The history of Cang-Hy, the present emperour of China pesented [sic] to the Most Christian King / by Father J. Bouvet, of the Society of Jesus and missionary into China.
         Histoire de l'empereur de la Chine. English
         Bouvet, Joachim, 1656-1730.
      
       
         
           1699
        
      
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             The history of Cang-Hy, the present emperour of China pesented [sic] to the Most Christian King / by Father J. Bouvet, of the Society of Jesus and missionary into China.
             Histoire de l'empereur de la Chine. English
             Bouvet, Joachim, 1656-1730.
             Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713?
          
           [2], 111 p.
           
             Printed for F. Coggan ...,
             London :
             1699.
          
           
             Translated by Jodocus Crull in his Present condition of the Muscovite empire, with the life of the present emperour of China by Father J. Bouvet. 1699. Cf. BM.
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Kangxi, -- Emperor of China, 1654-1722.
           China -- History -- Kangxi, 1662-1722.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           HISTORY
           OF
           CANG-HY
           The
           Present
           Emperour
           OF
           CHINA
           Pesented
           to
           the
           Most
           Christian
           King
           
             By
             Father
          
           J.
           BOUVET
           ,
           
             of
             the
             Society
             of
          
           JESUS
           ,
           
             and
             Missionary
             into
          
           CHINA
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             F.
             Coggan
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Inner-Temple-Lane
           .
           MDCXCIX
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           The
           HISTORY
           of
           CANG-HI
           ,
           The
           Present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           :
           AND
           THE
           EASTERN-TARTARY
           .
        
         
           THE
           Name
           of
           the
           Emperour
           who
           at
           this
           time
           Commands
           over
           all
           China
           ,
           and
           Part
           of
           the
           
             Great
             Tartary
          
           ,
           is
           CANG-HI
           ,
           which
           implies
           as
           much
           as
           
             THE
             PEACEABLE
          
           .
           He
           succeeded
           his
           Father
           ,
           CHUN-TEHI
           ,
           a
           Prince
           of
           the
           Tartarian
           Race
           ,
           call'd
           ,
           
             The
             Mantcheou's
          
           ,
           who
           first
           of
           all
           ,
           being
           possessed
           of
           a
           large
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           in
           the
           
             Great
             Eastern
             Tartary
          
           ,
           afterwards
           settled
           themselves
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Leaotong
           ,
           situate
           on
           the
           North-East
           side
           of
           China
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           complicated
           their
           Conquest
           of
           this
           vast
           Monarchy
           ,
           towards
           the
           middle
           of
           our
           Age.
           
        
         
         
           This
           Prince
           is
           at
           present
           in
           the
           44th
           year
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           and
           the
           36th
           of
           his
           Reign
           ;
           a
           Person
           ,
           who
           by
           many
           Noble
           Qualifications
           has
           rendred
           himself
           Worthy
           of
           the
           Management
           of
           so
           Great
           an
           Empire
           .
        
         
           His
           whole
           Deportment
           is
           very
           Majestick
           ,
           being
           well
           proportion'd
           in
           his
           Limbs
           ,
           and
           pretty
           Tall
           ,
           the
           Feature
           of
           his
           Face
           very
           exact
           ,
           ,
           with
           a
           large
           and
           brisk
           Eye
           ,
           beyond
           what
           is
           observable
           among
           others
           of
           that
           Nation
           ;
           He
           is
           a
           little
           crooked
           Nosed
           ,
           and
           pitted
           with
           the
           Small-pox
           ,
           but
           not
           so
           as
           to
           be
           in
           the
           least
           disfigur'd
           by
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           rare
           Accomplishments
           of
           his
           Mind
           ,
           surpass
           infinitely
           those
           of
           his
           Body
           .
           His
           Natural
           Genius
           is
           such
           as
           can
           be
           parallell'd
           but
           by
           few
           ,
           being
           endow'd
           with
           a
           Quick
           and
           piercing
           Wit
           ,
           a
           vast
           Memory
           ,
           and
           Great
           Understanding
           ;
           His
           Constancy
           is
           never
           to
           be
           shaken
           by
           any
           sinister
           Event
           ,
           which
           makes
           him
           the
           fittest
           Person
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           undertake
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           accomplish
           Great
           Designs
           .
        
         
           To
           be
           short
           ,
           His
           inclinations
           are
           so
           Noble
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           respects
           so
           Answerable
           to
           the
           High
           Station
           of
           so
           Great
           a
           Prince
           ,
           that
           his
           People
           stand
           in
           Admiration
           of
           his
           Person
           ,
           being
           equally
           Charm'd
           with
           his
           Love
           and
           Justice
           ,
           and
           the
           Tenderness
           he
           shews
           for
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           vertuous
           Inclinations
           ;
           which
           as
           they
           are
           always
           guided
           by
           the
           Dictates
           of
           Reason
           ,
           so
           ,
           they
           render
           him
           an
           Absolute
           Master
           of
           his
           Passions
           .
        
         
         
           But
           ,
           what
           may
           seem
           most
           surprising
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           so
           Great
           a
           Monarch
           ,
           who
           bears
           upon
           his
           Shoulders
           the
           Weight
           of
           so
           vast
           an
           Empire
           ,
           should
           apply
           himself
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Assiduity
           to
           ,
           and
           have
           a
           true
           relish
           of
           all
           Sorts
           of
           useful
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           owing
           to
           his
           extraordinary
           Genius
           which
           appear'd
           in
           his
           very
           Infancy
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           notwithstanding
           his
           Tender
           Age
           ,
           gave
           him
           the
           Preference
           before
           all
           his
           Brothers
           ,
           in
           declaring
           him
           his
           Successour
           ;
           and
           this
           Prince
           has
           by
           his
           Conduct
           ,
           since
           ,
           made
           it
           apparent
           to
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           that
           his
           Father
           was
           not
           mistaken
           in
           his
           Choice
           .
        
         
           For
           no
           sooner
           was
           he
           mounted
           upon
           the
           Throne
           ,
           but
           his
           Chief
           aim
           was
           ,
           how
           to
           make
           himself
           beloved
           by
           both
           the
           Nations
           he
           was
           to
           Command
           ;
           and
           knowing
           the
           Tartars
           to
           be
           a
           Warlike
           People
           ,
           he
           accomplished
           himself
           in
           all
           Sorts
           of
           Exercises
           used
           among
           them
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           those
           Sciences
           most
           esteem'd
           among
           the
           Chineses
           .
        
         
           In
           Bodily
           Exercises
           he
           soon
           improv'd
           ,
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           scarce
           any
           Person
           of
           Note
           that
           could
           coop
           with
           him
           .
           And
           as
           the
           Tartars
           equally
           esteem
           the
           Strength
           and
           Agility
           of
           Body
           ,
           they
           stand
           amaz'd
           at
           this
           Prince
           ,
           when
           they
           see
           him
           manage
           his
           Bow
           with
           the
           utmost
           Dexterity
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           such
           a
           bigness
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           not
           one
           in
           the
           whole
           Court
           ,
           who
           can
           bend
           it
           .
           He
           shoots
           well
           ,
           both
           
           with
           his
           left
           and
           right
           Hand
           ,
           whether
           on
           Foot
           or
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           though
           riding
           at
           full-speed
           ,
           and
           rarely
           misses
           his
           Mark
           ,
           even
           when
           he
           shoots
           flying
           .
           He
           is
           very
           expert
           in
           Managing
           all
           sorts
           of
           Arms
           ,
           not
           excepting
           those
           ,
           that
           are
           no
           more
           in
           use
           now
           a-days
           ,
           and
           is
           as
           dextrous
           at
           Handling
           our
           Fire-locks
           ,
           as
           at
           the
           Bow.
           The
           Tartars
           are
           naturally
           good
           Horsemen
           ,
           but
           this
           Prince
           surpasses
           most
           of
           them
           in
           this
           Exercise
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           he
           excels
           thus
           in
           all
           Military
           Exercises
           ,
           this
           does
           not
           hinder
           his
           having
           a
           good
           relish
           of
           Musick
           ,
           especially
           of
           those
           Musical
           Instruments
           ,
           which
           are
           brought
           thither
           out
           of
           Europe
           .
           And
           ,
           if
           the
           multitude
           and
           weight
           of
           publick
           Affairs
           did
           not
           prevent
           him
           from
           playing
           upon
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           often
           as
           he
           could
           wish
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           question
           but
           he
           would
           soon
           become
           as
           great
           a
           Master
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           of
           some
           Tartarian
           and
           Chinese
           Instruments
           ,
           which
           he
           has
           been
           taught
           to
           play
           upon
           ,
           when
           as
           yet
           in
           his
           tender
           Age.
           
        
         
           But
           as
           he
           is
           not
           ignorant
           that
           the
           Art
           of
           Government
           is
           the
           Principal
           Qualifications
           belonging
           to
           a
           Sovereign
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           to
           that
           he
           has
           applied
           himself
           with
           the
           utmost
           Diligence
           .
           He
           was
           scarce
           sixteen
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           when
           his
           Chief
           Minister
           of
           State
           (
           who
           was
           the
           most
           Potent
           of
           those
           four
           Lords
           ,
           unto
           whom
           his
           Father
           had
           committed
           the
           Regency
           during
           his
           Son's
           Minority
           )
           was
           become
           so
           insolent
           ,
           as
           
           to
           Lord
           it
           over
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           and
           to
           dispose
           of
           all
           the
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           at
           Pleasure
           ,
           no
           body
           daring
           to
           stand
           in
           opposition
           to
           his
           Greatness
           .
        
         
           This
           young
           Emperour
           was
           the
           first
           who
           had
           resolution
           enough
           to
           stop
           the
           carreer
           of
           his
           insolency
           .
           For
           which
           purpose
           ,
           having
           call'd
           together
           the
           Chiefest
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Royal
           Blood
           ,
           who
           were
           Members
           of
           the
           Great
           Council
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           he
           upbraided
           them
           with
           their
           want
           of
           Courage
           ,
           in
           conniving
           at
           the
           Outrages
           committed
           by
           this
           Minister
           of
           State
           ,
           without
           daring
           to
           oppose
           him
           in
           his
           violent
           Courses
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           ordered
           the
           President
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           to
           go
           immediately
           and
           seize
           his
           Person
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           accordingly
           .
        
         
           He
           being
           convicted
           of
           many
           Injustices
           ,
           was
           condemned
           to
           die
           ;
           but
           having
           asked
           and
           obtained
           permission
           to
           see
           the
           Emperour
           before
           his
           Death
           ,
           he
           shewed
           him
           the
           Scars
           and
           Marks
           of
           his
           Wounds
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           received
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Emperour
           TAITSOW
           (
           whose
           Life
           he
           saved
           )
           Grand-Father
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           Father
           of
           the
           Emperour
           CHUN-TEHI
           ,
           who
           entirely
           conquered
           China
           .
           In
           consideration
           of
           these
           Wounds
           received
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           two
           preceding
           Reigns
           ,
           he
           was
           pardon'd
           as
           to
           his
           Life
           ,
           and
           his
           Punishment
           changed
           into
           a
           perpetual
           Imprisonment
           ,
           where
           he
           afterwards
           ended
           his
           days
           .
        
         
         
           Ever
           since
           that
           time
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           having
           taken
           the
           Reins
           of
           the
           Government
           into
           his
           own
           hands
           ,
           he
           has
           applied
           himself
           to
           the
           management
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           with
           so
           much
           Affiduity
           ,
           that
           he
           takes
           cognizance
           of
           all
           matters
           ,
           and
           regulates
           them
           himself
           ,
           after
           having
           understood
           the
           Sentiments
           of
           his
           Ministers
           of
           State
           and
           Council
           .
           By
           this
           continual
           application
           to
           Business
           ,
           he
           has
           acquired
           such
           a
           Habit
           of
           managing
           all
           publick
           Affairs
           ,
           that
           so
           prodigious
           a
           multitude
           and
           variety
           of
           Business
           ,
           as
           daily
           were
           brought
           before
           him
           from
           the
           most
           remote
           Parts
           of
           so
           vast
           an
           Empire
           ,
           seem'd
           rather
           to
           be
           his
           Diversion
           ,
           than
           any
           Toil.
           
        
         
           For
           which
           purpose
           ,
           he
           gives
           duly
           every
           Morning
           at
           break
           of
           day
           ,
           Audience
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Sovereign
           Courts
           of
           Peking
           ,
           who
           then
           lay
           all
           the
           Petitions
           lodg'd
           with
           them
           ,
           before
           him
           .
           If
           the
           said
           Petitions
           concern
           any
           thing
           of
           Moment
           ,
           he
           sends
           them
           to
           the
           Court
           of
           Colao
           ,
           which
           is
           properly
           the
           Council
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           where
           ,
           when
           they
           are
           examined
           ,
           and
           an
           Account
           given
           concerning
           them
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           he
           decides
           them
           as
           he
           thinks
           fit
           ;
           No
           Judgment
           of
           any
           Court
           not
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           the
           Empire
           it self
           being
           of
           any
           Validity
           ,
           till
           approv'd
           of
           by
           the
           Emperour
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           those
           Hours
           he
           sets
           aside
           in
           the
           Morning
           to
           give
           Audience
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           certain
           Person
           of
           great
           Ability
           ,
           in
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           Master
           of
           Requests
           ,
           who
           all
           
           the
           day
           long
           attends
           the
           Emperour's
           Person
           ,
           wherever
           he
           goes
           ,
           and
           receives
           such
           Petitions
           or
           other
           Papers
           ,
           as
           must
           be
           delivered
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           to
           hear
           such
           Persons
           ,
           as
           have
           any
           Business
           to
           be
           delivered
           by
           way
           of
           mouth
           ,
           of
           which
           this
           Gentleman
           is
           bound
           to
           give
           an
           exact
           Account
           instantly
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           back
           his
           Answer
           ,
           provided
           they
           are
           Persons
           ,
           whose
           province
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           inform
           the
           Court
           concerning
           these
           Matters
           ,
           for
           otherwise
           they
           meet
           feldom
           with
           any
           Encouragement
           .
        
         
           If
           any
           of
           his
           Subjects
           find
           themselves
           oppressed
           by
           the
           Mandarins
           or
           Governours
           ,
           they
           need
           only
           to
           enquire
           when
           the
           Emperour
           goes
           out
           of
           Peking
           a
           Hunting
           ,
           or
           upon
           any
           other
           Diversion
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           present
           themselves
           upon
           their
           Knees
           with
           their
           Petition
           open
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           somewhere
           near
           the
           High
           Road
           where
           he
           is
           to
           pass
           by
           ;
           when
           most
           commonly
           the
           Emperour
           sends
           one
           of
           his
           Attendance
           ,
           to
           enquire
           and
           examine
           the
           Matter
           of
           Complaint
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           Mandarins
           are
           found
           guilty
           ,
           they
           are
           sure
           to
           meet
           with
           most
           severe
           Punishment
           ;
           But
           great
           care
           must
           be
           taken
           in
           this
           Case
           by
           the
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           offer
           these
           Petitions
           with
           all
           the
           imaginable
           Respect
           and
           Humility
           due
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           expecting
           his
           coming
           ,
           at
           a
           convenient
           distance
           from
           the
           High-road
           ,
           if
           they
           expect
           to
           be
           favourably
           receiv'd
           ;
           For
           if
           they
           are
           wanting
           in
           these
           Marks
           of
           Respect
           ,
           and
           will
           force
           themselves
           upon
           
           him
           ,
           by
           loud
           Acclamations
           ,
           and
           demanding
           Justice
           ,
           they
           are
           push'd
           back
           by
           the
           Guards
           ;
           tho'
           effectual
           Care
           is
           taken
           ,
           that
           no
           hurt
           be
           done
           to
           any
           who
           come
           to
           present
           their
           Petitions
           ,
           unless
           they
           should
           be
           so
           bold
           as
           to
           lose
           all
           manner
           of
           Respect
           ,
           this
           Prince
           being
           willing
           to
           give
           all
           due
           Encouragement
           to
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           him
           in
           their
           Grievances
           ,
           looking
           upon
           this
           as
           the
           most
           proper
           Means
           to
           keep
           the
           Mandarins
           in
           their
           Duty
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           being
           accused
           before
           the
           Emperour
           .
           We
           have
           observed
           during
           our
           Stay
           in
           China
           ,
           that
           many
           of
           the
           most
           Considerable
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           free
           Access
           to
           the
           Prince's
           Person
           ,
           being
           thus
           complain'd
           against
           ,
           and
           found
           guilty
           of
           what
           they
           were
           charg'd
           with
           ,
           lost
           not
           only
           their
           Employments
           ,
           but
           were
           likewise
           severely
           punished
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           Deserts
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           never
           had
           any
           Favourite
           Minister
           ,
           in
           whom
           he
           confided
           ,
           but
           has
           introduced
           such
           an
           Absolute
           Government
           in
           the
           Court
           ,
           that
           no
           body
           dares
           speak
           to
           him
           concerning
           any
           Business
           that
           does
           not
           belong
           to
           his
           Province
           ,
           unless
           he
           be
           ask'd
           .
           And
           ,
           as
           for
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           he
           is
           so
           close
           in
           all
           his
           Affairs
           ,
           that
           the
           more
           you
           approach
           to
           his
           Person
           ,
           the
           more
           you
           are
           convinced
           ,
           that
           his
           Designs
           are
           past
           all
           Discovery
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           his
           Custom
           to
           require
           an
           exact
           Account
           of
           all
           Matters
           of
           Moment
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           secret
           Intelligence
           by
           different
           
           Persons
           ,
           of
           all
           that
           is
           transacted
           in
           the
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           otherwise
           ;
           when
           he
           gives
           Audience
           to
           private
           persons
           ,
           he
           asks
           much
           ,
           but
           answers
           little
           .
           He
           observes
           with
           great
           attention
           every
           word
           that
           is
           spoke
           to
           him
           ,
           which
           he
           ruminates
           upon
           at
           leisure
           ;
           And
           to
           be
           short
           ,
           there
           is
           scarce
           any
           Prince
           ,
           that
           ever
           I
           heard
           of
           ,
           who
           more
           seriously
           reflects
           upon
           all
           what
           comes
           before
           him
           ,
           who
           knows
           better
           the
           Act
           of
           Dissimulation
           ,
           and
           is
           a
           greater
           Master
           both
           of
           his
           Words
           and
           Secrets
           .
        
         
           He
           is
           so
           happy
           in
           his
           Memory
           ,
           as
           to
           remember
           for
           a
           great
           while
           after
           ,
           the
           meanest
           Circumstances
           of
           Things
           he
           has
           once
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           names
           of
           Persons
           ;
           neither
           the
           multitude
           of
           his
           Affairs
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           daily
           takes
           cognizance
           himself
           ,
           neither
           length
           of
           Time
           being
           able
           to
           crase
           that
           out
           of
           his
           Memory
           ,
           which
           has
           been
           once
           firmly
           imprinted
           there
           .
           Of
           this
           we
           as
           well
           as
           Father
           Verbiest
           ,
           have
           had
           several
           times
           Experience
           ;
           Among
           the
           rest
           it
           happened
           one
           day
           ,
           when
           the
           said
           Father
           was
           following
           the
           King
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           that
           his
           Majesty
           ask'd
           him
           the
           name
           of
           a
           certain
           Bird
           which
           he
           saw
           ,
           and
           the
           name
           of
           which
           ,
           Father
           Verbiest
           had
           told
           him
           in
           Flemish
           ,
           several
           years
           before
           ;
           The
           said
           Father
           not
           being
           able
           just
           then
           to
           remember
           the
           name
           of
           the
           said
           Bird
           ,
           which
           was
           somewhat
           odd
           ;
           was
           not
           a
           little
           surprised
           ,
           to
           hear
           the
           Emperour
           ask
           him
           ;
           whether
           it
           was
           not
           call'd
           so
           and
           so
           in
           Flemish
           ,
           and
           
           that
           he
           should
           remember
           what
           he
           had
           forgot
           himself
           !
        
         
           This
           prince
           has
           so
           quick
           an
           insight
           into
           Matters
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           easie
           Matter
           to
           deceive
           him
           ,
           and
           such
           is
           the
           Solidity
           of
           his
           Natural
           Understanding
           and
           Judgment
           ,
           as
           most
           generally
           to
           pitch
           upon
           the
           best
           expedient
           ,
           where
           the
           Success
           is
           doubtful
           ,
           and
           even
           the
           best
           Head-pieces
           among
           his
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           do
           readily
           confess
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           more
           beholding
           to
           his
           Instructions
           than
           their
           Advice
           in
           most
           Matters
           of
           Moment
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           he
           has
           given
           frequent
           Instances
           ,
           both
           whilst
           the
           Differences
           were
           on
           foot
           betwixt
           him
           and
           the
           Muscovites
           ,
           and
           during
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           with
           them
           .
           As
           the
           Muscovites
           were
           formerly
           look'd
           upon
           as
           a
           very
           unpolish'd
           Nation
           ,
           which
           had
           nothing
           that
           is
           engaging
           in
           their
           Conversation
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           vast
           distance
           betwixt
           their
           Country
           and
           Peking
           ,
           made
           them
           little
           regarded
           in
           China
           ,
           as
           being
           scarce
           known
           there
           ;
           so
           their
           first
           Embassy
           ,
           which
           was
           sont
           to
           CHUN-TCHI
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour's
           Father
           ,
           was
           not
           as
           much
           as
           admitted
           to
           Audience
           .
        
         
           For
           these
           Muscovites
           having
           refused
           to
           conform
           themselves
           to
           these
           slavish
           Ceremonies
           ,
           which
           commonly
           are
           made
           use
           of
           by
           those
           who
           make
           their
           applications
           to
           the
           Chinese
           Court
           ,
           they
           were
           kept
           up
           close
           ,
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           like
           Prisoners
           ,
           without
           having
           the
           Liberty
           allow'd
           them
           to
           see
           the
           City
           of
           Peking
           ,
           or
           to
           converse
           
           with
           any
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ;
           and
           being
           after
           some
           time
           sent
           back
           with
           their
           Presents
           ,
           and
           without
           receiving
           their
           Credentials
           ;
           This
           gave
           the
           first
           Occasion
           to
           the
           Muscovites
           to
           Invade
           some
           of
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           Subject
           to
           the
           Chinese
           Empire
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           had
           no
           more
           reason
           to
           fear
           the
           Muscovites
           ,
           than
           his
           Predecessours
           ,
           but
           wisely
           considering
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           prove
           troublesome
           Neighbours
           to
           some
           of
           the
           Tartars
           subject
           to
           and
           bordering
           upon
           China
           ,
           His
           Majesty
           judged
           it
           most
           advisable
           ,
           to
           treat
           them
           with
           more
           Civility
           ,
           for
           the
           Benefit
           of
           his
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           he
           gave
           a
           very
           remarkable
           Proof
           some
           years
           ago
           ;
           For
           the
           Muscovites
           ,
           having
           been
           forced
           to
           surrender
           at
           Discretion
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           was
           so
           far
           from
           punishing
           them
           with
           Death
           ,
           (
           according
           to
           the
           antient
           Custom
           of
           China
           )
           that
           he
           treated
           them
           very
           civilly
           ;
           those
           that
           were
           willing
           to
           return
           into
           Muscovy
           he
           sent
           back
           with
           a
           certain
           allowance
           of
           Provision
           ;
           such
           as
           were
           willing
           to
           serve
           him
           ,
           he
           receiv'd
           among
           his
           Troops
           ,
           some
           of
           whom
           were
           sent
           to
           the
           Capital
           City
           of
           the
           Province
           of
           Leaotong
           ,
           the
           others
           to
           Peking
           .
        
         
           They
           had
           each
           of
           them
           a
           House
           with
           some
           Land
           ,
           and
           Slaves
           allotted
           them
           ,
           and
           each
           simple
           Foot
           Souldier
           was
           made
           a
           Horse
           Man
           ;
           The
           Officers
           were
           entertained
           in
           the
           same
           Station
           ,
           and
           in
           better
           pay
           than
           they
           had
           in
           the
           Muscovite
           service
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           same
           manner
           he
           has
           treated
           the
           Muscovite
           Envoys
           ,
           which
           since
           that
           time
           were
           sent
           to
           his
           Court
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Civility
           ,
           in
           defraying
           their
           Charges
           as
           long
           as
           they
           were
           within
           his
           Territories
           ,
           and
           ordering
           the
           necessary
           Carriages
           to
           be
           provided
           not
           only
           for
           their
           use
           ,
           but
           also
           for
           their
           whole
           Baggage
           and
           Merchandizes
           ,
           both
           in
           going
           and
           coming
           ,
           through
           a
           large
           Tract
           of
           Land
           of
           above
           three
           hundred
           Leagues
           .
           Whilst
           they
           were
           at
           Peking
           ,
           they
           had
           all
           the
           liberty
           that
           could
           be
           granted
           ,
           both
           in
           their
           own
           Persons
           and
           Traffick
           ,
           without
           paying
           the
           usual
           Custom
           ,
           or
           any
           molestation
           .
           The
           Muscovites
           being
           thereby
           made
           sensible
           of
           the
           Benefit
           that
           did
           acrue
           to
           their
           Empire
           by
           this
           Commerce
           ,
           the
           desire
           of
           not
           loosing
           this
           Advantage
           was
           one
           of
           the
           main
           reason
           ,
           which
           induced
           them
           to
           conclude
           a
           Peace
           with
           the
           Chineses
           .
        
         
           The
           Muscovite
           Plenipotentiaries
           did
           frankly
           confess
           to
           the
           two
           Fathers
           Pereyra
           and
           Gerbillon
           ,
           which
           were
           sent
           by
           the
           Emperour
           of
           China
           to
           be
           present
           at
           the
           Conferences
           of
           Peace
           betwixt
           these
           two
           Nations
           ,
           That
           the
           Chief
           Motive
           ,
           which
           had
           prevailed
           with
           his
           Czarish
           Majesty
           to
           send
           his
           Plenipotentiaries
           to
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           ,
           was
           the
           good
           Treatment
           his
           Subjects
           had
           of
           late
           received
           from
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           certain
           that
           on
           the
           Chinese
           side
           ,
           it
           was
           by
           the
           Emperour
           's
           absolute
           Authority
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           resolved
           in
           his
           Council
           ,
           
           that
           their
           Plenipotentiaries
           should
           meet
           those
           of
           Muscovy
           upon
           the
           Frontiers
           ;
           this
           Prince
           looking
           upon
           it
           as
           very
           reasonable
           ,
           to
           dispense
           with
           that
           antient
           Custom
           of
           the
           Proud
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           never
           used
           to
           send
           any
           Ambassadours
           to
           foreign
           Princes
           ,
           unless
           it
           was
           to
           carry
           to
           them
           their
           Emperour's
           Commands
           .
        
         
           The
           two
           Chief
           of
           this
           Embassy
           were
           two
           of
           the
           most
           considerable
           Lords
           of
           his
           Court
           ,
           the
           best
           Head-pieces
           in
           his
           Great
           Council
           ,
           and
           of
           whose
           Integrity
           he
           was
           well
           assured
           .
           The
           Treaty
           not
           being
           brought
           to
           a
           good
           issue
           the
           first
           Year
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           disgusted
           at
           this
           want
           of
           Success
           ,
           that
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           he
           sent
           his
           Plenipotentiaries
           a
           second
           time
           ,
           with
           such
           full
           Instructions
           ,
           that
           the
           Treaty
           was
           happily
           concluded
           ,
           and
           the
           Limits
           settled
           betwixt
           these
           two
           Empires
           ,
           to
           his
           Satisfaction
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           more
           than
           probable
           ,
           That
           if
           this
           Emperour
           would
           have
           insisted
           upon
           those
           extravagant
           
           Punctilio's
           ,
           used
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           pretended
           to
           give
           no
           better
           reception
           to
           the
           Muscovite
           Ambassadours
           ,
           than
           what
           they
           had
           met
           with
           at
           their
           first
           Embassy
           sent
           to
           this
           Court
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           found
           means
           to
           enter
           into
           an
           Alliance
           with
           some
           of
           the
           
             Western
             Tartars
          
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           they
           might
           have
           proved
           very
           troublesome
           Neighbours
           to
           the
           Chinese
           Subjects
           on
           that
           side
           .
        
         
         
           And
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           I
           cannot
           pass
           by
           in
           silence
           ,
           That
           the
           Muscovites
           are
           not
           the
           only
           strangers
           ,
           who
           have
           been
           made
           sensible
           of
           the
           good
           Will
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour
           bears
           to
           them
           .
           The
           Portugese
           and
           Holland
           Ambassadours
           ,
           have
           received
           such
           signal
           Proofs
           of
           his
           Magnanimity
           ,
           during
           their
           stay
           in
           this
           Court
           ;
           That
           they
           do
           freely
           confess
           ,
           That
           the
           present
           Emperour's
           Temper
           is
           far
           different
           in
           this
           respect
           ,
           from
           that
           of
           the
           Chineses
           in
           general
           ,
           who
           have
           at
           all
           times
           shewn
           so
           much
           Aversion
           to
           Strangers
           ,
           and
           have
           look'd
           upon
           them
           as
           so
           despicable
           ,
           as
           not
           worth
           their
           keeping
           any
           Correspondence
           with
           them
           ;
           Or
           if
           they
           vouchsafed
           sometimes
           to
           receive
           some
           of
           their
           Ambassadours
           ,
           they
           were
           treated
           rather
           like
           Subjects
           than
           their
           Equals
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           is
           to
           be
           said
           in
           behalf
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           That
           unless
           it
           be
           the
           Iaponeses
           ,
           the
           Toakineses
           and
           Coreans
           ,
           who
           have
           got
           something
           of
           Politeness
           ,
           which
           they
           are
           obliged
           for
           ,
           to
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           all
           their
           neighbouring
           Nations
           are
           very
           Savage
           and
           Barbarous
           ;
           But
           the
           present
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           has
           a
           much
           better
           insight
           into
           foreign
           Affairs
           than
           the
           rest
           ,
           has
           a
           considerable
           time
           ago
           ,
           found
           out
           the
           effects
           of
           this
           Mistake
           .
           The
           Iesuits
           have
           imprinted
           into
           his
           Mind
           so
           advantageous
           an
           Idea
           of
           the
           European
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           of
           some
           other
           Nations
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           continual
           Application
           to
           some
           of
           the
           best
           Works
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           
           flourishing
           in
           Europe
           ,
           he
           has
           been
           sufficiently
           convinc'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Chineses
           are
           not
           the
           Onely
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           who
           can
           boast
           of
           their
           being
           Famous
           in
           many
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           .
        
