender ( hauing his senses blinded ) will not suffer himself to be reprehended , but rather ( in haughtinesse of spirit ) wil euen approoue and maintaine his sin . VVherefore , looke how thou blowest the fire then , so much the more thou kindlest it , whereto if nourishment want , it will extinguish of it selfe : Euen so is it with thy brothers cholerick and hasty nature , being reproued too quickly of his committed error . Therfore it shal become vs wel , to expect a while , & in our reprehension , to vse no loftinesse , because the sinner in this case , may very aptly be compared to a sick man. When a sick body would feede on delicate and healthfull meates for his disease , and yet are to him most displeasing , though in their owne nature very wholesome : they vse such art in the deliuerance of them , labouring to please his weak rellish , as he hardly perceiueth what they are . The finner , by his ouersurfetting on sin , abhors all spirituall meates , how healthfull or delicate soeuer they be . He finds no tast in preaching , he hath no delight in praying , no mind to the holy Sacraments , no pleasure in fasting , nor any godly action agrees with his relish . Nay , he is reduced into such an estate , as he hath no feeling of any spirituall matter . So that euen as Dauid sayth ; Omnem escam abominata est anima corū ; Their soule abhorreth al meat . Almost they are ready to leaue their houses , drawing on their latest breath , euē as next neighbour to eternal death : Appropinquauerunt vsque ad port as mortis . VVherefore in the administring of this healthfull foode of brotherly correction , that it may be willingly and louingly accepted : you must shadow it in som substantial manner , to make it cary a tast of kind and comfortable words , after this , or the like obseruation ; Deare brother , so it might not be displeasing to you , I would deliuer a few words greatly to your profit : wherein , God is my witnesse nothing else mooueth me but the honour of God , true brotherly charity , and vnfeigned regard of your good . I know well , that such an offence hath escaped you , and no marueyle , for you are a frayle man , like vnto others , therefore it makes no admiration in me . Because we are all weake , the snares so many , and the occasions so numberlesse , as I know not how we should escape falling into far greater errors , yea , and much more often too . But after ( by our own frailty ) we are encompassed with danger , it may not therfore be held for reasonable , that we shold long time cōtinue in so wretched an estate : but rather seek after som remedy , as wise men are wont to do , & not be carelesse of help , like insolent fooles . Consider brother , that god is so good and patient , as we cannot ( with deuout harts ) be so redy to ask pardon for our sins , but we shal find him as forward in pardoning them . Wherfore I beseech you , by the bitter passiō of so louing a God , & in the very bowels of his endlesse mercies : that you wold take such a course , as this bounty of his may redound to your benefit , onely by true conferring with your soule , on such an escape , which I am bound louingly to tel you of , & you ( in as kind loue ) to accept . If manly entreaties may be auaileable with you , if you see me to fal into this , or any other sin : I pray you do me the like office of charity . For oftētimes we are so blinded , that we take delight in our own harme , & our affections do so ouermaster iudgement : as euill seems good , & good euil , iustice appears to be iniury , zeale hatred , and vertue vice . So , after the manner of another Eliseus , who Incuruauit se super puerum ; th●ew himself vpon the child : abasing our selues , & confessing our own frailty to be as great as his , we shal so warme his soule with the heat of good words , & with the supple sweetnesse of feruent charity , as he wil arise from death to life , and then we may say ; Lucratus es fratrem tuum . Claudio . These are the preseruing sirropes , of power able to reuiue the sickest sinner , and keep him from falling into greater perils , as also most effectual for his recouery . And because reprehensions are to sinners , like bad sauouring pils : it behooueth the brotherly reproouer , to be so careful , as he do couer them with the fine gold of louing speeches . And because , by giuing drink to one troubled with an Ague , euen in the heate when the fit is vpon him , is a meer nourishmēt to the feuer : we ought to await the fits declination , & til the body be more temperate . So , when we would admonish , if wee see the delinquent much enraged , or in the superfluity of passion : we must stay a while , vntil the heate of anger be ouer , and the Feuer of passion be in his declination . And then is best to administer the healthfull strengthning of louing rebukes : for our taste is so delicate , as otherwise it will not endure reproofe . Nay , we must vse great diligence , and seek seuerall wayes , according to the quality of the person . Euen as the Physitian doth , who considering the complexions of his patients , giues to the delicate complexion , a light and a sweet medicin , and to the contrary constitution , a medicine of like and answerable nature . Finis Chap. 24. The Argument . Wherein is discoursed , how important the precept of brotherly correction is , and for auoiding error therein , all the words which our Sauiour vsed , in giuing the precept , are diligently examined , and diuers good considerations in that behalfe alledged . Moreouer , they handle seuerally the number of corrections , which are to be vsed to our neigbor , and by the office of the tongue , all iustified and warranted by proofes of Scripture . Chap. 25. LODOVICO . In such a case as this it behooueth vs to imitate hunters , who according to the variety of ●h●ir sports , prepare an answerable vse of instruments . To surprize the wild Bore , they haue Bore speares , ●auelings and guns : for the Hare , they haue Greyhounds : for Quailes they haue spaniels , or a false call : for fish , they haue nets : and for fowle , sundry kinds of Haukes . So ought we to make difference between the Cleargy , and vnderlings , between those of degree , and them of meaner sort , between men and children , between the cholerick and phlegmatick . Beside , no diligence should want , in recouering a man from sin : because the very best hath small reason to boast , for there is none good , no , not one . Claudio . The diligence ought to be great , for the case is important , and the necessity extreame . VVhen the good Patriarche Ioseph sent his brethren , with their beastes laden with corne , from Aegypt into Canaan , for the nourishment of aged Iacob : among other good admonitions , one was this ; Proficiscentibus ait ; Ne trascimini in via . As they departed , he sayd vnto them ; Fall not out by the way . As if he would haue sayd . Deare brethren , you leade these Asses laden with corne and mony , the way is long , the beasts weake , and disgraces are euermore too ready at hand . Wherefore I pray you , let peace be among you , because , if one of you grow angry against another , your cariage falling down , who shall help you to lift it vp again ? All we are brethren , trauailing from this earth to heauen , with the fraile cariage of these our bodies like beasts ; vt iumentum factus sum apud te ; I was as a beast before thee , and laden are we with the weight of legall obseruance . Now because we are by nature weake , by euery small difficulty which we find in the law dishartned , and by the very least temptation , which our infernall enemy vseth against vs , we are soone smitten to the earth , and so the soule fals into sin : If we shall wax cholerick among our selues , who shall quiet vs ? who shall admonish and brother-like reprooue vs ? Therfore , Ne trascamur in via , let vs not fall out by the way , but with charity assist our neighbour , with that louing and charitable word , Corripe eum . Lodouico . Many doo come very short of this manner : therefore , to auoyde wandring astray , we ought to attend and consider the words vsed by Christ himself in this precept . VVhat signifieth this conditionall phrase ; Si peccauerit ; If he trespasse , or , if hee sinne ? Claudio . VVe may moderately philosophize vpon the words of this precept , the better to keep our selues in compasse . This conditionall Si , If , I take it to signifie , that we ought only to reprooue those sins , wherof we haue a certain knowledge , Sipeccauerit , If he sin , that is ; If by chāce thou perceiuest thy brother to sin , correct him brotherlike : but go not to make searche after other mens sins , to win occasion ( thereby ) of reproouing thy brother . And for this purpose , I call now to mind a notable occasion . God commaunded in the old lawe , that when one borrowed mony of another , he should not enter his house to fetch his pledge : but stand and await without doors patiently , vntill he brought it foorth to him . We ( by our sins ) haue pawned our soules : it is not necessary therfore , that he ( who comes to reprehend ) should enter our soules house , making there a curious enquiry and search , after other mens transgressions , to compasse occasion of imperious reproouing . For Christ giues no such commandement , but rather aduiseth vs to staye without doors , that is : not to charge our neighbours weak consciences , with other mens infirmities : but , if we happen to see our brother sin , to correct him charitably ; so signifieth this conditionall Si , If. Lodouico . If we our selues are stained with the selfe same transgressions , ought we then to imploy our officious tongues , in administring correction ? How can a foule hand make the face cleane , except it self be first washed ? Otherwise , the delinquent may vse the wordes of Christ vnto vs : Quid vides festucam in oculo fratris tui , & trabem in oculo tuo non vides ? Why seest thou the mote that is in thy brothers eye , and perceiuest not the beame that is in thine owne eye ? Or else this other ; Medice , curate ipsum ; Physitian , heale , thy selfe . For it appeareth , that by our correction , we may couer our owne proper vices , which is no way conuenable in a Christian . Claudio . In such a case , sayth Father Augustin , We ought rather to condole and weep with him , then come to correct and contro●le him , mutually wishing one another to repentance , especially , if the sin be publique . For it will be a scandale to many , for him to be a reproouer , that in himselfe deserueth reproouing : beside , it is a sin of very great pride . Lodouico . If the delinquents sinne be publique , ought the correction ( notwithstanding ) to be priuate ? This breedes in mee a doubt of Christes wordes , who onely sayth : Si peccauerit in te : If he sinne against thee , whether any other should be present , or no ? Claudio . If the sin be publique , the correction should be publique also , sayth the Apostle . Peccantos , coram omnibus argue , vt & caeteri timorem habeant . Them that sinne , rebuke openly , that the rest also may feare . VVe ought therefore to consider well , how our brother hath sinned , and not blindly go to reprehension , till first we be certain of the sin , for preuention of others infamy & scandall . Si peccauerit . sayth Christ : therefore looke well before , and saye nothing . Else in saying , I thought he had sinned , it may fall out as it did to vnaduised Lamech , who going on hunting , and seeing ( he knew not what ) to stir among the leaues , imagining it had bin some wild beast there hidden : drew his bow , and losing his arrow , when he supposed he had slaine a saluage beast , he found he had slaine his father Caine. VVhereupon , repenting himselfe for this ill shot arrowe , he sayd to his wiues Adah and Zillah . Audite vocem m●am vxores Lamech , auscultate sermonem meum ; quoniam occidi virum in vulnus meum , & adolescentulum in liuore meo . Heare my voyce you wiues of Lamech ; for I would slay a man in my wound , and a yo●ng man in mine hurt . Lodouico . If the sin be secret , but against a community , or a whole State : a good mind ( in me ) is not enough for reprehension of the offender , neither auayleth hope ( by any respects ) to drawe him to amendment , what correction then should such a one haue ? Claudio . Beeing assured of no fruitefull successe , as in this case it cannot bee , you ought more to respect the weale publique , then a priuate mans condition . And , in matter of faith , not onely the meanest ought ( in humilitye ) to reprehende the mightier , but ( in such a case ) an equall estimate shoulde bee in correction , we beeing all Christians , and all bound together for defence of the faith . As Saint Paule reprooued Saint Peeter , being aboue him , in regard of the scandall which might arise . Reprehendi eum quia reprehensibilis erat . He withstoode him to his face , for he was to be blamed . Therefore sayth the greate doctour of the Church : Whensoeuer the daunger of the faith is discerned , wee ought to withstand it euen to life it selfe : Corripe eum . VVe find two seuerall kinds of correction , one is the acte of iustice , as when the Iudge sentenceth the guiltie : and this only belōgeth to thē in gouernmēt , vpon whose shoulders lies the weight of iustice . The other is the act of charity , and particularly belongeth to euery man. Therfore they which professe religion , and yet vsurpe vpon these words , they presume on that which appertaineth to the Iudge onely , and in stead of their tongue , doo strike with a sword . Corripe eum inter te & ipsum solum ; Tell him his fault betweene thee and him alone . Not like vnto such , as set vp writings , infamous libels , and Pasquilling slanders on publique poasts . Corripe eum inter te & ipsum solum . And not in company of brauers , swaggerers , sworders and lawlesse quarrellers , as seeking that way to please thy mind . He sayth Corripe , not Occide , correct , not kill , tell him , not defame him , as now it is become the practise of the world . Corripe eum , not seeke reuenge , because such correction belongeth to God onely . VVe are the sonnes of God by adoption : therefore , let vs doo like vnto a childe when he is any way iniuried , first runnes and telles his Father the wrong doone vnto him . And the fathe● sayth , to comfort him ; Peace my Sonne , I will be thy reuenger . So , when any one hath offended vs , let vs freely pardon him , neuer mooue a hand to wreake our wrong ▪ it is enough for vs , that our heauenly father knowes our iniury , & he will be our iust auenger . Mihi vindicta , & ego retribuam ●is in tempore : vengeance is mine , and in time I wil repay it . No sooner had Cain committed his murder , but immediatly God said : vox sanguinis fratris tui clamat ad me de terra : The voyce of thy brothers bloud crieth vnto me from the earth ; implying therby , that he would be his reuenger . Scarsely had Myriam ended her murmuring against her brother Moyses , but suddenly the Lorde strooke her with a leaprosie . And you ( my Lord ) know much better then I , how much christ desended Mary Magdalen , against Iudas murmuring at the Pharisies supper . Also of her sister Martha , who lamented that Magdalen would not helpe her in her businesse . But what was Christs answer ? Martha Martha sollicita es , & turbaris erga plurima . Maria optimam partem elegit , &c. Martha Martha thou carest , and art troubled about many things . Mary hath chosen the good part . So was Iob defended by God , against the iniury of his three friends ; Susanna from the old luxurious Iudges ; and Dauid from the iniuries of Saul . All that we ought to do , is to pray vnto the Lord , to giue vs patience , and to illuminate the vnderstanding of our enemy , to the end , he may haue knowledge of his error : in this kind also ought we brotherly to correct him ; Corripe eum . Lodouico . Ought we to correct him for eury sin , or only for those which are tearmed deadly ? Claudio . For ought I can discouer by this Gospell , those sins which are tearmed deadly , we ought in duty especially to correct them . And those that are of lesser kind or quality , we must correct them too : or else I think , that the winking at them , may cause a fall into a far greater offence . Lodouico . Whence do you gather , that we stand bound ( as it were ) to correct deadly sins so especially ? Claudio . From these fruitfull words of brotherly correction , when Christ sayd : Si audierit , lucratus es fratrem tuum : If he heare thee , thou hast wonne thy brother . If by brotherly correction we may gaine a brother , it is a signe he was lost , and made slaue to the diuell , which needs must ensure thorowe deadly sin , euen that which hazardeth the death of the soule for euer . As for other sins ; they take not away the grace of god quite from vs , but only do make vs luke-warme in affection : Wheras by sinning deadly , it locks vp the gates of heauen against vs , except ther be immediate recouery . And Christ saying , thou hast won thy brother , approoues , that the deuil had great power ouer him : and rescuing him then in such a dangerous estate , it shewes thee to be a deare brother indeed . Lodouico . If the tongue can reache to such a redemption , it were a great sin in vs , to be negligent of our neighbours good , especially in such a case as this . But first we should free our selues from sin , so much as lyes in vs to doo , Because ( as Cirillus Alexandrinus sayeth ) that wee ought to open our mouthes in correction , in such manner as we see the Cocke opens his to singing● , who first beates him selfe with his winges , before hee chaunteth foorthe his noates . So wee ought no to reprooue another man , till first ( with the wings of good consideration ) wee haue well beaten our selues , least we should stand guilty of the same crime , which we seek to reprehend in our brother . Hereupon was it , that God sayd to the Prophet Esay , sending him to preach , and to correct his elected people : Quasi tuba exalta vocem tuam : Exalt thy voyce like vnto a Trumpet . Before a man can sound a Trumpet , he takes it in his hand , puts it to his mouth , there giues it breath , and afterward the sound is heard . So should it be with him that preacheth to others , or him that will correct his neighbour for any negligence . He must first take vp the Trumpet in his hand , and prepare it with such actions , as he himself laboureth to reprooue in others : otherwise , he is vnwoorthy to check another mans sin , which cunningly he would cloake in himselfe . But let vs come now to the number of reprehensions , which cannot stand voide of doubting : because to Saint Peter it seemed sufficient , when hee had allowed seauen times , for forgiuenesse of sinne in our neighbour , with reproofe of the offences committed . And Christ made him answere : Non dico tibi vsque septies , sed vsque septuagies septies : I say not to thee , vnto seauen times , but vnto seauenty times seauen times , what say you now to this ? Claudio . I say with S. Augustine , and all the cheefest doctors of the Church , that here Christ put a finite number , by an infinite . Septuagies septies , seauenty times seauen times , implyeth so much , as we ought alwayes to pardon , and in like manner to make our brotherly correction . And if it please you to licence me , in speaking my mind concerning this number , you shall perceiue that I will approue it to be so . Lodouico . Therin you shal do me a singular fauour , and I hope to heare matter agreeing with your great iudgement . Claudio . Seauenty times seauen times , sayth Saint Ierome , are foure hundred and ninety . If you tahe away from the number of 490. the last figure nullo , which of it selfe is nothing , there remaineth behind a 9. and a 4. Nine and foure , do make thirteen . Twelue are the Articles of our faith , & the one remaining ouer , signifieth the defect or failing in them : therfore , we ought to reprehēd our brother , euery time that he erreth in any of the twelue Articles of the faith . Seauenty time seauen times , Saint Augustine sayth , they are seauenty seauen . To come to the number of seauenty seauen , they value here eleuen times seauen . Ten are the diuine precepts : therefore this accountable number , signifieth the ten commaundements , and the odde one ouer , alludeth to the transgression of them . Wherefore , seauentie times seauen times , is as much to say , as that we ought to reprooue our neighbour , euery time hee committeth breach of any one of the ten diuine commaundements . Moreouer , seauenty times seauen times are written with two figures of seauen , as thus , 77. Two times seauen doe make foureteene , and so many are the workes of mercy , to wit , seauen spirituall , and seauen temporall . Therefore in saying seauentie times seauen , it importeth , that wee ought to reprehend our neighbour , euery time hee fayleth in any of the workes of mercye . Once againe , 77. hath two figures of 7. and twise seauen ( as I said before ) are foureteene : in writing of foureteene , there is required a 1. and a 4. One and foure doe make fiue , and so many are the senses belonging to our bodie . Therefore , in saying seauenty times seauen times , it implyeth , that we ought to admonish our brother , euery time he erreth in his fiue bodily senses : That is , eyther in seeing , hearing , smelling , tasting or vainly touching . Further yet , seauenty times seauen times , written as before with two seauens , 7. and 7. are foureteene . Seauen in number are the deadly sinnes , contained in this word Saligiae . And seauen are the ages of man , to wit , Infancy , Childhood , Youth from twelue to one and twenty , Yong mans estate from twenty to thirty , Manhood , Middle-age , and Olde decrepite age . According to which computation , seauenty times seauen is to be vnderstood , that in euery of these seuerall ages , according as our brother falleth into deadlie sinne , we ought in charity to reprooue him . In another 77. being twise seauen , we may say thus . Seauen are the giftes of the holy spirit : wisedome , vnderstanding , counsell , strength , science , pietie , and the feare of God. Seauen also are the vertues , foure Cardinall , and three Theologicall : to wit , Iustice , Fortitude , Temperance and Prudence ; the other three , Faith , Hope and Charity . Seauenty times seauen then may signifie , that we ought to be helpful to our neighbor , euery time we perceiue defect in any of these vertues , or the giftes of the holy ghost to growe weake in him . Much better saith Origen , vpon Saint Mathew . Numerus sex , videtur esse operis , & laboris , septimus autem repansationis . Dicit autem remissionem fieri oportere fratribus in hoc mundo degentibus , secundum res huius mundi peccantibus . Si aliquis autem vltra ea peccata peccauerit , iam non habebit remissionem . As if he would haue said ; Euery time that a man sinneth in this world , we should alwaies pardon him , and charitably correct him , because the senary number or that of sixe is a number of paine and labour , and appertaineth to this present life . But if hee perseuer obstinately in sinne , as in the contempt of eternall life , signified also in the septenarie number , being the number of rest and quiet , wherein God him selfe ceased , from all the workes he made in the creation : Remission nor correction is then any longer in our power , because eternall are the torments prepared for such transgressions , specified by the paines of hell , & then he is wilfully cut off and diuided from the Church . And that is it which he sayth : Si Ecclesiā non audierit , sit tibi et h●icus & Publicanus . If he refuse to heare the Church also , let him bee vnto thee an heathen man & a Publican . Thus haue I prooued by the number of seauenty seauen , that it alludeth vniuersally by the sense , to the time present , and at all times else , wherein we ought to labour our very vttermost , for the good and welfare of our neighbour . Lodouico . A very excellent and witty discourse , whence may be gathered , howe much we ought to esteeme of brotherly affection , & obserue the rule of perfect charity . For Christ him selfe hath commaunded vs , to vse such diligence for our neighbours amendment , not suffering him to run on vntill the houre , when no hope at all is to be expected . And therefore hee hath set vt downe a manner how . First alone , by him selfe and thee to correct him . Afterward , with two or three . Then in the presence of all : which bringeth to my remembrance , the sentence of the holy ghost , speaking of the Church , and comparing it to a well ordered army : Terribilis vt castorum acies ordinata . When an army is encamped , about the armed squadrons Sentinelles are appointed , who whatsoeuer they heare , they impart it to one another , or else altogether doe aduertise the corps du garde therof . With this goodly order is the Church defenced : Terribilis vt castrorum acies ordinata . Wherefore when any hellish rumour of sinne is heard , which might disranke or disorder this noble Army : one Sentinell aduiseth an other in this manner . Si peccauerit in te frater tuus , corripe cum inter te & ipsum solū : there is the first Sentinell , Si te non audierit , adhibe adhuc vnum vel duos , vt in ore duorum vel trium testium stet omne verbum : there is the second Sentinell . Si eos non audierit , dic Ecclesiae : there is the whole corps du garde , and the very nerues of the Army of the militant Church . And well shall it become vs , to vse all diligence , in the safety of our neighbour , for whose soules freedome , Christ instituted his Sacraments , and suffered patiently so many torments . And if so many euils are easily committed , by our ouer-ready tongue , well may we conuert it then to our neighbours benefit : as being assured , that such speaking is acceptable to God ; neither doe we breake the eternall silence imposed by his diuine Maiesty , because this is our silence , and his speech : Dabo vobis os , & sapientiam . FINIS Cap. vlt. The Table of the Arguments . IT is here discoursed in a pleasing controuersie , whether Silence or speaking , merits most praise . And the one contrarying the other very familiarly , each striues to maintaine his cause by soundest reasons ▪ sometime producing authorities from holy writ , and other whiles frō the auncientest Philosophers . At length ( after a sweete and sent entious arguing ) they conclude , that there is more securitie in silence , then indiscreete talking : in regard , that while each man striues to speake best , his owne conceipt doth soonest deceiue him . And this is confirmed by diuine proofes , witty sayings of Philosophers , and naturall reasons . Chap. 1. Fol. 1. Proceeding further on , it is here approoued , that the first instruction a man ought to haue , is to speake discreetely , without offence to any . Heere ( in an ample discourse ) the negligence of Fathers in their families is much reprooued , for not instructing their children in silence , whereby they may attaine to a perfect order of speaking . For which purpose , many curious sentences of the auncient Philosophers are herein entercoursed , beside diuers other out of holy Scriptures . Chap. 2. Fol. 11. Heere are deliuered many examples of worthy men , true affecters of silence : And in this Chapter , they discourse on the foure excellent qualities of silence , and how they doe adorne a man ; a very sweet and profitable Dialogue , for such as desire to talke discreetly . Chap. 3. Fol. 25. Herein is handled , which is the hardest matter for a man , eyther silence or speaking . And to this purpose each one alleageth seuerall reasons , with many examples out of the auncient Philosophers , as also authorities out of the sacred Scriptures : they shew , likewise , many inconueniences which arise by the tongue . A discourse very excellent , curious and sententious . Chap. 4. Fol. 32. Heerein is declared , how God spake so little , as he spake but once or twise onely : And how man ought to keep an eternall silence ; otherwise , he that alwais talketh , sinneth . Who was the first that brake silence , as well in heauen , as in earth . How it is to be vnderstood , that God onely is truth , and euery man a lyer : considering that many haue spoken the truth , as well Philosophers of the Gentiles , as also many Christians : A discourse ful of learning , and pleasing curiosities . Chap. 5. Fol. 43. Declaring , what custodie we ought to haue of our tongue , to auoide errour in our speaking . Of the seuerall waies , whereby the tongue passeth , when we talke : which although they be foure in number , yet one onely guarde is sufficient for them all . Chap. 6. Fol. 54. Declaring , that to keepe our selues from idle wandering in our talking , it behooueth , that our speech should haue fiue conditions or qualities , which the tongue it selfe hath , namely : sweet , Rose coloured , sharpe , flexible , and close couched : which are approoued by many authorities of Scripture , as also witty sayings of the Philosophers , and naturall examples . Chap. 7. Fol. 66. Approouing , that indiscretion in talke , makes the wise man him selfe to be reputed as a foole , and many haue incurred very great daungers , by talking careleslie & vnaduisedlie . Among al tongues , the tongue of the flatterer is most perillous , & , by breathing foorth many euils , it interdicteth the truth , especially among Noble personages , in whose houses flatterers do most of all abound , onely to enioy the goods which they possesse . This is confirmed by many liuely examples , sundry probabilities out of holy Scripture , & other similitudes : All which do plainly prooue , how displeasing to God , and hurtfull to men , is this wicked vice of flattery , that ( like another Iudas ) kils a man with kissing . Chap. 8. Fol. 82. Discoursing of the leasing and lying tongue , what an infamous sinne a lye is , and how highly God is pleased with truth : of whose excellencie and beautie , ariseth a profitable short discourse , concluding , that a strict silence is more commendable , then telling of lyes , which are greatly displeasing to God , because he is the truth himselfe . Also approouing , that lying is so brutish and damnble , as no one can so much as thinke thereon , without a purpose , to deface some part of truth . Chap. 9. Fol. 96. Herein , according to the course hitherto continued , they now discourse on the seuerall tongues of the detractor and murmurer , and vpon what occasion , the Deuill ( hauing a great delight to lye , and accuse vs ) was said to be dumbe . Herein likewise are handled many deceipts of the Deuill , many mysteries of confessing our sinnes vnto God : and how one Angell is said to speak vnto another , without sight of each other : A discourse very curious , learned and profitable . Chap. 10. Fol. 111. Continuing on still the same matter and discourse , with diuers other excellent reproofes of this mightie sinne of vnwillingnesse to repent , and easing our consciences of the heauy burthen of sinne , wherein no silence is to be kept . And that the detractors tongue is like the Serpents : Also , how we ought sometime to crye out , & sometimes to hold our peace . Chap. 11. Fol. 127. Discoursing on the murmuring and detracting tongue , & how fitlye it should bee bound to eternall silence ; for the praise thereof is shame , and the honour , most hatefull . Also , that the detractor is not onely abhominable , but is meerely abhomination it selfe : for whatsoeuer hee sees , he makes a most vile interpretation thereof . Chap. 12. Fol. 137. Murmuring is an infectious sinne , worse then any other disease , and easie to bee taken , therefore it behooueth vs to fly the company of talkeatiue detractors , because they are the originall of many euilles . Whence it is that murmuring first ariseth . What punishment God hath inflicted on murmurers : who haue leapt out of themselues ( as it were ) to fasten holde on other mens imperfections , and stealing much lesse then they looked for , at last vtterly lost all . How they haue ioined the tongue with the ear ; how they haue deceiued themselues ouer-much in iudgement , by their owne dangerous facility in speaking euill of all men , to which God will giue ( as a chastisement ) a perpetuall silence . With an exhortation of the holy ghost , not to defame , but to refraine speaking euill of our neighbor . Chap. 13. Fol. 147. There is not any thing more vneasie or insupportable , neyther lesse deseruing loue , then the tongue of the slaunderer and deprauer . And more easilie the Aegyptians might suffer the plague offrogges , then we can endure the defamers tongue . What the cause was , why God sent such a punishment vpon the Aegyptians , by creatures so vile , & vn apt to offend . How difficult a thing it is to heale the plague of the tongue , declaring and approouing , that God onely must heale it : as he healed Aegypt , purified the lips of Esay , and restored speech to the dumbe . The murmurer is worse then a theefe , & is figured in the rauenous birdes , reiected in the diuine sacrifices . Chap. 14. Fol. 156. Discoursing of the double tongue , to wit , that of the hypocrite and false man , who hath one thing in his mouth , and another in his heart : Whereby he makes himselfe hatefull to God , to the very deuils , and also to men . Of an hypocrite , what thing it is , how hardly he is to be knowen of men , and of deuils : being compared to the Comedian ; the gallant dogge , that hath a smooth quicke tongue ; and to the vapour exhaled by the Sunne vp into the ayre . The hypocrite hath his mouth in heauen , and his tongue on earth . And he is also compared to the swoord of Holofernes , of Saul , and of Goliah , &c. Chapter . 15. Fol. 166. The hypocrite , because he hath holie words onely , without deeds , is compared to the glow-worme : to the statue which Nebuchadnezzer saw in his dreame , that had a head of gold onelie : he hath his left hand about God , & his right vnder his head . He hath more faces thē one , disfiguring it to appear onely , but not to be good indeed : he goes foorth of his owne confines ; he suffers himselfe to be guided in his actions , like vnto a brute beast : with his best vertue he buieth slēder rewards , & hangs his praise vpon other mens lips . He is like to the brood hen , that cals her young ones to eat , & almost starues her selfe to death : like to the theefe , that shooes a horse backward , to deceiue the pursuer ; with many other worthy by comparisons against the double hypocriticall tongue . Chap. 16. Fol. 173. The tongue of the hypocrite , when it teacheth or instructeth , is like manie brāches , seuerally grafted vpon one stock : or , as when vpō thornes , there hangeth grapes : or like the foolish virgins , that had euery thing answerable to the wise , but yet staied without ; whereon , a notable doubt is resolued . It is also compared to the Estridge whose wings doe resemble the Haukes in colour , but yet are not able to beare her body aloft . Or like to the vaine woman , who because she would seeme faire , paints her selfe . How much it behooues vs to be readie , in subduing the appetite of vaine-glorie , which is discouered most , in striuing to speake fine and curiouslie . Chap. 17. Fol. 182. Heerein these are reprooued , that are good onely of their tongue , but wicked in their deedes . Resembling the poore man , who would faine take a rich wife , but ( in regard of his pouerty ) none in his owne country will accept of him : Wherefore , cloathing him selfe in strange garments , he trauailes to speede where he is not knowen . Such men are compared to builders , that lay vnwrought stones in the foundation , but aloft to the eye , they place curious stones of richer labour . They are also like to Pyrates on the Seas , with lying banners : like as the Sichemites : like to Iosephs cloake : like to the wife of Potifar : and like to the aprons of figge leaues , which Adam and Eue made for themselues . They are like to Ahaz the king : like to the Dolphine : like to the Physitian , that cures others , yet helps not himselfe . They are like to the white wall shewne to Ezekiel : they are good for others , and hurtfull to them selues : Here is some speeche vsed , of the greate paines threatned to such , as also of the reprehension , which God in his iudgement will giue them : A subiect , by howe much the more curious , by so much it is the more true and profitable . Chap. 18 Fol. 190. Herein is declared , that the sinne of blasphemy is most greate and greeuous , insomuch that it exceedeth euery other sinne , euen of the infidelles , and of the Iewes , who crucified our Lord and Sauiour . It is aggrauated by many circumstāces , and hath no apparāt excuse , as diuers other sinnes may seeme to haue . It is a sinne eternall , in regard of the exercise thereof ; because among all sinnes , blasphemy only remaineth with the damned , euen as charity dooth among the blessed , and is punished with euery part of the law . It is the sinne of vnthankefulnesse ; the punishment whereof sometime beginneth in this world , and yet is neuer finished . It is a manifest signe of damnatiō , & a sin so abhominable , as the holy Scripture somtime forbeareth to name it , among the rehersall of other grieuous offēces . A discourse very profitable , ingenious , necessarie & worthy to be noted for feare of fulling into a sin so horrible and detestable . Chap. 19. fol. 201 ▪ Approuing that it is better to haue no tongue at al , and to be silent eternally , then to fall into any of the before remembred vices . What benefit ensueth by the priuation of speeche , of which , although wee should haue no vse at all , yet we are not voyde of the speeche of the mind ; which is much more excellent , and sooner listned vnto by god himselfe , then to the carelesse and idle babling of the lippes . He that wanteth speeche , is disburdened of a heauy loade , and may the easier preserue himselfe from many heauy charges : because by the tongue of the body , we please men onely , but by the tongue of the hart , we become pleasing to God. Euery man hath two lips , but the iust man hath his vpper lip much greater then the nether . Contrarywise , the wicked man hath his nether lip so great , as therewith he couereth his whole face , and all the strength of bad men consisteth in their lips ; which is approued by a short , yet sweet discourse , and afterward pleasingly concluded on the behalfe of silence , approuing it to be much more allowable then speeche . Chap. 20. Fol. 216. Hee that would talke with God , must eyther learne to bee silent , or speake fa●re otherwise then hee did before : because his hearte is to bee first purged of wicked thoughtes , and his lippes made cleane from speaking of euill . Hee that conferres with God , must either holde his peace , or speake very little , in regarde of the greatenesse of diuine mysteries . Or hee must talke highlie , by a newe kinde of speaking , as being lifted up by diuine assistaunce of the holy Ghost . For approbation whereof , diuers sound testimonies out of sacred Scripture are produced . As of Moyses , Ieremie , Daniell , Paule , and the other Apostles . Silence also makes the foole to seeme wise , and the want of speeche is the gift of God , as well as talking in many languages . Heerin likewise is discoursed , whence it proceedeth that some are borne dumbe , and others very harde in deliuery of theyr wordes , or else doe speake very slowly . Chap. 20. Fol. 226. To the end , that in our discoursing we should not grow offensiue to God , it behooueth vs ( with deuout heartes ) to beg of him that he woulde purifie our mindes , and purge our lippes . According as Dauid did , who prayed to the Lord that he would open his mouth , to the end that he might worthily praise him . And , without him , we cannot speake well , because he hath the key of our mouth . Which is approued by a sentence produced out of Esay , where he saith , that Christ is the key of Dauid . He therwith openeth the mouth , and giueth not much of what we knowe to aske for , because we should require things correspondent to his greatnesse . Moreouer , not only are the Lippes opened therewith , but likewise the heart , the vnderstanding , the Scriptures , types and figures , yea , heauen it selfe , and the mouthes of the saintes and Prophets : and without this keye , all things remain● shut vp , and euery mouth dumbe Chap. 22. Fol. 239 That aboundance of words ( without wisedome ) is not called eloquence , but loquacity or babling . Therfore our words ought first to be brought to the file , ere to the tongue , to auoide the errour of our folly in speaking . Therefore we should pray vnto the Lord , that it would please him to open our mouthes , and fill them with the holy spirit of wisedome , vsing euery morning duely , some especiall godly prayer , meete for such a purpose . And because Intùs existens Prohibet extraneum ; we cannot be capable of the blessed spirit , except we first euacuate our owne proper spirit , which is the occasion of infinite defects . We must know , that there are not so many letters in the Alphabet , as are the errours hourely committed by the tongue , that is not skild rightly in speaking of God. Heerein likewise is declared , what that race or stoke is , whereof the wise man speaketh , who haue in steed of teeth , sharpe swoords . Also , what wisedome is , according to the Philosophers , Peripatetikes , Stoickes & Diuines , with many other memorable matters beside . Chap. 23. Fol. 251. From whence it ensueth that man ( being a creature so noble ) yet notwithstanding , he committeth greater errours then any other creature whatsoeuer . How God hath giuen him many helpes to preserue him from sinne , and particularly , the prec●pt of brotherly correction , committed into the power of the tongue . The necessitie and excellencie whereof is heere discoursed on . And that silence ( in such a case ) is prooued great babbling , and a grieuous sinne , because the tongue may be a safety to our neighbour . They also shew the way which we ought to obserue , in correcting of our neighbour , as also the qualitie of the precept it selfe , by approoued sound doctrine , and testimonies of holy Scripture . Chap. 24. Fol. 262 Wherein is discoursed , how important the precept of brotherly correction is , and for auoiding error therein , all the words which our Sauiour vsed , in giuing the precept , are diligently examined , and diuers good considerations in that behalfe alledged . Moreouer , they handle seuerally the number of corrections , which are to be vsed to our neigbor , and by the office of the tongue , all iustified and warranted by proofes of Scripture . Chap. 25. Fol. 274. A Table of the Authorities , alleaged by the Author , out of the sacred Scriptures in this present worke , the better to declare his exposition of them . Genesis . Chap. 4. 13. MY sin is greater , then it can be pardoned . fol. 20 ▪ Chap. 11. 4. Come , let vs build vs a city and a Tower , whose top may reache vnto heauen , that we may get vs a name , least we be scattered vpon the whole earth . fol. 24 Chap. 3. 2. 3. 4. VVe eate of the fruits of the trees of the Garden . But of the fruit of the tree , which is in the midst of the Garden , God hath said ; you shall not eat of it , neither shall you touch it , least that you dy . fol. 38. Chap. 31. 47. Laban called it in his own language Tumulus testis , and Iacob called it Aceruus testimonij . fol. 104 Chap. 23. 13. Abraham said to Ephron , I will giue thee the price of the field , receiue it of me , and I will bury my dead there ? ibid. Chap. 11. 5. The Lord came downe to see the city and the Tower , which the sons of Adam builded , &c. fol. 113 Chap. 3. 12. The woman which thou gauest to be with me , she gaue me of the tree , and I did eate , &c. fol. 119 Chap. 37. 11. But his Father noted well the saying . fol. 136 Chap. 18. 20. 21. Then the Lord said , Because the cry of Sodome and Gomorrah is great , and because their sin is exceeding greeuous : I will go downe , and see whether they haue don altogether according to that cry , which is come vp vnto me ; and if not , that I may know . fol. 154. Chap. 27. 22. The voyce 〈…〉 hands of Esau . fol. 180 Chap. 1. 8. God called the firmament heauen . fol. 192 Chap. 34. 22. 23. If all the men children among vs be circumcised , as they are circumcised , shall not their flocks , & their substance , and all their cattell be ours ? fol. 193 Chap. 37. 33. It is my Sons coat , a wicked beast hath deuoured him , Ioseph is surely torne in pieces . fol. 195 Chap. 39. 12. He left his garment in her hand , and got him out . fol. 196 Chap. 3. 7. They sewed fig tree leaues together , and made them selues breeches , &c. ibid. Chap. 18. 27. I haue begun to speak vnto my Lord , and I am but dust and ashes , fol. 236 Chap. 3. 24. And at the East side of the garden of Eden , he set the Cherubims , and the blade of a sword shaken , to keep the way of the tree of life . fol. 246. Chap 8. 11. And the doue came to him in the Euening , and loe in her mouth was an Oliue leafe that she had pluckt ; whereby Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth . fol. 270 Chap. 45. 24. And he said vnto them : fall not out by the way ▪ fol. 275 Chap. 4. 23. Then Lamech sayd vnto his wiues Adah and Zillah , Heare my voice yee wiues of Lamech , hearken vnto my speech : for I would slaye a man in my wound , and a young man in myne hurt . fol. 277 Chap. 4. 10. The voyce of thy brothers bloud crieth vnto me from the earth . fol. 276 Exodus . Chap. 34. 6. The Lord God is strong , mercifull and gratious , flow to anger , and aboundant in goodnesse and truth . fol. 58 Chap. 32. 4. 5. 6. These be thy Gods O Israel , which brought thee out of the land of Aegypt , &c. fol. 95. Chap. 15. 1. 2. We wil sing vnto the Lord , for he hath triumphed gloriously : the horse , and him that rode vpon him , hath he thrown in the Sea. fol. 148 Chap. 8. 2. 3. 4. Behold , I wil smite all thy country with frogs . And the Riuer shall s●rall full of frogs , which shall goe vp & come into thine house , & into the chamber where thou sleepest , & vpon thy bed , and into the house of thy seruants , and vpon thy people , and into thine O●ens , and into thy kneading troughs . Yea , the Frogs shall climb vp vpon thee , and on thy people , and vpon all thy seruants . fol. 157 Chap. 14. 15. Wherefore cryest thou vnto me ? fol. 220 Chap. 25. 24. 25. And thou shalt couer it with pure gold , & make thereto a crown of gold round about . Thou shalt also make vnto it a border of foure fingers round about , and thou shalt make a goulden crowne round about the border thereof . fol. 223 Chap. 4. 10. Oh my Lord , I am not eloquent , neither at any time haue bin , nor yet since thou hast spoken vnto thy seruant , but I am slow of speech and slow of tongue . fol. 229 Chap. 40. 2. The first day of the first moneth , thou shalt set vp the Tabernacle called the Tabernacle of the congregation . And thou shalt put therein the Arke of the Testimony , and couer the Ark with the vaile . fol. 246 Leuìticus . Chap. 11. 13. These shall ye haue also in abhomination among the Foules , they shall not be eaten , &c. fol. 67 Chap. 24. 14. 16. Bring the blasphemer without the hoast , and let all that heard him , put their hand , vpon his head , and let all the congregation stone him . And he that blasphemeth the name of the lord shall be put to death . fol. 14 Numbers . Chap. 19. 15. The vessels that be open , and haue no couering fastned vpon them , shall be vncleane . fol. 26 ▪ Chap. 24. 17. There shal come a star of Iacob , and a scepter shall arise of Israel , &c. fol. 51 ▪ Chap. 22. 28. 29. 30. What haue I done vnto thee , that thou hast smitten me now three times ? &c. fol. 118. 229 Deuteronomy . Chap. 22. 11. Thou shalt not weare a garment of diuers sorts , as of wollen and linnen together . fol. 87 Chap. 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. Because she cryed not , being in the City . But if a man finde a betrothed maide in the field , and force her , and lye with her , then the man that lay with her shal dye alone . And vnto the maide thou shalt doo nothing , because there is in the maide no cause of death : for as when a man riseth against his neighbour , and woundeth him to death , so is this matter . For he founde her in the field , the maide cryed , and there was no man to succoure her . &c. fol. 127. Chap. 14. 15. 19. The Estrich nor the night crow . And euery creeping thing that flyeth , shall be vncleane vnto yee , it shall not be eaten . fol. 161 Chap. 6. 16. You shall not tempt the Lord your God. fol. 194 Chap. 24. 10. 11. Thou shalt not goe into his house to fetch his pledge . But thou shalt stand without , and the man that borrwed it of thee , shal bring the pledge out of the doors vnto thee . fol. 276 Iudges . Chap. 14. 18. What is sweeter then hony ? Chap. 7. 20. The sword of the Lord , and of Gedeon . fol. 187 1. Samuel . Chap. 19. 24. And Saul stript off his garments , and he prophecied also before Samuel , and fell down naked all that day & al that night : therfore they say , Is Saul also among the Prophets ? fol. 71 2. Samuel . Chap. 1. 16. Thy bloud be vpon thine own head , for thine own mouth hath testified against thee , saying : I haue slaine the Lords annointed . fol. 65. & 218 Chap. 20. 9. 10. Art thou in health my brother ? And Ioab tooke Amasa by the beard , &c. fol. 168s 1. Kings . Chap. 19. 9. 10. What dost thou here Elias ? And he answered , I haue bin very zealous for the Lord God of hoasts , for the children of Israel haue forsaken thy couenant , broken downe thine Altars , and slain thy Prophets with the sword , and I only am left , and they seek my life , to take it away , &c. fol. 73 Chap. 21. 10. And the wicked men witnessed against Naboth in the presence of the people , saying ; Naboth did blaspheme God & the king . Then they caried him away out of the city , and stoned him with stones , that he died . fol. 211 Chap. 10. 5. She was greatly astonied , and there was no more spirit in her . fol. 234 2. Kings . Chap. 4. 32. 33. 34. Then came Elisha into the house , and behold , the child was dead , and laid vpon his bed . He went in therfore , and shut the door vpon them twaine , and prayed vnto the Lord. After he went vp , and lay vpon the child , and put his mouth on his mouth , & his eyes vpon his eyes , and his hands vpon his hands , and stretched himselfe vpon him , and the flesh of the child waxed warm . fol. 271 2. Chron. Chap. 32. 15. 16. 17. For none of al the gods of any natiō or kingdō able to deliuer his people out of my hand , and out of the hand of my fathers : how much lesse shall your God deliuer you out of my hand ? And his seruants spake yet more against the Lord God , and against his seruant Ezechias . He wrote also letters , blaspheming the Lord God of Israel , and speaking against him . fol. 64. Nehemiah . Chap. 4. 17. 18. And they that builded , did the work with one hand , and with the other held a sword . For euery one of the builders had his sword girded on his loynes . fol. 189. Iob. Chap. 39. 38. Once haue I spoken , but I will answer no more . fol. 4. Chap. 13. 5. Oh that you wold hould your peace , that it might be imputed to you for wisedome . fol. 5 , Chap. 10. 1. I will speake in the bitternesse of my soule . fol. 26. Chap. 4. 2. Who can withhould himself from speaking ? fol. 34. Chap. 33. 14. For God speaketh once or twise , and one seeth it not . fol. 43. Chap. 20. 5. The ioy of hypocrites is but a moment . fol. 171 Chap. 8. 13. The hopes of Hypocrites shall perish . fol. 177 Chap. 39. 16. Hast thou giuen the pleasant wings vnto the Peacocks , or wings and feathers vnto the Estrich ? fol. 186 Chap. 2. 11. Touch al that he hath , to see if he wil not blaspheme thee to thy face . fol. 112 Chap. 2. 9. Then said his wife vnto him , doest thou continue yet in thine vprightnesse ? Blaspheme God , and dy . ibid. Chap. 28. 28. And vnto man he sayd ; Behold , the feare of the lord is wisedome , and to depart from euil , is vnderstanding . fol. 256 Dauids Psalmes . Psalm . 45. 1. 2. My heart will vtter foorth a good matter , I will intreate in my works of the king . My tongue is as the pen of a swift writer . fol. 31 Psalm . 31. 3. While I held my tongue my bones consumed . fol. 4 Psalm . 140. 3. All the labour of a man is for his mouth . fol. 9 Psalm . 112. 1. 2. Blessed be the name of the Lord , from hencefoorth and for euer . The Lords name is praised from the rising of the Sun , vnto the going down of the same . The Lord is aboue al nations , and his glory is aboue the heauens . fol. 13 Psalm . 15. 1. 2. 3. Lord , who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle , and who shall rest vpon thy holy mountaine ? &c. fol. 18 Psalm . 140. 3. Set a watch ( O Lord ) before my mouth , & keep the door of my lips . fol. 22. Psalm 5. 11. Their throate is an open sepulcher , and they flatter with their tongue . fol. 27. Psalm . 50. 16. Open thou my lips O Lord , and my mouth shall shew foorth thy prayse . fol. 33. Psalm . 119. 131. I opened my mouth and panted . ibid. Psalm . 38. 13. But I , as a deafe man heard not , and am as a ●umb man , that openeth not his mouth . ibid. Psalm . 56. 4. Their tongue is a sharpe sword . fol. 39 Psalm . 62. 18. One time only God spake , and these two I heard , that power belongeth vnto God , and to thee O Lord mercy , for thou rewardest euery one according to his work . fol. 43 Psalm . 2. 7. The Lord hath said vnto me : Thou art my Son , this day haue I begotten thee . fol. 45. Psalm . 64. 1. O Lord , praise waiteth for thee in Sion . ibid. Psalm . 115. 2. Euery man is a lyer . fol. 47 Psalm . 5. 6. Thou shalt destroy all them that speak lyes . ibid. Psalm . 61. 9. The children of men are vanity , the cheefe men are lyers , to lay them vpon a balance , they are altogether lighter then vanity it selfe . fol. 48 Psalm . 52. 12. God looked down from heauen vpon the children of men , to see if there were any that would vnderstand , and seeke God. Euery one is gone back , they are altogether corrupt , there is none that doth good , no not one . ibid. Psalm . 81. 6. I haue said you are Gods , and you are all children of the most high . ibid. Psalm . 43. 3. Send thy light and thy truth , let them lead me , let them bring mee vnto thy holy mountaine , and to thy Tabernacle . fol. 49 Psalm . 38. 8. Surely , man in his best estate , is altogether vanity . ibid. Psalm . 41. 10. Open thy mouth wide , & I wil fill it . fol. 52 Psalm . 38. 1. 2. I sayd I will take heed to my wayes , that I sin not with my tongue . I will keep my mouth bridled , while the wicked are in sight . fol. 54 Psalm . 38. 3. I was dumb and spake nothing , I kept silence , euen from good . fol. 55 Psalm . 129. 86. All thy commandements are true , ibid. Psalm . 4. 5. Be angry , but sin not . fol. 59 Psalm . 3. 3. 7. 8. Thou O Lord art a buckler for me , my glory , and the lifter vp of my head , &c. Thou hast smitten all mine enemies ( without cause ) vpon the cheek bone , thou hast broken the teeth of the wicked . Saluation belongeth vnto thee O Lord , &c. fol. 61 Psalm . 77. 4. I was astonied , and could not speake . ibid. Psalm . 34. 12. 13. VVhat man is he that desireth life , and loueth long laies for to see good . Keep thy tongue from euil , & thy lips that they speake no guile . fol. 63 Psalm . 64. 3. 4. They haue whet their tongues like a sword , and shot for their arrowes bitter words : to shoot at the vpright in secret , they shoote at him suddenly , and feare not . ibid. Psalm . 64. 8. They shall cause their tongue to fal vpon them , and whosoeuer shall see them , shall fly away . fol. 64 Psalm . 29. 4. 5. The voyce of the Lord is mighty , the voyce of the Lord is glorious . The voyce of the Lord breaketh the Cedars . fol. 69 Psalm . 140. 3. They haue sharpened their tongues like Serpents : Adders poyson is vnder their lips . fol. 79 Psalm . 22. 20. Deliuer my soule from the sword , my desolate soule from the power of the dog . fol. 80 Psalm . 77. 6. I called to remembraunce my song in the night , I communed with mine owne heart , and my spirit searched diligently . fol. 83 Psalm . 40. 9. I will not refraine my lips , O Lord thou knowest . fol. 84 Psalm . 140. 8. Let the mischief of their own lips come vpon them . ibid. Psalm . 4. 5. Examine your own harts , and in your chambers and be still . fol. 85 Psalm . 4. 6. Offer the sacrifices of righteousnesse , &c. ibid. Psalm . 50. 18. The sacrifices of God , are a contrite spirite , a contrite and a broken hearte ( O God ) thou wilt not despise . ibid. Psalm . 141. 5. Let the righteous smite me , for that is a benefit , & let him reprooue me , and it shall be a pretious oyle , that shall not break mine head . fol. 86 ▪ Psalm . 31. 18. Let the lying lips be made dumb . ibid. Psalm . 12. 1. 2. The faithfull are failed from among the children of men . They speake deceitfully euery man with his neighbour , flattering with their lippes , and speake with a double hearte . fol. 91 Psalm . 13. 5. Their throat is an open sepulcher , with their tongues they haue deceiued . fol. 92 Psalm . 119. 86. All thy commandements are truth . fol. 97 Psalm . 91. 4. His truth shall be thy shield and buckler . ibid. Psalm . 5. 9. There is no truth in their mouth , within they are very corruption . fol. 100 Psalm . 4. 2. O you sonnes of men , how long will you turne my glory into shame , louing vanity , and seeking lyes ! ibid. Psalm . 132. 11. The Lord hath sworn in truth vnto Dauid , and he wil not shrink from it , &c. ibid. Psalm . 145. 18. The Lord is neere vnto all that call vpon him in truth . ibid. Psalm . 15. 1. 2. 3. Lord , who shall dwell in thy Tabernacle , who shall rest in thy holy mountaine ? He that speaketh the truth in his hearte , hee that hath no guile in his tongue . ibid. Psalm . 117. 2. The truth of the Lord endureth for euer . fol. 107 ▪ Psalm . 69. 2. I stick fast in the deep mire . fol. 126 ▪ Psalm . 120. 2. When I was in trouble , I called vpon the Lord , & he heard me . ibid. Psalm . 35. 10. All my bones shal say : Lord , who is like vnto thee ? fol. 131 Psalm . 73. 9. They stretch foorth their mouth vnto heauen , and their tongue goeth through the world . fol. 145 Psalm . 50. 21. Thou thoughtst wickedly , that I am euen such a one as thy selfe , but I will reprooue thee , and set before thee the things that thou hast done . fol. 152 Psalm . 33. 19. Let the vngodly be put to confusion , and be put to silence in the graue . Let the lying lippes be put to silence . ibid. Psalm . 31. 20. Which cruelly and disdainfully and despightfully speak against the righteous . ibid. Psalm . 119. 134. O deliuer me from the slanders of men , and I will keep thy precepts . ibid. Psalm . 105. 30. Their land brought foorth Frogs , euen in their kings chambers . fol. 157 Psalm . 57.5 . The children of men , whose teeth are speares and arrowes , and their tongue a sharp sword . fol. 163 Psalm . 78. 36. They flattered him with their mouth , and dissembled with him with their tongue . For their hart was not , vpright with him , neither were they faithfull in his couenant . fol. 170 Psalm . 68. 25. The tongue of thy dogs , in the bloud of thine enemies . fol. 171 Psalm . 110. 2. The Lord said vnto my Lord , sit thou at my right hand . fol. 174 Psalm . 73. 24. Thou hast receiued me to glory . ibid. Psalm . 3. 3. My glory , and the lifter vp of my head . ibid. Psalm . 2. 9. Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron , & breake them in pieces like a potters vessell . fol. 175 Psalm . 115. 1. Not vnto vs O Lord , not vnto vs , but vnto thy name giue the glory . fol. 176 Psalm . 45. 13. Shee is al glorious within , her cloathing is of broydered gold . fol 195 Psalm . 50. 16. 17. Why dost thou preache my lawes , and takest my couenant in thy mouth ? whereas thou hatest to be reformed , and hast cast my words behind thee . fol. 196 Psalm . 36. 8. They shall be satisfied with the fatnesse of thine house , and thou shalt giue them drinke out of the riuer of thy pleasures . fol. 198 Psalm . 119. 55. Blessed are they Lord , that dwell in thy house , for they shall praise thee for euer and euer . fol. 210 Psalm . 119. 91. They continue euen to this day by thine ordināces , for all are thy seruants . fol. 212 Psalm . 150. 6. Let euery thing that hath breath , prayse the Lord. ibid. Psalm . 113. 1. Praise O ye seruants of the Lord , praise the name of the Lord. fol. 219 Psalm . 139. 15. My bones are not hid from thee , though I was made in a secret place . fol. 220 Psalm . 45. 2. Grace is powred in thy lips , because God hath blessed thee for euer . fol. 222 Psalm . 8. 5. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honour . fol. 223 Psalm . 115. 5. 6. 7. They haue eyes and see not , they haue noses & smell not , they haue eares and heare not , they haue hands and touch not , they haue mouthes and eate not . fol. 224. Psalm . 65. 1. O God , prayse waiteth for thee in Sion . fol. 231 Psalm . 28. 5. They vnderstood not the works of the lord . fol. 246 Psalm . 129. 3. The plowers plowed vpon my back , and made long furrowes . fol. 247 Psalm . 40. 3. And he hath put in my mouth a new Song , of praise vnto our God. fol. 248 Psalm . 51. 1. Haue mercy vpon me O God , according to the multitude of thy compassions . fol. 249 Psalm . 104. 29. 30. If thou take away their breath , they dy , and return to their dust . Again if thou send foorth thy spirit , they are created , and thou renewest the face of the earth . fol. 254 Psalm . 111. 9. The feare of the Lord is the beginning of wisedome . fol. 256 Psalm . 10. 6. 7. For he hath said in his hart , Tush , I shall neuer be cast down , there shall no harme happen vnto me . His mouth is full of cursing , deceipt and fraude , vnder his tongue is vngodlinesse and vanity . fol. 257 Psalm . 14. 3. 4. The Lord looked down from heauen vpon the children of men , to see if there were any that would vnderstand , and seek after God. But they are all gone out of the way , they are altogether become abhominable , there is none that doeth good , no not one . fol. 265 Psalm . 69. 1. Saue me O God , for the waters are com in , euen vnto my soule . fol. 270 Psalm . 107. 18. Their soule abhorred all manner of meat , & they were euen at deaths door . fol. 272 Psalm . 73. 21. I was ignorant , euen as it were a beast before thee . fol. 275 Prouerbs of Salomon . Chap. 18. 21. Life and death are in the power of the tongue . fol. 4 Chap. 10. 9. The foolish in talk shall be beaten . ibid. Chap. 17. 29. A foole when he holdeth his peace , is accounted wise , and he that stoppeth his lips prudent . fol. 5 Chap. 10. 20. In many words there cannot want iniquity , but he that refraineth his tongue , is wise . fol. 11 Chap. 15. 14. A soft answere putteth away wrath : but greeuous wordes stirre vp anger . A wholesome tongue is a tree of life , but the frowardnesse thereof is the breaking of the mind . fol. 20 Chap. 25. 29. A man that refraineth not his speech , is like a city which is broken down , and without wals . fol. 22 Chap. 13. 3. He that keepeth his mouth and his tongue , keepeth his soule from destruction . fol. 23 Chap. 18. 4. The words of a wise mans mouth , are like deepe waters . fol. 30 Chap. 14. 25. VVhere many words are , there want attendeth . ibid. Chap. 16. 1. The answer of the tongue , is of the Lord. fol. 30 Chap. 15. 2. The mouth of a foole , babbleth out foolishnesse . fol 57 Chap. 12. 18. The tongue of a wise man is health . fol. 71 Chap. 27. 6. The wounds of a louer are better then the false kisses of an enemy . fol. 86 Chap. 23. 31. 32. Looke not thou vpon the wine when it is red , and when it sheweth his colour in the cup , it goeth down pleasantly . But in the end it will bite like a Serpent , and hurt like a Cockatrice . fol. 92 Chap. 16. 24. Faire words are as the hony-combes sweetnesse to the soule , and health to the bones . fol. 129 Chap. 17. 11. A seditious person seeketh only euil , & a cruel messenger shall be sent against him . fol. 141 Chap. 14. 2. He that walketh in his righteousnesse , feareth the Lord : but he that is lewde in his wayes , despiseth him . fol. 143 Chap. 24. 9. The detractor is abhomination . fol. 144 Chap. 10. 23. It is a pastime to a foole to do wickedly . fol. 151 Chap. 17. 21. A naughty tongue shall fall into euil . fol. 172 Chap. 4. 23. Keep thine heart with all diligence , for thereout commeth life . fol. 221 Chap. 12. 23. The lying lippes are abhomination to the Lord. fol. 224 Chap. 18. 6. A fools lips causeth strife . ibid. Chap. 15. 7. His lips are a snare for his soule . ibid. Chap. 30. 14. There is a generation , whose teeth are as swords . fol. 258 Ecclesiastes , and Ecclesiasticus . Chap. 51. 30. The Lord hath giuen me a tongue for my reward , wherewith I will praise him . fol. 3 Chap. 3. 1. 7. To all things there is an appointed time , a time to keep silence , and a time to speake . fol. 4 Chap. 15. 18. Learne before thou speake . fol. 8 Chap. 6. 7. All the labour of man , is for his mouth . fol. 9 Chap. 22. 26. VVho shall set a watch before my mouth , and a seale of wisedome vpon my lips , that I fall not suddenly by them , & that my tongue destroy me not ? ibid. Chap. 32. 8. Thou that are yong , speake if need require , and yet scarcely when thou art twise asked . fol. 13 Chap. 30. 12. 8. Bow down the neck of thy son while he is yong . An vntamed horse wil be stubborne , and a wanton child wil be wilfull . fol. 18 Chap. 28. 29. Weigh thy words in a ballance , and make a sure bridle for thy mouth . fol. 28 Chap. 9. 17. The words of the wise are more heard in silence , then the cry of him that ruleth among fools . fol. 31 Chap. 11. 30. 2 Iudge no man blessed before his death , for a man is knowne by his children . Commend no man in his life time . fol. 37 Chap. 28. 25. Make a doore , and a bar , & a bridle for thy mouth . fol. 38 Chap. 21. 14. The hearte or inner partes of a foole are like a broken vessell , he can keepe no knowledge whiles he liueth . fol. 40 Chap. 20. 7. A wise man will hold his tongue till he see opportunity , but a foole and a trifler wil regard no time . ibid. Chap. 28. 22. There be many that haue perished by the edge of the sword , but not so many as haue falne by the tongue , &c. fol. 41 Chap. 40. 21. The pipe and the Psalterion make a sweet noise , but the stroake of the tongue breaketh the boanes . ibid. Chap. 32. 6. Powre not out words where there is no audience . fol. 45 Chap. 15. 5. In the midst of the congregation shall he open his mouth , with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding shall he fill him , and cloath him with the garment of glory . fol. 51 Chap. 15. 1. A soft answer putteth away wrath , but greeuous words stir vp anger . fol. 67 Chap. 20. 15. They that eate his breade , speake euill of him . fol. 90 Chap. 20. 24. A theefe is better then a man that is accustomed to ly , they both shall haue destruction to heritage . fol. 110 Chap. 28. 16. The double tongue hath disquieted many , and driuen them from nation to nation . fol. 112 Chap. 9. 12. No man doth know his time , but as the fishes which are taken in an euill net , or as the birds that are caught in the snare : so are the children of men snared in the euil time , when it falleth vpon them suddenly . fol. 124 Chap. 30. 25. Sorrow hath slaine many , and there is no profit in it . fol. 129 Chap. 21. 4. All iniquity is as a two edged sword , the wounds therof cannot be healed . fol. 133 Chap. 15. 9. Praise is not seemly in the mouth of a sinner , for that it is not sent of the Lord. fol. 143 Chap. 11. 31. Of one little spark is made a great fire , and of one deceitfull man is bloud increased . fol. 148 Chap. 16. 9. Hast thou heard any thing against thy neighbour ? let it dy in thee . fol. 145 Chap. 5. 11. Be not caried about with euery wind , and go not into euery way , for so dooth the sinner that hath a double tongue . fol. 166 Chap. 27. 25. 26. 27. VVhoso casteth a stone on high , casteth it vpon his own head , and he that smiteth with guile , maketh a great wound , &c. fol. 165 Chap. 45. 12. A crowne of gould vpon his head , bearing the form and marke of holinesse . fol. 223 Chap. 2. 6. Some man houldeth his tongue , because he hath not to answer , and some keepeth silence , waiting a conuenient time . fol. 227 Chap. 15. 5. 6. In the midst of the congregation shall she open his mouth , with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding shall she fill him , & cloath him with the garmēt of glory . She shall cause him to inherit ioy , and the crowne of gladnesse , and an euerlasting name . fol. 252 Canticles or Salomons Song . Chap. 4. 3. Thy lips are like a thread of Scarlet , and thy talke is sweet . fol. 22 Chap. 2. 14. Let me heare thy voice , for thy voice is sweet . fol. 23 Chap. 2. 6. His left hand is vnder my head , and his right hand doth imbrace me . fol. 174 Chap. 4. 16. Arise O North , and come O South , and blow on my garden , that the spices thereof may fly foorth , &c. fol. 255 Chap. 6. 3. Terrible is an Army with banners . fol. 282 The Prophet Esay . Chap. 6. 5. Woe be to me because I held my peace . fol. 4 Chap. 14. 12. 13. I will ascend aboue the highest of the cloudes , and exalt my throane beside the starres of God. I will sit vpon the mount in the congregation of the North , and I will be like to the most high . fol. 21 Chap. 30. 15. In quietnesse and in hope shall be your strength . fol. 27 Chap. 32. 17. The beauty of iustice is quietnesse . fol. 29 Chap. 45. 9. My secrets I keep to my selfe , &c. fol. 42 Chap. 14. 15. But thou shalt be brought downe to the graue , to the sides of the pit . fol. 52 Chap. 37. 36. The Angell of the Lord went out , and smote in the campe of Ashur , an hundred fourescore and fiue thousand . fol. 64 Chap. 2. 4. They shal break their swords into mattocks or plough-shares , and their speares into Sithes . fol. 74 Chap. 29. 13. This people come neer vnto me with their mouth , and honor me with their lips , but haue remooued their hearts farre from me . fol. 88 Chap. 56. 10. They are all dumb dogs , they cannot barke . fol. 90 Chap. 3. 12. O my people , they that terme you happy , do deceiue you . fol. 93 Chap. 52. 2. Vnty , or take from thy neck , the snare that houlds thee captiue , Oh daughter Sion . fol. 121 Chap. 62. 6. I haue set watchmen vpon thy walles , O Ierusalem , which all the daye and all the night continually shall not cease . fol. 133 Chap. 62. 7. Oh you that are mindfull of the Lord , keep not silence , and giue him no rest , till he repaire , and till he set vp Ierusalem , the praise of the world . fol. 134 Chap. 47. 5. Sit still , and get thee into darkenesse , Oh daughter of the Chaldeans , for thou shalt no more be called the Lady of kingdomes . ibid. Chap. 32. 4. The tongue of the flatterers shall bee readye . fol. 154 Chap. 6. 6. 7. The flew one of the Seraphims to me , with an hot coale in his hand , which he had taken from the Altar with the tongs . And he touched my mouth , and sayd . Lo , this hath touched thy lips and thine iniquity shall be taken away , and thy sin shall be purged . fol. 159 Chap. 51. 7. 8. Harken vnto me , you that know righteousnesse , the people in whose hart is my lawe . Feare you not the reproache of men , neither be you afraide of their rebukes . For the moath shall eat them vp like a garment , and the wormes shal eat them like wol : but my righteousnesse shall be for euer , and my saluation from generation to generation . fol. 163 Chap. 14. 12. How art thou falne from heauen O Lucifer , Son of the morning ? fol. 172 Chap. 7. 11. 12. Ask a signe for thee of the Lord thy God , either in the depth beneath , or in the height aboue . I will not ask , neither wil I tempt the Lord. fol. 194 Chap. 8. 21. VVhen he shall be angry , he shall euen fret himselfe , and curse his king and his Gods , and shall looke vpward . fol. 211 Chap. 52. 5. My name all the day continually is blasphemed . fol. 213 Chap. 31. 9. And the tongue is as a fire , which consumeth any thing . fol. 219 Chap. 23. 2. Be still yee that dwell in the Iles. fol. 222 Chap. 22. 22. And the key of the house of Dauid will I lay vpon his shoulders . fol. 243 Chap. 64. 1. Oh that thou wouldest break the heauens , & come downe . fol. 245 Chap. 1● . 1. Send you a Lamb to the ruler of the world , from the rock of the wildernesse . ibid. Chap. 60. 8. Who are these that fly like a cloude ? fol. 256 Chap. 6. 5. I dwell in the middest of a people of polluted lips , and myne eyes haue seene the king and Lord of hoastes fol. 267 Chap. 38. 10. Exalt thy voice like a Trumpet . fol 280 The Prophet Ieremy . Chap. 48. 9. Giue flowers vnto Moab , that it may fly and get away : for the cities thereof shall be desolate , without any to dwell therein . fol. 76 Chap. 48. 10. Cursed be he that doth the work of the Lord negligently , and cursed bee hee that keepeth back his sworde from bloud . ibid. Chap. 18. 18. Come , and let vs smite him with the tongue . fol. 94 Chap. 5. 30. 31. An horrible and filthy thing is committed in the land . The Prophets prophecie lyes , and the Priests receiue gifts in their hands , and my people delight therin . What will you then do in the end thereof ? fol. 97 Chap. 4. 19. I cannot be still , for my soule hath heard the sound of the Trumpet , and the alarum of the battell . fol. 133 Chap. 4. 20. Destruction vpon destruction is cried , for the whole land is wasted , suddenly are my Tents destroyed , and my curtains in a moment . fol. 134 Chap. 3. 1. Thou hast plaide the harlot with many louers , thou hast sit waiting for them in the waies . fol. 135 Chap. 1. 5. 6. Before I formed thee in the wombe , I knew thee , and before thou camest out of the wombe , I sanctified thee , and ordayned thee to be a Prophet vnto the nations , &c. fol. 230 Chap. 15. 19. And if thou take away the pretious from the vile , thou shalt be according to my word . fol. 263 The Prophet Ezechiel . Chap. 24. 18. I spake vnto the people in the morning , and at euen my wife died . fol. 132 Chap. 21. 6. Mourne therefore silently in affliction of spirit . fol. 135 Chap. 1. 9. They returned not , but euery one went straight forward . fol. 151 Chap. 22. 9. In thee are men that cary tales to shed bloud , in thee are they that eate vpon the mountains , in the midst of thee they commit abhomination . fol. 162 Chap. 34. 18. 19. Haue you drunk of the deep waters , and must you trouble the residue with your feete ? And my sheep eate that , which you haue troden with your feet , and drinke that which you haue troubled with your feet . fol. 180 Chap. 8. 8. 9. Ezechiel , take an instrument and dig the wall , which seemeth so stupendious to thee , &c. fol. 199 To Prophet Daniell . Chap. 10. 15. I set my face toward the ground , and held my peace . fol. 136 Chap. 2. 35. Then was the yron , the claye , the brasse , the siluer and the gould broken all together , and became like the chaffe of the summer flowres , and the wind caried them away , that no place was found for them . And the stone , that smote the Image , became a great mountaine , and filled the whole earth . fol. 176 Chap. 3. 96. Therefore I make a decree , that euery people , nation and language , which speake any blasphemy against the god of Sydrach , Misach and Abednago , shall be drawne in pices , and their houses ruined . fol. 215 Chap. 10. 17. How can the seruant of this my Lord talke with my Lord ? fol. 236 Chap. 3. 60. All yee workes of the Lord , blesse you the Lord , praise him , and exalt him aboue all things for euer . fol. 212 The Prophet Oseas . Chap. 7. 3. They make the king glad with their wickednesse . fol. 95 Chap. 4. 1. 2. 3. There is no truth in the land . By swearing and lying , &c. they breake out . Therefore shall the land mourne , and euery one that dwelleth therein shall be cut off . fol. 105 Chap. 13. 1. Ephraim speaking , a great feare came vpon Israell . fol. 132 Chap. 2. 20. I will euen marry thee vnto me in faithfulnesse . fol. 135 Chap. 7. 16. Their Princes fall by the edge of the sword , for the rage of their tongues . fol. 172 Chap. 2. 14 I will bring her into the wildernesse , and speak vnto her hart . fol. 260 The Prophet Amos. Chap. 5. 2. The virgin Israell is left vpon her land , and there is none to raise her vp . fol. 128 The Prophet Micheas . Chap. 6. 15. Thou shalt sowe , but not reape , thou shalt tread the Oliues , but shalt not annoint thee with the Oyle , and make sweete wine , but shalt not drinke wine fol. The Prophet Nahum . Chap. 3. 5. I will discouer thy skirtes vpon thy face , and will shewe the nations thy filthinesse , and the kingdomes thy shame . fol. 196 The Prophet Aggeus . Chap. 1. 5. 6. Consider your own wayes in your harts . You haue sowne much , and bring in little ; you haue eate , but you haue not enough ; you drink , but yet you are not filled ; you cloath you , but you be not warme ; and he that earneth wages , putteth the wages into a broken bag . fol. 198 The Prophet Esdras . Chap. 4. 41. 42. Blessed be the Lord God of trueth : Truth is greate and strongest , and ouercommeth all things . fol. 107 Wisedome of Salomon . Chap. 7. 12. The soule of the iust is the seate of wisedome . fol. 28 Chap. 17. 18. The sound or Eccho that answereth again in the hollow mountaine . fol. 88 Chap. 1. 11. The mouth that speaketh lyes , sleyeth the soule . fol. 106 Chap. 7. 30. Malice cannot ouercome wisedome . fol. 118 Saint Matthews Gospell . Chap. 12. 37. By thy words thou shalt be iustified , and by thy words thou shalt be condemned . fol. 39 Chap. 10. 20. It is not you that speake , but the spirit of your father which speaketh in you . fol. 51 Chap. 26. 65. 66. He hath blasphemed : what haue we any more need of witnesses ? Now you haue heard his blasphemy , he is worthy to dy . fol. 52 Chap. 5. 22. Guilt of iudgement , guilt of a Councell , and guilt of hell fire . fol. 114 Chap. 22. 16. Master we know that thou sayest , and teachest right , neither dost thou accept mans person , but teachest the way of god truly , &c. fol. 117 Chap. 25. 33. He shall set the sheep on his right hand . fol. 112 Chap. 12. 22. Then was brought to him one possessed with a diuell , both blind and dumb , and he healed him , so that he which was blinde and dumb , both spake and saw , &c. fol. 160 Chap. 5. 11. Blessed are you when men reuile you . fol. 163 Chap. 15. 7. 8. VVoe be to you hypocrites , Esay prophecied well of you ; This people draweth neere vnto me with their mouth , and honoureth me with their lippes , but their hearte is farre off from me . fol. 169 Chap. 7. 16. You shall know them by their fruits . fol. 170 Chap. 6. 2. They haue their reward . fol. 174 Chap. 6. 16. 17. VVhen you fast , looke not sowre as the hypocrites doo : for they dissigure their faces , that they might seeme vnto men to fast . But when thou fastest , &c. fol. 176 Chap. 23. 3. 4. All therfore whatsoeuer they bid you obserue , that obserue and doe : but after their works do not , for they say , and do not . They bind heauy burthens , and greeuous to be borne , and lay them on mens shoulders , but they themselues will not mooue them with one of their singers . fol. 183 Chap. 7. 16. Do men gather grapes of thornes , or figs of thistles ? fol. 184 Chap. 25. 1. 2. 3. The kingdome of heauen shall be likened vnto ten virgins , &c. ibid. Chap. 23. 5. All their workes they do for to be seen of men . fol. 189 Chap. 26. 73. Thou also art a Galilean , for euen thy speech bewrayeth thee . fol. 210 Chap. 27. 51. And behould the vaile of the Temple rent in twain , from the top to the bottom . fol. 246 Chap. 27. 52. And the graues opened themselues . fol. 247 Chap. 2. 2. VVhere is the king of the Iewes that is borne ? ibid. Chap. 5. 2. And he opened his mouth , and taught them saying , &c. fol. 253 Chap. 18. 15. 16. 17. If they brother trespasse against thee , goe , and tell him his fault , between thee and him alone , if he heare thee , thou hast won thy brother . But if he heare thee not , take yet with thee one or two , that by the mouth of two or three witnesses , euery word may be confi●med . And if he will not vouchsafe to heare then tell it vnto the Church , and if he refuse to heare the Church also , let him bee vnto thee as an heathen , and a publicane . fol. 269 Chap. 7. 3. VVhy seest thou the mote that is in thy brothers eye , and perceiuest not the beame that is in thine owne eye ? fol. 276 Chap. 18. 22. I say not to thee , vnto seauen times , but vnto seauenty times seauen times . fol. 280 Saint Marks Gospell . Chap. 15. 25. And it was the third houre , when they crucified him . fol. 24 Chap. 1. 25. Iesus rebuked him , saying : hold thy peace . fol. 117 Chap. 7. 35. And the string of his tongue was loosed , and he spake plaine . fol. 160 Chap. 5. 41. And he tooke the child by the hand , and sayd vnto her Tabitha kumi , which is by interpretation , Maiden , I say vnto thee arise . fol. 167 Chap. 7. 6. This people honoreth me with their lips . fol. 224 Saint Lukes Gospell . Chap. 1. 29. She thought what manner of saluation that shold be . fol. 8 Chap. 12. 19. My soule , thou hast much goods layed vp for many yeares : liue at ease , eate , drinke and take thy pleasure . fol. 23. Chap. 21. 15. I will giue you a mouth and wisedome , where-against all your aduersaries shall not be able to speake nor resist . fol. 52 Chap. 5. 1. And the people pressed vpon him to heare the word of God , &c. fol. 69 Chap. 2. 14. Peace in earth , and towardes men good will. fol. 75 Chap. 11. 14. Then he cast out a diuell , and he was dumbe . fol. 112 Chap. 4. 41. He rebuked them , and suffered them not to speake . &c. & c. fol . 118 Chap. 18. 11. 12. Oh God I thanke thee , that I am not as other men , extortioners , vniust , adulterers , or euen as this Publicane . I fast twise in the weeke : I giue tithe of all that euer I possesse . fol. 130 Chap. 15. 2. The Scribes and Pharisies murmured , saying : He receiueth sinners , and eateth with them . fol. 138 Chap. 1. 33. And he shall raigne ouer the house of Iacob for euer . fol. 180 Chap. 1. 20. Thou shalt be dumb , and not be able to speake . fol. 222 Chap. 21. 14. Lay it vp therfore in your harts , that you premeditate not what you shall answer , &c. fol. 242 Chap. 23. 43. This day thou shalt be with mee in Paradise . fol. 245 Chap. 1. 64. And his mouth was opened immediately , and he prophecied . fol. 246 Chap. 24. 45. Then opened he their vnderstanding , that they might vnderstand the Scriptures . fol. 247 Chap. 1. 40. The sheepheards said one to another . ibid. Chap. 1. 35. The holy ghost shall come vpon thee , and the power of the most high shall ouershaddow thee . fol. 255 Chap. 23. 22. I will chastise him and let him loose . fol. 271 Chap. 4. 23. Physitian heale thy selfe . fol. 276 Chap. 10. 14. 15. Martha Martha thou carest and art troubled about many things . Mary hath chosen the good parte . fol. 278 Saint Iohns Gospell . Chap. 8. 38. I speake that which I haue seene with my father . fol. 46 Chap. 1. 12. To them he gaue power to be the sonnes of God. fol. 48 Chap. 7. 46. Neuer was man heard to speake the like . fol. 69 Chap. 18. 37. For this cause am I borne , and for this cause came I into the world , that I should beare witnesse vnto the trueth . fol. 99 Chap. 8. 46. And if I say the truth , why do you not beleeue me ? ibid. Chap. 14. 3. It is expedient for you that I goe away : but if I depart away , I will send you the comforter , the spirit of trueth , &c. ibid. Chap. 8. 44. He hath beene a murtherer from the beginning , and abode not in the trueth , because there is no trueth in him . fol. 100 Chap. 8. 45. When he speaketh a ly , then he speaketh of his own , fol. 118 Chap. 10. 5. 8. The sheep did not heare them , for they knew not the voice of strangers . fol. 183 Chap. 9. 13. Giue glory vnto God. fol. 194 Chap. 14. 30. They are of the world , therfore speake they according to the world . fol. 210 Chap. 3. 31. He that is of the earth , is of the earth , and speaketh of the earth . fol. 211 Chap. 3. 14. 15. So must the son of man be lift vp : That whosoeuer beleeueth in him should not perish , but haue euerlasting life . fol. 244 Chap. 3. 13. No man ascendeth vp to heauen , but he that hath descended from heauen . fol. 246 Chap. 19. 34. A speare opened his side . fol. 247 Chap. 20. 22. He breathed on them , and said vnto them ; Receiue you the holy Ghost . fol. 253 Acts of the Apostles . Chap. 4. 20. For we cannot but speake the things which we haue heard and seen . fol. 35 Chap. 6. 10. They were not able to resist the wisedome and the spirit , by which he spake . fol. 51 Chap. 2. 11. We heard them speake in our tongues , the wonderfull works of God. fol. 78 Chap. 6. 15. They saw his face , as it had bin the face of an Angel. fol. 177 Chap. 3. 17. I knew brethren , that through ignoraunce you did it . fol. 206 Chap. 2. 3. 4. There appeared vnto them clouen tongues , like fire , and it sate vpon eache of them . And they were call filled with the holy Ghost . fol. 240 Chap. 1. 14. They all continued with one accord , in prayer and supplication with the women , and Mary the mother of Iesus and with his brethren . ibid. Chap. 8. 31. How can I vnderstand , except I had a guide ? fol. 246 Chap. 8. 35. Then Philippe opened his mouth . fol. 253 Epistle to the Romanes . Chap. 1. 20. For the inuisible things of him , that is , his eternall power and Godhead , are scene by the creation of the world , being considered in his works , to the intent that they should be without excuse . fol. 44 Chap. 3. 4. Let God be true , and euery man a lyer . fol. 47 Chap. 2. 21. Thou which teachest another , teachest thou not thy selfe ? Thou that preachest a man should not steale , doost thou steale ? fol. 180 Chap. 1. 3. Of the seed of Dauid , according to the flesh . fol. 245 Chap. 12. 19. Vengeance is mine , and in my time I will repay it . fol. 278 Epistle to the Corinthians 1. Chap. 1. 23. 24. We preache Christ crucified , vnto the Iewes euen a stumbling block , and vnto the Grecians foolishnesse . But vnto them which are called , both of the Iewes and Grecians , we preache christ the power of God , and the wisedom of God. fol. 118 Chap. 6. 10. No raylers , nor theeues shall inherit the kingdom of god . fol. 161 Chap. 4. 5. Then shall euery man haue the prayse of God. fol. 178 Chap. 3. 11. Other foundation can no man lay , then that which is layd , which is christ Iesus . fol. 191 Chap. 2. 8. For had they known it , they would not haue crucified the Lord of glory . fol. 206 Chap. 13. 13. And now abideth faith , hope and charity , euen these three : but the cheefest of these is charity . fol. 210 Epistle to the Corinthians 2. Chap. 5. 4. For indeed , we that are in this tabernacle , sigh and are burdened , because we would not be vnclo●thed , but would be cloathed vpon , that mortality might be swallowed vp of life . fol. 19 Chap. 4. 7. But we haue this treasure in earthen vesselles . ibid. Chap. 9. 22. I am made all things to all men , that I might by all meane saue some . fol. 77 Chap. 14. 18. I thanke my God , I speak languages more then you all . fol. 78 Chap. 11. 15. Therefore it is no great thing , though his ministers transforme themselues , as though they were the ministers of righteousnesse , whose end shall be according to their works . fol. 102 Chap. 11. 14. For Satan himselfe is transformed into an Angel of light . ibid. Chap. 1. 12. That in simplicity and godly purenesse of hart , and not in fleshly wisedom . but by the grace of God , we haue had our conuersation in the world . fol. 186 Chap. 12. 4. He heard words which cannot be spoken , which are not possible for man to vtter . fol. 235 Chap. 6. 11. O Corinthians , our mouth is open vnto you . fol. 253 Chap. 3. 5. Not that we are sufficient of our selues , to thinke any thing as of our selues ; but our sufficiency is of God. fol. 260 Chap. 6. 