         
           This
           has
           been
           ,
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           ,
           the
           true
           Reason
           why
           this
           present
           Emperour
           has
           thought
           fit
           ,
           to
           lay
           aside
           this
           preposterous
           Custom
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Nation
           ,
           and
           to
           receive
           the
           Ambassadours
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Portugal
          
           ,
           and
           Muscovy
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           marks
           of
           Respect
           and
           Civility
           ;
           tho
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           Accommodate
           themselves
           in
           this
           point
           to
           the
           antient
           Custom
           of
           this
           Empire
           ,
           as
           to
           Treat
           concerning
           what
           they
           were
           to
           transact
           ,
           with
           the
           Courts
           appointed
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           singular
           Wisdom
           and
           Conduct
           did
           never
           appear
           with
           such
           Lustre
           ,
           than
           during
           these
           several
           intestine
           Commotions
           ,
           which
           happened
           under
           his
           Reign
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           and
           most
           Famous
           of
           all
           ,
           was
           the
           Rebellion
           raised
           by
           one
           Ousan-Gouei
           ,
           who
           ,
           having
           brought
           a
           considerable
           number
           of
           Tartars
           into
           China
           ,
           and
           thereby
           deserved
           the
           Title
           and
           Dignity
           of
           King
           ,
           of
           Feudatary
           Prince
           of
           a
           certain
           Province
           ,
           from
           the
           present
           Emperour's
           Father
           ,
           at
           last
           entred
           into
           Cabals
           against
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           with
           an
           Intention
           to
           drive
           them
           out
           of
           China
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           at
           first
           so
           successful
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           little
           time
           ,
           he
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           one
           half
           of
           this
           vast
           Empire
           ,
           without
           much
           Opposition
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           next
           to
           a
           
           Miracle
           ,
           that
           the
           rest
           escaped
           his
           Hands
           ;
           the
           Chineses
           declining
           ,
           wherever
           he
           came
           ,
           for
           his
           Party
           ;
           in
           comparison
           of
           whom
           ,
           the
           Tartars
           were
           but
           a
           Handfull
           of
           People
           ,
           who
           were
           not
           able
           alone
           to
           stop
           the
           Current
           of
           his
           Victorious
           Arms.
           But
           such
           was
           the
           Prudence
           and
           Conduct
           of
           this
           young
           Prince
           ,
           who
           then
           was
           not
           above
           twenty
           years
           old
           ,
           that
           what
           he
           wanted
           in
           Force
           ,
           he
           supplied
           by
           his
           own
           Ability
           .
        
         
           To
           speak
           without
           Flattery
           ,
           it
           was
           chiefly
           owing
           to
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           managed
           all
           Matters
           in
           Person
           ;
           it
           was
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           owing
           to
           the
           wise
           Precautions
           he
           took
           with
           the
           Chief
           Governours
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           other
           Military
           Officers
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           that
           he
           not
           only
           kept
           in
           Obedience
           those
           who
           had
           not
           had
           the
           Opportunity
           as
           yet
           to
           joyn
           with
           the
           Rebel
           Ousan-Gouci
           ,
           but
           also
           brought
           over
           a
           great
           many
           of
           the
           Revolted
           Chineses
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           appear
           in
           Person
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           his
           Army
           's
           ;
           but
           this
           was
           an
           effect
           of
           his
           Wisdom
           ,
           being
           sufficiently
           convinc'd
           ,
           that
           his
           Presence
           was
           of
           Great
           Consequence
           at
           Peking
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           Northern
           Princes
           in
           Obedience
           ,
           and
           to
           disperse
           by
           his
           Royal
           Presence
           these
           Factions
           ,
           which
           were
           carried
           on
           in
           that
           City
           against
           his
           Interest
           ,
           and
           which
           might
           otherwise
           have
           proved
           of
           more
           dangerous
           Consequence
           ,
           than
           the
           whole
           Force
           of
           Ousan-Gouci
           .
        
         
         
           To
           be
           short
           ,
           he
           acted
           in
           this
           Affair
           not
           like
           a
           young
           Prince
           ,
           but
           with
           such
           precaution
           ,
           that
           no
           more
           could
           have
           been
           expected
           from
           the
           most
           accomplished
           Politician
           .
           He
           was
           day
           and
           night
           present
           at
           the
           Councils
           ,
           and
           ready
           at
           all
           times
           to
           dispatch
           his
           Orders
           according
           to
           the
           different
           Exigencies
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           concerning
           which
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           least
           Circumstances
           that
           attended
           it
           ,
           he
           had
           constant
           Intelligence
           given
           him
           ;
           it
           being
           the
           most
           dangerous
           that
           ever
           threatned
           the
           Chinese
           Empire
           ;
           forasmuch
           as
           it
           proved
           the
           Source
           of
           many
           other
           Factions
           ,
           which
           however
           ,
           he
           happily
           suppressed
           before
           they
           came
           to
           any
           Maturity
           ,
           by
           his
           prudent
           Conduct
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           of
           these
           Factions
           was
           a
           Conspiracy
           among
           the
           Slaves
           of
           Peking
           ,
           who
           being
           all
           Chineses
           ,
           had
           agreed
           among
           themselves
           ,
           to
           Murther
           all
           their
           Masters
           that
           were
           Tartars
           by
           Off-spring
           ,
           in
           one
           Night
           ;
           and
           the
           better
           to
           compass
           their
           Design
           ,
           they
           were
           afterwards
           to
           set
           Fire
           to
           four
           or
           five
           places
           of
           the
           City
           .
           But
           there
           being
           so
           vast
           a
           number
           concern'd
           in
           this
           Conspiracy
           ,
           as
           scarce
           to
           know
           one
           another
           ,
           the
           same
           was
           by
           Accident
           discovered
           by
           several
           of
           the
           Accomplices
           ,
           some
           days
           before
           it
           was
           to
           be
           put
           in
           Execution
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           having
           seized
           upon
           and
           punished
           with
           present
           Death
           some
           of
           the
           Ring-leaders
           ,
           he
           broke
           the
           Neck
           of
           the
           whole
           Conspiracy
           in
           a
           few
           days
           ,
           by
           granting
           a
           General
           Amnesty
           to
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
         
           This
           Faction
           was
           soon
           after
           followed
           by
           another
           :
           For
           the
           Kings
           of
           Canton
           and
           Fokien
           ,
           being
           likewise
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Race
           ,
           when
           they
           saw
           the
           Tartars
           embroil'd
           by
           the
           Revolt
           of
           Ouson-Gouci
           ,
           did
           look
           upon
           this
           as
           the
           fittest
           Opportunity
           to
           shake
           off
           the
           Tartarian
           Yoak
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           themselves
           Sovereigns
           each
           in
           their
           own
           Province
           .
        
         
           Much
           about
           the
           same
           time
           there
           revolted
           another
           King
           of
           the
           Race
           of
           Mongo
           ,
           Chief
           of
           the
           Head
           branch
           of
           those
           Princes
           descended
           from
           the
           West-Tartarian
           Emperours
           ,
           who
           Reigned
           over
           China
           before
           the
           Imperial
           Family
           of
           Taiming
           ;
           which
           is
           above
           three
           hundred
           years
           ago
           ,
           and
           who
           ,
           after
           they
           were
           chased
           from
           thence
           ,
           regain'd
           the
           Imperial
           Throne
           a
           second
           time
           ,
           and
           reigned
           till
           the
           30th
           year
           of
           this
           Age
           ,
           when
           these
           Princes
           ruined
           themselves
           by
           Intestine
           Divisions
           .
        
         
           For
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour's
           Grand-father
           ,
           laying
           hold
           of
           this
           Opportunity
           to
           ascend
           the
           Imperial
           Throne
           ,
           knew
           so
           well
           how
           to
           foment
           these
           Quarrels
           ,
           till
           he
           found
           means
           to
           reduce
           them
           ,
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           under
           his
           Obedience
           ,
           not
           expecting
           even
           the
           Chief
           of
           the
           Family
           ,
           who
           retained
           hitherto
           the
           Name
           of
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           was
           forced
           by
           his
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           submit
           like
           the
           rest
           .
           But
           the
           Tartars
           of
           the
           Race
           of
           Mantcheou
           ,
           to
           render
           their
           Subjection
           more
           specious
           and
           easie
           ,
           did
           ,
           after
           the
           entire
           Conquest
           of
           China
           ,
           bestow
           the
           Title
           of
           King
           upon
           this
           Emperour
           ,
           
           as
           well
           as
           upon
           several
           others
           of
           the
           most
           Potent
           Princes
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Mongo
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           the
           present
           Emperour
           was
           engaged
           against
           the
           three
           beforementioned
           Rebellious
           Chinese
           Princes
           or
           Kings
           ,
           some
           Officers
           belonging
           to
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           is
           Chief
           of
           the
           Principal
           Branch
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Mongo
           ,
           being
           come
           to
           Peking
           ,
           and
           having
           observed
           ,
           That
           the
           Place
           was
           not
           provided
           with
           any
           considerable
           Number
           of
           Troops
           ,
           the
           Garrison
           consisting
           only
           of
           a
           few
           young
           ,
           raw
           Soldiers
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           fail
           to
           give
           Intelligence
           of
           it
           to
           their
           Master
           ,
           who
           being
           encouraged
           to
           improve
           so
           favourable
           a
           Conjuncture
           ,
           resolved
           to
           try
           his
           Fortune
           ,
           whether
           he
           could
           recover
           his
           antient
           Right
           ,
           and
           the
           Empire
           of
           China
           .
        
         
           But
           whilst
           he
           was
           making
           the
           necessary
           Leagues
           with
           the
           other
           neighbouring
           Princes
           of
           the
           Race
           of
           Mongo
           ,
           the
           thing
           could
           not
           be
           carried
           on
           with
           so
           much
           secrecy
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           reached
           the
           Emperour's
           Ears
           ,
           who
           with
           an
           incredible
           Resolution
           ,
           sent
           immediately
           a
           small
           Body
           of
           Troops
           ,
           composed
           partly
           of
           the
           Garrison
           of
           Peking
           ,
           partly
           of
           those
           Quartered
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Leaotong
           ,
           bordering
           upon
           the
           Territories
           of
           the
           revolted
           Prince
           ,
           against
           him
           ,
           whereby
           the
           Enemy
           being
           bereaved
           of
           the
           Succours
           he
           expected
           from
           the
           other
           Princes
           his
           Allies
           ,
           was
           forced
           ,
           with
           what
           Forces
           he
           could
           bring
           together
           in
           haste
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           to
           fight
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           were
           advanced
           to
           
           the
           very
           heart
           of
           his
           Province
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           entirely
           put
           to
           the
           Rout
           ,
           and
           taken
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           pursuit
           ,
           with
           his
           Brother
           and
           Children
           .
        
         
           He
           made
           use
           of
           the
           same
           Method
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           same
           Success
           upon
           many
           other
           Occasions
           ,
           during
           the
           Civil
           War
           ;
           for
           with
           that
           small
           number
           of
           Troops
           ,
           who
           were
           entirely
           to
           his
           devotion
           ,
           he
           always
           was
           successful
           against
           the
           Rebels
           ,
           tho'
           they
           stood
           it
           out
           to
           the
           last
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Bravery
           .
        
         
           Among
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Rebellion
           ,
           even
           many
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           stir
           ,
           or
           had
           any
           share
           in
           these
           Commotions
           ,
           were
           seiz'd
           and
           put
           to
           Death
           ,
           with
           all
           their
           Children
           ,
           without
           distinction
           of
           Age
           or
           Sex
           ;
           pursuant
           to
           that
           most
           rigorous
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ;
           according
           to
           which
           ,
           Rebellion
           is
           punished
           in
           the
           ninth
           Generation
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           with
           an
           Intention
           to
           extinguish
           the
           whole
           Race
           of
           a
           Rebellious
           Faction
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           while
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           whose
           Nature
           is
           in
           no
           wise
           inclin'd
           to
           Cruelty
           ,
           was
           so
           merciful
           to
           the
           Brothers
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           Canton
           and
           Fokien
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           not
           let
           them
           receive
           the
           least
           Damage
           either
           in
           their
           Persons
           or
           Estates
           ,
           knowing
           them
           to
           have
           had
           no
           hand
           in
           the
           Rebellion
           .
           But
           ,
           because
           he
           found
           himself
           under
           a
           necessity
           to
           put
           to
           Death
           some
           of
           the
           Kindred
           of
           Ousan-Gouei
           ,
           that
           were
           as
           yet
           very
           young
           ,
           he
           issued
           out
           a
           Manifesto
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           protested
           ,
           that
           it
           
           was
           not
           according
           to
           his
           Inclinations
           ,
           to
           put
           them
           to
           Death
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           was
           constrained
           to
           yield
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Advice
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           and
           of
           other
           Sovereign
           Courts
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           who
           were
           all
           for
           maintaining
           the
           Force
           of
           this
           Law
           ,
           to
           strike
           Terrour
           into
           the
           Subject
           against
           Rebellion
           ,
           by
           the
           Dread
           of
           the
           worst
           of
           all
           the
           Punishments
           which
           can
           be
           inflicted
           upon
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           leave
           no
           Posterity
           behind
           them
           .
        
         
           Thus
           the
           Emperour
           did
           not
           only
           reunite
           those
           Provinces
           with
           the
           Crown
           ,
           which
           had
           shaken
           off
           the
           Yoak
           ,
           but
           also
           those
           who
           were
           dignified
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           Kingdoms
           in
           favour
           of
           three
           Generals
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Army
           ,
           who
           having
           embraced
           the
           Party
           of
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           were
           very
           instrumental
           in
           the
           Conquest
           of
           China
           .
        
         
           He
           had
           also
           the
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           to
           exterminate
           the
           Remainders
           of
           those
           antient
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           rather
           than
           submit
           to
           the
           Tartarian
           Yoak
           ,
           when
           they
           first
           entred
           China
           ,
           chose
           rather
           to
           follow
           that
           Famous
           Pyrate
           Couesin
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           under
           the
           Reign
           of
           CHUN-TCHI
           ,
           Father
           of
           the
           present
           Emperour
           ,
           that
           this
           Pyrate
           attempted
           no
           less
           than
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           ,
           for
           which
           purpose
           ,
           he
           was
           advanced
           with
           a
           very
           formidable
           Army
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           City
           of
           Nanking
           ,
           which
           in
           all
           likelihood
           he
           would
           have
           been
           soon
           Master
           of
           ,
           if
           it
           had
           not
           been
           Bravly
           defended
           by
           a
           certain
           Tartarian
           
           Commander
           ,
           who
           being
           sensible
           that
           the
           Fate
           of
           the
           Empire
           depended
           on
           the
           Preservation
           of
           this
           Place
           ,
           did
           ,
           not
           only
           with
           a
           small
           number
           of
           Troops
           ,
           repulse
           the
           Enemies
           in
           their
           several
           Attacks
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           ,
           also
           surprised
           the
           Pyrate
           and
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           he
           put
           to
           an
           entire
           Rout
           one
           Night
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           overwhelmed
           with
           Drink
           ,
           having
           the
           day
           before
           celebrated
           the
           Birth-day
           of
           their
           General
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           the
           same
           Famous
           Pyrate
           ,
           who
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           lost
           his
           whole
           Army
           in
           this
           Occasion
           ,
           retired
           with
           his
           few
           Remainders
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Formosa
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           chased
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           and
           established
           himself
           there
           .
           His
           Son
           maintain'd
           himself
           after
           his
           Father's
           Death
           ,
           upon
           that
           Island
           ,
           till
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           forced
           him
           to
           submit
           to
           his
           Obedience
           ,
           with
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           except
           a
           few
           ,
           who
           retired
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Kamboya
           .
        
         
           Thus
           it
           may
           be
           said
           without
           flattery
           .
           That
           the
           present
           Emperour
           ,
           CANG-HI
           ,
           has
           acquired
           more
           Glory
           in
           subduing
           so
           many
           Rebels
           ,
           and
           maintaining
           himself
           in
           the
           Throne
           ,
           against
           so
           many
           dangerous
           Enemies
           ,
           than
           the
           Famous
           Amavang
           his
           Uncle
           ,
           and
           Guardian
           to
           his
           Father
           ,
           did
           ,
           by
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           .
           For
           the
           Conquest
           of
           China
           was
           not
           very
           dearly
           bought
           by
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           the
           Chineses
           striving
           to
           destroy
           one
           another
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           the
           bravest
           among
           them
           siding
           
           with
           the
           Tartars
           against
           their
           Country-men
           .
        
         
           The
           Fire
           of
           Rebellion
           being
           thus
           extinguished
           ,
           and
           Tranquility
           restored
           to
           the
           Empire
           ,
           the
           next
           care
           the
           Emperour
           took
           ,
           was
           to
           re-establish
           a
           good
           Order
           ,
           and
           suppress
           such
           Abuses
           as
           were
           crept
           into
           the
           Government
           ,
           during
           the
           Licenciousness
           of
           these
           intestine
           Wars
           ,
           in
           lieu
           of
           which
           ,
           he
           endeavoured
           to
           re-establish
           the
           antient
           Vigour
           of
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           introduce
           Plenty
           among
           his
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           he
           knew
           ,
           that
           nothing
           could
           so
           much
           conduce
           to
           the
           encompassing
           of
           this
           Design
           ,
           than
           if
           Ministers
           of
           known
           Ability
           and
           Probity
           were
           put
           in
           Offices
           of
           Trust
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Court
           and
           Provinces
           ;
           it
           was
           his
           main
           Study
           to
           chuse
           such
           as
           were
           best
           qualified
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           and
           and
           to
           encourage
           such
           in
           their
           Duty
           as
           were
           in
           Offices
           before
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           that
           the
           Constitutution
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Government
           is
           absolutely
           Monarchical
           ,
           all
           depending
           on
           One
           single
           Head.
           The
           inferiour
           Officers
           have
           their
           Dependance
           entirely
           on
           their
           Superiours
           ;
           The
           Governour
           of
           each
           City
           regulates
           alone
           all
           Affairs
           belonging
           to
           the
           City
           under
           his
           Jurisdiction
           ;
           and
           so
           does
           each
           Governour
           in
           his
           Province
           .
           This
           Form
           of
           Government
           ,
           which
           in
           it self
           considered
           ,
           is
           very
           perfect
           ,
           requires
           however
           ,
           That
           the
           Governours
           of
           Cities
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           who
           are
           invested
           with
           the
           Royal
           Authority
           ,
           be
           of
           such
           approved
           
           Integrity
           and
           Probity
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           Proof
           against
           all
           manner
           of
           Corruption
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           almost
           incredible
           ,
           what
           effectual
           Care
           the
           present
           Emperour
           takes
           in
           the
           Choice
           of
           his
           Mandarins
           ,
           especially
           those
           of
           the
           Provinces
           and
           Cities
           ;
           and
           with
           how
           watchful
           an
           eye
           he
           over-looks
           all
           their
           Transactions
           .
           He
           does
           not
           rest
           satisfied
           with
           the
           Account
           he
           receives
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           the
           Mandarins
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Persons
           that
           are
           recommended
           by
           them
           ,
           but
           he
           has
           every
           where
           his
           Spyes
           ,
           who
           furnish
           him
           with
           secret
           Intelligence
           ;
           from
           whence
           it
           comes
           ,
           that
           he
           often
           chuses
           quite
           otherwise
           ,
           and
           contrary
           to
           their
           Recommendations
           ;
           his
           Chief
           aim
           being
           to
           advance
           every
           one
           according
           to
           his
           Deserts
           .
           For
           ,
           whenever
           he
           observes
           in
           any
           one
           of
           his
           Ministers
           a
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Capacity
           ,
           he
           never
           fails
           to
           give
           him
           particular
           Marks
           of
           his
           Favour
           ,
           by
           bestowing
           upon
           him
           some
           of
           the
           most
           Eminent
           and
           Considerable
           Offices
           :
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           if
           they
           make
           the
           least
           false
           steps
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           their
           Trust
           ,
           this
           is
           sufficient
           to
           make
           them
           lose
           their
           Office
           ,
           if
           it
           reaches
           the
           Emperour's
           Ears
           ;
           But
           ,
           if
           any
           one
           be
           convicted
           of
           Bribery
           ,
           he
           is
           sure
           to
           meet
           with
           a
           Prince
           who
           is
           inexorable
           in
           that
           Point
           ,
           and
           without
           the
           least
           Respect
           to
           his
           Degree
           or
           Quality
           ,
           he
           loses
           not
           only
           his
           Place
           ,
           but
           is
           Exemplarily
           punished
           besides
           .
        
         
         
           From
           hence
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           seen
           such
           continual
           Changes
           among
           the
           Mandarins
           of
           all
           degrees
           .
           For
           ,
           within
           the
           first
           four
           Years
           ,
           whilst
           we
           tarried
           at
           Peking
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Governours
           and
           Vice-Roys
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Chief
           Members
           of
           the
           several
           Tribunals
           or
           Courts
           of
           Peking
           were
           displaced
           ;
           for
           the
           Emperour
           keeps
           so
           watchful
           an
           Eye
           over
           them
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           next
           to
           an
           impossibility
           that
           any
           of
           their
           Faults
           should
           long
           escape
           his
           Knowledge
           .
        
         
           We
           were
           no
           sooner
           arrived
           at
           this
           Court
           ,
           but
           we
           saw
           four
           Calao
           ,
           two
           Tartars
           ,
           and
           two
           Chineses
           ,
           deposed
           from
           their
           Offices
           at
           once
           ;
           as
           was
           likewise
           the
           President
           of
           the
           first
           Tribunal
           of
           the
           Six
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Supream
           Courts
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           tho'
           he
           was
           Father-in-law
           to
           the
           eldest
           Son
           of
           the
           Emperour
           .
           At
           our
           very
           first
           coming
           to
           the
           Royal
           Pallace
           ,
           we
           were
           shewn
           one
           of
           these
           beforementioned
           Calao
           ,
           sitting
           near
           one
           of
           the
           Gates
           ,
           and
           supplying
           the
           Place
           of
           a
           Common
           Sergeant
           of
           the
           Guards
           ;
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           for
           his
           Mortification
           ,
           having
           condemn'd
           him
           to
           this
           Employment
           .
        
         
           Much
           about
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           two
           or
           three
           Viceroys
           were
           brought
           to
           Peking
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           in
           Chains
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           Attendances
           ,
           and
           being
           afterwards
           convicted
           of
           having
           exacted
           Great
           Sums
           from
           the
           Province
           under
           his
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           he
           was
           condemn'd
           to
           Death
           ,
           the
           other
           Two
           escaped
           with
           loosing
           their
           Offices
           ,
           their
           
           Crimes
           being
           not
           of
           so
           high
           a
           Nature
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           next
           following
           Year
           ,
           the
           Vice-Roy
           of
           the
           Province
           of
           Tohe-Kiang
           ,
           who
           was
           always
           a
           professed
           Enemy
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           and
           did
           with
           all
           his
           Might
           oppose
           our
           Stay
           in
           China
           ,
           being
           accused
           of
           Malversation
           ,
           was
           condemned
           by
           the
           Emperour
           himself
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           be
           deprived
           of
           his
           Office
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           a
           perpetual
           Banishment
           into
           Tartary
           .
        
         
           Thus
           this
           Prince
           has
           laid
           so
           strict
           an
           Obligation
           upon
           himself
           ,
           to
           conform
           his
           Reign
           in
           all
           Respects
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           Equity
           ,
           and
           to
           advance
           none
           but
           Deserving
           Persons
           to
           any
           Places
           of
           Trust
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           scarce
           one
           Instance
           to
           be
           given
           ,
           when
           either
           out
           of
           Partiality
           or
           Self-Interest
           he
           has
           acted
           contrary
           to
           this
           so
           laudable
           a
           Resolution
           .
        
         
           Neither
           is
           it
           only
           in
           this
           particular
           Care
           of
           chusing
           well
           qualified
           Mandarins
           ,
           and
           his
           Vigilancy
           over
           their
           Actions
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour's
           Goodness
           to
           his
           People
           is
           Conspicuous
           ;
           whenever
           there
           happens
           any
           publick
           Calamity
           in
           his
           Realm
           ,
           his
           Compassion
           and
           Inquietude
           are
           most
           evident
           Proofs
           ,
           that
           he
           looks
           upon
           himself
           rather
           a
           Father
           ,
           than
           a
           Sovereign
           of
           his
           People
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           we
           saw
           our selves
           ,
           several
           Instances
           in
           two
           Years
           .
           For
           ,
           there
           happening
           a
           great
           Scarcity
           ,
           occasioned
           for
           want
           of
           Rain
           ,
           in
           some
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           had
           reduced
           the
           Inhabitants
           to
           the
           utmost
           degree
           of
           Misery
           ;
           this
           Prince
           was
           
           so
           sensibly
           touched
           with
           their
           Calamity
           ,
           that
           he
           not
           only
           remitted
           the
           whole
           Annual
           Tribute
           ,
           which
           amounts
           to
           betwixt
           thirty
           and
           forty
           Millions
           of
           Livres
           ,
           and
           caused
           the
           publick
           Granaries
           to
           be
           set
           open
           ;
           but
           he
           likewise
           ordered
           both
           Corn
           and
           Money
           to
           be
           distributed
           among
           the
           most
           Necessitous
           of
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           more
           effectually
           to
           supply
           the
           Necessities
           of
           the
           Poor
           ,
           he
           gave
           leave
           to
           such
           of
           the
           richer
           Sort
           ,
           as
           had
           qualified
           themselves
           by
           taking
           the
           necessary
           Degrees
           for
           Mandarins
           ,
           and
           had
           undergone
           the
           Examen
           ,
           to
           buy
           those
           Offices
           ,
           and
           to
           furnish
           a
           certain
           Quantity
           of
           Corn
           ,
           to
           be
           sent
           to
           these
           places
           ,
           where
           they
           stood
           most
           in
           need
           of
           it
           ;
           And
           ,
           because
           there
           flock'd
           great
           Numbers
           of
           these
           Miserable
           Wretches
           daily
           to
           Peking
           ,
           in
           hopes
           of
           finding
           some
           Means
           of
           Subsistance
           there
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           found
           out
           a
           way
           ,
           at
           once
           to
           supply
           their
           Necessities
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           something
           for
           the
           publick
           Good
           ;
           For
           he
           ordered
           them
           to
           be
           employed
           in
           re-building
           those
           Tribunals
           that
           are
           within
           the
           Precinct
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           he
           also
           prevented
           those
           Disorders
           which
           are
           the
           ordinary
           Effects
           of
           an
           idle
           Life
           .
        
         
           Upon
           the
           occasion
           of
           any
           publick
           Calamity
           ,
           he
           debars
           himself
           of
           his
           ordinary
           Divertisements
           ,
           which
           else
           he
           frequently
           takes
           at
           one
           of
           his
           two
           Royal
           Country
           Seats
           ,
           not
           far
           from
           Peking
           .
           We
           have
           seen
           him
           ,
           during
           all
           this
           Time
           of
           that
           Scarcity
           of
           Corn
           ,
           keep
           close
           in
           his
           
           Pallace
           ,
           without
           appearing
           in
           publick
           ,
           unless
           when
           he
           went
           with
           his
           whole
           Court
           to
           the
           Temple
           ,
           dedicated
           to
           the
           Sun
           ,
           there
           ,
           (
           according
           to
           antient
           Custom
           observed
           upon
           such
           like
           Occasions
           among
           the
           Chineses
           )
           to
           pray
           for
           Rain
           ,
           by
           publick
           Prayers
           and
           Sacrifices
           ,
           which
           he
           offers
           to
           the
           Supream
           Lord
           of
           Heaven
           and
           Earth
           ;
           being
           much
           more
           enlightned
           in
           this
           point
           ,
           than
           most
           of
           the
           Modern
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           being
           in
           this
           fundamental
           point
           of
           Religion
           ,
           degenerated
           from
           their
           Ancestors
           (
           as
           they
           are
           in
           many
           other
           points
           )
           ,
           do
           adore
           the
           Material
           Heavens
           in
           lieu
           of
           that
           Supream
           Intelligence
           ,
           which
           governs
           the
           Universe
           with
           an
           infinite
           Power
           ,
           Wisdom
           and
           Goodness
           .
        