1. Brethren , if a man be falne ( by occasion ) into any fault , you which are spirituall , restore such a one with the spirit of meeknesse , considering thy selfe , least thou also be tempted . fol. 271 Chap. 2. 11. He withstood him to his face , for he was to be blamed . fol. 277 Chap. 2. 11. God worketh all things after the counsell of his own will. fol. 57 Epistle to the Ephesians . Chap. 4. 24. Put on the new man , which after God is created in righteousnesse and true holinesse . fol. 254 Epistle to the Colossians . Chap. 3. 1. The seek not those things that are aboue with Iesus christ . fol. 183 Epistle to Timothy 1. Chap. 5. 2. Rebuke not an Elder , but exhort him as a Father . fol. 268 Chap. 5. 20. Them that sin , rebuke openly , that the rest also may feare . fol. 277 Epistle to Timothy 2. Chap. 4. 3. 4. For the time will come , when they will not suffer wholesome doctrine : But hauing their eares itching , shall ( after their own lusts ) get them an heape of teachers : and shall turne their eares from the truth , and shall be giuen vnto fables . Epistle to the Ebrewes . Chap. 1. 1. 2. At sundry times , and in diuers manners God spake in the old time , to our Fathers by the Prophets . In these last daies , he hath spoken to vs by his Son , whom he hath made heyr of al things , &c. fol. 44 Chap. 4. 12. The word of God is liuely , and mighty in operation , and sharper then any two edged sword , & entreth through , euen to the diuiding a sunder of the soule and the spirit , and of the ioynts and the marrow , and is a discerner of the thoughts and the intents of the hart . fol. 73 Epistle of Saint Iames. Chap. 3. 5. The tongue is a little member , and boasteth of great things . Epistle of Saint Peter 1. Chap. 3. 10. If any man long after life , and to see good dayes , let him refraine his tongue from ●uill , and his lippes that they speake no guile , fol. 79 Chap. 3. 13. 14. Who is hee that will harme you , if you follow that which is good ? Notwithstanding , blessed are you , if you suffer for righteousnesse sake . fol. 144 Epistle of Saint Iohn . Chap. 3. 8. For this purpose appeared the Sonne of God , that he might loose the works of the diuel . fol. 131 Apocalyps . Chap. 4. 11. For thou hast created all things , and for thy wils sake they are , and haue bin created . fol. 46 Chap. 12. 9. And the great Dragon , that old Serpent , called the diuel , and Satan , was cast out . fol. 53 Chap. 2. 16. Out of his mouth went a sharpe two edged sword . fol. 74 Chap. 9. 18. Out of their mouthes went foorth fire , and smoake , and brimstoane . fol. 79 Chap. 21. 27 And there shall enter into it no vncleane thing , neither whatsoeuer worketh abhomination or lyes . fol. 106. Chap. 12. 10. The accuser of our brethren is cast down , which accused them before our God day and night . fol. 112 Chap. 17. 8. The beast that thou hast seen was , and is not , & shall ascend out of the bottomlesse pit . fol. 119 Chap. 16. 10. They gnawed their tongues for sorrow . fol. 208 Chap. 16. 11. They blasphemed the God of heauen , for their paines , and for their sores . fol. 209 Chap. 4. 8. And the foure beasts had eache of them six wings about him , and they were full of eyes within , and they ceased not daye nor night , saying : Holy , Holy , Holy Lord God Almighty , which was , and which is , and which is to come . fol. 211 Chap. 3. 10. If any man heare my voyce , and open the doore , I will come in vnto him , and will suppe with him , and he with me . fol. 223 Chap. 7. 11. 12. And they fell before the Throane on their faces , and worshipped God , saying , Amen . Praise and glory , and wisedome , and thanks , and honour , and power , and might , be vnto our God for euermore , Amen . fol. 231 Chap. 8. 1. There was a silence in heauen , about halfe an houre . ibid. Chap. 14. 3. They sung as it were a new Song . fol. 235 Chap. 3. 7. And write vnto the Angell of the church which is of Philadelphia ; These thinges sayeth hee that is holy and True , which hath the keye of Dauid , which openeth , and no man shutteth , and shutteth , and no man openeth . fol. 242 FINIS . A Table , Alphabetically gathered , of all the seuer all matters contained in this Booke . A. ABraham , in steed of an authenticall writing , gaue his word only . fol. 104 Achaz , a wicked man , would not giue God his due glory , in requiring a signe . fol. Absalon , by his flattering sweetnesse of speech , attempted to depriue his father of the Crowne . fol. 67 Acaticus , the Philosopher , would not talke at banquets , and beeing demaunded the reason thereof , returned a very witty answer . fol. 25 Acteon , deuoured by his own dogs that he nourished , so in like case are men by flatterers . fol. 92 Agatonus , a religious man , who for thirty yeares space caried a stone in his mouth , to learne thereby silence . fol. 26 Agis , king of Lacaedemonia , reprooued the Embassador from the Abderites , for the tedious length of his Oration . fol. 32 Aegesias , Platoes Scholler , reading on the immortality of the soule , many were thereby drawn to sley themselues . fol. 68 Alpheus , and his history . fol. 68 Amphion , and his history . ibid. Amalechite , that vaunted how he had slaine king Saul , slew himselfe by his owne ouerlauish tongue . fol. 65 Angels , in what manner they speak to God , among themselues , and with men . fol. 115 Anacharsides the Philosopher , had in a faire Quadrant of his owne picture , written an excellent sentence in praise of silence . fol. 13 Anacharsis the Philosopher gaue a goodly commendation of truth . fol. 100 Antiochus renounced the vesture and ornaments regall , because he would not be flattered . fol. 89 Antisthenes the Cynick , sayd , there was lesse harme to be had , lighting among Rauens , then falling into the hands of flatterers . fol. 93 Antisthenes the Philosopher greeued , because a wicked man had spoken well of him . fol. 143 Antisthenes his answer concerning the reprehension of Princes , and men in authority . fol. Apelles of Ephesus , drawing the portraiture of king Antigonus , who wanted an ey , painted him without any defecte at all : And being therefore reprooued , made a witty answer . fol. 141 Apologie made to the Sea Crabbes by their Parents , whereby to reprehend the lewde examples of Fathers in their families . fol. 14 Apologie made by the Cats to the Mice . fol. Alexander , what a liberall giuer he was . fol. Apoll●nius the Philosopher , praysed silence , and reprooued loquacity or babbling . fol. 12 Apostles , their speaking in diuers languages , for doing good to many . fol. 78 Apostles , before they receiued the gift of tongues , they were deuout in prayer . fol. Apollonius the Philosopher , was stricken with amazement at the speaking of Cicero . fol. 67 Architas the Tarentine sayd , that nothing was delightfull , without some friend . fol. 34 Arion , and his history . fol. 68 Aron erected the goulden Calfe by the steep mountaine of Sinai . fol. 95 Aristippus the Philosopher reprehended a couetous father about his Sonne . fol. 16 Aristippus the flatterer of Dionisius , was by Diogenes called a dog , and many other significant names thereto appertayning . fol. 93 Aristotle sayd , that anger is good , but neuer fit to serue as a guide or director . fol. 59 Aristotle saide , that it is more hard to be silent , then to speake . fol. 42 Artificiall and cunning speaking , can very hardly be voide of deceit . fol. 75 Atys , Son to king Croesus , being borne dumb , did speake by commaund of nature . fol. 34 Asse belonging to Balaam , what words he deliuered when he spake . fol. 118 B Babylon , and the people thereof had many sins , because they were proude , ambitious , heretiques , and Idolaters ; notwithstanding , God chastised them by their tongues only . fol. 24 Balaam was like to his Asse he rode on . fol. 51 Barber belonging to king Mydas , could not conceale his Lords deformity , but cryed out in a caue , that Mydas had the eares of an Asse . fol. 35 Beda , a venerable Father of England , had his eyes puld out of his head , for deliuering an interpretation of the truth . fol. 98 Bethulia , very cruelly besieged by Holophernes . fol. 120 Bion the Philosopher , sayd : That among wild beasts , a Tyrant is the worst , and among the tame , the flatterer is most daungerous . fol. 91 Blame iustly belonging to the vnbridled tongue . fol. 27 Blessed and s●nctified spirits attending vpon God , they cannot erre either in their conceits or words . fol. 56 Bohemia , and the people thereof obserue for a certainty , that such as do tell , or sweare a ly in the iudgement place , vndoubtedly shall die that same yeare . fol. 106 Blasphemy committed by Senacherib , and in Gods iustice sharpely punished . fol. 64 Blasphemy hath in it the weight or burden of the sinne of Infidelity . fol. 202 Blasphemy somtimes is worse then Infidelity . fol. 203 Blasphemy is more offensiue in the christian , then in the Infidell . ibid. Blasphemy out-goeth any sin else . fol. 204 Blasphemy somtimes is committed , in scorning the truth , by gestures of the body , and without speaking . ibid. Blasphemy is worse then the sin of murder . fol. 205 Blasphemy is a greater sin then heresie ; or the sin of the Iewes in crucifying Christ ; and blasphemie goes far beyond Idolatrie . fol. 206 Blasphemie hath no excuse for it selfe , as other sins do pretend to haue . fol. 207 Blasphemers gnawe their tongues for a punishment . fol. 208 Blasphemie endureth longer , then any other vice whatsoeuer , and the punishment thereof is of like length , and more intense or vehement . fol. 209 Blasphemers are knowne by their manner of speaking , to be of the kingdome of hell . fol. 210 Blasphemie is so abhominable , that the holy Scripture refraineth to vse the word ; but in steed of blaspheming , vseth blessing . fol. 211 Blasphemers are worse then brute beastes , and euen do kill God , so much as in them lieth . fol. 212 Blasphemie is punished by all lawes . fol. 213 The blessed do keep silence , as being ouercome with ioy , in beholding the presence of the maiestie diuine . fol. 231 Breuitie in speaking hath alwayes been commendable . fol. 30 Budeus , defining an hypocrite , sayth , That an hypocrite is euery such dissembler , as takes vpon him to represent that which himselfe is not . fol. 169 C Cicero said : That a man is known by his speaking to be either wise , or foolish . fol. 5. Cato was highly commended by Cicero , because he neuer spake any word , whereof he repented himselfe afterward . fol. 7 Chilo was wont to say : That the tongue ought not to fore-run the mind . fol. 8 Cato of Vtica , and Cicero said : That it was a great fault to be silent , when necessity of speaking was required . ibid. Cleobulus , one of the seauen Sages of Greece , said : that a wise man is more sollicitous to heare then to speake . fol. 10 Careon , a yong man very talkeatiue , yet willing to learne the Arte of Rhetorick , had a double salarie demaunded of him , to teache him to auoide his euill talking . fol. 12 Cadnidus king of Scythia , was brother to Anacharsides the greate learned Philosopher . fol. 13. Crates the Philosopher , did much lament the negligence of those fathers of families , who were carelesse of their childrens enstruction . fol. 15 Cato his aduise for a childs first erudition . fol. 18 Cain did more offend with his blasphemous ●ongue , in denying the mercie of god , then he did with his bloudy hand , in taking away the lif● of his brother . fol. 20 No better couering for the hart of man then silence . fol. 26 Cicero was slaine for ouermuch speaking . fol. 28 How all the creatures do bring vs to the knowledge of god , and his omnipotent greatnesse . fol ▪ 44 The creatures are to vs in steed of as many tongues , wherby to speak vnto vs. fol. 46 Caiphas , the high Priest , vnderstood not his own prophecy , and therfore is said to be like Balaams Asse . fol. 51. Comparison of sundry waies , wherby our feet make vse of walking and proofe of the like diuersity of pathes , which the tongue hath to goe by . fol. 55 Concupis●ible , is a way whereby our tongue hath occasion to passe , and therfore that way requireth a very good guardian . fol. 57 Cain was the first heretique in the world . fol. 56 Cato his saying of the angry man. fol. 58 Cato his great patience , being abused by Lentulus . fol. 60 Cruelty very great in Hanniball . fol. 61 Couragious and generous spirits doe receiue more offence by a bad spoken word , then a wound receiued by a launce . fol. 65 Conditions fiue in number belonging to the tongue of man , & very necessary in our manner of speaking . fol. 66 Cicero , how much he was able to preuayle , only by the sweetnesse of his tongue in speaking . fol. 67 Cato Censorius was accused forty foure times before the Romane Senate , and yet was euery time adiudged innocent . fol. 68 Christ , mo●t sweet in his speeches to his very enemies : which made the Pharisies bloudy ministers to forget their fiercenesse against him . fol. 69 Christ preached in a maternal tongue , including many parables and similitudes among his enstructions . fol. 75 The Crocodile in his qualities vsed as a necessarie obseruation to be had in a wise man. fol. 79 Cicero his opinion of mens works and words . fol. 81 Comparision of the Grashopper , being bathed in oile , dyes , but being washed with vinegar , comes to life againe . fol. 8● Commandement giuen by God , that the flesh of Swans should not be eaten . fol. 87 Constantine called the flatterer , a Moath . fol. 93 Calues made of gold by Ieroboam , and honoured of the people as if they had bin gods . So the like in Aaron , &c. fol. 95 Christ , how many trauelles he endured , and all for the trueth which himselfe so dearly loued : the same is approoued by a very excellent discourse of trueth . fol. 99 Chilo the Philosopher of Lacedemon , gaue a singular discourse concerning the excellency of trueth . fol. 102 Christ neuer called any one , Son of the diuell , but the lyer . ibid. Circumcision , vpon what occasion God caused it not to be left as a law in writing , & had such an especiall care of his commandements deliuered in the time of Moyses . fol. 104 Conceite of the mind is called the word and speeche of the mind . fol. 115 Confession of our sins , how necessary it is , and how highly offensiue it is to the diuell . fol. 121 Confessors , Pastors and Preachers , are compared to watchfull dogs , that keep away the diuell the wolfe of our soules . fol. 122 In confession of our sins before God , it is a most euill signe , when we make a presumptuous ostentation of our owne doings , and do not sorrow for the offences which we haue committed . Reade much said to this purpose , in Fol. 125. 126. & so in the succeeding chapter . Correction and punishment promised by god to detractors and euill speakers . fol. 161 Comedians are Apes of other mens actions . fol. 169 Confines or bounds , out of which the hypocrit goes , of himself . f. 177 Charity is a vertue that liueth beyond all other whatsoeuer , and blasphemy is a sin of the selfe same nature . fol. 209 Cicero and Demosthenes , their tongues cost their liues . fol. 219 Custody of the tongue is very difficult . fol. 221 Cholerick men doo stammer in their speaking , and a reason is deliuered for the occasion thereof . fol. 228 Comparison of cariage of keyes , how some do fasten them to their girdles , others put them in their pockets , others weare them about their necks , & some on their shoulders . fol. 247 D Diogenes the Cinick would eat raw fish . fol. 7 Dauid desired of god , that he wold set a watch before his mouth , and a doore of wisedom before his lips . fol. 9 Difficulty very great in speaking well . ibid. Dauid and Salomon required of god , a doore and a watch for their mouthes , and not a wall : wherein is deliuered an excellent mysterie . fol. 10 Dulcitude or sweetnesse of conference , is a certaine kind of viands . fol. 13 Defect of the tongue is worse then gurmandise or luxurie . ibid. Dauid , the first lesson that he taught his children , when they rose euery morning out of their beds , was , to praise the Lord. ibid. Diogenes , seeing a dissolute boy to abuse himselfe in the street , went and beat his Schoolemaster , for bringing him vp no better . fol. 17 Disorder and inconuenience which ensueth , vpon the lack of reprouing the faults of our children . ibid. Disorder and offence occasioned by feasts and banquettings . fol. 21 Dauid somtimes prayed God , that hee would vouchsafe to open his mouth , and at other times desired that he would shut it . fol. 33 Difficultie much greater to be silent , than to speake . ibid , Doubt in a case resolued , why the tongue ( being the cause of many euills ) was giuen by god to man. fol. 39 Delicacie more then musique to the eare , is a good tongue . fol. 41 Doubt very great , how it should be true that euery man is a lyer . fol. 47 Deuill and the woman were the first that brake silence , both in heauen and vpon earth . fol. 52 Doubt concerning the words of Dauid , in his 38 psalme : I saide , I will take heed to my waies , &c. and an answere made thereto . fol. 54 Doubt resolued , about the foure wayes of the tongue . fol. 56 Double , or twofold are our follies and furies : one being bred in the braine , the other taking life from the heart . fol. 59 Diogenes very patient , & his mild answer when an indiscreet youth had spet in his face . fol. 60 Deuill , a continuall obseruer of our speeches , and his malitious conuerting them to his owne purpose , and how his wicked children do learne the like of him . fol. 62 Diamond , and the nature thereof , resisting the hardest steele , and yet is easilie broken , or softned with the bloud of a goate . fol. 67 Doctors in the chaire , yet meere Dunses in common conference , whence it ensueth . fol. 82 Dauid a very powerfu●l king , yet he reposed more trust in wisedom , then in strength . fol. 83 Discourse made by Zerobabell to king Darius , in commendation of the trueth . fol. 109 Definition made of lying . fol. 117 Diuell durst not tell a lye in his owne shape , but tooke vpon him the Serpents shape . fol. 101 Diuell , how he is said to be dumb , and how he speakes , with sundry other matters concerning him . fol. 113 Diuell hath no power against god or his good Angels . fol. 114 Diuell is a bloudy beast , and beastlier then al beasts . fol. 119 Diuell made the dumb man , to be deafe and blind also , and the reason of his malice in so dooing . fol. 121 Diuell compared to a Iaylor , or keeper of a prison , to a hangman , & to a wolfe . fol. 122 Diuell makes vse of our best actions , to his owne aduantage . ibid. Diuell hath fiue teeth in his head , & how they are to be vsed . fo . 123 Dauid cried out , and yet was silent all at one instant . fol. 130 Diuell would take away both vertue and vertuous people out of the world togither , if he could . fol. 131 Diuell most of all dismayd , when the penitent sinner confesseth his sins to god . fol. 132 Despising or defaming of good men by the bad , is an apparant signe of vertue and goodnesse . fol. 143 Detractors are called abhomination it self by Salomon , and are compared to the Estridge . fol. 144 Detraction a most infectious sin , the detractor most abhominable , compared to a theefe , to rauenous birds , to Perillus statuary , the Cammell , &c. fol. 150 Double or twofold is brotherly correction . fol. 266 Deuill , and his dumb coller to stifle men withall : which if he preuaile withall , then he is best pleased . fol. 122 Doubt very well resolued cōcerning mercenaries & hirelings . f. 179 Doubt satisfied , concerning the sin of blasphemy . fol. 202 Daniell , talking with god , was smitten dumbe . fol. 230 Demosthenes slaine by his speaking . fol. 219 E Epaminondas the Thebane , in commending silence , said : That it behoued a man to heare much and speak little . fol. 11 Example of wicked Parents , and of how many euills they only are the occasion . fol. 16 Example of the rich glutton , and why his tongue is sayd to be more tormented , then any other member of his body . fol. 21 Epaminondas the Painter , was a great obseruer of silence , and made a discreet answer to the Rhodians , concerning what he had seen in the time of his trauailes . fol. 28 Example of two Ambassadors , the one deliuering a long and tedious speech , the other speaking briefly and wittily . fol. 31 Eua , of one commandement made two . fol. 52 Example of great patience in Seneca , Diogenes , and Cato . fol. 60 Example of the pleasing sweetnesse of the speech of man , and how preuailing it is in power . fol. 67 Example of mens eloquence very admirable : how one reading on the immortality of the soule , caused many wilfully to slay themselues , and how another won him , that before had giuē his schollers especiall warning not to heare that man. ibid. Efficacy and excellency of the word of god . fol. 69 Elyseus the Prophet , how much he preuailed by the word of god only , more then powerfull kings by their Armies could do . fol. 74 Example of a king and his three Sons , for seuerall proofes of their wisedoms , & how needful it is for men to speak vnder correctiō . f. 82 Example of the harme that ensueth by improuident talking . fol. 85 Eccho , what manner of thing it is , how it is formed , & in what place . fol. 88 Example of a Trumpetter taken in war , and Philopoemines sentence on him to be slain , only for the sound of his Trumpet , sent from his mouth : alluded to the case of the slatterer . fol. 94 Example out of the sacred scriptures , approouing how highly trueth hath bin hated and abused . fol. 99 Example of Aeschines the Orator , who said : That , without the truth , euery ver●se was vice in it selfe . fol. 100 Example of the Egyptians , in making a bargain , or renewing of amity , they let their fingers bloud , and signe one another therwith , in token of their perfect continuance . fol. 105 Ephraim , and what the word signifieth . fol. 132 Example very strange , of a slanderous woman , and what a greeuous punishment God sent vpon her . fol. 145 Egyptiās seuerely punished by god , when he sent the plague of frogs among them , in such aboundance beyond the resistance of man. fol. 156 Exterminare , and the signification therof . fol. 177 Examples very dreadfull concerning blasphemy , and the heauy punishments thereon inflicted . fol. 208 Example , that wicked men haue the lips of the hart . fol. 220 Exemption or priuation of the tongue is better then to haue it . f. 221 Example of a man that desired to studie the Scriptures , and the answer he made for leauing the Schoole , vpon his very first leslon . ibi . Example of wicked men , who haue their lower lips very great , like vnto swine , and like to certaine people in Aethiopia , that can couer their whole face with their nether lip . fol. 224 Example of the wicked , that they are depriued of all their senses , & haue their lips only wherwith they perform al their actions . ibid. Exchequer or a rich treasurie is the hart of man. fol. 241 Excellencie of the graces bestowed by Christ vpon the blessed Apostles , and holy martyrs . fol. 242 Excellent mysterie , concerning the key of Dauid . ibid. Ecclesiasticall persons , what an Excellent Collect or Prayer is by them obserued on mornings in the church . fol. 251 Eloquence , what it is , according to Cicero . fol. 256 Elizeus , how he raised vp the widdowes dead child , so ought we to reuiue our brother , being dead in sinne . fol. 271 F Friendly and familiar speeches , how greatly they preuaile in quietting the afflicted thoughts of a man , and such words do serue many times in stead of pretious antidotes . fol. 1 Fathers of a family , the first enstruction they ought to giue their children and seruants , is to praise god . fol. 13 Fathers ought to vse their children , as husbandmen doe the vine , the Iuy , and the Mellone . fol. 14 Fathers should go before their children , in good examples , and ciuil behauiour of their liues . fol. 15 Force and power of silence . fol. 27 Facility in speech , vsing a breefe and comely decorum , hath alwayes bin much more commended , then prolix & tedious arguing . fol. 31 Felix the doctor was answered by Vincentio Balnaceus : That it was not good to praise a man in his life time . fol. 37 Fools are full of words , and yet are reputed wise by silence . ibid. The fooles mouth is like a pot boyling vpon the fire . fol. 57 Furies and frenzies are of two kinds , and do receiue their originall from seuerall causes . fol. 59 Flight is the only remedy against Anger . fol. 60 Fiue properties or conditions very necessarily required in our speaking king and discoursing one with another . fol. 66 Force extraordinary in pleasing words . fol. 67 Feare and amazement in the Pharisies at the preaching of christ , & alteration in the harts of their ministers of ●ustice . fol. 69 Fond speaking , without wisedom , how dangerous it is , & the same is approoued by many examples . fol. 85 False and feyned speaking is a sin against nature . ibid. Flatterers and their nature described . fol. 86. and so the end of the same chapter . fol. 86 The flatterer tearmed by Plato by diuers names . ibid. The flattere likened to the lyon slaine by Sampson . ibid. Flatterer compared to the Swan : To the garment wouen of linnen and wollen : To Eccho , and to wine . fol. 87 The flatterers best liue in great mens houses . fol. 88 The flatterer hath no direct kind of speech . ibid. The flatterers tongue compared to the tongue of a cat : To the shadow following the body : To the Ape : To the Parrat , and to water . fol. 89 The flatterers tongue maintaineth sin , and robs a man of the truth . fol. 90 Flatterers do hold resemblance with dumb dogs : And with cookes , that dresse meats according to their masters appetites . fol. 91 The flatterer is worse then a tyrant . ibid. The flatterer is compared to a looking glasse : To a harlot : And to our breath issuing from our mouthes . fol. 92 The flatterer is likened to a Mother and her yong Son : And to them that builded the infamous tower of Babell . fol. 94 Flattery is the occasion of Idolatry . fol. 95 Faithfull dealing among men , how commendable it is . fol. 104 Force or power of wine , women , and the king , and which is saide to be the strongest . fol. 107 Foundation of the hypocrite and the iust man , how different they are . fol. 191 Foundation giuen by god to man , and to his Church . fol. 192 Fearce as a rauenous beast is the hypocrite . fol. 195 Fathers of the Cleargie , the great burthen imposed on them , and the duties required at their hands . fol. 243 Fortresses placed on the confines of a land , are said to be the keys of the kingdome . fol. 145 God commanded in the Leuiticall lawe , that such as were appointed for the seruice of his maiesty , should be ●rayned vp from their very childhood , in the diuine worship of him . fol. 18 Gods especiall grace it is , that his deare so children , not mastring men by speech , do yet by silence come neer vnto himself . fol. 26 Gods wonderfull workmanship in forming the tongue , and an excellent obseruation made therof . fol. 27 Gods seat is said to be the iustmans soule . fol. 28 God is most iealous of his secrets , & a great obseruer of 〈◊〉 fol. 43 God is so sparing of speech , that it is said he spake but once or twise onely . ibid. God speaketh to vs by his creatures . fol. 44 In god there is nothing defectiue , but all things in act . fol. 46 God disposeth the soule according to the rule of a kingdom . fol. 57 Whatsoeuer god willeth , is iust . ibid. Guard of reason is best for the way of will. ibid. Gualterns Teutonicus , Regent of the studies at Vercellis , his worthy history . fol. 68 Gods word , and the sweetnesse thereof , declared by the example of Saul among the Prophets . fol. 70 Gods word compared to a sword or weapon . fol. 74 God did forbid the eating of Swans flesh : and the wearing of a garment-made of wollen and linnen . fol. 87 God is said ( in some sort ) to dispence with theft , but not with lying . fol. 102 Good men , when they are contemned by the bad , are therein the more highly honored . fol. 143 Great hurt and danger ensueth by murmurers . fol. 148 Great resemblance and similitude haue murmurers with the frogs of AEgypt . fol. 159 God sendeth his Angels of the vtmost Hierarchy only vpon important negotiations . fol. 159 God only hath the knowledge of mens thoughts . fol. 160 God iudgeth with great deliberation , for our enstruction . fol. 154 Glory , tearmed vain-glory , the occasion of much euill . fol. 184 Gods glory we ought to seek for in all our actions . fol. 187 Glory for our selues consisteth not outwardly , but in the heart . fol. 195 Great is the sin of bl●sphemy , exceeding euery other sin , & therfore the punishment therof is answerable to the fault . &c. fol. 201 God his three seuerall kingdoms , of three seueral languages . fol. 210 God listens more to the tongue of the hart , then to that of the voice . fol. 220 Good men are compared to goodly faire hounds ; and to a richly furnished table . fol. 223 God speaking with Ieremie , made him like vnto a child that could not speak , and the reason therof . fol. 230 God talking to Moyses , caused him to stammer : To Ieremie , made him not know how to speak : To Daniell , made him dumb , and why . fol. 231 Greatnesse of the subiect , or person spoken too , may daunt the best Oratour , and distract his memory . fol. 233 Talking with god , we learne to be silent , and talking with men , we learne nothing but vaine babbling . fol. 237 Grace of wisedom , arising from Christ the fountaine of wisedom , is tearmed Dauids key . fol. 243 God keepe●h the key of the iust mans mouth . ibid. God delighteth that we shold make our requests vnto him . fol. 253 God speaketh to the harts of iust mē , and enstructeth them to speak because they shall not erre in speaking . fol. 260 Gilbertus Porretanus his saying concerning silence . fol. 258 God sendeth his blessed Angels , to inspire our soules with what we haue to say or doo . fol. 261 H He may be as guilty of death that speaketh not in time conuenient , as he that is ouer talkatiue , and speaks too much . fol. 4 He that is a foole , cannot sit silent . fol. 5 He that speaks without premeditation , many times repents himselfe , of that he hath spoken . fol. 8 How difficult a thing it is to speak well , without erring . fol. 9 How and in what place the mouth ought to be opened . fol. 10 He that heares attentiuely , & speaketh little , if he be not more then robd of reason , cannot fayle , and may so much the better discerne truth from falsehood . ibid. He cannot but commit many errors , that takes delight in ouermuch talking . fol. 11 How many euills the fathers of families may be the cause of , only by their bad examples . fol. 15 He that in his hart thinketh the truth , and with his mouth speaks it , is said to be like vnto god . fol. 18 He that is talkatiue , offendeth many eares : But he that receiues example of others murmuring , may take the lesse occasion of sinning . fol. 25 How all the discoursings which god had with the Prophets and Patriarchs , is tearmed but one speaking only , &c. fol. 45 How there be foure principall wayes for the tongue to walke by : all which doo require especiall regard , for auoiding of errour . fol. 55 How Cain was the first heretique that euer was in the world , and the heresie he spake . fol. 56 How vnseemly indiscretion in speeches is in a learned man , & that many haue bin noated very learned in the Doctors chaire , but very fools being foorth of the Schooles , &c. fol. 82 Hatred begotten of Trueth . fol. 98 How many trauailes Christ suffered in the world for the truths sake . fol. 99 How detestable the lying man is , is approoued by a very singular discourse . fol. 102 Hell hurteth none but the wicked only , but the lying man is more offensiue to god . fol. 111 Holofernes besieged Bethulia , and tooke ●way the water . fol. 120 How our bones are said to signifie vertue . fol. 130 How whatsoeuer the wicked man sees , is sin . fo . 138 How great their perill is , that keep company with detractors : And how fearefull the penalty of detraction is , declared at large in two excellent examples . fol. 145 How offensiue to god the sin of murmuring is . fol. 147 How infectious the sin of murmuring is . fol. 148 Honor is more to be valued then li●e . fol. 1●1 Hypocrites are not soone to be discouered . fol. 166 Hypocrisie what it is . fol. 167 The hypocrit giues his gloue only , & not his hand to christ . fol. 167 Hypocrits are discerned by their deeds & dissembling tōgues . ibid. The hypocrit is hatefull to god , to men , and to the diuell . ibid. Hypocrits best resembled in Comedians or Stage-players . fol. 169 Hypocryts are in heauen and on earth at one instant . fol. 171 The hypocrite is compared to the Greyho●nd to the Bee : to vapors attracted vp by the Sun , which seem to be falling stars : to king Saul to Goliah : to Holofernes : to the glow-worme : to Ch●●●cra : to the statue of Nebuchadnezzer . fol. 173 The hypocrit hath many faces : goes forth of his confines : is compared to the dropsie : to the weeuell : to a horse shod backward . f. 179 How falling into euill , is said to be falling into hel , or hel fire . f. 172 Hypocrisie is likened to the worme that eateth the corne : to a theef : to Iacob when he beguiled his Father : to Tantalus : to seueral fruits grafted vpon one stock : and to the mercenary hireling . fol. 182 How perillous it is for a man , to commit his own praise into another mans power . fol. 178 How grapes are said to be gathered on thornes . fol. 184 Hypocrites , that haue nothing but good words only , are compared to a poore man , that seeks to get a rich wife where himselfe is not known : to builders : to Pi●ates : to a Painter : to the Sichemites : to scar-crowes , to Iosephs cloake : to the Hauke : to Adams garment : to the dolphin : to the Prophet Ezechiels white wal : to empty ships : to banquerout merchants : and empty Cannons . fol. 190 How cōtrary the buildings of the hipocrit & the iust men are . f. 192 Hypocrisie is a sin against nature . fol. 199 Homicide is a greater sin then blasphemy , as concerning the effect , but is much lesse , in regard of the obiect . fol. 205 How the quality of the soule is best known by our talke . fol. 210 How difficult the custody of the tongue is . fol. 221 How he that is borne deafe , it is necessary for him to be dumb also . fol. 227 How the word hymne and silence agree together . fol. 232 How much the knowledge increaseth in vs , so much the lesse shall we find our selues fit for worldly causes . fol. 236 How they that talke with god ; doe either learne to be silent , or else do speak otherwise then they did before . ibid. How the iust man first expelleth his own spirit , and then the Lord filleth him with his heauenly spirit . fol. 254 How by brotherly correction we become like vnto god . fol. 262 How important the precept of brotherly correction is . fol. 267 How many times we ought to forgiue our brother . fol. 270 I Idiots , to seem wise , will declare themselues silent . fol. 5 Isoc●ates the Philosopher and Oratour , demanded double wages of a talkatiue Scholler , to teache him silence , or how to speak well . fol. 12 Iewes in their crying to Pilate , to crucifie christ , were more guiltie then they that crucified him . fol. 24 Iob was a true louer of silence . fol. 26 Iob spake but once and repented him of it . fol. 36 In so much a man is said to speak truth , by how much he is partaker of the first truth , god himselfe . fol. 49 In heauen and in earth , who were the first breakers of silence . fol. 52 Irascible power , is one of the wayes which a man ought to keepe carefully , least he erre in his tongue . fol. 57 If the vnderstanding erre not , the tongue cannot fayle . ibid. Irascible way , how it is to be cleansed . fol. 58 Infamous iniuries are compared to poyson . fol. 59 Ire or anger is not good for any vertuous thing . ibid. Ire orarger is good , according to Aristotles opinion . ibid. Ire accounted to be a good souldier . ibid. Infamy equalled with the sinne of murder . fol. 66 Iordanus second master of the generall Preachers , how sweete he was in speaking , and excellent in preaching . fol. 68 Iesus Christ , how powerfull he was in preaching . fol. 69 Iohn the diuine Apostle , and his vision in the I le of Pathmos . fol. 72 Iuuenall very excellently describeth a flatterer . fol. 86 Infelicitie belonging to Princes , that very rare or seldome come to knowledge of the truth , or correction of vices , onely thorow the wicked and subtile tongues of flatterers . fol. 89 Ieroboam made golden calues , and honoured them as gods . fol 95 Ionathas the son of Gedeon murthered because he iustly reprooued Abimelech . fol. 98 Iohn Baptist beheaded for reproouing sin . ibid. Iacob & Laban , in steed of authēticall writings , layd a heap of stones togither . fol. 104 Iacomo da Voragine , of the Preachers order , and Archbishop of Genoa . fol. 113 In what manner one Angell speaketh to another , without the knowledge of any of the other Angelles . fol. 115 Intelligence abideth in the vnderstanding after three manners . ibid. Illumination is a kind of the Angells conference . fo . 116 In scripture what is sig●ified by the bones wexing old . fol. 130 Iesus came into the world to take away sin , not sinners . fol. 131 In confessing our sins to god , we must vtterly condemne our selues , and that most of all dismayeth the diuell . fol. 132 Iesus wold not be praised of the diuel , & the reason therof . fol. 134 Israell , what the word signifieth . fol. 132 India yeeldeth a certaine kind of people , that haue no mouthes , but do liue by the smelling of sweet odours only . fol. 135 Iudgement of man how fallacious it is , and the same is approued by diuers examples out of holy Scripture . fol. 153 Iudge no man , till first we see how his actions passe . ibid , Instinct naturally of the mind , in noble and generous persons . fo . 157 In Aegypt the Enchaunters had no power to free themselues from the plague of Frogs . fol. 159 Infamous words proceeding from bad against good men , is to bee held as a great blessing of god . fol. 160 Ierome the reuerend doctor of the Church , gaue greate thankes to god , that he had made him worthy of the worlds hatred . fol. 163 In hypocrites it is especially to be obserued , that their colorable deceipts are of small continuance . fol. 166 Ioab slew Abner ; feining himselfe to be his louing friend : and the like did the Prince Amasa . fol ▪ 168 Ire or anger hath this property , that suddenly it breaketh foorth into his owne effect . ibid. Imitation is the principall part of an Oratour . fol. 170 Iust men haue each of them but one face only , but hypocrites shew themselues to haue many . fol. 176 Iohn Chrisostom , Iohn Climacus & Petrus Chrysologus deliuered each of them excellent sentences against hypocrites . fol. 178 Iosua , Gedcon , Moyses , Alexander & Caesar , were alwayes themselues the formost in the fight . fol. 179 Interpretation very excellently made on the parable of the ten virgins . fol. 184 Infirmity and weaknesse of the body , is oftentimes much better then health . fol. 217 Iust men are compared to fish shels on the Sea shoares , wherein are found pearles and pretious stones . fo . 254 Ierome his aduice , that before a man doth speak , he should bring his words to the touch or file , to try whether they be woorthy of deliuery or no. fol. 259 In correction of our brother , what charitable course is to be obserued , and a manner or forme ( withall ) set down , for euery Christians better direction . fol. 272 Knowledge , what it is , and how to be obtained . fol. 256 Keyes , caried by some at their girdles , others in their pockets : others about their necks : and others vpon their shoulders : and all these are seuerally applied . fol. 241 Key of the house of Dauid , and the meaning thereof . fol. 243 L Life and death are in the power of the tongue . fol. 4 Loquacity ( according to Apollonius ) is ful of errour , and silence most secure . fol. 12 Loquacity in young men , is a mighty disgrace . ibid. Laude and prayse of god , is the first lesson that Parentes ought to teache their children . fol. 13 Liberty must not be giuen to the tongue , but it must be carefully restrained , if we will be like vnto god . fol. 18 Life and death issue forth of the gate of the mouth . fol. 19 Lucifers proude words threw him down into hell . fol. 21 Lips of the sanctified soule , is likened to a hairelace . fol. 23 Lydians rather then they would be bound to silence , chose condemnation to the gallies . fol. 35 Laude or commendation of men , is better after death , then in their life time . fol. 37 Lye greater in Eue , then in Lucifer . fol. 38 Lie of Eue and of the diuel , were the occasion of al other lies . fol 39 Lyers all men are . fol. 47 Lycurgus an enemy to vaine eloquence . fol. 77 Lentulus spat in Catoes face . fol. 60 Lydians sentenced them with death , that by their tongues robd men of their good repute , euen as if they had bin murderers . fol. 66 Lacedemonians no louers of curious speaking . fol. 77 Lips , and the reason of their so calling . fol. 84 Laude or praise of trueth . fol. 99 Lying is a sin against nature . fol. 101 Lying is the greatest sin that opposeth it selfe against god . ibid. Lying defined by Tullie . ibid. Lyers are all the diuels children . fol. 102 Lying is a sin so infamous , as the diuell durst not vse it in his owne proper shape . ibid. Lying is odious to the lyer himselfe . ibid. Lying god doeth dispense withall , as hee hath doone with theft . ibid. Lying man only called by Christ Son of the diuell . ibid. Lying , how hatefull a sin it is , and of how many euils it onely hath bin the occasion . fo . 103 Lying is an vniuersall merchandise through the world . ibid. The lyer at one stroke offendeth three persons . ibid. Laban and Iacob set vp an heap of stones , instead of a writing drawn by a Scriuener . fol. 104 Law of God , wherfore it was written . ibid. Lyers are shunned of all men . fol. 106 A ly hath short legs . fol. 110 The lyer is worse then hell . fol. 111 Laude or praise issuing from an euill tongue , is infamy . fol. 143 Laude or commendation of the good and vertuous , is onely to be esteemed , according to Cicero . ibid. Luxury is a sin most odious in any age , but most especially in an old man it is horrible . fol. 207 Lewes king of France commanded a blasphemers tongue to be cut out of his head . fol. 213 Loquacity in an Oratour is tearmed a full tide of speech , and not accounted any part of eloquence . fol. 256 M Man is knowne by his speech to be wise or foolish . fol. 4 More are the defects committed by liberall talking , then by silence ibid. Many haue repented themselues of their rash speaking , but few or none of holding their peace . fol. 5 Marie the blessed virgin did very consideratly ponder in her mind , before she answered the angell Gabriell . fol. 8 Men indiscreet , first speak , and consider afterward . ibid. Mothers , that are too nice and fond of their children , with kisses do kill them , and with sweet meats poyson them . fol. 18 Many sins had the builders of Babell Tower , but none like to their presumptuous tongues . fol. 24 Men vertuous , are like goodly horses with costly bridles : but the wicked doe resemble Iades with halters on their heades . fol. 28 Men of many words are slenderly credited . ibid. Men wise speak seldom , and little . ibid. Men grounded in learning , do sauour the more of silence . fol. 30 Mydas had ears like an Asse , & none knew thereof , but his Barber : yet could not he refraine from blabbing it . fol. 35 Men that are wise , can easily keep silence . fol. 36 Mimas the Philosopher said , that the tongue was the Ambassadour of the hart . fol. 41 Much better is it not to know the secrets of a friend , then to know them and disclose them . fol. 42 Men are all lyers . fol. 47 Men may be said to speak truth , in partaking of the cheef truth god himselfe . fol. 49 Man of himselfe hath nothing at all . ibid. Man knowes more by negation , then by affirmation . ibid. Men that cleanse not the wayes of the tongue , called irascible and concupiscible , do fall into many errors . Mouth of the angry man compared to a pot seething ouer . fol. 57 Men that are wise are capable of no disdaine . fol. 59 Many haue bin chastised by sweet and mild speeches . fol. 67 Men ought to resemble cleare fountaines , or transparent glasses , to transforme themselues into all good obiects . fol. 79 Men that desire to liue long , and see good dayes , must keepe their tongues from euill speaking . ibid. Men of wisedom must haue their tongues like to the Crocodils . ibi . Man endures more labour for refraining his tongue , then for the amendment of his life . fol. 81 Man whether he be good or bad , is best known by his works : but whether he be foolish or wise , is discerned by his talk . ibid. Men learned , whence it ensueth , that in the Doctors chair they seem wise , and yet in familiar discourse are fools . fol. 82 Martyrs executed by Tyrants , for confessing the truth . fol. 98 Merchants vsing lying , become therby impouerished , and therfore were cast out of the Temple by Christ . fol. 103 Monster with three tongues and what he is . fol. 112 Mute or dumb was the diuell called , and the same is approoued by many singular discourses . fol. 113 Man only , and no creature else speaketh . fol. 118 Many are in hell , by presuming ouerboldly vpon gods mercy . f. 126 Mercy , and wherof the word is said to be deriued . ibid. Men on the mountaines of Iurea , do laugh when they see other men not misshapen like themselues . fol. 145 Murmurers , how offensiue to god they are . fol. 147 Myriam the sister of Moyses , by her murmuring became a leaper . ib. Murmuring , what it is , whereof it ariseth , and comparisons therof . fol. 149 Mercenaries or hirelings labour for worldly glory , and not for the benefit of their flock . fol. 183 Mercenaries haue two voyces : one of doctrin , another of profit , the one is Christs voyce , the other their owne . ibid. Many that haue bin innocent of their hands , haue yet condemned themselues by their tongues : and many more haue bin infamous by their speeches , then by their deeds . fol. 219 Melancholie persons are tardy of their speech . fol. 228 Moyses talking with god , grew to haue a defect in his speeche , and the reason thereof . fol. 229 Many haue sharp swords in stead of teeth . fol. 258 N No man can be said ▪ to be truly free , but he that by his vertues resisteth all vices whatsoeuer . fol. 16 No man is a speaker of truth : but all men are lyers . fol. 46 No man speaketh well , but when God speaketh by him . ibid. No man breaks silence , when he speaketh truly . fol. 49 No better guardian for the tōgue , then wisedom : wherupon are deliuered many notable noates . fol. 61 No man , or very few , is willing to be reprooued : wheron ariseth the maine ground of flattery . fol. 96 Nothing is more acceptable to god , then truth . fol. 97 No sinner is more hatefull , or more opposeth himselfe against god , then the lyer doth . fol. 101 Nothing is more to be abhorred , then lying . ibid. Notaries or Scriueners , whence it arose , that they became to be thought necessary euils in the world . fol. 104 Notaries were not thought fit men in the first times , nor their writings made any reckoning of . ibid. No greater beast , and more to be abhorred of the world , then is the diuell . fol. 119 Nothing is more pleasing to the diuel , then when he can lock vp the lips of a sinner , and hinder him from confessing his sins vnto god . fol. 121 No good signe is it , when a sinner comes to confer with god , to stād proudly on his owne good deeds , and neuer acknowledge the horror of his own sins . fol. 129 No accounr ought to be made of the murmurings of detractors , because their praises are rather dispraises . fol. 143 No dissimilitude between the diuels and detractors . fol. 144 Necessary are bitter enimies , for our vprightnesse in life , as kindest friends , for the one part will alwayes most be feared . ibid. Nothing in the world is more pretious then true honor . fol. 155 No greater labour is there , then to traffique with bad men , and no greater comfort , then to deale with good men . fol. 156 Nolite fieri , sicut hypocritae , tristes , what is signified therby : And whether it were not better to : Nolite facere , sicut hypocritae . fol. 177 No pain is to be spared in labouring for the conquest of heauens glory , not so much in regard of the matter it self , but in respect of our loue , to praise and glorifie god . fol. 187 No cause at all is there to mooue a man to blaspheme god , and therfore blasphemy is the deadlier sin . fol. 206 No punishment lasteth longer , then that allotted to the blasphemer , and somtimes it beginneth heer in this life . fol. 208 No beast abuseth god , but ingratefull man only . fol. 212 No benefit is truly known , but by the losse therof . fol. 217 No member of man is harder to be bridled , and more apt to sin , then the tongue is . fol. 219 Necessity requires it , that he who is borne deaffe , should be dumbe also . fol. 227 No eloquence at all , without wisedom . fol. 233 No wise mans hart can be capable of iniuries , according to the opinion of the Stoicks . fol. 257 No man neerer to god , then the innocent man. ibid. None daring to reproue Princes errors , do cause the greater euil . 259 Noahs name , what is signified therby . fol. 270 Number of brotherly corrections . fol. 278 O Of all men , the yong man ought to speak least , and should not speak at all , except he be therto required . fol. 12 Omulus the Philosopher highly commended silence . fol. 25 Obseruation is to be had , in speaking little , and hearing : approoued by an excellent example . fol. 29 Oratour of the Abderites , scorned by Agis king of the Lacedemonians , for his tedious discoursing . fol. 32 Ouid said : What labour is lesse then to hold our peace ? fol. 33 Ouid also said : It is a great vertue , to know how to be silent . fol. 41 Obseruations for a perfect Oratour . fol. 61 Orpheus and his history . fol. 68 Oratours of the Church , haue no need of vain and Rhetoricall ornament in their speaking . fol. 75 Ornament curious and fine in gods affaires , hath bin the occasion of much euill to hearers . fol. 76 Odours only maintaine the life of some people in India . fol. 135 Obseruation for the receit of things , wherein Aristotles opinion is held : Vnumquodque recipitur per modum recipientis . fol. 138 Orators ought to be good imitatours , because imitation is the principall part of Oratory . fol. 170 Our works cannot be good , if they want the true intention . ibid. Order obserued by insēsible creatures , for helping one another . f. 263 P Prouerb ancient , that deeds are men , and words women . fol. 2 Prouerb , The word of a king . Plato ●aid , that men are soonest approoued by their sound , like vnto glasses or vessels . fol. 6 Pythagoras made such reckoning of silence , as he held fishesin great veneration , because they were silent creatures . ibid. Pythagoras taught his schollers silence , as their first lesson . fol. 7 Periander the Philosopher said : Hear much , and speak little . fol. 20 Pittacus , the Mitylenian , commended silence greatly . fol. 12 Prating and babbling how pernitious it is . fol ▪ 13 Parents first precept to their children , ought to be enstruction how to speak honestly , and vertuously : and the same is confirmed by many worthy examples . ibid. Parents that take care to leaue their children great riches , & no vertuous presidents , resemble them that take care for a close neat shooe , and regard not how much it paineth the foot . fol. 15 Parents reprehended by Crates the philosopher . ibid. Plutarch reprooueth Fathers of families , for their great negligence toward their children . fol. 16 Parents that study how to leaue their children goods of Fortune , and nothing else , doe bring them vp like dogges , Goates , &c. ibid. Philip of Macedon thanked the Gods , that his son Alexander was born in Aristotles time , to whom he made him scholler . ibid. Parents shold resemble a Nurses dealing with a weake child . fol. 17 Parents ought not only to giue example to their children of not sinning , but of good , honest and laudable action . ibid. Parents that are nice in correcting their children , resemble a mother who seeing her sonne in the water , and being fearefull to catch him by the locks of hayr to saue him , suffers him to be drowned . They are like to Dauid , who not reproouing Amnon , was the occasion of his many disorders : compared are they likewise to Heli the priest . &c. ibid. Perill of mans life is only in his tongue . fol. 19 Pardon is a peculiar vertue , belonging to god only . fol. 20 Pain of the rich glutton , for his wicked tongue . fol. 21 Plutarch saith , That of silence , god only is the master , but of talking man is master . fol. 27 Pitheus by ouer liberall talking , obscured his many victories . fol. 28 Phormio the philosopher , liued in the woods , because he would not be offended by mens vaine talking . fol. 29 Philippides the poet humbly desired of prince Lysimachus , that he would not acquaint him with any of his secrets . fol. 34 Plague of a wicked tongue , breaketh the bones , which a whip cānot doo , and therfore is held to be much worse . fol. 41 Pambus the Abbot , concerning the best lesson that euer he learned . fol. 36 Plato said , That a man cannot be wise , except he be able to retaine a secret . fol. 42 Prophecy of Ca●phas , not vnderstood of himselfe . fol. 51 Preachers are Coffins or Trunkes of the word of god , according to the words of S. Augustine . fol. 70 Property of the Bear , when she bringeth foorth her yong ones , to be obserued of vs men . fol. 78 Prudence is the fittest for gouernment , & the praise therof . fol. 78 Pyrrhus king of Epyre sayd : He shall be my successor , that hath his sword keenest . ibid. Philopoemenes gaue sentence against a Trumpeter taken in the war , that he should die . fol. 94 Pythagoras sayd , that truth makes men like vnto god . fol. 100 Probleme of the three yong men , in the court of king Darius , what thing in the world was strongest . fol. 107 Preachers are like watchful dogs , careful of keping their flocks . f ▪ 122 Pharisie in the Temple as he prayed , both cried out , and yet was silent too at the same instant . fol. 130 Pharisies and their vniust murmuring against Christ . fol. 138 Plistoaxax gaue an excellent sentence against bad men . fol. 140 Punishment inflicted by god vpon a religious man for his euil tōgue fol. 145 Punishment must be answerable to the offence . fol. 161 Paine imposed vpon detractors . ibid. Pharisies preached the law of Moyses for their own benefite , but made no obseruation thereof . fol. 183 Prouinces of the world , are three , and no more . fol. 210 Priuation or lack of speech , begetteth the quiet and security of the mind . fol. 218 Port or gate of heauē , of paradise , of figures , of the Prophets mouths , and of Gods maruailes , were all fast shut vp before the comming of Christ . But afterward , Christs side was no sooner opened , but they all were opened . fol. 246 Perillus had fifty talents giuen him by Alexander , toward the mariage of his daughter . fol. 250 Peter the Apostle , at his first Sermon , cōuerted three thousand souls . fol. 255 Princes are compared to Bees . fol. 268 Precepts , of how many kinds they be . fol. 269 Q Quintilian wrote , That there is no vertue more painfull to be followed , then silence . fol. 35 Quality of the soule is best known by our speech . fol. 210 Queen of Saba , seeing the greatnesse of Salomon , lost her spirit with amazement . fol. 233 R Rich glutton was giuen to many sins , and therefore deserued many chastisements : neuerthelesse , the gospell makes mention of no punishment , but of that he suffered in his tongue , & the reason therof . fol. 21 Reason is that which rectifies the will. fol. 57 Reason was giuen to man for an aide to his soule . fol. 58 Reprehension is not pleasing to the world . ibid. Reproofe that god wil giue to those hypocrits , that haue nothing but good words only . fol. 199 Reasoning or discoursing , declares of what nation a man is , & therby the blasphemer is noated to be of hells kingdom . fol. 210 Reasoning or speaking is of two kinds , as the lips are two . fol. 220 Requests made vnto god , ought to be great , answerable to the greatnesse of his Maiesty . fol. 249 Request made by Perillus to Alexander . Receiuers and giuers ought to open their hand . fol. 253 Reprehension of princes , how it ought to be done . fol. 267 Reprehension must be gilded ouer like pils . fol. 268 Reprehension and brotherly correction , how , and after what kind . fol. 274 Reprehenders must imitate hunters . ibid. Reprehension for great sins . fol. 279 Reprehension brotherly made , confounds the diuell . ibid. Reprehension must be vsed after the Cocks quality . ibid. S Solon said , That words are the image of deeds , and the liuely figure of a mans life . fol. 2 Socrates to vnderstand the nature of a yong man , commanded him to speak to him . ibid. Solon , a man greatly giuen to silence , said to Periander king of Corinth , A foolish man cannot be silent . fol. 5 Schollers of Pythagoras , for their first lesson , learned silence . fol. 7 Schollers that will learne knowledge , must first beleeue . fol. 8 Silence somtimes may be the occasion of many inconueniences . ibid. Salomon the wisest man of the world , said , That it was and is a very difficult thing to speak well . fol. 9 Sasiades the philosopher , said : That the tongue ought not to speake , vntill the mind haue first forethought what is to be spoken . fol. 12 Silence commended by Isocrates , for to teach well speaking . ibid. Silence is to be praised in all men : but especially in young men is a most goodly ornament . ibid ▪ Seneca saith , That silence renders most commodious quiet to the mind . fol. 13 Sentence of Plutarch , against such fathers , as did not instruct their children in actions of vertuous life . fol. 16 Similitude of fathers of families , that reprooue not their children . fol. 17 Silence maketh a man neer , and like vnto god . fol. 18 Silence in time beseeming it , is more commendable then a choisely deckt Oration . fol. 25 Silence is the gard of the consciēce , a bridle for insolence , the beauty of innocence , the badge of wisedom : and this is approoued by many singular reasons . fol. 27 Silence is compared to the wall of a city . ibid. Silence preserueth men from offending god & our neighbor . fo . 