         
           As
           often
           as
           this
           Prince
           takes
           his
           progress
           into
           some
           of
           his
           Provinces
           (
           which
           he
           does
           from
           time
           to
           time
           )
           on
           purpose
           to
           be
           inform'd
           concerning
           the
           true
           Condition
           of
           his
           People
           ,
           and
           in
           what
           manner
           they
           are
           Govern'd
           by
           the
           Mandarins
           ;
           it
           is
           his
           Custom
           to
           appear
           with
           a
           more
           Affable
           and
           Familiar
           Air
           than
           at
           other
           times
           ,
           and
           to
           permit
           even
           the
           meanest
           Workmen
           or
           Peasant
           to
           approach
           his
           person
           .
           He
           speaks
           to
           them
           with
           so
           much
           Affability
           and
           Sweetness
           ,
           as
           Charms
           them
           to
           the
           Heart
           ;
           and
           among
           other
           Questions
           ,
           which
           he
           commonly
           askes
           them
           ,
           he
           seldom
           fails
           to
           ask
           ,
           
             Whether
             they
             are
             satisfied
             with
             their
             present
             Governours
             .
          
           If
           he
           finds
           any
           real
           Occasion
           of
           Complaint
           against
           any
           one
           of
           the
           Mandarius
           ,
           he
           is
           sure
           to
           be
           dispossessed
           
           of
           his
           place
           immediately
           ;
           as
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           if
           his
           Conduct
           is
           recommended
           by
           the
           general
           Approbation
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           this
           is
           a
           sure
           step
           to
           higher
           Dignities
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           about
           seven
           years
           ago
           ,
           when
           the
           Emperour
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           to
           the
           Southern
           Provinces
           ,
           pass'd
           through
           Hovingan
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           large
           City
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Nan-king
           ,
           and
           the
           ordinary
           place
           of
           Residence
           of
           the
           Tsong-ho
           ,
           or
           Superintendant
           General
           of
           all
           the
           Waters
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           Canals
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Considerable
           places
           without
           the
           Court.
           This
           Tsong-ho
           ,
           being
           accused
           of
           Malversation
           in
           his
           Office
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           point
           of
           being
           displaced
           ,
           besides
           the
           paying
           of
           a
           Great
           Fine
           ;
           the
           people
           of
           this
           City
           presented
           a
           Petition
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           said
           Tsong-ho
           ,
           who
           had
           no
           sooner
           perused
           the
           Petition
           ,
           much
           in
           Commendation
           of
           this
           Mandarin
           ,
           but
           without
           taking
           any
           further
           Information
           ,
           he
           restored
           him
           immediately
           to
           his
           Office
           ;
           as
           an
           evident
           Mark
           ,
           that
           nothing
           could
           be
           able
           to
           make
           a
           more
           sensible
           Impression
           upon
           his
           Mind
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Mandarins
           ,
           than
           if
           they
           treated
           the
           people
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           considered
           by
           them
           rather
           like
           Fathers
           than
           Governours
           .
        
         
           Though
           it
           is
           beyond
           all
           Dispute
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           is
           the
           most
           potent
           Prince
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           both
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           vast
           Revenues
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           extent
           
           and
           Goodness
           of
           his
           Territories
           ;
           nevertheless
           is
           he
           a
           great
           Enemy
           to
           Luxury
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           own
           person
           ;
           being
           in
           this
           point
           an
           exact
           Observer
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Fundamental
           Laws
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Monarchy
           ,
           which
           forbids
           all
           excessive
           Expences
           in
           the
           Great
           Ones
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           himself
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           with
           relation
           to
           the
           publick
           Good.
           
        
         
           Not
           but
           that
           the
           Expences
           of
           his
           Houshold
           surpass
           without
           all
           Contradiction
           ,
           much
           those
           of
           the
           most
           Magnificent
           Courts
           of
           Europe
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           that
           almost
           innumerable
           Multitude
           of
           Officers
           and
           others
           ,
           who
           daily
           have
           their
           Subsistance
           from
           Court
           ;
           But
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           he
           is
           the
           most
           Exact
           pattern
           of
           Frugality
           and
           Modesty
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           is
           Serv'd
           at
           his
           Table
           in
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           Grandeur
           ,
           but
           in
           other
           Matters
           not
           regulated
           by
           Custom
           ,
           he
           never
           shews
           the
           least
           Inclination
           to
           Nicety
           ;
           being
           contented
           with
           ordinary
           Dishes
           ;
           and
           such
           is
           his
           Sobriety
           ,
           that
           there
           cannot
           be
           one
           Instance
           given
           when
           he
           committed
           the
           least
           Excess
           in
           that
           kind
           .
        
         
           His
           Pallace
           is
           of
           a
           vast
           Circumference
           ,
           resembling
           in
           Bigness
           a
           considerable
           City
           ,
           and
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           many
           large
           Structures
           which
           it
           contains
           ,
           and
           which
           are
           all
           covered
           with
           Tyles
           varnished
           with
           a
           Gold
           Colour
           ,
           affording
           a
           most
           Glorious
           sight
           ,
           it
           is
           no
           difficult
           matter
           to
           judge
           that
           this
           Pallace
           was
           intended
           to
           be
           the
           Seat
           of
           a
           Great
           Monarch
           ;
           But
           as
           for
           the
           Appartments
           
           and
           their
           Furnitures
           ,
           even
           not
           excepting
           the
           Emperour's
           Lodgings
           ,
           their
           Chief
           Ornament
           is
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           kept
           clean
           and
           neat
           ,
           there
           being
           nothing
           to
           be
           seen
           but
           some
           Pictures
           ,
           a
           little
           Guilding
           ,
           and
           plain
           Silk
           Hangings
           ,
           of
           which
           indeed
           there
           is
           great
           plenty
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           so
           common
           in
           China
           .
        
         
           He
           has
           built
           himself
           a
           Country-house
           ,
           about
           two
           Leagues
           distant
           from
           Peking
           ,
           where
           he
           takes
           frequently
           his
           Divertisements
           ,
           and
           retires
           thither
           for
           a
           good
           part
           of
           the
           Year
           .
           But
           besides
           two
           Great
           Cisterns
           and
           some
           Canals
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           made
           by
           his
           Orders
           ,
           there
           is
           nothing
           to
           be
           seen
           there
           that
           bears
           the
           least
           proportion
           to
           the
           Magnificence
           of
           so
           Rich
           and
           Great
           a
           Monarch
           .
           Every
           thing
           indeed
           is
           very
           Neat
           ;
           but
           in
           respect
           of
           both
           the
           Structure
           it self
           ,
           and
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Design
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           it
           does
           not
           approach
           to
           some
           Country
           Houses
           belonging
           to
           some
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           about
           Paris
           .
        
         
           His
           Modesty
           appears
           as
           well
           in
           his
           Habit
           as
           in
           all
           other
           Things
           which
           serve
           for
           his
           proper
           Use.
           For
           ,
           his
           Cloaths
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           some
           Sables
           and
           Ermins
           ,
           which
           as
           they
           are
           very
           common
           in
           this
           Court
           ,
           so
           he
           makes
           use
           of
           them
           for
           the
           Winter
           Season
           for
           Linings
           ,
           are
           of
           a
           plain
           Silk
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           common
           all
           over
           China
           ,
           that
           every
           body
           ,
           unless
           the
           poorest
           Sort
           ,
           makes
           use
           of
           them
           .
        
         
         
           In
           a
           Rainy
           day
           you
           shall
           see
           him
           sometimes
           dress'd
           in
           a
           Wollen
           Cassock
           ,
           such
           as
           is
           worn
           among
           the
           ordinary
           Sort
           of
           people
           in
           China
           ;
           so
           ,
           we
           have
           seen
           him
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Summer
           appear
           in
           a
           Habit
           made
           of
           nothing
           but
           Callicoe
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           ordinary
           Wear
           of
           the
           Chineses
           in
           their
           Houses
           .
           Unless
           it
           be
           upon
           some
           Festival
           ,
           the
           only
           thing
           which
           is
           remarkable
           and
           magnificent
           in
           his
           Habit
           ,
           is
           a
           very
           large
           Pearl
           ,
           which
           during
           the
           Summer
           Season
           he
           wears
           upon
           his
           Bonnet
           ,
           made
           after
           the
           Tartarian
           Fashion
           .
        
         
           His
           Chair
           in
           which
           he
           is
           carried
           both
           within
           and
           without
           the
           Precinct
           of
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           when
           he
           has
           no
           mind
           to
           go
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           is
           no
           more
           than
           a
           kind
           of
           a
           Litter
           ,
           made
           of
           ordinary
           Wood
           Varnish'd
           over
           ,
           adorned
           on
           the
           Corners
           with
           Copper
           plates
           ,
           or
           Guild
           Carvings
           of
           Wood.
           He
           appears
           no
           more
           Magnificent
           when
           he
           goes
           abroad
           on
           Horse-back
           ,
           the
           Trappings
           of
           his
           Horse
           having
           no
           other
           Ornament
           than
           a
           pair
           of
           Stirrups
           of
           Iron
           very
           neatly
           guilt
           ,
           and
           the
           Reins
           of
           his
           Bridle
           being
           of
           yellow
           Silk
           .
        
         
           To
           comprehend
           all
           in
           few
           words
           ,
           there
           appears
           nothing
           in
           any
           thing
           which
           belongs
           to
           his
           Person
           ,
           which
           has
           the
           least
           Resemblance
           to
           that
           Pride
           and
           Pomp
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           much
           affected
           by
           the
           other
           Asiatick
           Princes
           ;
           and
           it
           may
           be
           truly
           said
           of
           him
           ,
           That
           he
           is
           sensible
           ,
           that
           the
           true
           Lustre
           and
           Grandeur
           of
           a
           Prince
           does
           not
           consist
           so
           much
           in
           the
           exterior
           Pomp
           ,
           as
           in
           
           their
           own
           Vertues
           ;
           especially
           since
           it
           must
           be
           confess'd
           ,
           That
           ,
           as
           his
           Treasury
           is
           vastly
           Rich
           ,
           his
           Empire
           abounding
           in
           all
           manner
           of
           Things
           ,
           and
           the
           Chineses
           naturally
           inclin'd
           to
           Industry
           and
           all
           sort
           of
           Handy-works
           ,
           he
           might
           with
           as
           much
           ease
           exceed
           all
           the
           other
           Princes
           of
           Asia
           in
           Pomp
           and
           Magnificence
           ,
           as
           his
           Empire
           has
           the
           preference
           before
           theirs
           both
           in
           Extent
           and
           Riches
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           let
           the
           World
           see
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           out
           of
           Avarice
           or
           any
           sordid
           Temper
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           that
           he
           thus
           avoids
           all
           Profusedness
           and
           Luxury
           in
           Matters
           relating
           to
           his
           own
           Person
           ;
           he
           shews
           himself
           as
           Liberal
           and
           Magnificent
           in
           any
           thing
           which
           has
           respect
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           Sparing
           in
           his
           private
           Expences
           .
           He
           is
           not
           prodigal
           of
           Millions
           ,
           when
           they
           come
           in
           Competition
           with
           the
           Welfare
           of
           the
           Empire
           He
           do's
           not
           grudge
           to
           bestow
           Immense
           Sums
           in
           repairing
           the
           publick
           Edifices
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           Rivers
           ,
           Channels
           ,
           Bridges
           ,
           and
           Banks
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           Things
           ,
           which
           serve
           for
           the
           Conveniency
           of
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           Ease
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           in
           good
           Repair
           :
           From
           whence
           it
           is
           easie
           to
           judge
           ,
           that
           ,
           if
           he
           retrenches
           something
           from
           his
           superfluous
           private
           Expences
           ;
           he
           Husbands
           it
           for
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           publick
           Good
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           employ
           it
           for
           the
           more
           exigent
           Occasions
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           the
           Chief
           aim
           of
           this
           Prince
           being
           ,
           to
           be
           considered
           by
           his
           Subjects
           as
           their
           Father
           ,
           not
           their
           Master
           .
        
         
         
           Of
           this
           he
           gave
           a
           most
           Eminent
           proof
           about
           five
           years
           ago
           .
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           Soldiers
           (
           of
           whom
           there
           is
           a
           great
           Number
           at
           Peking
           )
           were
           reduced
           to
           great
           Extremity
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           Debts
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           contracted
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           Pay
           being
           scarce
           sufficient
           to
           pay
           the
           Interest
           of
           what
           they
           ow'd
           .
           This
           could
           not
           be
           imputed
           to
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           but
           the
           Ill-husbandry
           of
           the
           Soldiers
           themselves
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           of
           their
           Father's
           ;
           For
           their
           Pay
           is
           both
           very
           good
           ,
           and
           exactly
           paid
           every
           Month
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           first
           settled
           themselves
           at
           Peking
           ,
           they
           had
           Houses
           ,
           Grounds
           ,
           and
           Slaves
           allotted
           them
           ,
           sufficient
           for
           an
           honourable
           Maintenance
           ,
           every
           one
           proportionably
           to
           his
           Quality
           .
           Nevertheless
           the
           Emperour
           was
           no
           sooner
           inform'd
           concerning
           their
           present
           Condition
           ,
           but
           being
           touched
           with
           Compassion
           ,
           he
           ordered
           immediately
           their
           Accompts
           to
           be
           Stated
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           paid
           out
           of
           his
           Treasury
           ,
           the
           whole
           amounting
           to
           above
           sixteen
           Millions
           of
           Livres
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           prevent
           the
           like
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           he
           issued
           his
           Orders
           ,
           That
           no
           private
           person
           should
           presume
           to
           advance
           any
           Money
           to
           the
           Soldiers
           upon
           their
           Pay
           ,
           under
           penalty
           of
           loosing
           the
           Debt
           ;
           but
           to
           supply
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Occasions
           of
           the
           Soldiers
           in
           case
           of
           Necessity
           ;
           he
           commanded
           ,
           that
           upon
           any
           necessitous
           Occasion
           Money
           should
           be
           advanced
           them
           out
           of
           the
           Treasury
           ,
           to
           a
           certain
           limited
           
           Sum
           ,
           to
           be
           deducted
           by
           little
           and
           little
           out
           of
           their
           Pay
           ,
           without
           putting
           them
           under
           the
           necessity
           of
           paying
           Interest-Money
           ,
           or
           rather
           Extortions
           ,
           as
           are
           usually
           paid
           at
           Peking
           ,
           when
           people
           are
           droven
           to
           the
           necessity
           of
           Borrowing
           Money
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           a
           Petition
           being
           presented
           to
           him
           from
           the
           Hia
           or
           ordinary
           Mandarins
           of
           his
           Guards
           (
           of
           whom
           there
           are
           betwixt
           seven
           and
           eight
           Hundred
           )
           and
           from
           some
           other
           Officers
           belonging
           to
           his
           Houshold
           ,
           That
           they
           were
           much
           in
           Debt
           ,
           and
           begg'd
           Relief
           from
           His
           Majesty
           ;
           he
           ordered
           the
           Officers
           of
           his
           Houshold
           eight
           hundred
           Livres
           a-piece
           ,
           and
           four
           hundred
           to
           each
           of
           such
           of
           the
           inferior
           Officers
           ,
           as
           were
           unable
           to
           pay
           their
           Debts
           ,
           and
           whose
           Duty
           it
           is
           to
           Attend
           his
           Person
           in
           the
           progresses
           he
           makes
           throughout
           the
           Empire
           .
           This
           Sum
           which
           amounted
           in
           the
           whole
           to
           above
           two
           Millions
           of
           Livres
           ,
           he
           ordered
           to
           be
           paid
           out
           of
           his
           privy
           Purse
           ;
           because
           ,
           said
           he
           ,
           
             It
             would
             be
             unjust
             to
             lay
             the
             Burthen
             of
             these
             Debts
             ,
             which
             have
             been
             contracted
             by
             my
             Domestick
             Servants
             ,
             upon
             the
             Publick
             Treasury
             .
          
        
         
           This
           Extraordinary
           Generosity
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           had
           very
           near
           proved
           the
           Occasion
           of
           a
           Revolt
           among
           those
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Horse
           ,
           who
           being
           composed
           of
           Slaves
           ,
           as
           they
           could
           not
           contract
           any
           Debts
           ,
           so
           they
           had
           had
           no
           share
           in
           the
           Emperour's
           Liberality
           .
           It
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           a
           considerable
           number
           
           of
           these
           Horsemen
           entertain'd
           among
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           and
           ,
           that
           as
           their
           Pay
           is
           very
           good
           ,
           so
           they
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           maintain
           thereby
           their
           Families
           .
           Near
           five
           thousand
           of
           these
           Slaves
           assembled
           themselves
           near
           the
           Royal
           Pallace
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           present
           a
           Petition
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           begg'd
           to
           be
           included
           in
           the
           Number
           of
           those
           that
           were
           to
           receive
           such
           ample
           Marks
           of
           his
           Bounty
           .
        
         
           There
           being
           not
           one
           among
           all
           the
           Courtiers
           there
           present
           ,
           who
           shewed
           any
           Inclination
           to
           prefer
           their
           Petition
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           they
           remained
           for
           some
           time
           in
           an
           humble
           posture
           ,
           bare-headed
           and
           upon
           their
           Knees
           ,
           in
           the
           Great
           outward
           Court
           of
           the
           Pallace
           ;
           But
           being
           soon
           after
           inform'd
           by
           some
           that
           pass'd
           that
           Way
           ,
           That
           the
           Emperour
           was
           gone
           to
           take
           a
           Walk
           in
           the
           Garden
           behind
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           they
           surrounded
           the
           Garden
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           Clamour
           ,
           desired
           His
           Majesty
           to
           extend
           his
           Bounty
           to
           them
           as
           well
           as
           the
           other
           Soldiers
           ,
           they
           having
           been
           ready
           upon
           all
           Occasions
           to
           serve
           him
           ,
           and
           sacrifice
           their
           Lives
           for
           his
           Interest
           ,
           with
           the
           same
           Zeal
           as
           the
           rest
           .
           But
           the
           Emperour
           taking
           another
           way
           ,
           did
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           not
           heard
           or
           understood
           their
           Meaning
           ;
           whereupon
           some
           time
           afterwards
           ,
           word
           being
           brought
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           That
           they
           had
           forced
           the
           first
           Gate
           that
           leads
           to
           the
           Garden
           ,
           inspite
           of
           the
           Guards
           ;
           who
           were
           not
           able
           to
           resist
           their
           Number
           ,
           he
           commanded
           eight
           of
           the
           Ring-leadersto
           
           be
           seised
           instantly
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           to
           be
           beaten
           out
           of
           the
           Court
           with
           Sticks
           ;
           which
           being
           done
           accordingly
           ,
           this
           mutinous
           Rabble
           was
           dispersed
           in
           an
           instant
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           His
           Majesty
           had
           by
           this
           last
           Act
           of
           Generosity
           ,
           given
           very
           ample
           demonstrations
           of
           his
           Affection
           and
           Tenderness
           for
           the
           Soldiery
           in
           General
           ;
           so
           ,
           upon
           this
           Occasion
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           let
           them
           see
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           not
           suffer
           himself
           to
           be
           abused
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           knew
           how
           to
           punish
           their
           Insolence
           .
           For
           which
           Reason
           ,
           these
           eight
           Mutineers
           were
           ordered
           to
           be
           tryed
           before
           the
           Criminal
           Court
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           their
           Masters
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           an
           antient
           Custom
           among
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           according
           to
           which
           the
           Masters
           bare
           a
           Share
           in
           the
           punishment
           inflicted
           upon
           their
           Slaves
           ,
           in
           case
           of
           any
           Misbehaviour
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           oblige
           them
           to
           keep
           a
           watchful
           eye
           over
           their
           Slaves
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           not
           transgress
           upon
           others
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           Court
           the
           eight
           Slaves
           were
           the
           next
           day
           condemned
           to
           Death
           ,
           and
           their
           Masters
           to
           a
           perpetual
           Banishment
           into
           Tartary
           .
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           however
           extended
           his
           Mercy
           towards
           them
           in
           mitigating
           this
           Sentence
           ,
           which
           was
           only
           executed
           upon
           one
           ,
           who
           having
           been
           the
           Chief
           Ring-leader
           of
           this
           Mutiny
           ,
           was
           beheaded
           the
           same
           day
           before
           Noon
           ,
           and
           his
           Master
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Emperour
           's
           own
           Guards
           ,
           lost
           his
           place
           ,
           and
           was
           banished
           into
           the
           remotest
           parts
           of
           Tartary
           .
        
         
         
           The
           other
           seven
           escaped
           with
           being
           soundly
           Whipt
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           further
           Punishment
           were
           forced
           to
           carry
           ,
           for
           three
           Months
           after
           about
           their
           Necks
           the
           
             Chinese
             Cangve
          
           ,
           which
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           two
           thick
           Boards
           joyn'd
           together
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           like
           our
           Pillory
           Boards
           ,
           of
           about
           three
           foot
           Square
           ,
           and
           near
           eighty
           pound
           Weight
           .
        
         
           Their
           Masters
           were
           Graciously
           pardon'd
           by
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           other
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           their
           principal
           Commanders
           ,
           who
           threw
           themselves
           at
           His
           Majesty's
           feet
           ,
           excusing
           their
           Fault
           in
           not
           preventing
           the
           Design
           of
           these
           Mutineers
           ,
           and
           asking
           his
           Pardon
           ,
           ready
           to
           submit
           themselves
           to
           any
           Punishment
           he
           should
           think
           fit
           to
           inflict
           upon
           them
           for
           the
           neglect
           of
           their
           Duty
           .
           Thus
           this
           Great
           Prince
           ,
           knowing
           how
           to
           keep
           an
           equal
           Ballance
           betwixt
           Mercy
           and
           Severity
           ,
           makes
           himself
           both
           beloved
           and
           fear'd
           by
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           who
           thereby
           are
           kept
           under
           a
           most
           strict
           Obligation
           of
           performing
           their
           Duty
           .
        
         
           As
           he
           is
           in
           his
           own
           Person
           the
           greatest
           Enemy
           of
           Idleness
           and
           Laziness
           ;
           but
           the
           greatest
           Admirer
           of
           Business
           ,
           without
           being
           the
           least
           sparing
           of
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           his
           Chiefest
           Study
           to
           prevent
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           but
           especially
           the
           Tartars
           of
           the
           Race
           of
           Mantcheon
           ,
           from
           being
           ensnared
           by
           the
           Luxurious
           Life
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           being
           sensible
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           once
           were
           brought
           to
           tred
           in
           the
           footsteps
           of
           the
           Chineses
           as
           to
           this
           Point
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           very
           difficult
           
           Task
           for
           them
           to
           maintain
           themselves
           in
           China
           ,
           which
           they
           Conquered
           with
           a
           Handful
           of
           Men
           ;
           only
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           inured
           to
           all
           manner
           of
           Hardships
           ,
           as
           their
           Enemies
           were
           swallowed
           up
           in
           Luxury
           ,
           which
           had
           rendred
           them
           quite
           Effeminate
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           for
           this
           Reason
           that
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           great
           Master
           in
           the
           Politicks
           of
           this
           Government
           ,
           sends
           very
           rarely
           any
           of
           the
           Tartars
           as
           Mandarins
           to
           the
           Southern
           Provinces
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           more
           addicted
           to
           this
           Vice
           than
           in
           other
           Parts
           ;
           and
           ,
           if
           he
           is
           sometimes
           obliged
           to
           send
           some
           thither
           ,
           he
           recalls
           them
           as
           soon
           as
           possibly
           he
           can
           .
           'T
           is
           for
           the
           same
           Reason
           of
           State
           ,
           that
           he
           goes
           so
           frequently
           abroad
           a
           Hunting
           ;
           and
           that
           almost
           every
           year
           he
           takes
           once
           ,
           if
           not
           twice
           ,
           a
           Progress
           into
           the
           Mountainous
           parts
           of
           Turtary
           .
        
         
           For
           ,
           his
           Guards
           and
           Officers
           of
           the
           Houshold
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           most
           of
           the
           Great
           Men
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           or
           Chief
           Commanders
           of
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           other
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Peking
           ,
           being
           obliged
           by
           their
           Places
           (
           at
           least
           each
           in
           his
           Turn
           ,
           )
           to
           attend
           the
           Emperour's
           Person
           wherever
           he
           goes
           ;
           it
           is
           upon
           these
           Occasions
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           Example
           ,
           he
           animates
           them
           to
           endure
           the
           Fatigues
           of
           the
           Campaign
           ,
           and
           to
           follow
           him
           wherever
           he
           leads
           the
           Way
           ,
           where
           he
           is
           sure
           never
           to
           be
           sparing
           of
           his
           Person
           .
        
         
         
           For
           in
           these
           Progresses
           you
           shall
           see
           him
           appear
           in
           a
           very
           common
           Habit
           ,
           sometimes
           a
           whole
           day
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           traversing
           the
           Mountains
           and
           Forrests
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           tires
           sometimes
           nine
           or
           ten
           Horses
           in
           a
           day
           ;
           and
           oftentimes
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           disposition
           of
           the
           Ground
           ,
           does
           not
           grudge
           to
           march
           on
           foot
           for
           a
           considerable
           time
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           returns
           at
           Night
           to
           his
           Tent
           ,
           he
           is
           so
           far
           from
           taking
           any
           Repose
           ,
           that
           he
           first
           dispatches
           all
           Matters
           beforehim
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           in
           his
           Pallace
           at
           Peking
           .
           He
           peruses
           and
           takes
           an
           Account
           of
           all
           Petitions
           laid
           before
           him
           ,
           without
           delay
           ,
           which
           oftentimes
           takes
           up
           good
           part
           of
           the
           Night
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           spares
           these
           hours
           from
           his
           Sleep
           ,
           which
           he
           has
           employed
           in
           the
           Day-time
           for
           his
           Diversion
           .
           And
           it
           is
           observable
           ,
           that
           he
           leads
           this
           sort
           of
           Life
           not
           for
           four
           or
           five
           days
           only
           ,
           but
           sometimes
           for
           three
           or
           four
           Months
           together
           ,
           without
           Intermission
           .
        
         
           Father
           Gerbillon
           ,
           who
           among
           all
           the
           Iesuits
           attends
           him
           most
           frequently
           in
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           has
           attested
           to
           me
           ,
           That
           he
           has
           seen
           him
           often
           all
           covered
           with
           Dust
           and
           Sweat
           ,
           continue
           the
           Chase
           ,
           without
           changing
           his
           Linen
           or
           Cloaths
           after
           they
           came
           to
           the
           appointed
           Place
           of
           rest
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           has
           seen
           him
           for
           several
           Hours
           together
           ,
           sitting
           and
           exposing
           himself
           to
           the
           Heat
           of
           the
           Rays
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           without
           an
           Umbrello
           ,
           which
           constantly
           attend
           him
           wherever
           he
           stirs
           ,
           in
           great
           Numbers
           .
        
         
         
           I
           have
           heard
           the
           same
           Author
           ,
           Gerbillon
           ,
           relate
           it
           to
           others
           of
           our
           Society
           ,
           That
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           at
           a
           great
           distance
           from
           Peking
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           and
           his
           Court
           were
           forced
           to
           pitch
           their
           Tents
           in
           a
           place
           where
           it
           was
           very
           difficult
           to
           be
           supplied
           with
           any
           other
           Provisions
           ,
           but
           what
           the
           Place
           afforded
           ,
           so
           ,
           that
           most
           of
           his
           Retinue
           were
           forced
           to
           be
           contented
           with
           Beef
           and
           Mutton
           ,
           of
           which
           you
           meet
           with
           good
           Store
           in
           Tartary
           .
           The
           Emperour
           ,
           to
           let
           them
           see
           ,
           that
           at
           this
           Juncture
           ,
           he
           could
           live
           and
           be
           satisfied
           with
           what
           the
           rest
           had
           ,
           ordered
           ,
           That
           nothing
           but
           Beef
           and
           Mutton
           should
           be
           Serv'd
           upon
           his
           Table
           ,
           till
           such
           time
           that
           they
           receiv'd
           new
           Supplies
           of
           Provisions
           ,
           sufficient
           for
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Attendance
           ,
        
         
           By
           these
           Means
           he
           encourages
           his
           Subjects
           to
           use
           themselves
           to
           undergo
           all
           sorts
           of
           Fatigues
           ,
           being
           never
           sparing
           of
           his
           own
           Person
           upon
           such
           like
           Occasions
           ;
           as
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           he
           is
           sure
           to
           lay
           some
           Mortification
           or
           other
           upon
           those
           ,
           whom
           he
           finds
           addicted
           to
           an
           Idle
           and
           Lazy
           Life
           .
        
         
           For
           which
           reason
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           Children
           of
           the
           Chief
           Men
           of
           his
           Court
           ,
           of
           the
           Tartarian
           Race
           ,
           or
           of
           those
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           have
           espoused
           their
           Interest
           ,
           from
           embracing
           an
           idle
           Life
           ,
           he
           makes
           it
           his
           constant
           Custom
           to
           prefer
           them
           to
           such
           places
           as
           are
           not
           to
           be
           Officiated
           without
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Trouble
           .
        