29 Socrates wrote a book in praise of silence . fol. 38 Silence , and the commendation therof . fol. 37 Schools for instruction of silence were very conuenient . ibid. Silence helpeth both the wise man and the foole . ibid. Sum of al that Seneca wrote to Lucullus , was : To be slow in speaking ibid. Secrets of a friend , it is not good to know them . fol. 42 Silence eternally man ought to keep . fol. 44 S. Stephen in disputation ouercame many nations . fol. 51 Silence breakers , the first in heauen was Lucifer , and on earth it was our grandmother Eue. fol. 52 Seneca said , That anger was not good for any vertuous thing . fol. 59 Seneca would not smite his seruant in his anger . fol. 60 Silence is the only remedy against anger . ibid. Senacherib slaine by his two sons , and his Armie slaine by the Angel of the Lord , only for blasphemy , & such was the slaughter , that in one night there perished 185. thousand souldiers . fol. 64 Saul the king among the Prophets . fol. 71 Sampson and his mishap , by speaking improuidently . fol. 86 Sigismond the Emperour gaue a flatterer a blow on the eare , demanding why he bit him ? fol. 93 Sacred scriptures , why they were written in marble , and the law not rather giuen without writing . fol. 104 Sin , why it is called a lance sharpned on both sides . fol. 133 Socrates , seeing a youngman comming forth of an harlots house , gaue him a witty reprehension . fol. 123 Sede , tac● , intra tenebras , and the same explaned . fol. 134 Sinners haue more need of tears then of talking . fol. 135 Scriptures read of many : by abusing them , the heretique sucks out false opinions , and the true Christian gathers nothing but sound doctrin , and whence this variety ensueth . fol. 139 Seneca his learned saying against euill tongues . fol. 142 Sichemites circumcised themselues , only to inherit the Israelits goods and possessions . fol. 193 Sin in seuerall kinds , do pretend some excuse for themselues ▪ but the sin of blasphemy can pretend none at all . fol. 207 Silence is begotten of the hymne . fol. 232 Sanctified spirit or holy ghost , and the reason wherefore it is called in 〈…〉 T There belongs as much blame to vnproportionable silence , as to vaine and carelesse talking . fol. 4 The precept diuine , as it commands obedience in the Sonne to his Father , so doth it also bind the Father , to bring vp his son in vertuous education . fol. 15 To keep silence is the noblest Philosophie in man. fol. 26 To keep silence is an especiall gift of god . ibid. Thomas Aquinas , was tearmed by his master Albertus Magnus , the Oxe , for the loue he bare to silence . ibid. Theodauas and Agatonus , two woorthie louers of silence . ibid. Tiberius teaching a talkatiue Senatour silence , caused him to vse very absurd and antiquelike behauiours . fol. 35 Those things that God commandeth , are most iust . fol. 57 Three kinds of speaking , and three kinds of tongues . fo . 112 Three things ought euery penitent soule to do , in seeking pardon for her transgressions . fol. 134 The whole powers and faculties of the soule , do step foorth , for sake and leaue the slanderer . fol. 150 The ●●●gue of man is as a touchstone , wherby to try him . fol. 2 The tongue giuen to man for a reward . fol. 3 The rich gluttons tongue was more punished , then any other part of his body . fol. 21 The tongue without a bridle , is compared to a city without a wall , or any guard or defence . fol. 22 Tongues first , before hands , did crucifie Christ . fol. 24 The tongue of man is like a City or Castle , builded in a most artificiall manner . fol. 27 The tongue being the occasion of so many euils , wherfore it was by God bestowed vpon man. fol. 39 The tongue compared to riches . ibid. The tongue compared by Dauid , to a sword , and to a pen. fol. 40. The tongue is the best and worst thing in a man. ibid. The wicked tongue is worse then hell . fol. 41 The tongue is the Embassadour of the hart . ibid. The tongue hath foure wayes to walke by , all which do necessarilye require great care and circumspection . fol. 55 The tongue ought to haue fiue conditions , needefull for well speaking . fol. 66 The tongue bewraies the health or sicKnesse of the soule . fol. 71 The tongue of man ought to haue the properties of a dogs tongue . fol. 77 The reason why God did shut vp the tongue between teeth & lips . fol. 79 The tongue hath two veines , one answerable to the hart , and the other agreeable to the braine . fo . 85 The serpents tongue is alwayes black , and the reason thereof . fol. 136 The reason , why God permitted the diuell to binde vp the dumbe mans tongue . ibid. The Bulles in India haue their tongues so long , that they reache foorth vnto their eares . fo . 155 The hypocrites tongue , how hurtfull it is . fol. 182 Testimony of the conscience , what it is . fol. 186 Three seuerall wayes we may derogate from Gods goodnesse . fol. 202 Three seuerall kingdomes made by God , and each of them hath his particular language , and phrase of speaking . fol. 210 The wicked mans mouth is an open sepulcher . fol. 241 Three seuerall kinds of precepts . fol. 269 Time , place and manner , ought to be obserued , in brotherly correction . fol. 270 V Vertue first of all to be learned , is to gouerne the tongue . fol. 18 Vessels that be open , and haue no couering fastned vpon them ▪ by Gods lawe were held to be vncleane . fol. 26 Vnderstanding apprehendeth the knowledge of things . fol. 50 Vnderstanding diuine is the cause and measure of things . ibid. Vnderstanding of man , is a lyer , without God the onely truth . fol. 51 Variable ought our discoursings to be , according to the variety of the obiect and subiect whereof we speake . fol. 77 Verity seldome knowne of Princes , in regard of their flatterers . fol. 89 Vanity of flatterers , very liuely described . fol. 90 Variable names of the flatterer , and all significant . fol. 86 Verity , like vnto Honie . fol. 97 Verity beloued of lyers themselues . ibid. Verity is hated , and thence ariseth flattery : approoued by many notable places of Scripture . fol. 98 Verity so beloued of Christ , as for it only he came into the world . fol. 99 Verity contendeth with eternity . fol. 109 Virgin defloured in the field , cleared from punishment by the olde lawe , but being dishonoured in the City , the lawe commaunded all the people to stone her : Quia non clamauit . &c. fol. 127 Vice of detraction , how great and odious it is . fol. 144 Vertue consisteth not in the verbe , but in the aduerbe . fol. 167 Virgins in the Parable , Mat. 25. notably expounded . fol. 184 W Way of wisedome for a guide to the tongue , fol. 65 Will is one of the tongues ways , wherto there needeth a very good guardian . fol. 56 Will commandeth all the powers of the soule . ibid. Word of God how sweet it is , and able to conuert men . fol. 68 Word of God compared to a ploughshare . fol. 75 Whence it ensueth , that one and the selfe same earth produceth diuers and sundry fruits , and grafts diuers vpon one stock . fol. 139 VVorks good and vertuous , in what daunger of losse they are , onely by vaine glory . foll . 185 VVorks of good life , in dooing them , we ought to resemble the Israelites , in ●eedifying of the holy Temple , in one hand to hold a sword , and to worke with the other . fol. 189 VVorkes of man cannot be good , if they want Gedeons example . fol. 187 VVhence it ensueth , that the deaffe borne , are dumb also . fol. 127 VVhence it ensueth , that some stammer , and others are eloquent . fol. 228 Whence it proceeded , that some holy Saints talking with God , became stammerers and dumb . fol. 229 When we aske any thing of God , we ought to craue things correspondent to his diuine maiesty , and no matters of meane moment . fol. 249 VVhence it ariseth , that man being so noble , is yet more defectiue then all the other creatures . fol. 264 We ought not searche into other mens sins , thereby to win occasion for reproouing them : whereon is discoursed very learnedly . fol. 276 We ought not to reprooue those falts in oth●●s , wherwith we know our selues to be stained . ibid. X Xenocrates the Chalcedonian Philosopher , neuer repented himselfe for silence , but many times for talking . fol. 29 Xenocrates by his sweetnesse of discourse , altred the base behauiour of a luxurious yong man. fol. 68 Xenocrates , Alexanders Trumpetter neuer sounded his Trumpet , but still Alexander drew foorth his sword . fol. 95 Y Yong men ought not to speake , till they be thereto requested . fol. 12 Yong damoselles in elder times , obserued it as a custome , to bind vp their locks with a crimson hayre-lace , wherof they made a wise and morall signification . fol. 23 Zeno the Philosopher , he only among guests at a solemne banquet , sate silent . fol. 5 Zeno bit foorth his tongue with his teeth , and spat it in the Tyrants face , because he would not discouer his friends , true louers of their country . fol. 10 Zeno Elateus deliuereth the reason , wherfore nature gaue a man two eares , and but one tongue . ibid. Zoilus the detractor could speake well of no man. fol. 142 Zephirus sends his kindly blasts abroade in the moneth Marche . fol. 256 FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A08695-e1010 The Induction to this discourse . Varietie of sentence . A friendly enforcement , to vrge an answere . Sentence . Similie . Sentence . One sentence quitted with a contrarie . The nature of questioning , & answering . Prouerbe . * Solons opinion of speeche . Socrates concerning speeche . Example . Sentences . Psal . 45. 1. 2. Allusion . Sentence . * Prouerbe . Deedes , or wordes which are of most esteeme , and how they differ . * Aristotles opinion of wordes . S. Grego Nazian his iudgement on words , and comparison of them . Allusion . Allusion to the words of Salomon . Eccle. 51. 30. A Similie to sound purpose , comparing speeche with merchādise , and answering that of Greg. Nazian . Prou. 8. 21. Of speaking well and ill . An Obiection concerning life and death , consisting in the power of the tongue . Similie . Psal . 31. 3. Esay . 6. 5. Iob. 39. 38. Obseruation for a time to speake , for auoiding of error in either . Pro. 10. 9. A foole speaks most , when he should do it least . Eccle. 3. 1. 7. How a foole may appeare to be wise . Cicero in Epist . 40. Prou. 17. 29. A Similie of a fools outward shew of wisedome , or apparance of follie . Iobs aduise to his friends , how to seeme wise . Iob. 13. 5. Example . Perianders words to Solon , concerning his silēce . Solōs answer . Example . The Embassadour of Lycaonia h●s speeches to Zeno , & his reply . Example . Platoes opinion how men are soonest to be knowne . The different nature of men in their talking , according to their owne inclination . A very sententio●s answere . The reckoning that Pythagoras made of silence . All creatures haue a kind of voyce , but the fish onely . Plin. lib. 9. cap. 17. Ciceroes commendation of Cato . Sentence . Cato his aduise in speaking . Pythagoras in teaching silence , did not will perpetual silence . Saint Ierome his wordes concerning Pythagoras . Others opinion of Pythagoras teaching of silēce . Aristotles lesson to young learners . A defence of Pythagoras silence . Eccle. 15. 18. Sentence . Chilo , concerning the tongue . Luke . 1. 29. Sentence . Cicero , and Cato Vtica , their seuerall opinions of silence and speaking . The rash speaking of trueth may cause danger to life . Sentence . Psal . 140. 3. Dauids desire for assistance in his speaking . Psal . vt sup . Eccle. 6. 7. Dauids opinion of such as are talkatiue . Salomon his care for his speaking . Eccle. 22. 2● . Chrysost concerning the office of the tongue . Hugo in lib. de 12. abu . The reason why Dauid & Salomon desired a watch & a doore , and not a wall before their lips . The mouth is to be kept shut but to religious offices . Periander his Sentence . Cleobulus , concerning a wise man. Much listening to others speeche , bewrayes a weake wit. Zeno his reason , why Nature gaue a man two ears , and but one tongue . Epaminodas his aduise , to heare more then speake . Prouer. 10. 20. Sentence . Pittacus his counsell , not to let the tongue run before the mind . A notable Example , how Isocrates taught a talkatiue Scholler to learne silence , or to speake well . Apollonius iudgement of Ioquacitie , and silence . How commēdable silence is in a young man. Eccle. 32. 8. Seneca approueth seldom speaking a great quietnelle to the mind . Anacharsides , his wittie and iudicious sentence . The first lessō for parents to teache theyr children , according to the rule of Dauid . Psal . 112. 1. 2. 3. 4. The honour and praise of God , is that which Parēts ought to teach th●● children first of all . An Allusion to the former naturall Example : how children do imitate their parentes behauiour . An historicall example , declaring the naturall inclination of children after their parents course of life . What is engraffed by nature can neuer be altered . The Allusion of the ●xample , to the good or bad presidents of parents to their children . A true prouerbe . Crates the Philosopher , his speeches concerning parents . The words themselues out of Plutarch . A good lesson for rich men . A worthy example for t couetous fathers and necessarie in these dayes to be regarded . Plutarch his amazement at the great negligence in parents , towarde their childrē . Philip of Macedon , reioyced that his sonne Alexander was borne in the time of Aristotle . Of the goods of Fortune , and an apt resemblance . The reason why Diogenes did beate a Schoolmaster . Plutarchs aduise to Fathers and mothers . Similie . For cockering parents . Example of an ouer-foolish mother . Example of Heli the priest and his bad children . Example of king Dauid , and Amnon his Sonne , and afterward of Absolons rebeilion against him . An excellent Similie , with the allusion thereof . An especiall matter to be noted . Leuit. 26. Eccle. 30. 12. Eccle. 30. 8. A sententious allegation , and to good purpose . Cato his aduise for a childs first instruction . Psal . 15. 1. 2. 3. Dauids Dialogue between God and himselfe : agreeing with the former sayings of Cato . Both life and death is in the tongues power . Prouer. 18. 21. Similie and Allusion . Men would gladly taste of immortall life , but are loath to leaue this frayle transitory life . The tongue is the Iaylor , that keepes the key of life and death . 2. Cor. 5. 4. The tongue is the gate , whereby life passeth forth , and death enters in . 2. Cor. 4. 7. An excellent and wittie Sentence . Pro. 15. 1. 4. Ge●e . 4. 13. Caine offended God more with his blasphemous tongue , then he did with his murdring hād . Caine lyed , in regard that Gods mercy , is greater thē his iustice . Lucifers proude words threw him downe into hell . Esay . 14. 12. 13. Example of the rich glutton . Luke . 16. 21. The glutton complained most of his tongue in hell torments . A note for beleie Gods & banquetters . How men are murdered , & yet not being present . Psal . 56. 6. The iust punishment of the Gluttons tongue . Luke . 16. 24. Pro. 18. 21. The soule is in more daunger by the tōgue , then a citic by enemies . Pro. 25. 29. Psal . 140. Sentence , and Allusion . Cant. 4. 3. A custome obserued by young beautifull maydens in elder times . The morall signification of the custome , worth obseruation . Luke 12. 19. Cant. 2. 14. Of the indiscreete mans behauiour in talking , to the danger of his owne soule . Prouer. 13. 3. S. Augustine approoueth them most guilty , that crucified with their tongues our Sauiour Christ . Mark. 15. 25. Iohn . 19. 14. A note worthy to be remembred . Psal . 56. 6. The builders of Babell were Heretiques , in tweening to resist God by theyr tongues which drew the confusion of tongues among them , albeit God had many other meanes to haue punished thē by . Gene. 11. 4. Sentence . To speake according to time & place , is the testimony of a wise man. Acaticus the Philosopher . The saying of learned Omulus . Sentence . Iob spake in the bitternesse of his soule . Ioh. 10. 1. An especiall gift of God to his deare children . Thomas Aquinas tearmed by his master Albertus Magnus , the dumb Ox. Agatonus and Theodanas , two memorable louers of silence . Numb . 19. 15. Gods commādement concerning vnclean vessels . An excellent allusion , framed vpon the former place of Scripture . Psal . 5. 11. Silence is the onely best couerture for the vessell of the hart . Prou. 10. 20. Similie . Allusion . Example . Allusion . 1. How silence is the guarde of the conscience , with a most excellent comparison of the tongue . Esay . 30. 25. Silence and hope the strongest defence . Epaminondas his discreete answere to the Rhodians , concerning what he had seene in his trauailes . 2. The bridle of insolence , with a very apt comparison , and Allusion . Sap. 7. 12. Eccle. 28 , 29. Example of Prince Pitheus . Example of Cicero . A good note for such as are slaunderers & backbiters . The reason why Phormio the Philosopher sled the company of men . 3. The beauty and glory of innocence , with a singular example to approoue the same . Xenocrates his witty answere . Seuerall Sentences , whereto is added their proper Allusions . Esay . 32. 17. A singular Example . The eare ought to be stronger then the tongue . 4. The badge or signe of wisedome . Iob. 13. 5. A Similie to approoue his assertion . The Allusion . Prou. 18. 4. Sentence . Prouerbe . Prouerb . 14. 25. An example comparatiue wise , betweene a poore trader , and a rich merchant , with the allusion thereof . Sentence . Esay . 8. 6. Eccle. 9. 17. Breuity more commendable then tedious circumstance . Prouerbe . An example of a pleasing Oratour to his Auditory . An example of two Embassadours sent vnto a king of late dayes . An apparant testimony of a wise man. Example of Agis king of Lacedemon , and the Abderites Embassadour . For such as take delight to heare themselues talke . Sentences answering eache other . Psal 140. 3. Example of Dauids care in speaking . Psal . 50. 16. Psal . 119. 131. Psal . 38. 13. A time for speaking , and a time to be silent . Sentence . Psal . 81. 10. Eccle. 6. 7. He can doe little , that cannot hold his peace . The reason why so many Schooles were erected for learning . The close the mouth is harder then to speake . Example of such as are dumbe . Iob. 4. 2. Herodotus his example of Atys the dumb Son to Croesus king of Lydia . The attribution both to the one and other . Example of Philippides the Poet , and kind Lysimachus . Example of Architas the Tarentine . Example of the lawe amōg the Lydians for silence . Quintilian concerning silence . Example how Tyberius taught a talkatiue Senatour silence . Example of the Barber to king Mydas , vnable to containe the kings deformity . Example of the Apostles , and Christ himselfe . Act. 4. 20. A very apt Similie to this purpose . Silence is no greater a gift of God , then wise speaking . Prouerb . 16. 1. God onely hath the gouernment of the tongue . Example of Pambus the Abbot , concerning the best lesson that euer he learned . Socrates his book to teach silence . Sentence . Plutarch contrary to Socrates . Similie . Esay . 8. 6. Iob. 39. 37 , 38. Talking deliuers a signe of lightnesse . Iob. 13. 5. Silence beneficial for a fool . Difference of silence in a foole and a wise man. Answere to the question . Similie , and the allusion thereof . Seneca his letter sent to Lucullus . Vincentio Belnacens , his answer to Foelix the Doctour . The time when a man may best be commended , according to Salomon . Eccle. 11 , 30. Eccle. 11. 2. Praise is then best beseeming when one action is not to be contraried by another . Sentence . Eccle. 28. 25. Example of our first mother Eua , and of Lucifer the proud Angell . Gene. 3. 2. 3. 4. The womans ly was greater then that of the Deuil : for she was the inuentresse of lying , & taught it to the deuil , by two seuerall lyes . The two lyes . Gen. 2. 17. The deuil , like an apt Scholler , ads two worse lyes to the womans . A demaund worth the obseruation . Answere to the demaund by an apt comparison . Math. 12. 37. Psal . 56. 4. Comparison between the tongue , and a sword . Sap. 8. Comparison of vessels for proofe of a wise man , and a foole . Eccle. 28. Comparison of the tongue to a writers pen. Psal . 44. 2. An excellent Allusion , worth the regarding . Example of the goodnesse and badnesse of the tongue . A wittie sententious answere of a Seruant . Pro. 13. 21. To what end God gaue the tongue to man. Eccl. 20. 7. Eccle. 28. 22. Of the euill tongue . Eccle 28. 16. 17. 21. 18. 25. An excellent Similie . Eccle. 40. 21. The powerfull and pretious vertues of a good tongue . Sentences coupling together . Minas the Philosopher , his conceit of the tongue . Aristotle concerning the difficulty of silence . An Example of himselfe . To be silent is the hardest matter , Aristotle . Wisedom consisteth in silence , Plato . An example to sound purpose , concerning the disclosing of a secret . One mans blame may light vpon an other . God iealous of his secrets . Esay . 45. God spake but once or twise only , according to Dauid ▪ Psal . 62. 11. Iobs proofe of the same . Iob. 33. 14. A demaund vrging the contrary to the former obiection . Heb. 14. 2. Iohn . 1. 3. Of the eternal word actiue , conioyned with the passiue of our humanity . Iohn . 1. 4. Apoc. 4. 11. A School-like cauile , for further resolution . A sententious and learned answere . In God , between doing and speaking , is no differēce . Psal . 48. 10. The diuine word is the liuing conceites of the Father vnderstāding . Iohn 1. 14. Iohn 8. 38. * silentium . A venerable explication of the lngly Prophets words . An excellent answere , well worthie the noting . Psal . 115. 2. Psal . 5. 6. God is onely truth , and al men lyars : how vnderstood . Rom. 3. 4. Though all men be lyars , as beeing the sonnes of mē , yet trueth makes them the sonnes of God , and so no lyars . Psal . 61. 9. Psal . 52. 1. 2. How God gaue power vnto men , to become the sonnes of God & be no lyars . Iohn 1. 12. Psal . 81. 6. Rom. 3. 4. Venerable Bede , his words of the children of God. A question of very great import , concerning those that are to bee tearmed the sonnes of God onely . The former demaund . Learnedly answered . Psal . 43. 3. Similie and the Allusion thereof . An answere to the other saying of Dauid : Omnis homo mendax . The differēce between the truth , & a lye . Psal . 5. 6. Psal . 38. 8. How to consider man , as he is of himselfe , and as he is of God. Marcilius Ficinus vpon Plato . Of mans knowledge , & how far it extendeth . The opinion of a learned Father in comparison of the trueth . By things that are , or are not the trueth is soonest discerned . Similie of the Ayre , and our vnderstāding . Psal . 33. 3. How any thing is truly said to be true . Man ( of his owne nature ) becommeth nothing . The eternall wisedome , the best schoelemaster in speaking . Math. 10. 20. Example of S. Stephens speaking to many Natiōs . Act. 6. 10. S. Stephen spake nothing of himselfe , but the holy Ghost spake by him . Mat. 10. 20. Example of Caiphas the high priest . Iohn 18. 14. Caiphas spake as Balaams Asse did . Example of Balaam . Numb . 24. 17. Of the man that feareth the Lord. Eccle. 15. 5. Psal . 41. 10. Luke 21. 15. When we tell a lye , we break silence , as 〈◊〉 Caiphas did . Mat. 26. 65. 66. Man is like an Infant , that knowes not how to speake . Silence broken , and yet not broken by speaking . Who were the first that euer brake silence , both in heauē and earth . Esay . 14. 13. 14. Lucifers reward for his proude breach of silence . Esay . 14. 15. Apoc. 12. 9. Gen. 3. 2. 3. How our mother Euc became the second breaker of silence . Silence in her had bin much better . Of one commandement she made two . She brake not silence , till she spake of her selfe . The woman knew not with whom she talked . Apoc. 12. 10. The Deuill had too long a tongue . Apoc. 12. 7. Esay . 14. 14. Apoc. 12. 7. The woman couetous of honor . How the woman might haue answered the Serpent . King Dauids lesson , for custody of the tongue . Psal . 38. 1. 2. An applicatiō to the Prophets words . Psal . 38. 3. His demaund cōcerning the meaning of the Prophets speeches . An answere to the demaund by a familiar Similie . The fowre sūdry wayes of passage , for the tongue in speaking . 1. The way of the vnderstāding ; & how to purge it . Psal . 119. 86. Of the blessed and celestiall Spirits , & how they erre not . Psal . 76. 4. 5. When the intellectuall way is not agreeable to the truth , the tongue erreth Gen. 3. 4. Caine the first Heretique . 2. The way of the will , and how to clense it . Very pertinēt Examples . The way of the will , is to be kept by the guarde of reason . Similie , and the allusion thereof . The necessitie of reason . The reason , why God at the first gaue man free will , with an excellent comparison , worth the obseruance . Allusion of the comparison , in the kingdome of the soule . The differēce in God. Ephes . 2. 11. 3. The way of the power concupiscible , or lusting , and purgatiō therto belonging . 4. The way of the power inascible , of greefe or anguish , and the good guardance thereof . The mouth of a foole . Prouer. 15. 2. The mouthes of angry men , like vnto a pot boyling on the fire . Allusion of the comparison , to the angry man. Cato his saying of the angry man. Eccle. 27. Two singular Similies . Allusion of the Similies , to the hart of man. The differēce in God. Exod. 34. 6. The excuse of some kind of angry men . Sentence . One small woūd as sufficient to take away life , as many together . Similie . A singular exposition vpon the words of Christ . Similie and Allusion . Marcilius Ficinus of two kinds of furies and follies . Seneca his iudgement of anger . Seneca , his answer to such as could do no valiāt act , but in anger . Aristotle concerning anger ▪ Psal . 4. 5. Seneca yo● further cōcerning Anger . Of drunkennesse . Seneca would not smite his seruant in anger . Example of Diogenes his answere to one that did spit in his face Example of Cato , vpon the abuse of Lentulus to him . A worthy comparison , with the Allusion therof . Example of Iosuah his taking the city of Hai. Iosu . 8. Example of Dauids flight from Absolon , and Shemei . Psal . 3. 3. 7. 8. Dauids cariage of himself in his anger . Psal . 76. 4. Example of Hannibal , and of another Tyrant recorded by Seneca Psal ▪ 38. 2. For many waies of offending , there ought to be as many of preuenting . Similie of many places sorting to one meeting , with the Allusion . Of Eustochia , Eubillia , and Sinesi in their seuerall powers for instruction of speech . Example of a skilfull master in Rhetorique . The deuill continually watcheth all our sayings , and in what manner . Similie . Example of the iust mans hearing vs , and his interpretation of our speeches . Of the deuill , and the wicked man his disciple , and their interpretation of our words . How needfull a good watchman is for the mouth . Psal . 33. 12. 13. A man is not so good , but somthing may be defectiue in him . 2. Reg. 22. 37. Example of king Achab , being wounded from an vnknown hād . A notable Allusion of the former place . Psal . 64. 3. 4. The euill intended to others , re●ods backwards on the wicked . Prouerbe . Psal . 64. 8. 2. Chron. 32. 15. 16. 17. Example of king Senacherib , in his proude intent against Ezechias , and basphemous speeches against God. Gods iust reuenge on the pride and blasphemie of Senachersb . Esay . 37. 36. 37. 38. Senacherib murdered in the Temple , by his owne sons . Senacherib ouerthrowne by his owne lauish tongue . Example of the young Amalekite who had slain king Saul , by his owne report . 2. Sam. 2. 16. The Authors interpretatiō of king Dauids speeches to the Amalekite , for belying himselfe . Sentence . Proner . 19. 16. Plutarch his example of the Lydians against infamy . The fiue properties which the tongue it selfe hath , and their allusiō to our speeche . 1. Our speeche ought to be soft and pleasing . A sententious Prouerbe . Prou. 15. 1. Similie and the Allusion thereof . Prouerb . 15. 1. Eccle. 6. 5. Example of Absolons pleasing words . Example of the two great Oratours Cicero and Demosthenes . The words of Apollonius to Cicero . Example of Xenocrates & Palaemon . Example of Cato Censorius . Example of Aegesias , Platoes scholler . Example of Amphron the Son of loue . Example of Ariō of Lesbos . Example of Alpheus , and of Orpheus . Allusion to the sweetnesse of their speech ▪ Example of the Apostles and Martyrs . An excellent History of M. Iordanus , a Preacher in Vercellis . Gualterus Teutonicus , his words against lordanus . Gualterus himselfe rauished with hearing the world . Psal . 18. 11. The sweetnesse of the speeche of Christ , to his very enemies . Iohn . 7. 46. Luke . 5. 1. The ministers of the Pharisies forget their fircenesse at Christes speaking . Psal . 29. 4. 5. Religious preachers participating with the vertue of Christs voice . The words of S. Augustine of himselfe . Iudg. 14. 18. The word of God is sweeter then hony . Example of the sweetnesse of the word of God , in Sauls seeking the death of Dauid . Sauls souldiors praised god among the Prophets , according as they were seuerally sent . Saul , incensed with rage , goeth himselfe to Ramah , and there was constrained to praise God also among thē . The prouerbe in Israel . 