         
         
           So
           soon
           as
           they
           are
           of
           a
           fit
           Age
           to
           go
           abroad
           ,
           he
           makes
           them
           take
           care
           and
           lead
           his
           Hounds
           ,
           when
           he
           goes
           a
           Hunting
           ;
           others
           he
           employs
           in
           managing
           his
           Hawks
           and
           other
           Birds
           of
           Prey
           .
           Some
           are
           employed
           in
           boiling
           Tea
           and
           other
           Dishes
           for
           his
           Use
           ,
           and
           in
           Serving
           them
           at
           his
           Table
           ;
           some
           in
           making
           Bows
           and
           Arrows
           for
           his
           own
           and
           his
           Son's
           Use.
           Those
           who
           are
           to
           be
           preferr'd
           before
           others
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           Great
           Quality
           ,
           or
           on
           whom
           the
           Emperour
           intends
           to
           bestow
           some
           particular
           Favour
           ,
           are
           made
           Mandarins
           of
           his
           Guards
           ,
           who
           lead
           a
           very
           Toilsome
           Life
           ,
           being
           obliged
           by
           their
           Station
           to
           be
           upon
           the
           Guard
           both
           Day
           and
           Night
           ,
           at
           least
           one
           day
           in
           six
           ,
           to
           attend
           every
           Morning
           early
           at
           Court
           ,
           and
           to
           follow
           the
           Emperour
           in
           his
           Progresses
           .
        
         
           As
           they
           are
           commonly
           chosen
           out
           of
           those
           who
           have
           considerable
           Fortunes
           to
           expect
           from
           their
           Parents
           or
           Kindred
           ;
           so
           they
           are
           the
           better
           qualified
           to
           bear
           the
           Expences
           of
           these
           Journeys
           ,
           which
           are
           very
           chargeable
           ,
           and
           would
           be
           the
           ruine
           of
           People
           of
           Moderate
           Estates
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           number
           of
           Horses
           and
           Servants
           they
           are
           obliged
           to
           carry
           along
           with
           them
           ,
           when
           they
           are
           a
           Hunting
           in
           remote
           places
           ,
           where
           meeting
           sometimes
           with
           inhabitable
           Desarts
           ,
           they
           are
           forced
           to
           provide
           themselves
           aforehand
           with
           all
           manner
           of
           Necessaries
           for
           their
           Sustenance
           and
           Conveniency
           .
        
         
         
           Besides
           ,
           that
           thereby
           these
           young
           Gentlemen
           are
           inured
           to
           all
           manner
           of
           Fatigues
           and
           Hardships
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           likewise
           reaps
           this
           Advantage
           by
           their
           constant
           Attendance
           upon
           his
           Person
           ,
           to
           meet
           with
           frequent
           Opportunities
           to
           approve
           their
           Ability
           ;
           according
           to
           which
           they
           are
           afterwards
           Advanced
           to
           the
           most
           Eminent
           Dignities
           in
           the
           Empire
           .
        
         
           All
           these
           beforementioned
           Qualifications
           ,
           would
           questionless
           be
           judged
           more
           than
           sufficient
           among
           other
           Nations
           ,
           to
           place
           this
           Prince
           among
           the
           most
           Famous
           Hero's
           ;
           But
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           measure
           the
           Ability
           and
           Qualifications
           of
           Great
           Persons
           to
           be
           entrusted
           with
           the
           Management
           of
           publick
           Affairs
           ,
           by
           their
           Skill
           and
           Knowledge
           in
           all
           manner
           of
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           would
           scarce
           look
           upon
           him
           ,
           (
           as
           they
           do
           )
           as
           one
           of
           the
           Greatest
           Monarchs
           that
           ever
           ascended
           the
           Chinese
           Throne
           ,
           if
           he
           were
           not
           as
           well
           Accomplished
           in
           this
           ,
           as
           in
           other
           Matters
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           without
           question
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           reason
           ,
           than
           to
           conform
           himself
           to
           the
           predominant
           Genius
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Nation
           ,
           that
           he
           applied
           himself
           with
           so
           much
           Assiduity
           to
           the
           Study
           of
           all
           the
           Learning
           and
           Sciences
           in
           vogue
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           few
           Books
           of
           Note
           in
           that
           Language
           ,
           but
           what
           he
           has
           taken
           the
           pains
           to
           peruse
           .
        
         
           He
           has
           got
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Works
           of
           Confucius
           by
           heart
           ;
           these
           being
           considered
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           as
           the
           Originals
           
           of
           all
           their
           Sacred
           Books
           ,
           and
           reverenced
           as
           such
           .
           To
           attain
           to
           a
           more
           perfect
           understanding
           of
           all
           the
           most
           difficult
           Passages
           therein
           contained
           ,
           he
           has
           caused
           certain
           Commentaries
           to
           be
           made
           upon
           them
           for
           his
           own
           Use
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Chinese
           and
           Tartarian
           Languages
           ,
           by
           the
           most
           Able
           Doctors
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           many
           of
           whom
           were
           employed
           for
           ten
           or
           twelve
           Years
           together
           ,
           to
           bring
           this
           Work
           to
           perfection
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           explain
           the
           Text
           to
           the
           Emperour
           .
           The
           better
           to
           shew
           his
           Veneration
           for
           this
           most
           antient
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           he
           did
           compose
           the
           Prefaces
           himself
           ,
           which
           were
           put
           before
           each
           of
           these
           Commentaries
           ,
           and
           published
           by
           his
           Authority
           .
        
         
           He
           likewise
           caused
           the
           Universal
           History
           of
           China
           ,
           to
           be
           Translated
           into
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ;
           and
           the
           first
           Translation
           not
           being
           so
           exact
           in
           all
           its
           parts
           as
           he
           desired
           ,
           he
           ordered
           a
           second
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           which
           as
           it
           was
           more
           perfect
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           augmented
           with
           some
           additional
           Notes
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           understanding
           of
           some
           difficult
           passages
           .
           He
           is
           so
           absolute
           a
           Master
           of
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           this
           History
           ,
           that
           ,
           notwithstanding
           its
           vast
           extent
           ,
           you
           can
           scarce
           mention
           any
           passage
           in
           it
           ,
           but
           what
           occurs
           immediately
           to
           his
           Memory
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           we
           had
           the
           opportunity
           to
           observe
           a
           most
           remarkable
           Instance
           about
           six
           years
           ago
           .
           The
           Emperour
           had
           ordered
           a
           certain
           Inscription
           to
           be
           made
           upon
           the
           Tomb
           of
           his
           Uncle
           on
           the
           Mothers-side
           ,
           
           who
           had
           not
           long
           before
           lost
           his
           Life
           in
           a
           Battle
           sought
           in
           Tartary
           against
           the
           King
           of
           Eluth
           ,
           who
           is
           one
           of
           the
           West-Tartarian
           Princes
           ,
           and
           had
           with
           a
           considerable
           Force
           invaded
           the
           Frontiers
           of
           China
           .
        
         
           The
           Doctor
           who
           was
           pitch'd
           upon
           to
           compose
           it
           ,
           and
           who
           was
           look'd
           upon
           as
           one
           of
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Imperial
           College
           ,
           had
           ;
           by
           what
           mistake
           ,
           I
           know
           not
           ,
           made
           a
           comparison
           betwixt
           this
           Uncle
           of
           the
           Emperour
           and
           a
           Famous
           General
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           in
           effect
           ,
           had
           deservedly
           acquired
           the
           Reputation
           of
           a
           Brave
           and
           Great
           ,
           General
           ;
           but
           ,
           who
           besides
           other
           ill
           Qualities
           ,
           was
           stigmatiz'd
           for
           want
           of
           Loyalty
           to
           his
           Prince
           :
           As
           for
           the
           rest
           ,
           the
           whole
           was
           extreamly
           well
           done
           ,
           so
           it
           met
           with
           the
           general
           Approbation
           of
           all
           the
           Doctors
           ,
           who
           were
           to
           revise
           it
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           President
           of
           the
           College
           himself
           ,
           who
           being
           at
           the
           same
           time
           President
           of
           the
           Tribunal
           of
           Rites
           ,
           did
           present
           it
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           always
           takes
           notice
           of
           any
           thing
           of
           Moment
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           had
           escaped
           the
           Sagacity
           of
           so
           many
           Learned
           Doctors
           ,
           who
           are
           considered
           here
           as
           Oracles
           of
           all
           the
           Sciences
           known
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           and
           who
           by
           their
           Profession
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           particularly
           well
           vers'd
           in
           History
           ,
           was
           at
           first
           sight
           discovered
           by
           the
           Emperour
           .
           For
           ,
           this
           Prince
           ,
           recalling
           to
           his
           Memory
           ,
           beyond
           what
           all
           the
           rest
           had
           done
           ,
           the
           Defects
           charged
           upon
           this
           General
           in
           the
           Chinese
           History
           ,
           who
           had
           lived
           above
           two
           thousand
           
           years
           before
           ;
           and
           being
           sensible
           that
           this
           Comparison
           would
           rather
           tend
           to
           the
           Dishonour
           of
           his
           Uncle
           ,
           than
           to
           transmit
           his
           Great
           Name
           to
           posterity
           ;
           after
           he
           had
           strictly
           examined
           all
           the
           Circumstances
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           punish
           this
           Oversight
           in
           the
           Doctor
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Inscription
           ,
           by
           Banishing
           him
           into
           the
           Province
           of
           Leaotong
           ;
           and
           the
           President
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           Revising
           of
           it
           ,
           with
           the
           Loss
           of
           his
           Place
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           is
           likewise
           well
           vers'd
           both
           in
           the
           Rhetorick
           and
           Poetry
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           being
           a
           nice
           Judge
           both
           of
           the
           Chinese
           and
           Tartarian
           Languages
           ;
           both
           which
           he
           writes
           in
           with
           the
           greatest
           Exactness
           imaginable
           ,
           and
           excels
           in
           Politeness
           of
           his
           Speech
           ,
           the
           most
           refined
           of
           all
           his
           Courtiers
           .
           To
           be
           short
           ,
           there
           is
           not
           any
           kind
           of
           Learning
           in
           China
           ,
           but
           what
           he
           is
           a
           Great
           Master
           of
           .
           He
           is
           very
           Curious
           in
           his
           Library
           ,
           which
           is
           composed
           of
           all
           the
           Valuable
           Books
           to
           be
           met
           with
           in
           the
           whole
           Empire
           ;
           and
           many
           of
           approved
           Ability
           are
           employed
           ,
           to
           search
           in
           all
           places
           after
           good
           Books
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           the
           Emperour
           frequently
           chuses
           such
           ,
           as
           he
           judges
           fit
           to
           have
           a
           place
           in
           his
           Library
           .
        
         
           Besides
           these
           ,
           there
           are
           many
           others
           ,
           whose
           constant
           Business
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           Translate
           the
           best
           Chinese
           Books
           into
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           great
           Addition
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           and
           a
           vast
           Advantage
           especially
           to
           the
           Tartars
           of
           Mantchou
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           
           Missionaries
           ,
           they
           being
           not
           well
           vers'd
           in
           the
           Chinese
           Characters
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           great
           variety
           ,
           could
           otherwise
           not
           attain
           to
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           their
           best
           Books
           ,
           without
           applying
           themselves
           for
           several
           years
           to
           that
           Study
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           Conveniency
           of
           these
           Translations
           ,
           (
           easie
           to
           be
           understood
           in
           comparison
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           )
           they
           apprehend
           without
           any
           great
           difficulty
           .
        
         
           The
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           are
           not
           the
           only
           Delight
           of
           this
           Prince
           ;
           for
           as
           he
           judges
           with
           the
           greatest
           Nicety
           and
           Exactness
           of
           every
           thing
           he
           thinks
           worth
           his
           taking
           notice
           of
           ;
           so
           there
           is
           not
           any
           Science
           in
           Europe
           ,
           that
           ever
           came
           to
           his
           Knowledge
           ,
           but
           he
           shewed
           a
           great
           Inclination
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           it
           .
           The
           first
           Occasion
           which
           had
           a
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Influence
           upon
           his
           Mind
           ,
           happened
           (
           as
           he
           was
           pleased
           to
           tell
           us
           himself
           )
           upon
           a
           Difference
           arisen
           betwixt
           
             Yang
             quansien
          
           ,
           the
           Famous
           Author
           of
           the
           last
           Persecution
           in
           China
           ,
           and
           Father
           
             Ferdinand
             Verbiest
          
           ,
           of
           the
           Society
           of
           Iesus
           .
           The
           Dispute
           was
           concerning
           the
           Chinese
           Astronomy
           ,
           which
           this
           Impostor
           maintain'd
           to
           be
           very
           perfect
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           want
           any
           Reformation
           from
           the
           European
           Astronomers
           ,
           tho'
           it
           was
           well
           known
           ,
           that
           he
           understood
           neither
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           President
           of
           the
           Mathematical
           Tribunal
           ;
           but
           for
           his
           Advancement
           to
           this
           Dignity
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           so
           much
           beholding
           to
           his
           Ability
           ,
           
           as
           to
           his
           perversed
           Zeal
           for
           the
           antient
           Rites
           of
           his
           Country
           and
           Religion
           ,
           in
           opposition
           to
           those
           who
           endeavoured
           to
           spread
           the
           Christian
           Doctrine
           among
           the
           Chineses
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           which
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Chief
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           who
           were
           not
           well
           vers'd
           in
           Matters
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           and
           prepossessed
           with
           a
           good
           Opinion
           of
           things
           in
           relation
           to
           their
           Native
           Country
           .
           Those
           also
           who
           were
           Members
           of
           the
           Mathematical
           Tribunal
           ,
           jealous
           of
           their
           own
           Reputation
           ;
           and
           looking
           upon
           it
           as
           a
           signal
           Affront
           to
           see
           themselves
           Corrected
           by
           Foreigners
           ,
           did
           with
           all
           their
           Main
           and
           Might
           espouse
           Yang-quang
           sien's
           Quarrel
           .
           Some
           few
           Persons
           of
           Authority
           and
           Credit
           there
           were
           ,
           who
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           regard
           to
           their
           own
           Interest
           ,
           frequently
           declared
           in
           all
           places
           wherever
           there
           was
           the
           least
           Opportunity
           ,
           That
           the
           Calculations
           of
           the
           Ephemerides
           made
           by
           the
           European
           Fathers
           Missionaries
           ,
           were
           always
           conformable
           to
           the
           most
           exact
           Observations
           they
           could
           make
           ;
           whereas
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           the
           Calculations
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           founded
           upon
           the
           Principles
           of
           their
           Astronomy
           ,
           proved
           always
           defective
           ,
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           was
           then
           scarce
           seventeen
           years
           of
           Age
           ;
           and
           there
           was
           at
           that
           time
           a
           grand
           Combination
           of
           all
           the
           Tribunals
           against
           the
           European
           Astronomy
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           General
           Assembly
           ,
           held
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           resolved
           to
           request
           the
           
           Emperour
           to
           give
           a
           Decisive
           Sentence
           in
           Favour
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Astronomy
           .
           But
           he
           proceeded
           with
           more
           Caution
           in
           this
           Matter
           ,
           than
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           his
           Age
           ;
           For
           being
           resolved
           to
           take
           cognizance
           of
           the
           Matter
           himself
           ,
           and
           to
           stop
           the
           Mouth
           of
           all
           the
           vain
           Pretenders
           to
           this
           Noble
           Science
           ,
           he
           sent
           both
           to
           Father
           Verbiest
           and
           
             Yang-quang
             sien
          
           ,
           who
           appearing
           in
           the
           Council
           to
           give
           an
           account
           of
           what
           was
           to
           be
           proposed
           to
           them
           ,
           he
           asked
           them
           in
           publick
           ,
           whether
           they
           could
           by
           some
           Experriment
           or
           other
           make
           it
           appear
           to
           the
           Eye
           ,
           which
           of
           these
           two
           Astronomers
           was
           the
           most
           exact
           in
           its
           Calculations
           ?
           
             Yang-quang
             sien
          
           stood
           mute
           ,
           but
           Father
           Verbiest
           offered
           to
           the
           Emperour
           .
           That
           if
           His
           Majesty
           would
           appoint
           a
           Stick
           to
           be
           given
           of
           what
           length
           he
           pleased
           ,
           that
           he
           and
           
             Yang-quang
             sien
          
           would
           endeavour
           to
           determine
           exactly
           in
           what
           place
           the
           Shadow
           of
           it
           must
           fall
           the
           next
           day
           at
           Noon
           .
           The
           Emperour
           having
           approved
           of
           this
           Proposition
           ,
           and
           fixed
           a
           certain
           Stick
           ,
           Father
           Verbiest
           immediately
           went
           to
           work
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Calculation
           demonstrated
           in
           what
           place
           the
           Shadow
           must
           fall
           precisely
           at
           Noon
           the
           next
           day
           .
           Father
           
           Verbiest's
           Calculation
           having
           been
           fully
           proved
           by
           the
           Event
           ,
           and
           Yang-quangsien
           not
           being
           able
           to
           calculate
           it
           ,
           or
           to
           give
           any
           other
           Ocular
           demonstration
           of
           what
           was
           proposed
           to
           him
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           declared
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           European
           Astronomy
           .
        
         
         
           Soon
           after
           he
           ordered
           several
           more
           demonstration
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           which
           of
           these
           two
           Calculations
           was
           the
           most
           proper
           for
           the
           Ephemerides
           and
           Observations
           of
           the
           Ecclipses
           ;
           and
           which
           His
           Majesty
           caused
           to
           be
           present
           ,
           not
           only
           the
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Tribunal
           of
           Rites
           ,
           but
           also
           several
           of
           the
           Great
           Men
           of
           his
           Court
           ,
           in
           whom
           he
           confided
           most
           ,
           and
           from
           whom
           he
           expected
           to
           receive
           an
           exact
           Account
           of
           every
           thing
           that
           should
           be
           transacted
           in
           this
           Affair
           .
           Accordingly
           all
           these
           Observations
           having
           been
           found
           conformable
           in
           all
           respects
           to
           the
           European
           Calculations
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           commanded
           that
           they
           should
           be
           received
           ,
           and
           made
           use
           of
           in
           China
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Translation
           made
           by
           Father
           
             Adam
             Shall
          
           ,
           into
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           ,
           under
           the
           last
           Emperour's
           Reign
           ,
           which
           accordingly
           was
           put
           in
           execution
           ,
           and
           continues
           thus
           to
           this
           day
           .
        
         
           As
           this
           Tryal
           of
           Skill
           in
           the
           Mathematicks
           was
           the
           first
           Occasion
           that
           introduced
           the
           Father
           Missionaries
           into
           the
           Emperour's
           acquaintance
           ;
           so
           from
           that
           time
           ,
           he
           always
           shew'd
           a
           great
           inclination
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           Mathematical
           Sciences
           ,
           which
           in
           effect
           ,
           are
           in
           great
           Esteeem
           among
           the
           Chineses
           .
           It
           is
           to
           be
           admired
           ,
           that
           ,
           being
           then
           of
           Age
           ,
           which
           Princes
           and
           Great
           Personages
           seldom
           are
           seen
           to
           addict
           to
           Study
           ,
           he
           did
           apply
           himself
           to
           it
           with
           so
           much
           Assiduity
           ,
           that
           he
           made
           it
           his
           Chiefest
           Delight
           ,
           sacrificing
           all
           his
           spare
           Hours
           to
           this
           Study
           .
        
         
         
           During
           the
           space
           of
           two
           Years
           ,
           Father
           Verbiest
           instructed
           him
           in
           the
           Usefulness
           of
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           and
           in
           what
           else
           was
           most
           Curious
           in
           Geometry
           ,
           the
           Statique
           ,
           and
           Astronomy
           ;
           for
           which
           purpose
           he
           wrote
           several
           Treatises
           .
           It
           was
           also
           about
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           that
           he
           took
           first
           to
           our
           Musick
           ,
           under
           the
           Tuition
           of
           Father
           Peyrera
           ,
           who
           not
           only
           composed
           an
           entire
           Treatise
           of
           Musick
           ,
           but
           also
           caused
           several
           European
           Instruments
           to
           be
           made
           for
           the
           Emperour's
           use
           ;
           upon
           some
           of
           which
           ,
           he
           taught
           him
           to
           play
           some
           Tunes
           .
        
         
           The
           civil
           Commotions
           ,
           which
           happened
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           did
           somewhat
           interrupt
           ,
           but
           not
           suppress
           his
           first
           Attempts
           of
           this
           kind
           .
           For
           ,
           he
           employed
           some
           of
           his
           spare
           Hours
           ,
           (
           notwithstanding
           his
           continual
           Fatigues
           and
           Business
           ,
           the
           effects
           of
           these
           remarkable
           Revolutions
           which
           happened
           in
           China
           )
           to
           the
           repetition
           of
           these
           things
           he
           had
           learned
           before
           ;
           and
           the
           Flames
           of
           these
           Intestine
           Broils
           ,
           being
           happily
           extinguished
           by
           his
           Prudence
           ;
           and
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           Chinese
           and
           Tartarian
           Race
           ,
           enjoying
           the
           Fruits
           of
           Peace
           and
           Tranquility
           ,
           by
           the
           Peace
           concluded
           about
           seven
           or
           eight
           years
           ago
           ,
           with
           the
           Muscovites
           ;
           it
           was
           then
           that
           this
           Prince
           began
           to
           give
           fresh
           demonstrations
           of
           his
           Desire
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           European
           Sciences
           .
        
         
         
           He
           did
           the
           Honour
           to
           us
           four
           Iesuits
           ,
           Missionaries
           then
           at
           Peking
           ,
           to
           receive
           our
           Instructions
           ,
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Chinese
           ,
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ;
           but
           ,
           as
           the
           Tartarian
           is
           not
           so
           difficult
           as
           the
           Chinese
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           being
           inform'd
           ,
           that
           Father
           Gerbillon
           and
           I
           ,
           in
           about
           eight
           Months
           time
           ,
           had
           made
           so
           much
           Advancement
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           understood
           tolerably
           well
           ;
           he
           was
           pleased
           to
           make
           use
           of
           us
           ,
           to
           explain
           to
           him
           the
           Principles
           of
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           in
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           .
           The
           better
           to
           accomplish
           our selves
           ,
           he
           assigned
           us
           certain
           Masters
           for
           a
           Month
           together
           ,
           who
           taught
           us
           every
           day
           in
           the
           Tribunal
           of
           the
           Great
           Masters
           of
           the
           Pallace
           .
        
         
           Much
           about
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           Father
           
             Anthony
             Thomas
          
           ,
           did
           give
           him
           further
           Instructions
           concerning
           the
           Use
           of
           the
           best
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           in
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           ,
           and
           the
           practical
           Part
           of
           Geometry
           and
           Arithmatick
           ,
           the
           principles
           of
           which
           he
           had
           formerly
           been
           taught
           by
           Father
           Verbiest
           .
           He
           would
           also
           have
           us
           explain
           him
           the
           Elements
           of
           Euclid
           in
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ,
           being
           desirous
           to
           be
           well
           instructed
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           looking
           upon
           them
           to
           be
           the
           Foundation
           ,
           upon
           which
           to
           build
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
           That
           every
           thing
           might
           be
           done
           with
           as
           much
           Ease
           and
           Conveniency
           as
           could
           be
           wish'd
           for
           ,
           he
           assigned
           us
           a
           certain
           large
           Appartment
           in
           the
           Pallace
           belonging
           to
           the
           late
           Emperour
           ,
           his
           Father
           is
           Lodgings
           ;
           
           where
           ,
           he
           himself
           used
           frequently
           to
           dine
           ,
           and
           pass
           many
           Hours
           in
           the
           Day
           ,
           before
           we
           were
           well
           in
           possession
           of
           it
           .
           Here
           we
           were
           furnished
           plentifully
           with
           every
           thing
           we
           stood
           in
           need
           of
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           a
           most
           obliging
           manner
           in
           the
           World.
           For
           every
           Morning
           early
           ,
           we
           were
           attended
           ,
           and
           carried
           to
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           Servants
           and
           Horses
           ,
           and
           were
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           conducted
           back
           to
           our
           Lodgings
           every
           Night
           .
           Two
           Mandarins
           of
           his
           Houshold
           ,
           well
           vers'd
           in
           both
           Languages
           ,
           were
           appointed
           on
           purpose
           to
           Assist
           us
           in
           our
           Works
           ,
           and
           as
           many
           Scribes
           as
           we
           pleased
           ,
           to
           write
           every
           thing
           fair
           .
           There
           scarce
           pass'd
           a
           day
           ,
           but
           we
           were
           call'd
           in
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           heard
           our
           Lessons
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Attention
           ,
           and
           oftentimes
           he
           would
           bestow
           whole
           Hours
           together
           in
           our
           Company
           ,
           to
           hear
           and
           repeat
           our
           Explications
           ;
           to
           make
           the
           Figures
           himself
           ,
           and
           ask
           many
           Questions
           concerning
           what
           remain'd
           as
           yet
           doubtful
           ;
           and
           when
           we
           had
           given
           our
           Resolutions
           ,
           both
           by
           way
           ,
           and
           Mouth
           ,
           and
           in
           Writing
           ,
           he
           would
           bestow
           much
           of
           his
           leisure
           Time
           ,
           to
           make
           his
           Repetitions
           in
           private
           .
        
         
           He
           did
           not
           neglect
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           exercise
           himself
           frequently
           in
           the
           Calculations
           and
           Use
           of
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           re-iterated
           Repetitions
           of
           the
           chiefest
           ,
           Propositions
           of
           Euclid
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           imprint
           into
           his
           Mind
           their
           Demonstration
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           extraordinary
           Application
           ,
           
           he
           made
           the
           Elements
           of
           Euclid
           familiar
           to
           himself
           in
           five
           or
           six
           Months
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           shew
           him
           any
           Mathematical
           Draught
           or
           Figure
           ,
           having
           relation
           to
           any
           of
           the
           Propositions
           of
           Euclid
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           immediately
           remembred
           both
           the
           Proposition
           and
           its
           Demonstration
           ;
           having
           (
           as
           he
           was
           pleased
           to
           tell
           us
           himself
           ;
           I
           read
           them
           over
           at
           least
           twelve
           times
           one
           after
           another
           .
           We
           did
           Translate
           all
           the
           most
           necessary
           Propositions
           of
           Euclid
           ,
           and
           their
           Demonstrations
           into
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ,
           for
           his
           use
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           choicest
           of
           
           Archimede's
           Propositions
           And
           with
           the
           same
           Readiness
           he
           would
           remember
           the
           Practick
           and
           use
           of
           the
           Compass
           of
           Proportion
           ,
           of
           the
           best
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           of
           Geometry
           and
           Arithmatick
           .
        
         
           Such
           was
           his
           eager
           Desire
           to
           attain
           to
           the
           perfect
           Knowledge
           of
           these
           Things
           ,
           that
           nothing
           was
           able
           to
           prevent
           or
           hinder
           his
           Resolution
           ;
           neither
           the
           various
           Instances
           that
           occur
           in
           this
           Study
           ,
           nor
           our
           want
           of
           Skill
           in
           the
           Language
           .
           For
           ,
           if
           he
           with
           any
           demonstration
           which
           he
           did
           not
           well
           apprehend
           at
           first
           ,
           either
           because
           it
           was
           more
           intricate
           than
           the
           rest
           ,
           or
           because
           we
           wanted
           proper
           words
           to
           explain
           our selves
           clearly
           in
           a
           foreign
           Language
           ,
           he
           would
           readily
           ask
           sometimes
           one
           ,
           sometimes
           another
           of
           us
           ,
           and
           that
           at
           three
           or
           four
           several
           times
           ,
           which
           way
           the
           same
           was
           to
           be
           understood
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           happened
           sometimes
           that
           we
           had
           not
           the
           good
           fortune
           
           to
           give
           him
           a
           clear
           Idea
           of
           the
           matter
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           grudge
           to
           defer
           the
           further
           Explication
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           another
           time
           ,
           a
           convincing
           Instance
           of
           his
           most
           Admirable
           Patience
           and
           Attention
           .
           He
           was
           pleased
           to
           tell
           us
           one
           time
           upon
           this
           account
           ,
           speaking
           of
           his
           own
           Person
           ;
           that
           he
           never
           thought
           he
           could
           have
           too
           much
           patience
           in
           reference
           of
           these
           Matters
           ,
           which
           absolutely
           requir'd
           it
           ;
           and
           ,
           that
           from
           his
           very
           Infancy
           ,
           he
           had
           always
           applied
           himself
           ,
           to
           whatever
           he
           undertook
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Attention
           and
           Constancy
           .
        
         
           After
           he
           was
           sufficiently
           instructed
           in
           the
           Elements
           of
           Geometry
           ,
           he
           ordered
           us
           to
           compile
           a
           whole
           System
           of
           both
           the
           Theorick
           and
           Practick
           of
           Geometry
           ,
           in
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ,
           which
           we
           afterwards
           explain'd
           to
           him
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           as
           we
           had
           done
           with
           the
           Elements
           of
           Euclid
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           Father
           Thomas
           made
           a
           Collection
           of
           all
           the
           Calculations
           of
           Geometry
           and
           Arithmaticks
           (
           in
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           )
           containing
           most
           of
           the
           Curious
           Problems
           extant
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           European
           and
           Chinese
           Books
           ,
           that
           treat
           of
           this
           matter
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           so
           much
           delighted
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           that
           besides
           betwixt
           two
           and
           three
           Hours
           ,
           which
           were
           set
           aside
           every
           day
           on
           purpose
           to
           be
           spent
           in
           our
           Company
           ,
           he
           bestowed
           most
           of
           his
           leisure
           time
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           day
           and
           at
           night
           in
           his
           Studies
           .
           'T
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           That
           this
           
           Prince
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           a
           declared
           Enemy
           of
           a
           Lazy
           and
           Idle
           Life
           ,
           so
           he
           never
           go's
           to
           Bed
           but
           very
           late
           ,
           and
           rises
           early
           ;
           from
           whence
           it
           came
           ,
           that
           ,
           tho'
           we
           were
           always
           very
           careful
           in
           being
           at
           Court
           early
           in
           the
           Morning
           ,
           it
           happened
           frequently
           ,
           that
           before
           we
           could
           get
           out
           of
           doors
           ,
           he
           had
           already
           sent
           for
           us
           ,
           either
           to
           Revise
           some
           of
           his
           Calculations
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           a
           new
           Problem
           ;
           For
           it
           is
           almost
           incredible
           ,
           with
           what
           Assiduity
           he
           applies
           himself
           to
           investigate
           some
           new
           Problems
           ,
           which
           have
           some
           reference
           to
           those
           that
           have
           been
           explain'd
           to
           him
           before
           ;
           and
           how
           he
           did
           make
           it
           his
           chief
           Divertisement
           ,
           to
           put
           in
           practise
           whatever
           he
           had
           learn'd
           of
           most
           Curious
           in
           Geometry
           ,
           and
           to
           perfect
           himself
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           most
           useful
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           .
        
         
           For
           which
           purpose
           ,
           besides
           those
           that
           were
           formerly
           presented
           to
           his
           Father
           (
           which
           were
           carefully
           preserved
           by
           his
           Orders
           )
           he
           caused
           many
           more
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           the
           management
           of
           all
           which
           he
           could
           learn
           to
           understand
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           Nicest
           Point
           .
           These
           were
           committed
           to
           the
           Care
           of
           Father
           Peyrera
           ,
           and
           Father
           Suarez
           ,
           who
           being
           two
           Persons
           that
           spared
           no
           pains
           in
           Encouraging
           the
           Emperour's
           Zeal
           ,
           did
           manage
           the
           whole
           to
           the
           entire
           Satisfaction
           of
           His
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           We
           on
           our
           side
           ,
           were
           likewise
           not
           negligent
           in
           obliging
           the
           Emperour
           with
           what
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           we
           had
           in
           our
           Custody
           ,
           proper
           for
           his
           Use
           ,
           among
           which
           
           was
           a
           very
           fine
           and
           large
           Demycircle
           ,
           fitted
           for
           Geometrical
           Operations
           ,
           being
           a
           present
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Maine
          
           .
           This
           he
           did
           not
           only
           make
           frequent
           use
           of
           in
           the
           Gardens
           of
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           but
           likewise
           in
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           always
           carried
           upon
           the
           Back
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Mandarins
           of
           his
           Houshold
           ,
           who
           notwithstanding
           its
           Weight
           ,
           was
           not
           a
           little
           proud
           of
           the
           Honour
           in
           being
           intrusted
           with
           this
           precious
           Burthen
           .
           By
           the
           help
           of
           this
           Instrument
           ,
           he
           would
           frequently
           measure
           sometimes
           the
           height
           of
           a
           neighbouring
           Mountain
           ,
           sometimes
           the
           distance
           of
           some
           remarkable
           place
           or
           other
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           his
           whole
           Court
           ,
           who
           were
           surprized
           to
           see
           that
           their
           Emperour
           managed
           this
           Instrument
           ,
           and
           performed
           the
           Operations
           with
           the
           same
           dexterity
           and
           good
           success
           ,
           as
           Father
           Gerbillon
           a
           Iesuite
           ,
           who
           always
           used
           to
           attend
           His
           Majesty
           in
           his
           Progresses
           .
        
         
           Immediately
           after
           our
           first
           arrival
           at
           Peking
           ,
           we
           presented
           him
           with
           two
           excellent
           Machines
           ,
           in
           which
           one
           might
           observe
           the
           Eclipses
           of
           the
           Sun
           and
           Moon
           ,
           with
           the
           different
           Aspects
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           for
           every
           day
           in
           the
           Year
           ,
           and
           for
           many
           Ages
           together
           .
           We
           stand
           indebted
           for
           the
           Invention
           of
           these
           two
           most
           Curious
           Machines
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           the
           
             Academy
             Royal.
          
           The
           Emperour
           having
           commanded
           us
           to
           shew
           him
           the
           perfect
           Use
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           apply
           them
           to
           the
           Chinese
           Calendar
           ,
           ordered
           these
           two
           Machines
           to
           be
           
           placed
           on
           each
           side
           of
           his
           Throne
           ,
           in
           one
           of
           the
           Principal
           Appartments
           of
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           where
           I
           saw
           them
           standing
           but
           the
           day
           before
           my
           departure
           out
           of
           Peking
           ;
           a
           most
           convincing
           Proof
           of
           the
           great
           Esteem
           the
           Emperour
           has
           for
           these
           as
           well
           as
           all
           other
           curious
           [
           and
           useful
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           .
        
         
           Ever
           since
           that
           time
           ,
           he
           has
           shewn
           a
           most
           particular
           Inclination
           and
           Esteem
           both
           for
           the
           French
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           and
           other
           Works
           and
           Curious
           Contrivances
           ;
           those
           we
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           offer
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           having
           had
           the
           good
           Fortune
           to
           meet
           with
           his
           Approbation
           above
           all
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           no
           wonder
           if
           the
           Esteem
           the
           Emperour
           had
           for
           the
           European
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           soon
           influenced
           most
           of
           the
           Great
           Men
           at
           Court
           to
           tred
           in
           his
           footsteps
           ;
           and
           if
           those
           who
           honour
           us
           with
           their
           good
           Will
           and
           Favours
           ,
           do
           often
           engage
           us
           ,
           to
           let
           some
           be
           brought
           over
           for
           them
           ;
           being
           sensible
           that
           they
           cannot
           make
           their
           Court
           with
           better
           hopes
           of
           Success
           ,
           than
           by
           making
           a
           Present
           of
           some
           Curious
           Mathematical
           Invention
           or
           other
           ,
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           not
           only
           receives
           very
           favourably
           ,
           all
           what
           is
           offered
           him
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           but
           shews
           so
           much
           Eagerness
           for
           his
           being
           furnished
           with
           them
           from
           all
           Parts
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           caused
           all
           the
           Meathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           that
           were
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Governours
           of
           the
           Maritime
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           be
           brought
           to
           Peking
           .
        
         
         
           To
           encourage
           this
           Noble
           Desire
           ,
           we
           sent
           to
           our
           Brothers
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           
             Fontenay
             le
             Comte
          
           and
           Visdelou
           ,
           to
           desire
           them
           to
           furnish
           us
           with
           such
           Instruments
           as
           we
           judged
           most
           proper
           for
           the
           Emperour's
           use
           .
           These
           Fathers
           sent
           us
           several
           of
           the
           most
           Curious
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           some
           
           Phosphorus's
           ,
           both
           solid
           and
           liquid
           ,
           and
           other
           such
           like
           Rarities
           ;
           which
           we
           having
           made
           a
           Present
           of
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           he
           received
           them
           with
           all
           the
           Marks
           of
           Joy
           ,
           and
           a
           most
           particular
           Esteem
           .
           But
           these
           Fathers
           ,
           being
           afterwards
           invited
           by
           the
           Emperour
           to
           his
           Court
           ,
           they
           and
           their
           Presents
           met
           equally
           with
           the
           most
           obliging
           Receiption
           in
           the
           World.
           Among
           several
           other
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           they
           presented
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           there
           were
           several
           Levels
           with
           two
           
           Pendulum's
           ,
           to
           distinguish
           the
           Seconds
           ,
           for
           Coelestial
           Observations
           ,
           which
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           great
           Exactness
           and
           Usefulness
           ,
           being
           highly
           extoll'd
           by
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           he
           assign'd
           them
           convenient
           Places
           in
           his
           own
           Bed-chamber
           ;
           And
           the
           Prince
           ,
           who
           is
           declared
           Successour
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           shews
           no
           less
           Inclination
           for
           these
           Curiosities
           than
           his
           Royal
           Father
           ,
           being
           extreamly
           taken
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           discovering
           his
           Intention
           to
           us
           ,
           I
           went
           straight
           ways
           to
           our
           House
           ,
           and
           presented
           him
           with
           the
           onely
           of
           the
           same
           kind
           ,
           I
           had
           left
           ,
           which
           he
           accepted
           of
           in
           a
           most
           extraordinary
           obliging
           manner
           .
        
         
         
           After
           we
           had
           compleated
           our
           Explications
           both
           of
           the
           Practical
           and
           Speculative
           Geometry
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Method
           as
           we
           had
           made
           use
           of
           before
           ,
           when
           we
           instructed
           the
           Emperour
           in
           the
           Elements
           of
           the
           Euclid
           ,
           he
           shew'd
           so
           much
           Satisfaction
           in
           having
           attained
           to
           this
           Noble
           Science
           ,
           that
           ,
           to
           give
           the
           World
           some
           manifest
           Proofs
           of
           his
           Esteem
           for
           these
           Works
           we
           had
           composed
           ,
           he
           ordered
           them
           to
           be
           Translated
           out
           of
           the
           Tartarian
           into
           the
           Chinese
           Language
           .
           He
           himself
           took
           the
           pains
           to
           prefix
           a
           Preface
           to
           each
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           them
           Revised
           and
           printed
           in
           his
           own
           Pallace
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           them
           published
           throughout
           the
           whole
           Empire
           in
           both
           Languages
           ,
           as
           a
           most
           evident
           Sign
           of
           his
           laudable
           intention
           ,
           to
           introduce
           the
           European
           Sciences
           into
           China
           ,
           and
           to
           render
           them
           familiar
           to
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           having
           observed
           in
           his
           third
           Son
           ,
           (
           who
           is
           a
           young
           Prince
           of
           about
           seventeen
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           endowed
           with
           many
           NobleQualifications
           )
           a
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Genius
           for
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           he
           taught
           him
           the
           Principles
           of
           Geometry
           in
           person
           .
        
         
           I
           do
           not
           question
           but
           there
           are
           not
           a
           few
           ,
           who
           will
           look
           upon
           this
           so
           Extraordinary
           Inclinations
           and
           Assiduity
           towards
           these
           Sciences
           (
           which
           without
           all
           Contradiction
           ,
           are
           not
           sufficiently
           to
           be
           praised
           in
           a
           private
           person
           )
           as
           rather
           blameable
           than
           commendable
           in
           so
           Great
           a
           Prince
           ,
           who
           bears
           the
           Weight
           of
           so
           vast
           an
           Empire
           as
           that
           ,
           of
           China
           ,
           upon
           his
           Shoulders
           ;
           But
           ,
           if
           we
           will
           take
           the
           pains
           
           to
           make
           due
           Reflections
           upon
           the
           due
           Character
           and
           present
           State
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Empire
           and
           Nation
           ,
           who
           at
           all
           times
           have
           made
           Learning
           the
           Foundation-stone
           of
           their
           Government
           ,
           and
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Sciences
           the
           Steps
           by
           which
           to
           ascend
           to
           the
           highest
           Dignities
           and
           Employments
           ,
           we
           shall
           be
           forced
           to
           confess
           ,
           That
           the
           Emperour
           's
           Extraordinary
           passion
           for
           ,
           and
           delight
           in
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           considered
           as
           the
           Effects
           of
           a
           most
           refined
           piece
           of
           Policy
           of
           France
           ,
           who
           has
           an
           absolute
           insight
           into
           the
           true
           Nature
           of
           the
           Art
           of
           Government
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           undeniable
           ,
           that
           of
           late
           years
           ,
           if
           you
           except
           Moral
           Philosophy
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           principal
           Study
           that
           meets
           with
           Encouragement
           among
           the
           Modern
           Chineses
           .
           This
           Nation
           has
           neglected
           most
           of
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           which
           rendred
           their
           Ancestors
           Famous
           to
           Posterity
           ,
           and
           were
           questionless
           the
           Chief
           Cause
           of
           the
           flourishing
           Condition
           of
           their
           Empire
           .
           The
           present
           Emperour
           being
           inspired
           with
           a
           most
           glorious
           Ambition
           to
           restore
           the
           antient
           Glory
           of
           this
           Empire
           ,
           he
           judged
           nothing
           could
           be
           more
           conducing
           to
           attain
           this
           Great
           End
           ,
           than
           if
           he
           could
           receive
           these
           most
           useful
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           which
           were
           once
           the
           Glory
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           and
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           Example
           ,
           encourage
           his
           Subjects
           to
           follow
           his
           footsteps
           .
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           being
           thus
           instructed
           in
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           Geometry
           ,
           apply'd
           his
           Thoughts
           to
           the
           Study
           of
           Philosophy
           ;
           
           For
           which
           Reason
           ,
           he
           commanded
           us
           to
           Compile
           a
           Body
           of
           Philosophy
           in
           the
           Tarvirian
           Language
           ,
           and
           to
           follow
           the
           same
           Method
           we
           had
           observed
           in
           our
           Mathematical
           Treatises
           ,
           which
           appear'd
           to
           him
           the
           most
           easie
           and
           natural
           .
           The
           Success
           ,
           wherewith
           it
           had
           pleased
           God
           hitherto
           to
           bless
           our
           Endeavours
           ,
           encreased
           our
           Wishes
           and
           Hopes
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           if
           not
           better
           Success
           in
           this
           ;
           and
           ,
           as
           we
           were
           fully
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           this
           might
           prove
           one
           day
           the
           most
           proper
           Means
           ,
           and
           be
           consequently
           of
           the
           utmost
           Consequence
           to
           dispose
           the
           Hearts
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           especially
           those
           who
           have
           any
           relish
           of
           Learning
           ,
           towards
           the
           receiving
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ;
           we
           were
           not
           sparing
           in
           any
           thing
           which
           we
           thought
           might
           contribute
           towards
           the
           introducing
           a
           good
           Philosophy
           among
           them
           .
        
         
           For
           this
           purpose
           we
           consulted
           most
           of
           the
           Antient
           and
           Modern
           Philosophies
           ;
           but
           among
           all
           of
           them
           ,
           found
           none
           more
           suitable
           for
           our
           Purpose
           ,
           than
           the
           Antient
           and
           Modern
           Philosophies
           of
           Mr.
           Duhamel
           ,
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Academy
          
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Solidity
           ,
           Purity
           ,
           and
           good
           Connexion
           of
           the
           Doctrine
           contained
           in
           this
           Treatise
           ;
           which
           ,
           therefore
           we
           made
           our
           Guide
           to
           bring
           our
           Work
           to
           the
           desired
           Effect
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Emperour
           being
           about
           the
           same
           time
           attack'd
           by
           a
           most
           dangerous
           Distemper
           ,
           it
           was
           the
           Advice
           of
           his
           whole
           Court
           ,
           and
           especially
           of
           his
           Physicians
           ,
           
           upon
           his
           Recovery
           ,
           to
           desist
           for
           some
           time
           from
           his
           Studies
           ,
           as
           being
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           re-establishment
           of
           his
           Health
           .
           This
           Prince
           ,
           being
           for
           the
           abovementioned
           Reason
           obliged
           to
           be
           more
           remiss
           in
           his
           applications
           to
           these
           Sciences
           ,
           we
           only
           shew'd
           him
           a
           short
           Logic
           ,
           which
           we
           intended
           as
           an
           Introduction
           to
           our
           Phisolophical
           Work
           ,
           of
           which
           we
           had
           given
           a
           Scheme
           in
           a
           large
           Preface
           .
           It
           was
           upon
           this
           score
           ,
           that
           ,
           in
           lieu
           of
           pursuing
           the
           same
           Method
           and
           Purpose
           we
           intended
           before
           ;
           we
           saw
           our selves
           under
           an
           indispensible
           Obligation
           to
           conform
           our selves
           to
           the
           present
           Disposition
           and
           particular
           Inclinations
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           we
           had
           observed
           ,
           being
           of
           late
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           bent
           upon
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Structure
           of
           the
           Human
           Body
           ,
           upon
           its
           various
           Operations
           and
           most
           surprising
           Motions
           ,
           we
           ,
           contrary
           to
           our
           former
           Design
           ,
           applied
           our selves
           to
           Treat
           of
           this
           ,
           with
           the
           utmost
           Care
           and
           Application
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           for
           all
           their
           great
           Reputation
           of
           having
           for
           many
           years
           past
           ,
           had
           the
           ablest
           Physicians
           ,
           have
           at
           present
           but
           a
           very
           confused
           Knowledge
           in
           Anatomy
           ;
           we
           were
           forced
           to
           extend
           this
           Treatise
           to
           a
           much
           larger
           Bulk
           ,
           than
           we
           at
           first
           intended
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           a
           true
           Idea
           ,
           first
           of
           all
           the
           Parts
           of
           the
           Humane
           Body
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           to
           treat
           of
           each
           afterwards
           in
           particular
           ;
           and
           to
           represent
           the
           several
           Relations
           and
           Connexions
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           to
           give
           them
           a
           right
           Idea
           of
           
           the
           whole
           
             Occonomia
             Animalis
          
           .
           We
           did
           not
           neglect
           to
           insert
           in
           this
           Treatise
           all
           the
           most
           Curious
           and
           useful
           Discoveries
           of
           our
           Modern
           Anatomsts
           ,
           especially
           those
           of
           Mr.
           
             Du
             Verney
          
           ,
           and
           of
           some
           other
           Learned
           Members
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Academy
          
           ,
           who
           have
           distinguished
           themselves
           before
           others
           in
           this
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           all
           other
           kind
           of
           Learning
           .
        
         
           We
           shew'd
           the
           Emperour
           twelve
           of
           fourteen
           of
           these
           Propositions
           ,
           with
           their
           proper
           Figures
           and
           Explications
           ,
           just
           as
           he
           was
           return'd
           out
           from
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           he
           frequently
           makes
           into
           Tartary
           ;
           he
           was
           so
           extreamly
           pleased
           with
           them
           ,
           that
           ,
           to
           shew
           how
           much
           he
           was
           delighted
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           ordered
           his
           Chief
           Painter
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           Great
           Master
           of
           his
           Art
           ,
           to
           lay
           aside
           all
           other
           Things
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           it
           his
           whole
           Business
           to
           draw
           these
           Figures
           with
           all
           the
           Exactness
           he
           could
           .
        
         
           Nevertheless
           ,
           as
           this
           Work
           requir'd
           more
           Application
           and
           Assiduity
           ,
           than
           was
           consistent
           with
           the
           Emperour's
           Health
           ,
           so
           our
           Labour
           was
           interrupteb
           for
           some
           time
           by
           the
           Emperour's
           Command
           ,
           whose
           Curiosity
           inclining
           rather
           at
           that
           time
           to
           the
           investigating
           the
           Causes
           of
           some
           of
           the
           most
           noted
           Distempers
           ,
           wherewith
           he
           had
           either
           been
           formerly
           ,
           or
           was
           still
           afflicted
           ;
           he
           ordered
           us
           to
           endeavour
           to
           inform
           him
           concerning
           the
           Causes
           of
           these
           Distempers
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Principles
           of
           our
           Modern
           European
           Physicians
           .
        
         
         
           God
           Almighty
           ,
           who
           by
           his
           Providence
           had
           given
           us
           this
           favourable
           Opportunity
           ,
           to
           touch
           more
           effectually
           the
           Heart
           of
           this
           Great
           Prince
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           and
           its
           Ministers
           ,
           did
           also
           assist
           us
           in
           making
           a
           Considerable
           Progress
           in
           this
           Matter
           .
           For
           in
           two
           or
           three
           Months
           time
           ,
           we
           writ
           18
           or
           20
           small
           Treatises
           ,
           each
           Treating
           of
           a
           certain
           Distemper
           in
           particular
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           the
           Method
           prescribed
           to
           us
           by
           the
           Emperour
           .
           They
           met
           with
           the
           good
           Fortune
           of
           being
           not
           only
           Approv'd
           ,
           but
           also
           very
           pleasing
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           extoll'd
           them
           in
           Publick
           ,
           and
           sent
           for
           us
           into
           his
           Presence
           ,
           to
           be
           Witnesses
           our selves
           of
           the
           Satisfaction
           he
           shew'd
           upon
           this
           Occasion
           .
           To
           give
           us
           an
           ample
           proof
           of
           his
           Acknowledgement
           ,
           he
           pitch'd
           upon
           the
           most
           proper
           Recompense
           that
           could
           be
           bestowed
           upon
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           and
           at
           our
           most
           Earnest
           Request
           ,
           he
           ,
           by
           his
           publick
           Edict
           granted
           the
           free
           Exercise
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           consequently
           freed
           its
           Professors
           from
           those
           dangers
           that
           had
           threatned
           them
           for
           many
           years
           last
           past
           .
        
         
           In
           some
           of
           the
           first
           of
           these
           Treatises
           we
           had
           ,
           upon
           the
           occasion
           of
           speaking
           of
           the
           internal
           Chimical
           Remedies
           ,
           enlarged
           our selves
           upon
           their
           Excellencies
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           this
           Particular
           ,
           that
           besides
           their
           Qualities
           of
           Curing
           or
           giving
           Ease
           in
           many
           Distempers
           ,
           they
           had
           this
           peculiar
           Prerogative
           before
           other
           Medicines
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           so
           nauseous
           ,
           and
           taken
           
           in
           less
           quantity
           .
           The
           Emperour
           having
           conceived
           a
           particular
           Curiosity
           to
           see
           some
           Effects
           of
           it
           ,
           was
           very
           desirous
           to
           see
           some
           Experiments
           made
           of
           this
           kind
           .
           We
           did
           all
           what
           in
           us
           lay
           to
           decline
           this
           province
           ,
           in
           representing
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           we
           having
           no
           experience
           in
           Matters
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           durst
           not
           attempt
           a
           thing
           of
           such
           Moment
           ;
           But
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           by
           some
           small
           things
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           he
           had
           seen
           us
           do
           before
           ,
           judged
           that
           we
           might
           undertake
           this
           also
           with
           the
           same
           hopes
           of
           Success
           ,
           would
           not
           admit
           of
           our
           excuses
           .
        
         
           To
           work
           therefore
           we
           went
           ,
           taking
           for
           our
           Guide
           the
           Dispensatory
           of
           the
           Sieur
           Charas
           ,
           Director
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Laboratory
          
           ;
           The
           Emperour
           assign'd
           us
           a
           large
           Room
           within
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           where
           we
           set
           up
           a
           Laboratory
           .
           Here
           you
           might
           have
           seen
           several
           Sorts
           of
           Furnaces
           ,
           with
           most
           Instruments
           and
           Utensils
           requisite
           for
           Chimical
           Operations
           ;
           which
           pursuant
           to
           the
           Emperour's
           Orders
           ,
           who
           is
           never
           sparing
           upon
           such
           like
           Occasions
           ,
           were
           all
           of
           Silver
           .
           We
           were
           busie
           in
           preparing
           several
           Sorts
           of
           Conserves
           ,
           Lymphs
           and
           Essences
           ,
           for
           three
           Months
           together
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperour
           would
           sometimes
           honour
           us
           with
           his
           Presence
           ,
           and
           took
           such
           particular
           Satisfaction
           in
           those
           Preparations
           ,
           that
           he
           ordered
           them
           to
           be
           preserv'd
           for
           his
           own
           Use.
           
        
         
           More
           than
           this
           ,
           he
           caused
           many
           Golden
           and
           Silver
           Vessels
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           carried
           these
           Medicines
           in
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           
           which
           he
           took
           a
           peculiar
           Phansie
           in
           ,
           and
           would
           give
           them
           upon
           occasion
           to
           his
           Children
           ,
           the
           Great
           Men
           of
           his
           Court
           ,
           and
           others
           of
           his
           Attendance
           .
           It
           must
           truly
           be
           confess'd
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           that
           his
           Natural
           Inclinations
           are
           very
           Charitable
           ;
           for
           no
           sooner
           does
           he
           hear
           of
           any
           of
           his
           Servants
           being
           ill
           ,
           but
           he
           sends
           his
           Physicians
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           liberally
           furnishes
           them
           with
           what
           is
           most
           precious
           among
           his
           Medicines
           .
           Of
           this
           we
           have
           had
           several
           times
           experience
           our selves
           ;
           as
           often
           as
           any
           of
           us
           happened
           to
           be
           afflicted
           with
           any
           Distemper
           .
        
         
           We
           had
           the
           good
           Fortune
           to
           see
           many
           Sick
           people
           ,
           and
           among
           them
           ,
           several
           of
           the
           Emperour's
           Houshold
           ,
           to
           be
           relieved
           by
           these
           Medicines
           we
           had
           brought
           along
           with
           us
           out
           of
           Europe
           .
           The
           Emperour
           falling
           sick
           some
           time
           after
           ;
           and
           having
           for
           some
           time
           made
           use
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Remedies
           ,
           but
           with
           little
           Success
           ,
           had
           recourse
           to
           ours
           ,
           which
           produced
           the
           desired
           effect
           .
           His
           Physicians
           jealous
           of
           their
           Reputation
           ,
           did
           all
           what
           in
           them
           lay
           to
           restore
           him
           to
           his
           Health
           ,
           but
           to
           little
           purpose
           ,
           all
           proving
           ineffectual
           ,
           except
           the
           Quinquina
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           two
           Fathers
           ,
           
             De
             Fontenay
          
           and
           Visdelou
           ,
           who
           arrived
           very
           fortunately
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           had
           brought
           a
           good
           Quantity
           along
           with
           them
           .
           Heaven
           ,
           which
           upon
           this
           as
           well
           as
           several
           other
           Occasions
           ,
           was
           pleased
           to
           give
           us
           a
           particular
           Mark
           of
           its
           Mercy
           ;
           being
           willing
           to
           make
           use
           of
           our
           Assistance
           as
           a
           
           Recompense
           to
           this
           Prince
           ,
           for
           the
           Liberty
           granted
           to
           the
           Professors
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           in
           the
           preceding
           Year
           ;
           and
           as
           a
           further
           Engagement
           to
           extend
           his
           Bounty
           more
           and
           more
           towards
           the
           Preachers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           stood
           indebted
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           as
           he
           himself
           was
           pleased
           publickly
           to
           declare
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           most
           of
           the
           Grandees
           of
           his
           Court.
           
        
         
           There
           are
           very
           few
           who
           have
           tarryed
           for
           any
           considerable
           time
           at
           Peking
           ,
           but
           what
           know
           with
           how
           much
           Esteem
           and
           Affection
           Father
           Verbiest
           was
           received
           by
           this
           Emperour
           ;
           but
           it
           is
           also
           undeniable
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           gave
           him
           such
           particular
           proofs
           of
           his
           Esteem
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           to
           us
           for
           several
           years
           past
           ,
           whilst
           we
           had
           the
           Honour
           of
           being
           instrumental
           in
           promoting
           his
           Studies
           in
           the
           Mathematicks
           .
        
         
           Those
           who
           are
           acquainted
           with
           the
           Chinese
           Court
           ,
           where
           every
           thing
           is
           carried
           on
           with
           a
           singular
           Grandeur
           ,
           are
           not
           ignorant
           ,
           how
           rare
           a
           thing
           it
           is
           to
           see
           their
           Emperours
           enter
           into
           a
           familiar
           Conversation
           with
           their
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           how
           difficult
           a
           thing
           it
           is
           ,
           even
           for
           the
           Greatest
           Men
           in
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Royal
           Blood
           to
           approach
           his
           person
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           upon
           the
           Occasion
           of
           some
           publick
           Festival
           ,
           will
           perhaps
           be
           scarce
           able
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           we
           had
           so
           free
           an
           Admittance
           ;
           especially
           considering
           that
           we
           were
           Religious
           persons
           ,
           and
           Foreigners
           .
        
         
         
           The
           whole
           Court
           have
           been
           eye-witness
           (
           to
           their
           great
           Surprize
           )
           of
           the
           private
           Audiences
           and
           Conferences
           we
           had
           duly
           every
           day
           ,
           no
           body
           being
           admitted
           to
           be
           present
           ,
           but
           three
           or
           four
           Eunuchs
           of
           the
           Emperour's
           Bed-chamber
           ;
           where
           the
           Chief
           Subject
           of
           our
           Discourse
           was
           concerning
           all
           manner
           of
           Sciences
           ,
           the
           Manners
           and
           Customs
           ,
           and
           what
           else
           was
           worth
           our
           Observation
           in
           the
           European
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           States
           of
           the
           World.
           As
           there
           was
           not
           any
           Subject
           ,
           wherewith
           we
           used
           to
           entertain
           this
           Prince
           with
           more
           particular
           Satisfaction
           ,
           than
           the
           Glorious
           Actions
           of
           
             Lewis
             the
             Great
          
           ,
           so
           I
           can
           testifie
           it
           my self
           ,
           That
           there
           was
           not
           any
           thing
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           took
           more
           delight
           to
           be
           inform'd
           in
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           he
           gave
           us
           such
           ample
           Marks
           of
           his
           great
           Esteem
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           absolutely
           command
           us
           to
           sit
           down
           near
           his
           side
           ;
           an
           Honour
           never
           granted
           before
           to
           any
           Body
           living
           ,
           unless
           to
           his
           own
           Children
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           he
           is
           lavishing
           in
           his
           Bounty
           towards
           us
           in
           private
           ,
           he
           is
           not
           sparing
           of
           it
           in
           publick
           ,
           having
           given
           sufficient
           proofs
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           of
           a
           particular
           Affection
           and
           Esteem
           .
           Every
           body
           knows
           in
           what
           manner
           Father
           Verbiest
           was
           honoured
           by
           him
           ,
           both
           in
           his
           Life-time
           and
           after
           his
           Death
           .
           Very
           few
           are
           unacquainted
           in
           what
           Splendid
           manner
           Father
           Thomas
           was
           invited
           and
           received
           in
           China
           ;
           and
           how
           the
           first
           five
           
             French
             Iesuits
             Missionaries
          
           ,
           were
           received
           with
           no
           less
           Honour
           at
           his
           
           Court.
           The
           Muscovites
           have
           been
           eye
           witnesses
           of
           Honours
           conferr'd
           upon
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           Peyrera
           and
           Gerbillon
           ,
           at
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           betwixt
           their
           Plenipotentiaries
           and
           those
           of
           China
           ,
           about
           eight
           Years
           ago
           .
           It
           was
           the
           Entertainment
           of
           the
           whole
           Court
           of
           Peking
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           when
           Father
           Grimaldi
           was
           sent
           by
           the
           present
           Emperour
           as
           his
           Envoy
           into
           Muscovy
           .
           I
           will
           leave
           it
           to
           others
           to
           testifie
           ,
           how
           honourable
           I
           was
           Treated
           by
           his
           Special
           Orders
           ,
           by
           all
           the
           Governours
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           and
           that
           frequently
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           Missionaries
           of
           several
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           English
           and
           Portugese
           Merchants
           ;
           especially
           ,
           at
           that
           time
           when
           I
           received
           his
           special
           Instructions
           to
           go
           into
           France
           ;
           and
           how
           it
           acquir'd
           me
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           Reptitation
           throughout
           all
           the
           Eastern-parts
           ,
           (
           even
           among
           the
           Enemies
           of
           our
           Nation
           )
           as
           is
           source
           to
           be
           credited
           .
        