2. Sam. 19. ●4 . 2. Sam. 19. ●4 . 2. Our speech ought to haue the Rose colour of honesty 8 : charity . A check to the vnseemly language vsed now adayes . Sentence . An excellent comparison , and his Allusion . Prouer. 12. 18. An implicatiō of Salomons words . Our words answerable to our worldly cogitations . Apoc. 16. 13. Of S. Iohns vision in the Isle of Pathmos . Application of the vision , by the Author . Three qualities in the frog answerable to the former application : of Pride , vncleannesse and auatice . 2. Iohn 2. 16. 3. Our speeche ought to be like a weapon , sharpe : as it is in resemblance . Allusion of the fierie tongues on the Apostles . Heb. 4. 12. What weapon our Sauiour brought into the world , and what power it hath . Example of the Prophet Elias , when he fled from queene Iesabell . 2. Kin. 19. 9. 10. 1. King. 19. 15. 16. 17. The answer of the Lord vnto Elias . What we haue especially to note in this worthie example . Allusion of the whole History by this powerful weapon of Gods word . Example of the couuersiō of Nations , by poore vnarmed men , exceeding the might of all the Monarchs Apoc. 2. 16. Esay . 2. 4. A question cōcerning the time of the Messias comming . Answere , by the Allusion of the holy ghost . Luke 2. 14. Comparison betweene the husband mās plough share , and a sword , for their seuerall vses . Allusion of both in their true natures . The Philosophers & Orators curiosity . The plain and sincere trueth of the Gospel . Comparison between a forced beauty , & a true naturall complexion . An excellent Allusion of the comparison . No vain glosse is to be set on the word diuine , with the manifest hurt ensuing therby A demaund by way of comparison , of a besieged city , and the meetest meanes of resistance . Allusion to the neglect of many in these dayes , for the reproofe of sin . Ierem. 48. 9. The Authors applying of the Prophets words . Ierem. 48. 10. A good note for vayne and idle headed preachers . Example of a Greek Oratour , and how Lycurgus answered him . The common wealth looseth most by lack of well speaking . 4. Our speech ought to shew the flexibility of the tongue . The offices of this flexibility 2. Cor. 9. 22. Comparison of the tongue of a dog . Allusion to the offices of our tongue . Act. 2. 11. Example of the Bears producing her young ones . Allusion to Prelates , Preachers , and fathers of families , shewing what is required in the office of their tongues . A methode or manner of obseruation , in their speaking as occasion serueth . 2. Cor. 14. 18. Similies or comparisōs of what the tōgue ought to be . 5. Our speeche ought to be close couched , like vnto the tongue , with his two guardians . Prouer. 10. 14. 2. Pet. 3. 10. Plinie and Solynus , of the nature of the Crocodile . Allusion of the Example . Prou. 10. 2● . Iames 3. 5. The tongue must be kept in , like fire . Apoc. 9. 18. The tongue imprisoned like a theefe . Psal . 140. 3. The tongue chayned vp like a dog . Psal . 22. 20. Most neede of all for the tongue to be close couched . Many haue these seuerall qualities , but in a contrarye kind . Plato , of the hart of man , for refraining the tongue . The censure that is giuē on indiscreet mē . Cicero his opinion of mēs workes and words . Familiar & sociable conference , best bewrayeth him that is wise indeed . Many teache others , that want wisedom themselues . Why a doctor in the Chaire , and a foole in conference . When men speak with the tongues of their Masters , they are wise , & fools , when they speake with their own Example of a king , and his three Sons , to approoue their wisedom . The first Son would be like the Eagle . The secōd Son would be like the Peacock . The third Son chose to be like the Crane , & his reason . A note for kings . A worthie Sentence . Example of king Pirrhus , answering his Sons . The strength of kings consisteth in their subiects loue . Example of Salomon . Example of Dauid . Psal . 46. 12. The Authors inference vpō the words of Dauid , worthy of all men to be regarded . Of such as speake whatsoeuer comes first to mouth Psal . 40. 9. The defect of the lips do endanger both body & soule . Psal . 140. 8. Why the Latins called the lips Labia . Dauids words further commented on . A warning to the man negligent in his talking . Example of strong Sampson , ouercome by the words of a woman . Dauids exhortation . Psal . 4. 5. Of the chastisemēt of the heart . Psal . 4. 6. S. Augustine . Psal . 50. 18. The sentence on the hart , for causing the tongue to sin , and the soules sacrifice for the heart . A lesson for the flatterer , to refraine his tongue , in sinning against nature . Plinie , concerning the two veynes of the tongue . An excellent Allusion . The flatterer obserueth the humor of him he wold flatter Apte comparisons . Iuuenall his verses of the flatterer . Plato his censure of the flatterer . 1. He names him . 2. He cōpares him . 3. He alludes him . A comparison of the flatterer to the Grashopper , & the Allusion . Psal . 141. 5. Prouer. 27. 6. Psal . 31. 18. Flatterers cōpared to Sāpsons Lyon. Judg. 14. 8. Flatterers cōpared to the whitest Swans Leuit. 11. 18. Allusiō to the former comparison . Comparisō of the Swans death with the flatterer . Deut. 22. 11. Example of the Israelites prohibition , to weare garments of linnē and wollen . The authors application of the prohibitiō , and Allusion to the speeches of the flatterer . Of Hypocrits supposed to be figured in this similitude . Esay . 29. 13. Hipocrites are disgracefully silent . Sap 17. 18. The flatterer cōpared to the voyce of Eccho , with the description of Eccho , and what it is . Allusiō to the flatterer . The flatterers behauiour . Where flatterers are most abyding . Poore places are no habitations for flatterers . Another comparison of Eccho . How the same holds with the flatterer . Flatterers compared to wine . A sentence for great Lords . An excellent example of king Antiochus , & a poor country man , recorded by Plutarch . A good noate for kings . Princes and great men seldome heare the trueth of themselues . The words of S. Gregory . The flatterers tongue compared to the tongue of a Cat. How it holds in the flatteres Eccle. 20. 15. Comparison of a shadowe . The shadow counterfeits al the actions of the body . Allusion to the flatterer . Of the praises of a flatterers tongue . Comparison of Apes , Parrats and Parochitoes voyces . Comparison of water . The flatterers tongue robs a man of the trueth . Comparisō of dumb dogs . Esay . 56. 10. Seneca in Epist . ad liber . Seneca in Epist . 2. Comparison of Cookes . Bion his answere of the most dāgerous beast . The flatterers tongue exceedeth the crueltie of wilde beasts . Comparisō of the flatterer , to a looking Glasse , when a man sees himselfe in it . Psal . 12. 1. 2. The flatterer aptly cōpared to an Hailot in her behauiour Two excellent Similies . Comparisō of our breath , according as the mouth is closed or oepned : so in flatterers as the purse is shut or opened . Psal . 13. 5. The wise mās counsel , not to iudge wine , by the pleasātnes or sweetnesse . Prou. 23. 31. 32. Alexander delighted with his flatterers praises . Acteon deuoured by his owne dogs . Esay . 3. 12. Antisthenes his iudgement of flatterers . Example of one quarrelling with a Philosopher . Comparison of blind men , and the Allusion . Diogenes , Aristippus , Cōstantine Horace . Aeneas Siluius concerning Sigismund the Emperor . Sentence . Comparisō of a mother , and her young Son. Allusion to the flatterers behauiour . The fruits of folly , found afterward . Example of the builders of Babell . Gen. 11. 4. A morall explication of the former Example . Example of Philopoemenes sētence on a Trumpetter . How flatterers do murther men . Ierem. 50. 4. Example of Alexanders readinesse in vnsheathing his sword . Example of the dancing teacher . Example of Ieroboam , & his golden Calues . Example of Aaron . Exod. 32. 4. 5. 6. Aarons view of the peoples vanity . Allusion to the flattering tongue . Ose . 7. 3. The tongue of the flatterer nurseth vp much euil , in the common wealth , and princes houses A second Iudas , killing by kissing . Lying is a greater sin then flattery . Man is an vtter enemy to reprehension . Prouerbe . Man is a great louer of liberty . Comparison of the truth to hony . Allusion . The wounded sinner , how he takes reprehension . Psal . 119. 86. Mens reproouing of Prophets & preachers . Esay . 40. 15. Time seruers and pleasers of mens affections . Ierem. 5. 30. 31. S. Pauls prediction of such louers of flatteries . 2. Tim. 4. 3. 4. 1. Sam. 10. 33. Example of Saules hatred to Ionathan . Example of Balaacs hate to Balaam . Numb . 23. 8. Iudith . 6. 14. Example of Achior , hated by Holofernes Iudges . 9. 21. Example of Ionathas , and of Ieremie . 2. Chron. 16. 10. Example of Iohn Baptist and Daniell . Luke . 3. 19. Dan. 14. 31. Example of the holy Martyres slaine by wicked tyrāts . A notable Example , of venerable Beda of England , whose eyes were pluckt out for speaking the 〈◊〉 . Example of the Son of God himselfe , and how the world vsed him . Iohn . 14. 6. Iohn 18. 37. Iohn . 8. 46. Psal . 119. 86. Psal . 91. 4. Iohn . 14. 3. Iohn . 16. 7. Iohn . 16. 13. Iohn . 8. 36. Iohn . 17. 17. Iohn . 8. 40. How God is sayd to be sory for Lucifer . Iohn 8. 44. How God is sayd to greeue for men . Psal . 5. 9. Psal . 4. 2. God sweares the trueth . Psal . 132. ●1 . How God drawes neere to any man. Psal . 145. 18. How god giues heauen to mē , Psal . 15. 1. 2. 3. Nothing is more acceptable to God , then trueth . Pythagoras , his answere concerning trueth . Aeschines , in an Oratiō against Demosthenes , of the power of trueth . Anacharsis the Philosopher , speaking of trueth . God wil neuer pardon him that belyeth the trueth . Psal . 5. 6. No sin more opposite against God , then lying is . Aristot . in Perier . Plato in Thymeus . Tho. Aquin. in 2. 2. Q. 110. a. 3. Alber , Mag. 2. Sen. D. 35. Cicero , defining lying . S. Ambrose his aduise . S. Chrisostom . Comparison of light and darknesse , and the Allusion . The deuill durst not lye , in his owne shape . 2. Corin. 11. 14. The deuils children imitate their father . 2. Corin. 11. 15. A lye is odious to the lyer him selfe . Chilo Lacede . discoursing on truth . Anselm de Mē . Lib. 2. Christ neuer called any , son of the deuill , but the lyer . Iohn . 8. 44. A note worth the obseruation . Lying polluteth the vnderstanding , & what harmes it doth . A lyer is not beleeued whē he telles the truth . Lying is becōe a merchandise in the worlde . Sentence . Psal . 62. 9. Of swearing , both in the seller and buyer . Psal . 5. 6. S. August . sup . S. Iohn . Iohn . 1. 9. To what a head lying is 〈◊〉 owne in theese dayes , Writings of Notaries necessarie , as necessarie euils . Example of the couenants between Labā and Iacob . Gen. 31. 47. Gen. 23. 15. Example of Abrahās bargaining . The lawe of Circumcision not written . The reason why God gaue his Lawes in writing , but not in paper . The deuill hath deuised many meanes , to abuse the holie writings of the Euangelistes . Herodotus , describing the Aegyptians forme of making their cōtracts . These dayes want such presidents . Ose 4. 1. 2. 3. S. Agust . sup . Psalm . A lyer hath no credit with any man , and cals god to witnesse his lye . Example of a custome obserued in Bohemia . Sapien. 1. 11. Similie . Apoc. 21. 27. A good lesson for Lyers . The priuiledges of the sons of truth . The true man goes with his face vnmasked . The Lyer is shunned of all men . Psal . 117. 2. The Historie of the three young men in the Court of king Darius . Esdras . 3. 4. 5. 6 What thing was the strongest . 1. wine . 2. The king . 3. women : but truth ouercōmeth al things The first man maintaineth the power of wine . The secōd mā , approuing the power of kings defēdeth the same very strongly . The third mā iustifieth , first , the might of women . The third mā defendeth the omnipotent power of truth The whole Senate applaude the power of trueth . 1. Esdras . 4. 41. A lye hath short legges , and haltes euery where . Eccle. 20. 24. Of theeues & lyers , both are theeues . Eccl. 28. 18. 21. A wicked tōgue is worse then the paine of hell . Hell hurteth none but the dāned , but the tongue offendeth God and his Saints . The Deuilles tongue . Apoc. 12. 10. The Deuill being so great an accuser how is he saide to bee dumbe ? Luke 11. 14. Three kindes of speaking , & three kinds of tongues . Psal . 12. 2. 3. 4. 1. The tōgue of the minde . 2. The tōgue of the mouth . 3. The tongue of the deede or worke . Eccle. 28. 16. Of al the three tongues together , in their badnes . All the three tōgues exampled , in the builders of Babel . Gen. 11. 5. 7. 8. Eccle. 28. 16. Example of the Archbishop of Genoa , in a Sermō of his . Three tōgues to be cut out . Esay . 3. 11. 1. For deceiuing . 2. For defaming . Eccle. 28. 24. 3. For molesting . How God is saide to talke with the Angel , the soule and the deuil , in the minde , the first kinde of speaking . The seconde kinde of speaking , with the mouth , as one man to another . The woorde of work , the third kind of speaking ▪ so God speaketh , the deuill and the good Angell , &c. How the Deuill speaketh with the word of woorke , demaunded . An Answere to the demād . Math. 4. 10. Apoc. 12. 9. The Deuill cannot personally offend God or his Angelles . Math ▪ 5. 22. Three seuerall kinds of guiltines . Venerable Beda on the three guilts . How the Angell speaketh with God , like the Scholer to his master . &c. How the holy soule talketh with God , which the Deuill cānot doe . How one Angel conferreth with another , by the word of the minde . Intelligence is in the vnderstāding in three kinds . Act of the wil. Speech of the minde . Howe the Deuill can not be said to be dumbe . Angels may cōferre by the word of work . Example of the Deuls plaguing of Iob. The speech of illuminatiō , only vsed by the superiour Angels , with the inferiour . Insinuatiō for further satisfaction in this point . Offer of further progression . The proceeding accepted kindlie . Exāple of one man oufacing an other with a lye . The first proofe , confirmed by an aūcient father . Christ thrusts the lye into the deuils throate . The second proofe of the truth it selfe . Mat. 22. 16. Luke 20. 21. A lye is quite contrarie to the trueth . Mark. 1. 25. The third proofe , of the wisedōe of the father . 2. Cori. 1. 23. 24. When the eternal wisedōe speaketh , the Deuil must be silent . Sap 7. 30. Luke . 4. 41. Iohn . 8. 44. The fourth proofe , of the woord of the father . The Deuill speakes not at the woords presence . The fift proofe , of the tongue to speake , giuen only to man. Numb . 22. 28. 29. 30. Balaams Asse spake , but vnderstood not what he sayd . The wordes of S. Barnard cōcerning the Deuill . A reuerent father , at his giuing vp the ghos●e . Apoc. 17. 8. The sixte Proof , of Adās transgressing Gods commādement . Gen. 3. 12. 13. The Deuill stood dumbe , without any excuse . The seauenth proofe , of the Deuils making vs all dūbe by his false suggestions . Mat. 12. 22. Example of the blind man in the Gospel . The maner of the Deuils afflictions layd on the blinde , and their seuerall ends . An other reason , why he is called dumbe . Scipio Affricanus . Titus Manlius sirnamed Torquatus . The eight proofe , by cōparison of a Prince , besieging a Citie round about . Example of Holofernes his besieging of Bethulia . Allusion of the Deuils dealing with this blinde man. The ninth proofe by cōparison of a sleeper in a close chāber . Allusiō to the poore man. The tenth proofe by the Deuils hindering vs , from confessing our sinnes to God. Comparisō of a Iaylor , or prisō keeper . An excellent Allusion , well worth the marking . Esay . 52. 2. The eleuenth proofe , by a chaine or snare fastened about the neck , by way of comparisō . Allusiō to the wretched sinner , by the benefit of his speech . The Deuil his dumbe coller . The twelfth proofe , by cōparison of the woolf and the poore beaste . Allusion to the infernall woolfe . Math. 25. 33. Preachers are , or ought to be , the carefull watchmen of our soules . The Deuill moste hinders our calling vpon god . The Deuill hath fiue seuerall teeth to gripe withall . Of the firste tooth , shame . The malitious suggestiōs of the Deuill whē we are in the Church , talking with God. How the Deuils first tooth is to be brokē . Nahum . 3. 5. Exāple of Socrates , seeing a yong man cōming forth of an harlo● house . Allusiō to the sinful soule . The deuils second tooth : Feare of repentance . The deuils hinderance . How the deuils second tooth is to be broken . The deuils third tooth : Hope of long life . The deuils false perswasiō ▪ How the deuils third toothe is to be broken . Similie . Allusion . Eccle. 9. 12. Comparisō of the birds feeding , with the Allusion . The Deuils fourth tooth : Carelesnes of riotous sinnes . The Deuills insinuation . How the Deuils fourth tooth is to be puld out . Comparisō of a wounded Souldiour . Allusiō to the sinfull man. The Deuils fift ●ooth : presuming too much vpon Gods mercie . The sinners alleadging of Exāples in his owne presūption . How the Deuilles first tooth is to be broken . Comparisō of the man falne into a bogge or quagmire . Allusiō to the sinner , that refuseth peace in due time offered . Of Mercie . Psal . 69. 2. An excellent comparison . Similie of Time or occasion . Prouerb . Psal . 120. 2. The thirteenth proofe , by a Virgin defloured in the Cittie . Deut. 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. Of the virgin defloured in the fielde . Allusion of the cōparison . Amos. 5. 2. The foureteenth proofe , of eloquent worldly speakers and drowsie sluggards when they should talke with God. Of women quick enough of tongue , for any thing cōcerning pride . The fifteenth proofe , of an inward feste●ing wound . Allusion to the cōparison ▪ Similie . Eccle. 30. 25. Prouer. 16. 24. Of the Pharisaicall sinfull soule . Comparison of Phlebotomy or bloud letting . Allusiō to the comparison . Of vayne and idle iustifying of our selues , vrged onely by the deuill . Psal . 32. 3. Allusion to the prophets woordes . A Question of Dauids speech , crying , and silence . The answer to the former question , of such as are silent , & yet do cry too . Luk. 18. 11. 12. Boasting of good deeds , but keeping sinne in silēce . Of the consumption gottē in the bones ▪ Simily . Psal . 35. 10. The Prophet Dauid his meaning . Sentence , and the same alluded . 1. Iohn . 3. 8. The sixteenth proofe , by Christ his cōming into the world . Iohn . 1. 29. The taking away of sinners in their seueral offences , appertaineth to Iustice . The diuels intent . Christ compared to a painter . A most excellent Allusion . The malice of the diuell , to Gods faire 〈◊〉 . The courage of the penitēt soule . The sinnes , not sinners . How to spight the deuil most . S. Augustine . Ose . 13. 1. The seauenteenth proofe : by interpretatiō of Ephraim and Israel . The deuils greatest feare and di●may . The eighteenth proofe , the Prophet Ezechiels words expounded . Ezech. 24. 18. The Authors application of this place of Scripture . The nineteenth proofe by comparisō of the keepe●s of a Citie . Allusiō to the former cōparison . Esay . 62. 6. Eccl. 21. 4. Two seuerall wayes whereby the Launce of our sinne is made sharpe . Ierem. 4. 19. The dreadfull sh●king of our mortall building . Ierem. 4. 20. What they doe , that are mindful of the day of the lord ▪ Esay . 62 , 7. The prophets woords applied . The twentieth proofe : How God speakes by vs , and not we our selues . Luke . 11. 14. How the dumbe man spake , and not the Deuill . Sentence . Luke . 4. 41. Eccle. 15. 9. The 21. proofe agreeing with the wordes of Esay . Esay . 47. 5. Chaldea signifieth a harlot , with the allusion therof . Ose . 2. 20. Ierem. 3. 1. The three duties of euerie penitēt soule . 1. To sit down . Ierem 3. ● . Nothing makes vs to minde heauen more thē ou● retyremēt frō the worlde . 2. To be silent . Sentence . Ezech. 21. 6. Plinie and Isodorus , of a people in India . The Example alluded to a penitent sinner . 3. To enter into darkenesse . Example of holie mens liues in forme● times : and how we may behaue our selues now . The benefits ensuing by sitting alone by our selues . Example of Iacob . Gen. 37. Example of Daniell . Dan. 10. 15. The happines of silence . God his permissiō of the Deuill , to binde vp the tongue . Many speake , but fewe speake well . The venemous tongue cōpared to the Serpents . Allusiō of the comparison . Psal . 140. 3. A comparison of the Scarabe Flye , that breedes in foule dung or putrified carion . Allusiō of the detractour & murmurer , to that foule Flye . The Pharises that murmured against Christ . Luk. 15. 2. Comparisons how the Pharises murmu●ed . Sentence . Example of Solomon . Prouerb . 14. 19. Prouerb . 21. 4. A question demanded , how it can be sayd , that whatsoeuer the wicked mā sees , is sin . Answere is made by Aristotles learned sentence . Example of our vnderstādings perfection . Cōparison of a Garden of Orenge trees . Comparisō by the art of engrafting or planting . How the wise mans proposition is to be vnderstood . The heretiques abusing of the sacred Scriptures , & the godly mās good vse of thē ▪ Comparisō of the vine and the Hemlock : the Bee and the Spider , & their allusion . Example of Plistoanax sonne to Pausanias . A Simile worth the obseruation . Allusiō to the murmurer & detractour . Comparisō of the Rauen , alluded to the detractour . Comparisō of a Butchers dogge , with the allusion . Cōparison of dogs that bark at the moone , & the allusion therof . Example of Apelles drawing the picture of king Antigonus . The painters witty answer aptly applyed . Prouerb . 17. 11. The cruell messenger sent by god against the murmurer ▪ Example of Zoilus . Zoilus tearmed the Father of detractours . Socrates his answere , of one that spake euil of him . Seneca writing on the same occasiō . When men of good conuersation doo speake hardly of a man , it is more to be weighed then cōming from bad mens mouthes . Prouerb . 14. 2. Comparisō to very good purpose , in seueral kindes : but iumping al in one period . An excellent Similie , and wel alluded . It is a shame to be praised of an euill tongue . Luke . 4. 35. Eccl. 15. 9. Seneca , concerning the praises of wicked men . Antisthenes his greef for a bad mans commendation . Example of another Philosopher . Seneca his sentence of euill men . Cicero to the same purpose . S. Peter to the like effect . 1. Pet. 3. 13. 14. Dauid his rule for our obseruation . Psal . 60. 5. Murmurers are compared to diuels in their temptations . Diogenes his allowance of enemyes , as wel as friends , for the trial of good life . Prouerb . 24. 9. The reason wherefore Salomon cals the detractor abhomination it selfe . Prou. 24. 21. 22. Comparisō of the Sithe of an vnskilfull mower : and the Authors allusion to Salomons wordes . Psal . 73. 9. Example out of S. Gregorie in the fourth booke of his Dialogues . Example of a religious man : in lib. Exemp . dist . 9. Ex. 57. A fearfull exāple of Gods iustice , to bee well regarded of all detractours . What cōpanie we ought to make election of . Similies , and their allusiōs to vertuous men . Seuerall Exāples wel worth the respecting . In seeking other mens health , we may foolishlie loose our owne . Example of Myriam the Sister of Moyses , smitten with a leaprosie . Numb 12. 14. Detraction & murmuring most infectious . Exod. 15. 2. Moses a prince , and Aaron the high priest , both beloued of God. Of few wordes do often arise infinite discords . Eccl. 11. 32. Similie , & the allusion . A comparison of difference in doing or committing a harme , according to the malicious intent . The comparison very singularly alluded to the murmurer and detractor . A bad tongue doth somtimes good against his owne will. Comparisō of the awe the Schoolmistres keepes her Schollers in , while she abideth in the schoole . Allusion to the former comparison in a very materiall case . Comparisō of a Riuers ouerflowing his bāks or boūds . The cōparison in very apt manner alluded to the incōsiderate mā . Detraction is the cause of forgetfulnesse , and makes a man a theefe to himselfe . Comparisō of a mans voluntary yeelding to his owne robbing , & in what nature the same is alluded to al the faculties in the detractors body . What time the diuel choseth for his entrance into man , and how he makes man a theefe to himselfe . If there wanted a listner , there would be no teltale . Two apt comparisons . Of the foure mysterious beastes in Ezechiell . Ezech. 1. 9. Sentence . Some kinde of men that goe backwarde . Prouer. 10. 23. The Authors interpretatiō of the Prophets words , and his application of them . Psal . 50. ●1 . The authors conceite of gods speaking to the wicked sinner . Psal . 31. 19. The lyer and detractor shall be cast into hell . Psal . 31. 20. Dauids deuout prayer to God. Psal . 119. 134. Detractours are worse thē Tirants in oppressiō of their people , approued by comparisons . To say and vnsay , all is one with the slaunderer . Example of Haman . Hest . 7. 7. Example of Laban . Gen. 31. 33. Example of Ioseph . Gen. 43. 32. Example of Hely . 1. Sam. 1. 13. Example of the Disciples . Act. 9. 26. Example of Ieremy . Ierem. 37. 13. Example of the Iewes . Act. 2. 13. We ought not to be ouer-hasty in speaking & iudging . God came downe to see the Sodomits in their sinning against him . Gen. 18. 20. 21. The readines of some in ouer rash censuring and iudging others . Of such as tie their tōgues to their eares . Psal . 73. 9. The Authors exposition of Dauids sentence . Sentence . Of stāmerers and corrupt speakers signied by the prophet . Esay . 32. 4. Example of certain bulles in India , according to Plinie : alluded Comparisō of a brokē glasse : alluded . Eccle. 16. 9. A good lesson for mē to obserue , in hearing or reporting speeches of their neighbours . Detractiō offends as wel amans owne selfe , as others . Among bad men , none is more to be shunned then slaunderers . Slaunderers are giuen to the world as a plague . A great mystery in Gods sending of Frogges to the Aegyptians : compared with the offensiue qualities of other creatures . Exod. 8. 2. 3. 4. Dauids acknoledgement of this prodigie . Psal . 105. 30. A custome obserued among noblemen , being iniuried by a base person : seruing as a comparison to this purpose . The same is exampled among brute beasts . Petrarchs report of a dogge that scorned to fight with a Lyon. God offended with Pharao for withholding his people . How odious this plague of Frogges was to the Aegyptians . The Plague of detractours & backbiters worse then that of Frogges . Comparisōs of the wicked tongue with the Frogges qualities and how they agree in their seuerall natures : God only is to deliuer the world of the wicked tōgue . Prouer. 16. 1. Example of the prophet Esay , how his mouth was purified . Esay . 6 , 6. 7. Concerning those Angells sent by God to the worlde & how he sends them . The cure or recouery of the wicked tongue , belongeth only to God himselfe . Luk. 11. 14. Mat. 12. 22. Seuerall examples performed by our Sauiour himselfe . Mat. 9. 32. 33. Marke . 7. 35. Concerning the dumbe man , whereof the seueral Euangelists doe make differēt mention . A noate worth the obseruation . Psal . 13. 18. 19. 1. Cor. 6. 10. what differēce is betweene raylers and theeues , by cōparison of either . The diuersitie of punishmēt on raylors & theeues . Of the rauenous foules forbidden in sacrifice . Deut. 11. 13. 14. 15. 2. Cor. 10. 11. Det●actours called theeues in sacred scripture , according to the Septuagint . Ezech. 22. 9. One thing to be cōsidered in the standerer . Example of rauenous birds , that haue no feathers to fly with all , and others of high flight , with their allusion . Cōparison of the belyed Susanna . Math. 5. 11. Esay . 51. 7. 8. The Prophets exhortation , against the feare of mens reuilings . S. Ierom praised God for suffering him to be slaundered . Slaunder oftē times brings truth it selfe to light . Psalm . 57. 5. S. Ierome his comparison of an arrowe shot against a stone , alluded to the arrowe of detraction . Eccle. 27. 25. 26. 27. 29. Let slaunderers make vse of this heauy threatning . Example of Camelles , according to Plinie , Hist . Nat. Lib. 8. Cap. 18. The Example very excellently alluded to deuilish tongues . A very apt & witty Similie . Example of Lackeys or Seruingmēs abusing the walles in Courte . Allusion to those of wicked tongue against good mens fame & repute . Psal . 13. 5. Of double mē , speaking one thing , and thinking another . Eccl. 5. 11. A●●istotle his comparisō of the vaine florish of Life . Sentences to good purpose Marke . 5. 41. Of Christs raysing the Rulers daughter , and what the Author gathers therby . No easie matter to know an hypocrite , the knowledge of the heart belonging onely to God. Sentence . How farre our outward iudgement reacheth it selfe . The hypocrite hateful to God , to men , and to the deuils thēselues . Aristotle his opinion of our lifes instability . The hipocrits holy life is to get his owne intent . Example of the Tribune to king Antiochus . 2. Sam. 3. 27. Ioabs killing of Abner and Amasa . 2. Sa. 20. 9. 10. The doublenesse of tōgue is the effect of anger . The property of anger . Of such as may iustly be tearmed hypocrites . Mat. 15. 7. 8. The nature & behauiour of hypocrites , to be Saints in the eyes of mē ▪ Mat 6. 2. Who is rightly sayd to be an hypocrite , according to Budeus . Demosthenes his answer cōcerning the first & cheefe part of an ch Some can dissemble more cunningly thē others . Math. 7. 16. An hypocrite by one meanes or another will be discouered . Hypocrisie deriued from the course of the world now adayes , pointing out such as are hypocrites . Psal . 78. 36. How Comedians and Stage players ar sayd to be hypocrites acording to S. Basill . The comparison alluded to the hypocrite wel worth noating . The tongue cōpared to the Greyhounds or best hūting hounds . Psal . 68. 25. Hypocrites , in heauen & on earth at one instant . Iob. 20. 5. Psal . 73. 9. How the tongue is said to be in heauen . How the tongue is said to be vppon earth . How in bothe places at one instant . Comparisō of exhaled vapours , shining like stars , & aptly alluded to dissēbling hypocrites . Esay . 14. 12. Prouerb . 17. 21. How falling into euill , is said to be falling into hell , or hell fire . The priuation of the cheefest good , euē God himselfe . Ose . 7. 16. Psal . 57. 6. Cōparison of a man hurting himselfe by his owne weapon : alluded . The hypocrite very aptly cōpared to the glow-worme , or glaze-worme , that shines brightly in the night season , and is not seen in the day unto . Math. 6. 2. The reward which hypocrites do most gape after . The deuout soule the spouse of Christ . Cant. 2. 6. Of the right hand of God , and why so called . Psal . 110. 2. Of the left hand of God , and where the holy spouse placeth it . Psal . 73. 24. Psal . 3. 3. The hipocrite seekes after the left hand of worldly vanity , making no account at al of the right hand . The hypocrite cōpared to Nabuchadnezars Image in his dreame . For the head , & how the cōparison holds in the hypocrite , in euery part according to the Image . The breast & armes . The belly and thighes . The legs . Psal . 2. 9. The feete . Psal . 115. 2. The stone , Christ the corner stone . Dan. 2. 35. Math. 6. 16. Of the face of an hypocrite . Of the face of a true christiā . Math. 6. 17. The seuerall faces of the hypocrite . Acts. 6. 15. The hipocrite is the Ape of many persons , directing his actions to many ends . The significatiō of the word Exterminare . How hipocrits are sayd to go beyond theyr bounds . Math. 6. 2. Iob. 8. 13. Hypocrites hateful to god and men . The differēce between men & brute beasts in their actiōs . Petrus Chrisologus concerning the hopocrites actions . Hypocrisie compared to the Feuer and Dropsie . Grego . in Moral . Cap 8. Thom. Aquin. in Sum. Lib. 1. Cap. 9. How true cōmēdation is to be sought . 2. Cor. 4. 5. The tongues of men ▪ are like Chests without lock or key . Hug. Car. Hypocrisie cōpared to the weeuel , that eats the flowr in the corne , and leaues the husks . Iohn Climack . Math. 6. 2. Hypocrites compared to merchants . An especiall note for such preachers as are time obseruers , & the pleasers of mēs priuate humours . Men pleasing preachers cōpared to the brood Hen. Example of Alexander & Caesar . Example of Moyses , losuah & Gedeon . Why God gaue vs one tongue & two hands . Cōparison of the Nurse feeding her child : alluded to the hypocrite . Rom. 2. 21. Ezech. 34. 18. 19 Example of the ornamēts appointed for the priesthood Hypocrites compared to Tantalus . Gen. 27. 22. Luk. 1. 33. Comparisō of theeues , that shoo their horses backward , to preuent pursuit , alluded to hypocrites . Eccle. 5. 11. A double tongue , one of the mouth , an other of the deede . Comparisō of diuets fruits growing vpon one stock . The allusiō to hypocrites , in the fruites of their workes . Mat. 23. 3. Of mercenaries & hirelings , that seek their owne benefit in the church of god . Coloss . 3. 1. Math. 23. 3. 4. Iohn . 10. 5. 8. How the sheep do heare mercenary hypocrites , according to Saint Augustine . Two voyces in hypocrites . Iohn . 10. 5. 8. Math. 23. 3. When men speak of them selues , they are not heard . Math. 7. 16. In what māner grapes may be vpō thorns , and yet be differēt in root . In what kinde an hipocriticall hireling is to be heard . How the works of hypocrites may appeare to be good , and yet want the true intent . An example most excellent of the ten virgins . Mat. 25. 1. 2. 3. &c. Of such as are not spoken of , to be present at this wedding . Another exāple of speciall consequence , & meete to be regarded . No wonder if the wicked & reprobate doe perish , but a great maruaile , that among ten , fiue are chosen , & fiue refused . The variable intēt of mē in their workes . Of the testimonies of a good consiēce 2. Cor. 1. 12. Holy words in the mouth , & good deedes in the hands is not sufficient . A good father of the church , his good admonition . The Authors conceipt of the fiue foolish virgins . Iob. 39. 16. Comparisō of the Peacocke and Ostriche alluded to the hypocrite . Example of Gedeons Souldiers warring against the Moabites . Iudges . 7. 20. How we ought to apply the former Exāple , and make vse thereof in our selues . Psal . 115. 2. Our duety in labouring for the glorie celestiall . In what mānner we ought to flye from hell . Anselm . in lib. de Beat. Chap. 190. Dionis . lib. 14. de diuin . nom . Cōparison of a good knight , and how he is best knowne . Math. 23. 5. The saying of S. Ambrose . Comparisō of a vaine womā , that tricks vp her selfe to please others , beside her husband . The comparison applyed to the soule of man. Math. 23. 5. Example of the Israelits in rebuilding the Temple of Ierusalem , and fearing the Samaritās Nehem. 4. 17. 18. A duety required in vs in the like case , but especially in Preachers . Cōparison of a poore man , coueting to haue a wealthy wife . Truth wil discouer it selfe in the end . The comparisō holds truly in the worlds hypocrits . Psal . 31. 22. Hypocrits cōpared to builders , in making a rude foundation , and a curious top-piece . The iust and faithfull man , quite cōtrary to the hypocrite . 2. Cori. 3. 11. How God began his building in creation of the world . Gen. 1. 8. How god framed his building of the little World , Man. How God builded the palace of the militant Church . 1. Cori. 3. 11. The hypocrits building soon falles to the ground . The hypocrite compared to the Pyrate , or Rouer on the Sea. Comparisō of a painters curious making of a Crucifixe . The painters example verified in the hipocrite . Exāple of the Sichemites . Gen. 34. 22. 23 The reward of the Sichemits for their hypocrisie . Hypocrits presume into the presence of princes , to gaine promotion . Hypocrites compared to the Hauke . Ambitious hipocrits better to be endured thē the other , resembling scar-crowes . A worse hypocrite then the former . Example of the Phariseys . Iohn . 9. 23. Example of king Ahaz . Esay . 7. 11. 12. Deut. 6. 16. Ahaz refused the miracle , because he would not honor God. Example of Iaacob , when his sonnes presented him the garment of Ioseph . Gen. 37. 33. What the Church may say to this hypocritical son . The inward part of an hypocrite . Wherein the glory of the soule cōsisteth Psal . 45. 13. Example of Nature in her work of man. S. Grego . de Heret . Example of Potifars wife with Ioseph . Gen. 39 12. The exāple alluded to hipocrites . Example of Adam after he had sinned Gen. 3. 7. 9. 10. The fig leaues of holy words is not sufficient for Hipocrites . N●hum . 3. 5 ▪ The Dolphin guides other Fishes into the net and keepes him selfe our . Psal . 50. 16. 17. An excellent interpretatiō made by the Author , vpon the Prophet Dauids words It were good that all hypocrits should remember this . An excellent comparison . The hipocrite compared to the Phisition . Mich. 6. 15. The Prophets words very aptly verified in dissembling hypocrites . what it is to be empty of heauenly loue . Psal . 36. 8. Agge . 1. 5. 6. The Authors explication of these seuerall scriptures , according as he appropriates the sense vnto hypocrits . To such as couet to hold grace with the people . Example of Ezekiels visiō on the wall . Ezek. 8. 8. 9. 10 The Prophets speeches holding comparison with hypocrits . Hypocrisie , a sin against nature , & what prouision she makes for euery valuable thing . Bankerupt Merchants in their behauiour , hypocrits compared to them . The hipocrite compared to a Ship riding vnder full spread sailes , but empty of any merchandize . Hypocrites are like to vncharged Cannons . Thom. Aquin. 2. 2. q. 10. Art. 3. Blasphemie may be committed without iniurie to faith . Of rash Blasphemous speches , the hart not cōsenting therto . Three wayes whereby to fal from Gods goodnesse . 1. By the vnderstanding . 2. By the wils detestation . 3. In vttering of blasphemies contrary to beleefe . How blasphemy coupleth it selfe with infidelity , in our speaking against the cōfession of our faith . How blasphemy may be in the will , & in the desire . Two kinds of blasphemy . 1. Of vnbeleeuers blasphemy . 2. Of a Christiās blasphemy . S. August . in Li. de Menda . Chap. 19. 2. Pet. 2. 20. 21. 22. Blasphemie goes beyond the sin of the Paganes , because what they say they beleue to be true . How abhominable blasphemie is to a true Christiā . Of gods name or his Saints in swearing . His position to be further resolued . The Answere well worth the obseruation . Example of one mans despising an others repute . The sinne of blasphemie worse thē the sinne of murder . S. August . in Enchirid , Chap. 12. Blasphemie & homicide seuerally to be considered . The effect of eithers hurt in power . The greatnes of the fault is measured by the intent of the wil. Blasphemie is aboue heresie . Blasphemie exceedeth the sinne of the Iewes in crucifying Christ . S. August . in Mat. Cap. 12. 2. Corin. 2. 8. Act. 3 ▪ 17. Similie . The Iewes , & the Christians offences seuerall . The Iewes crucified christ once only , the Christian by blasphemie , infinite times . Blasphemy goeth beyond Idolatrie . There is no one thing to mooue a man to blaspheme God ; but many to incite him to thankfulnes . Euery other sinne hath some excuse , but blasphemy hath none at al Euery sinner can pretend some motiue to his sinne , but the blasphemer none . Men are natuturally inclined to praise & honor God. Example of luxurie in an old man more offensiue thē in a yong . Cicero lib. 1. de officiis , Sentence . Apoc. 16. 10. The punishment of blasphemy beginneth often in this life . Example of a yong child in Rome . Example of gāsters at play in Mantua . Example of a Souldier in Rhemes . Example of an other in the same parts . Example of one in Florence . Example of a Mariner of Siracusa . Infinite other Examples to this purpose might be alleadged . Blasphemie outstretcheth time , and continueth for euer . Cōparison of Charity , as the cheefest vertue of all , and Blasphemie the very worst of all sinnes whatsoeuer . Apoc. 16. 11. Thom. Aquin , In. sum . 2 , 2. Q. 13. Art. 4. Sins extēt ensueth by his long lasting . Charity is eternally ioyned with god . 2. Cor. 13. 13. A man may be known by his speeche , according to Socrates . Math. 26. 73. A blasphemer is easily discerned by his speaking , iesting & swearing , to be of the prouince of hell . Iohn . 14. 30. The quality of the soule is best known by our speech . Psal . 19. 55. Three seueral kingdomes made by God , eache hauing his seuerall language . 1. The lāguage celestial . Apoc. 4. 8. The language terrestriall . Iohn . 3. 31. The language infernall . Esay . 8. 21. Euil speakers are of the infernal kingdome . The tongue was made to praise God withall . The Scripture vseth the word blessing , in steed of blaspheming . 1. King. 21. 10. Example of the witnesses against Naboth Example of the diuelles words to God against Iob. Iob. 2. 11. Example of Iobs w●fes words to him . Iob. 2. 9. The vngodly tongue of mā makes no regard of blasphemy . Blasphemy is the sin of ingratitude . Psal . 119. 91. Eccle. 51. 22. The blasphemer is worse then brutish beasts . Psal . 150. 6. Dan. 3. 60. All creatures ( in their kind ) doo praise the Lord , and mā onlie blasphemeth him . Esay . 52. 5. Psal . 33. 1. Sundrie exāples of praises giuen to God , By Dauid in himselfe . Toby . 4 19. Olde Tobies lesson to his sonne . Dauids charge to his sons & seruants . Psalm . 113. Example of too many now in these dayes A memorable Example of Lewis king of France , how he vsed two blasphemers . Example of Gods law against blasphemers . Leuit. 24. 14. 16 Example of blasphemous Senacherib , & his Army . Ex de mal . c. statuimus . Example of the law Ecclesiasticall . Example of the Emperor Iustinians lawe . Example of the law amōg the Paganes . Dan. 3. 96. Example of Mahomet the seductor . What he seeks that by blasphemy opposeth himselfe against God. Blasphemy leads to the denying of the Godhead . Bernard in Cant. Septuages . Serm. secundo . A benefit is neuer truely knowen , but by the losse of it . The health of the soule , is better then that of the body . we are neerest to death , whē we thinke him furthest off . The lacke of speech begets the quiet of the minde . The yong Amalekites belying of him selfe for the death of king Saul . 2. Sam. 1. What labour is required in the well and orderly deliuery of our speech . Of Cicero & Demosthenes whose tōgues were their death . What benefits ensue on the lack of speech It is great riches to bee poore in euil . How to finde by loosing , & loose by finding . Esay . 31. 9. Sentence . The hart only is pleasing to god , the tōgue winnes but praises of mē . The wicked haue the lips of the heart . Psal . 12. 2. The iust haue the mouth & tongue of the hart . Psal . 139. 15. God listens more to the tongue of the heart , thē that of the voice . Example of Moises crying to God in silence . Exod. 14. 15. Lack of speech giues freedom to our thoughts . Psalm . 141. 3. Psal . 39. 2. 2. Prouer. 4. 23. The tongue hath hurt many , and holpē but fewe . The custodie of the tongue very difficult . An excellent example , of a man that desired to studie the Scriptures . It is superfluous , to heare much , and practise little . The reason why a man hath two lips to his mouth . The vse of celestiall & terrestrial things Psal . 45. 2. Example of Zacharias . Luk. 1. 20. Example of the talking deuils . Luke . 4. 41. Example of the thanklesse sinners . Esay . 23. 2. Iust men cōpared to goodly hounds . Example of the proposition table . Exod. 25. 24. 25. The iust man compared to to the table . Apoc. 3. 20. The lips of the iust man. Eccl. 45. 12. Psal . 8. 5. The wicked contrary to the iust man. Iohn . 3. 31. Wicked men compared to swine , in all their behauiour . Isidorus in Etim . Lib. 11. Plinie . in Hist . Nat. Lib. 14. How the wicked doo wander through the Aethiopia of this world . Psal . 115. 5. 6. 7 The lower lip of the wicked couers al their face . Of the lips of the wicked . Psal . 59. 7. Prouerb . 12. 23. Mark. 7. 6. Psa●m . 140. 3. Prouer. 18. 6. Prouer. 15. 7. Pro. 16. 8. The whole power of the wicked is in their lippes . Fooles by silence do seem to be wise . Prouer. 17. 28. Silence is no meane grace in a wise man. Prouer. 17. 27. Two benefits ensuing to the wicked by wāt of speech . Silence is the gift of God , as well as speaking well . Eccl. 20. 6. 7. Aristotle his opinion of the deafe and dumbe by birth . Of the quicknesse and agility of the tongue , & how by naturall meanes it is caused , or hindered in the melācholic bodie . Of bodies that are phlegmaticke . Of such as are vnapt to be good Oratours . Of such as knowe not how to speake lowlie , according to Aristotle . A very apt comparison . The reason of stammering and vnready speaking . How heate helpeth the part imaginatiue , and the tongue . The Authors conceipt of Moises excuse to God , concerning his imperfection of speech . Exod. 4. 10. Moyses perceiued his imperfection , after his speech with God. The like exāple of the prophet Ieremie . Ierem. 1. 5. 6. Exāple of the prophet Daniel● standing by the riuer Tigris . Dan. 10 15. 16. 17. Naturall strength and speeche fayled Daniell , in his talking with God. The three exaxamples cō . ferred together . The maiestie and excellēcie of the presēce of God. Apoc. 7. 11. 12. A noate of no meane importaunce . Apoc. 4. 8. Apoc. 8. 1. Psal . 65. 1. The differēce in the two translations . The interpretation of the word Hymne . How the word Hymne and and silence agree together . The question , how silence speaketh more , then praise doth . Feare ensueth of ouer-much boldnesse . The answer , how silence is begotten of the Hymne : wheron he alleadgeth his first proofe . His second proofe , how silence praiseth more then the Hymne cā do . His answere concerning Moyses , Ieremie and Daniell . Apoc. 8. 2. The greatnes of the person may daunte the best Oratour in his speaking . Example of the Queene of Saba , comming to king Salomon : his third proofe . 2. King. 10. 5. The example vrged on gods behalfe , and speaking in his presence . His fourth proofe , by Dauid . Psal . 75. 10. The māner of the iust mans praising of God. How the blessed sing the praises of god . Apoc. 4. 8. S. Augustines answer to this point . Apoc. 14. 3. Comparisō of a Gardiner & his seruants . The same reason alleaged for Moyses , Ieremy and Daniel . Prouerb . 25. 28 Example of S. Pauls rapture . 2. Cor. 12. 4. Another answer , by our owne cōming to the knowledge of god . Moyses excusing of himselfe to God. Exod. 4. 10. The loue of heauen killeth the loue of the world . The more we talke of God , the more we knowe our owne infirmities . Dan. 10. 17. Gen. 18. 27. Men are masters of speech , but God only is master of silence . The differēce between our speaking to God , and to men . How the Apostles learned their speaking . No Oratour coulde equal any of the Apostles . The Apostles learned silēce before speaking . The seuerall comparisous produced together , for approbation of the Apostles speaking . What they learne , that talke with God. All that confer with God , learne silence . Math. 10. 20. What the Apostles did after Christes ascension vp into heauen . A dutie required on our behalfe . Acts. 2. 3. 4. Prayer the best way to begin withall . Acts. 1. 14. The Fathers and Doctours of the church vsed prayer . Dauids prayer for the opening of his mouth . Psalm . 51. 15. The hand of God must opē Dauids mouth . Psal . 119. 131. The mouth cōpared to a gate . Psalm . 141. 3. Eccle. 28. 25. The hart is a mans Exchequer or treasurie . Prouerb . 4. 23. The Lord only hath the key of the mouth . Prouerb . 16. 2. Psal . 81. 10. Of the mouth wherof the Lord keepeth not the keye . Psal . 5. 9. Of the blessed Apostles , and holy Martyres . Luk. 21. 14. 15. The Authors insinuation . God hath the keye of the iust mans mouth . Apoc. 3. 7. Why Dauid desired the lord to open his mouth . Psal . 51. 15. Seueral expoūdings of the key of Dauid . The expositiō of Aimonius . The expositiō of Helimanus . Others , alluding it to the pastoral office Others , to the power of binding and loosing . Others , to Christ himself Math. 28. 18. Esay . 22. 22. His question for further satisfaction in this point . The burthen imposed on the Cleargy , & the seueral duties required in him toward his flock . Comparisō of a mother trauayling with childe . The painfull burdē of binding and loosing . The fulnes of grace in Iesus Christe , and how the keye is applied to him . Christe according to his humanitie , descēded of Dauid . The Crosse of Christ the hādle or holde of this keye . Iohn . 3. 14. 15. Til Christ suffered on the Crosse , heauē was continually lockt vp before . The signe of heauens presēt opening . Luk. 23 43. Before christs death many sought to enter paradise , but could not . Esay . 64. 2. Esay . 16. 1. Gods sending of the key . Esay . 22. 22. An excellent comparisō for proofe of the key . How Christ is called the key of Dauid . Rom. 1. 3. Comparisō of a key that locks the door of an house . Psalm . 132. 11. 1. The gate of heauen . Iohn . 3. 13. 2. The gate of terrestriall Paradise . Gen. 3. 24. 2. Cor. 10. 11. 3. The gate of heauenly mysteries . Acts. 8. 31. 4. The gate of holy scripture 5. The gate of gods maruels . Psal . 28. 5. 6. The gate of the Prophets mouths . Ierem. 1. 6. Psal . 51. 15. Luke . 1. 20. 7. The gate of the Tabernacle . Exod. 40. 2. How all these gates opened at the cōming of Christ . 1. The temple . Math. 27. 51. 2. The Prophets mouths . Luke . 1. 64. 3. The scriptures . Luke . 24. 45. 4. Christs side . Iohn . 19. 34. 5. The Graues . Math. 27. 52. 6. Their eyes . Luk. 24. 31. 7. Heauen opened . 8. Of men and women the mouthes opened . 9. The virgin Mary . Luke . 1. 40. Luke . 2. 15. 10. The sheepheards . 11. The wise men . Mat. 2. 2. 12. The Apostles . Acts. 2. 4. The general benefit receiued by this key . The greatnes of this key . Psal . 129. 3. Concerning the cariage of this key by mē now a dayes . Of pocketprofessors , fearefull cowards . Luke . 21. 14. Psal . 38. 13. Psal . 51. 15. Psal . 81. 10. Psal . 119. 131. Dauids reioycing for this key . Psalm 40. 3. Concerning words put into the mouth . Cōparison of a Master speaking to his Schollers , very aptly alluded . Psal . 144. 7. Luke . 21. 14. 15 Caietanus his interpretatiō of Dilata os tuum . Psal . 51. 1. The implication of Dauids words by the Author , concerning what our requestes ought be to God. The same f●ormand order to be obserued by vs in our petitions . Example of Perillus request made to Alexander . The example alluded . An excellent collect or praier obserued by the Church for our instructiō . Cleansing of our harts , purifying of our minds , & sanctifying of our words . Psal . 51. 16. Without gods assistance , all our prayers are friuolous . Comparisō of the sounding Organe , and application thereof . Cant. 2. 14. Of the iust man. Eccle. 15. 5. 6. He must desire , that would obtain . Sentence . The duety of giuers and receiuers , in giuing and receiuing . How christ opened his mouth . Mat. 5. 2. Acts. 10 34. 2. Cor. 6. 11. Act. 8. 35. A●t . 2. 4. Christ opened his mouth to teach , & the Apostles to learne . Math. 5. 2. Act. 2 , 4. Iohn . 20. 22. Example of fish shelles found on the Sea shoares , & applyed to the iust man. He whom god filles with his spirit , must first be emptied of his own . Psal . 104. 29 , 30. The Authors applying of the words . Ephe. 4. 24. Of the iust man , he being filled with the holy spirit . Psal . 45. 2. A glasse ful of water compared to the iust man , in doing good to others . Arist . in Prob. 27. part . 5. Of the nature of the winde . Of the holy ghost . Act. 2. 2. Cant. 4. 16. Luk. 1. 35. How the word shadowing is expounded by the Doctours . An excellent saying of S. Iohn Chrysostome . Esay . 60. 8. Mantuan . The Apostle Peters first Sermon . Act. 2. 41. Wisedome is required in an Orator , according to Tully . Iobs discourse concerning wisedome . Iob. 28. 28. Psal . 111. 10 The Peripatecians deAristo . in lib. Eth. 6. Cap. 6. & Metap . lib. 1. Cap. 5. The Stoickes definition of wisedome . Seneca de tranqu . anim . The diuines , concerning wisedome . The innocent man neerest to God. Of him that partaketh not with the spirit of wisedome . Psal . 9. 7. 8. Prouer. 30. 14. The wicked tongue compared to a sword . Psal . 57. 4. The Authors application , by the interpretation of Caietanus . How the wicked tongue cōmits deadly sinne , in seuerall manner , wel worth the consideration The common behauiour of too many now adaies . The trickes of knauish Critticks , on Stages , or else where . Hypocriticall seekers of conformity . Trencher flyes , & parasiticall table talkers . Not so many letters in the Alphabet , as abuses in the tongue . A very good aduise . S. Ieromes counsell , for ordering of our words . How great our imbecility and weaknes is , without gods assistāce . We are not able to thinke one good thought . 2. Cor. 3. 5. God first speaking to our harts , our speaking will be the better . Math. 10. 20. Ose . 2. 14. The application of the Prophets words by the Author , to exceeding good purpose . The holy Angels inspiring our soules . Esay . 60. 14. Cōparison of the preachers words to his auditory . Gods great fauour in speaking to the heart . Our duety of assisting one an other by the tongues office . Iere. 15. 1● . The Authours application of Ieremies words . Of the help of our neighbor , & the reasons binding vs therto . Example of two trauailers together on the way . The example alluded to our neighbour . Many vertuous actions may be done by the tongue The helpe the insensible creatures doe yeeld to one another . The giftes of god bestowed on man. We ought to call for others ayde , if our own be not sufficient for our neighbor . Man erreth beyond all other comparison . Sentence . Other creatures are not composed as man is . Example of heauy and light things . Aristotle concerning brute beastes . The wil is the handmaid of vnderstāding . The fantasie of man is indeterminate . Roman . 1. 20. The reason of our affecting the world more then heauen . The wil of the Angells . Psal . 14. 2. 3. Man is cōposed of two cōtrary natures . God gaue Adam originall iustice , &c. To Adam being falne , god gaue the lawe natural , &c. The written lawe . The law Euangelicall . Of brotherly correction . Math. 18. 15. What good may be don by charitable correcting of our brother . How holding our peace is a great offence . Esa . 6. 5. The cause why Esay cōplained of holding his peace . The iustice of God vpon the king , that would needs goe beyond his regal authority . The Authors implication . Esay . 6. 5. A lesson for such as little regard what is committed to their charge . S. Greg. in Pasto . Example of Mice for theyr safety among their enemies . The allusiō to all the correctiō of greate mē . How reprehēsion is to bee deliuered . 1. Tim. 5. 2. The answere of Antisthenes , for the rebuking of princes . Example of King Saule possessed . A lesson for bould presumers with princes . There is a time apte for all things . Eccl. 3. 1. 7. How somtime by speaking we holde our peace . How we breake silēce in holding our peace , and yet in talking are silent . Of negatiue precepts . Of affirmatiue precepts . Of precepts consisting of both natures . Of restitutiō . The precepte of brother lie correction . Math. 18. 15. 16. 17. How it is taught vs by Christ himselfe . Three things things to be obserued . 1 The place for speaking . 2 The time for speaking . Of time vnbefitting . Example of Noahs seauen dayes wayting for the doues returnes . Gen. 8. 11. The Authors morall application of this example . Psal . 69. 1. The forme of vse for this application . The secōd obseruation for brotherly correction . 3. The māner . Example of Dauids dispossessing Saule . Example of Eliseus sending Gehezie to the widdowes son . How we should reuiue our brother from sinne . Luk. 23. 22. Our immitation of Elizeus . Gal. 6. 1. The Authors commendatiō of this course . Comparisō of blowing the fire , alluded to our brothers nature . Comparisō of a sick mans feeding . The applicatiō of the cōparison . Psalm . 107. 18. The administering of brotherly correction . The Authors institution for the maner of correcting . The allegatiō on Gods behalfe . The maner concerning our selues . 2. Kings . 4. 34. Reprehensiōs compared to Physical pilles . Comparisō of the Ague . The application . Comparisō of the Physition . Comparisō of huntsmen in their seuerall pastimes . Obseruatiō for a differēce to be made in persons . Example of the Patriark● Ioseph . Gen 45. 24. The Authors allusion . Applicatiō to our selues . Psal . 73. 22. The way of this world . The conditional word , If. Exāple out of t●e old lawe . Deul . 24. 10 ▪ 11. The example applied . A sētētious demaunde . Mat 7. 3. Luke 4 ▪ 23. The words of Father Augustine . He ought not reprooue , that deserues reproofe . Publique of ●ending must haue publique reproof . 1. Tim. 5. 20. Example of Lamech . Gen. 4. 23. Of secret sin , but against a community . In matter of faith . Galat. 2. 11. Thom. Aquin. Sum. Cap. 20. Two kindes of correction . 1. The act of Iustice . 2. The act of charity . Between him & thee alone . Correct , not kill . Example of children offended . Applicatiō to our selues . Roman . 12. 19. Example of Cain . Gen. 4. 10. Example of Myriam to Moyses . Example of Mary Magdalen , and of Martha . Christs answer Luke . 10. 14. 15. Iob. Susanna . Dauid . Our own duty . Al sins are not alike in quality . The correctiō of deadly sins . Of sins of lesse quality . The words of Cirillus Alexandrinus . Consideration of our own faults . Esay . 38. 12. Comparisō of sounding a Trumpet , applyed to preaching . Of the number of reprehensions . Math. 18. 22. A finite number put by an infinite . Seauenty times seauen times according to Saint Ierome . According to S. Augustine . The writing of seauenty seauen by figures , alluded to the workes of mercy . A second cōceipt on the figures , by the senses . A third proof of the figures , by the seauen deadly sinnes , and seauen ages of man. A third proof , by the giftes of the holy ghost , & the vertues . S. Origen vpon S. Mathew . Math. 18. 17. The cōmand of Christ for our neighbors good . Cant. 2. 9. Comparison of an Army encamped . The first Sentinell . The second Sentinell . The whole corps du gard .