         
           We
           indeed
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           all
           the
           other
           Jesuits
           ,
           which
           formerly
           were
           entrusted
           with
           any
           publick
           Employments
           by
           the
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           made
           it
           our
           constant
           Business
           to
           insinuate
           both
           to
           the
           Prince
           and
           his
           Grandees
           ,
           that
           we
           were
           not
           desirous
           of
           these
           Honours
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           very
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Humility
           taught
           by
           the
           Gospel
           ;
           but
           inspite
           of
           all
           our
           Excuses
           ,
           it
           was
           the
           Emperour's
           Pleasure
           to
           heap
           upon
           us
           from
           time
           to
           time
           these
           publick
           Marks
           of
           his
           Favour
           ,
           looking
           upon
           them
           as
           the
           most
           proper
           Means
           to
           promote
           our
           
           Interest
           ,
           both
           among
           the
           Great
           Men
           and
           common
           People
           ;
           and
           to
           give
           the
           more
           Authority
           and
           Weight
           to
           the
           Profession
           and
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
        
         
           The
           same
           Curiosity
           which
           had
           led
           the
           Emperour
           towards
           the
           Improvement
           of
           our
           Sciences
           ,
           did
           also
           induce
           him
           to
           be
           inform'd
           concerning
           the
           Chief
           Points
           of
           our
           Religion
           .
           The
           first
           knowledge
           of
           them
           he
           drew
           from
           divers
           Consultations
           he
           had
           with
           Father
           Verbiest
           ,
           under
           pretext
           of
           Conferring
           with
           him
           about
           some
           of
           the
           most
           Valuable
           Sciences
           of
           Europe
           .
           He
           has
           also
           read
           several
           Treatises
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           which
           were
           presented
           to
           him
           by
           some
           of
           the
           Fathers
           Missionaries
           .
           That
           which
           he
           delighted
           in
           most
           was
           an
           excellent
           Piece
           of
           the
           Famous
           Iesuit
           ,
           Father
           Ricei
           ,
           which
           he
           kept
           by
           him
           above
           six
           Months
           .
           You
           may
           believe
           we
           did
           not
           let
           slip
           any
           Opportunity
           that
           offered
           ,
           to
           speak
           to
           him
           concerning
           the
           true
           Principles
           of
           Christianity
           .
           He
           permits
           to
           the
           Jesuits
           Missionaries
           the
           free
           exercise
           of
           our
           Religion
           within
           the
           precinct
           of
           his
           own
           Pallace
           ;
           and
           he
           has
           been
           often
           heard
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           ,
           to
           judge
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           according
           to
           its
           Principles
           and
           Progress
           it
           had
           made
           in
           China
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           question
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           would
           become
           the
           Established
           Religion
           there
           .
        
         
           He
           has
           laid
           aside
           already
           many
           of
           the
           most
           antient
           Superstitions
           of
           the
           Chineses
           .
           As
           for
           instance
           ,
           there
           is
           scarce
           any
           body
           in
           China
           ,
           (
           unless
           he
           be
           a
           Christian
           )
           but
           
           what
           ,
           if
           he
           is
           to
           undertake
           any
           thing
           of
           Moment
           ,
           chuses
           a
           certain
           Day
           and
           Hour
           ,
           to
           begin
           it
           in
           .
           There
           is
           a
           special
           Appartment
           belonging
           to
           the
           Tribunal
           of
           the
           Mathematicks
           ,
           where
           their
           whole
           Business
           is
           ,
           to
           chuse
           by
           many
           Superstitious
           ways
           ,
           Places
           ,
           Days
           ,
           and
           Hours
           ,
           for
           any
           thing
           of
           Moment
           that
           is
           to
           be
           taken
           in
           hand
           .
           It
           is
           no
           longer
           than
           in
           the
           Minority
           of
           this
           present
           Emperour
           ,
           that
           three
           Mandarins
           of
           the
           Mathematical
           Tribunal
           ,
           were
           condemned
           by
           the
           Regents
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           to
           lose
           their
           Heads
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           Reason
           ,
           than
           having
           been
           not
           careful
           enough
           in
           Observing
           the
           exact
           Hour
           ,
           when
           the
           Emperours
           Brother's
           Funeral
           was
           to
           have
           been
           begun
           ;
           they
           looking
           upon
           this
           Neglect
           as
           ominous
           ,
           if
           not
           Fatal
           to
           the
           whole
           Imperial
           Family
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           has
           hitherto
           out
           of
           a
           Principle
           of
           Policy
           ,
           not
           abolished
           this
           Tribunal
           ;
           but
           he
           has
           more
           than
           once
           told
           us
           himself
           ,
           that
           he
           makes
           not
           the
           least
           Reflection
           upon
           their
           Observations
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           Matters
           relating
           to
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           he
           takes
           his
           Resolutions
           beforehand
           ,
           which
           he
           afterwards
           sends
           to
           the
           Tribunal
           .
           Thus
           for
           instance
           ;
           when
           he
           was
           going
           to
           Marry
           his
           eldest
           Son
           ,
           the
           Mathematical
           Tribunal
           ,
           unto
           whom
           it
           belongs
           (
           according
           to
           a
           most
           antient
           Custom
           among
           the
           Chineses
           )
           to
           determine
           which
           of
           the
           several
           Persons
           proposed
           ought
           to
           be
           preferr'd
           before
           the
           rest
           ,
           received
           his
           Instructions
           
           to
           chuse
           the
           same
           Person
           the
           Emperour
           had
           pitch'd
           upon
           before
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           accordingly
           .
           The
           same
           Method
           he
           makes
           use
           of
           when
           he
           intends
           to
           take
           a
           Progress
           ;
           when
           he
           always
           sends
           his
           Orders
           to
           this
           Tribunal
           ,
           what
           day
           he
           intends
           to
           set
           out
           ,
           and
           their
           Resolutions
           are
           always
           agreeable
           to
           his
           prefixed
           Time.
           
        
         
           It
           is
           next
           to
           a
           Miracle
           ,
           to
           see
           a
           Prince
           so
           Potent
           ,
           so
           Absolute
           ,
           whose
           Commands
           are
           a
           Law
           ,
           and
           executed
           without
           delay
           ,
           surrounded
           with
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Courtiers
           ,
           addicted
           to
           their
           Pleasures
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           Luxury
           ,
           so
           moderate
           in
           his
           person
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           a
           Master
           of
           his
           passions
           ,
           as
           this
           Monarch
           .
           He
           is
           naturally
           of
           a
           Colerick
           Disposition
           ,
           notwithstanding
           which
           ,
           it
           has
           been
           observed
           upon
           many
           Occasions
           ,
           both
           in
           respect
           of
           publick
           or
           private
           Affairs
           ,
           that
           he
           so
           absolutely
           controuls
           his
           Anger
           ,
           as
           scarce
           ever
           to
           punish
           an
           ill
           Action
           immediately
           ,
           but
           generally
           delays
           it
           to
           another
           time
           ,
           sometimes
           for
           Weeks
           and
           Months
           ;
           looking
           upon
           this
           as
           the
           most
           proper
           means
           to
           make
           punishment
           bear
           a
           due
           proportion
           to
           the
           Fault
           committed
           ,
           and
           consequently
           to
           maintain
           a
           good
           Order
           in
           the
           State.
           
        
         
           Of
           this
           we
           observed
           a
           most
           memorable
           Instance
           about
           six
           years
           ago
           .
           The
           Emperour
           happening
           to
           fall
           dangerously
           ill
           in
           one
           of
           his
           progresses
           ,
           which
           he
           made
           in
           the
           Mountainous
           parts
           of
           Tartary
           to
           Hunt
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           Custom
           ;
           he
           sent
           Post
           for
           his
           Son
           ,
           who
           was
           declared
           
           his
           Successour
           .
           Some
           of
           the
           young
           Prince's
           Domesticks
           ,
           having
           conceiv'd
           some
           hopes
           of
           seeing
           their
           young
           Master
           surmounted
           upon
           the
           Throne
           ,
           had
           not
           only
           shew'd
           their
           Satisfaction
           in
           their
           Countenances
           ,
           but
           also
           had
           let
           slip
           some
           Words
           ,
           which
           having
           reach'd
           the
           Emperour's
           Ears
           ,
           immediately
           after
           his
           first
           Recovery
           ,
           he
           was
           extreamly
           vex'd
           at
           their
           Indiscretion
           ;
           but
           considering
           that
           at
           this
           Juncture
           of
           time
           ,
           it
           would
           turn
           to
           the
           no
           small
           prejudice
           of
           his
           Health
           ,
           if
           he
           should
           give
           vent
           to
           his
           Anger
           ;
           he
           master'd
           his
           passion
           ,
           and
           delay'd
           their
           punishment
           to
           a
           more
           seasonable
           Time.
           After
           he
           had
           pretty
           well
           recovered
           his
           former
           Strength
           ,
           he
           asked
           his
           Physicians
           ,
           whether
           without
           any
           Danger
           to
           his
           Health
           ,
           he
           might
           discharge
           a
           little
           Choler
           ,
           which
           had
           oppressed
           him
           for
           some
           time
           ?
           And
           his
           Physicians
           having
           given
           their
           Consent
           ,
           he
           ordered
           them
           to
           be
           soundly
           Bastonaded
           ,
           beginning
           with
           the
           Forster-Father
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           his
           Governour
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           the
           Chief
           Eunuchs
           of
           his
           Chamber
           ,
           he
           banished
           to
           the
           utmost
           Confines
           of
           Tartary
           .
           But
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           observed
           here
           ,
           that
           a
           good
           Bastonade
           or
           Whipping
           ,
           is
           an
           extraordinary
           Punishment
           in
           China
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Eastern-Parts
           ,
           which
           do
           not
           leave
           behind
           them
           any
           Stain
           of
           Infamy
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           with
           us
           in
           Europe
           ;
           nothing
           being
           more
           frequently
           to
           be
           seen
           ,
           than
           ,
           that
           the
           
           Emperour's
           Servants
           ,
           after
           they
           have
           been
           thus
           Chastised
           ,
           are
           put
           in
           their
           former
           
           Stations
           again
           ,
           and
           are
           admitted
           again
           even
           into
           the
           Emperour's
           presence
           ,
           who
           looks
           upon
           them
           never
           the
           worse
           for
           this
           Reason
           ,
           if
           they
           make
           an
           Amends
           for
           their
           past
           Misdemeanour
           by
           their
           future
           Good
           behaviour
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           is
           no
           less
           Master
           of
           his
           other
           ,
           than
           of
           this
           Passion
           ,
           and
           especially
           of
           that
           which
           is
           so
           predominant
           in
           most
           Courts
           of
           the
           Asiatick
           Princes
           ,
           and
           which
           at
           all
           times
           have
           been
           so
           far
           from
           being
           considered
           in
           China
           as
           a
           Vice
           ,
           that
           it
           has
           rather
           been
           authorised
           by
           Custom
           .
           Within
           the
           Pallace
           are
           entertained
           great
           Numbers
           of
           young
           Maids
           ,
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           Fairest
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           ,
           to
           be
           at
           the
           Disposal
           of
           their
           Prince
           ;
           And
           it
           is
           an
           antient
           Custom
           among
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           not
           to
           marry
           any
           of
           their
           Daughters
           ,
           but
           ,
           what
           has
           been
           first
           presented
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           ,
           without
           any
           further
           formality
           ,
           may
           retain
           which
           he
           pleases
           of
           them
           ,
           for
           his
           own
           use
           ;
           which
           is
           ,
           besides
           this
           ,
           look'd
           upon
           by
           their
           Kindred
           as
           a
           singular
           Honour
           done
           to
           their
           Family
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           to
           these
           most
           dangerous
           Customs
           ,
           which
           have
           proved
           the
           ruine
           of
           so
           many
           Emperours
           ;
           the
           Chineses
           may
           chiefly
           attribute
           these
           many
           Revolutions
           ,
           which
           have
           happened
           in
           their
           Empire
           ,
           their
           Princes
           being
           thereby
           enticed
           to
           abandon
           themselves
           altogether
           to
           Voluptuousness
           ,
           and
           whilst
           they
           pass'd
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           time
           among
           their
           Concubines
           ,
           leave
           the
           
           whole
           Management
           of
           publick
           Affairs
           to
           their
           Eunuchs
           and
           other
           Favourites
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           at
           this
           time
           sits
           upon
           the
           Chinese
           Throne
           ,
           is
           so
           far
           from
           indulging
           himself
           in
           these
           Pleasures
           ,
           that
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           he
           avoids
           even
           the
           least
           Opportunities
           ,
           and
           takes
           all
           the
           Precautions
           he
           can
           to
           render
           himself
           proof
           against
           all
           these
           Temptations
           .
        
         
           About
           some
           years
           ago
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           into
           the
           Province
           of
           Nanking
           ;
           they
           presented
           him
           ,
           according
           to
           Custom
           ,
           with
           seven
           of
           the
           Handsomest
           Maids
           of
           the
           whole
           Province
           ;
           but
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           accepting
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           not
           so
           much
           as
           look
           upon
           them
           .
           Some
           of
           his
           Courtiers
           ,
           who
           had
           free
           access
           to
           his
           Person
           ,
           having
           abused
           this
           Liberty
           ,
           by
           endeavouring
           to
           entice
           him
           to
           Voluptuousness
           ,
           they
           were
           never
           after
           look'd
           upon
           with
           a
           good
           eye
           by
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           found
           several
           ways
           to
           chastise
           them
           afterwards
           for
           their
           Misbehaviour
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           sensible
           how
           little
           Satisfaction
           he
           took
           ,
           and
           how
           much
           he
           stood
           upon
           his
           Guard
           against
           these
           Allurements
           ,
           which
           serve
           only
           to
           debase
           a
           Generous
           Soul.
           
        
         
           To
           remove
           all
           Opportunies
           of
           being
           drawn
           into
           the
           Snare
           of
           those
           pernicious
           Pleasures
           ,
           he
           employs
           his
           Time
           in
           the
           more
           Noble
           exercises
           both
           of
           his
           Mind
           and
           Spirit
           ;
           such
           as
           Travelling
           ,
           Hunting
           ,
           Fishing
           ,
           Horse-Races
           ,
           Exercises
           of
           Arms
           ,
           Reading
           of
           Books
           ,
           and
           the
           Study
           of
           useful
           Sciences
           .
           It
           is
           for
           this
           Reason
           he
           delights
           
           so
           much
           in
           taking
           long
           Journeys
           ,
           where
           the
           Women
           never
           follow
           the
           Court
           ;
           and
           ,
           besides
           that
           ,
           he
           allots
           himself
           every
           Year
           ,
           at
           least
           three
           Months
           for
           Hunting
           amongst
           the
           Mountainous
           parts
           of
           Tartary
           ,
           where
           even
           Necessity
           it self
           ,
           oblige
           the
           whole
           Court
           to
           abate
           much
           of
           these
           Pleasures
           they
           are
           wont
           to
           enjoy
           in
           China
           ;
           he
           frequently
           takes
           a
           Progress
           of
           15
           or
           20
           days
           ,
           to
           the
           Imperial
           Tombs
           of
           his
           Family
           ,
           where
           he
           spends
           most
           of
           his
           time
           in
           Hunting
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           is
           at
           Peking
           ,
           or
           at
           one
           of
           his
           two
           Country
           Seats
           near
           that
           City
           ,
           he
           often
           spends
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Day
           in
           Hunting
           .
           For
           this
           purpose
           ,
           he
           has
           a
           very
           fine
           Park
           ,
           about
           a
           Leagues
           distance
           from
           Peking
           ,
           of
           a
           quadrangular
           Figure
           ,
           surrounded
           with
           a
           very
           high
           Wall
           ,
           containing
           about
           sixteen
           Leagues
           in
           Circumference
           ,
           where
           great
           numbers
           of
           wild
           Beasts
           and
           Fowl
           are
           entertain'd
           for
           his
           constant
           Diversion
           .
           And
           as
           he
           takes
           particular
           Delight
           in
           Hunting
           the
           Tyger
           ,
           so
           he
           constantly
           takes
           care
           to
           have
           some
           young
           ones
           bred
           up
           in
           a
           small
           Park
           behind
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           which
           serve
           him
           for
           his
           Diversion
           when
           they
           are
           grown
           up
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           same
           reason
           it
           is
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           delights
           extreamly
           in
           Fishing
           ,
           and
           is
           well
           versed
           in
           every
           thing
           belonging
           to
           it
           .
           Sometimes
           you
           shall
           see
           him
           Fishing
           in
           the
           River
           of
           Peking
           ,
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Ponds
           belongining
           to
           the
           Gardens
           of
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           and
           his
           Country
           Seats
           ;
           sometimes
           
           he
           casts
           a
           Net
           ,
           at
           other
           times
           he
           Fishes
           with
           the
           Angle
           ;
           We
           have
           oftentimes
           receiv'd
           the
           honour
           of
           being
           presented
           with
           some
           of
           the
           Fish
           he
           catch'd
           with
           his
           own
           hands
           ;
           which
           is
           look'd
           upon
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           as
           a
           most
           particular
           mark
           of
           the
           Emperour's
           Favour
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Horse-Races
           ,
           tho'
           they
           are
           not
           so
           frequently
           practised
           ,
           yet
           once
           or
           twice
           a
           year
           he
           keeps
           Publick
           Horse-Races
           for
           his
           whole
           Court.
           Every
           one
           of
           the
           Princes
           and
           Grandees
           do
           here
           produce
           their
           finest
           and
           Swiftest
           Runners
           in
           their
           Stables
           .
           The
           Emperour
           likewise
           puts
           in
           his
           own
           Horses
           ,
           and
           sets
           a
           considerable
           Prize
           ,
           to
           be
           carried
           by
           the
           Horse
           ,
           that
           first
           comes
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Race
           .
           The
           Tartars
           in
           general
           are
           great
           Admirers
           of
           the
           Races
           ,
           and
           Ride
           sometimes
           Races
           of
           six
           or
           seven
           Leagues
           long
           ,
           without
           taking
           breath
           ,
           and
           with
           so
           much
           eagerness
           ,
           that
           often
           Horse
           and
           Man
           drops
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           notwithstanding
           which
           ,
           there
           do
           not
           want
           others
           ,
           who
           readily
           supply
           their
           places
           .
        
         
           The
           Horses
           commonly
           used
           among
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           no
           more
           than
           those
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           don't
           come
           near
           our
           European
           Horses
           of
           any
           Value
           ,
           either
           for
           shape
           ,
           or
           Generosity
           and
           Spirit
           .
           But
           they
           have
           this
           Advantage
           before
           most
           of
           our
           Horses
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           kept
           with
           much
           less
           Trouble
           and
           Charges
           ;
           and
           yet
           will
           endure
           more
           Fatigues
           and
           run
           both
           longer
           and
           swifter
           .
        
         
         
           We
           have
           told
           you
           before
           that
           this
           Prince
           is
           very
           aderoit
           in
           managing
           the
           Bow
           and
           Fire-lock
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           other
           Bodily
           Exercises
           ;
           and
           what
           wonder
           is
           it
           ,
           if
           he
           takes
           particular
           delight
           ,
           to
           instruct
           his
           Sons
           in
           the
           same
           exercises
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           is
           so
           great
           a
           Master
           himself
           .
        
         
           He
           is
           no
           less
           careful
           in
           keeping
           his
           Troops
           in
           continual
           exercise
           ;
           Four
           Months
           in
           the
           year
           are
           appointed
           on
           purpose
           for
           the
           exercising
           the
           Souldiers
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           Military
           Actions
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           two
           Months
           in
           the
           Spring
           ,
           and
           two
           in
           Autumn
           ;
           but
           especially
           those
           quartered
           in
           and
           about
           the
           City
           of
           Peking
           ,
           of
           which
           one
           fifth
           part
           is
           drawn
           out
           into
           Field
           ,
           to
           do
           their
           exercises
           every
           day
           .
           Sometimes
           the
           Emperour
           takes
           a
           review
           of
           them
           altogether
           ,
           sometimes
           some
           part
           of
           them
           in
           Person
           ,
           where
           Prizes
           are
           allotted
           those
           who
           manage
           their
           Arms
           with
           most
           dexterity
           .
           When
           they
           Shoot
           at
           the
           Mark
           ,
           every
           Foot
           or
           Horse
           Souldier
           ,
           who
           Shoots
           with
           his
           Arrow
           within
           the
           Circle
           receives
           a
           Reward
           of
           three
           Shillings
           and
           Six-pence
           .
        
         
           If
           but
           a
           private
           Centinal's
           place
           be
           vacant
           in
           the
           Emperour's
           Troops
           ,
           there
           are
           many
           ready
           to
           offer
           their
           Service
           ;
           whereas
           in
           Europe
           ,
           our
           Officers
           cannot
           compleat
           sometimes
           their
           Companies
           ,
           but
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Trouble
           ;
           the
           Emperour
           lays
           his
           strict
           Commands
           upon
           his
           Officers
           ,
           always
           to
           pick
           out
           those
           they
           find
           most
           Accomplished
           in
           managing
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           other
           Military
           exercises
           ,
           there
           being
           none
           to
           
           be
           admitted
           without
           having
           undergone
           the
           Toil
           of
           it
           .
           But
           ,
           when
           any
           place
           either
           of
           a
           Common
           Soldier
           ,
           or
           Mandarin
           of
           his
           Guards
           ,
           happens
           to
           be
           vacant
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           takes
           effectual
           Care
           himself
           ,
           that
           his
           Orders
           as
           to
           this
           point
           ,
           may
           be
           put
           in
           execution
           with
           the
           greatest
           exactness
           imaginable
           .
           For
           ,
           so
           often
           as
           a
           vacant
           place
           is
           to
           be
           supplied
           among
           the
           Troops
           of
           the
           Houshold
           ,
           those
           who
           desire
           to
           be
           admitted
           into
           it
           ,
           are
           brought
           into
           His
           Majesty's
           presence
           ,
           who
           examines
           them
           concerning
           such
           Matters
           as
           belong
           to
           their
           several
           Stations
           ,
           and
           always
           gives
           preferrence
           to
           those
           ,
           whom
           he
           finds
           best
           Qualified
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           never
           neglects
           any
           thing
           which
           he
           judges
           may
           in
           the
           least
           contribute
           to
           the
           Preservation
           and
           Securi-of
           the
           State.
           He
           was
           no
           sooner
           instructed
           in
           what
           belong
           to
           the
           Casting
           of
           Cannons
           ,
           as
           used
           in
           Europe
           ,
           but
           he
           caused
           a
           great
           Quantity
           to
           be
           cast
           in
           Imitation
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           many
           of
           his
           Subjects
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           Great
           Artillery
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           Cannoneering
           as
           Bombarding
           of
           places
           .
           He
           ordered
           a
           prodigious
           Quantity
           of
           Brass
           Field-pieces
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           which
           are
           portable
           upon
           a
           Horse
           or
           Mule
           ;
           another
           Horse
           being
           alloted
           to
           each
           ,
           for
           the
           Carriage
           and
           Ammunition
           belonging
           to
           it
           ,
           all
           of
           his
           own
           Inventing
           .
        
         
         
           In
           a
           late
           Battle
           fought
           betwixt
           his
           Troops
           and
           those
           of
           the
           Tartarian
           King
           of
           Eluth
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           observed
           ,
           that
           the
           Enemy
           by
           their
           Fire-Arms
           ,
           had
           done
           the
           greatest
           mischief
           to
           his
           Forces
           ;
           that
           their
           continual
           Firing
           upon
           his
           Horse
           ,
           had
           forced
           them
           back
           out
           of
           their
           Lines
           ,
           and
           consequently
           had
           prevented
           them
           from
           putting
           the
           Enemies
           .
           Army
           to
           an
           entire
           Rout
           ;
           ever
           since
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           has
           taken
           care
           to
           have
           part
           of
           his
           Troops
           ,
           but
           especially
           those
           of
           his
           Houshold
           ,
           to
           be
           instructed
           as
           well
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           Fire-lock
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           Bow.
           
        
         
           What
           leisure
           time
           this
           Prince
           has
           ,
           is
           altogether
           employed
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           Improvement
           of
           his
           Mind
           ,
           or
           useful
           exercise
           of
           his
           Body
           .
           For
           besides
           what
           is
           spent
           in
           Reading
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Books
           ,
           and
           European
           Treatises
           concerning
           many
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           after
           he
           has
           been
           fully
           instructed
           in
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           nothing
           is
           more
           frequent
           ,
           for
           some
           years
           last
           past
           ,
           than
           to
           see
           him
           either
           at
           Peking
           ,
           or
           at
           his
           Country
           Seats
           ,
           nay
           even
           in
           his
           Progresses
           into
           Tartary
           ,
           to
           take
           the
           greatest
           Pleasure
           in
           the
           World
           to
           make
           some
           Astronomical
           or
           Geometrical
           Observations
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           those
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ,
           which
           are
           carried
           after
           him
           ,
           wherever
           he
           goes
           .
           Sometimes
           you
           would
           see
           him
           to
           take
           the
           hight
           of
           the
           Sun
           at
           Noon
           ;
           sometimes
           the
           Hour
           and
           Minute
           with
           an
           Astronomical
           Ring
           ,
           to
           investigate
           the
           elevation
           of
           the
           Pole.
           
           At
           other
           times
           ,
           you
           might
           find
           him
           measuring
           the
           hight
           of
           some
           Tower
           or
           Mountain
           ,
           or
           the
           Distance
           of
           some
           remarkable
           Places
           .
           Oftentimes
           he
           would
           employ
           himself
           in
           Calculating
           the
           length
           of
           the
           Shadow
           of
           a
           Stick
           at
           Noon
           of
           a
           certain
           day
           .
           As
           the
           Observations
           made
           by
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           Father
           Gerbillon
           ,
           who
           commonly
           attended
           him
           in
           his
           Progresses
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           Observations
           at
           the
           same
           time
           with
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           did
           generally
           agree
           very
           exactly
           with
           one
           another
           ;
           so
           the
           whole
           Court
           was
           over-joyed
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           scarce
           any
           Prince
           ,
           or
           Person
           of
           Quality
           ,
           who
           were
           not
           desirous
           ,
           to
           have
           at
           least
           their
           Children
           instructed
           in
           those
           Sciences
           ,
           which
           they
           so
           much
           admired
           ;
           but
           dispair'd
           of
           ever
           being
           able
           to
           attain
           to
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           them
           themselves
           .
        
         
           After
           Father
           Fontenay
           and
           Father
           Visdelou
           came
           to
           Peking
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           had
           the
           Curiosity
           to
           be
           instructed
           by
           them
           concerning
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Pendulum
           ,
           fitted
           for
           Coelestial
           Observations
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Level
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Instruments
           ,
           which
           these
           Father
           's
           presented
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           immediately
           after
           their
           arrival
           .
           They
           were
           not
           sparing
           in
           their
           Labour
           ,
           and
           after
           they
           had
           explain'd
           to
           him
           many
           Curious
           Propositions
           concerning
           several
           points
           of
           Astronomy
           ;
           they
           having
           likewise
           mentioned
           to
           him
           two
           new
           Methods
           to
           find
           out
           the
           Ecclipses
           ,
           of
           the
           Invention
           of
           Mr.
           Cassini
           ,
           and
           Mr.
           De-la-hire
           ;
           he
           
           was
           so
           extreamly
           taken
           with
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           needs
           be
           informed
           concerning
           these
           Methods
           ,
           for
           which
           reason
           he
           ordered
           these
           Fathers
           to
           draw
           up
           the
           necessary
           Figures
           for
           their
           Explication
           .
        
         
           To
           give
           the
           most
           ample
           demonstration
           to
           the
           World
           that
           could
           be
           ,
           how
           much
           he
           delighted
           in
           all
           these
           noble
           Exercises
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           re-establish
           the
           most
           useful
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           in
           his
           Empire
           .
           That
           which
           chiefly
           made
           him
           take
           this
           Resolution
           ,
           was
           his
           frequent
           Conversation
           with
           the
           European
           Authors
           ,
           and
           especially
           those
           of
           France
           ,
           who
           have
           treated
           of
           these
           Matters
           ;
           Add
           to
           this
           ,
           that
           we
           never
           let
           slip
           the
           least
           opportunity
           that
           offered
           ,
           for
           to
           enlarge
           our selves
           in
           our
           Discourses
           upon
           the
           Subject
           of
           those
           several
           Famous
           Academies
           ,
           erected
           ender
           his
           present
           Majesty's
           Reign
           in
           Paris
           ,
           for
           the
           Encouragement
           of
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ;
           and
           to
           what
           a
           degree
           of
           perfection
           the
           same
           were
           brought
           ,
           under
           the
           protection
           of
           
             Lewis
             the
             Great
          
           ,
           who
           by
           his
           Royal
           Munificence
           had
           drawn
           thither
           the
           most
           Eloquent
           Masters
           of
           all
           kinds
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           in
           Imitation
           of
           that
           same
           Model
           ,
           we
           had
           given
           him
           of
           this
           Academy
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           laid
           the
           Foundation
           of
           an
           Academy
           of
           Painters
           ,
           of
           
             Engravers
             ,
             Carvers
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Artists
           in
           Brass
           and
           Copper
           ;
           for
           Clock-Works
           and
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           ;
           assigning
           them
           certain
           Appartments
           about
           five
           Years
           ago
           within
           the
           precinct
           of
           his
           own
           Pallace
           ,
           
           give
           them
           all
           due
           Encouragement
           ,
           and
           to
           create
           among
           them
           a
           kind
           of
           Emulation
           ,
           he
           used
           to
           set
           them
           for
           Patterns
           those
           pieces
           which
           were
           made
           in
           Europe
           ,
           and
           especially
           those
           made
           at
           Paris
           .
           And
           as
           he
           is
           an
           excellent
           Judge
           both
           of
           the
           Goodness
           and
           Beauty
           of
           all
           Sorts
           of
           Curious
           Workmanship
           ,
           he
           has
           every
           day
           ,
           if
           he
           is
           at
           Peking
           ,
           or
           every
           other
           day
           ,
           if
           at
           one
           of
           his
           Country
           Houses
           ,
           at
           a
           certain
           hour
           brought
           to
           him
           the
           several
           pieces
           of
           these
           New
           Academnians
           .
           He
           takes
           a
           view
           and
           examines
           every
           thing
           with
           all
           Nicety
           imaginable
           ;
           finds
           fault
           with
           what
           is
           defective
           ,
           and
           gives
           due
           praise
           to
           those
           that
           deserve
           it
           ;
           and
           retains
           for
           his
           own
           use
           what
           he
           finds
           as
           most
           exact
           and
           perfect
           .
           He
           also
           bestows
           some
           Publick
           Marks
           of
           his
           Favour
           upon
           all
           those
           Artists
           ,
           whom
           he
           finds
           industrious
           in
           improving
           their
           Natural
           Talent
           ,
           and
           passionate
           for
           to
           bring
           their
           Pieces
           to
           the
           utmost
           degree
           of
           perfection
           ;
           Some
           of
           whom
           he
           has
           elevated
           to
           the
           Dignity
           of
           Mandarins
           ,
           and
           has
           caused
           them
           to
           be
           invested
           with
           those
           Ceremonies
           and
           Titles
           which
           are
           the
           ordinary
           Marks
           of
           these
           Honours
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           was
           pleased
           to
           bestow
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           as
           absolute
           a
           Master
           as
           he
           is
           ,
           both
           of
           his
           Subjects
           and
           Passions
           ,
           would
           not
           be
           look'd
           upon
           by
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           as
           an
           accomplish'd
           Monarch
           ,
           if
           besides
           his
           many
           other
           great
           Qualifications
           ,
           he
           had
           not
           also
           a
           particular
           Respect
           and
           Tenderness
           for
           his
           Kindred
           .
           
           As
           the
           principal
           Duty
           in
           reference
           of
           those
           that
           are
           next
           of
           Kin
           ,
           consists
           in
           that
           respect
           which
           is
           due
           from
           Children
           to
           their
           Parents
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           tenderness
           of
           Parents
           to
           their
           Children
           ;
           So
           this
           Prince
           has
           signalized
           himself
           in
           these
           two
           points
           ,
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           what
           relates
           to
           the
           first
           of
           these
           two
           Duties
           ,
           which
           is
           considered
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           as
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Essential
           parts
           of
           Morality
           ;
           the
           present
           Emperour
           having
           been
           bereaved
           of
           both
           of
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           the
           Empress
           his
           Mother
           ,
           in
           his
           very
           Infancy
           ;
           the
           old
           Empress
           his
           Grand-mother
           ,
           which
           survived
           them
           for
           a
           considerable
           time
           ,
           was
           always
           both
           in
           her
           life-time
           ,
           and
           after
           her
           death
           ,
           the
           true
           Object
           of
           his
           filial
           Respect
           ;
           as
           the
           Prince
           was
           the
           most
           perfect
           Pattern
           of
           Dutyfulness
           ,
           that
           ever
           was
           heard
           of
           before
           ,
           even
           in
           China
           it self
           .
           She
           was
           the
           only
           person
           ,
           that
           took
           care
           of
           his
           Education
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           incredible
           ,
           with
           what
           Submission
           he
           could
           receive
           her
           Instructions
           ;
           how
           he
           never
           failed
           to
           attend
           her
           continually
           ,
           and
           what
           Inquietudes
           might
           be
           observed
           in
           his
           very
           Countenance
           ,
           when
           at
           any
           time
           he
           had
           notice
           given
           him
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           never
           so
           little
           out
           of
           Order
           ;
           upon
           which
           occasion
           ,
           he
           has
           sometimes
           left
           off
           Hunting
           immediately
           ,
           and
           Rid
           three
           or
           fourscore
           Miles
           Post
           ,
           to
           give
           her
           a
           Visit.
           
        
         
           But
           those
           that
           have
           been
           Eye
           witness
           of
           what
           he
           did
           at
           the
           time
           of
           Her
           Death
           ,
           will
           readily
           confess
           that
           nothing
           could
           
           pass
           his
           Tenderness
           towards
           his
           Grand-Mother
           .
           For
           he
           caused
           not
           only
           the
           whole
           Court
           ,
           but
           the
           whole
           Empire
           to
           go
           into
           Mourning
           ,
           for
           fifteen
           days
           together
           ,
           that
           the
           Dead
           Body
           of
           the
           Empress
           lay
           in
           State
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           general
           suspension
           of
           all
           publick
           Affairs
           ;
           All
           the
           Grandees
           and
           Mandarins
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           most
           inconsiderable
           Officers
           were
           forced
           to
           attend
           Day
           and
           Night
           in
           the
           several
           Courts
           of
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           where
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Rigour
           of
           the
           Winter
           Season
           ,
           they
           were
           to
           bewail
           the
           Loss
           of
           this
           Princess
           .
        
         
           He
           himself
           could
           not
           be
           perswaded
           to
           leave
           the
           Coffin
           ,
           and
           would
           sometimes
           tarry
           in
           the
           same
           Appartment
           where
           She
           lay
           ,
           whole
           Nights
           together
           without
           taking
           rest
           .
           He
           ordered
           a
           most
           magnificent
           Funeral
           to
           be
           Celebrated
           ,
           which
           cost
           several
           Millions
           ,
           to
           give
           the
           most
           evident
           proof
           of
           his
           respect
           to
           the
           deceased
           Princess
           ,
           he
           followed
           the
           Corps
           in
           Person
           with
           his
           whole
           Court
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           to
           the
           Place
           of
           Burial
           ,
           which
           was
           25
           Leagues
           distant
           from
           Peking
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           near
           four
           Months
           after
           her
           Death
           ,
           before
           the
           Celebration
           of
           these
           Funeral
           Rites
           ;
           the
           Emperour
           having
           caused
           the
           Corps
           to
           be
           deposited
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           in
           one
           of
           the
           Royal
           Pallaces
           without
           the
           City
           ,
           whither
           he
           followed
           it
           on
           foot
           ,
           with
           all
           his
           Children
           ,
           that
           were
           of
           a
           fit
           Age
           to
           walk
           .
        
         
         
           During
           these
           four
           Months
           ,
           it
           laid
           in
           State
           there
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           went
           constantly
           three
           or
           four
           times
           a
           Week
           ,
           to
           pay
           his
           Duty
           to
           the
           Deceased
           ,
           and
           to
           Deplore
           the
           Loss
           of
           this
           Incomparable
           Princess
           .
           Near
           the
           Sepulchre
           where
           her
           Body
           was
           Interr'd
           ,
           he
           built
           a
           very
           Magnificent
           Pallace
           ,
           surrounded
           with
           a
           great
           many
           fair
           Lodgings
           ,
           for
           the
           convenient
           Entertainment
           of
           a
           Considerable
           Number
           of
           Gentlemen
           ,
           whose
           Business
           it
           was
           to
           do
           all
           imaginable
           Honour
           to
           the
           Memory
           of
           this
           Princess
           ,
           by
           their
           Lamentations
           ,
           and
           other
           Ceremonies
           used
           among
           the
           Chineses
           upon
           such
           like
           Occasions
           .
        
         
           For
           whole
           three
           years
           after
           ,
           neither
           he
           nor
           his
           whole
           Court
           took
           any
           publick
           Divertisements
           ;
           such
           as
           Plays
           ,
           Musick
           ,
           Feasting
           ,
           &c.
           
           During
           which
           time
           ,
           he
           took
           several
           Progresses
           every
           year
           to
           the
           Sepulchre
           ,
           (
           notwithstanding
           its
           distance
           from
           Peking
           )
           where
           he
           spent
           his
           time
           in
           giving
           all
           the
           imaginable
           Demonstrations
           of
           his
           Respect
           towards
           the
           deceased
           Princess
           ;
           and
           continues
           it
           since
           ,
           after
           the
           expiration
           of
           these
           three
           years
           alloted
           for
           the
           Mourning
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           it
           from
           very
           good
           hands
           ,
           that
           even
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           when
           he
           happens
           to
           pass
           by
           the
           Appartment
           where
           the
           Empress
           died
           ,
           he
           cannot
           forbear
           to
           shed
           Tears
           .
        
         
           As
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           has
           made
           himself
           the
           Admiration
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           by
           these
           unparallell'd
           Examples
           of
           Piety
           and
           Filial
           Respect
           to
           his
           Illustrious
           
           Grand-mother
           ;
           so
           the
           Love
           he
           bears
           to
           his
           Children
           ,
           and
           the
           Care
           he
           takes
           without
           intermission
           of
           their
           Education
           ,
           have
           no
           less
           gain'd
           him
           the
           Hearts
           of
           all
           his
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1694
           ,
           (
           when
           I
           left
           China
           )
           he
           had
           fourteen
           Sons
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           many
           Daughters
           living
           ,
           by
           several
           Wives
           ,
           who
           for
           the
           most
           part
           are
           Dignified
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           Queen
           ;
           it
           being
           sufficiently
           known
           ,
           that
           Polygamy
           is
           more
           encouraged
           in
           China
           ,
           than
           in
           any
           other
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           because
           the
           Chineses
           look
           upon
           a
           numerous
           Posterity
           ,
           as
           the
           greatest
           Happiness
           in
           this
           World.
           We
           had
           the
           Honour
           of
           being
           acquainted
           with
           ten
           of
           the
           fourteen
           Sons
           ,
           who
           were
           all
           very
           Handsom
           ,
           and
           gave
           us
           great
           hopes
           of
           their
           future
           Creatness
           ,
           the
           other
           four
           living
           ,
           being
           as
           yet
           not
           past
           their
           Infancy
           .
        
         
           Those
           who
           have
           the
           Tuition
           of
           these
           young
           Princes
           ,
           are
           chosen
           from
           among
           the
           most
           Learned
           Doctors
           of
           the
           Imperial
           College
           .
           Their
           Governours
           are
           persons
           of
           the
           first
           Rank
           ,
           and
           of
           known
           Merit
           ,
           who
           have
           been
           brought
           up
           at
           the
           Emperour's
           Court
           from
           their
           Infancy
           .
           Besides
           these
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           himself
           keeps
           a
           watchful
           eye
           over
           all
           the
           Actions
           of
           these
           Princes
           ,
           and
           takes
           particular
           Notice
           of
           what
           progress
           they
           make
           in
           their
           Studies
           ;
           sometimes
           he
           peruses
           their
           Compositions
           ,
           and
           makes
           them
           explain
           some
           Passages
           in
           their
           Books
           in
           his
           presence
           .
        
         
         
           But
           ,
           above
           all
           ,
           he
           makes
           it
           the
           Chief
           Care
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           to
           see
           them
           instructed
           in
           every
           thing
           tending
           to
           Vertue
           and
           the
           useful
           Exercises
           of
           the
           Body
           .
           No
           sooner
           are
           they
           able
           to
           walk
           upright
           ,
           but
           they
           are
           taught
           to
           mount
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           to
           use
           both
           the
           Bow
           and
           Fire-Arms
           ;
           which
           Exercises
           are
           their
           daily
           Recreations
           and
           Divertisements
           .
           He
           will
           not
           allow
           them
           to
           be
           too
           tenderly
           used
           ,
           but
           on
           the
           contrary
           orders
           them
           to
           be
           accustomed
           in
           their
           early
           Years
           to
           all
           sorts
           of
           Fatigues
           ,
           and
           even
           the
           coursest
           sort
           of
           Meat
           .
           I
           cannot
           forbear
           on
           this
           Occasion
           to
           give
           you
           an
           Account
           of
           what
           I
           heard
           Father
           Gerbillon
           relate
           one
           day
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           about
           six
           years
           ago
           ,
           after
           his
           return
           from
           a
           long
           Journey
           into
           Tartary
           ,
           whither
           he
           had
           attended
           the
           present
           Emperour
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Progresses
           .
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           had
           at
           that
           time
           taken
           along
           with
           him
           only
           his
           Eldest
           Son
           ,
           and
           two
           more
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           Third
           and
           the
           Fourth
           ;
           but
           after
           he
           had
           spent
           some
           days
           in
           Hunting
           ,
           he
           sent
           likewise
           for
           four
           more
           of
           his
           Sons
           ,
           the
           eldest
           of
           those
           being
           but
           Twelve
           ,
           and
           the
           youngest
           Nine
           years
           of
           Age.
           All
           these
           young
           Princes
           were
           for
           a
           Month
           together
           every
           day
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           a
           Hunting
           among
           the
           Mountains
           of
           Tartary
           ,
           exposed
           to
           the
           Heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           with
           their
           Bows
           in
           Hand
           ,
           and
           Quivers
           at
           their
           Backs
           ,
           which
           they
           managed
           with
           so
           much
           Dexterity
           ,
           that
           their
           pass'd
           not
           a
           day
           ,
           but
           each
           of
           them
           kill'd
           some
           wild
           
           Fowl
           or
           other
           ;
           and
           the
           first
           time
           they
           went
           abroad
           a
           Hunting
           ,
           the
           youngest
           kill'd
           two
           Stags
           with
           his
           Arrow
           .
        
         
           They
           were
           well
           vers'd
           in
           and
           spoke
           both
           the
           Tartarian
           and
           Chinese
           Languages
           ;
           and
           had
           already
           made
           such
           progress
           in
           the
           Study
           of
           the
           Chinese
           Characters
           ,
           that
           the
           youngest
           was
           come
           to
           the
           last
           Book
           of
           the
           Morals
           of
           Confucius
           ,
           having
           gone
           through
           the
           three
           first
           Parts
           before
           .
           The
           Emperour
           will
           not
           suffer
           them
           to
           be
           encouraged
           in
           the
           least
           Fault
           they
           commit
           ,
           their
           Education
           being
           much
           more
           strict
           ,
           than
           what
           is
           commonly
           practised
           in
           Europe
           ;
           for
           which
           Reason
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           if
           those
           ,
           to
           whose
           Tuition
           they
           are
           committed
           ,
           should
           pretend
           to
           dissemble
           or
           hide
           any
           of
           their
           Faults
           ,
           they
           are
           sure
           to
           meet
           with
           severe
           Punishment
           from
           the
           Emperour
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           an
           antient
           Custom
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           to
           dignifie
           the
           Emperour's
           Children
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           King
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           are
           arriv'd
           to
           the
           Age
           of
           Sixteen
           or
           Seventeen
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           they
           are
           provided
           with
           a
           Pallace
           ,
           their
           own
           Servants
           ,
           and
           a
           proportionable
           Revenue
           to
           sustain
           their
           Grandeur
           ;
           But
           ,
           when
           I
           left
           China
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour
           kept
           as
           yet
           his
           eldest
           Son
           with
           him
           in
           his
           own
           Pallace
           ,
           without
           any
           particular
           Attendance
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           then
           near
           three
           and
           twenty
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           was
           Married
           ,
           and
           had
           several
           Children
           .
           The
           Emperour
           is
           extreamly
           fond
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           him
           his
           Due
           ,
           he
           is
           a
           young
           Prince
           very
           Deserving
           ;
           Handsom
           ,
           Witty
           ,
           
           and
           endowed
           with
           many
           other
           Noble
           Qualifications
           .
        
         
           The
           Tribunal
           of
           Princes
           ,
           and
           of
           Officers
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           did
           some
           years
           ago
           present
           a
           Petition
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           this
           Son
           ,
           whom
           they
           desired
           to
           be
           Dignified
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           King.
           But
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           without
           answering
           their
           Petition
           ,
           kept
           him
           near
           him
           as
           before
           ;
           and
           we
           have
           seen
           him
           duly
           every
           day
           go
           to
           that
           Appartment
           next
           adjoyning
           to
           the
           Emperour
           's
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           School
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           where
           they
           pass
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           Time
           in
           their
           Studies
           ,
           and
           other
           useful
           exercises
           .
           His
           Majesty
           comes
           thither
           frequently
           to
           visit
           them
           ,
           and
           examines
           them
           what
           progress
           they
           make
           .
        
         
           But
           above
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           the
           Education
           of
           his
           Second
           Son
           ,
           who
           is
           declared
           Hoang-Tai-Tse
           ,
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Hereditary
           Prince
           ,
           or
           Successour
           in
           the
           Empire
           ,
           he
           being
           the
           First-born
           by
           the
           Empress
           his
           first
           Spouse
           ;
           the
           Education
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           seems
           to
           be
           the
           Chiefest
           Care
           of
           the
           present
           Emperour
           :
           There
           is
           a
           particular
           Tribunal
           appointed
           ,
           whose
           Business
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           instruct
           this
           Prince
           in
           every
           thing
           that
           belongs
           to
           the
           Accomplishment
           of
           so
           Great
           a
           Monarch
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Art
           of
           Government
           ;
           The
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           is
           extreamly
           vigilant
           in
           every
           thing
           that
           concerns
           his
           Education
           ,
           and
           takes
           an
           exact
           Account
           from
           time
           to
           time
           of
           all
           his
           Actions
           ,
           being
           willing
           to
           qualifie
           him
           in
           
           time
           for
           the
           Management
           of
           so
           vast
           an
           Empire
           .
           And
           it
           must
           be
           confess'd
           that
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           now
           is
           of
           about
           twenty
           three
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           is
           one
           of
           the
           Handsomest
           Persons
           in
           the
           whole
           Court
           of
           Peking
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           is
           preferable
           to
           all
           others
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           many
           Noble
           Qualities
           ;
           there
           being
           not
           one-among
           all
           his
           Domesticks
           ,
           but
           what
           speak
           of
           him
           with
           the
           greatest
           Reverence
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           and
           are
           fully
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           he
           will
           tred
           in
           his
           Father's
           Footsteps
           ,
           and
           be
           one
           day
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Glorious
           Monarchs
           ,
           that
           ever
           ascended
           the
           Chinese
           Throne
        
         
           But
           ,
           that
           which
           obliges
           us
           to
           have
           a
           most
           particular
           Esteem
           for
           this
           Prince
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           being
           by
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           always
           inspired
           with
           favourable
           Sentiments
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           and
           the
           Missionaries
           ,
           we
           have
           always
           observed
           in
           his
           Person
           an
           Affection
           for
           us
           ,
           equal
           to
           that
           of
           the
           Emperour
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           about
           five
           year
           pass'd
           ,
           when
           the
           Emperour
           having
           shewn
           him
           the
           Observatory
           of
           Peking
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Mathematical
           Instruments
           there
           ,
           he
           told
           the
           Prince
           ,
           That
           the
           Empire
           of
           China
           stood
           indebted
           to
           Father
           Verbiest
           ,
           for
           these
           many
           Curious
           and
           Magnificent
           Engines
           ,
           making
           a
           large
           recital
           of
           the
           services
           done
           by
           this
           Father
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Missionaries
           ,
           to
           the
           late
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           .
        
         
           The
           same
           day
           that
           I
           had
           my
           Audience
           of
           leave
           from
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           this
           young
           Prince
           made
           me
           a
           Present
           of
           one
           of
           his
           
           own
           Suits
           of
           Cloaths
           ,
           which
           is
           look'd
           upon
           as
           a
           most
           particular
           Favour
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ;
           and
           this
           Present
           was
           accompanied
           with
           Words
           ,
           so
           obliging
           on
           his
           side
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           World
           to
           have
           a
           high
           Esteem
           of
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           Person
           .
           It
           was
           ,
           indeed
           ,
           our
           opinion
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           by
           the
           Emperour's
           means
           ,
           I
           received
           this
           Favour
           from
           the
           Prince
           ,
           he
           having
           sent
           twice
           to
           me
           a
           little
           before
           ,
           to
           know
           ,
           Whether
           Hoang-Tai-Tse
           made
           me
           any
           Present
           ?
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           this
           young
           Prince
           made
           likewise
           a
           Present
           of
           one
           of
           his
           own
           Suits
           of
           Cloaths
           ,
           to
           Father
           Gerbillon
           ,
           with
           about
           fifty
           Pistols
           in
           it
           ,
           accompanied
           with
           this
           obliging
           Message
           ;
           That
           being
           sensible
           that
           the
           Missionaries
           did
           not
           look
           for
           any
           Recompense
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           he
           had
           sent
           him
           this
           small
           Present
           ,
           as
           a
           Token
           of
           his
           Affection
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Satisfaction
           he
           took
           in
           the
           Recovery
           of
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           who
           stood
           indebted
           for
           it
           ,
           to
           the
           Care
           of
           Father
           Gerbillon
           .
        
         
           The
           same
           day
           that
           Father
           
             de
             Fontenay
          
           ,
           and
           Father
           Visdelou
           came
           to
           Peking
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           being
           indisposed
           ,
           and
           keeping
           his
           Bed
           ,
           could
           not
           immediately
           admit
           them
           to
           his
           Presence
           ,
           as
           he
           would
           certainly
           have
           done
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           been
           well
           ;
           But
           Hoang-Tai-Tse
           ,
           having
           received
           a
           very
           advantageous
           Character
           of
           them
           before
           ,
           was
           very
           desirous
           to
           see
           them
           ,
           and
           received
           them
           in
           a
           most
           obliging
           manner
           .
           This
           Prince
           ,
           who
           is
           very
           well
           versed
           in
           all
           the
           Books
           
           and
           Sciences
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ;
           having
           understood
           ,
           that
           Father
           Visdelou
           had
           made
           a
           considerable
           progress
           in
           these
           Studies
           ,
           was
           very
           desirous
           to
           be
           convinced
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           For
           which
           purpose
           ,
           having
           shew'd
           him
           divers
           of
           the
           most
           difficult
           Passages
           in
           some
           of
           their
           Antient
           Books
           ,
           which
           Father
           Visdelou
           explained
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           exactness
           ,
           he
           was
           over-joyed
           to
           see
           ,
           that
           this
           Father
           was
           as
           well
           versed
           in
           the
           Chinese
           Books
           ,
           as
           most
           of
           their
           own
           Doctors
           .
           But
           his
           satisfaction
           encreased
           more
           and
           more
           ,
           when
           having
           asked
           Father
           Visdelou
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Conformity
           betwixt
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Confucius
           ,
           and
           the
           Antient
           Chineses
           ,
           and
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           he
           received
           for
           Answer
           from
           this
           Father
           ,
           That
           this
           Antient
           Doctrine
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           contradictory
           to
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           a
           great
           uniformity
           betwixt
           both
           their
           Principles
           .
           This
           Prince
           being
           thereby
           brought
           to
           the
           knowledge
           of
           some
           of
           the
           Fundamental
           Points
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           seems
           to
           be
           convinced
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           That
           the
           Antient
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Chineses
           was
           founded
           upon
           the
           same
           Principles
           with
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
        
         
           I
           say
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ;
           For
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           a
           considerable
           time
           ago
           ,
           this
           Prince
           has
           been
           convinced
           of
           this
           Truth
           ;
           of
           which
           he
           has
           given
           us
           very
           evident
           and
           Authentick
           
           Proofs
           upon
           several
           occasions
           .
           And
           it
           was
           ,
           without
           question
           ,
           this
           Consideration
           ,
           that
           prevailed
           with
           him
           ,
           to
           allow
           the
           free
           Exercise
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           throughout
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           in
           so
           Publick
           and
           solemn
           a
           manner
           ,
           which
           I
           am
           well
           satisfied
           ,
           he
           would
           never
           have
           done
           ,
           (
           he
           being
           a
           very
           Politick
           Prince
           )
           if
           he
           had
           had
           the
           least
           doubt
           that
           the
           Fundamental
           Maxims
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           which
           flow
           from
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           and
           are
           its
           perfection
           ,
           were
           contradictory
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Antient
           Chineses
           ;
           which
           if
           considered
           in
           its
           genuine
           Purity
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           Principles
           Established
           by
           the
           Antient
           Sages
           of
           China
           ,
           free
           from
           those
           additional
           Corruptions
           inserted
           by
           their
           Modern
           Doctors
           ,
           is
           altogether
           the
           same
           with
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           The
           Emperour
           was
           fully
           convinced
           of
           this
           Truth
           by
           the
           reading
           of
           that
           excellent
           Treatise
           of
           Father
           Ricei
           which
           Treats
           expresly
           of
           this
           Matter
           ;
           and
           being
           in
           so
           high
           an
           esteem
           among
           all
           the
           Learned
           Men
           of
           China
           ,
           did
           ,
           as
           we
           mentioned
           before
           ,
           at
           last
           fall
           ,
           into
           the
           Emperour's
           hands
           ;
           which
           induced
           him
           to
           grant
           us
           the
           free
           exercise
           of
           our
           Holy
           Religion
           ,
           which
           we
           would
           not
           as
           much
           as
           have
           hoped
           for
           ,
           without
           the
           particular
           Assistance
           and
           Mercy
           of
           the
           Almighty
           .
        
         
           The
           Title
           belonging
           this
           Great
           Prince
           of
           being
           the
           Chief
           or
           Supream
           Head
           of
           their
           Religion
           ,
           and
           his
           exquisite
           Judgment
           ,
           improved
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           ,
           by
           the
           long
           Study
           of
           so
           many
           Books
           ,
           especially
           
           of
           them
           relating
           to
           those
           Antient
           Chinese
           Religion
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           great
           Weight
           to
           any
           unbyass'd
           Person
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           what
           relates
           to
           Hoang-Tai-Tse
           ,
           I
           have
           it
           from
           unquestionable
           hands
           ,
           That
           since
           my
           departure
           from
           Peking
           ,
           he
           treads
           altogether
           in
           his
           Father's
           Footsteps
           ,
           and
           gives
           our
           Missionaries
           frequent
           Proofs
           of
           his
           Esteem
           and
           Affection
           both
           for
           their
           Religion
           and
           Persons
           .
           Just
           as
           I
           was
           ready
           to
           Embarque
           in
           the
           Port
           of
           Cantore
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           my
           return
           into
           France
           ,
           I
           received
           a
           Letter
           from
           Father
           Gerbillon
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           assured
           me
           ,
           That
           in
           one
           of
           the
           late
           Progresses
           of
           the
           Emperour
           into
           Tartary
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           attended
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           always
           used
           to
           do
           ,
           the
           young
           Prince
           had
           heaped
           upon
           him
           all
           the
           Marks
           of
           a
           particular
           Esteem
           and
           Affection
           ,
           that
           could
           be
           imagined
           .
           That
           so
           ,
           being
           desirous
           to
           see
           some
           Tables
           for
           Calculations
           ,
           composed
           by
           Father
           
             de
             Fontenay
          
           and
           Father
           Visdelou
           ,
           for
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           he
           had
           instructed
           him
           in
           the
           use
           of
           them
           ;
           The
           Emperour
           had
           been
           so
           much
           taken
           with
           the
           usefulness
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           been
           the
           first
           who
           had
           shewn
           them
           to
           Hoang-Tai-Tse
           ,
           who
           ever
           since
           carried
           them
           in
           a
           Case
           ,
           fastned
           to
           his
           Girdle
           .
           That
           one
           day
           ,
           this
           young
           Prince
           asked
           him
           concerning
           the
           God
           of
           Heaven
           ;
           upon
           which
           occasion
           ,
           Father
           Gerbillon
           ,
           having
           made
           a
           short
           Harangue
           upon
           this
           Subject
           in
           his
           presence
           ,
           he
           heard
           him
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Satisfaction
           and
           Attention
           ;
           and
           at
           another
           
           time
           engaged
           him
           to
           explain
           him
           half
           a
           page
           out
           of
           the
           Holy
           Scripture
           .
        
         
           The
           Brothers
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           but
           especially
           the
           eldest
           ,
           who
           besides
           many
           other
           rare
           Qualities
           ,
           has
           a
           most
           excellent
           Natural
           Genius
           ,
           treat
           us
           at
           all
           times
           very
           favourably
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           two
           own
           Brothers
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           in
           this
           point
           exceed
           all
           the
           other
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood.
           
        
         
           This
           favourable
           Disposition
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Family
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           other
           Princes
           towards
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           publish
           it
           in
           the
           Capital
           City
           of
           Peking
           ,
           has
           communicated
           it self
           to
           most
           of
           the
           Persons
           of
           the
           first
           Rank
           ;
           and
           the
           Example
           of
           their
           Sovereign
           has
           made
           so
           deep
           an
           Impression
           upon
           the
           rest
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           Mandarins
           and
           other
           Officers
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           few
           who
           have
           not
           very
           favourable
           Sentiments
           of
           us
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           is
           the
           most
           surprizing
           ,
           and
           which
           has
           been
           look'd
           upon
           almost
           like
           a
           Prodigy
           to
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           two
           Chief
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           have
           given
           us
           such
           publick
           and
           extraordinary
           Demonstrations
           of
           the
           Affection
           and
           Esteem
           they
           bare
           towards
           the
           Gospel
           .
           I
           mean
           the
           Lord
           Go-san
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           Ming
           .
           The
           first
           of
           these
           two
           is
           the
           same
           Illustrious
           Person
           ,
           who
           ,
           for
           a
           considerable
           time
           has
           been
           the
           Chief
           Supporter
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           and
           the
           Missionaries
           in
           China
           ,
           and
           who
           signalized
           his
           Zeal
           of
           late
           in
           making
           use
           of
           all
           his
           Interest
           and
           Rhetorick
           
           to
           perswade
           ,
           first
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           the
           Sovereign
           Court
           of
           Rites
           (
           the
           same
           Tribunal
           which
           for
           this
           Age
           last
           past
           ,
           has
           appear'd
           so
           dreadful
           to
           the
           Preachers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           )
           to
           approve
           and
           conform
           themselves
           to
           the
           Emperour's
           Resolution
           of
           granting
           to
           us
           in
           most
           Solemn
           and
           Authentick
           manner
           ,
           the
           free
           exercise
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
        
         
           What
           relates
           to
           the
           Second
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Ming
           ,
           tho'
           it
           must
           be
           confess'd
           ,
           that
           hitherto
           ,
           he
           has
           not
           had
           the
           same
           Opportunity
           to
           give
           us
           such
           publick
           and
           Signal
           Proofs
           of
           his
           Zeal
           and
           Protection
           ,
           as
           the
           other
           illustrious
           Lord
           :
           Nevertheless
           ,
           we
           are
           entirely
           satisfied
           as
           to
           his
           favourable
           Disposition
           towards
           our
           Cause
           ;
           knowing
           him
           to
           be
           ready
           upon
           all
           Occasions
           to
           do
           what
           Service
           he
           can
           ,
           to
           promote
           the
           Advancement
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           second
           the
           Zeal
           of
           our
           Missionaries
           ;
           for
           which
           reason
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           consider
           him
           as
           a
           Main
           Pillar
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           in
           China
           ;
           and
           whose
           Affection
           does
           not
           in
           the
           least
           fall
           short
           of
           that
           of
           the
           Lord
           Go-san
           .
           If
           it
           were
           permitted
           me
           ,
           to
           publish
           certain
           Particularitick
           relating
           to
           this
           Subject
           ,
           which
           I
           am
           very
           well
           acquainted
           with
           ,
           to
           my
           own
           Knowledge
           ,
           I
           could
           relate
           such
           things
           as
           would
           give
           sufficient
           Cause
           for
           the
           whole
           Church
           to
           rejoyce
           at
           .
        
         
           To
           put
           the
           last
           Hand
           ,
           as
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           the
           finishing
           Stroke
           to
           the
           Portraicture
           of
           this
           Great
           Prince
           ,
           I
           will
           make
           bold
           to
           say
           ,
           That
           in
           so
           many
           Respects
           he
           resembles
           
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           that
           like
           You
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Accomplished
           Monarchs
           that
           ever
           wore
           a
           Crown
           ;
           if
           he
           could
           likewise
           attain
           to
           that
           Happiness
           to
           resemble
           You
           in
           one
           point
           more
           ,
           which
           makes
           Your
           Illustrious
           Reign
           appear
           with
           greater
           Lustre
           in
           the
           Christian
           World
           ,
           I
           mean
           in
           that
           point
           which
           relates
           to
           our
           Religion
           .
        
         
           To
           attain
           to
           this
           happiness
           ,
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           must
           embrace
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           and
           profess
           it
           with
           the
           same
           Sincerity
           as
           You.
           It
           is
           next
           to
           an
           impossibility
           for
           us
           to
           dive
           into
           his
           Thoughts
           ,
           as
           to
           this
           point
           ,
           or
           to
           guess
           at
           what
           he
           keeps
           conceal'd
           in
           his
           Breast
           .
           But
           if
           it
           may
           be
           allowed
           us
           ,
           to
           judge
           by
           these
           things
           we
           have
           been
           eye-witness
           of
           ,
           by
           the
           knowledge
           he
           has
           of
           the
           Fundamental
           parts
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Esteem
           he
           shews
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           seems
           to
           shew
           for
           it
           ;
           by
           the
           publick
           protection
           he
           affords
           to
           the
           Missionaries
           ,
           and
           the
           favourable
           Sentiments
           he
           has
           concerning
           them
           and
           our
           Religion
           ,
           inspired
           into
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           the
           Chiefest
           Men
           of
           his
           Court
           into
           the
           Princes
           ,
           his
           Sons
           ,
           nay
           even
           into
           him
           ,
           who
           is
           declared
           his
           Successour
           in
           the
           Empire
           ;
           We
           may
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           without
           presumption
           conceive
           some
           hopes
           ,
           that
           this
           Great
           Prince
           is
           not
           far
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Heaven
           .
        
         
           What
           else
           can
           be
           concluded
           from
           these
           many
           Favours
           ,
           he
           heaps
           without
           intermission
           upon
           the
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ?
           Some
           of
           the
           most
           Remarkable
           ,
           I
           have
           had
           occasion
           to
           mention
           before
           .
           Since
           
           which
           ,
           he
           has
           extended
           his
           Bounty
           further
           than
           ever
           before
           to
           our
           Missionaries
           .
           For
           he
           thought
           it
           not
           sufficient
           to
           allow
           them
           Lodgings
           within
           the
           precinct
           of
           his
           Royal
           Pallace
           at
           Peking
           ,
           but
           not
           long
           after
           my
           departure
           ,
           generously
           assigned
           them
           a
           very
           spacious
           piece
           of
           Ground
           in
           the
           same
           place
           ,
           for
           the
           Building
           of
           a
           most
           Magnificent
           Church
           ,
           to
           be
           dedicated
           to
           the
           True
           God
           ;
           and
           they
           are
           not
           without
           hopes
           that
           he
           will
           be
           the
           Founder
           of
           it
           himself
           .
        
         
           If
           this
           Prince
           had
           the
           Happiness
           to
           be
           actually
           become
           a
           Member
           of
           our
           holy
           Church
           ,
           and
           had
           taken
           a
           firm
           Resolution
           to
           communicate
           the
           same
           to
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           it
           is
           scarce
           to
           be
           imagined
           ,
           he
           could
           give
           us
           more
           evident
           proofs
           of
           his
           Satisfaction
           ,
           than
           he
           has
           done
           of
           late
           ,
           on
           the
           account
           of
           the
           happy
           progress
           of
           the
           Gospel
           in
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           after
           the
           publication
           of
           his
           Edicts
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           Let
           us
           see
           what
           the
           Hollanders
           themselves
           say
           upon
           this
           point
           ,
           the
           following
           Relation
           being
           an
           Abstract
           of
           some
           Letters
           sent
           from
           Macao
           and
           Peking
           ,
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Year
           1695
           ,
           which
           is
           inserted
           in
           their
           Historical
           Transactions
           ,
           printed
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             :
             The
             Emperour
             of
          
           China
           ,
           
             since
             the
          
           
           
             Publication
             of
             his
             Edict
             ,
             whereby
             Freedom
             is
             granted
             to
             all
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             to
             embrace
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             takes
             so
             much
             Satisfaction
             to
             understand
             the
             good
             Success
             the
             Missionaries
             meet
             with
             in
             all
             Parts
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             in
             Converting
             Great
             Numbers
             of
             the
          
           Chineses
           ,
           
           
             that
             he
             has
             given
             Permission
             to
             two
          
           Italian
           
             Iesuits
             ,
             who
             were
             at
             his
             Court
             ,
             to
             go
             ,
             and
             Preach
             the
             Gospel
             in
             the
             most
             remote
             Provinces
             under
             his
             Iurisdiction
             ;
             the
             People
             having
             earnestly
             desired
             ,
             that
             some
             Fathers
             might
             be
             sent
             thither
             ,
             to
             shew
             them
             the
             way
             to
             Heaven
             .
             And
             the
             favourable
             Disposition
             of
             this
             Great
             Monarch
             towards
             the
             Christian
             Religion
             ,
             gives
             us
             all
             imaginable
             Hopes
             ,
             to
             see
             the
             whole
             Empire
             of
          
           China
           
             receive
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             within
             the
             next
             Hundred
             Years
             .
          
        
         
           Besides
           which
           ,
           they
           give
           us
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           Conversion
           of
           six
           or
           seven
           Persons
           of
           Great
           Quality
           and
           Authority
           among
           the
           Chineses
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           they
           say
           ,
           makes
           so
           great
           a
           Noise
           in
           the
           Court
           ,
           that
           their
           daily
           Entertainment
           is
           there
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           They
           add
           ,
           That
           among
           the
           common
           People
           ,
           the
           Number
           who
           are
           ready
           to
           receive
           Baptism
           ,
           is
           so
           Great
           in
           some
           Parts
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           that
           the
           Missionaries
           who
           are
           there
           ,
           are
           not
           sufficient
           to
           Administer
           it
           to
           all
           that
           are
           desirous
           of
           it
           .
           That
           the
           Emperour
           is
           often
           heard
           to
           speak
           very
           favourably
           of
           our
           Religion
           ;
           That
           he
           takes
           particular
           Delight
           in
           the
           Conversion
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           speaks
           much
           in
           Commendation
           of
           the
           Zeal
           the
           Missionaries
           shew
           in
           their
           Function
           .
           And
           that
           he
           has
           made
           more
           presssing
           Instances
           to
           four
           Jesuits
           ,
           that
           are
           at
           his
           Court
           ,
           to
           send
           without
           delay
           for
           more
           of
           their
           Fraternity
           ,
           to
           aid
           and
           assist
           them
           in
           their
           Ministerial
           Function
           .
        
         
         
           I
           am
           sure
           this
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Principal
           Instructions
           I
           received
           from
           this
           Prince
           ,
           at
           that
           time
           when
           I
           was
           ready
           to
           repass
           the
           Seas
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           give
           an
           Account
           of
           it
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           .
           He
           desired
           then
           ,
           that
           above
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           such
           of
           the
           French
           Jesuits
           as
           were
           then
           in
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           might
           be
           forthwith
           sent
           into
           China
           ;
           but
           especially
           Father
           Tachard
           ,
           and
           Father
           
             le
             Comte
          
           .
           For
           ,
           having
           understood
           that
           both
           of
           them
           were
           design'd
           by
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           to
           go
           as
           Missionaries
           into
           China
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           we
           ,
           he
           was
           extreamly
           desirous
           to
           have
           them
           at
           his
           Court.
           And
           it
           was
           a
           considerable
           time
           before
           ,
           to
           wit
           ;
           when
           he
           invited
           Father
           Fontenay
           and
           Father
           Visdelou
           thither
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           given
           his
           express
           Commands
           ,
           to
           induce
           Father
           
             le
             Comte
          
           (
           for
           whom
           he
           had
           a
           most
           particular
           Respect
           )
           to
           come
           to
           Peking
           with
           his
           Companions
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           Providence
           would
           have
           it
           ,
           when
           I
           came
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           I
           could
           not
           meet
           with
           any
           one
           Jesuit
           that
           was
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           undertake
           so
           long
           a
           Voyage
           .
           I
           made
           therefore
           all
           possible
           dispatch
           to
           return
           into
           France
           ;
           and
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           the
           Instructions
           received
           from
           this
           Great
           Prince
           ,
           to
           address
           my self
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           to
           sollicite
           for
           as
           many
           Missionaries
           to
           be
           sent
           into
           China
           ,
           as
           could
           be
           had
           ;
           but
           especially
           of
           the
           same
           Character
           with
           those
           that
           are
           already
           at
           his
           Court
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           is
           satisfied
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           .
        
         
         
           For
           it
           is
           to
           be
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           That
           the
           French
           Jesuits
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           well
           Vers'd
           in
           all
           Sorts
           of
           useful
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           are
           the
           Persons
           of
           whom
           this
           Prince
           makes
           the
           greatest
           Account
           ;
           he
           persisting
           in
           his
           Resolution
           ,
           to
           make
           use
           of
           them
           ,
           with
           those
           employed
           there
           already
           ,
           to
           erect
           a
           kind
           of
           Academy
           within
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           subordinate
           to
           Your
           Royal
           Academy
           ;
           of
           which
           he
           has
           conceiv'd
           so
           high
           an
           Idea
           ,
           since
           that
           Time
           we
           have
           shewn
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           Translated
           some
           of
           our
           Treatises
           into
           the
           Tartarian
           Language
           ;
           That
           his
           Resolution
           is
           ,
           that
           from
           thence
           ,
           as
           the
           most
           excellent
           and
           pure
           Spring-head
           ,
           may
           be
           taken
           most
           of
           these
           Memoirs
           ,
           which
           are
           to
           be
           the
           Subject
           Matter
           of
           those
           Works
           he
           intends
           to
           have
           Translated
           into
           the
           same
           Language
           ,
           especially
           those
           who
           treat
           of
           our
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           which
           he
           intends
           to
           encourage
           with
           all
           his
           Might
           throughout
           all
           his
           Dominions
           .
        
         
           Great
           Advantage
           must
           needs
           acrue
           from
           this
           Project
           to
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           when
           those
           who
           are
           to
           be
           employed
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           may
           be
           of
           great
           use
           in
           propagateing
           the
           Faith
           ,
           by
           giving
           Assistance
           to
           the
           rest
           in
           their
           Ministerial
           Function
           ;
           it
           being
           rationally
           to
           be
           supposed
           ,
           that
           by
           divideing
           the
           several
           Subjects
           in
           hand
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           different
           Talents
           ,
           they
           may
           bestow
           great
           part
           of
           their
           time
           in
           promoting
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           which
           ought
           always
           to
           be
           their
           Principal
           
           Aim
           .
           Besides
           which
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           the
           opportunity
           of
           obliging
           the
           World
           every
           year
           with
           many
           Curious
           and
           exact
           Observations
           and
           Reflections
           concerning
           divers
           Matters
           ;
           as
           likewise
           with
           the
           Translations
           of
           the
           best
           Chinese
           and
           Tartarian
           Treatises
           ,
           which
           may
           not
           a
           little
           conduce
           towards
           the
           perfecting
           of
           some
           of
           our
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           .
           In
           return
           of
           which
           ,
           our
           Learned
           Men
           will
           not
           be
           backward
           in
           furnishing
           them
           with
           what
           new
           Discoveries
           are
           made
           here
           ,
           for
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           we
           hope
           ,
           may
           be
           made
           use
           of
           with
           good
           Success
           ;
           to
           meet
           with
           the
           easier
           an
           Access
           among
           the
           Learned
           Men
           ,
           the
           Great
           Men
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           the
           Princes
           and
           Empe
           our
           himself
           ;
           and
           will
           furnish
           us
           with
           frequent
           opportunies
           to
           enlarge
           our selves
           upon
           the
           Fundamentals
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           which
           by
           degrees
           ,
           thro'
           the
           Grace
           of
           God
           ,
           may
           dispose
           them
           to
           the
           embracing
           of
           the
           Faith.
           
        
         
           For
           it
           has
           been
           sufficiently
           prov'd
           by
           the
           Experience
           of
           this
           last
           Age
           ,
           That
           ,
           since
           God
           has
           pleased
           to
           make
           the
           Missionaries
           Instrumental
           in
           introducing
           and
           planting
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           in
           China
           ,
           of
           all
           other
           natural
           Means
           nothing
           has
           contributed
           so
           much
           to
           the
           accompllishment
           of
           this
           Great
           Work
           ,
           than
           their
           knowledge
           of
           all
           useful
           Sciences
           ,
           from
           whence
           we
           may
           rationally
           infer
           ,
           that
           even
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           us
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           same
           
           Methods
           ,
           to
           root
           out
           Paganism
           in
           this
           Empire
           .
        
         
           It
           has
           been
           a
           general
           Observation
           ,
           That
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           whose
           Genius
           is
           much
           elevated
           above
           all
           other
           Pagan
           Nations
           ,
           and
           who
           consequently
           are
           sooner
           brought
           to
           understand
           and
           follow
           the
           Dictates
           of
           right
           Reason
           ,
           are
           commonly
           sooner
           prevail'd
           upon
           than
           the
           rest
           ,
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           fundamental
           Principles
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           yield
           to
           the
           Truth
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ;
           provided
           matters
           be
           made
           perspicuous
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           Method
           agreeable
           to
           their
           Genius
           by
           such
           persons
           ,
           as
           have
           before
           deserved
           their
           Esteem
           ,
           and
           acquired
           a
           great
           Authority
           among
           them
           ,
           by
           their
           Ability
           and
           an
           exemplary
           Life
           ;
           God
           Almighty
           ,
           who
           upon
           these
           Occasions
           ,
           is
           always
           very
           Bountiful
           in
           shewing
           his
           Mercy
           ,
           and
           regulating
           the
           inward
           Motions
           of
           hearts
           ,
           having
           extended
           his
           Mercy
           in
           a
           peculiar
           manner
           to
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           so
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           affluence
           of
           his
           Spirit
           ,
           many
           of
           the
           most
           Learned
           among
           them
           have
           acknowledged
           their
           Error
           in
           their
           mistaken
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           submitted
           with
           all
           Humility
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Gospel
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           duly
           considered
           ,
           who
           can
           reasonably
           doubt
           ,
           but
           ,
           that
           ,
           when
           by
           God's
           singular
           Inspiration
           You
           resolved
           some
           Years
           ago
           ,
           to
           send
           some
           French
           Jesuits
           into
           China
           ,
           to
           be
           employed
           in
           the
           Conversion
           of
           the
           Infidels
           ;
           it
           was
           by
           the
           same
           
           Motive
           that
           You
           gave
           them
           Your
           Instructions
           concerning
           the
           Improvement
           of
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ?
           And
           that
           Providence
           having
           been
           pleased
           to
           second
           Your
           Great
           and
           Holy
           Intentions
           ,
           has
           raised
           such
           a
           favourable
           Disposition
           in
           the
           Hearts
           of
           the
           Chineses
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Emperour
           of
           China
           himself
           towards
           these
           Missionaries
           ,
           that
           this
           Prince
           has
           thought
           it
           convenient
           to
           Sollicite
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           for
           a
           far
           greater
           Number
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           What
           is
           it
           we
           may
           not
           hope
           for
           from
           the
           happy
           Effects
           of
           Your
           Heroick
           Zeal
           ,
           to
           which
           You
           put
           no
           Bounds
           ,
           for
           the
           good
           of
           God's
           Cause
           ?
           If
           we
           may
           presume
           to
           presage
           of
           the
           future
           by
           what
           is
           pass'd
           ,
           especially
           in
           respect
           of
           what
           Your
           Majesty
           has
           been
           pleased
           to
           do
           of
           late
           Years
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Missions
           into
           the
           Eastern
           Countries
           ,
           into
           Ethopia
           and
           the
           Indies
           ;
           only
           upon
           a
           bare
           Prospect
           of
           introducing
           our
           Religion
           among
           these
           Pagans
           ;
           we
           may
           promise
           our selves
           all
           the
           hopes
           for
           Success
           from
           those
           sent
           into
           China
           ,
           which
           alone
           are
           more
           valuable
           than
           all
           the
           rest
           together
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           likely
           to
           bring
           a
           greater
           Number
           of
           Infidels
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           than
           may
           be
           expected
           from
           all
           the
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           provided
           there
           were
           a
           proportionable
           Number
           of
           Ministers
           to
           the
           Multitude
           of
           those
           who
           shew
           a
           greater
           willingness
           to
           be
           instructed
           ,
           sent
           into
           those
           parts
           .
        
         
         
           The
           present
           Emperour
           of
           
           China's
           Bounty
           in
           granting
           free
           Liberty
           to
           all
           his
           Subjects
           to
           embrace
           the
           Catholick
           Faith
           ,
           is
           alone
           a
           sufficient
           Motive
           to
           induce
           us
           to
           live
           in
           hopes
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           see
           that
           vast
           Empire
           of
           China
           ,
           entirely
           reduced
           under
           the
           Obedience
           of
           Christ.
           But
           if
           this
           Great
           Prince
           should
           lead
           the
           way
           ,
           and
           encourage
           his
           Subjects
           by
           his
           own
           Example
           ,
           we
           have
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           World
           to
           hope
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           see
           this
           Great
           work
           accomplish'd
           under
           the
           Auspicious
           Reign
           of
           Your
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           It
           must
           be
           confess'd
           ,
           that
           without
           almost
           a
           miraculous
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           easie
           to
           hope
           for
           the
           Conversion
           of
           so
           Great
           and
           Potent
           a
           Prince
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           Pagan
           .
           But
           let
           us
           consider
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           the
           extraordinary
           Esteem
           he
           has
           always
           shewn
           for
           ,
           and
           the
           powerful
           Protection
           he
           affords
           to
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           Let
           us
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           consider
           that
           this
           Prince
           is
           free
           from
           all
           these
           Vices
           ,
           which
           being
           contrary
           to
           the
           Rules
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           proves
           frequently
           the
           Main
           stumbling-block
           to
           Pagan
           Princes
           to
           embrace
           the
           Faith
           of
           Christ
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           has
           made
           all
           these
           Moral
           Vertues
           ,
           which
           are
           so
           rarely
           to
           be
           met
           with
           in
           a
           Pagan
           Prince
           his
           constant
           practice
           ;
           all
           these
           things
           considered
           together
           ,
           we
           may
           not
           without
           great
           reason
           presume
           to
           hope
           ,
           that
           the
           same
           God
           who
           has
           raised
           such
           favourable
           Inclinations
           towards
           our
           Religion
           in
           the
           Heart
           of
           this
           
           Prince
           ,
           may
           be
           prevail'd
           upon
           to
           extend
           his
           Boundless
           Mercy
           towards
           him
           ,
           especially
           if
           the
           Faithful
           in
           their
           servent
           Prayers
           to
           him
           ,
           do
           implore
           his
           Mercy
           in
           behalf
           of
           this
           Prince
           and
           his
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           I
           say
           ,
           in
           behalf
           of
           this
           Prince
           and
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           For
           ,
           as
           this
           Emperour
           is
           invested
           with
           an
           absolute
           Power
           over
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           most
           Famous
           throughout
           all
           the
           Orient
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           extraordinary
           Genius
           ,
           Wisdom
           ,
           Learning
           and
           uncommon
           Probity
           ;
           so
           ,
           we
           have
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           World
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           ,
           if
           he
           should
           be
           prevail'd
           upon
           to
           embrace
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           his
           Examples
           would
           be
           sufficient
           to
           induce
           all
           his
           Subjects
           to
           tread
           in
           his
           footsteps
           ,
           who
           ,
           for
           their
           number
           ,
           exceeed
           all
           Nations
           in
           Europe
           .
           And
           it
           is
           not
           improbable
           ,
           but
           that
           ,
           considering
           the
           light
           Esteem
           those
           Nations
           bordering
           on
           China
           ,
           have
           conceiv'd
           of
           their
           extraordinary
           Wisedom
           ,
           and
           how
           much
           they
           are
           inclined
           to
           follow
           their
           Maxims
           and
           Customs
           ,
           this
           would
           be
           prevailing
           enough
           with
           many
           to
           be
           entirely
           reconciled
           to
           our
           holy
           Religion
           .
        
         
           The
           most
           fortunate
           Opportunity
           that
           could
           be
           wish'd
           for
           ,
           the
           most
           advantageous
           for
           the
           Establishment
           of
           our
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           Glorious
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           who
           seems
           to
           be
           chosen
           by
           Heaven
           ,
           the
           happy
           Instrument
           of
           advancing
           the
           honour
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           to
           Crown
           all
           the
           Actions
           
           of
           
             Lewis
             the
             Great
          
           with
           this
           ,
           the
           most
           Glorious
           of
           all
           Your
           Enterprizes
           .
           Nothing
           less
           can
           be
           imagined
           to
           be
           a
           Recompense
           bearing
           the
           least
           proportion
           to
           that
           Heroick
           Zeal
           and
           Magnanimity
           ,
           of
           which
           Your
           Majesty
           has
           given
           such
           ample
           Demonstrations
           to
           all
           the
           World
           within
           these
           ten
           Years
           last
           past
           ,
           during
           which
           ,
           after
           You
           had
           protected
           the
           Church
           ,
           both
           by
           the
           force
           of
           Your
           Arms
           ,
           and
           Your
           unparallell'd
           Conduct
           ,
           against
           the
           Joynt-power
           of
           Europe
           ,
           You
           were
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           Advantages
           on
           Your
           side
           ,
           nevertheless
           disposed
           to
           offer
           Peace
           to
           Your
           Enemies
           upon
           very
           advantageous
           Terms
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           out
           of
           a
           Generous
           Motive
           for
           the
           Publick
           Good
           ;
           and
           the
           universal
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           Among
           those
           Vows
           and
           Prayers
           ,
           which
           we
           send
           without
           intermission
           up
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           for
           the
           Conversion
           of
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           and
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           we
           are
           never
           forgetful
           to
           offer
           our
           hearty
           Thanks
           to
           God
           ,
           for
           the
           Conclusion
           of
           the
           last
           Peace
           ,
           which
           in
           all
           probability
           will
           prove
           more
           advantageous
           to
           China
           than
           Europe
           it self
           .
           For
           by
           the
           re-establishing
           a
           free
           Commerce
           ,
           our
           Ships
           will
           not
           want
           Opportunity
           to
           carry
           every
           Year
           some
           new
           Missionaries
           to
           the
           utmost
           Parts
           of
           the
           East
           ;
           so
           that
           we
           may
           reasonably
           expect
           to
           be
           Rejoyced
           with
           the
           most
           agreeable
           News
           of
           the
           Conversion
           of
           many
           Thousand
           Chineses
           ,
           by
           the
           Assistance
           of
           these
           
           Fathers
           ,
           who
           are
           to
           be
           sent
           thither
           under
           Your
           Majesty's
           Protection
           ,
           to
           labour
           for
           the
           Encrease
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           JESUS
           CHRIST
           .
        
         
           I
           live
           in
           hopes
           to
           hear
           suddenly
           ,
           that
           some
           more
           of
           our
           Fraternity
           are
           to
           be
           sent
           by
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           with
           the
           first
           Ships
           design'd
           for
           China
           ,
           where
           ,
           I
           am
           sure
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           at
           least
           as
           well
           received
           ,
           as
           any
           other
           Nation
           .
           And
           I
           hope
           from
           Your
           Majesty's
           Goodness
           ,
           that
           I
           may
           be
           thought
           Worthy
           to
           be
           one
           of
           their
           Company
           ,
           to
           return
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           into
           that
           Part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           where
           the
           Sun
           has
           its
           Rise
           .
           It
           shall
           be
           my
           Chief
           aim
           ,
           there
           to
           second
           Your
           extraordinary
           Zeal
           in
           propagating
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           among
           the
           Infidels
           ,
           in
           the
           most
           remote
           Parts
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           And
           ,
           as
           a
           particular
           Acknowledgement
           of
           these
           Favours
           You
           have
           been
           pleased
           to
           heap
           upon
           me
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           neglect
           the
           least
           Opportunity
           of
           publishing
           ,
           wherever
           I
           come
           ,
           Your
           Great
           Actions
           ;
           but
           especially
           to
           give
           an
           exact
           Account
           of
           what
           I
           have
           seen
           ,
           during
           my
           stay
           here
           ,
           to
           the
           present
           Emperour
           of
           China
           ,
           who
           ,
           of
           all
           other
           Princes
           ,
           takes
           the
           greatest
           Satisfaction
           in
           hearing
           of
           Your
           Glorious
           Enterprizes
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           most
           worthy
           of
           Your
           Esteem
           and
           Friendship
           .
        
         
           To
           conclude
           ,
           I
           will
           join
           my
           hearty
           Prayers
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Faithful
           Chineses
           ,
           who
           look
           upon
           Your
           Majesty
           as
           their
           
           Chief
           Supporter
           ,
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           Your
           Royal
           Person
           and
           Family
           ,
           as
           an
           unfeigned
           Testimony
           of
           the
           most
           profound
           Respect
           and
           Devotion
           ,
           wherewith
           I
           presume
           to
           subscribe
           my self
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Majesty's
             Most
             humble
             ,
             most
             obedient
             ,
             and
             Most
             faithful
             Servant
             ,
             J.
             BOUVET
             ,
             of
             the
             Society
             of
             IESUS
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28906-e100
           
             An.
             1697
             for
             the
             Month
             of
             Febr.